FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lasry, A Carter, MW Zaric, GS AF Lasry, Arielle Carter, Michael W. Zaric, Gregory S. TI Allocating funds for HIV/AIDS: a descriptive study of KwaDukuza, South Africa SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Resource allocation; decision-making; priority setting; HIV; AIDS; South Africa ID HEALTH-CARE; HIV PREVENTION; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION; CANCER AB Methods We conducted 35 key informant interviews in KwaDukuza. The interview questions addressed specific resource allocation issues while allowing respondents to speak openly about the complexities of the HIV/AIDS resource allocation process. Results Donors have a large influence on the decision-making process for HIV/AIDS resource allocation. However, advocacy groups, governmental bodies and local communities also play an important role. Political power, culture and ethics are among a set of intangible factors that have a strong influence on HIV/AIDS resource allocation. Formal methods, including needs assessment, best practice approaches, epidemiologic modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis are sometimes used to support the HIV/AIDS resource allocation process. Historical spending patterns are an important consideration in future HIV/AIDS allocation strategies. Conclusions Several factors and groups influence resource allocation in KwaDukuza. Although formal economic and epidemiologic information is sometimes used, in most cases other factors are more important for resource allocation decision-making. These other factors should be considered in any attempts to improve the resource allocation processes. C1 [Lasry, Arielle; Carter, Michael W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. [Zaric, Gregory S.] Univ Western Ontario, Ivey Sch Business, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Lasry, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E-48, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM alasry@cdc.gov RI Zaric, Gregory/B-7665-2013 FU Futures Group; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA-R01-15612] FX The authors thank the municipality of KwaDukuza and the Health Economics and AIDS Research Division at the University of KwaZulu-Natal for their cooperation. This study was supported by an award from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network as well as funding from the Futures Group and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). GSZ also received support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-R01-15612). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1093/heapol/czq022 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 698WT UT WOS:000285626100004 PM 20551138 ER PT J AU Waters, TR AF Waters, Thomas R. BE Karwowski, W Soares, MM Stanton, NA TI Product Design Issues Related to Safe Patient Handling Technology SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN CONSUMER PRODUCT DESIGN, VOL 2: USES AND APPLICATIONS SE Ergonomics Design and Management Theory and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACK PAIN; CARE; PREVALENCE; NURSES C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Waters, TR (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4625-0 J9 ERGON DES MANAG THEO PY 2011 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA BXG20 UT WOS:000296021200007 ER PT J AU Reiter, PL McRee, AL Gottlieb, SL Brewer, NT AF Reiter, Paul L. McRee, Annie-Laurie Gottlieb, Sami L. Brewer, Noel T. TI Correlates of receiving recommended adolescent vaccines among adolescent females in North Carolina SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE vaccine; adolescents; HPV; meningitis; tetanus; pertussis; diphtheria ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVALENCE; COVERAGE; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Background. Immunization is a successful and cost-effective method for preventing disease, yet many adolescents do not receive recommended vaccines. We assessed correlates of uptake of three vaccines (tetanus booster, meningococcal, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccines) recommended for adolescent females. Results. Only 17% of parents indicated their daughters had received all three vaccines. Eighty-seven percent of parents indicated their daughters had received tetanus booster vaccine, 36% reported vaccination against meningococcal disease, and 36% reported HPV vaccine initiation. Daughters aged 13-15 years (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.09-2.64) or 16-20 years (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.51-3.44) had received a greater number of these vaccines compared to daughters aged 11-12 years. Daughters who had preventive care visits in the last year (OR=4.81, 95% CI: 3.14-7.34) or whose parents had at least some college education (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.29-2.80) had also received a greater number of these vaccines. Methods. We examined cross-sectional data from 647 parents of 11-20 year-old females from North Carolina who completed the Carolina HPV Immunization Measurement and Evaluation (CHIME) Project follow-up survey in late 2008. Analyses used ordinal and binary logistic regression. Conclusions. Few daughters, particularly 11-12 years olds, had received all three vaccines recommended for adolescent females. Ensuring annual preventive care visits and increasing concomitant administration of adolescent vaccines may help increase vaccine coverage. C1 [Reiter, Paul L.; McRee, Annie-Laurie; Brewer, Noel T.] UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Reiter, Paul L.; Brewer, Noel T.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gottlieb, Sami L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reiter, PL (reprint author), UNC Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM preiter@email.unc.edu; ntb1@unc.edu RI McRee, Annie/J-3077-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [S3715-25/25]; American Cancer Society [MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB]; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center [R25 CA57726]; Merck Co., Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (S3715-25/25), the American Cancer Society (MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB), and the Cancer Control Education Program at Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (Grant No. R25 CA57726). Although we do not believe we have any conflicts of interest, we wish to share the following information in the interest of full disclosure. Authors have received research grants from Merck & Co., Inc. (N.B. and P. R.) and GlaxoSmithKline (N.B.), but neither has received honoraria or consulting fees from these companies. These funds were not used to support this research study. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.4161/hv.7.1.13500 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 743BB UT WOS:000288989300017 PM 21263224 ER PT J AU Harris, SL Zhu, DZ Murphy, E McNeil, LK Wang, X Mayer, LW Harrison, LH Jansen, KU Anderson, AS AF Harris, Shannon L. Zhu, Duzhang Murphy, Ellen McNeil, Lisa K. Wang, Xin Mayer, Leonard W. Harrison, Lee H. Jansen, Kathrin U. Anderson, Annaliesa S. TI Preclinical evidence for the potential of a bivalent fHBP vaccine to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C disease SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Congress on Vaccines, Immunisation and Immunotherapy (WCVII) CY MAY 26-28, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Infections Control World Org (ICWO) DE Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C; vaccine; fHBP ID LIPOPROTEIN; VARIANTS; STRAINS AB A bivalent factor H binding protein (fHBP) vaccine for the prevention of disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is currently in clinical development. Since fHBP is also expressed by other meningococcal serogroups, anti-fHBP antibodies may have bactericidal activity against meningococci independent of serogroup. To begin examining the susceptibility of other meningococcal serogroups to anti-fHBP antibodies, meningococcal serogroup C invasive isolates (n = 116) were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) sites during 2000-2001. These isolates were analyzed for the presence of the fhbp gene. All serogroup C isolates contained the gene, and sequence analysis grouped the proteins into two subfamilies, A and B. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that fHBP was expressed on the surface of similar to 70% of isolates in vitro with varying levels of expression. fHBP was accessible to antibodies on the cell surface even in the presence of the polysaccharide capsule. Nine isolates from different geographic regions were identified which harboured an identical single nucleotide deletion that could result in a truncated subfamily B fHBP. Analysis by flow cytometry using a polyclonal fHBP antibody preparation revealed that a subpopulation of each of these isolates expressed fHBP. Rabbit and non-human primate immune sera generated with bivalent fHBP vaccine were tested for bactericidal activity against a panel of diverse serogroup C clinical isolates using human complement. Sera from both species demonstrated serum bactericidal antibody activity against the serogroup C isolates tested. These promising findings suggest that a bivalent fHBP vaccine may be capable of providing protection against meningococcal disease caused by both serogroup C and B. C1 [Harris, Shannon L.; Zhu, Duzhang; Murphy, Ellen; McNeil, Lisa K.; Jansen, Kathrin U.; Anderson, Annaliesa S.] Pfizer Vaccine Res, Pearl River, NY USA. [Wang, Xin; Mayer, Leonard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Anderson, AS (reprint author), Pfizer Vaccine Res, Pearl River, NY USA. EM annaliesa.anderson@pfizer.com NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.4161/hv.7.0.14564 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 742ZM UT WOS:000288984200011 PM 21245657 ER PT J AU Shoji, Y Chichester, JA Palmer, GA Farrance, CE Stevens, R Stewart, M Goldschmidt, L Deyde, V Gubareva, L Klimov, A Mett, V Yusibov, V AF Shoji, Yoko Chichester, Jessica A. Palmer, Gene A. Farrance, Christine E. Stevens, Robert Stewart, Michelle Goldschmidt, Lauren Deyde, Varough Gubareva, Larisa Klimov, Alexander Mett, Vadim Yusibov, Vidadi TI An influenza N1 neuraminidase-specific monoclonal antibody with broad neuraminidase inhibition activity against H5N1 HPAI viruses SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Congress on Vaccines, Immunisation and Immunotherapy (WCVII) CY MAY 26-28, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Infections Control World Org (ICWO) DE avian influenza; HPAI; H5N1; N1 NA; monoclonal antibody; tamiflu; oseltamivir ID RESISTANT INFLUENZA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; B VIRUSES; OSELTAMIVIR; HEMAGGLUTININ; SURVEILLANCE; PROTECTION; INFECTION; EMERGENCE AB H5N1 avian influenza continues to be a potential pandemic threat. Several vaccine candidates based on potentially pandemic influenza strains and antiviral drugs have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The data obtained so far have shown some promise, but have also revealed some shortcomings with both of these approaches. We have identified and characterized an H5N1 neuraminidase-specific monoclonal antibody which specifically inhibits N1 neuraminidase activity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains from clades 1 and 2. We have also shown the protective efficacy of this antibody in animal challenge models using homologous virus. Specific and effective inhibition of N1 NA could make this mAb a useful therapeutic tool in the treatment of human infection, in particular with oseltamivir- and zanamivir-resistant strains of HPAI. C1 [Shoji, Yoko; Chichester, Jessica A.; Palmer, Gene A.; Farrance, Christine E.; Stevens, Robert; Stewart, Michelle; Goldschmidt, Lauren; Mett, Vadim; Yusibov, Vidadi] Fraunhofer USA Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Newark, DE USA. [Deyde, Varough; Gubareva, Larisa; Klimov, Alexander] CDC, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, NCIRD,CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yusibov, V (reprint author), Fraunhofer USA Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Newark, DE USA. EM vyusibov@fraunhofer-cmb.org NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.4161/hv.7.0.14595 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 742ZM UT WOS:000288984200027 PM 21922687 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Irie, M Ray, T Swanson, NG AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Irie, Masahiro Ray, Tapas Swanson, Naomi G. TI Job Satisfaction, Common Cold, and Sickness Absence among White-collar Employees: A Cross-sectional Survey SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Job satisfaction; Common cold; Sickness absence; White-collar employee; Generic job stress questionnaire; Japan ID EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING COMPANY; MALE WORKERS; STRESS; HEALTH; SLEEP; PREDICTORS AB The purpose of this study is to examine the independent association of job satisfaction with common cold and sickness absence among Japanese workers. A total of 307 apparently healthy white-collar employees (165 men and 142 women), aged 22-69 (mean 36) yr, completed a questionnaire survey during April to June, 2002. Global job satisfaction was measured by a 4-item scale from the Japanese version of a generic job stress questionnaire with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. Information about whether the employees had a common cold (within the past 6 months) and sickness absence (within the past 12 months) was self-reported. Hierarchical log-linear Poisson regression analysis controlling for confounders revealed that greater job satisfaction was inversely correlated- with days (B=-0.116; p<0.001) and times (B=-0.058; p=0.067) of common cold and days (B=-0.160; p<0.001) and times (B=-0.141; p<0.001) of sickness absence. Our findings suggested that poor job satisfaction is associated with both common cold and sickness absence. C1 [Nakata, Akinori; Ray, Tapas; Swanson, Naomi G.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Takahashi, Masaya] NIOSH, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Irie, Masahiro] Kyushu Univ, Inst Hlth Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cji5@cdc.gov RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.2486/indhealth.MS1202 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 716HB UT WOS:000286958600015 PM 20823628 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Kong, Y Barnes, PF Huang, FF Klucar, P Wang, XS Samten, B Sengupta, M Machona, B Donis, R Tvinnereim, AR Shams, H AF Feng, Yan Kong, Ying Barnes, Peter F. Huang, Fang-Fang Klucar, Peter Wang, Xisheng Samten, Buka Sengupta, Mayami Machona, Bruce Donis, Ruben Tvinnereim, Amy R. Shams, Homayoun TI Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Inhibits the Pulmonary T-Cell Response to Influenza Virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; MEDIATED PROTECTION; EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA; RISK-FACTOR; MICE; INFECTION; DISEASE AB Smoking is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis and influenza. However, little information is available on the mechanisms underlying this increased susceptibility. Mice were left unexposed or were exposed to cigarette smoke and then infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by aerosol or influenza A by intranasal infection. Some mice were given a DNA vaccine encoding an immunogenic M. tuberculosis protein. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by T cells from the lungs and spleens was measured. Cigarette smoke exposure inhibited the lung T-cell production of IFN-gamma during stimulation in vitro with anti-CD3, after vaccination with a construct expressing an immunogenic mycobacterial protein, and during infection with M. tuberculosis and influenza A virus in vivo. Reduced IFN-gamma production was mediated through the decreased phosphorylation of transcription factors that positively regulate IFN-gamma expression. Cigarette smoke exposure increased the bacterial burden in mice infected with M. tuberculosis and increased weight loss and mortality in mice infected with influenza virus. This study provides the first demonstration that cigarette smoke exposure directly inhibits the pulmonary T-cell response to M. tuberculosis and influenza virus in a physiologically relevant animal model, increasing susceptibility to both pathogens. C1 [Feng, Yan; Kong, Ying; Barnes, Peter F.; Huang, Fang-Fang; Klucar, Peter; Wang, Xisheng; Samten, Buka; Sengupta, Mayami; Machona, Bruce; Tvinnereim, Amy R.; Shams, Homayoun] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Tyler, Ctr Pulm & Infect Dis Control, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. [Barnes, Peter F.; Samten, Buka; Shams, Homayoun] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Tyler, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. [Barnes, Peter F.; Samten, Buka; Shams, Homayoun] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Tyler, Dept Immunol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. [Donis, Ruben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shams, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Tyler, Ctr Pulm & Infect Dis Control, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. EM homayoun.shams@uthct.edu FU Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute [052338, 092015]; Margaret E. Byers Cain Chair for Tuberculosis Research; James Byers Cain Research Endowment FX This work was supported by a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (052338 and 092015 Clinical Innovator Awards to H. S.) and the Margaret E. Byers Cain Chair for Tuberculosis Research and James Byers Cain Research Endowment (both to P.F.B.). NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1128/IAI.00709-10 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 697WJ UT WOS:000285550200022 PM 20974820 ER PT J AU Ellingson, K Muder, RR Jain, R Kleinbaum, D Feng, PJI Cunningham, C Squier, C Lloyd, J Edwards, J Gebski, V Jernigan, J AF Ellingson, Katherine Muder, Robert R. Jain, Rajiv Kleinbaum, David Feng, Pei-Jean I. Cunningham, Candace Squier, Cheryl Lloyd, Jon Edwards, Jonathan Gebski, Val Jernigan, John TI Sustained Reduction in the Clinical Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization or Infection Associated with a Multifaceted Infection Control Intervention SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; BACTEREMIA; STATES; SURVEILLANCE; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVE. To assess the impact and sustainability of a multifaceted intervention to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission implemented in 3 chronologically overlapping phases at 1 hospital. DESIGN. Interrupted time-series analyses. SETTING. A Veterans Affairs hospital in the northeastern United States. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS. Individuals admitted to acute care units from October 1, 1999, through September 30, 2008. To calculate the monthly clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection, the number of MRSA-positive cultures obtained from a clinical site more than 48 hours after admission among patients with no MRSA-positive clinical cultures during the previous year was divided by patient-days at risk. Secondary outcomes included clinical incidence of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus colonization or infection and incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections. INTERVENTIONS. The intervention-implemented in a surgical ward beginning October 2001, in a surgical intensive care unit beginning October 2003, and in all acute care units beginning July 2005-included systems and behavior change strategies to increase adherence to infection control precautions (eg, hand hygiene and active surveillance culturing for MRSA). RESULTS. Hospital-wide, the clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection decreased after initiation of the intervention in 2001, compared with the period before intervention (P = .002), and decreased by 61% (P < .001) in the 7-year postintervention period. In the postintervention period, the hospital-wide incidence of MRSA bloodstream infection decreased by 50% (P = .02), and the proportion of S. aureus isolates that were methicillin resistant decreased by 30% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Sustained decreases in hospital-wide clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection, incidence of MRSA bloodstream infection, and proportion of S. aureus isolates resistant to methicillin followed implementation of a multifaceted prevention program at one Veterans Affairs hospital. Findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent transmission can impact endemic antimicrobial resistance problems. C1 [Ellingson, Katherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Muder, Robert R.; Jain, Rajiv; Cunningham, Candace; Squier, Cheryl; Lloyd, Jon] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Gebski, Val] Univ Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. RP Ellingson, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Clifton Rd NE,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kellingson@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1086/657665 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 694IP UT WOS:000285290200001 PM 21133794 ER PT J AU Feng, PJI Kallen, AJ Ellingson, K Muder, R Jain, R Jernigan, JA AF Feng, Pei-Jean I. Kallen, Alexander J. Ellingson, Katherine Muder, Robert Jain, Rajiv Jernigan, John A. TI Clinical Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Colonization or Infection as a Proxy Measure for MRSA Transmission in Acute Care Hospitals SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADMISSION; SURVEILLANCE; BACTEREMIA; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; IMPACT AB BACKGROUND. The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or infection has been used as a proxy measure for MRSA transmission, but incidence calculations vary depending on whether active surveillance culture (ASC) data are included. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the relationship between incidences of MRSA colonization or infection calculated with and without ASCs in intensive care units and non-intensive care units. SETTING. A Veterans Affairs medical center. METHODS. From microbiology records, incidences of MRSA colonization or infection were calculated with and without ASC data. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the 2 measures, and Poisson regression was used to model temporal trends. A Poisson interaction model was used to test for differences in incidence trends modeled with and without ASCs. RESULTS. The incidence of MRSA colonization or infection calculated with ASCs was 4.9 times higher than that calculated without ASCs. Correlation coefficients for incidences with and without ASCs were 0.42 for intensive care units, 0.59 for non-intensive care units, and 0.48 hospital-wide. Trends over time for the hospital were similar with and without ASCs (incidence rate ratio with ASCs, 0.95 [95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.97]; incidence rate ratio without ASCs, 0.95 [95% confidence interval, 0.92-0.99]; P = .68). Without ASCs, 35% of prevalent cases were falsely classified as incident. CONCLUSIONS. At 1 Veterans Affairs medical center, the incidence of MRSA colonization or infection calculated solely on the basis of clinical culture results commonly misclassified incident cases and underestimated incidence, compared with measures that included ASCs; however, temporal changes were similar. These findings suggest that incidence measured without ASCs may not accurately reflect the magnitude of MRSA transmission but may be useful for monitoring transmission trends over time, a crucial element for evaluating the impact of prevention activities. C1 [Feng, Pei-Jean I.; Kallen, Alexander J.; Ellingson, Katherine; Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Muder, Robert; Jain, Rajiv] Vet Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ffp0@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1086/657668 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 694IP UT WOS:000285290200003 PM 21133793 ER PT J AU Benoit, SR McDonald, LC English, R Tokars, JI AF Benoit, Stephen R. McDonald, L. Clifford English, Roseanne Tokars, Jerome I. TI Automated Surveillance of Clostridium difficile Infections Using BioSense SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; OUTBREAK; ONSET; MULTICENTER; HOSPITALS; DIAGNOSIS; DIARRHEA; SYSTEM; CODES AB OBJECTIVE. To determine the feasibility of using electronic laboratory and admission-discharge-transfer data from BioSense, a national automated surveillance system, to apply new modified Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) surveillance definitions and calculate overall and facility-specific rates of disease. DESIGN. Retrospective, multicenter cohort study. SETTING. Thirty-four hospitals sending inpatient, emergency department, and/or outpatient data to BioSense. METHODS. Laboratory codes and text-parsing methods were used to extract C. difficile-positive toxin assay results from laboratory data sent to BioSense during the period from January 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008; these were merged with administrative records to determine whether cases were community associated or healthcare onset, as well as patient-day data for rate calculations. A patient was classified as having hospital-onset CDI if he or she had a C. difficile toxin-positive result on a stool sample collected 3 or more days after admission and community-onset CDI if the specimen was collected less than 3 days after admission or the patient was not hospitalized. RESULTS. A total of 4,585 patients from 34 hospitals in 12 states had C. difficile-positive assay results. More than half (53.0%) of the cases were community-onset, and 30.8% of these occurred in patients who were recently hospitalized. The overall rate of healthcare-onset CDI was 7.8 cases per 10,000 patient-days, with a range among facilities of 1.5-27.8 cases per 10,000 patient-days. CONCLUSIONS. Electronic laboratory data sent to the BioSense surveillance system were successfully used to produce disease rates of CDI comparable to those of other studies, which shows the feasibility of using electronic laboratory data to track a disease of public health importance. C1 [Benoit, Stephen R.; English, Roseanne; Tokars, Jerome I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benoit, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bvy8@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1086/657633 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 694IP UT WOS:000285290200004 PM 21128815 ER PT J AU Meites, E Farias, D Raffo, L Albalak, R Carlino, OL McDonald, LC Widdowson, MA AF Meites, Elissa Farias, Daniel Raffo, Lucrecia Albalak, Rachel Luis Carlino, Oreste McDonald, L. Clifford Widdowson, Marc-Alain TI Hospital Capacity during an Influenza Pandemic-Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2009 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H1N1; A(H1N1) AB At a major referral hospital in the Southern Hemisphere, the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic brought increased critical care demand and more unscheduled nursing absences. Because of careful preparedness planning, including rapid expansion and redistribution of the numbers of available beds and staff, hospital surge capacity was not exceeded. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 32(1):87-90 C1 [Meites, Elissa; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Albalak, Rachel; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Farias, Daniel; Raffo, Lucrecia] Hosp Nacl Prof Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luis Carlino, Oreste] Natl Minist Hlth Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meites, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-2, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emeites@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention intramural funds. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1086/657667 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 694IP UT WOS:000285290200012 PM 21087127 ER PT J AU Esona, MD Banyai, K Foytich, K Freeman, M Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S Hull, J Kerin, T Steele, AD Armah, GE Geyer, A Page, N Agbaya, VA Forbi, JC Aminu, M Gautam, R Seheri, LM Nyangao, J Glass, R Bowen, MD Gentsch, JR AF Esona, M. D. Banyai, K. Foytich, K. Freeman, M. Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S. Hull, J. Kerin, T. Steele, A. D. Armah, G. E. Geyer, A. Page, N. Agbaya, V. A. Forbi, J. C. Aminu, M. Gautam, R. Seheri, L. M. Nyangao, J. Glass, R. Bowen, M. D. Gentsch, J. R. TI Genomic characterization of human rotavirus G10 strains from the African Rotavirus Network: Relationship to animal rotaviruses SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Gastroenteritis; Genome configuration; Reassortment; Zoonotic origin ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; PROGRAMS; DIARRHEA; INDIA AB Global rotavirus surveillance has led to the detection of many unusual human rotavirus (HRV) genotypes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary relationships of short fragments of all 11 gene segments of G10 HRV strains identified in West Africa through the African Rotavirus Network (ARN) system. During 1998-2004 surveillance within the ARN, we identified 5 G10 P[8] HRV strains. Fragments of all 11 gene segments of these G10 strains were sequenced. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of each gene segment revealed high nucleotide similarities amongst the ARN strains (97-100%) except in the case of the VP1(85-96%) and NSP2 genes (87.8-99.7%) where some strains were divergent. All genes of the ARN strains were classified as Wa-like (genotype 1) with the exception of their VP7 gene of all strains (genotype G10) and the VP6 gene of a single strain, 6755/2002/ARN (DS-1 like, genotype 2). While classified as Wa-like, the NSP2 genes of four of the ARN strains occupied a distinct sub-lineage related to simian strain Tuch, while the NSP2 of strain 6755/2002/ARN and NSP5 genes of all strains were closely related to the cognate genes of both human and animal strains belonging to the Wa-like genogroup. Although these findings help to elucidate the evolution of ARN G10 strains, additional sequence studies of cognate animal rotavirus genes are needed to determine irrefutably the specific origin of those genes relative to both human and animal rotavirus strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Esona, M. D.; Banyai, K.; Foytich, K.; Freeman, M.; Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S.; Hull, J.; Kerin, T.; Gautam, R.; Bowen, M. D.; Gentsch, J. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Banyai, K.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary. [Steele, A. D.] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Armah, G. E.] Noguchi Mem Res Inst Accra, Accra, Ghana. [Geyer, A.; Seheri, L. M.] Univ Limpopo, MRC DPRU, Limpopo, South Africa. [Page, N.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Agbaya, V. A.] Inst Pasteur Cote dIvoire DVE, Lab Bacteriol Virol, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Forbi, J. C.] Innovat Biotech, Virol Lab, Keffi Abjua, Nigeria. [Aminu, M.] Ahmadu Bello Univ Zaria, Dept Microbiol, Zaria, Nigeria. [Nyangao, J.] Kenya Res Inst, Virus Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Glass, R.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Esona, MD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdi4@cdc.gov OI Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU World Health Organization; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Association of Public Health Laboratories in Silver Spring, Maryland FX The post doctoral fellowship of Dr. Mathew Dioh Esona was provided through the Rotavirus Vaccine Program, a collaboration between the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Banyai Krisztian was an International Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellow supported by the Association of Public Health Laboratories in Silver Spring, Maryland in partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Our sincere thanks also go to all the staff of the MRC/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of Limpopo and the Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch at CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA for their invaluable assistance. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.09.010 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 711AT UT WOS:000286558800031 PM 20934537 ER PT J AU Safaeian, M Gao, YT Sakoda, LC Quraishi, SM Rashid, A Wang, BS Chen, JB Pruckler, J Mintz, E Hsing, AW AF Safaeian, Mahboobeh Gao, Yu-Tang Sakoda, Lori C. Quraishi, Sabah M. Rashid, Asif Wang, Bing-Shen Chen, Jinbo Pruckler, James Mintz, Eric Hsing, Ann W. TI Chronic typhoid infection and the risk of biliary tract cancer and stones in Shanghai, China SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND CANCER LA English DT Article AB Previous studies have shown a positive association between chronic typhoid carriage and biliary cancers. We compared serum Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi antibody titers between biliary tract cancer cases, biliary stone cases without evidence of cancer, and healthy subjects in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. Participants included 627 newly diagnosed primary biliary tract cancer patients; 1,037 biliary stone cases (774 gallbladder and 263 bile-duct) and 959 healthy subjects without a history of cancer, randomly selected from the Shanghai Resident Registry. Overall only 6/2,293 (0.26%) were Typhi positive. The prevalence of Typhi was 1/457 (0.22%), 4/977 (0.41%), and 1/859 (0.12%) among cancer cases, biliary-stone cases, and population controls, respectively. We did not find an association between Typhi and biliary cancer in Shanghai, due to the very low prevalence of chronic carriers in this population. The low seroprevalence of S. Typhi in Shanghai is unlikely to explain the high incidence of biliary cancers in this population. C1 [Safaeian, Mahboobeh; Quraishi, Sabah M.; Hsing, Ann W.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yu-Tang] Shanghai Canc Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Shanghai Canc Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Sakoda, Lori C.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rashid, Asif] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wang, Bing-Shen] Shanghai Med Univ, Dept Surg, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jinbo] Univ Penn, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pruckler, James; Mintz, Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Safaeian, M (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM safaeianm@mail.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400] FX We thank Jie Deng, Jiarong Cheng, Lu Sun, Kai Wu, and the staff at the Shanghai Cancer Institute for data collection, specimen collection, and processing, surgeons at the collaborating hospitals for data collection, and local pathologists for pathology review; Shelley Niwa of Westat for data preparation and management; and Janis Koci of the Scientific Applications International Corporation for management of the biological samples. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract N01-CO-12400. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the reviews or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1750-9378 J9 INFECT AGENTS CANCER JI Infect. Agents Cancer PY 2011 VL 6 AR UNSP 6 DI 10.1186/1750-9378-6-6 PG 3 WC Oncology; Immunology SC Oncology; Immunology GA V30DI UT WOS:000208796300006 PM 21535882 ER PT B AU Koch, A Bruce, MG Ladefoged, K AF Koch, Anders Bruce, Michael G. Ladefoged, Karin BA Petersen, E Chen, LH Schlagenhauf, P BF Petersen, E Chen, LH Schlagenhauf, P TI Arctic and Antarctica SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES: A GEOGRAPHIC GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HEPATITIS-A; GREENLAND; TUBERCULOSIS; POPULATION AB Arctic parts of Russia (Siberia), Alaska, Canada, and Greenland are characterized by scarce and mostly native populations living wide apart and often under crowded conditions. Caucasians live in Svalbard and the Antarctic. The main infectious diseases that occur in excess numbers in indigenous population in the Arctic compared with Northern European/American populations include invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, tuberculosis, chronic otitis media, respiratory tract infections including RSV and influenza, hepatitis B virus infection, sexually transmitted infections, Helicobacter pylori infection, parasitic infections, and bacterial zoonoses. Infectious disease patterns in people living in Svalbard and Antarctica mainly reflect those of their native countries. C1 [Koch, Anders] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Koch, Anders] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bruce, Michael G.] CDC, Arctic Invest Program, NCEZID, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ladefoged, Karin] Queen Ingrids Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Nuuk, Greenland. RP Koch, A (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-97161-0; 978-0-470-65529-0 PY 2011 BP 360 EP 373 D2 10.1002/9781119971641 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BA6JV UT WOS:000337164800028 ER PT J AU Salmon-Mulanovich, G Sovero, M Laguna-Torres, VA Kochel, TJ Lescano, AG Chauca, G Sanchez, JF Rodriguez, F Parrales, E Ocana, V Barrantes, M Blazes, DL Montgomery, JM AF Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela Sovero, Merly Alberto Laguna-Torres, V. Kochel, Tadeusz J. Lescano, Andres G. Chauca, Gloria Felix Sanchez, J. Rodriguez, Francisco Parrales, Eduardo Ocana, Victor Barrantes, Melvin Blazes, David L. Montgomery, Joel M. TI Frequency of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection among children with febrile respiratory symptoms in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; human bocavirus; respiratory illness ID TRACT INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARVOVIRUS; ETIOLOGY; VIRUSES; SAMPLES AB Background Globally, respiratory infections are the primary cause of illness in developing countries, specifically among children; however, an etiological agent for many of these illnesses is rarely identified. Objectives Our study aimed to estimate the frequency of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection among pediatric populations in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using stored samples of an influenza-like illness surveillance program. Irrespective of previous diagnosis, nasopharyngeal or nasal swab specimens were randomly selected and tested using real-time PCR from three sites during 2007 from patients younger than 6 years old. Results A total of 568 specimens from Argentina (185), Nicaragua (192) and Peru (191) were tested. The prevalence of HBoV was 10 center dot 8% (95% CI: 6 center dot 3; 15 center dot 3) in Argentina, 33 center dot 3% in Nicaragua (95% CI: 26 center dot 6; 40 center dot 1) and 25 center dot 1% in Peru (95% CI: 18 center dot 9; 31 center dot 3). Conclusions These findings demonstrate circulation of HBoV in Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru among children with influenza-like symptoms enrolled in a sentinel surveillance program. C1 [Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela; Sovero, Merly; Alberto Laguna-Torres, V.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.; Lescano, Andres G.; Chauca, Gloria; Montgomery, Joel M.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Bellavista, Callao, Peru. [Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lescano, Andres G.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Ocana, Victor] Ctr Salud Chiclayito, Piura, Peru. [Barrantes, Melvin] Hosp Materno Infantil Dr Eduardo Oller, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Blazes, David L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Div GEIS Operat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Montgomery, Joel M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salmon-Mulanovich, G (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Av Venezuela S-N Cdra 36, Bellavista, Callao, Peru. EM gsalmonm@jhsph.edu RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X FU DoD-GEIS; [847705 82000 25GB B0016] FX This work was funded by DoD-GEIS and supported by work unit number 847705 82000 25GB B0016. The authors thank Dean Erdman and Melissa Wilby from the Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Lab Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, for providing the positive controls for these assays, and the students and faculty of the Maestria en Epidemiologia Clinica con Mencion en Metodos Cuantitativos from Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (NIH/FIC TW007393-01) for their guidance and suggestions on the study design. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00160.x PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 691WF UT WOS:000285110800001 PM 21138534 ER PT J AU Peebles, PJ Dhara, R Brammer, L Fry, AM Finelli, L AF Peebles, Patrick J. Dhara, Rosaline Brammer, Lynnette Fry, Alicia M. Finelli, Lyn TI Influenza-associated mortality among children - United States: 2007-2008 SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; mortality rates; Staphlyococcus aureus ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; PCR AB Background Since October 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. To further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of Staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. Methods We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of all reported influenza-associated pediatric deaths in 2007-2008 influenza season in the United States. Results During the 2007-2008 influenza season, 88 influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported. The median age was 5 (range 29 days - 17 years); 48% were < 5 years of age. The median time from symptom onset to death was 4 days (range 0-64 days). S. aureus was identified at a sterile site or at a non-sterile site in 20 (35%) of the 57 children with specimens collected from these sites; in 17 (85%) of these children, specimens yielding S. aureus were obtained within three days of inpatient admission. These 17 children were older (10 versus 4 years, median; P < 0 center dot 05) and less likely to have a high-risk medical condition (P < 0 center dot 05) than children with cultures from the designated sites that did not grow S. aureus. Conclusions S. aureus continues to be the most common bacteria isolated from children with influenza-associated mortality. S. aureus isolates were associated with older age and lack of high-risk medical conditions. Healthcare providers should consider influenza co-infections with S. aureus when empirically treating children with influenza and severe respiratory illness. C1 [Peebles, Patrick J.; Dhara, Rosaline; Brammer, Lynnette; Fry, Alicia M.; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peebles, Patrick J.] CDC Experience Appl Epidemiol Fellowship, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lfinelli@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00166.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 691WF UT WOS:000285110800004 PM 21138537 ER PT J AU Holt, JB Zhang, XY Presley-Cantrell, L Croft, JB AF Holt, James B. Zhang, Xingyou Presley-Cantrell, Letitia Croft, Janet B. TI Geographic disparities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE COPD prevention; environmental risk factors; public health; population AB Background: Hospitalizations for persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) result in significant health care resource use and excess expenditures. Despite well-documented sociodemographic disparities in COPD outcomes, no study has characterized geographic variations in COPD hospitalization across the US. Methods: Almost 3.8 million COPD hospitalization records were extracted from Medicare claims for 1995-2006, and the total population of eligible Medicare beneficiaries was extracted from the Medicare enrollment records to calculate COPD hospitalization rates by Health Service Area (HSA), (n = 949). Spatial cluster analysis and Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling were used to characterize the geography of COPD hospitalizations. Results: The overall COPD hospitalization rate was 11.30 per 1,000 beneficiaries for the aggregated period 1995-2006. HSA-level COPD hospitalization rates had a median of 11.7 and a range of 3.0 (Cache, UT) to 76.3 (Pike, KY). Excessive hospitalization risk was concentrated in Appalachia, the southern Great Lakes, the Mississippi Delta, the Deep South, and west Texas. In the Bayesian spatial mixture model, 73% of variability of COPD hospitalization relative risk was attributed to unidentified regional social and physical environments shared by HSAs rather than to unique local HSA factors (27%). Conclusion: We discovered distinct geographic patterns in COPD hospitalization rates and risks attributed to both regionally-shared environmental risk factors and HSA-unique environmental contexts. The correlates of these geographic patterns remain to be determined. Geographic comparisons of COPD hospitalization risk provide insights for better public health practice, policies, and programs for COPD prevention. C1 [Holt, James B.; Zhang, Xingyou; Presley-Cantrell, Letitia; Croft, Janet B.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holt, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Mailstop K-67,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jgh4@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9106 EI 1178-2005 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2011 VL 6 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.2147/COPD.S19945 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA V28WB UT WOS:000208709800035 PM 21697996 ER PT J AU Allred, SL Pallos, LL AF Allred, Sarah L. Pallos, L. Laszlo TI Attrition in a panel study of people with environmental exposures: new insights about the impact of race, sex, and number of children in the household SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE attrition; registry; sex; race; children ID FAMILY-STRUCTURE; HEALTH; BIAS; PARTICIPATION; REGISTRY; GENDER; POPULATION; INTERVIEWS; COMMUNITY; REASONS AB This study examines attrition in a panel survey. Each member of the panel was selected because of their documented exposure to long-term, low levels of hazardous substances in their residential water. In addition, each was informed of their exposure at the time of baseline contact. The analytic approach involves examining the interactive effect of race and sex, as well as the additive effect of household characteristics on the propensity to stay. The data are derived from the National Exposure Registry, which is a large-scale, longitudinal health survey. This study finds that compared with white males, non-white males are more likely to attrite and white females are more likely to stay in the study. In addition, the propensity to stay is affected by the number of children in the household. These findings have implications for field procedures that may involve the selective targeting at baseline of those subgroups with a greater propensity to attrite. C1 [Allred, Sarah L.] Berry Coll, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Mt Berry, GA USA. [Pallos, L. Laszlo] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allred, SL (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Mt Berry, GA USA. EM sallred@berry.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1080/09603123.2010.506674 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 736ZF UT WOS:000288533300001 PM 21424966 ER PT J AU Naumann, RB Dellinger, AM Haileyesus, T Ryan, GW AF Naumann, Rebecca B. Dellinger, Ann M. Haileyesus, Tadesse Ryan, George W. TI Older adult pedestrian injuries in the United States: causes and contributing circumstances SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE pedestrian; older adults; falls; motor vehicle ID DRIVING CESSATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB As the US population ages, more older adults will face transportation and mobility challenges. This study examines the characteristics and contributing circumstances of nonfatal older adult pedestrian injuries. Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Programme (NEISS-AIP) for the years 2001 through 2006. Cases included persons aged 65 years and older who were nonfatally injured on a public roadway. The results indicated that on average, an estimated 52,482 older adults were treated in emergency departments each year for nonfatal pedestrian injuries. Falling and being hit by a motor vehicle were the leading mechanisms of injury, resulting in 77.5% and 15.0% of older adult pedestrian injuries, respectively. More than 9000 older pedestrian fall-related injuries each year involved a kerb. It is concluded that the growth in the older adult population could add to the overall burden of these nonfatal pedestrian injuries. Making transportation and mobility improvements, including environmental modifications, is important for preventing these injuries. C1 [Naumann, Rebecca B.; Dellinger, Ann M.; Haileyesus, Tadesse; Ryan, George W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Naumann, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rnaumann@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 AR PII 932718948 DI 10.1080/17457300.2010.517321 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 738UG UT WOS:000288667400009 PM 21264788 ER PT J AU Downes, J Mantzourani, M Beighton, D Hooper, S Wilson, MJ Nicholson, A Wade, WG AF Downes, Julia Mantzourani, Maria Beighton, David Hooper, Samuel Wilson, Melanie J. Nicholson, Ainsley Wade, William G. TI Scardovia wiggsiae sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity and clinical material, and emended descriptions of the genus Scardovia and Scardovia inopinata SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIFIDOBACTERIUM-DENTICOLENS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; DENTAL-CARIES; COMB. NOV.; LESIONS; ACIDS AB Six strains of anaerobic, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli, isolated from the human oral cavity and an infected arm wound, were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates were most closely related to Scardovia inopinata CCUG 35729(T) (94.8-94.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates were saccharolytic and produced acetic and lactic acids as end products of fermentation. The major fatty acids were C-16:0 (49.8%) and C-18:1 omega 9(C)(35.8%). Polar lipid analysis revealed a variety of glycolipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. No respiratory quinones were detected. The peptidoglycan was of the type A4 alpha L-Lys-Thr-Glu, with L-lysine partially replaced by L-ornithine. The DNA G +C content of one of the strains, C1A_55(T), was 55 mol%. A novel species, Scardovia wiggsiae sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate the six isolates, with the type strain C1A_55(T) (=DSM 22547(T)=CCUG 58090(T)). C1 [Downes, Julia; Mantzourani, Maria; Beighton, David; Wade, William G.] Guys Hosp, Inst Dent, Univ London Kings Coll, London SE1 9RT, England. [Downes, Julia; Mantzourani, Maria; Beighton, David; Wade, William G.] Kings Coll Hosp London, Inst Dent, Univ London Kings Coll, London SE1 9RT, England. [Downes, Julia; Mantzourani, Maria; Beighton, David; Wade, William G.] St Thomas Hosp, Infect Res Grp, London SE1 9RT, England. [Hooper, Samuel; Wilson, Melanie J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Dent, Cardiff CF14 4XY, S Glam, Wales. [Nicholson, Ainsley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wade, WG (reprint author), Guys Hosp, Inst Dent, Univ London Kings Coll, London SE1 9RT, England. EM william.wade@kcl.ac.uk OI Wade, William/0000-0003-2685-826X FU Guy's & St Thomas' Charity [R050724]; UK Department of Health via the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre FX This research was supported by Guy's & St Thomas' Charity (grant no. R050724). The authors acknowledge financial support from the UK Department of Health via the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Strain 2008322 was the kind gift of Dr Julie Ribes of the University of Kentucky, UKHealthCare Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 61 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.019752-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 716ZE UT WOS:000287011200005 PM 20139283 ER PT J AU Houben, RMGJ Crampin, AC Ndhlovu, R Sonnenberg, P Godfrey-Faussett, R Haas, WH Engelmann, G Lombard, CJ Wilkinson, D Bruchfeld, J Lockman, S Tappero, J Glynn, JR AF Houben, R. M. G. J. Crampin, A. C. Ndhlovu, R. Sonnenberg, P. Godfrey-Faussett, R. Haas, W. H. Engelmann, G. Lombard, C. J. Wilkinson, D. Bruchfeld, J. Lockman, S. Tappero, J. Glynn, J. R. TI Human immunodeficiency virus associated tuberculosis more often due to recent infection than reactivation of latent infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; HIV; molecular epidemiology; systematic review; pooled data analysis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HIV EPIDEMIC; RURAL AFRICA; MALAWI; IMPACT AB BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) mainly through reactivation or following recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (re)infection. Within a DNA fingerprint-defined cluster of TB cases, reactivation cases are assumed to be the source of infection for subsequent secondary cases. As HIV-positive TB cases are less likely to be source cases, equal or higher clustering in HIV-positives would suggest that HIV mainly increases the risk of TB following recent infection. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify all studies on TB clustering and HIV infection in HIV-endemic populations. Available individual patient data from eligible studies were pooled to analyse the association between clustering and HIV. RESULTS: Of seven eligible studies, six contributed individual patient data on 2116 patients. Clustering was as, or more, likely in the HIV-positive population, both overall (summary OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.0-1.5), and within age groups (OR 1.50, 95%CI 0.9-2.3; OR 1.00, 95%CI 0.8-1.3 and OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.4-5.7) for ages 15-25, 26-50 and > 50 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HIV infection mainly increases the risk of TB following recent M. tuberculosis transmission, and that TB control measures in HIV-endemic settings should therefore focus on controlling M. tuberculosis transmission rather than treating individuals with latent M. tuberculosis infection. C1 [Houben, R. M. G. J.; Crampin, A. C.; Glynn, J. R.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Crampin, A. C.; Ndhlovu, R.] Karonga Prevent Study, Chilumba, Malawi. [Sonnenberg, P.] UCL, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London, England. [Godfrey-Faussett, R.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Haas, W. H.] Robert Koch Inst, Resp Infect Unit, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Engelmann, G.] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Paediat, Heidelberg, Germany. [Lombard, C. J.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Wilkinson, D.] Univ Queensland, Sch Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Bruchfeld, J.] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Lockman, S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lockman, S.] Botswana Harvard Sch Publ Hlth AIDS Initiat Partn, Gaborone, Botswana. [Lockman, S.; Tappero, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Houben, RMGJ (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM Rein.Houben@lshtm.ac.uk RI Wilkinson, David/A-6207-2008 OI Wilkinson, David/0000-0002-7265-9846 FU Wellcome Trust FX The authors thank the staff from each study site for their help in collecting the data, and P Fine for fruitful discussions on early results. Some of the studies that contributed data were funded by the Wellcome Trust. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 710CO UT WOS:000286488700006 PM 21276292 ER PT S AU Kushniruk, AW Santos, SL Pourakis, G Nebeker, JR Boockvar, KS AF Kushniruk, Andre W. Santos, Susan L. Pourakis, George Nebeker, Jonathan R. Boockvar, Kenneth S. BE Borycki, EM BartleClar, JA Househ, MS Kuziemsky, CE Schraa, EG TI Cognitive Analysis of a Medication Reconciliation Tool: Applying Laboratory and Naturalistic Approaches to System Evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH INFORMATICS SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Information Technology and Communications in Health (ITCH) Conference CY FEB, 2011 CL Univ Victoria, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria, Sch Hlth Informat Sci DE medication reconciliation; patient safety; cognitive analysis AB Adverse drug events can occur as a result of handoffs in patient care. To reduce the possibility of this occurring, the process of medication reconciliation (whereby the patient's medication history is compared to current and previous medications to ensure accuracy) is becoming recognized as becoming increasingly important. To address this, computerized medication reconciliation tools have been developed. This paper describes a combined approach to evaluating the impact of such a tool. The approach has included both an artificial laboratory-based evaluation component (involving observing subjects interacting with standardized patient cases), as well as a naturalistic condition (involving real patient cases). The results indicate that there are differences in the way that subjects interact with the medication reconciliation tool, with significant differences identified in the amount of time spent and accuracy of medication documentation between physician and pharmacist users. C1 [Kushniruk, Andre W.] Univ Victoria, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Santos, Susan L.] VA New Jersey Hlth Care Syst, E Orange, NJ USA. [Santos, Susan L.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Pourakis, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nebeker, Jonathan R.] VA Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Boockvar, Kenneth S.] James J Peters Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. [Boockvar, Kenneth S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Geriatr & Palliat Med, New York, NY USA. [Boockvar, Kenneth S.] Jewish Home Lifecare, New York, NY USA. RP Kushniruk, AW (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. EM andrek@uvic.ca OI Boockvar, Kenneth/0000-0003-1165-5558 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-60750-709-3 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2011 VL 164 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-709-3-203 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BG8DA UT WOS:000392222000033 PM 21335711 ER PT S AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, Anne BE KulpaEddy, J McFarland, R Stokes, WS TI Human vaccines and their importance to public health SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO REDUCE, REFINE, AND REPLACE THE USE OF ANIMALS IN VACCINE POTENCY AND SAFETY TESTING: STATE OF THE SCIENCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE Procedia in Vaccinology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Alternative Methods to Reduce, Refine, and Replace the Use of Animals in Vaccine Potency and Safety Testing - State of the Science and Future Directions CY SEP 14-16, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE vaccine; immunization; epidemiology; public health; infectious diseases ID AREA VACCINATION COVERAGE; A H1N1 2009; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTABLE DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; MEASLES; RISKS AB Few medical interventions compete with vaccines for their cumulative impact on health and well-being of entire populations. Routine immunization of children in the United States now targets 16 vaccine-preventable diseases; and vaccines are now routinely given across the lifespan. Immunization efforts achieved the global eradication of smallpox, as well as the elimination of polio, measles, and rubella from the Americas. The childhood vaccine series including DTP, polio, MMR, Hib, hepatitis B, and varicella vaccines is estimated to prevent 14 million infections, avoid 33,000 premature deaths, and save $9.9 billion in direct medical costs as well as $33 billion in indirect costs for each U.S. birth cohort fully vaccinated. Newer vaccines such as pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, and hepatitis A vaccines have also reduced illness and hospitalizations among the target populations but also have amplified benefits beyond their direct effects through reduced transmission from those immunized to other groups. Although for most of the 20th century there was a substantial delay between a vaccine's introduction in developed countries and its broad use in poor countries, newer global public-private partnerships and advocacy are leading to accelerated uptake of new and underutilized vaccines. Since the Measles Initiative was established in 2001, more than 700 million children worldwide have received a measles vaccination and an estimated 4.3 million childhood measles deaths have been averted. The full impact of increasing routine immunization further and implementing new vaccines against pneumonia and diarrhea agents in the poorest countries could prevent more than 2 million additional childhood deaths each year. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Aschuchat@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-282X J9 PROCEDIA VACCINOL JI Procedia Vaccinol. PY 2011 VL 5 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BYU28 UT WOS:000300380900008 ER PT J AU Barnett, SBL Nurmagambetov, TA AF Barnett, Sarah Beth L. Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A. TI Costs of asthma in the United States: 2002-2007 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asthma; expenditures; Two-part model; direct cost; productivity losses; mortality losses ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATA-BASES; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; RESOURCE UTILIZATION; PEDIATRIC ASTHMA; ECONOMIC BURDEN; MEDICAL COSTS; US CHILDREN; OF-ILLNESS; PREVALENCE; SEVERITY AB Background: The economic burden of asthma is an important measure of the effect of asthma on society. Although asthma is a costly illness, the total cost of asthma to society has not been estimated in more than a decade. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide the public with current estimates of the incremental direct medical costs and productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality from asthma at both the individual and national levels for the years 2002-2007. Methods: Data came from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental direct costs of asthma. The incremental number of days lost from work and school was estimated by negative binomial regressions and valued following the human capital approach. Published data were used to value lives lost with an underlying cause of asthma. Results: Over the years 2002-2007, the incremental direct cost of asthma was $3,259 (2009 dollars) per person per year. The value of additional days lost attributable to asthma per year was approximately $301 for each worker and $93 for each student. For the most recent year available, 2007, the total incremental cost of asthma to society was $56 billion, with productivity losses due to morbidity accounting for $3.8 billion and productivity losses due to mortality accounting for $2.1 billion. Conclusion: The current study finds that the estimated costs of asthma are substantial, which stresses the necessity for research and policy to work toward reducing the economic burden of asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:145-52.) C1 [Barnett, Sarah Beth L.; Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barnett, SBL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hun8@cdc.gov FU Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Energy; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; OakRidge Institute for Science and Education FX Supported by the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; S. B. L. Barnett has received research support from the OakRidge Institute for Science and Education. T. A. Nurmagambetov has declared no conflict of interest. NR 82 TC 235 Z9 243 U1 7 U2 42 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.020 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 702SY UT WOS:000285917300021 PM 21211649 ER PT J AU Warren-Jeanpiere, L Jones, S Sutton, MY AF Warren-Jeanpiere, Lari Jones, Sandra Sutton, Madeline Y. TI Health Administrator Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Prevention and Services at Historically Black Colleges and Universities SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE African American; college students; HBCUs; HIV prevention ID STUDENTS; HIV/AIDS AB Objective: Due to the disproportionate impact of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among African American young adults, the authors explored (1) number of historically black college and university (HBCU) campuses with existing HIV prevention policies and services and (2) perceived barriers for implementing HIV prevention services. Methods: Semistructured telephone surveys were conducted with health administrators from 25 HBCUs. Results: Twenty-four of 25 (96%) health administrators responded. Twelve of 24 administrators (50%) reported having no formal HIV prevention policies or services on campus, 11 of 24 (46%) described having formal HIV prevention policies and services (eg, condom distribution, HIV testing), and 1 was unsure. Seven of 11 (64%) administrators who reported having policies or services indicated that the availability of condoms on campus facilitated HIV/AIDS prevention by promoting safer sex. Perceived barriers to more effectively providing services included negative student attitudes regarding HIV and lack of support from school administration and parents. Conclusion: There are inadequate HIV/AIDS prevention services on some HBCU campuses. C1 [Warren-Jeanpiere, Lari; Sutton, Madeline Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Sandra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sutton, MY (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM msutton@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 327 EP 329 AR PII 933252915 DI 10.1080/07448481.2010.502202 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 719MO UT WOS:000287209100014 PM 21308594 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Alexander, JR Sosnoff, CS McGuffey, JE AF Bernert, John T. Alexander, Joseph R. Sosnoff, Connie S. McGuffey, James E. TI Time Course of Nicotine and Cotinine Incorporation into Samples of Nonsmokers' Beard Hair Following a Single Dose of Nicotine Polacrilex SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PASSIVE SMOKING; EXPOSURE; BIOMARKERS; CHILDREN; INFANTS C1 [Bernert, John T.; Alexander, Joseph R.; Sosnoff, Connie S.; McGuffey, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jtb2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 708HE UT WOS:000286352100001 PM 21219696 ER PT J AU Latzman, NE Viljoen, JL Scalora, MJ Ullman, D AF Latzman, Natasha E. Viljoen, Jodi L. Scalora, Mario J. Ullman, Daniel TI Sexual Offending in Adolescence: A Comparison of Sibling Offenders and Nonsibling Offenders across Domains of Risk and Treatment Need SO JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE LA English DT Article DE sexual abuse; adolescent sexual offending; sibling; incest; family violence; risk assessment ID INCEST OFFENDERS; MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPY; CHILD-ABUSE; RECIDIVISM; METAANALYSIS; VIOLENCE; PSYCHOPATHY; FAMILY; YOUTH; DEVIANCE AB Sibling sexual offending has received limited empirical attention, despite estimates that approximately half of all adolescent-perpetrated sexual offenses involve a sibling victim. The present study addresses this gap by examining male adolescent sibling (n = 100) and nonsibling offenders (n = 66) with regard to maltreatment histories and scores on two adolescent risk/need assessment instruments, the ERASOR and YLS/CMI. Adolescents who sexually abused a sibling, versus a nonsibling, were more likely to have histories of sexual abuse and been exposed to domestic violence and pornography. There were no group differences on ERASOR and YLS/CMI scales. This study adds to the limited discourse on sibling sexual offending and the larger literature on the heterogeneity of adolescents who have sexually offended. C1 [Scalora, Mario J.] Univ Nebraska, Clin Psychol Training Program, Lincoln, NE USA. [Viljoen, Jodi L.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ullman, Daniel] Lincoln Reg Ctr, Whitehall Sex Offender Program, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Latzman, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM khq3@cdc.gov RI Viljoen, Jodi/A-4992-2013 NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1053-8712 J9 J CHILD SEX ABUS JI J. Child Sex. Abus. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 245 EP 263 AR PII 937955640 DI 10.1080/10538712.2011.571233 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 775WG UT WOS:000291493600001 PM 21660813 ER PT J AU Feng, YY Yang, WL Ryan, U Zhang, LX Kvac, M Koudela, B Modry, D Li, N Fayer, R Xiao, LH AF Feng, Yaoyu Yang, Wenli Ryan, Una Zhang, Longxian Kvac, Martin Koudela, Bretislav Modry, David Li, Na Fayer, Ronald Xiao, Lihua TI Development of a Multilocus Sequence Tool for Typing Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium andersoni SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; NATURAL INFECTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; KENYA AB Although widely used for the characterization of the transmission of intestinal Cryptosporidium spp., genotyping tools are not available for C. muris and C. andersoni, two of the most common gastric Cryptosporidium spp. infecting mammals. In this study, we screened the C. muris whole-genome sequencing data for microsatellite and minisatellite sequences. Among the 13 potential loci (6 microsatellite and 7 minisatellite loci) evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing, 4 were eventually chosen. DNA sequence analyses of 27 C. muris and 17 C. andersoni DNA preparations showed the presence of 5 to 10 subtypes of C. muris and 1 to 4 subtypes of C. andersoni at each locus. Altogether, 11 C. muris and 7 C. andersoni multilocus sequence typing (MLST) subtypes were detected among the 16 C. muris and 12 C. andersoni specimens successfully sequenced at all four loci. In all analyses, the C. muris isolate (TS03) that originated from an East African mole rat differed significantly from other C. muris isolates, approaching the extent of genetic differences between C. muris and C. andersoni. Thus, an MLST technique was developed for the high-resolution typing of C. muris and C. andersoni. It should be useful for the characterization of the population genetics and transmission of gastric Cryptosporidium spp. C1 [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Yang, Wenli; Li, Na; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ryan, Una] Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Zhang, Longxian] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Kvac, Martin; Koudela, Bretislav; Modry, David] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Koudela, Bretislav; Modry, David] Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Parasitol, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. [Li, Na] Tongji Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200295, Peoples R China. [Li, Na] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, YY (reprint author), E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. EM yyfeng@ecust.edu.cn; lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014; Kvac, Martin/G-7299-2014; Modry, David/G-7815-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Kvac, Martin/0000-0003-0013-6090; FU Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [09540704400]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771881, 30928019]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [WB0914044] FX This work was supported in part by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (grant no. 09540704400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30771881 and 30928019), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (grant no. WB0914044). NR 44 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1128/JCM.01329-10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100003 PM 20980577 ER PT J AU Araujo, AC Astrakhantseva, IV Fields, HA Kamili, S AF Araujo, Aufra C. Astrakhantseva, Irina V. Fields, Howard A. Kamili, Saleem TI Distinguishing Acute from Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Based on Antibody Reactivities to Specific HCV Structural and Nonstructural Proteins SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIDITY INDEX; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN AB Currently available serological assays for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) cannot reliably discriminate acute from chronic HCV infection. We developed a multiplexed, flow-cytometric microsphere immunoassay to measure anti-HCV-IgG reactivities to the core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 HCV recombinant proteins and applied it to 99 serum samples from 24 anti-HCV seroconverters and 141 anti-HCV-IgG and HCV RNA-positive plasma specimens from chronically infected people. Differences in the geometric means or means of signal/cutoff ratios between the two sample sets were statistically significant for all the antigens tested. A multivariate logistic regression model correctly classified the samples in two groups, with a cross-validation accuracy of 90.8% for the acute group and 97.2% for the chronic group. The immunoassay described has the potential to distinguish acute from chronic HCV infection. C1 [Araujo, Aufra C.; Astrakhantseva, Irina V.; Fields, Howard A.; Kamili, Saleem] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Astrakhantseva, Irina V.] RPC Diagnost Syst, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Araujo, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Branch Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AAraujo@cdc.gov; SKamili@cdc.gov RI Astrakhantseva, Irina/D-4267-2015 OI Astrakhantseva, Irina/0000-0002-2210-9926 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1128/JCM.01064-10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100006 PM 21084519 ER PT J AU Reasonover, A Zulz, T Bruce, MG Bruden, D Jette, L Kaltoft, M Lambertsen, L Parkinson, A Rudolph, K Lovgren, M AF Reasonover, A. Zulz, T. Bruce, M. G. Bruden, D. Jette, L. Kaltoft, M. Lambertsen, L. Parkinson, A. Rudolph, K. Lovgren, M. TI The International Circumpolar Surveillance Interlaboratory Quality Control Program for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1999 to 2008 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSURANCE SYSTEM; LABORATORIES; EUROPE AB The International Circumpolar Surveillance (ICS) Program was initiated in 1999 to conduct population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease in select regions of the Arctic. An interlaboratory quality control (QC) program for pneumococcal serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing was incorporated into ICS by reference laboratories in northern Canada (Laboratoire de Sante Publique du Quebec [LSPQ] in Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec; National Centre for Streptococcus [NCS] in Edmonton, Alberta) and Alaska (Arctic Investigations Program [AIP]). The World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Pneumococci at the Statens Serum Institute (SSI) in Copenhagen, Denmark, joined the QC program in 2004. The Iceland Reference Laboratory (IRL) in Reykjavik, Iceland, joined the QC program in 2006, but due to small sample sizes, data from IRL are not included in this report. From 1999 through 2008, 190 isolates were distributed among four laboratories (AIP, NCS, LSPQ, and SSI). The overall serotype concordance was 95.8%, and the overall serogroup concordance was 97.4%. The overall modal MIC concordance for testing by broth microdilution (BMD) and agar dilution was >96% for all the antibiotics except erythromycin (92.1%) and clindamycin (89.5%). MIC comparisons between the Etest and BMD resulted in lower concordance for erythromycin (73.9%), clindamycin (65.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%); however, categorical concordance (susceptible, resistant) remained high at 98.6%, 89.1%, and 90.9%, respectively. Our data demonstrate a high degree of correlation of serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results between four participating laboratories. C1 [Reasonover, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis,CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lovgren, M.] Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jette, L.] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Lab Sante Publ Quebec, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Kaltoft, M.; Lambertsen, L.] Statens Serum Inst, Neisseria & Streptococcus Reference Lab, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Reasonover, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis,CDC, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM adr3@cdc.gov OI Lambertsen, Lotte/0000-0001-6409-6337 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1128/JCM.01238-10 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100018 PM 21048017 ER PT J AU Satola, SW Farley, MM Anderson, KF Patel, JB AF Satola, Sarah W. Farley, Monica M. Anderson, Karen F. Patel, Jean B. TI Comparison of Detection Methods for Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, with the Population Analysis Profile Method as the Reference Method SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; HETEROGENEOUSLY RESISTANT; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; TEICOPLANIN RESISTANCE; TREATMENT FAILURE; STRAINS; BACTEREMIA; FEATURES; MRSA AB Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with vancomycin MICs of 2 mu g/ml have been associated with vancomycin therapeutic failure and the heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) phenotype. A population analysis profile (PAP) with an area under the curve (AUC) ratio of >= 0.9 for the AUC of the clinical isolate versus the AUC for hVISA strain Mu3 is most often used for determining hVISA, but it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. A collection of 140 MRSA blood isolates with vancomycin MICs of 2 mu g/ml by reference broth microdilution and screened for hVISA using PAP-AUC (21/140 [15%] hVISA) were tested by additional methods to detect hVISA. The methods included (i) Etest macromethod using vancomycin and teicoplanin test strips, brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, and a 2.0 McFarland inoculum; (ii) Etest glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD) using vancomycin-teicoplanin double-sided gradient test strips on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) with 5% sheep blood and a 0.5 McFarland inoculum; and (iii) BHI screen agar plates containing 4 mu g/ml vancomycin and 16 g/liter casein using 0.5 and 2.0 McFarland inocula. Each method was evaluated using PAP-AUC as the reference method. The sensitivity of each method for detecting hVISA was higher when the results were read at 48 h. The Etest macromethod was 57% sensitive and 96% specific, Etest GRD was 57% sensitive and 97% specific, and BHI screen agar was 90% sensitive and 95% specific with a 0.5 McFarland inoculum and 100% sensitive and 68% specific with a 2.0 McFarland inoculum. BHI screen agar with 4 mu g/ml vancomycin and casein and a 0.5 McFarland inoculum had the best sensitivity and specificity combination, was easy to perform, and may be useful for clinical detection of hVISA. C1 [Satola, Sarah W.; Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Satola, Sarah W.; Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anderson, Karen F.; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Satola, SW (reprint author), Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Res 151,1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM ssatola@emory.edu FU CDC FX Financial support for this study was from CDC's Emerging Infections Program. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1128/JCM.01128-10 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100024 PM 21048008 ER PT J AU Rudolph, KM DeByle, C Reasonover, A Zulz, T Law, DKS Zhou, JW Tsang, RSW AF Rudolph, Karen M. DeByle, Carolynn Reasonover, Alisa Zulz, Tammy Law, Dennis K. S. Zhou, Jianwei Tsang, Raymond S. W. TI Invasive Meningococcal Disease Caused by Neisseria meningitidis Strains Expressing Both Serogroup Y and W-135 Antigenic Specificities SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID IDENTIFICATION; CANADA; PCR C1 [Rudolph, Karen M.; DeByle, Carolynn; Reasonover, Alisa; Zulz, Tammy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Law, Dennis K. S.; Zhou, Jianwei; Tsang, Raymond S. W.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. RP Rudolph, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM raymond.tsang@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1128/JCM.01995-10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100078 PM 21068280 ER PT J AU Ulirsch, G Orloff, K Alexanian, D Allen-Lewis, S Fagliano, J Langmann, DM Larson, K Miles, D Prohonic, E Telfer, J Robinson, S Turner, MM Berkowitz, J AF Ulirsch, Gregory Orloff, Ken Alexanian, Dan Allen-Lewis, Sylvia Fagliano, Jerald Langmann, Danielle M. Larson, Karen Miles, Donald Prohonic, Elizabeth Telfer, Jana Robinson, Susan Turner, Monique Mitchell Berkowitz, Judy TI Developing New Hazard Category Language for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Public Health Assessment Products SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allen-Lewis, Sylvia] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Community Involvement Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allen-Lewis, S (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Community Involvement Team, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop F-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAllen-Lewis@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 73 IS 6 SI SI BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708LR UT WOS:000286363800011 PM 21306098 ER PT J AU Gerding, J Kunz, J AF Gerding, Justin Kunz, Jasen TI Putting Theory Into Practice-CDC's Summer Program in Environmental Health (SUPEH) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB NEHA strives to provide up-to-date and relevant information on environmental health and to build partnerships in the profession. In pursuit of these goals, we feature a column from the Environmental Health Services Branch (EHSB) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in every issue of the Journal. In this column, EHSB and guest authors from across CDC will highlight a variety of concerns, opportunities, challenges, and successes that we all share in environmental public health. EHSB's objective is to strengthen the role of state, local, and national environmental health programs and professionals to anticipate, identify, and respond to adverse environmental exposures and the consequences of these exposures for human health. The services being developed through EHSB include access to topical, relevant, and scientific information; consultation; and assistance to environmental health specialists, sanitarians, and environmental health professionals and practitioners. The conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. LCDR Justin Gerding and LCDR Jasen Kunz are environmental health officers in EHSB. They serve as supervisors for the CDC Summer Program in Environmental Health. C1 [Gerding, Justin] CDC, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gerding, J (reprint author), CDC, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JGerding@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 73 IS 6 SI SI BP 96 EP 98 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708LR UT WOS:000286363800014 PM 21306101 ER PT J AU Kaneshiro, ES Cushion, MT Marciano-Cabral, F Weiss, LM Xiao, LH AF Kaneshiro, Edna S. Cushion, Melanie T. Marciano-Cabral, Francine Weiss, Louis M. Xiao, Lihua TI Highlights and Summaries of the 11th International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; Blastocystis; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Microsporidia; Pneumocystis; Toxoplasma AB The 11th in the series of International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP-11) was held in August 2010 on the Big Island of Hawaii. These meetings are devoted to agents of infections that cause serious problems in AIDS patients and other individuals with defective immune systems. International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists serves as a forum for exchange of current research information on Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidium and the Microsporidia, Toxoplasma, free-living amoebae, kinetoplastid flagellates and other pathogens that are particularly pathogenic in immunodeficient hosts. Studies on interactions between host and pathogen, especially host responses, were highlighted in this year's symposium. The lack of in vitro cultivation methods for luxuriant growth of Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidium and the Enterocytozoon bieneusi remains a major hindrance to understanding the basic biology of these organisms and precludes genetic manipulations. However, slow but steady progress is being achieved by hard work including data mining of some completed or partially completed genome sequencing of several IWOP organisms. Of great concern is evidence for dramatic decline in research funding for these pathogens and the lack of appreciation by the larger scientific community concerning the state of art and challenges faced by researchers working on these organisms that can provide critical insight into emerging and reemerging pathogens. C1 [Kaneshiro, Edna S.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cushion, Melanie T.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Marciano-Cabral, Francine] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Weiss, Louis M.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaneshiro, ES (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM edna.kaneshiro@mail.uc.edu RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU University of Hawaii at Hilo [R13AI078718]; Burroughs-Wellcome Fund; NIH [RO1AI064084, RO1AI31788]; USA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R13AI078718] FX Chao-Hung Lee, Olga Matos, Anthony Sinai, and Eric Villegas, are thanked for constructive suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript. Eleventh International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists was co-sponsored by The University of Hawaii at Hilo with support the USA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R13AI078718) and Burroughs-Wellcome Fund, and contributions from Romark Laboratories Inc., and Waterborne Inc. Preparation of this article was supported in part by grants RO1AI064084 (E. S. K.), RO1AI31788 (L. M. W.), from the NIH. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00515.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 700SM UT WOS:000285764600001 PM 21129083 ER PT J AU Cox, N Donis, R Barr, JR AF Cox, Nancy Donis, Ruben Barr, John R. TI Exposure science for viral diseases: 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cox, Nancy; Donis, Ruben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.52 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 696PF UT WOS:000285452900001 PM 21102649 ER PT J AU Howard, J Middendorf, P AF Howard, John Middendorf, Paul TI Response to 'Exposure science will not increase protection of workers from asbestos-caused diseases: NIOSH fails to provide needed public health action and leadership' SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Howard, John] CDC, NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. [Middendorf, Paul] CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. EM pkm2@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 116 EP 116 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.54 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 696PF UT WOS:000285452900014 ER PT J AU Shenson, D Adams, M Bolen, J Anderson, L AF Shenson, Douglas Adams, Mary Bolen, Julie Anderson, Lynda TI Routine checkups don't ensure that seniors get preventive services SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH CHECKS; TIME; COMMUNITY; CANCER; DELIVERY; BARRIERS; CLINICS; DISEASE AB Background A small number of preventive services are recommended for all adults ages 65 years and older. It is well established that the combined delivery or being "up to date" on these measures is low. However, the effect of routine checkups on being up to date is not known. We examined the association between routine checkups and the delivery of a group of recommended clinical preventive services for US adults ages 65 and older. Methods c In 2006 the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System conducted telephone surveys. Participants ages 65 years and older were randomly selected in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Sample sizes were 32,243 male respondents and 58,762 female respondents. A composite measure was used that includes screening for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancers, and vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcal disease. The measure quantifies the percentage of adults who are up to date according to recommended schedules. Results Most adults ages 65 and older were fully insured, had a personal health care provider, reported no cost barrier to seeing a doctor in the past year, and had recently received a routine checkup. Associations between high health care access and checkups and the increased likelihood of being up to date on clinical preventive services were statistically significant. Although a large percent-age of the population had high access to care and reported having a recent checkup, the percentage of all those who were up to date was low, and it was only slightly greater for those with high access or a recent checkup (42.6%, 45.1%, and 44.8%, respectively, for men; 35.2%, 37.0%, and 36.8%, respectively for women). For both sexes, the results varied by education, race/ethnicity, marriage, insurance, health, and state. Conclusions Our study indicates that increasing the use of routine medical checkups will have a negligible impact on the delivery of preventive services. C1 [Bolen, Julie; Anderson, Lynda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shenson, D (reprint author), 76 Prince St, Newton, MA 02465 USA. EM dshenson@sparc-health.org FU CDC FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Funding for this research was provided by the CDC. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP E1 EP E10 PG 10 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 797JS UT WOS:000293121300001 PM 21209970 ER PT J AU Johnson, SE Baur, C Meissner, HI AF Johnson, Sarah E. Baur, Cynthia Meissner, Helen I. TI Back to Basics: Why Basic Research Is Needed to Create Effective Health Literacy Interventions SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB Limited health literacy is increasingly recognized as a public health problem. Growing recognition of the problem-and the need for solutions-creates an imperative for the field of health literacy research to identify effective interventions. The National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy (U. S. DHHS, 2010) recommends increased basic research in health literacy. This paper elaborates on this call by explicating what is meant by basic research and describing several of the ways in which basic research will benefit the field of health literacy research and, particularly, progress toward designing successful interventions. C1 [Johnson, Sarah E.; Meissner, Helen I.] NIH, US Dept HHS, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Baur, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Off Associate Director Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meissner, HI (reprint author), NIH, US Dept HHS, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, 31 Ctr Dr,Bldg 31,Room B1C19, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM meissneh@od.nih.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2011 VL 16 SU 3 SI SI BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1080/10810730.2011.604707 PG 8 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 887TI UT WOS:000299952500006 PM 21951241 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Sapsis, KF Stokley, S Curtis, CR Gust, D AF Kennedy, Allison Sapsis, Karena F. Stokley, Shannon Curtis, C. Robinette Gust, Deborah TI Parental Attitudes Toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Evaluation of an Educational Intervention, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HPV VACCINATION; HEALTH; ACCEPTANCE; VACCINES; COMMUNICATION; ACCEPTABILITY; IMMUNIZATIONS; INFORMATION; DAUGHTERS AB The authors' objectives were to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine educational materials and to determine whether parents who received those materials had improved attitudes about the vaccine. Pretests were sent to 411 parents of girls 11-18 years of age who had not yet received the HPV vaccine. The authors then randomly assigned 270 respondents to an intervention (educational flyer and posttest) or comparison (posttest only) group. The authors conducted a mixed-method analysis of intervention group feedback on improving the flyer and used paired t tests and analysis of covariance to describe within- and between-group attitude changes. The overall posttest response rate was 76%. Among intervention group respondents (n = 131), 88% had a positive impression of the flyer, and 43% reported that it made them more likely to vaccinate their daughters with HPV vaccine in the future. Parents who received the flyer also showed a statistically significant increase in mean attitude scores regarding perceived HPV vaccine safety and access to HPV vaccine information; mean scores also increased among the comparison group, but the changes were not statistically significant. Educational materials improved HPV vaccine knowledge and attitudes among parents and might have helped motivate some parents to have their daughters vaccinated. C1 [Kennedy, Allison; Stokley, Shannon; Curtis, C. Robinette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sapsis, Karena F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Sci Off, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gust, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akennedy@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 300 EP 313 DI 10.1080/10810730.2010.532296 PG 14 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 730WD UT WOS:000288065600006 PM 21161814 ER PT J AU Davis, KC Uhrig, J Rupert, D Fraze, J Goetz, J Slater, M AF Davis, Kevin C. Uhrig, Jennifer Rupert, Douglas Fraze, Jami Goetz, Joshua Slater, Michael TI Effectiveness of a Mass Media Campaign in Promoting HIV Testing Information Seeking Among African American Women SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNS; SMOKING PREVALENCE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; YOUTH AB "Take Charge. Take the Test." (TCTT), a media campaign promoting HIV testing among African American women, was piloted in Cleveland and Philadelphia from October 2006 to October 2007. This study assesses TCTT's effectiveness in promoting HIV testing information seeking among target audiences in each pilot city. The authors analyzed data on telephone hotlines promoted by the campaign and the www.hivtest.org Web site to examine trends in hotline calls and testing location searches before, during, and after the campaign. Cleveland hotline data were available from October 1, 2005, through February 28, 2008, for a total of 29 months (N = 126 weeks). Philadelphia hotline data were available from May 1, 2006, through February 28, 2008, for a total of 22 months (N = 96 weeks). The authors assessed the relation between market-level measures of the campaign's advertising activities and trends in hotline call volume and testing location searches. They found a significant relation between measures of TCTT advertising and hotline calls. Specifically, they found that increases in advertising gross ratings points were associated with increases in call volume, controlling for caller demographics and geographic location. The campaign had similar effects on HIV testing location searches. Overall, it appears the campaign generated significant increases in HIV information seeking. Results are consistent with other studies that have evaluated the effects of media campaigns on similar forms of information seeking. This study illustrates useful methods for evaluating campaign effects on information seeking with data on media implementation, hotline calls, and zip code-based searches for testing locations. C1 [Davis, Kevin C.; Uhrig, Jennifer; Rupert, Douglas; Goetz, Joshua] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Fraze, Jami] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Slater, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Davis, KC (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kcdavis@rti.org RI Slater, Michael/A-5450-2011 OI Slater, Michael/0000-0003-4279-346X FU PHS HHS [200-2006-F-18532] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1024 EP 1039 DI 10.1080/10810730.2011.571342 PG 16 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 876SF UT WOS:000299127300008 PM 21707409 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A AF Srinivasan, Arjun TI Engaging Hospitalists in Antimicrobial Stewardship: The CDC Perspective SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE antimicrobial stewardship; Clostridium difficile; length of stay; quality improvement ID ANTIBIOTIC USE; PROGRAM; COST; RESISTANCE; IMPACT AB There has never been a more important time to promote efforts to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals. The growing challenges of C. difficile infections and antimicrobial resistance can both be addressed, at least in part, through so called "antimicrobial stewardship" efforts. Data suggest that when the right antibiotics are prescribed at the right dose for the right durations patient outcomes are improved and healthcare dollars are saved. That improving antibiotic use is a win-win-win is not in question; what remains to be determined is how best to ensure that these efforts are implemented in all hospitals. I believe that hospitalists must play an important role in advancing antimicrobial stewardship. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:S31-S33. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Beu8@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1553-5592 J9 J HOSP MED JI J. Hosp. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 SU 1 BP S31 EP S33 DI 10.1002/jhm.863 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 709ZY UT WOS:000286481300005 PM 21225948 ER PT J AU Sheu, TG Fry, AM Garten, RJ Deyde, VM Shwe, T Bullion, L Peebles, PJ Li, Y Klimov, AI Gubareva, LV AF Sheu, Tiffany G. Fry, Alicia M. Garten, Rebecca J. Deyde, Varough M. Shwe, Thein Bullion, Lesley Peebles, Patrick J. Li, Yan Klimov, Alexander I. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Dual Resistance to Adamantanes and Oseltamivir Among Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses: 2008-2010 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMANTADINE; COUNTRIES; AUSTRALIA AB Two distinct genetic clades of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses have cocirculated in the recent seasons: clade 2B oseltamivir-resistant and adamantane-susceptible viruses, and clade 2C viruses that are resistant to adamantanes and susceptible to oseltamivir. We tested seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses collected in 2008-2010 from the United States and globally for resistance to antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration. We report 28 viruses with both adamantane and oseltamivir (dual) resistance from 5 countries belonging to 4 distinct genotypes. Because of limited options for antiviral treatment, emergence of dual-resistant influenza viruses poses a public health concern, and their circulation needs to be closely monitored. C1 [Sheu, Tiffany G.; Fry, Alicia M.; Garten, Rebecca J.; Deyde, Varough M.; Peebles, Patrick J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sheu, Tiffany G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shwe, Thein] W Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA. [Bullion, Lesley] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Li, Yan] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgubareva@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work is supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 203 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiq005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 699QI UT WOS:000285677500005 PM 21148491 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Zeng, H Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Zeng, Hui Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Infection With Highly Pathogenic H7 Influenza Viruses Results in an Attenuated Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Response Early After Infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUSES; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LETHAL INFECTION; HUMAN ALVEOLAR; HUMAN-DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; HONG-KONG; HUMAN MXA; HUMANS; DEATH AB Avian influenza A viruses of the H7 subtype have resulted in more than 100 cases of human infection since 2002. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7 viruses have the capacity to cause severe respiratory disease and even death; however, the induction of the human innate immune response to H7 virus infection has not been well characterized. To better understand H7 virus pathogenesis in the human respiratory tract, we employed a polarized human bronchial epithelial cell model and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we show that infection with HPAI H7 viruses resulted in a delayed and weakened production of cytokines, including the type I interferon response, compared with infections of other influenza A subtypes, including H7 viruses of low pathogenicity. These studies revealed that H7 viruses vary greatly in their ability to activate host innate responses and may contribute to the virulence of these viruses observed in humans. C1 [Tumpey, Terrence M.] CDC, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), CDC, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-16, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM ttumpey@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 203 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiq018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 699QI UT WOS:000285677500009 PM 21148495 ER PT J AU Karch, D Nunn, KC AF Karch, Debra Nunn, Kelly Cole TI Characteristics of Elderly and Other Vulnerable Adult Victims of Homicide by a Caregiver: National Violent Death Reporting System-17 US States, 2003-2007 SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE domestic violence; elder abuse; intergenerational transmission of trauma ID OLDER; SUICIDE; WOMEN AB Homicides of dependent elderly and nonelderly adults by their caregivers violate trust and have long-term consequences for families. A better understanding of the characteristics of homicide by caregivers may provide insights that can inform prevention efforts. Data collected in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) between 2003 and 2007 are used to characterize victims, perpetrators, and caregiver roles, and circumstances that precipitated homicides by a caregiver. A total 68 incidents are categorized into either homicide by neglect (n = 17), intentional injury of the victim only (n = 21), or homicide followed by suicide of the perpetrator (n = 30). Demographics, mechanism of injury, location of injury, and victim-suspect relationship variables are supplemented by narrative accounts of incidents. In general, findings show that adult homicide victims of a caregiver were widowed (42.6%), non-Hispanic (97.1%), White (88.2%), women (63.2%) killed in their homes (92.6%) with a firearm (35.3%) or by intentional neglect (25.0%) by a husband (30.9%) or a son (22.1%). Nearly half were aged 80 years and older (48.5%), 42.6% were aged 50 to 79 years, and 0.9% were aged 20 to 49 years. Many homicide by caregiver incidents are precipitated by physical illness of the victim or caregiver, opportunity for perpetrator financial gain, mental illness of the caregiver, substance use by the caregiver, or an impending crisis in the life of the caregiver not related to illness. Understanding the vulnerabilities of victims, the characteristics of suspects, and the multiple types of motivations is key to developing effective prevention efforts. C1 [Karch, Debra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nunn, Kelly Cole] Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, KRDP, Frankfort, KY 40621 USA. RP Karch, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVP, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKarch@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 137 EP 157 DI 10.1177/0886260510362890 PG 21 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 700FB UT WOS:000285722300008 PM 20442452 ER PT J AU Basile, KC Hall, JE AF Basile, Kathleen C. Hall, Jeffrey E. TI Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration by Court-Ordered Men: Distinctions and Intersections Among Physical Violence, Sexual Violence, Psychological Abuse, and Stalking SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; perpetration; stalking ID HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS; MODELS; WOMEN AB This study assessed the construct validity of two different measurement models of male partners' perpetration of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological abuse, and stalking against intimate partners. Data were obtained from a sample of 340 men arrested for physical assault of a female spouse or partner and court ordered into batterer intervention programs. Men were surveyed before starting the intervention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare the construct validity of a four-factor measurement model of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration to a three-factor measurement model that combined psychological abuse with stalking; overlap in the perpetration of the various forms of IPV was also examined. CFA results supported the superiority of a four-factor measurement model. There were 96.8% of participants who reported perpetration of all four types of violence; most men perpetrated multiple types of violence. Future studies should determine whether there are distinct risk factors associated with each of the four types of IPV perpetration. C1 [Basile, Kathleen C.; Hall, Jeffrey E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop F64,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kbasile@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 230 EP 253 DI 10.1177/0886260510362896 PG 24 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 717DW UT WOS:000287024500002 PM 20410373 ER PT J AU Martin, CK Richardson, LC Berkman, ND Kuo, TM Yuen, AN Benard, VB AF Martin, Carolyn K. Richardson, Lisa C. Berkman, Nancy D. Kuo, Tzy-Mey Yuen, Andrea N. Benard, Vicki B. TI Impact of the 2002 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Diagnosis in a Geographically Diverse Population of Commercially Insured Women, 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF LOWER GENITAL TRACT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer diagnosis; ASCCP guidelines ID ABNORMAL PAP TESTS; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH PLAN; CARE; RATES; INTERVENTIONS; ADHERENCE AB Objective. To report the impact of the release of the 2002 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines on the management of abnormal cytological findings on time to diagnosis of cervical cancer in an insured population. Methods. This retrospective study identified women with cervical cancer (invasive and carcinoma in situ) through commercially insured administrative claims data. The cervical cancer case definition required a claim for cervical cancer and a claim with a diagnostic procedure (colposcopy, conization, biopsy, or hysterectomy). Time to diagnosis was defined as days between the initial Pap screening and the diagnostic procedure. Results. Between 1999 and 2004, there were 3,325 women aged 18 to 64 years who met the case definition for cervical cancer. Median time to diagnosis decreased from 42 days (interquartile range = 23-93 d) to 36.5 days (interquartile range = 20.5-80 d) for women with invasive cancer after the guideline change. The number of follow-up Pap screenings before biopsy also decreased (p = .0067). Among women with carcinoma in situ whose initial Pap screening was completed by a family practice clinician, time to diagnosis was projected to be more than 9 days longer compared with those whose screening was performed by a gynecologist. Conclusions. The 2002 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines for the management of abnormal cytological findings seem to have had a positive impact on the time to diagnosis and Pap screening use before biopsy for women diagnosed with cervical cancer. C1 [Richardson, Lisa C.; Benard, Vicki B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Martin, Carolyn K.] Ctr Hlth Care Policy & Evaluat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Berkman, Nancy D.; Kuo, Tzy-Mey; Yuen, Andrea N.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdb9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1089-2591 J9 J LOW GENIT TRACT DI JI J. Low. Genit. Tract. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3c2b PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 700UZ UT WOS:000285771100006 PM 21192173 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Luque, L Karlsen, R Bonander, J AF Fernandez-Luque, Luis Karlsen, Randi Bonander, Jason TI Review of Extracting Information From the Social Web for Health Personalization SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Medical informatics; Internet, information storage and retrieval; online systems; health communication; data mining; natural language processing ID PRO-ANOREXIA; INTERNET; MODELS; SYSTEM; COMMUNICATION; HYPERMEDIA; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIORS; HYPERTEXT; MYSPACE AB In recent years the Web has come into its own as a social platform where health consumers are actively creating and consuming Web content. Moreover, as the Web matures, consumers are gaining access to personalized applications adapted to their health needs and interests. The creation of personalized Web applications relies on extracted information about the users and the content to personalize. The Social Web itself provides many sources of information that can be used to extract information for personalization apart from traditional Web forms and questionnaires. This paper provides a review of different approaches for extracting information from the Social Web for health personalization. We reviewed research literature across different fields addressing the disclosure of health information in the Social Web, techniques to extract that information, and examples of personalized health applications. In addition, the paper includes a discussion of technical and socioethical challenges related to the extraction of information for health personalization. C1 [Fernandez-Luque, Luis; Karlsen, Randi] No Res Inst, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Karlsen, Randi] Univ Tromso, Dept Comp Sci, Tromso, Norway. [Bonander, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Knowledge Management, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fernandez-Luque, L (reprint author), No Res Inst, Postboks 6434 Forskningspk, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. EM luis.luque@norut.no RI Fernandez-Luque, Luis/C-6723-2011 OI Fernandez-Luque, Luis/0000-0001-8165-9904 FU Research Council of Norway [174934] FX We would like to thank the reviewers and our colleagues for their very useful comments, which helped to improve this paper. This project belongs to the Tromso Telemedicine Laboratory cofunded by the Research Council of Norway, project 174934. NR 109 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC PI TORONTO PA 59 WINNERS CIRCLE, TORONTO, ON M4L 3Y7, CANADA SN 1438-8871 J9 J MED INTERNET RES JI J. Med. Internet Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 138 EP 152 AR e15 DI 10.2196/jmir.1432 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 722PP UT WOS:000287447100011 PM 21278049 ER PT J AU Supapol, WB Remis, RS Raboud, J Millson, M Tappero, J Kaul, R Kulkarni, P McConne, MS Mock, PA McNicholl, JM Roongpisuthipong, A Chotpitayasunondh, T Shaffer, N Butera, S AF Supapol, Wendy Bhanich Remis, Robert S. Raboud, Janet Millson, Margaret Tappero, Jordan Kaul, Rupert Kulkarni, Prasad McConne, Michelle S. Mock, Philip A. McNicholl, Janet M. Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Shaffer, Nathan Butera, Salvatore TI Prevalence and Correlates of GB Virus C Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Pregnant Women in Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GBV-C; HIV coinfection; risk factors; pregnant women; Thailand ID HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; C/HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-INFANT; 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION SEQUENCES; BLOOD-DONORS; CHILD TRANSMISSION; C/HGV INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; RNA; PROGRESSION AB GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV-C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV-infected and 332 HIV-uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV-C RNA, GBV-C antibody, and if RNA-positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV-C infection (defined as presence of GBV-C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV-C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV-C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV-C infection was 33% among HIV-infected women and 15% among HIV-uninfected women. GBV-C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% Cl) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent-1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22-2.08], 3-10 partners [1.92, 1.39-2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33-3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12-14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58-5.59). Clearance of GBV-C RNA among women with evidence of GBV-C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20-29 [2.01, 1.06-3.79] and >= 30 [3.18, 1.53-6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38-6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14-0.59). This study found that GBV-C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33-44, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Supapol, Wendy Bhanich; Remis, Robert S.; Raboud, Janet; Millson, Margaret] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Raboud, Janet; Kaul, Rupert] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tappero, Jordan; McConne, Michelle S.; Shaffer, Nathan] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, CDC, Global AIDS Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Tappero, Jordan; Shaffer, Nathan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kaul, Rupert] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Fac Med, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Kulkarni, Prasad; McNicholl, Janet M.; Butera, Salvatore] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Supapol, WB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, 155 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. EM supapol@cogeco.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [HP 64515]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [5 R21 AI060538]; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Grant number: HP 64515; Grant sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Grant number: 5 R21 AI060538; Grant sponsor: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0146-6615 EI 1096-9071 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1002/jmv.21946 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 686YL UT WOS:000284738100006 ER PT J AU Lee, KN Ye, Y Carr, JH Karem, K D'Souza, MJ AF Lee, K. N. Ye, Y. Carr, J. H. Karem, K. D'Souza, M. J. TI Formulation, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of Ofloxacin-loaded albumin microparticles and nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE Fluoroquinolone; microparticles; nanoparticles; spray dryer; HPMCAS; hypromellose acetate succinate ID DRUG-DELIVERY; JOINT CARTILAGE; RATS AB Albumin microparticles containing Ofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone derivative commonly used in hospitals) were formulated by the spray dry method. By decreasing the pump feed rate or the total polymer concentration, a mixture of albumin/hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) microparticles and nanoparticles (MP/NP), containing Ofloxacin, were formulated. MP/NP were characterized, in vitro (particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency). A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of aqueous Ofloxacin and Ofloxacin-loaded MP/NP, in Balb/c mice, revealed that peak concentrations were reduced in the serum, liver, spleen and brain, and a more sustained release was observed in serum and all of the organs tested for Ofloxacin MP/NP, compared to aqueous Ofloxacin. The MP/NP formulation allowed extended release by 24 h in the liver and more than 48 h in the brain. In serum, the elimination rate of Ofloxacin MP/NP is slower, the half life is longer, area under the plasma concentration time curve is decreased and volume of distribution is increased. C1 [Lee, K. N.; Karem, K.] Ctr Dis Control, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ye, Y.] Ctr Dis Control, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Carr, J. H.] Ctr Dis Control, Clin & Environm Microbiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Lee, K. N.; D'Souza, M. J.] Mercer Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Nanotechnol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lee, KN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kfl0@cdc.gov FU Pharmaceutical Sciences Department at Mercer University FX The authors sincerely thank the Pharmaceutical Sciences Department at Mercer University, Dr Inger Damon, Dr Russell Regnery, Dr Judith Noble-Wang and Dr Jan Pohl, all at CDC, for their support and allowing them to use equipment and materials. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.3109/02652048.2011.569766 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 790BV UT WOS:000292564400004 PM 21736521 ER PT J AU Brown, LP Rospenda, KM Sokas, RK Conroy, L Freels, S Swanson, NG AF Brown, Lezah P. Rospenda, Kathleen M. Sokas, Rosemary K. Conroy, Lorraine Freels, Sally Swanson, Naomi G. TI Evaluating the Association of Workplace Psychosocial Stressors with Occupational Injury, Illness, and Assault SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE generalized workplace harassment; job pressure and threat; occupational injuries; occupational illnesses; psychosocial stress; sexual harassment ID SEXUAL-HARASSMENT; WORK STRESS; JOB DEMANDS; HEALTH; VICTIMIZATION; DRINKING; ABUSE AB This research project characterizes occupational injuries, illnesses, and assaults (OIIAs) as a negative outcome associated with worker exposure to generalized workplace abuse/harassment, sexual harassment, and job threat and pressure. Data were collected in a nationwide random-digit-dial telephone survey conducted during 2003-2004. There were 2151 study interviews conducted in English and Spanish. Analyses included cross tabulation with Pearson's Chi-Square and logistic regression analyses. Three hundred and fifty-one study participants reported having an OIIA during the 12 months preceding the study. Occurrences of generalized workplace harassment (OR = 1.53; CI = 1.33-1.75, p <= 0.05); sexual harassment (OR = 1.18; CI = 1.04-.34, p <= 0.05); and job pressure and threat (OR = 1.26; CI = 1.10-1.45, p <= 0.05) were significantly associated with reporting an OIIA. The psychosocial environment is significantly associated with an increased risk of OIIA. Further research is needed to understand causal pathways and to explore potential interventions. C1 [Brown, Lezah P.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Safety Program, Coll Appl Sci & Technol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Rospenda, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Sokas, Rosemary K.; Conroy, Lorraine] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Freels, Sally] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Swanson, Naomi G.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brown, LP (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Safety Program, Coll Appl Sci & Technol, 306C Felmley Hall,Campus Box 5220, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM Lezah.Brown@ilstu.edu FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [T42/CCT522954-02]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1T01CD000189-01]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [AA013332] FX T he authors would like to thank Dr. Peter Scheff for reading and providing feedback on this article. This research was funded in part by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Training Program Grant #T42/CCT522954-02, the Illinois Public Health Research Fellowship Program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant #1T01CD000189-01, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant #AA013332. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.537985 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 719GI UT WOS:000287189200007 PM 21154106 ER PT J AU Williams, WJ Coca, A Roberge, R Shepherd, A Powell, J Shaffer, RE AF Williams, W. Jon Coca, Aitor Roberge, Raymond Shepherd, Angie Powell, Jeffrey Shaffer, Ronald E. TI Physiological Responses to Wearing a Prototype Firefighter Ensemble Compared with a Standard Ensemble SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE core body temperature; firefighter; heat stress; skin temperature; sweat rates ID FIRE FIGHTERS; HUMAN-BODY; HEAT; EXERCISE; VEST; STRAIN; REDUCTION; STRESS; WORK; AIR AB This study investigated the physiological responses to wearing a standard firefighter ensemble (SE) and a prototype ensemble (PE) modified from the SE that contained additional features, such as magnetic ring enclosures at the glove-sleeve interface, integrated boot-pant interface, integrated hood-SCBA facepiece interface, and a novel hose arrangement that rerouted self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) exhaust gases back into the upper portion of the jacket. Although the features of the PE increased the level of encapsulation of the wearer that could lead to increased physiological stress compared with the SE, it was hypothesized that the rerouted exhaust gases provided by the PE hose assembly would (1) provide convective cooling to the upper torso, (2) reduce the thermal stress experienced by the wearer, and (3) reduce the overall physiological stress imposed by the PE such that it would be either less or not significantly different from the SE. Ten subjects (seven male, three female) performed treadmill exercise in an environmental chamber (22 degrees C, 50% RH) at 50%. (V) over dot O(2max) while wearing either the SE with an SCBA or the PE with an SCBA either with or without the hose attached (designated PEWH and PENH, respectively). Heart rate (HR), rectal and intestinal temperatures (T(re), T(in)), sweat loss, and endurance time were measured. All subjects completed at least 20 min of treadmill exercise during the testing. At the end of exercise, there was no difference in T(re) (p = 0.45) or T(in) (p = 0.42), HR, or total sweat loss between the SE and either PEWH or PENH (p = 0.59). However, T(sk) was greater in PEWH and PENH compared with SE (p < 0.05). Total endurance time in SE was greater than in either PEWH or PENH (p < 0.05). Thus, it was concluded that the rerouting of exhaust gases to the jacket did not provide significant convective cooling or reduce thermal stress compared with the SE under the mild conditions selected, and the data did not support the hypotheses of the present study. C1 [Williams, W. Jon; Coca, Aitor; Roberge, Raymond; Shepherd, Angie; Powell, Jeffrey; Shaffer, Ronald E.] NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Williams, WJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, CDC, POB 18070,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM aun7@cdc.gov RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.538358 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 719GI UT WOS:000287189200009 PM 21154108 ER PT J AU Adetona, O Dunn, K Hall, DB Achtemeier, G Stock, A Naeher, LP AF Adetona, Olorunfemi Dunn, Kevin Hall, Daniel B. Achtemeier, Gary Stock, Allison Naeher, Luke P. TI Personal PM2.5 Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters Working at Prescribed Forest Burns in Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE exposure; firefighters; particulate matter; prescribed burn; wildland; woodsmoke ID SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SMOKE EXPOSURE; MATTER; CALIFORNIA; PULMONARY; SIZE; SYMPTOMS AB This study investigated occupational exposure to wood and vegetative smoke in a group of 28 forest firefighters at prescribed forest burns in a southeastern U. S. forest during the winters of 2003-2005. During burn activities, 203 individual person-day PM2.5 and 149 individual person-day CO samples were collected; during non-burn activities, 37 person-day PM2.5 samples were collected as controls. Time-activity diaries and post-work shift questionnaires were administered to identify factors influencing smoke exposure and to determine how accurately the firefighters' qualitative assessment estimated their personal level of smoke exposure with discrete responses: "none" or "very little," "low," "moderate," "high," and "very high." An average of 6.7 firefighters were monitored per burn, with samples collected on 30 burn days and 7 non-burn days. Size of burn plots ranged from 1-2745 acres (avg = 687.8). Duration of work shift ranged from 6.8-19.4 hr (avg = 10.3 hr) on burn days. Concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 5.9-2673 mu g/m(3) on burn days. Geometric mean PM2.5 exposure was 280 mu g/m(3) (95% CL = 140, 557 mu g/m(3), n = 177) for burn day samples, and 16 mu g/m(3) (95% CL = 10, 26 mu g/m(3), n = 35) on non-burn days. Average measured PM2.5 differed across levels of the firefighters' categorical self-assessments of exposure (p < 0.0001): none to very little = 120 mu g/m(3) (95% CL = 71, 203 mu g/m(3)) and high to very high = 664 mu g/m(3) (95% CL = 373, 1185 mu g/m(3)); p < 0.0001 on burn days). Time-weighted average PM2.5 and personal CO averaged over the run times of PM2.5 pumps were correlated (correlation coefficient estimate, r=0.79; CLs: 0.72, 0.85). Overall occupational exposures to particulate matter were low, but results indicate that exposure could exceed the ACGIH (R)-recommended threshold limit value of 3 mg/m(3) for respirable particulate matter in a few extreme situations. Self-assessed exposure levels agreed with measured concentrations of PM2.5. Correlation analysis shows that either PM2.5 or CO could be used as a surrogate measure of exposure to woodsmoke at prescribed burns. C1 [Adetona, Olorunfemi; Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, EHS Dept, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dunn, Kevin; Stock, Allison] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hall, Daniel B.] Univ Georgia, Franklin Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Achtemeier, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, EHS Dept, Coll Publ Hlth, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lnaeher@gmail.com RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We acknowledge the support of John Blake, Dan Shea, Jason Demas, Mark Frizzel, Paul Linse, and Jeff Prevey of the United States Forest Service and David Macintosh of the Environmental Resource Management Inc., Needham, Massachusetts. Funding was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.595257 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 800PM UT WOS:000293375400006 PM 21762011 ER PT J AU Curwin, B Bertke, S AF Curwin, Brian Bertke, Steve TI Exposure Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Workplace SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE exposure; metal oxide; nanoparticles; ultrafine particles; workplace ID ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; LUNG INJURY; EMISSION AB This study presents exposure data for various metal oxides in facilities that produce or use nanoscale metal oxides. Exposure assessment surveys were conducted at seven facilities encompassing small, medium, and large manufacturers and end users of nanoscale (particles <0.1 mu m diameter) metal oxides, including the oxides of titanium, magnesium, yttrium, aluminum, calcium, and iron. Half-and full-shift sampling consisting of various direct-reading and mass-based area and personal aerosol sampling was employed to measure exposure for various tasks. Workers in large facilities performing handling tasks had the highest mass concentrations for all analytes. However, higher mass concentrations occurred in medium facilities and during production for all analytes in area samples. Medium-sized facilities had higher particle number concentrations in the air, followed by small facilities for all particle sizes measured. Production processes generally had the highest particle number concentrations, particularly for the smaller particles. Similar to particle number, the medium-sized facilities and production process had the highest particle surface area concentration. TEM analysis confirmed the presence of the specific metal oxides particles of interest, and the majority of the particles were agglomerated, with the predominant particle size being between 0.1 and 1 mu m. The greatest potential for exposure to workers occurred during the handling process. However, the exposure is occurring at levels that are well below established and proposed limits. C1 [Curwin, Brian; Bertke, Steve] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Stud, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Curwin, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Stud, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 10 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.613348 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 829QD UT WOS:000295598200004 PM 21936697 ER PT J AU Buckley, TJ Geer, LA Connor, TH Robertson, S Sammons, D Smith, J Snawder, J Boeniger, M AF Buckley, Timothy J. Geer, Laura A. Connor, Thomas H. Robertson, Shirley Sammons, Deborah Smith, Jerome Snawder, John Boeniger, Mark TI A Pilot Study of Workplace Dermal Exposures to Cypermethrin at a Chemical Manufacturing Plant SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE attitudes; behavior; beliefs; biological monitoring; personal protective equipment; surface sampling ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SEMIQUANTITATIVE METHOD; PESTICIDE WORKERS; ASSESSMENT DREAM; RISK ASSESSMENT; HAND EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CONSEQUENCES AB Exposure during the manufacture of pesticides is of particular concern due to their toxicity and because little is known about worker exposure, since most studies have focused on end-use application within agriculture or buildings. Even though dermal exposure can be expected to dominate for pesticides, little is known about workplace dermal exposures or even appropriate methods for their assessment. The current study begins to address this gap by evaluating alternative methods for assessing dermal exposure at a chemical manufacturing plant. For this pilot study, eight workers were recruited from a U. S. plant that produced the pesticide cypermethrin. Exposure was evaluated using three approaches: (1) survey assessment (questionnaire), (2) biological monitoring, and (3) workplace environmental sampling including ancillary measurements of glove contamination (interior and exterior). In each case, cypermethrin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Environmental measurements identified two potential pathways of cypermethrin exposure: glove and surface contamination. Workplace exposure was also indicated by urine levels (specific gravity adjusted) of the parent compound, which ranged from 35 to 253 mu g/L (median of 121 mu g/L) with no clear trend in levels from pre- to post-shift. An exploratory analysis intended to guide future studies revealed a positive predictive association (Spearman correlation, p <= 0.10) between post-shift urine concentrations and a subset of survey questions evaluating worker knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of workplace dermal hazards, i.e., personal protective equipment self-efficacy, and inverse associations with behavior belief and information belief scales. These findings are valuable in demonstrating a variety of dermal exposure methods (i.e., behavioral attributes, external contamination, and biomarker) showing feasibility and providing measurement ranges and preliminary associations to support future and more complete assessments. Although these pilot data are useful for supporting design and sample size considerations for larger exposure and health studies, there is a need for validation studies of the ELISA assay for quantification of cypermethrin and its metabolites in urine. C1 [Buckley, Timothy J.] Ohio State Univ, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Geer, Laura A.] SUNY Downstate Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Connor, Thomas H.; Robertson, Shirley; Sammons, Deborah; Smith, Jerome; Snawder, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Buckley, TJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, 320 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tbuckley@cph.osu.edu FU National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) FX This study was funded through a contract with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). We are grateful for the participation of the worker volunteers and the access to them and cooperation provided by the plant management and industrial hygienist. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 10 BP 600 EP 608 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.613269 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 829QD UT WOS:000295598200006 PM 21936699 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, G Ostraat, M Evans, DE Methner, MM O'Shaughnessy, P D'Arcy, J Geraci, CL Stevenson, E Maynard, A Rickabaugh, K AF Ramachandran, Gurumurthy Ostraat, Michele Evans, Douglas E. Methner, Mark M. O'Shaughnessy, Patrick D'Arcy, James Geraci, Charles L. Stevenson, Edward Maynard, Andrew Rickabaugh, Keith TI A Strategy for Assessing Workplace Exposures to Nanomaterials SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment strategy; exposure management; nanomaterials ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; PARTICLE SURFACE-AREA; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; NANOSTRUCTURED PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MASS CONCENTRATIONS; IN-VIVO; NUMBER; RISK AB This article describes a highly tailorable exposure assessment strategy for nanomaterials that enables effective and efficient exposure management (i.e., a strategy that can identify jobs or tasks that have clearly unacceptable exposures), while simultaneously requiring only a modest level of resources to conduct. The strategy is based on strategy general framework from AIHA (R) that is adapted for nanomaterials and seeks to ensure that the risks to workers handling nanomaterials are being managed properly. The strategy relies on a general framework as the basic foundation while building and elaborating on elements essential to an effective and efficient strategy to arrive at decisions based on collecting and interpreting available information. This article provides useful guidance on conducting workplace characterization; understanding exposure potential to nanomaterials; accounting methods for background aerosols; constructing SEGs; and selecting appropriate instrumentation for monitoring, providing appropriate choice of exposure limits, and describing criteria by which exposure management decisions should be made. The article is intended to be a practical guide for industrial hygienists for managing engineered nanomaterial risks in their workplaces. C1 [Ramachandran, Gurumurthy] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ostraat, Michele] RTI Int, Ctr Aerosol & Nanomat Engn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Evans, Douglas E.; Methner, Mark M.; Geraci, Charles L.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [O'Shaughnessy, Patrick] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. [D'Arcy, James] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI USA. [Stevenson, Edward] Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, MA USA. [Maynard, Andrew] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Risk Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rickabaugh, Keith] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Mat & Analyt Serv, Monroeville, PA USA. RP Ramachandran, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, MMC 807,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ramac002@umn.edu OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 71 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 BP 673 EP 685 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.623223 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 857VJ UT WOS:000297750900008 PM 22023547 ER PT J AU Rocheleau, CM Lawson, CC Waters, MA Hein, MJ Stewart, PA Correa, A Echeverria, D Reefhuis, J AF Rocheleau, Carissa M. Lawson, Christina C. Waters, Martha A. Hein, Misty J. Stewart, Patricia A. Correa, Adolfo Echeverria, Diana Reefhuis, Jennita TI Inter-Rater Reliability of Assessed Prenatal Maternal Occupational Exposures to Solvents, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Heavy Metals SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE birth defects; exposure assessment; industrial hygienist ID RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT; EXPERT JUDGMENT; AGREEMENT; RECOMMENDATIONS; DETERMINANTS; COEFFICIENT AB Because direct measurements of past occupational exposures are rarely available in population-based case-control studies, exposure assessment of job histories by multiple expert raters is frequently used; however, the subjective nature of this method makes measuring reliability an important quality control step. We evaluated inter-rater reliability of 7729 retrospective jobs reported in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Jobs were classified as exposed, unexposed, or exposure unknown by two independent industrial hygienists; exposed jobs were further evaluated for intensity, frequency, and routes. Exposure prevalence ranged from 0.1-9.8%. Inter-rater reliability for exposure (yes/no), assessed by kappa coefficients, was fair to good for cadmium (kappa = 0.46), chlorinated solvents (kappa = 0.59), cobalt (kappa = 0.54), glycol ethers (kappa = 0.50), nickel compounds (kappa = 0.65), oil mists (kappa = 0.63), and Stoddard Solvent (kappa = 0.55); PAHs (kappa = 0.24) and elemental nickel (kappa = 0.37) had poor agreement. After a consensus conference resolved disagreements, an additional 4962 jobs were evaluated. Inter-rater reliability improved or stayed the same for cadmium (kappa = 0.51), chlorinated solvents (kappa = 0.81), oil mists (kappa = 0.63), PAHs (kappa = 0.52), and Stoddard solvent (kappa = 0.92) in the second job set. Inter-rater reliability varied by exposure agent and prevalence, demonstrating the importance of measuring reliability in studies using a multiple expert rater method of exposure assessment. C1 [Rocheleau, Carissa M.; Lawson, Christina C.; Waters, Martha A.; Hein, Misty J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stewart, Patricia A.] Stewart Exposure Assessments LLC, Arlington, VA USA. [Correa, Adolfo; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Echeverria, Diana] Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rocheleau, CM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CRocheleau@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU 713238, U01/DD000492]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [200-2000-08018] FX The authors would like to recognize Marianne Yencken and James Catalano of the Battelle Centers for Public Health and Evaluation for their contributions to the ratings process and interpretation. We particularly thank the 10 NBDPS centers who collected the data. This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCU 713238; U01/DD000492); and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (contract 200-2000-08018). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 12 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.627293 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 864YR UT WOS:000298276900006 PM 22074298 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Murphy, WJ Byrne, DC Shaw, PB AF Davis, Rickie R. Murphy, William J. Byrne, David C. Shaw, Peter B. TI Acceptance of a Semi-Custom Hearing Protector by Manufacturing Workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; COMFORT; DEVICES C1 [Davis, Rickie R.; Murphy, William J.; Byrne, David C.] NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Shaw, Peter B.] NIOSH, Stat Team, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pk Way, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rrd1@cdc.gov OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU General Motors through a GM/UAW/NIOSH Memorandum of Understanding; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX This study was partially supported by funds from General Motors through a GM/UAW/NIOSH Memorandum of Understanding and by intramural project funds from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 12 BP D125 EP D130 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.626262 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 864YR UT WOS:000298276900001 PM 22050444 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Guide, R Schmid, TL Moore, LV Barradas, DT Fulton, JE AF Carlson, Susan A. Guide, Roxanna Schmid, Thomas L. Moore, Latetia V. Barradas, Danielle T. Fulton, Janet E. TI Public Support for Street-Scale Urban Design Practices and Policies to Increase Physical Activity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE public health; environment; survey research ID COMMUNITIES AB Background: Street-scale urban design policies are recommended to increase physical activity in communities. Our purpose was to examine U.S. public support for local street-scale urban design features and policies. Methods: Analysis is based on a cross-sectional national sample of adults (n = 4682) participating in the 2006 HealthStyles mail survey. Results: About 57% of adults rated local street-scale urban design as highly important in determining the amount of physical activity they obtain. Adjusted odds of rating neighborhood features as having high importance were higher in people aged >= 65 years versus those <65 and minority racial/ethnic groups versus non-Hispanic whites. Two-thirds of adults were willing to take civic action to support local street-scale urban design policy. Adjusted odds of being willing to take any action versus none was higher in non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics versus non-Hispanic whites, was higher in those with household incomes >=$60,000 versus <=$15,000 per year, and increased as education and perceived importance of neighborhood features increased. Conclusions: There are high levels of public support for local street-scale urban design policies; however, demographic differences exist in the level of support. These differences are important considerations for policymakers and for those designing community programs targeting street-scale urban design features and policies. C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Guide, Roxanna; Schmid, Thomas L.; Moore, Latetia V.; Barradas, Danielle T.; Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 EI 1543-5474 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 SU 1 BP S125 EP S134 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707KZ UT WOS:000286286600017 PM 21350253 ER PT J AU Jhung, MA Finelli, L AF Jhung, Michael A. Finelli, Lyn TI One More Lesson From the Pandemic SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLUENZA; POPULATIONS; HEALTH C1 [Jhung, Michael A.; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jhung, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvk3@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e318209869e PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690XZ UT WOS:000285044700006 PM 21135654 ER PT J AU Garrett, NY Mishra, N Nichols, B Staes, CJ Akin, C Safran, C AF Garrett, Nedra Y. Mishra, Ninad Nichols, Barbara Staes, Catherine J. Akin, Chuck Safran, Charles TI Characterization of Public Health Alerts and Their Suitability for Alerting in Electronic Health Record Systems SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE electronic health record; decision support; information storage retrieval; informatics; public health; public health alerting AB Public health agencies including federal, state, and local governments routinely send out public health advisories and alerts via e-mail and text messages to health care providers to increase awareness of public health events and situations. Agencies must ensure that practitioners have timely and accessible information at the critical point-of-care. Electronic health record (EHR) systems have the potential to alert physicians of emerging health conditions deemed important for public health at the most critical time of need. To understand how public health agencies can leverage existing alerting mechanisms in EHR systems, it is important to understand characteristics of public health alerts to determine their suitability for alerting in EHR systems. Authors conducted a review and analysis of public health alerts for a 3-year period to identify critical data attributes necessary to support public health alerting in EHR systems. The alerts were restricted to those most relevant for clinical care. The results showed that there is an opportunity for disseminating actionable information to clinical practitioners at the point of care to guide care and reporting. Public health alerts in EHR systems can be useful in reporting, recommending specific tests, as well as suggesting secondary prevention. C1 [Garrett, Nedra Y.; Mishra, Ninad; Nichols, Barbara; Safran, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Staes, Catherine J.] Univ Utah, Dept Biomed Informat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Akin, Chuck] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. [Safran, Charles] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Clin Informat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Safran, Charles] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Garrett, NY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ndg3@CDC.GOV FU NLM NIH HHS [T15-LM007124-11]; PHITPO CDC HHS [8P01HK000030] NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181ddcbc0 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690XZ UT WOS:000285044700017 PM 21135665 ER PT J AU Cho, BH Hicks, KA Honeycutt, AA Hupert, N Khavjou, O Messonnier, M Washington, ML AF Cho, Bo-Hyun Hicks, Katherine A. Honeycutt, Amanda A. Hupert, Nathaniel Khavjou, Olga Messonnier, Mark Washington, Michael L. TI A Tool for the Economic Analysis of Mass Prophylaxis Operations With an Application to H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Clinics SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE cost analysis; mass immunization; vaccination ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WORKING ADULTS; CHILDREN; HEALTHY; TRIVALENT; BENEFIT; TRIAL AB This article uses the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination program experience to introduce a cost analysis approach that may be relevant for planning mass prophylaxis operations, such as vaccination clinics at public health centers, work sites, schools, or pharmacy-based clinics. These costs are important for planning mass influenza vaccination activities and are relevant for all public health emergency preparedness scenarios requiring countermeasure dispensing. We demonstrate how costs vary depending on accounting perspective, staffing composition, and other factors. We also describe a mass vaccination clinic budgeting tool that clinic managers may use to estimate clinic costs and to examine how costs vary depending on the availability of volunteers or donated supplies and on the number of patients vaccinated per hour. Results from pilot tests with school-based H1N1 influenza vaccination clinic managers are described. The tool can also contribute to planning efforts for universal seasonal influenza vaccination. C1 [Hicks, Katherine A.; Honeycutt, Amanda A.; Khavjou, Olga] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cho, Bo-Hyun] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hupert, Nathaniel; Washington, Michael L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Preparedness Modeling Unit, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Messonnier, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hupert, Nathaniel] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Med, New York, NY USA. RP Honeycutt, AA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM honeycutt@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-2008-F-28117] NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP E22 EP E28 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181f87952 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690XZ UT WOS:000285044700004 PM 21135651 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Balluz, LS AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Balluz, Lina S. TI Physical Activity in U.S. Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Correlates of Meeting Physical Activity Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; physical activity; physical activity guidelines; old age; BRFSS ID US ADULTS; EXERCISE; RISK; LIFE; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; INTERVIEW; MORTALITY; SENIORS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence and correlates of meeting current recommendations for physical activity in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States. DESIGN A cross-sectional, population-based sample. SETTING The 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, which employs random-digit dialing to interview noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-nine thousand one hundred seventy-two adults (18,370 with DM) aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS The age-adjusted prevalence and the odds ratios for physical activity patterns (defined on the basis of the physical activity guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2007) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS 2008)) were obtained using multiple logistic regression analyses. The correlates of meeting physical activity recommendations were assessed using log-binomial regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 25% and 42% of older adults with diabetes mellitus met recommendations for total physical activity based on the ADA 2007 and the DHHS 2008 guidelines, respectively. Adults with DM were 31% to 34% (P <.001) less likely to engage in physical activity at recommended levels and 13% to 19% (P <.001) less likely to be physically active at insufficient levels than those without DM. Analyses limited to participants who reported no disability yielded similar results. In adults with DM, older age (>= 75); being female; being non-Hispanic black; and having obesity, coronary heart disease, and disability were associated with less likelihood, whereas advanced educational status was associated with greater likelihood of meeting physical activity recommendations. CONCLUSION In the United States, efforts to boost physical activity participation in older adults with DM are needed. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03236.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 706HG UT WOS:000286208200020 PM 21226683 ER PT J AU Blaya, JA Shin, SY Contreras, C Yale, G Suarez, C Asencios, L Kim, J Rodriguez, P Cegielski, P Fraser, HSF AF Blaya, Joaquin A. Shin, Sonya Contreras, Carmen Yale, Gloria Suarez, Carmen Asencios, Luis Kim, Jihoon Rodriguez, Pablo Cegielski, Peter Fraser, Hamish S. F. TI Full impact of laboratory information system requires direct use by clinical staff: cluster randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; DISEASES; MODELS; PERU AB Objective To evaluate the time to communicate laboratory results to health centers (HCs) between the e-Chasqui web-based information system and the pre-existing paper-based system. Methods Cluster randomized controlled trial in 78 HCs in Peru. In the intervention group, 12 HCs had web access to results via e-Chasqui (point-of-care HCs) and forwarded results to 17 peripheral HCs. In the control group, 22 point-of-care HCs received paper results directly and forwarded them to 27 peripheral HCs. Baseline data were collected for 15 months. Post-randomization data were collected for at least 2 years. Comparisons were made between intervention and control groups, stratified by point-of-care versus peripheral HCs. Results For point-of-care HCs, the intervention group took less time to receive drug susceptibility tests (DSTs) (median 9 vs 16 days, p<0.001) and culture results (4 vs 8 days, p<0.001) and had a lower proportion of 'late' DSTs taking >60 days to arrive (p<0.001) than the control. For peripheral HCs, the intervention group had similar communication times for DST (median 22 vs 19 days, p=0.30) and culture (10 vs 9 days, p=0.10) results, as well as proportion of 'late' DSTs (p=-0.57) compared with the control. Conclusions Only point-of-care HCs with direct access to the e-Chasqui information system had reduced communication times and fewer results with delays of >2 months. Peripheral HCs had no benefits from the system. This suggests that health establishments should have point-of-care access to reap the benefits of electronic laboratory reporting. C1 [Blaya, Joaquin A.; Fraser, Hamish S. F.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Global Hlth Equ, Partners Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Blaya, Joaquin A.; Shin, Sonya; Fraser, Hamish S. F.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Global Hlth Equ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Contreras, Carmen; Rodriguez, Pablo] Socios Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru. [Yale, Gloria] DISA V Lima Ciudad, Lima, Peru. [Suarez, Carmen] DISA IV Lima Este, Lima, Peru. [Asencios, Luis] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Kim, Jihoon] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biomed Informat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cegielski, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blaya, JA (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Global Hlth Equ, Partners Hlth, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jblaya@hms.harvard.edu RI Fraser, Hamish/E-3773-2013 FU David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies; MIT Public Services Center; MIT Hugh Y Hampton Fellowship; NIH FX Funding Harvard Global Infectious Diseases Program, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. JAB received a MIT Public Services Center grant, the MIT Hugh Y Hampton Fellowship, and a National Research Service Award from the NIH. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1136/jamia.2010.005280 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 746BZ UT WOS:000289218000003 PM 21113076 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK McClure, ME Hays, MD Green, FHY McPhee, LJ Vallyathan, V Gilmour, MI AF Saxena, Rajiv K. McClure, Michael E. Hays, Michael D. Green, Francis H. Y. McPhee, Laura J. Vallyathan, V. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Quantitative Assessment of Elemental Carbon In The Lungs of Never Smokers, Cigarette Smokers, and Coal Miners SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BLACK; WORKERS; CANCER; CARCINOGEN; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; TOBACCO AB Inhalation exposure to particulates such as cigarette smoke and coal dust is known to contribute to the development of chronic lung disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of elemental carbon (EC) deposits from autopsied lung samples from cigarette smokers, miners, and control subjects and explore the relationship between EC level, exposure history, and the extent of chronic lung disease. The samples comprised three subgroups representing never smokers (8), chronic cigarette smokers (26), and coal miners (6). Following the dissolution of lung tissue, the extracted EC residue was quantified using a thermal-optical transmission (TOT) carbon analyzer. Mean EC levels in the lungs of the control group were 56.68 +/- 24.86 (SD) g/g dry lung weight. Respective mean EC values in lung samples from the smokers and coal miners were 449.56 +/- 320.3 g/g and 6678.2 +/- 6162 g/g. These values were significantly higher than those obtained from the never-smoker group. EC levels in the lung and pack-years of cigarette smoking correlated significantly, as did EC levels and the severity of small airway disease. This study provides one of the first quantitative assessments of EC in human lungs from populations at high relative risk for the development of chronic lung disease. C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Cardiopulmonary & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Saxena, Rajiv K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [McClure, Michael E.; Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Green, Francis H. Y.; McPhee, Laura J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Vallyathan, V.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulmonary & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 FU U.S. National Research Council; Alberta Lung Association; Health Canada; U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health FX We remember our dear friend and colleague Dr. V. Vallyathan, who passed away in an automobile accident during the preparation of this article. R. K. Saxena was supported through a senior fellowship of the U.S. National Research Council. F. H. Y. Green was supported through a grant from the Alberta Lung Association, Health Canada, and a contract with the U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 11 BP 706 EP 715 AR PII 936100557 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.556059 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 751KB UT WOS:000289614900002 PM 21480045 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Jones, KL Fatuyi, B Gray, KJ Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Fisher, JW AF McDougal, James N. Jones, Ken L. Fatuyi, Babatope Gray, Katie Jo Blount, Ben C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI The Effects of Perchlorate on Thyroidal Gene Expression are Different from the Effects of Iodide Deficiency SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID EXTRANEURONAL MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; RAT; SYMPORTER; PROTEIN; GLAND AB Perchlorate (ClO4-), which is a ubiquitous and persistent ion, competitively interferes with iodide (I) accumulation in the thyroid, producing I deficiency (ID), which may result in reduced thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Human studies suggest that ClO4- presents little risk in healthy individuals; however, the precautionary principle demands that the sensitive populations of ID adults and mothers require extra consideration. In an attempt to determine whether the effects on gene expression were similar, the thyroidal effects of ClO4- (10 mg/kg) treatment for 14 d in drinking water were compared with those produced by 8 wk of ID in rats. The thyroids were collected (n = 3 each group) and total mRNA was analyzed using the Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 GeneChip. Changes in gene expression were compared with appropriate control groups. The twofold gene changes due to ID were compared with alterations due to ClO4- treatment. One hundred and eighty-nine transcripts were changed by the ID diet and 722 transcripts were altered by the ClO4- treatment. Thirty-four percent of the transcripts changed by the I-deficient diet were also altered by ClO4- and generally in the same direction. Three specific transporter genes, AQP1, NIS, and SLC22A3, were changed by both treatments, indicating that the membrane-specific changes were similar. Iodide deficiency primarily produced alterations in retinol and calcium signaling pathways and ClO4- primarily produced changes related to the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. This study provides evidence that ClO4-, at least at this dose level, changes more genes and alters different genes compared to ID. C1 [McDougal, James N.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Jones, Ken L.; Fatuyi, Babatope; Gray, Katie Jo; Fisher, Jeffrey W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Blount, Ben C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Wright State Univ, 7785 E Sam Hill Pl, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. EM james.mcdougal@wright.edu FU U.S. EPA [R832134] FX Supported by U.S. EPA STAR cooperative agreement R832134. We thank Drs. Keys and Li for statistical support and the UGA diagnostic laboratory for TSH analysis. This material was also presented as a poster at the 2010 Society of Toxicology meeting: J. N. McDougal, K. L. Jones, B. Fatuyi, and J. W. Fisher. Gene expression in thyroid after perchlorate treatment compared to iodine deficiency. #2094. The Toxicologist CD-An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, volume 109, number 1, March 2010. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 14 BP 917 EP 926 AR PII 938070785 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.573740 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 772YL UT WOS:000291274100003 PM 21623536 ER PT J AU Sexton, K Ryan, AD Adgate, JL Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Sexton, Ken Ryan, Andrew D. Adgate, John L. Barr, Dana Boyd Needham, Larry L. TI Biomarker Measurements of Concurrent Exposure to Multiple Environmental Chemicals and Chemical Classes in Children SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION QUANTIFICATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BLOOD; URINE; METABOLITES; NEIGHBORHOODS; RECRUITMENT AB Concern is mounting that children from disadvantaged, low-income neighborhoods are likely to be both more exposed to chemical hazards and more susceptible to related adverse health effects. This article reports measurements of 75 individual biomarkers spanning 7 chemical/pollutant classes in blood and urine from more than 100 children living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnically diverse area of south Minneapolis, MN. Results indicate that a significant proportion of children in the study were at the high end of the exposure distribution compared to national reference ranges for a variety of environmental chemicals and/or their metabolites, including phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and volatile organic compounds. In addition, levels of cotinine in urine indicate that more than half the children were regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, with the upper 10th percentile exposed to relatively high concentrations. C1 [Sexton, Ken] Univ Texas Brownsville, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Ryan, Andrew D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Adgate, John L.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Barr, Dana Boyd] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sexton, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Brownsville Reg Campus,80 Ft Brown AHC, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM ken.sexton@uth.tmc.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R825813, R826789]; National Children's Study FX This research was funded by Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants R825813 and R826789 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. K. Sexton was partially supported by funding from the National Children's Study. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of funding organizations. All blood and urine (except cotinine) analyses were performed by the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in Atlanta, GA. Cotinine levels in urine were measured in Dr. Stephen Hecht's laboratory at the University of Minnesota. We appreciated the help of our colleagues in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota, including Ann Fredrickson, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, and Tim Church. The authors thank the school administrators, teachers, nurses, students, and their families who made this study possible. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 14 BP 927 EP 942 AR PII 938070307 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.573745 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 772YL UT WOS:000291274100004 PM 21623537 ER PT J AU Costa, C Silva, S Neves, J Coelho, P Costa, S Laffon, B Snawder, J Teixeira, JP AF Costa, Carla Silva, Susana Neves, Joana Coelho, Patricia Costa, Solange Laffon, Blanca Snawder, John Teixeira, Joao Paulo TI MICRONUCLEUS FREQUENCIES IN LYMPHOCYTES AND RETICULOCYTES IN A PESTICIDE-EXPOSED POPULATION IN PORTUGAL SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; FLORICULTURIST POPULATION; ASSAY; CHROMOSOME; CELLS; RISK; SEX; ERYTHROCYTES AB A wide range of chemical products known to be acutely toxic is currently used in the agricultural sector, including numerous pesticides with different compositions. Nevertheless, the effects in human health as result of chronic exposure to low levels are not yet completely understood. The methodology for determination of micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes (CBMN) is well established, and accumulating data demonstrated a correlation to enhanced risk of cancer development. However, analysis of MN in reticulocytes (MN-RET) in humans is a recent tool on human biomonitoring. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of pesticide exposure on MN-RET and CBMN frequencies. In total, 177 individuals were studied (93 controls and 84 exposed). All individuals included in the exposed group were exposed regularly to various chemicals. Both MN-RET and CBMN were significantly higher in the exposed subjects compared to controls. The CBMN frequencies were quantitatively higher in females than males, especially within the exposed group. Smoking habits exerted no marked influence on the frequency of the biomarkers studied. A significant and positive correlation was found between both indicators. Within the exposed group, data showed that there was a significant correlation between MN-RET and recent exposure (exposure in the previous 10 d) that is not found when considering CBMN. It is conceivable that due to the short life span of reticulocytes, MN-RET were found to be more reliable to characterize recent genetic damage as opposed to CBMN. C1 [Costa, Carla; Silva, Susana; Neves, Joana; Coelho, Patricia; Costa, Solange; Teixeira, Joao Paulo] Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, P-4000055 Oporto, Portugal. [Costa, Carla; Coelho, Patricia; Costa, Solange; Teixeira, Joao Paulo] Univ Porto, ICETA, Inst Agr & Agrifoodstuffs Sci & Technol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Laffon, Blanca] Univ A Coruna, Dept Psychobiol, Toxicol Unit, La Coruna, Spain. [Snawder, John] NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appplied Res & Technol, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Costa, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, P-4000055 Oporto, Portugal. EM cstcosta@gmail.com RI Costa, Carla/K-4048-2014; Teixeira, Joao Paulo/F-5445-2013; Costa, Solange/K-7865-2014; Coelho, Patricia/N-7996-2014; Laffon, Blanca/K-4608-2014 OI Costa, Carla/0000-0002-0027-8462; Teixeira, Joao Paulo/0000-0001-8693-5250; Costa, Solange/0000-0003-4201-1966; Coelho, Patricia/0000-0002-6069-0942; Laffon, Blanca/0000-0001-7649-2599 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BD/37190/2007, PTDC/SAU-ESA/102367/2008] FX This investigation was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under grants SFRH/BD/37190/2007 and PTDC/SAU-ESA/102367/2008. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 15-16 SI SI BP 960 EP 970 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.582024 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 820KK UT WOS:000294904400002 PM 21707421 ER PT J AU Jain, RB Wang, RY AF Jain, Ram B. Wang, Richard Y. TI ASSOCIATION OF CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION AND SMOKING STATUS WITH THE SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, DIOXINS, AND FURANS IN THE GENERAL U.S. POPULATION: NHANES 2003-2004 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; HUMAN-MILK; PCB; EXPOSURE; CYP1A2; WOMEN; ELIMINATION AB Smoking appears to enhance the body's clearance of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by inducing CYP1A2 activity based on studies with a limited number of participants. This hypothesis was evaluated by using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Specifically, adult participants were identified and the sums of their serum lipid-adjusted concentrations of 12 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) congeners, 33 PCB (total), 26 non-dioxin-like PCB, and 6 mono-ortho (dioxin-like) PCB were determined. In addition to evaluating the association of smoking, the association of caffeine consumption and the interaction between them was evaluated. Data analysis included regression models that were fitted with age, gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). R(2) varied from 34.8 to 66%. Smokers had significantly lower concentrations of total PCDD/PCDF than nonsmokers. New to this study, a siginificant interaction between caffeine consumption and smoking for total PCB was found. When caffeine was consumed less than once a day, smokers had higher concentrations of total PCB than nonsmokers. However, when caffeine was consumed at least once a day, smokers had lower concentrations than nonsmokers. A significant interaction between age and caffeine consumption frequency for each of the PCB groups was also observed. The differences in concentration between younger and older age groups were greater when caffeine was consumed at least once a day than when caffeine was consumed less frequently. Smoking and caffeine consumption need to be considered in the interpretation of human biomonitoring data because they appear to affect the serum concentrations of these chemicals. C1 [Jain, Ram B.; Wang, Richard Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Heath, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, RY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Heath, Mail Stop F-17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rywang@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 18 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.587105 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 820KR UT WOS:000294905100004 PM 21797774 ER PT J AU Frasch, HF Dotson, GS Barbero, AM AF Frasch, H. Frederick Dotson, G. Scott Barbero, Ana M. TI IN VITRO HUMAN EPIDERMAL PENETRATION OF 1-BROMOPROPANE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID LAYER DEPLETING SOLVENTS; NEUROLOGIC ABNORMALITIES; PROPYL BROMIDE; HUMAN SKIN; NEW-JERSEY; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; RATS; TOXICITY; MICE AB 1-Bromopropane (1-BP; CAS number 106-94-5), also known as n-propyl bromide, is a halogenated short-chain alkane used as an organic solvent with numerous commercial and industrial applications, including garment dry cleaning and vapor degreasing of metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the dermal absorption characteristics and corrosivity of 1-BP. Heat-separated human epidermal membranes were mounted on static diffusion cells. Different exposure scenarios were studied (infinite dose, finite dose, and transient exposure) using neat 1-BP and saturated aqueous solution as donor. Steady-state fluxes for infinite-dose neat 1-BP exposure averaged 625 to 960 mu g cm(-2) h(-1). The finite-dose (10 mu l/cm(2) = 13.5 mg/cm(2)) unoccluded donor resulted in penetration of < 0.2% of the applied dose (22 mu g/cm(2)). A 10-min transient exposure to infinite dose resulted in total penetration of 179 mu g/cm(2). Steady-state 1-BP fluxes from neat application of a commercial dry cleaning solvent were similar (441 to 722 mu g cm(-2) h(-1)). The permeability coefficient of 1-BP in water vehicle was 0.257 +/- 0.141 cm/h. The absorption potential of 1-BP following dermal exposure is dependent upon the type and duration of exposure. Donor losses due to evaporation were approximately 500-fold greater than dermal absorption flux; evaporation flux was 420 mg cm(-2) h(-1). 1-BP is cytotoxic but not corrosive, based on results from a cultured reconstructed human epidermal model (EpiDerm Skin Corrosivity Test). C1 [Frasch, H. Frederick; Barbero, Ana M.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Dotson, G. Scott] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Frasch, HF (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM HFrasch@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 19 BP 1249 EP 1260 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.595666 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PA UT WOS:000298321600001 PM 21830855 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Lin, GX Jefferson, AM Goldsmith, WT Jackson, M McKinney, W Frazer, DG Robinson, VA Castranova, V AF Sriram, Krishnan Lin, Gary X. Jefferson, Amy M. Goldsmith, William T. Jackson, Mark McKinney, Walter Frazer, David G. Robinson, Victor A. Castranova, Vincent TI NEUROTOXICITY FOLLOWING ACUTE INHALATION EXPOSURE TO THE OIL DISPERSANT COREXIT EC9500A SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PRESYNAPTIC-DOPAMINE-AUTORECEPTORS; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CALCIUM-CHANNEL; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; MICE; ACTIVATION; NEURODEGENERATION; DEPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB Consequent to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, there is an emergent concern about the short-and long-term adverse health effects of exposure to crude oil, weathered-oil products, and oil dispersants among the workforce employed to contain and clean up the spill. Oil dispersants typically comprise of a mixture of solvents and surfactants that break down floating oil to micrometer-sized droplets within the water column, thus preventing it from reaching the shorelines. As dispersants are generally sprayed from the air, workers are at risk for exposure primarily via inhalation. Such inhaled fractions might potentially permeate or translocate to the brain via olfactory or systemic circulation, producing central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. To determine whether oil dispersants pose a neurological risk, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by whole-body inhalation exposure to a model oil dispersant, COREXIT EC9500A (CE; approximately 27 mg/m(3) x 5 h/d x 1 d), and various molecular indices of neural dysfunction were evaluated in discrete brain areas, at 1 or 7 d postexposure. Exposure to CE produced partial loss of olfactory marker protein in the olfactory bulb. CE also reduced tyrosine hydroxylase protein content in the striatum. Further, CE altered the levels of various synaptic and neuronal intermediate filament proteins in specific brain areas. Reactive astrogliosis, as evidenced by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, was observed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex following exposure to CE. Collectively, these findings are suggestive of disruptions in olfactory signal transduction, axonal function, and synaptic vesicle fusion, events that potentially result in an imbalance in neurotransmitter signaling. Whether such acute molecular aberrations might persist and produce chronic neurological deficits remains to be ascertained. C1 [Sriram, Krishnan] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sriram, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kos4@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 21 SI SI BP 1405 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.606796 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PG UT WOS:000298322200005 PM 21916746 ER PT J AU Sykes, JE Hartmann, K Lunn, KF Moore, GE Stoddard, RA Goldstein, RE AF Sykes, J. E. Hartmann, K. Lunn, K. F. Moore, G. E. Stoddard, R. A. Goldstein, R. E. TI 2010 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Hepatitis; Leptospira interrogans; Nephritis; Zoonosis ID EXPERIMENTAL CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE INFECTION; EXPERIMENTAL FELINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; ICTEROHEMORRHAGIAE INFECTIONS; CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE AB This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of leptospirosis in dogs, an important zoonosis. Clinical signs of leptospirosis in dogs relate to development of renal disease, hepatic disease, uveitis, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Disease may follow periods of high rainfall, and can occur in dogs roaming in proximity to water sources, farm animals, or wildlife, or dogs residing in suburban environments. Diagnosis is based on acute and convalescent phase antibody titers by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), with or without use of polymerase chain reaction assays. There is considerable interlaboratory variation in MAT results, and the MAT does not accurately predict the infecting serogroup. The recommended treatment for optimal clearance of the organism from renal tubules is doxycycline, 5 mg/kg PO q12h, for 14 days. Annual vaccination can prevent leptospirosis caused by serovars included in the vaccine and is recommended for dogs at risk of infection. C1 [Sykes, J. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hartmann, K.] Univ Munich, Dept Small Anim Med, Munich, Germany. [Stoddard, R. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goldstein, R. E.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Moore, G. E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lunn, K. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sykes, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jesykes@ucdavis.edu RI Green, Jenni/C-1618-2012; OI Hartmann, Katrin/0000-0002-5256-863X FU Fort Dodge Animal Health FX Lunn: Speaker honoraria-Pfizer Animal Health. Research funding-Fort Dodge Animal Health. NR 132 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 10 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 705EH UT WOS:000286111200001 PM 21155890 ER PT J AU Yang, GY Erdman, DE Kodani, M Kools, J Bowen, MD Fields, BS AF Yang, Genyan Erdman, Dean E. Kodani, Maja Kools, John Bowen, Michael D. Fields, Barry S. TI Comparison of commercial systems for extraction of nucleic acids from DNA/RNA respiratory pathogens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Diagnosis of human infectious disease; Respiratory pathogens; Nucleic acid extraction ID MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RNA AB This study compared six automated nucleic acid extraction systems and one manual kit for their ability to recover nucleic acids from human nasal wash specimens spiked with five respiratory pathogens, representing Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes), Gram-negative bacteria (Legionella pneumophila), DNA viruses (adenovirus), segmented RNA viruses (human influenza virus A), and non-segmented RNA viruses (respiratory syncytial virus). The robots and kit evaluated represent major commercially available methods that are capable of simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from respiratory specimens, and included platforms based on magnetic-bead technology (KingFisher mL, Biorobot EZ1, easyMAG, KingFisher Flex, and MagNA Pure Compact) or glass fiber filter technology (Biorobot MDX and the manual kit Allprep). All methods yielded extracts free of cross-contamination and RT-PCR inhibition. All automated systems recovered L. pneumophila and adenovirus DNA equivalently. However, the MagNA Pure protocol demonstrated more than 4-fold higher DNA recovery from the S. pyogenes than other methods. The KingFisher mL and easyMAG protocols provided 1- to 3-log wider linearity and extracted 3- to 4-fold more RNA from the human influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. These findings suggest that systems differed in nucleic acid recovery, reproducibility, and linearity in a pathogen specific manner. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yang, Genyan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yang, Genyan; Kodani, Maja; Fields, Barry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Erdman, Dean E.; Kools, John; Bowen, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, GY (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gyang@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 2011 VL 171 IS 1 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.10.024 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 715AC UT WOS:000286851800032 PM 21034773 ER PT J AU Reeves, PM Smith, SK Olson, VA Thorne, SH Bornmann, W Damon, IK Kalman, D AF Reeves, Patrick M. Smith, Scott K. Olson, Victoria A. Thorne, Steve H. Bornmann, William Damon, Inger K. Kalman, Daniel TI Variola and Monkeypox Viruses Utilize Conserved Mechanisms of Virion Motility and Release That Depend on Abl and Src Family Tyrosine Kinases SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIN-BASED MOTILITY; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; VACCINIA VIRUS; SMALLPOX VIRUS; PROTECTS MICE; IN-VITRO; MICROTUBULES; MOVEMENT; ST-246; CHALLENGE AB Vaccinia virus (VacV) enters mammalian cells, replicates extranuclearly, and produces virions that move to the cell surface along microtubules, fuse with the plasma membrane, and move from infected cells toward apposing cells on actin-filled membranous protrusions or actin tails. To form actin tails, cell-associated enveloped virions (CEV) require Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, release of CEV from the cell requires Abl but not Src family tyrosine kinases and is blocked by imatinib mesylate (STI-571; Gleevec), an Abl family kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia in humans. Here we demonstrate that the Poxviridae family members monkeypox virus (MPX) and variola virus (VarV) use conserved mechanisms for actin motility and extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) release. Furthermore, we show that imatinib mesylate is effective in a mouse model of infection with VacV, whether delivered prophylactically or postinfection, and restricts spread of virions from the site of inoculation. While inhibitors of both Src and Abl family kinases, such as dasatinib (BMS-354825; Sprycel), are effective in limiting dissemination of VacV, VarV, and MPX in vitro, members of this class of drugs appear to have immunosuppressive effects in vivo that preclude their use as anti-infectives. Together, these data suggest a possible utility for imatinib mesylate in treating smallpox or MPX infections or complications associated with vaccination. C1 [Kalman, Daniel] Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Reeves, Patrick M.; Kalman, Daniel] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Microbiol & Mol Genet Grad Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bornmann, William] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Scott K.; Olson, Victoria A.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Viral, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thorne, Steve H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Div Surg Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Thorne, Steve H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Dept Immunol, Hillman Canc Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kalman, D (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Whitehead Res Bldg 144,165 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM dkalman@emory.edu FU NIH [R01A107246201A2] FX This work was supported by NIH grant R01A107246201A2 to D. K. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1128/JVI.01814-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 691QL UT WOS:000285095800001 PM 20962097 ER PT J AU Albarino, CG Bird, BH Chakrabarti, AK Dodd, KA White, DM Bergeron, E Shrivastava-Ranjan, P Nichol, ST AF Albarino, Cesar G. Bird, Brian H. Chakrabarti, Ayan K. Dodd, Kimberly A. White, David M. Bergeron, Eric Shrivastava-Ranjan, Punya Nichol, Stuart T. TI Reverse Genetics Generation of Chimeric Infectious Junin/Lassa Virus Is Dependent on Interaction of Homologous Glycoprotein Stable Signal Peptide and G2 Cytoplasmic Domains SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; LASSA FEVER; JUNIN VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; PROTEIN-Z; GP-C AB The Arenaviridae are a diverse and globally distributed collection of viruses that are maintained primarily by rodent reservoirs. Junin virus (JUNV) and Lassa virus (LASV) can both cause significant outbreaks of severe and often fatal human disease throughout their respective areas of endemicity. In an effort to improve upon the existing live attenuated JUNV Candid1 vaccine, we generated a genetically homogenous stock of this virus from cDNA copies of the virus S and L segments by using a reverse genetics system. Further, these cDNAs were used in combination with LASV cDNAs to successfully generate two recombinant Candid1 JUNV/LASV chimeric viruses (via envelope glycoprotein [GPC] exchange). It was found that while the GPC extravirion domains were readily exchangeable, homologous stable signal peptide (SSP) and G2 transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail domains were essential for correct GPC maturation and production of infectious chimeric viruses. The switching of the JUNV and LASV G1/G2 ectodomains within the Candid1 vaccine background did not alter the attenuated phenotype of the vaccine strain in a lethal mouse model. These recombinant chimeric viruses shed light on the fundamental requirements of arenavirus GPC maturation and may serve as a strategy for the development of bivalent JUNV and LASV vaccine candidates. C1 [Albarino, Cesar G.; Bird, Brian H.; Chakrabarti, Ayan K.; Dodd, Kimberly A.; White, David M.; Bergeron, Eric; Shrivastava-Ranjan, Punya; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Albarino, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bwu4@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1128/JVI.01837-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 691QL UT WOS:000285095800009 PM 20980515 ER PT J AU Zeng, H Pappas, C Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Zeng, Hui Pappas, Claudia Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI The 2009 Pandemic H1N1 and Triple-Reassortant Swine H1N1 Influenza Viruses Replicate Efficiently but Elicit an Attenuated Inflammatory Response in Polarized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H1N1; UNITED-STATES; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; H5N1 VIRUSES; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; INTERFERON; APOPTOSIS AB The pandemic H1N1 virus of 2009 (2009 H1N1) produced a spectrum of disease ranging from mild illness to severe illness and death. Respiratory symptoms were frequently associated with virus infection, with relatively high rate of gastrointestinal symptoms reported. To better understand 2009 H1N1 virus pathogenesis in humans, we studied virus and host responses following infection of two cell types: polarized bronchial and pharyngeal epithelial cells, which exhibit many features of the human airway epithelium, and colon epithelial cells to serve as a human intestinal cell model. Selected 2009 H1N1 viruses were compared to both seasonal H1N1 and triple-reassortant swine H1N1 influenza viruses that have circulated among North American pigs since before the 2009 pandemic. All H1N1 viruses replicated productively in airway cells; however, in contrast to seasonal H1N1 virus infection, infection with the 2009 H1N1 and triple-reassortant swine H1N1 viruses resulted in an attenuated inflammatory response, a weaker interferon response, and reduced cell death. Additionally, the H1N1 viruses of swine origin replicated less efficiently at the temperature of the human proximal airways (33 degrees C). We also observed that the 2009 H1N1 viruses replicated to significantly higher titers than seasonal H1N1 virus in polarized colon epithelial cells. These studies reveal that in comparison to seasonal influenza virus, H1N1 viruses of swine origin poorly activate multiple aspects of the human innate response, which may contribute to the virulence of these viruses. In addition, their less efficient replication at human upper airway temperatures has implications for the understanding of pandemic H1N1 virus adaptation to humans. C1 [Zeng, Hui; Pappas, Claudia; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 2 BP 686 EP 696 DI 10.1128/JVI.01568-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 697XY UT WOS:000285554300004 PM 21047961 ER PT J AU Xing, L Wang, JC Li, TC Yasutomi, Y Lara, J Khudyakov, Y Schofield, D Emerson, SU Purcell, RH Takeda, N Miyamura, T Cheng, RH AF Xing, Li Wang, Joseph C. Li, Tian-Cheng Yasutomi, Yasuhiro Lara, James Khudyakov, Yury Schofield, Darren Emerson, Suzanne U. Purcell, Robert H. Takeda, Naokazu Miyamura, Tatsuo Cheng, R. Holland TI Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CAPSID PROTEIN; TRUNCATED ORF2; PARTICLES; VACCINE; EPITOPES; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen that causes acute hepatitis. When an HEV capsid protein containing a 52-amino-acid deletion at the C terminus and a 111-amino-acid deletion at the N terminus is expressed in insect cells, the recombinant HEV capsid protein can self-assemble into a T=1 virus-like particle (VLP) that retains the antigenicity of the native HEV virion. In this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to show that anti-HEV monoclonal antibodies bind to the protruding domain of the capsid protein at the lateral side of the spikes. Molecular docking of the HEV VLP crystal structure revealed that Fab224 covered three surface loops of the recombinant truncated second open reading frame (ORF2) protein (PORF2) at the top part of the spike. We also determined the structure of a chimeric HEV VLP and located the inserted B-cell tag, an epitope of 11 amino acids coupled to the C-terminal end of the recombinant ORF2 protein. The binding site of Fab224 appeared to be distinct from the location of the inserted B-cell tag, suggesting that the chimeric VLP could elicit immunity against both HEV and an inserted foreign epitope. Therefore, the T=1 HEV VLP is a novel delivery system for displaying foreign epitopes at the VLP surface in order to induce antibodies against both HEV and the inserted epitope. C1 [Xing, Li; Wang, Joseph C.; Cheng, R. Holland] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Xing, Li] F68 Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst Struct Virol, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, Tian-Cheng; Takeda, Naokazu; Miyamura, Tatsuo] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo 162, Japan. [Yasutomi, Yasuhiro] Natl Inst Biomed Innovat, Tsukuba Primate Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3050843, Japan. [Lara, James; Khudyakov, Yury] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schofield, Darren; Emerson, Suzanne U.; Purcell, Robert H.] NIAID, Hepatitis Virus Sect, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Cheng, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rhch@ucdavis.edu RI Cheng, Holland/A-8973-2008 FU STINT Foundation; Medical Research Council; PIOMS Institutional Program; Swedish Research Council; Cancer Research and Discovery Programs; NSC FX This project was supported in part by grants from the STINT Foundation, the Medical Research Council, and the PIOMS Institutional Program to R.H.C. This study was also partly funded by a grant from the Swedish Research Council to L.X. J.C.W. and L.X. were supported by grants from the Cancer Research and Discovery Programs, respectively. J.C.W. was initially supported by a grant from NSC as an exchange student under the cosupervision of D. M. Liou and Y. J. Sung. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 2 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.1128/JVI.00657-10 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 697XY UT WOS:000285554300045 PM 21068233 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, EC Harris, JR da Goia, MS Barrado, JCD da Nobrega, AA de Alvarenga, IC Silva, AP Sobel, J Mintz, E AF Cavallaro, Elizabeth C. Harris, Julie R. da Goia, Mauricio Serafim dos Santos Barrado, Jean Carlos da Nobrega, Aglaer Alves de Alvarenga Junior, Inacio Carvalho Silva, Augusto Paulo Sobel, Jeremy Mintz, Eric TI Evaluation of pot-chlorination of wells during a cholera outbreak, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cholera; pot-chlorinators; Vibrio cholerae; well chlorination ID WATER-TREATMENT; MADAGASCAR; QUALITY AB We evaluated the ability of UNICEF-designed pot-chlorinators to achieve recommended free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in well water in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during a cholera outbreak. Thirty wells were randomly selected from six neighbourhoods. Pot-chlorinators - perforated plastic bottles filled with gravel, sand and calcium hypochlorite granules - were placed in each well. FRC was measured before and 24, 48 and 72 h after placement and compared with World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended levels of >= 1 mg L(-1) for well water during cholera outbreaks and 0.2-5 mg L(-1) in non-outbreak settings. Presence of well covers, distance from wells to latrines, and rainfall were noted. Complete post-chlorination data were collected from 26 wells. At baseline, no wells had FRC >0.09 mg L(-1). At 24, 48 and 72 h post-chlorination, 4 (15%), 1 (4%) and 0 wells had FRC >= 1 mg L(-1) and 16 (62%), 4 (15%) and 1 (4%) wells had FRC between 0.2 and 5 mg L(-1), respectively. Several families reported discontinuing household water chlorination after wells were treated with pot-chlorinators. Pot-chlorinators failed to achieve WHO-recommended FRC levels in well water during a cholera outbreak, and conveyed a false sense of security to local residents. Pot-chlorination should be discouraged and alternative approaches to well-water disinfection promoted. C1 [Cavallaro, Elizabeth C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Global WASH Epidemiol Team, WDPB,DBFMD,NCEZID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harris, Julie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [da Goia, Mauricio Serafim] Ao Cuidado Eng Leonel Gomes, Bissau Dept Water & Sanitat, Bxo, Guinea Bissau. [dos Santos Barrado, Jean Carlos] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Sergio Arouca Publ Hlth Natl Sch, BR-21041210 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [da Nobrega, Aglaer Alves] Esplanada Minist, EPISUS CIEVS SVS, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [de Alvarenga Junior, Inacio Carvalho] WHO Guinea Bissau, Bissau, Guinea Bissau. [Silva, Augusto Paulo] Minist Saude Secretaria Estado, Bissau, Guinea Bissau. [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Cavallaro, EC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Global WASH Epidemiol Team, WDPB,DBFMD,NCEZID, Mailstop C-25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ejc0@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.2166/wh.2011.122 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 769JO UT WOS:000291008900016 PM 21942203 ER PT J AU Sodha, SV Menon, M Trivedi, K Ati, A Figueroa, ME Ainslie, R Wannemuehler, K Quick, R AF Sodha, Samir V. Menon, M. Trivedi, K. Ati, A. Figueroa, M. E. Ainslie, R. Wannemuehler, K. Quick, R. TI Microbiologic effectiveness of boiling and safe water storage in South Sulawesi, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE contamination; household; point-of-use; storage; water ID POINT-OF-USE; HOUSEHOLD DRINKING-WATER; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DISINFECTING WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHILD-MORTALITY; RURAL GUATEMALA; DIARRHEA; COST; CONTAMINATION AB In Indonesia, where diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality among children <5 years, the government promotes boiling of drinking water. We assessed the impact of boiling on water quality in South Sulawesi. We surveyed randomly selected households with at least one child <5 years old in two rural districts and tested source and stored water samples for Escherichia coli contamination. Among 242 households, 96% of source and 51% of stored water samples yielded E. coli. Unboiled water samples, obtained from 15% of households, were more likely to yield E. coli than boiled samples [prevalence ratios (PR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-2.5]. Water stored in wide-mouthed (PR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8) or uncovered (PR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4) containers, or observed to be touched by the respondent's hands (PR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-2.1) was more likely to yield E. coli. A multivariable model showed that households that did not boil water were more likely to have contaminated stored water than households that did boil water (PR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.3). Although this study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, overall impact on water quality was suboptimal. Future studies are needed to identify factors behind the success of boiling water in Indonesia to inform efforts to scale up other effective water treatment practices. C1 [Sodha, Samir V.; Menon, M.; Trivedi, K.; Wannemuehler, K.; Quick, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ati, A.; Figueroa, M. E.; Ainslie, R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicat Program, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Sodha, SV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssodha@cdc.gov FU Institute for Public Health and Water Research (IPWR) FX This project was supported by funding from the Institute for Public Health and Water Research (IPWR). We appreciate the logistical and administrative support provided by CARE Indonesia, especially by Rieneke Rolos. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 BP 577 EP 585 DI 10.2166/wh.2011.255 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 804AC UT WOS:000293624300015 PM 21976204 ER PT J AU Klug, BJ Turmelle, AS Ellison, JA Baerwald, EF Barclay, RMR AF Klug, Brandon J. Turmelle, Amy S. Ellison, James A. Baerwald, Erin F. Barclay, Robert M. R. TI RABIES PREVALENCE IN MIGRATORY TREE-BATS IN ALBERTA AND THE INFLUENCE OF ROOSTING ECOLOGY AND SAMPLING METHOD ON REPORTED PREVALENCE OF RABIES IN BATS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; epidemiology; hoary bat; Lasionycteris noctivagans; Lasiurus cinereus; rabies surveillance; silver-haired bat; turbine-related fatalities ID WIND ENERGY FACILITIES; NEW-YORK-STATE; UNITED-STATES; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; TERRESTRIAL CARNIVORES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE AB The migratory tree-roosting hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) are among the bat species with the highest reported prevalence of rabies in North America. However, bats submitted for rabies testing typically have been those that have come in contact with humans or pets. Given the roosting ecology of L. cinereus and L. noctivagans, contact with healthy individuals of these species is expected to be rare, with a bias in contact and submission of infected individuals and thus an overestimation of rabies prevalence. We tested 121 L. cinereus and 96 L. noctivagans specimens, collected during mortality surveys at wind energy facilities in Southern Alberta, Canada in 2007 and 2008, for rabies. None of the L. cinereus (0%) and one L. noctivagans (1%) tested positive for rabies. Prevalence of rabies was significantly lower than previously reported estimates, passive and active, for L. cinereus and L. noctivagans. In a review of the literature including multiple bat species, we found a significant difference in estimates of rabies prevalence based on passive versus active surveillance testing. Furthermore, roosting ecology influenced estimates of rabies prevalence, with significantly higher prevalence among passive surveillance submissions of nonsynanthropic species compared to synanthropic species, a trend not evident in active surveillance reports. We conclude that rabies prevalence in randomly collected L. cinereus and L. noctivagans is low and comparable to active surveillance estimates from other species (<= 1%), and that roosting ecology influences estimates of rabies prevalence among bats submitted to public health laboratories in North America. C1 [Klug, Brandon J.; Baerwald, Erin F.; Barclay, Robert M. R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Turmelle, Amy S.; Ellison, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klug, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr 1 NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bjklug@gmail.com RI Barclay, Robert/D-5514-2012; Ellison, James/C-1402-2013; OI Ellison, James/0000-0003-4492-4857; Baerwald, Erin/0000-0002-6399-4749 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; TransAlta Wind; Enmax; Suncor; Alberta Wind Energy Corporation; Shell Canada; Bat Conservation International; North American Bat Conservation Partnership; Alberta Conservation Association FX We thank J. Carpenter, K. Jonasson, B. McKnight, and all others who were involved in collecting samples at our study site, as well as D. Patton and his team for contributing additional samples. Rabies diagnostics were made possible by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Rabies Program in Atlanta, Georgia. Funding was provided by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to E.F.B. and R.M.R.B., and by TransAlta Wind, Enmax, Suncor, Alberta Wind Energy Corporation, Shell Canada, Bat Conservation International, the North American Bat Conservation Partnership, and the Alberta Conservation Association to E.F.B. and R.M.R.B. Use of trade names and commercial sources are for identification only and do not imply endorsement by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their institutions. NR 127 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 720KS UT WOS:000287280200008 PM 21269998 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Maloney, EM Lin, JM Jones, JF Wieser, F Nater, UM Heim, CM Reeves, WC AF Boneva, Roumiana S. Maloney, Elizabeth M. Lin, Jin-Mann Jones, James F. Wieser, Friedrich Nater, Urs M. Heim, Christine M. Reeves, William C. TI Gynecological History in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Population-Based Case-Control Study SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HYSTERECTOMY PREVALENCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MENOPAUSE; WOMEN; RISK; FIBROMYALGIA; OOPHORECTOMY; ESTROGEN; ENDOMETRIOSIS; PROGESTERONE AB Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) affects disproportionately more women than men, and the condition is more common at perimenopause. We examined gynecological history events as risk factors for CFS. Methods: In a case-control study from a randomly selected population sample from Wichita, Kansas, 36 women with CFS and 48 nonfatigued controls, of similar age, race, and body mass index (BMI), answered a structured gynecological history questionnaire. Results: CFS cases and controls had the same mean age (51 years) and age at menarche (12 years). Overall, a greater proportion of women with CFS than controls reported pelvic pain unrelated to menstruation (22.2% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.004), endometriosis (36.1% vs. 16.7, %, p=0.046), and periods of amenorrhea (53.9% vs. 46.2%, p=0.06). Compared to controls, women in the CFS group had a higher mean number of pregnancies (2.8 vs 2.0, p=0.05) and gynecological surgeries (1.8 vs. 1.1, p=0.05). Similar proportions of the CFS (69.4%) and control (72.9%) groups were menopausal. Although menopausal women in the CFS and control groups had similar mean age (55.5 and 55.8, respectively), menopause occurred about 4.4 years earlier in the CFS group (41.7 years vs. 46.1 years, respectively, p=0.11). Among menopausal women, 76% of the CFS group reported hysterectomy vs. 54.6% of controls (p=0.09), and 56% of women with CFS reported oophorectomy vs. 34.3% of controls (p=0.11). Conclusions: The higher prevalence of gynecological conditions and gynecological surgeries in women with CFS highlights the importance of evaluating gynecological health in these patients and the need for more research to clarify the chronologic and the pathophysiological relationships between these conditions and CFS. C1 [Boneva, Roumiana S.; Maloney, Elizabeth M.; Lin, Jin-Mann; Jones, James F.; Nater, Urs M.; Heim, Christine M.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wieser, Friedrich] Emory Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nater, Urs M.] Univ Zurich, Dept Psychiat, Zurich, Switzerland. [Heim, Christine M.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Boneva, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rboneva@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1089/jwh.2009.1900 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 709NH UT WOS:000286446900003 PM 21091051 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ AF Sejvar, James J. TI Neurological infections: influenza in the spotlight SO LANCET NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS C1 [Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM jsejvar@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1474-4422 J9 LANCET NEUROL JI Lancet Neurol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70308-2 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 701HX UT WOS:000285810100010 PM 21163441 ER PT J AU O'Connell, HA Rose, LJ Shams, AM Arduino, MJ Rice, EW AF O'Connell, H. A. Rose, L. J. Shams, A. M. Arduino, M. J. Rice, E. W. TI Chlorine disinfection of Francisella tularensis SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorine; disinfection; drinking water; Francisella tularensis; select agents; tularemia; waterborne illness ID STRAIN; TULAREMIA; SURVIVAL; AGENTS AB Aims: To determine the range of free available chlorine (FAC) required for disinfection of the live vaccine strain (LVS) and wild-type strains of Francisella tularensis. Methods and Results: Seven strains of planktonic F. tularensis were exposed to 0 center dot 5 mg center dot l-1 FAC for two pH values, 7 and 8, at 5 and 25 degrees C. LVS was inactivated 2 to 4 times more quickly than any of the wild-type F. tularensis strains at pH 8 and 5 degrees C. Conclusions: Free available chlorine residual concentrations routinely maintained in drinking water distribution systems would require up to two hours to reduce all F. tularensis strains by 4 log(10). LVS was inactivated most quickly of the tested strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work provides contact time (CT) values that are useful for drinking water risk assessment and also suggests that LVS may not be a good surrogate in disinfection studies. C1 [O'Connell, H. A.; Rose, L. J.; Shams, A. M.; Arduino, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rice, E. W.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP O'Connell, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ftw2@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X FU EPA [92288001-1]; CDC [92288001-1] FX This research is made possible by an intra-agency agreement between the EPA and CDC, # 92288001-1. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02971.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 693DX UT WOS:000285205900013 PM 21189486 ER PT B AU Piesman, J Humair, PF AF Piesman, Joseph Humair, Pierre-Francois BE Sood, SK TI THE SPIROCHETES AND VECTOR TICKS OF LYME BORRELIOSIS IN NATURE SO LYME BORRELIOSIS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISEASE-ENDEMIC AREA; SPIELMANII SP-NOV; DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SCAPULARIS NYMPHS; RESERVOIR HOSTS C1 [Piesman, Joseph] CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-93395-4; 978-0-470-64752-3 PY 2011 BP 37 EP 51 D2 10.1002/9780470933961 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BA8OK UT WOS:000338352700003 ER PT B AU Johnson, BJB Aguero-Rosenfeld, ME Wilske, B AF Johnson, Barbara J. B. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E. Wilske, Bettina BE Sood, SK TI SERODIAGNOSIS OF LYME BORRELIOSIS SO LYME BORRELIOSIS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ACRODERMATITIS CHRONICA ATROPHICANS; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CONFIRMED ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; SPIELMANII SP-NOV; VLSE IR6 PEPTIDE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID C1 [Johnson, Barbara J. B.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Johnson, BJB (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-93395-4; 978-0-470-64752-3 PY 2011 BP 185 EP 212 D2 10.1002/9780470933961 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BA8OK UT WOS:000338352700011 ER PT J AU Fox, LM AF Fox, LeAnne M. BE Lee, BB Bergan, J Rockson, SG TI Epidemiology SO LYMPHEDEMA: A CONCISE COMPENDIUM OF THEORY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; WOLBACHIA ENDOSYMBIONTS; HAITIAN CHILDREN; GLOBAL PROGRAM; INFECTION; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; DOXYCYCLINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-85729-567-5 PY 2011 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5_56 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA BZS65 UT WOS:000302836100056 ER PT J AU Ferre, C Handler, A Hsia, J Barfield, W Collins, JW AF Ferre, Cynthia Handler, Arden Hsia, Jason Barfield, Wanda Collins, James W., Jr. TI Changing Trends in Low Birth Weight Rates Among Non-Hispanic Black Infants in the United States, 1991-2004 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Non-Hispanic blacks; Low birth weight; Preterm birth; Trend analyses; Prenatal care; Socioeconomic status ID PRETERM DELIVERY RATES; MONITORING-SYSTEM PRAMS; NEW-YORK-CITY; PRENATAL-CARE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; MEDICAID EXPANSIONS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; FETAL-GROWTH; SEPTEMBER 11TH; WELFARE-REFORM AB We examined trends in low birth weight (LBW, < 2,500 g) rates among US singleton non-Hispanic black infants between 1991 and 2004. We conducted Joinpoint regression analyses, using birth certificate data, to describe trends in LBW, moderately LBW (MLBW, 1,500-2,499 g), and very LBW (VLBW, < 1,500 g) rates. We then conducted cross-sectional and binomial regression analyses to relate these trends to changes in maternal or obstetric factors. Non-Hispanic black LBW rates declined -7.35% between 1991 and 2001 and then increased +4.23% through 2004. The LBW trends were not uniform across birth weight subcategories. Among MLBW births, the 1991-2001 decease was -10.20%; the 2001-2004 increase was +5.61%. VLBW did not follow this pattern, increasing +3.84% between 1991 and 1999 and then remaining relatively stable through 2004. In adjusted models, the 1991-2001 MLBW rate decrease was associated with changes in first-trimester prenatal care, cigarette smoking, education levels, maternal foreign-born status, and pregnancy weight gain. The 2001-2004 MLBW rate increase was independent of changes in observed maternal demographic characteristics, prenatal care, and obstetric variables. Between 1991 and 2001, progress occurred in reducing MLBW rates among non-Hispanic black infants. This progress was not maintained between 2001 and 2004 nor did it occur for VLBW infants between 1991 and 2004. Observed population changes in maternal socio-demographic and health-related factors were associated with the 1991-2001 decrease, suggesting multiple risk factors need to be simultaneously addressed to reduce non-Hispanic black LBW rates. C1 [Ferre, Cynthia; Hsia, Jason; Barfield, Wanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Handler, Arden] Univ Illinois, Div Community Hlth Sci, Maternal & Child Hlth Program, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Collins, James W., Jr.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Pediat, Feinberg Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Ferre, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cferre@cdc.gov; handler@uic.edu; jhsia@cdc.gov; wbarfield@cdc.gov; jcollins@northwestern.edu NR 97 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10995-010-0570-2 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703TM UT WOS:000286004200005 PM 20111989 ER PT J AU Tan, KR Lampe, MA Danner, SP Kissinger, P Webber, MP Cohen, MH O'Sullivan, MJ Nesheim, S Jamieson, DJ AF Tan, Kathrine R. Lampe, Margaret A. Danner, Susan P. Kissinger, Patricia Webber, Mayris P. Cohen, Mardge H. O'Sullivan, Mary Jo Nesheim, Steven Jamieson, Denise J. TI Factors Associated with Declining a Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test in Labor and Delivery SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; Pregnancy; Rapid HIV testing; Labor and delivery ID HIV-INFECTION; WOMEN; HOSPITALS; CARE AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend routine rapid HIV testing in labor and delivery (L&D) for women with undocumented HIV status using an opt-out approach. Identifying factors associated with declining a rapid HIV test in L&D will be helpful in developing strategies to improve rapid HIV testing uptake. Data from the Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery study were analyzed. Women a parts per thousand yen24 weeks gestation, in labor, with undocumented HIV status were offered rapid HIV testing using informed consent. Women who declined rapid HIV testing (decliners) but agreed to be interviewed were compared to women who accepted testing (acceptors). 102 decliners and 478 acceptors met inclusion criteria for analysis. Decliners of rapid HIV testing were more likely to have had prenatal care (PNC), after adjusting for age, Hispanic ethnicity, high-school education and city of enrollment (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.06-5.58). Having had PNC was collinear with prior HIV education and previous offer of an HIV test during the current pregnancy, so these factors were not part of the model. During PNC, standard informed consent may involve discussions that negatively affect later uptake of testing in L&D. Therefore an opt-out approach to testing may improve testing rates. Furthermore, decliners may have felt that testing in L&D was redundant because of previous testing during PNC; however, if previous testing occurred, this was undocumented at L&D. Documentation and timely communication of HIV status is critical to provide appropriate HIV prophylaxis. C1 [Tan, Kathrine R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lampe, Margaret A.; Danner, Susan P.; Nesheim, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kissinger, Patricia] Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Webber, Mayris P.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Cohen, Mardge H.] Stroger Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Cohen, Mardge H.] Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [O'Sullivan, Mary Jo] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tan, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kit4@cdc.gov; mol0@cdc.gov; spd1@cdc.gov; kissing@tulane.edu; mwebber@montefiore.org; mcohen@aol.com; mosullivan@med.miami.edu; djj0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10995-009-0562-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703TM UT WOS:000286004200014 PM 20063178 ER PT J AU Krause, JC Ekiert, DC Tumpey, TM Smith, PB Wilson, IA Crowe, JE AF Krause, Jens C. Ekiert, Damian C. Tumpey, Terrence M. Smith, Patricia B. Wilson, Ian A. Crowe, James E., Jr. TI An Insertion Mutation That Distorts Antibody Binding Site Architecture Enhances Function of a Human Antibody SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; A(H1N1) INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; MEMORY B-CELLS; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES; DNA; ORIGIN; RECOMBINATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; DELETIONS AB The structural and functional significance of somatic insertions and deletions in antibody chains is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a naturally occurring three-amino-acid insertion within the influenza virus-specific human monoclonal antibody 2D1 heavy-chain variable region reconfigures the antibody-combining site and contributes to its high potency against the 1918 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses. The insertion arose through a series of events, including a somatic point mutation in a predicted hot-spot motif, introduction of a new hot-spot motif, a molecular duplication due to polymerase slippage, a deletion due to misalignment, and additional somatic point mutations. Atomic resolution structures of the wild-type antibody and a variant in which the insertion was removed revealed that the three-amino-acid insertion near the base of heavy-chain complementarity-determining region (CDR) H2 resulted in a bulge in that loop. This enlarged CDR H2 loop impinges on adjacent regions, causing distortion of the CDR H1 architecture and its displacement away from the antigen-combining site. Removal of the insertion restores the canonical structure of CDR H1 and CDR H2, but binding, neutralization activity, and in vivo activity were reduced markedly because of steric conflict of CDR H1 with the hemagglutinin antigen. IMPORTANCE Antibody diversification through VDJ gene recombination, junctional variation, and somatic hypermutation has clear importance for the generation of mature, high-affinity antibodies. Between 1.3 and 6.5% of antibody variable gene sequences have been reported to contain insertions or deletions, but their structural and functional significance remains less well defined. The pandemic influenza virus hemagglutinin antibody 2D1 data suggest that somatic insertions and deletions in antibody genes contribute important structural and functional features. We predict that such features can be critical for affinity and functional maturation of the human antibody repertoire. C1 [Krause, Jens C.; Smith, Patricia B.; Crowe, James E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Ekiert, Damian C.; Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ekiert, Damian C.; Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crowe, James E., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN USA. RP Crowe, JE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu RI Crowe, James/B-5549-2009; OI Crowe, James/0000-0002-0049-1079; Ekiert, Damian/0000-0002-2570-0404 FU NIH [P01 AI058113, GM080209]; Department of Defense [HDTRA1-08-10-BRCWMD-BAA]; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society fellowship; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Cancer Institute [Y1-CO-1020]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Y1-GM-1104]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by NIH grant P01 AI058113, Department of Defense grant HDTRA1-08-10-BRCWMD-BAA, and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology. J.C.K. was supported by a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society fellowship award. J.E.C. is a Burroughs Wellcome Fund clinical scientist in translational research. D. C. E. acknowledges predoctoral support from the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation and the NIH Molecular Evolution Training Program (GM080209).; Portions of this research were also carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. GM/CA-CAT has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (Y1-CO-1020) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Y1-GM-1104). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 AR e00345-10 DI 10.1128/mBio.00345-10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 734XK UT WOS:000288375400023 PM 21304166 ER PT J AU Subramanian, S Trogdon, J Ekwueme, DU Gardner, JG Whitmire, JT Rao, C AF Subramanian, Sujha Trogdon, Justin Ekwueme, Donatus U. Gardner, James G. Whitmire, J. Timothy Rao, Chandrika TI Cost of Breast Cancer Treatment in Medicaid Implications for State Programs Providing Coverage for Low-Income Women SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Medicaid; breast cancer; treatment cost ID CLINICAL COMORBIDITY INDEX; TREATMENT ACT; CHEMOTHERAPY; PREVENTION; MODELS AB Background: To date, no study has reported on the cost of treating breast cancer among Medicaid beneficiaries younger than 65 years of age. This information is essential for assessing the funding required for treatment programs established by the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000. Objective: This study assesses the incremental cost of breast cancer treatment among Medicaid beneficiaries aged below 65 years. Research Design: Administrative data from the North Carolina Medicaid program linked with cancer registry data were analyzed to derive monthly Medicaid costs for cancer patients and the incremental costs of breast cancer treatment at 6, 12, and 24 months from diagnosis. We compared 848 beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer during the years 2002 to 2004 with 1696 comparison cases matched on age. Results: With the exception of in situ cancers, the cost of cancer care continued to increase beyond the initial 6-month period. The incremental costs at 6 months after diagnosis are $ 14,341, $ 24,002, and $ 34,469 for those with local, regional, and distant breast cancers, respectively; and these costs increased to $ 22,343, $ 41,005, and $ 117,033 at 24 months. Conclusions: The extended period of health care utilization, beyond the immediate 6-month period after diagnosis, indicates that Medicaid coverage may be required for many months after diagnosis to complete treatment. Continuous Medicaid coverage should be provided for an adequate time period to ensure that complete and comprehensive treatment is provided. C1 [Subramanian, Sujha; Trogdon, Justin] RTI Int, Waltham, MA USA. [Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Gardner, James G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whitmire, J. Timothy; Rao, Chandrika] N Carolina Dept Environm Hlth & Nat Resources, State Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. RP Subramanian, S (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 1440 Main St,Suite 310, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. EM ssubramanian@rti.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [200-2002-00575] FX Supported (in part) by Contract No. 200-2002-00575 TO 06 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181f81c32 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695XW UT WOS:000285407100012 PM 21079524 ER PT J AU Jia, H Zack, MM Moriarty, DG Fryback, DG AF Jia, Haomiao Zack, Matthew M. Moriarty, David G. Fryback, Dennis G. TI Predicting the EuroQol Group's EQ-5D Index from CDC's "Healthy Days" in a US Sample SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE health-related quality of life; EQ-5D; Healthy Days measures; cost-effectiveness analysis ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; SCORES; SF-12; POPULATION; DISEASE; BURDEN; INCOME; SF-36 AB Background. Obtaining reliable preference-based scores from the widely used Healthy Days measures would enable calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost-utility analyses in many US community populations and over time. Previous studies translating the Healthy Days to the EQ-5D, a preference-based measure, relied on an indirect method because of a lack of population-based survey data that asked both sets of questions of the same respondents. Method. Data from the 2005-2006 National Health Measurement Study (NHMS; n = 3844 adults 35 years old or older) were used to develop regression-based models to estimate EQ-5D index scores from self-reported age, self-rated general health, and numbers of unhealthy days. Results. The models explained up to 52% of the variance in the EQ-5D. Estimated EQ-5D scores matched well to the observed EQ-5D scores in mean scores overall and by age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, smoking, and disease categories. The average absolute differences were 0.005 to 0.006 on a health utility scale. After estimating mean EQ-5D index scores overall and for various subgroups in a large representative US sample of Healthy Days respondents, the authors found that these mean scores also closely matched the corresponding mean scores of EQ-5D respondents obtained from another large US representative sample with an average absolute difference of 0.013 points. Conclusions. This study yielded a mapping algorithm to estimate EQ-5D index scores from the Healthy Days measures for populations of adults 35 years old and older. Such analysis confirms it is feasible to estimate mean EQ-5D index scores with acceptable validity for use in calculating QALYs and cost-utility analyses based on the overall model fit and relatively small differences between the observed and the estimated mean scores. C1 [Jia, Haomiao] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY USA. [Jia, Haomiao] Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Zack, Matthew M.; Moriarty, David G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fryback, Dennis G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Jia, H (reprint author), 617 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM hj2198@columbia.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2008-M-27599]; National Institute on Aging [P01AG020679] FX Received 18 November 2008 from the School of Nursing and Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York (HJ); Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (MMZ, DGM); and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison (DGF). At the time the research was conducted, DGM was affiliated with the CDC. This study has been supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, contract No, 200-2008-M-27599 (HJ), and by the National Institute on Aging grant P01AG020679 (DGF). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revision accepted for publication 3 February 2010. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1177/0272989X10364845 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 717CQ UT WOS:000287021000017 PM 20375418 ER PT S AU Mumtaz, MM Hansen, H Pohl, HR AF Mumtaz, Moiz M. Hansen, Hugh Pohl, Hana R. BE Sigel, A Sigel, H Sigel, RKO TI Mixtures and Their Risk Assessment in Toxicology SO METAL IONS IN TOXICOLOGY: EFFECTS, INTERACTIONS, INTERDEPENDENCIES SE Metal Ions in Life Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE chemical mixtures; innovative methods; risk assessment ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; IN-VITRO; PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; TISSUE-REPAIR; METAL MIXTURE; CYP2E1 GENE AB For communities generally and for persons living in the vicinity of waste sites specifically, potential exposures to chemical mixtures are genuine concerns. Such concerns often arise from perceptions of a site's higher than anticipated toxicity due to synergistic interactions among chemicals. This chapter outlines some historical approaches to mixtures risk assessment. It also outlines ATSDR's current approach to toxicity risk assessment. The ATSDR's joint toxicity assessment guidance for chemical mixtures addresses interactions among components of chemical mixtures. The guidance recommends a series of steps that include simple calculations for a systematic analysis of data leading to conclusions regarding any hazards chemical mixtures might pose. These conclusions can, in turn, lead to recommendations such as targeted research to fill data gaps, development of new methods using current science, and health education to raise awareness of residents and health care providers. The chapter also provides examples of future trends in chemical mixtures assessment. C1 [Mumtaz, Moiz M.; Hansen, Hugh; Pohl, Hana R.] US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgm4@cdc.gov; hrp1@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1559-0836 BN 978-1-84973-091-4 J9 METAL IONS LIFE SCI PY 2011 VL 8 BP 61 EP 80 DI 10.1039/978184973211600061 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA BSV56 UT WOS:000285938000003 PM 21473376 ER PT S AU Fowler, BA AF Fowler, Bruce A. BE Sigel, A Sigel, H Sigel, RKO TI Metal Ions Affecting the Kidney SO METAL IONS IN TOXICOLOGY: EFFECTS, INTERACTIONS, INTERDEPENDENCIES SE Metal Ions in Life Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE arsenic; biomarkers; cadmium; gallium; inclusion bodies; indium; lead; mercury; metallic mixtures; metallothionein; selenium; semiconductors ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; METHYL MERCURY EXPOSURE; LEAD-BINDING-PROTEINS; CADMIUM-METALLOTHIONEIN; RAT; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; BIOMARKERS; INDIUM AB This chapter provides a succinct summary of the nephrotoxic effects of a number of metals/metalloids on an individual or mixture basis. There is a discussion of routes of exposure, mechanisms of uptake by renal cells and the potential impact of nanomaterials on these processes. An emphasis is placed on the toxicity of these metals/metalloids to individual cell types in the kidney and the application of biomarkers for the early detection of kidney cell injury prior to the onset of an overt clinical state such as end-stage renal disease. The issue of interactions between nephrotoxic metals in mixture exposures is discussed in relation to the application of molecular biomarkers for early detection of renal cell injury. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bfowler@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1559-0836 BN 978-1-84973-091-4 J9 METAL IONS LIFE SCI PY 2011 VL 8 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1039/978184973211600133 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA BSV56 UT WOS:000285938000006 PM 21473379 ER PT S AU Roney, N Abadin, HG Fowler, B Pohl, HR AF Roney, Nickolette Abadin, Henry G. Fowler, Bruce Pohl, Hana R. BE Sigel, A Sigel, H Sigel, RKO TI Metal Ions Affecting the Hematological System SO METAL IONS IN TOXICOLOGY: EFFECTS, INTERACTIONS, INTERDEPENDENCIES SE Metal Ions in Life Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE hematology; hematotoxicity; interactions; metals; mixtures ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; BLOOD LEAD; DIETARY ZINC; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN; IRON STATUS; COPPER; RATS; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; THERAPY AB Many metals are essential elements and necessary for proper biological function at low intake levels. However, exposure to high intake levels of these metals may result in adverse effects. In addition, exposures to mixtures of metals may produce interactions that result in synergistic or antagonistic effects. This chapter focuses on metals that affect the hematological system and how exposures to mixtures of metals may contribute to their hematotoxicity. Exposure to arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, tin or zinc has been shown to produce some effect on the hematological system. Binary interactions resulting from exposure to combinations of metals may increase or decrease the hematotoxicity induced by individual metals. For example, copper, iron, and zinc have been shown to have a protective effect on the hematotoxicity of lead. In contrast, co-exposure to manganese may increase the hematotoxicity of lead. C1 [Roney, Nickolette; Abadin, Henry G.; Fowler, Bruce; Pohl, Hana R.] US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roney, N (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nroney@cdc.gov; hga0@cdc.gov; bxf9@cdc.gov; hrp1@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1559-0836 BN 978-1-84973-091-4 J9 METAL IONS LIFE SCI PY 2011 VL 8 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1039/978184973211600143 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA BSV56 UT WOS:000285938000007 PM 21473380 ER PT S AU Pohl, HR Roney, N Abadin, HG AF Pohl, Hana R. Roney, Nickolette Abadin, Henry G. BE Sigel, A Sigel, H Sigel, RKO TI Metal Ions Affecting the Neurological System SO METAL IONS IN TOXICOLOGY: EFFECTS, INTERACTIONS, INTERDEPENDENCIES SE Metal Ions in Life Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE antagonism; ethanol; interactions; metals; mixtures; neurotoxicity; PCBs; pesticides; synergism ID METHYL MERCURY TOXICITY; ADULT-RAT BRAIN; LEAD TOXICITY; DIETARY ZINC; NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; COMBINED EXPOSURE; ETHANOL; CADMIUM AB Several individual metals including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, and mercury were demonstrated to affect the neurological system. Metals are ubiquitous in the environment. Environmental and occupational exposure to one metal is likely to be accompanied by exposure to other metals, as well. It is, therefore, expected that interactions or "joint toxic actions" may occur in populations exposed to mixtures of metals or to mixtures of metals with other chemicals. Some metals seem to have a protective role against neurotoxicity of other metals, yet other interactions may result in increased neurotoxicity. For example, zinc and copper provided a protective role in cases of lead-induced neurotoxicity. In contrast, arsenic and lead co-exposure resulted in synergistic effects. Similarly, information is available in the current literature on interactions of metals with some organic chemicals such as ethanol, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides. In depth understanding of the toxicity and the mechanism of action (including toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics) of individual chemicals is important for predicting the outcomes of interactions in mixtures. Therefore, plausible mechanisms of action are also described. C1 [Pohl, Hana R.; Roney, Nickolette; Abadin, Henry G.] US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hrp1@cdc.gov; nxr6@cdc.gov; hga0@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1559-0836 BN 978-1-84973-091-4 J9 METAL IONS LIFE SCI PY 2011 VL 8 BP 247 EP 262 DI 10.1039/978184973211600247 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA BSV56 UT WOS:000285938000010 PM 21473383 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS AF Pappas, R. Steve TI Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Review ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ENHANCED ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MOUTH CANCER-PATIENTS; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AB Biochemically and pathologically, there is strong evidence for both atopic and nonatopic airway sensitization, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation as a consequence of exposure to tobacco mainstream or sidestream smoke particulate. There is growing evidence for the relation between exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke and diseases resulting from reactive oxidant challenge and inflammation directly as a consequence of the combined activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, as a humoral immunological consequence of sensitization, and that the metal components of the particulate play a role in adjuvant effects. As an end consequence, carcinogenicity is a known outcome of chronic inflammation. Smokeless tobacco has been evaluated by the IARC as a group 1 carcinogen. Of the many harmful constituents in smokeless tobacco, oral tissue metallothionein gradients suggest that metals contribute to the toxicity from smokeless tobacco use and possibly sensitization. This work reviews and examines work on probable contributions of toxic metals from tobacco and smoke to pathology observed as a consequence of smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RPappas@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 212 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2011 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1198 DI 10.1039/c1mt00066g PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 839QC UT WOS:000296382200011 PM 21799956 ER PT B AU Schutzer, SE Budowle, B Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morsee, SA AF Schutzer, Steven E. Budowle, Bruce Breeze, Roger G. Keim, Paul S. Morsee, Stephen A. BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Introduction - The Rapidly Evolving Discipline of Microbial Forensics SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID VALIDATION C1 [Schutzer, Steven E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Budowle, Bruce] Univ N Texas, Inst Invest Genet, Dept Forens & Invest Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Breeze, Roger G.] Centaur Sci Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keim, Paul S.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Morsee, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP XIX EP XXII DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00046-3 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100002 ER PT B AU Morse, SA Weirich, E AF Morse, Stephen A. Weirich, Elizabeth BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Select Agent Regulations SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Morse, Stephen A.; Weirich, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 199 EP 220 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00013-X PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100015 ER PT B AU Khan, AS Pesik, N AF Khan, Ali S. Pesik, Nicki BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Forensic Public Health: Epidemiological and Microbiological Investigations for Biosecurity SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; PULSENET; BIOTERRORISM; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; PARITY; VIRUS; USA C1 [Khan, Ali S.; Pesik, Nicki] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 239 EP 256 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00015-3 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100017 ER PT B AU Massung, RF Dasch, GA Eremeeva, ME AF Massung, Robert F. Dasch, Gregory A. Eremeeva, Marina E. BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Rickettsia and Coxiella SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIAE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PLASMID BASED DIFFERENTIATION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE REPEAT REGION; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; VACCINE STRAIN-E; REAL-TIME PCR C1 [Massung, Robert F.; Dasch, Gregory A.; Eremeeva, Marina E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 142 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 277 EP 295 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00017-7 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100019 ER PT B AU Engelthaler, DM Balajee, SA AF Engelthaler, David M. Balajee, S. Arunmozhi BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Forensics and Epidemiology of Fungal Pathogens SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PCR ASSAY; SP NOV.; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCE C1 [Engelthaler, David M.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Engelthaler, DM (reprint author), Translat Genom Res Inst, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 297 EP 314 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00018-9 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100020 ER PT B AU Johnson, RC Kalb, SR Barr, JR AF Johnson, Rudolph C. Kalb, Suzanne R. Barr, John R. BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Toxin Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOTULINUM-NEUROTOXIN-A; ALPHA-AMANITIN; HUMAN URINE; SEROTYPE-A; PROTEIN; RICIN; IDENTIFICATION; SNAP-25; QUANTIFICATION; CLEAVES C1 [Johnson, Rudolph C.; Kalb, Suzanne R.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Kalb, Suzanne/0000-0002-8067-136X NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 405 EP 420 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00024-4 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100026 ER PT B AU Keim, PS Morse, SA Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Budowle, B AF Keim, Paul S. Morse, Stephen A. Schutzer, Steven E. Breeze, Roger G. Budowle, Bruce BE Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Breeze, RG Keim, PS Morse, SA TI Microbial Forensics, What Next? SO MICROBIAL FORENSICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keim, Paul S.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schutzer, Steven E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Breeze, Roger G.] Centaur Sci Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Budowle, Bruce] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Invest Genet, Dept Forens & Invest Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Keim, PS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-382007-5; 978-0-12-382006-8 PY 2011 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382006-8.00041-4 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Legal SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Legal Medicine GA BIE39 UT WOS:000327881100043 ER PT J AU Bjork, A Liu, WM Wertheim, JO Hahn, BH Worobey, M AF Bjork, Adam Liu, Weimin Wertheim, Joel O. Hahn, Beatrice H. Worobey, Michael TI Evolutionary History of Chimpanzees Inferred from Complete Mitochondrial Genomes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE evolution; chimpanzee; phylogeny; relaxed molecular clock; Yule; coalescent ID DIVERGENCE TIMES; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; DNA; SEQUENCES; PAN; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; INFERENCE; DATES AB Investigations into the evolutionary history of the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, have produced inconsistent results due to differences in the types of molecular data considered, the model assumptions employed, and the quantity and geographical range of samples used. We amplified and sequenced 24 complete P. troglodytes mitochondrial genomes from fecal samples collected at multiple study sites throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Using a "relaxed molecular clock," fossil calibrations, and 12 additional complete primate mitochondrial genomes, we analyzed the pattern and timing of primate diversification in a Bayesian framework. Our results support the recognition of four chimpanzee subspecies. Within P. troglodytes, we report a mean (95% highest posterior density [HPD]) time since most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of 1.026 (0.811-1.263) Ma for the four proposed subspecies, with two major lineages. One of these lineages (tMRCA = 0.510 [0.387-0.650] Ma) contains P. t. verus (tMRCA = 0.155 [0.101-0.213] Ma) and P. t. ellioti (formerly P. t. vellerosus; tMRCA = 0.157 [0.102-0.215] Ma), both of which are monophyletic. The other major lineage contains P. t. schweinfurthii (tMRCA = 0.111 [0.077-0.146] Ma), a monophyletic clade nested within the P. t. troglodytes lineage (tMRCA = 0.380 [0.296-0.476] Ma). We utilized two analysis techniques that may be of widespread interest. First, we implemented a Yule speciation prior across the entire primate tree with separate coalescent priors on each of the chimpanzee subspecies. The validity of this approach was confirmed by estimates based on more traditional techniques. We also suggest that accurate tMRCA estimates from large computationally difficult sequence alignments may be obtained by implementing our novel method of bootstrapping smaller randomly subsampled alignments. C1 [Bjork, Adam; Wertheim, Joel O.; Worobey, Michael] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Weimin; Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Bjork, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acbjork@gmail.com OI Bjork, Adam/0000-0001-7544-2987 FU National Institutes of Health [R21 AI065371, R01 AI58715, R37 AI50529]; Institutional Research and Career Development Award; Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank Mike Sanderson for the use of his computer cluster. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R21 AI065371 to M. W., R01 AI58715 and R37 AI50529 to B. H. H., and Institutional Research and Career Development Award fellowship to A. B.), the Packard Foundation to M. W., and the National Science Foundation's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship fellowship in Comparative Genomics to J.O.W. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1093/molbev/msq227 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 696CD UT WOS:000285418600059 PM 20802239 ER PT B AU Lasker, BA Moser, BD Brown, J AF Lasker, Brent A. Moser, Benjamin D. Brown, June BE Liu, D TI Gordonia SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIVERSE GENUS GORDONIA; RUBBER-DEGRADING ACTINOMYCETE; CATHETER-RELATED BACTEREMIA; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; AMARAE COMB-NOV; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; NOCARDIA-AMARAE; DESULFURIZING ACTINOMYCETE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT; SYNTHETIC RUBBERS C1 [Lasker, Brent A.; Moser, Benjamin D.; Brown, June] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Actinomycete Reference Lab, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Zoon, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Actinomycete Reference Lab, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Zoon, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1239-6; 978-1-4398-1238-9 PY 2011 BP 95 EP 110 D2 10.1201/b10848 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC7QK UT WOS:000355145400010 ER PT B AU Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Dasch, Gregory A. BE Liu, D TI Anaplasma SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; IXODES-PERSULCATUS TICKS; NEW-YORK-STATE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PHAGOCYTOPHILUM STRAINS; NEUTROPHIL APOPTOSIS; AP-VARIANT-1 STRAIN C1 [Eremeeva, Marina E.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 143 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1239-6; 978-1-4398-1238-9 PY 2011 BP 601 EP 615 D2 10.1201/b10848 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC7QK UT WOS:000355145400053 ER PT B AU Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Dasch, Gregory A. BE Liu, D TI Rickettsia SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEWLY RECOGNIZED CAUSE; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; WEIL-FELIX TEST C1 [Eremeeva, Marina E.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 145 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1239-6; 978-1-4398-1238-9 PY 2011 BP 683 EP 700 D2 10.1201/b10848 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC7QK UT WOS:000355145400059 ER PT B AU Kugeler, KJ Petersen, JM AF Kugeler, Kiersten J. Petersen, Jeannine M. BE Liu, D TI Francisella tularensis SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; FORMERLY YERSINIA-PHILOMIRAGIA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; TULAREMIA OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; ULCEROGLANDULAR TULAREMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SUBSP TULARENSIS C1 [Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kugeler, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1239-6; 978-1-4398-1238-9 PY 2011 BP 881 EP 891 D2 10.1201/b10848 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC7QK UT WOS:000355145400077 ER PT B AU Lindsley, MD AF Lindsley, Mark D. BE Liu, D TI Blastomyces SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN FUNGAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENETICALLY RELATED STRAINS; PCR-BASED DETECTION; SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; REAL-TIME PCR; HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM; AJELLOMYCES-DERMATITIDIS; PULMONARY BLASTOMYCOSIS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; CANINE BLASTOMYCOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 141 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1241-9; 978-1-4398-1240-2 PY 2011 BP 189 EP 201 D2 10.1201/b11375 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BC8TX UT WOS:000356079600025 ER PT B AU Visvesvara, GS Xiao, LH AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. Xiao, Lihua BE Liu, D TI Anncaliia (Brachiola) SO MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN FUNGAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE; N-SP; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MOSQUITO PARASITE; SPORE GERMINATION; LABORATORY COLONY; GENUS ANNCALIIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROSPORIDIA; INFECTION C1 [Visvesvara, Govinda S.; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1241-9; 978-1-4398-1240-2 PY 2011 BP 807 EP 815 D2 10.1201/b11375 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BC8TX UT WOS:000356079600092 ER PT B AU Tenover, FC Rasheed, JK AF Tenover, Fred C. Rasheed, J. Kamile BE Persing, DH Tenover, FC Tang, YW Nolte, FS Hayden, RT VanBelkum, A TI Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Mutations Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY: DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; NATURALLY-OCCURRING OXACILLINASE; LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN-B; CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; NEW-YORK-CITY C1 [Tenover, Fred C.] Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. [Rasheed, J. Kamile] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Cepheid, 904 Caribbean Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. NR 195 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-497-7 PY 2011 BP 507 EP 524 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BSK39 UT WOS:000284744300032 ER PT B AU Quigley, DI Unger, ER AF Quigley, Denise I. Unger, Elizabeth R. BE Persing, DH Tenover, FC Tang, YW Nolte, FS Hayden, RT VanBelkum, A TI Molecular Detection of Human Papillomaviruses SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY: DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HIGH-RISK HPV; ATYPICAL-SQUAMOUS-CELLS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; E6/E7 MESSENGER-RNA; UNITED-STATES; UNDETERMINED-SIGNIFICANCE; HYBRID CAPTURE-2; NATURAL-HISTORY; GENOTYPING TEST C1 [Quigley, Denise I.] Kaiser Permanente NW Reg Lab, Cytogenet & Mol Genet Lab, Portland, OR 97230 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quigley, DI (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW Reg Lab, Cytogenet & Mol Genet Lab, Portland, OR 97230 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-497-7 PY 2011 BP 593 EP 604 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BSK39 UT WOS:000284744300038 ER PT J AU Nayak, AP Blachere, FM Hettick, JM Lukomski, S Schmechel, D Beezhold, DH AF Nayak, Ajay P. Blachere, Francoise M. Hettick, Justin M. Lukomski, Slawomir Schmechel, Detlef Beezhold, Donald H. TI Characterization of Recombinant Terrelysin, a Hemolysin of Aspergillus terreus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aegerolysin; Terrelysin; Cloning; Aspergillus terreus ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; ASP-HEMOLYSIN; STREP-TAG; BINDING PROTEIN; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; 2-COMPONENT CYTOLYSIN; FRUITING INITIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Fungal hemolysins are potential virulence factors. Some fungal hemolysins belong to the aegerolysin protein family that includes cytolysins capable of lysing erythrocytes and other cells. Here, we describe a hemolysin from Aspergillus terreus called terrelysin. We used the genome sequence database to identify the terrelysin sequence based on homology with other known aegerolysins. Aspergillus terreus mRNA was isolated, transcribed to cDNA and the open reading frame for terrelysin amplified by PCR using specific primers. Using the pASK-IBA6 cloning vector, we produced recombinant terrelysin (rTerrelysin) as a fusion product in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified and using MALDI-TOF MS determined to have a mass of 16,428 Da. Circular dichroism analysis suggests the secondary structure of the protein to be predominantly beta-sheet. Results from thermal denaturation of rTerrelysin show that the protein maintained the beta-sheet confirmation up to 65A degrees C. Polyclonal antibody to rTerrelysin recognized a protein of approximately 16.5 kDa in mycelial extracts from A. terreus. C1 [Nayak, Ajay P.; Blachere, Francoise M.; Hettick, Justin M.; Schmechel, Detlef; Beezhold, Donald H.] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Nayak, Ajay P.; Lukomski, Slawomir] W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Beezhold, DH (reprint author), NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zec1@cdc.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 FU NIEHS [Y1-ES-0001] FX This work was supported in part by an interagency agreement with NIEHS (Y1-ES-0001). The authors would like to thank Dr. P. Gannett and John Jett for assistance in performing the CD analysis and Dr. Clayton Caswell for helpful discussions. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JAN PY 2011 VL 171 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s11046-010-9343-0 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 700PY UT WOS:000285757700003 PM 20632211 ER PT B AU Murashov, V Howard, J AF Murashov, Vladimir Howard, John BE Murashow, V Howard, J TI Nanotechnology Standards Introduction SO NANOTECHNOLOGY STANDARDS SE Nanostructure Science and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS C1 [Murashov, Vladimir; Howard, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Murashov, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM vmurashov@cdc.gov; JHoward1@cdc.gov; JHoward1@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7852-3 J9 NANOSTRUCT SCI TECHN PY 2011 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7853-0_1 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTW13 UT WOS:000288229300001 ER PT B AU Murashov, V Howard, J AF Murashov, Vladimir Howard, John BE Murashow, V Howard, J TI Health and Safety Standards SO NANOTECHNOLOGY STANDARDS SE Nanostructure Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE LIMITS C1 [Murashov, Vladimir; Howard, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Murashov, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM vmurashov@cdc.gov; JHoward1@cdc.gov; JHoward1@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7852-3 J9 NANOSTRUCT SCI TECHN PY 2011 BP 209 EP 238 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7853-0_9 PG 30 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTW13 UT WOS:000288229300009 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Baughman, AL Wise, M Morgan, OW AF Sejvar, James J. Baughman, Andrew L. Wise, Matthew Morgan, Oliver W. TI Population Incidence of Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Guillain-Barre syndrome; Guillain-Barre syndrome, incidence; Guillain-Barre syndrome, meta-analysis ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA VACCINES; CLINICAL-FEATURES; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; DISEASE; SPAIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; SAFETY AB Population incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is required to assess changes in GBS epidemiology, but published estimates of (GBS incidence vary greatly depending on case ascertainmem, definitions, and sample size. We performed a meta-analysis of articles on GBS incidence by searching Medline (1966-2009), Embase (1988-2009), Cinahl (1981-2009) and CABI (1973-2009) as well as article bibliographies. We included studies from North America and Europe with at least 20 cases, and used population-based data, subject matter experts to confirm GBS diagnosis, and an accepted GBS case definition. With these data, we fitted a random-effects negative binomial regression model to estimate age-specific GBS incidence. Of 1,683 nonduplicate citations, 16 met the inclusion criteria, which produced 1,643 cases and 152.7 million person-years of follow-up. GBS incidence increased by 20% for every 10-year increase in age; the risk of GBS was higher for males than females. The regression equation for calculating the average GBS rate per 100,000 person-years as a function of age in years was exp[-12.0771 + 0.01813(age in years)] x 100,000. Our findings provide a robust estimate of background GBS incidence in Western countries. Our regression model may be used in comparable populations to estimate the background age-specific rate of GBS incidence for future studies. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 EI 1423-0208 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1159/000324710 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 747RS UT WOS:000289337700010 PM 21422765 ER PT J AU Smith, AK Fang, H Whistler, T Unger, ER Rajeevan, MS AF Smith, Alicia K. Fang, Hong Whistler, Toni Unger, Elizabeth R. Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. TI Convergent Genomic Studies Identify Association of GRIK2 and NPAS2 with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chronic fatigue syndrome; Genome-wide association; Gene expression; GRIK2; NPAS2; Glutamatergic neurotransmission; Circadian rhythm; Orexin signaling ID GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; MAJOR DEPRESSION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CANDIDATE GENES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SLEEP; IDENTIFICATION; DEFINITION AB Background: There is no consistent evidence of specific gene(s) or molecular pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis, therapeutic intervention or diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). While multiple studies support a role for genetic variation in CFS, genome-wide efforts to identify associated loci remain unexplored. We employed a novel convergent functional genomics approach that incorporates the findings from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mRNA expression studies to identify associations between CFS and novel candidate genes for further investigation. Methods: We evaluated 116,204 SNPs in 40 CFS and 40 nonfatigued control subjects along with mRNA expression of 20,160 genes in a subset of these subjects (35 CFS subjects and 27 controls) derived from a population-based study. Results: Sixty-five SNPs were nominally associated with CFS (p < 0.001), and 165 genes were differentially expressed (>= 4-fold; p <= 0.05) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CFS subjects. Two genes, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kinase 2 (GRIK2) and neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), were identified by both SNP and gene expression analyses. Subjects with the G allele of rs2247215 (GRIK2) were more likely to have CFS (p = 0.0005), and CFS subjects showed decreased GRIK2 expression (10-fold; p = 0.015). Subjects with the T allele of rs356653 (NPAS2) were more likely to have CFS (p = 0.0007), and NPAS2 expression was increased (10-fold; p = 0.027) in those with CFS. Conclusion: Using an integrated genomic strategy, this study suggests a possible role for genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission and circadian rhythm in CFS and supports further study of novel candidate genes in independent populations of CFS subjects. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Smith, Alicia K.; Whistler, Toni; Unger, Elizabeth R.; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fang, Hong] Z Tech Corp, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov RI cheng, yong/I-4270-2012; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU CDC, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology; US Department of Energy; CDC FX Support for A. K. Smith was provided by the research participation program at the CDC, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the CDC. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 2011 VL 64 IS 4 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1159/000326692 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 818OK UT WOS:000294762300001 PM 21912186 ER PT J AU Petersen, BW Rupprecht, CE AF Petersen, Brett W. Rupprecht, Charles E. BE Tkachev, S TI Human Rabies Epidemiology and Diagnosis SO NON-FLAVIVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; 4 TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; BAT RABIES; PARALYTIC RABIES; NORTH-AMERICA; ORGAN DONOR; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION C1 [Petersen, Brett W.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Petersen, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 155 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-720-8 PY 2011 BP 247 EP 278 D2 10.5772/1740 PG 32 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Virology GA BF5QI UT WOS:000382494900012 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JL Chang, J Palmer, SK Gibbs, CP Callaghan, WM AF Hawkins, Joy L. Chang, Jeani Palmer, Susan K. Gibbs, Charles P. Callaghan, William M. TI Anesthesia-Related Maternal Mortality in the United States: 1979-2002 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY; FAILED TRACHEAL INTUBATION; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; DEATHS; SURVEILLANCE; DELIVERY; FORCE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine 12 years of anesthesia-related maternal deaths from 1991 to 2002 and compare them with data from 1979 to 1990, to estimate trends in anesthesia-related maternal mortality over time, and to compare the risks of general and regional anesthesia during cesarean delivery. METHODS: The authors reviewed anesthesia-related maternal deaths that occurred from 1991 to 2002. Type of anesthesia involved, mode of delivery, and cause of death were determined. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios, defined as pregnancy-related deaths due to anesthesia per million live births were calculated. Case fatality rates were estimated by applying a national estimate of the proportion of regional and general anesthetics to the national cesarean delivery rate. RESULTS: Eighty-six pregnancy-related deaths were associated with complications of anesthesia, or 1.6% of total pregnancy-related deaths. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios for deaths related to anesthesia is 1.2 per million live births for 1991-2002, a decrease of 59% from 1979-1990. Deaths mostly occurred among younger women, but the percentage of deaths among women aged 35-39 years increased substantially. Delivery method could not be determined in 14%, but the remaining 86% were undergoing cesarean delivery. Case-fatality rates for general anesthesia were 16.8 per million in 1991-1996 and 6.5 per million in 1997-2002, and for regional anesthesia were 2.5 and 3.8 per million, respectively. The resulting risk ratio between the two techniques for 1997-2002 was 1.7 (confidence interval 0.6-4.6, P=.2). CONCLUSION: Anesthetic-related maternal mortality decreased nearly 60% when data from 1979-1990 were compared with data from 1991-2002. Although case-fatality rates for general anesthesia are falling, rates for regional anesthesia are rising. (Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:69-74) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820093a9 C1 [Hawkins, Joy L.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Anesthesiol Grp, Portland, OR USA. Univ Florida, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Hawkins, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, 12631 E 17th Ave,Mail Stop 8203, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM Joy.Hawkins@ucdenver.edu NR 27 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 117 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820093a9 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 697GI UT WOS:000285500800011 PM 21173646 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, M AF D'Alessandro, Maryann BE Clever, LH Rogers, MEB Schultz, AM Liverman, CT TI Occupational Health Nurses and Respiratory Protection: Improving Education and Training SO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSES AND RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: IMPROVING EDUCATION AND TRAINING LA English DT Article; Book ID TRANSMISSION C1 NIOSH, Sci, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP D'Alessandro, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Sci, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-21548-0 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 62 PG 62 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA BC7HO UT WOS:000354885200001 ER PT J AU Monteilh, C Kieszak, S Flanders, WD Maisonet, M Rubin, C Holmes, AK Heron, J Golding, J McGeehin, MA Marcus, M AF Monteilh, Carolyn Kieszak, Stephanie Flanders, W. Dana Maisonet, Mildred Rubin, Carol Holmes, Adrianne K. Heron, Jon Golding, Jean McGeehin, Michael A. Marcus, Michele TI Timing of maturation and predictors of Tanner stage transitions in boys enrolled in a contemporary British cohort SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE puberty; ALSPAC; Tanner stages; childhood growth; maternal age; maternal gestational diabetes ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PUBERTAL SELF-ASSESSMENT; SEXUAL-MATURATION; OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; EARLY ADOLESCENTS; DELAYED PUBERTY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SECULAR TRENDS; SOUTH-AFRICA AB P>Monteilh C, Kieszak S, Flanders WD, Maisonet M, Rubin C, Holmes AK, Heron J, Golding J, McGeehin MA, Marcus M. The Timing of maturation and predictors of Tanner stage transitions in boys enrolled in a contemporary British cohort. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010. This study describes the timing of puberty in 8- to 14-year-old boys enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and identifies factors associated with earlier achievement of advanced pubic hair stages. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and their offspring were followed prospectively. We analysed self-reported pubic hair Tanner staging collected annually. We used survival models to estimate median age of attainment of pubic hair stage > 1, stage > 2 and stage > 3 of pubic hair development. We also constructed multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with earlier achievement of pubic hair stages. Approximately 5% of the boys reported Tanner pubic hair stage > 1 at age 8; 99% of boys were at stage > 1 by age 14. The estimated median ages of entry into stages of pubic hair development were 11.4 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3, 11.4] for stage > 1, 12.7 years [95% CI 12.7, 12.8] for stage > 2 and 13.5 years [95% CI 13.5, 13.6] for stage > 3. Predictors of younger age at Tanner stage > 1 included low birthweight, younger maternal age at delivery and being taller at age 8. Associations were found between younger age at attainment of stage > 2 and gestational diabetes and taller or heavier body size at age 8. Being taller or heavier at age 8 also predicted younger age at Tanner stage > 3. The results give added support to the strong influence of pre-adolescent body size on male pubertal development; the tallest and heaviest boys at 8 years achieved each stage earlier and the shortest boys later. Age at attainment of pubic hair Tanner stages in the ALSPAC cohort are similar to ages reported in other European studies that were conducted during overlapping time periods. This cohort will continue to be followed for maturational information until age 17. C1 [Flanders, W. Dana; Maisonet, Mildred; Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Monteilh, Carolyn; Kieszak, Stephanie; Flanders, W. Dana; Maisonet, Mildred; Rubin, Carol; Holmes, Adrianne K.; McGeehin, Michael A.; Marcus, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Heron, Jon; Golding, Jean] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mmarcus@emory.edu RI Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; Heron, Jon/D-5884-2011; OI Heron, Jon/0000-0001-6199-5644; Maisonet, Mildred/0000-0003-3561-2632; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307 FU UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust; University of Bristol; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol currently provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors and they will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. This research was specifically funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01168.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 691FO UT WOS:000285065900010 PM 21133972 ER PT J AU Benedict, RE Patz, J Maenner, MJ Arneson, CL Yeargin-Allsopp, M Doernberg, NS Braun, KV Kirby, RS Durkin, MS AF Benedict, Ruth E. Patz, Jean Maenner, Matthew J. Arneson, Carrie L. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Doernberg, Nancy S. Braun, Kim Van Naarden Kirby, Russell S. Durkin, Maureen S. TI Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population-based record surveillance SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; motor function; reliability; surveillance ID FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; OUTCOME TOOLS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; PARTICIPATION; IMPAIRMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISABILITIES; STABILITY AB P>Benedict RE, Patz J, Maenner MJ, Arneson CL, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Doernberg NS, Van Naarden Braun K, Kirby RS, Durkin MS. Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population-based record surveillance. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010. For conditions with wide-ranging consequences, such as cerebral palsy (CP), population-based surveillance provides an estimate of the prevalence of case status but only the broadest understanding of the impact of the condition on children, families or society. Beyond case status, information regarding health, functional skills and participation is necessary to fully appreciate the consequences of the condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of enhancing population-based surveillance by classifying gross motor function (GMF) from information available in medical records of children with CP. We assessed inter-rater reliability of two GMF classification methods, one the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the other a 3-category classification of walking ability: (1) independently, (2) with handheld mobility device, or (3) limited or none. Two qualified clinicians independently reviewed abstracted evaluations from medical records of 8-year-old children residing in southeast Wisconsin, USA who were identified as having CP (n = 154) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Ninety per cent (n = 138) of the children with CP had information in the record after age 4 years and 108 (70%) had adequate descriptions of gross motor skills to classify using the GMFCS. Agreement was achieved on 75.0% of the GMFCS ratings (simple kappa = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI 0.57, 0.78], weighted kappa = 0.83, [95% CI 0.77, 0.89]). Among case children for whom walking ability could be classified (n = 117), approximately half walked independently without devices and one-third had limited or no walking ability. Across walking ability categories, agreement was reached for 94% (simple kappa = 0.90, [95% CI 0.82, 0.96], weighted kappa = 0.94, [95% CI 0.89, 0.98]). Classifying GMF in the context of active records-based surveillance is feasible and reliable. Future surveillance efforts that include functional level among children with cerebral palsy may provide important information for monitoring the impact of the condition for programmatic and policy purposes. C1 [Benedict, Ruth E.; Patz, Jean] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Benedict, Ruth E.; Patz, Jean; Maenner, Matthew J.; Arneson, Carrie L.; Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Maenner, Matthew J.; Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn; Doernberg, Nancy S.; Braun, Kim Van Naarden] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Benedict, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, 3170 Med Sci Ctr,1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rbenedict@wisc.edu RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR3/CCU523235, UR3/DD000078]; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX The protocol for this project was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Social and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board. We are indebted to the project staff and to the hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centres, health care providers, and state public health and rehabilitation agencies whose participation made this study possible. This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Cooperative Agreements UR3/CCU523235 and UR3/DD000078 as part of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. Additional funding for graduate student support for data analysis was provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01164.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 691FO UT WOS:000285065900011 PM 21133973 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Kilbourne, EM Desai, HA AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Kilbourne, Edwin M. Desai, Hema A. TI Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Death Rates from Drug Overdose SO PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Opioid; Analgesic; Overdose; Prescriptions; Abuse; Regulation ID UNITED-STATES; OPIOID ANALGESICS; POISONING DEATHS; MORTALITY; MANNER; ABUSE; US AB Objective. Drug overdoses resulting from the abuse of prescription opioid analgesics and other controlled substances have increased in number as the volume of such drugs prescribed in the United States has grown. State prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are designed to prevent the abuse of such drugs. This study quantifies the relation of PDMPs to rates of death from drug overdose and quantities of opioid drugs distributed at the state level. Design. Observational study of the United States during 1999-2005. Outcome Measures. Rates of drug overdose mortality, opioid overdose mortality, and opioid consumption by state. Results. PDMPs were not significantly associated with lower rates of drug overdose or opioid overdose mortality or lower rates of consumption of opioid drugs. PDMP states consumed significantly greater amounts of hydrocodone (Schedule III) and nonsignificantly lower amounts of Schedule II opioids. The increases in overdose mortality rates and use of prescription opioid drugs during 1999-2005 were significantly lower in three PDMP states (California, New York, and Texas) that required use of special prescription forms. Conclusions. While PDMPs are potentially an important tool to prevent the nonmedical use of prescribed controlled substances, their impact is not reflected in drug overdose mortality rates. Their effect on overall consumption of opioids appears to be minimal. PDMP managers need to develop and test ways to improve the use of their data to affect the problem of prescription drug overdoses. C1 [Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kilbourne, Edwin M.] Martin Blanck & Associates, Falls Church, VA USA. [Desai, Hema A.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 601 Sunland Pk Dr,Suite 200, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-2375 EI 1526-4637 J9 PAIN MED JI Pain Med. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01062.x PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 762OM UT WOS:000290489300011 PM 21332934 ER PT J AU Wang, RJ Ma, GP Zhao, JF Lu, QB Wang, HL Zhang, LX Jian, FC Ning, CS Xiao, LH AF Wang, Rongjun Ma, Guangpeng Zhao, Jinfeng Lu, Qingbin Wang, Helei Zhang, Longxian Jian, Fuchun Ning, Changshen Xiao, Lihua TI Cryptosporidium andersoni is the predominant species in post-weaned and adult dairy cattle in China SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Dairy cattle; SSU rRNA; Genotyping; C. andersoni; C. bovis ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DEER-LIKE GENOTYPE; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM INFECTION; BOS-TAURUS; PREVALENCE; DIARRHEA; CALVES; AGE AB Dairy industry plays an important role in the agricultural economy of China. To estimate the prevalence and public health significance of cryptosporidiosis in post-weaned and adult dairy cattle in China, during four consecutive years (from 2006 to 2009), a total of 1315 fecal samples from 22 dairy cattle farms in ten prefectures in Henan Province were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 7.9%, with the highest infection rate (11.3%) in 3 to 11-month-old calves and the lowest infection rate (1.0%) in >2-year-old cows (p<0.01). Cryptosporidium-positive samples (n = 104) were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, and 25 representative samples were further analyzed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Cryptosporidium bovis and Cryptosporidium andersoni were identified. C. andersoni (84/104) was the predominant species and was found in all age groups, whereas C. bovis (20/104) was only detected in 3 to 11-month-old calves. Thus, C. andersoni appears to be the dominant species in weaned dairy calves and heifers in China, in contrast with its common occurrence in adult cattle in other parts of the world. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Rongjun; Zhao, Jinfeng; Lu, Qingbin; Wang, Helei; Zhang, Longxian; Jian, Fuchun; Ning, Changshen] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Ma, Guangpeng] Minist Sci & Technol Peoples Republ China, China Rural Technol Dev Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. EM zhanglx8999@yahoo.com.cn RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20094105110003]; Key National Science and Technology Specific Projects [2008ZX10004-011]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771881, 30871863, 30928019] FX This study was supported in part by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20094105110003), the Key National Science and Technology Specific Projects (No. 2008ZX10004-011), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30771881, 30871863, and 30928019). NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.002 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 724AD UT WOS:000287547600001 PM 20884374 ER PT J AU Bylund, CL Galvin, KM Dunet, DO Reyes, M AF Bylund, Carma L. Galvin, Kathleen M. Dunet, Diane O. Reyes, Michele TI Using the Extended Health Belief Model to understand siblings' perceptions of risk for hereditary hemochromatosis SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE Family communication; Genetics; Hereditary Hemochromatosis; Risk perceptions; Health Belief Model ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GENETIC RISK; PRIMARY-CARE; FAMILY; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; KNOWLEDGE AB Objective: This research focuses on individuals' reactions to news that a sibling has been diagnosed with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). We used the Extended Health Belief Model (EHBM) to frame our analysis of siblings' perceptions of risk for HH and decision of whether to obtain diagnostic testing. Method: 60 patient and 25 sibling interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed for the six components of the EHBM. Results: Patient and sibling reports of siblings' perceptions were categorized into the six components of the EHBM: susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cue to action, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: In the case of HH, siblings' perceptions of HH are varied and include a range of motivators and barriers that may impact family-based detection. Family-based detection can often play an important part of effective public health strategies to address inherited risk of disease. Further research should examine the EHBM with other genetic conditions. Practice implications: This analysis using the EHBM suggests areas of importance for message development for both medical personnel and HH patients to promote diagnostic testing of at-risk siblings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bylund, Carma L.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Galvin, Kathleen M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dunet, Diane O.; Reyes, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bylund, CL (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM bylundlc@mskcc.org NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.pec.2010.03.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 717SA UT WOS:000287066500007 PM 20399591 ER PT J AU Muhammad, RD Haber, P Broder, KR Leroy, Z Ball, R Braun, MM Davis, RL McMahon, AW AF Muhammad, Riyadh D. Haber, Penina Broder, Karen R. Leroy, Zanie Ball, Robert Braun, M. Miles Davis, Robert L. McMahon, Ann W. TI Adverse Events Following Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Children Analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; vaccine safety; adverse event ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT; UNITED-STATES; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; VIRUS-VACCINE; VAERS; ADULTS; INTUSSUSCEPTION AB Background: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendations for influenza vaccination of children have expanded from the long-standing recommendation to vaccinate high-risk children aged >= 6 months, to vaccinating all 6- to 23-month-olds (2004), 2- to 4-year-olds (2006), and 5- to 18-year-olds (2008). Objective: To identify new or unexpected adverse events (AEs) after trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) in children. Methods: We analyzed reports after TIV to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 1990-2006 in children aged 2 to 17 years, and from the 2008-2009 influenza season in children aged 5 to 17 years. Empiric Bayesian data mining techniques were used to identify new or unexpected AEs during 1990-2006. Results: During 1990-2006, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System received 2054 reports of children aged 2 to 17 years with a peak in the 2003-2004 influenza season. In 2008-2009, 506 reports describing 5 to 17 year olds were received. The serious reports of tests performed after TIV were approximately 10% of all reports from 2001-2006, and 6% of the reports in the 2008-2009 season. Data mining showed an increased proportion of medication errors and Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). The findings of GBS could not be interpreted as causally related to vaccination. Among 201 reports of medication error, 94% had no AE reported other than the medication error itself. Conclusion: In this analysis, we found no unexpected AEs. Our review of medication error and GBS reports suggests that ongoing monitoring in these areas is appropriate. C1 [Muhammad, Riyadh D.; Ball, Robert; Braun, M. Miles; McMahon, Ann W.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Haber, Penina; Broder, Karen R.; Leroy, Zanie; Davis, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Immunizat Safety Off, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMahon, AW (reprint author), 10903 New Hampshire Ave,WO 22,Room 3474, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM ann.mcmahon@fda.hhs.gov NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP E1 EP E8 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ff9795 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 697FU UT WOS:000285498800001 PM 21042229 ER PT J AU Curns, AT Panozzo, CA Tate, JE Payne, DC Patel, MM Cortese, MM Parashar, UD AF Curns, Aaron T. Panozzo, Catherine A. Tate, Jacqueline E. Payne, Daniel C. Patel, Manish M. Cortese, Margaret M. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Remarkable Postvaccination Spatiotemporal Changes in United States Rotavirus Activity SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccination; spatiotemporal ID VACCINE; TRENDS AB Analyses of US laboratory surveillance data during 1991 to 2004 established annual peak rotavirus activity occurred first in the Southwest and last in the Northeast. We compared spatiotemporal patterns during the 2 years preceding vaccine introduction in 2006 with the first 2 years following introduction. The postvaccine introduction years failed to demonstrate the typical Southwest to Northeast spread of rotavirus activity. C1 [Curns, Aaron T.; Panozzo, Catherine A.; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Payne, Daniel C.; Patel, Manish M.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Panozzo, Catherine A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Curns, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM agc8@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S54 EP S55 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefda9 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900011 PM 21183841 ER PT J AU Hull, JJ Teel, EN Kerin, TK Freeman, MM Esona, MD Gentsch, JR Cortese, MM Parashar, UD Glass, RI Bowen, MD AF Hull, Jennifer J. Teel, Elizabeth N. Kerin, Tara K. Freeman, Molly M. Esona, Mathew D. Gentsch, Jon R. Cortese, Margaret M. Parashar, Umesh D. Glass, Roger I. Bowen, Michael D. CA National Rotavirus Strain Surveill TI United States Rotavirus Strain Surveillance From 2005 to 2008 Genotype Prevalence Before and After Vaccine Introduction SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RotaTeq; rotavirus; strain; surveillance; US ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VP4 GENE; POPULATION; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; CHILDREN; PREVENTION; REDUCTION; ROTARIX AB Background: A live, attenuated rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq (R), was approved in 2006 for immunization of infants in the United States. To monitor the distribution of rotavirus genotypes before and after vaccine introduction, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted strain surveillance with the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System. Methods: Over 3 rotavirus seasons, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008, National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System laboratories collected rotavirus-positive stool specimens and submitted them to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rotavirus strains were G- and P-genotyped by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or nucleotide sequencing. Results: During 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, G I was the dominant G-type but in the 2007-2008 season, G3 replaced GI as the most frequently detected strain. Four genotypes, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G9P[8] were detected in every season. Uncommon strains observed during the study period were G2P[8], G1P[6], G2P[6], G4P[6], G1P[4], G3P[9], G12P [6], and G12P[8]. The mean age of rotavirus cases in the 2007-2008 season increased significantly in patients less than 3 years old compared with the 2 previous seasons. Conclusions: The increased overall prevalence of G3P [8] strains in 2007-2008, the first rotavirus season with reasonable rotavirus vaccine coverage, was consistent with Australian reports of G3 dominance following RotaTeq introduction. However, these strain changes in both countries have occurred in the context of large declines in severe rotavirus disease and we cannot rule out that they are simply the result of naturally occurring changes in rotavirus strain prevalence. These findings underscore the need for careful monitoring of strains to assess possible vaccine pressure-induced changes and vaccine effectiveness against various rotavirus genotypes. C1 [Hull, Jennifer J.; Teel, Elizabeth N.; Kerin, Tara K.; Freeman, Molly M.; Esona, Mathew D.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Glass, Roger I.; Bowen, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cortese, Margaret M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Glass, Roger I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Roybal Campus,Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MKB6@CDC.GOV NR 33 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S42 EP S47 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefd78 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900009 PM 21183839 ER PT J AU Molto, Y Cortes, JE De Oliveira, LH Mike, A Solis, I Suman, O Coronado, L Patel, MM Parashar, UD Cortese, MM AF Molto, Yadira Cortes, Jennifer E. De Oliveira, Lucia Helena Mike, Adrianna Solis, Itzel Suman, Onix Coronado, Luis Patel, Manish M. Parashar, Umesh D. Cortese, Margaret M. TI Reduction of Diarrhea-associated Hospitalizations Among Children Aged < 5 Years in Panama Following the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccines; diarrhea; hospitalizations; Panama; children ID ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; BURDEN; PROGRAM; DISEASE; IMPACT; STATES AB Background: In March 2006, rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix, RV1) was introduced into the Panamanian national immunization program. We assessed the effect of vaccine on diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among young Panamanian children. Methods: We obtained monthly numbers of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among children aged <= 5 years during 2003 and 2008 from 5 health regions in Panama, representing 53% of the birth cohort. We compared the number of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations during the postvaccine years of 2007 and 2008 with the prevaccine mean numbers 2003-2005 among children <1 year and those I to 4 years of age. Administrative data were used to estimate national rotavirus vaccine coverage. Results: During prevaccine years, diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among children <5 years in the 5 regions averaged 4057 annually. After the vaccine introduction, a decrease in diarrhea-associated hospitalizations of 22% (898 fewer) occurred in 2007 and 37% (1502 fewer) in 2008. Greater reductions were observed during January through June, the months presumed to have high rotavirus activity in prevaccine years (33% reduction in 2007 and 58% in 2008, compared with prevaccine mean). Reduction estimates were similar among infants and those aged 1-4 years of age, even though only 25% of the latter group was likely to have received vaccine by early 2008. Estimated coverage with >= 1 dose of rotavirus vaccine among infants increased from 63% at the end of 2006 to 94% at the end of 2008. Conclusions: RV1 appears to have had a substantial impact on diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among young children in Panama. C1 [Cortes, Jennifer E.; Patel, Manish M.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Cortese, Margaret M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Molto, Yadira; Mike, Adrianna; Solis, Itzel] Minist Hlth, Panama City, Panama. [Cortes, Jennifer E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [De Oliveira, Lucia Helena] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Suman, Onix; Coronado, Luis] El Hosp del Nino, Panama City, Panama. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 12 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S16 EP S20 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefc68 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900004 PM 21183835 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Steele, D Gentsch, JR Wecker, J Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Patel, Manish M. Steele, Duncan Gentsch, Jon R. Wecker, John Glass, Roger I. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Real-world Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID 1ST 2 YEARS; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS HOSPITALIZATIONS; LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; SEVERE DIARRHEA; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION C1 [Patel, Manish M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steele, Duncan; Wecker, John] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS-A47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Au13@CDC.GOV NR 49 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S1 EP S5 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900001 PM 21183833 ER PT J AU Quintanar-Solares, M Yen, C Richardson, V Esparza-Aguilar, M Parashar, UD Patel, MM AF Quintanar-Solares, Manjari Yen, Catherine Richardson, Vesta Esparza-Aguilar, Marcelino Parashar, Umesh D. Patel, Manish M. TI Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Diarrhea-related Hospitalizations Among Children < 5 Years of Age in Mexico SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; rotavirus; vaccine; disease burden ID GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE; STATES; REDUCTION; MORTALITY; PROGRAM AB Background: Single-strain rotavirus vaccine was added to the national immunization program in Mexico in May 2007. We assessed the impact of vaccination on the number of diarrhea-related hospitalizations in Mexican children in 2008 and 2009. Methods: We obtained data on all-cause diarrhea-related hospitalizations from January 2003 to June 2009 in Mexican children <5 years of age. We compared diarrhea-related hospitalizations during the 2008 and 2009 rotavirus seasons with the median number of diarrhea-related hospitalizations at baseline (2003-2006), before rotavirus vaccine introduction, at 306 Ministry of Health hospitals. We estimated vaccine coverage using administrative data. Results: A median number of 10,993 diarrhea-related hospitalizations (range: 9877-11958) occurred each prevaccine rotavirus season from 2003 to 2006 among children <5 years of age. Diarrhea-related hospitalizations decreased by 11% (N = 9836) in 2008 and by 40% (N = 6597) in 2009. The greatest declines occurred in infants <12 months of age during 2008 (25%) and 2009(52%), with 1-dose rotavirus vaccination coverage of 74% and 89% during these years, respectively. A 43% decline was also noted among children 12 to 23 months of age during the 2009 season. No declines were noted during either 2008 or 2009 among unvaccinated children >24 months of age during the study period. Conclusions: Marked declines in diarrhea-related hospitalizations among vaccine-eligible Mexican children <24 months of age have occurred during the first 2 complete rotavirus seasons following rotavirus vaccination. Rotavirus-specific surveillance and epidemiologic studies are necessary for a better understanding of the changes in disease epidemiology and public health impact from rotavirus vaccination. C1 [Yen, Catherine; Parashar, Umesh D.; Patel, Manish M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quintanar-Solares, Manjari; Richardson, Vesta; Esparza-Aguilar, Marcelino] Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Yen, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyen@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S11 EP S15 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefb32 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900003 PM 21183834 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Cortese, MM Payne, DC Curns, AT Yen, C Esposito, DH Cortes, JE Lopman, BA Patel, MM Gentsch, JR Parashar, UD AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Cortese, Margaret M. Payne, Daniel C. Curns, Aaron T. Yen, Catherine Esposito, Douglas H. Cortes, Jennifer E. Lopman, Benjamin A. Patel, Manish M. Gentsch, Jon R. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Uptake, Impact, and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in the United States Review of the First 3 Years of Postlicensure Data SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine; vaccine impact ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; CHILDREN LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; US CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFANTS; REDUCTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; EFFICACY AB Background: Rotavirus vaccine was recommended for routine use in US infants in 2006. Before the introduction of vaccine, rotavirus was the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age in the United States. Methods: We reviewed published data to summarize the US experience during the first 3 years of its rotavirus vaccination program. Results: Rotavirus seasons have been delayed and diminished in magnitude during the postvaccine era compared with the prevaccine era. Hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits due to gastroenteritis have declined dramatically in children <5 years of age including in children age-ineligible to have received vaccine, suggesting indirect benefits of vaccination. Rotavirus vaccine has been widely accepted by pediatricians. Vaccine coverage is steadily increasing but remains lower than coverage levels of other routine infant immunizations. Conclusions: The implementation of routine childhood immunization against rotavirus has rapidly and dramatically reduced the large health burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in US children. Continued monitoring of rotavirus diarrhea is needed to determine if immunity wanes as vaccinated children get older and to better quantify the indirect benefits of vaccination. Ongoing surveillance will also enable monitoring of the long-term impact of vaccination on rotavirus epidemiology. C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Payne, Daniel C.; Curns, Aaron T.; Yen, Catherine; Esposito, Douglas H.; Cortes, Jennifer E.; Lopman, Benjamin A.; Patel, Manish M.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 33 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S56 EP S60 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefdc0 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900012 PM 21183842 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Mutuc, JD Panozzo, CA Payne, DC Cortese, MM Cortes, JE Yen, C Esposito, DH Lopman, BA Patel, MM Parashar, UD AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Mutuc, Jeffry D. Panozzo, Catherine A. Payne, Daniel C. Cortese, Margaret M. Cortes, Jennifer E. Yen, Catherine Esposito, Douglas H. Lopman, Benjamin A. Patel, Manish M. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Sustained Decline in Rotavirus Detections in the United States Following the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in 2006 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; surveillance; vaccine impact ID GASTROENTERITIS; REDUCTION; SEASONALITY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; IMPACT AB Background: Following implementation of the rotavirus vaccination program in 2006, rotavirus activity in the United States declined dramatically in 2007-2008 but increased slightly in 2008-2009, despite greater vaccine uptake. To further evaluate impact of the vaccine program, we assessed trends in rotavirus testing and detection during 2009-2010. Methods: We examined rotavirus testing data from July 2000 to June 2010 from the National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Surveillance System to compare rotavirus season timing and peak activity in the pre- and postvaccine introduction eras. Rotavirus season onset was defined as the first of 2 consecutive weeks during which the percentage of specimens testing positive for rotavirus was >= 10%. To assess trends in rotavirus testing and detection, we restricted the analyses to 25 laboratories that reported for 26 weeks per season from 2000 to 2010. Results: During 2009-2010, the threshold for the start of the rotavirus season was never achieved nationally or in the North, Midwest, or West. Activity in the South met this threshold but the season duration was substantially shorter and of lower magnitude than in all previous pre- and postvaccine introduction seasons. Nationally and within each region, the peak week was more delayed and the peak proportion of positive tests was substantially lower than all previous seasons. The total number of tests performed declined by 23%, and the number of positive tests declined by 86%. Conclusions: Rotavirus activity was substantially diminished during the 2009-2010 rotavirus season compared with the prevaccine baseline and the 2 previous postvaccine introduction seasons. These sustained declines over 3 rotavirus seasons reaffirm the health benefits of the US rotavirus vaccination program. C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Mutuc, Jeffry D.; Panozzo, Catherine A.; Payne, Daniel C.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Cortes, Jennifer E.; Yen, Catherine; Esposito, Douglas H.; Lopman, Benjamin A.; Patel, Manish M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 11 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S30 EP S34 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ffe3eb PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900007 PM 21183838 ER PT J AU Yen, C Guardado, JAA Alberto, P Araujo, DSR Mena, C Cuellar, E Nolasco, JB De Oliveira, LH Pastor, D Tate, JE Parashar, UD Patel, MM AF Yen, Catherine Armero Guardado, Julio A. Alberto, Patricia Rodriguez Araujo, David S. Mena, Carlos Cuellar, Elizabeth Brenda Nolasco, Jenny De Oliveira, Lucia Helena Pastor, Desiree Tate, Jacqueline E. Parashar, Umesh D. Patel, Manish M. TI Decline in Rotavirus Hospitalizations and Health Care Visits for Childhood Diarrhea Following Rotavirus Vaccination in El Salvador SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; rotavirus; vaccine; disease burden ID GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; STATES; REDUCTION; PROGRAM AB Background: A recent postlicensure study from El Salvador showed that the monovalent rotavirus vaccine conferred 76% protection against rotavirus hospitalizations. We further examined the impact of rotavirus vaccination on the national burden of childhood diarrhea to help assess the total public health benefits of vaccination. Methods: We compared all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus-specific hospitalization rates during prevaccine year 2006, with postvaccine years 2008 and 2009 in children <5 years of age from 7 sentinel surveillance hospitals. We also compared annual rates of diarrhea-related healthcare events during prevaccine years 2005 and 2006 with postvaccine years 2008 and 2009 to examine the national burden of healthcare utilization for all-cause diarrhea. Results: Among sentinel surveillance hospitals, rotavirus hospitalization rates among children <5 years of age declined by 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78%-84%) in 2008 when 2-dose rotavirus vaccine coverage was 50% among infants <1 year; the decline was 69% (95% Cl: 65%-73%) in 2009 when 2-dose vaccine coverage was 61% among infants <1 year, compared with 2006. The greatest declines were observed in children <= 1 year of age, although sizeable reductions were also observed among children >= 2 years in 2008. National diarrhea-related healthcare visits during rotavirus season decreased by 48% (95% Cl: 47%-48%) in 2008 and by 35% (95% Cl: 34%-35%) in 2009 compared with the mean rate from the 2005 and 2006 rotavirus seasons. Conclusions: Rotavirus vaccination had a substantial public health impact on rotavirus disease and overall diarrhea events in El Salvador. Important age-related changes in diarrheal incidence emphasize the need for ongoing rotavirus surveillance after vaccine introduction. C1 [Yen, Catherine; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Patel, Manish M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yen, Catherine; Pastor, Desiree] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Armero Guardado, Julio A.; Alberto, Patricia; Rodriguez Araujo, David S.] Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Mena, Carlos] Hosp Ninos Benjamin Bloom, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Cuellar, Elizabeth] Hosp San Juan Dios, Santa Ana, El Salvador. [Brenda Nolasco, Jenny] Hosp San Juan Dios, San Miguel, El Salvador. [De Oliveira, Lucia Helena] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Yen, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyen@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 SU S BP S6 EP S10 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa05 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 701EA UT WOS:000285795900002 PM 21048524 ER PT J AU Mathews, TJ Minino, AM Osterman, MJK Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF Mathews, T. J. Minino, Arialdi M. Osterman, Michelle J. K. Strobino, Donna M. Guyer, Bernard TI Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2008 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; teenaged fertility; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; cesarean rate; vital statistics; ICD-10; revised certificates ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; INFANT-MORTALITY; OBESITY; BIRTHS; RISK; TERM; INDUCTION; TRENDS AB The number of births in the United States decreased between 2007 and 2008 (preliminary estimate: 4 251 095). Birth rates declined among all women aged 15 to 39 years; the decrease among teenagers reverses the increases seen in the previous 2 years. The total fertility rate decreased 2% in 2008 to 2085.5 births per 1000 women. The proportion of all births to unmarried women increased to 40.6% in 2008, up from 39.7% in 2007. The 2008 preterm birth rate was 12.3%, a decline of 3% from 2007. In 2008, 32.3% of all births occurred by cesarean delivery, up nearly 2% from 2007. Twin and triplet birth rates were unchanged. The infant mortality rate was 6.59 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2008 (significantly lower than the rate of 6.75 in 2007). Life expectancy at birth was 77.8 years in 2008. Crude death rates for children aged 1 to 19 years decreased by 5.5% between 2007 and 2008. Unintentional injuries and homicide were, respectively, the first and second leading causes of death in this age group. These 2 causes of death jointly accounted for 51.2% of all deaths of children and adolescents in 2008. This annual article is a long-standing feature in Pediatrics and provides a summary of the most current vital statistics data for the United States. We also include a special feature this year on the differences in cesarean-delivery rates according to race and Hispanic origin. Pediatrics 2011; 127: 146-157 C1 [Mathews, T. J.; Minino, Arialdi M.; Osterman, Michelle J. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Strobino, Donna M.; Guyer, Bernard] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mathews, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM tjm4@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-3175 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 700YT UT WOS:000285782200056 PM 21173001 ER PT J AU Burns, JS Williams, PL Sergeyev, O Korrick, S Lee, MM Revich, B Altshul, L Del Prato, JT Humblet, O Patterson, DG Turner, WE Needham, LL Starovoytov, M Hauser, R AF Burns, Jane S. Williams, Paige L. Sergeyev, Oleg Korrick, Susan Lee, Mary M. Revich, Boris Altshul, Larisa Del Prato, Julie T. Humblet, Olivier Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Turner, Wayman E. Needham, Larry L. Starovoytov, Mikhail Hauser, Russ TI Serum Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Are Associated With Growth Among Russian Boys SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; BMI; height; environment; epidemiology; polychlorinated biphenyls; polychlorinated dibenzodioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; lead ID BODY-MASS INDEX; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; IN-UTERO; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; 4-COMPONENT MODEL; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; SHORT STATURE; BIRTH COHORT; EXPOSURE AB OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the associations of serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with longitudinally assessed growth measurements among peripubertal Russian boys. METHODS: A total of 499 boys from Chapaevsk, Russia, aged 8 to 9 years were enrolled in the study from 2003 to 2005 and were followed prospectively for 3 years. Blood samples were collected and physical examinations were conducted at entry and repeated at annual study visits. Multivariate mixed-effects regression models for repeated measures were used to examine the associations of serum dioxins and PCBs with longitudinal measurements of BMI, height, and height velocity. RESULTS: Serum dioxin (total 2005 toxic equivalency [TEQ] median: 21.1 pg/g lipid) and PCBs (median sum of PCBs: 250 ng/g lipid) were measured in 468 boys. At study entry and during 3 years of follow-up, >50% of the boys had age-adjusted BMI and height z scores within 1 SD of World Health Organization-standardized mean values for age. Boys in the highest exposure quintile of the sum of dioxin and PCB concentrations and total TEQs had a significant decrease in mean BMI z scores of 0.67 for dioxins and TEQs and 1.04 for PCBs, compared with boys in the lowest exposure quintile. Comparison of the highest versus the lowest quintile revealed that higher serum PCB concentrations were associated with significantly lower height z scores (mean z-score decrease: 0.41) and height velocity (mean decrease: 0.19 cm/year) after 3 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposures to dioxins and PCBs are associated with reduced growth during the peripubertal period and may compromise adult body mass, stature, and health. Pediatrics 2011;127:e59-e68 C1 [Burns, Jane S.; Korrick, Susan; Del Prato, Julie T.; Humblet, Olivier; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Williams, Paige L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sergeyev, Oleg] Samara State Med Univ, Dept Phys Educ & Hlth, Samara, Russia. [Sergeyev, Oleg] Chapaevsk Med Assoc, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia. [Korrick, Susan] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lee, Mary M.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pediat Endocrine Div, Worcester, MA USA. [Lee, Mary M.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA USA. [Revich, Boris] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forecasting, Ctr Demog & Human Ecol, Moscow, Russia. [Altshul, Larisa] Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Needham, MA USA. [Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] EnviroSolut Consulting Inc, Jasper, GA USA. [Turner, Wayman E.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Starovoytov, Mikhail] Russian Inst Nutr, Moscow, Russia. RP Burns, JS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1404E, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jburns@hsph.harvard.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sergeyev, Oleg/H-8854-2013; OI Sergeyev, Oleg/0000-0002-5745-3348; Lee, Mary/0000-0002-7204-4884 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R82943701]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES014370, ES00002, ES017117-01A1]; University of Massachusetts Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center [DK32520]; NIH FX This work was funded by US Environmental Protection Agency grant R82943701 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants ES014370, ES00002, and ES017117-01A1. Dr Lee is a member of the University of Massachusetts Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (grant DK32520). Ms Altshul is employed by Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc (Needham, MA), and Dr Patterson is employed by Axys Analytical Solutions (Sidney, British Columbia, Canada), FMS (Boston), and Trium Solutions, Inc (Cochrane, Alberta, Canada).; Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 65 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1 BP E59 EP E68 DI 10.1542/peds.2009-3556 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 700YT UT WOS:000285782200009 PM 21187307 ER PT J AU Flagg, EW Weinstock, H AF Flagg, Elaine W. Weinstock, Hillard TI Incidence of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the United States, 2006 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE herpes simplex; infant; newborn; population characteristics; sampling studies; simplex virus ID SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; VIDARABINE; CALIFORNIA; PREGNANCY; ACYCLOVIR; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; INFANTS AB OBJECTIVES: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) infections, although relatively rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality. Estimates of nHSV incidence across the United States vary widely and have been derived by using a variety of methods. We estimated the incidence of nHSV infections for the United States during 2006, as well as demographic-specific rates, by using nationally and regionally weighted estimates from a population-based sample of inpatient data. METHODS: We examined inpatient records of infants aged 60 days or younger at admission using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. Patients with a length of stay that exceeded 7 days (or deceased during hospitalization) were identified at discharge from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for herpes simplex (054.0-054.9). Cases for which patients had been transferred from another hospital or readmitted were excluded from case counts. RESULTS: We found an overall US incidence of 9.6 per 100 000 births in 2006. Rates per 100 000 births among US regions were 8.2 in the Northeast, 12.9 in the Midwest, 8.9 in the South, and 8.8 in the West. Rates of 13.8, 9.9, and 7.5 were observed for black, white, and Hispanic newborns, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. Rates were significantly higher among cases for which the expected primary payer was Medicaid (15.1) compared with private insurance or managed health care (5.4). Median age at admission was 10 days; 25% of admissions were on the day of birth. CONCLUSIONS: This description of regional and demographic-specific nHSV incidence rates for the United States provides important new information on the extent of this potentially devastating disease. Pediatrics 2011;127:e1-e8 C1 [Flagg, Elaine W.; Weinstock, Hillard] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flagg, EW (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eflagg@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1 BP E1 EP E8 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-0134 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 700YT UT WOS:000285782200001 PM 21149432 ER PT J AU Yen, C Tate, JE Wenk, JD Harris, JM Parashar, UD AF Yen, Catherine Tate, Jacqueline E. Wenk, Joshua D. Harris, J. Mitchell, II Parashar, Umesh D. TI Diarrhea-Associated Hospitalizations Among US Children Over 2 Rotavirus Seasons After Vaccine Introduction SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; rotavirus; vaccines ID UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; REDUCTION; GASTROENTERITIS; PROGRAM AB OBJECTIVE: After implementation of rotavirus vaccination in 2006, large decreases in rates of severe diarrhea among US children occurred in 2007-2008. We ascertained whether these decreases were sustained in 2008-2009. METHODS: We examined hospital discharge data from a national network of pediatric hospitals and compared all-cause diarrhea-related and rotavirus-specific hospitalizations in 3 prevaccine rotavirus seasons (2003-2006) with those in 2 postvaccine seasons (2007-2008 and 2008-2009) among children <5 years of age. We defined rotavirus seasons using data from a national laboratory surveillance network. RESULTS: At 62 consistently reporting hospitals, a median of 15 645 diarrhea-related hospitalizations (range: 14 881-16 884 hospitalizations) occurred each rotavirus season among children <5 years of age in 2003-2006. Compared with this median, all-cause diarrhea-related hospitalizations decreased by 50% (n = 7760) in 2007-2008 and by 29% (n = 11 039) in 2008-2009. In 2007-2008, reductions of 47% to 55% were seen for all age groups, including vaccine-ineligible children >= 2 years of age (48%). In 2008-2009, these reductions decreased in magnitude, especially among children >= 2 years of age (17%). Decreases in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 were similar in the Northeast and West, but decreases were smaller in 2008-2009, compared with 2007-2008, in the Midwest and South. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with prevaccine seasons, decreases in diarrhea-and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations seen in 2007-2008 were sustained in 2008-2009 but were somewhat smaller. Given the variability in diarrhea-related hospitalization trends over the 2 postvaccine seasons according to age group and region, continued surveillance is required for full assessment of the impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatrics 2011;127:e9-e15 C1 [Yen, Catherine; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yen, Catherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wenk, Joshua D.; Harris, J. Mitchell, II] Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Yen, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyen@cdc.gov FU NACHRI FX We acknowledge the support of the NACHRI Case Mix Comparative Data Program for the data used in this research. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1 BP E9 EP E15 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-1393 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 700YT UT WOS:000285782200002 PM 21172995 ER PT J AU Guy, GP Ekwueme, DU AF Guy, Gery P., Jr. Ekwueme, Donatus U. TI Years of Potential Life Lost and Indirect Costs of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer A Systematic Review of the Literature SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Review ID CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BURDEN; TRENDS; ILLNESS; EUROPE; DERMATOLOGY AB Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the US, and an important public health concern both in the US and throughout the world. Given high incidence rates among young adults and the large number of deaths, skin cancer has the potential to result in significant years of potential life lost (YPLL) and lost productivity. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the published literature on the YPLL and the value of productivity loss from morbidity and premature mortality resulting from melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Employing pre-defined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria, systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Econlit. We selected studies that measured the societal burden of melanoma and NMSC through estimating either the YPLL and/or the indirect costs. We identified 16 relevant studies meeting our criteria, six were from the US and ten were from other industrialized countries; ten of the studies reported results on YPLL, eight on mortality costs and five on morbidity costs. Some studies reported results in more than one category. From each eligible article and report, we extracted detailed information on the study population/country, study design, data analysis methods and study results. Data abstracted for each eligible study included estimated number of YPLL, YPLL per death and morbidity and mortality costs. The average number of YPLL per death was approximately 15 for melanoma and 10 for NMSC. We found the costs attributable to melanoma and NMSC ranged from SUS39.2 million to $US28.9 million for morbidity and $US3.3 billion to $US1.0 billion for mortality, respectively. It is clear from the published literature that skin cancer leads to significant YPLL and indirect costs associated with premature mortality and morbidity. Prevention and early detection efforts are important in helping reduce the incidence of melanoma and NMSC, and the related deaths and productivity losses. C1 [Guy, Gery P., Jr.; Ekwueme, Donatus U.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dce3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX Gery P. Guy Jr, PhD, MPH, was supported in part by the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an inter-agency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. NR 51 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 13 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PY 2011 VL 29 IS 10 BP 863 EP 874 PG 12 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 833OR UT WOS:000295895300004 PM 21846158 ER PT J AU Kim, M Holt, JB Madden, M AF Kim, Minho Holt, James B. Madden, Marguerite TI Comparison of Global- and Local-scale Pansharpening for Rapid Assessment of Humanitarian Emergencies SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID MULTISENSOR IMAGE FUSION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; LANDSAT TM; SATELLITE IMAGES; MULTIRESOLUTION; IMPLEMENTATION; QUALITY; IHS AB We compared global-scale pansharpening of full- or large-scene QuickBird satellite imagery with local-scale pansharpening of a subset of these scenes by using modified intensity-hue-saturation (mills), principal component analysis (PGA), multiplicative (MP), and high pass filter (tiff) methods. The spectral properties of all pansharpened images were evaluated by using quantitative indices such as erreur relative globale adimensionnelle de synthese (ERGAs), correlation coefficient (cc), relative difference to mean (RDm), and relative difference to standard deviation (RDs). This study discovered that local-scale pansharpening was generally lower and higher than the global-scale approach in terms of ERGAS and cc, respectively. In particular, local-scale HPF produced pansharpening results very close to the original multispectral image with less than 0.18 percent and 0.07 percent of RDM and RDS, respectively. Local-scale fusion results with PCA and MP were similar to those of the global-scale approach. Local-scale pansharpening that uses very high spatial resolution imagery could lead to the rapid assessment of the magnitude and severity of humanitarian situations by producing a color image of high spatial resolution with reduced processing time. C1 [Kim, Minho; Holt, James B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, DACH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Madden, Marguerite] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Ctr Remote Sensing & Mapping Sci CRMS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, DACH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM htj0@cdc.gov FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) FX Dr. Kim performed this research while on a research fellowship at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), funded through the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE). We thank Mary D. Brantley of CDC for providing important knowledge related to the refugee camps in Kakuma, Kenya. We acknowledge that the findings and conclusions in this report do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 77 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 712WA UT WOS:000286695800005 ER PT J AU Alonso, PL Brown, G Arevalo-Herrera, M Binka, F Chitnis, C Collins, F Doumbo, OK Greenwood, B Hall, BF Levine, MM Mendis, K Newman, RD Plowe, CV Rodriguez, MH Sinden, R Slutsker, L Tanner, M AF Alonso, Pedro L. Brown, Graham Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam Binka, Fred Chitnis, Chetan Collins, Frank Doumbo, Ogobara K. Greenwood, Brian Hall, B. Fenton Levine, Myron M. Mendis, Kamini Newman, Robert D. Plowe, Christopher V. Henry Rodriguez, Mario Sinden, Robert Slutsker, Laurence Tanner, Marcel TI A Research Agenda to Underpin Malaria Eradication SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RESISTANCE AB The interruption of malaria transmission worldwide is one of the greatest challenges for international health and development communities. The current expert view suggests that, by aggressively scaling up control with currently available tools and strategies, much greater gains could be achieved against malaria, including elimination from a number of countries and regions; however, even with maximal effort we will fall short of global eradication. The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) complements the current research agenda-primarily directed towards reducing morbidity and mortality-with one that aims to identify key knowledge gaps and define the strategies and tools that will result in reducing the basic reproduction rate to less than 1, with the ultimate aim of eradication of the parasite from the human population. Sustained commitment from local communities, civil society, policy leaders, and the scientific community, together with a massive effort to build a strong base of researchers from the endemic areas will be critical factors in the success of this new agenda. C1 [Alonso, Pedro L.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain. [Alonso, Pedro L.] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique. [Brown, Graham] Univ Melbourne, Nossal Inst Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam] Univ Valle, Inst Immunol, Cali, Colombia. [Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam] Ctr Invest Caucaseco, Cali, Colombia. [Binka, Fred] Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana. [Chitnis, Chetan] Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Delhi, India. [Collins, Frank] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Bamako, Mali. [Greenwood, Brian] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Hall, B. Fenton] NIAID, Baltimore, MD USA. [Levine, Myron M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Mendis, Kamini; Newman, Robert D.] World Hlth Org, Global Malaria Program, Geneva, Switzerland. [Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Henry Rodriguez, Mario] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Sinden, Robert] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Slutsker, Laurence] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tanner, Marcel] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Tanner, Marcel] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. RP Alonso, PL (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain. EM palonso@clinic.ub.es FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX malERA received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 256 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 85 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 AR e1000406 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000406 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 711LX UT WOS:000286594200021 PM 21311579 ER PT J AU Getahun, H Kittikraisak, W Heilig, CM Corbett, EL Ayles, H Cain, KP Grant, AD Churchyard, GJ Kimerling, M Shah, S Lawn, SD Wood, R Maartens, G Granich, R Date, AA Varma, JK AF Getahun, Haileyesus Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya Heilig, Charles M. Corbett, Elizabeth L. Ayles, Helen Cain, Kevin P. Grant, Alison D. Churchyard, Gavin J. Kimerling, Michael Shah, Sarita Lawn, Stephen D. Wood, Robin Maartens, Gary Granich, Reuben Date, Anand A. Varma, Jay K. TI Development of a Standardized Screening Rule for Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV in Resource-Constrained Settings: Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis of Observational Studies SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTED PERSONS; LIMITED SETTINGS; TESTING CENTER; GOLD MINERS; DIAGNOSIS; PROGRAM AB Background: The World Health Organization recommends the screening of all people living with HIV for tuberculosis (TB) disease, followed by TB treatment, or isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) when TB is excluded. However, the difficulty of reliably excluding TB disease has severely limited TB screening and IPT uptake in resource-limited settings. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of primary studies, aiming to identify a sensitive TB screening rule. Methods and Findings: We identified 12 studies that had systematically collected sputum specimens regardless of signs or symptoms, at least one mycobacterial culture, clinical symptoms, and HIV and TB disease status. Bivariate random-effects meta-analysis and the hierarchical summary relative operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the screening performance of all combinations of variables of interest. TB disease was diagnosed in 557 (5.8%) of 9,626 people living with HIV. The primary analysis included 8,148 people living with HIV who could be evaluated on five symptoms from nine of the 12 studies. The median age was 34 years. The best performing rule was the presence of any one of: current cough (any duration), fever, night sweats, or weight loss. The overall sensitivity of this rule was 78.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.3%-90.9%) and specificity was 49.6% (95% CI 29.2%-70.1%). Its sensitivity increased to 90.1% (95% CI 76.3%-96.2%) among participants selected from clinical settings and to 88.0% (95% CI 76.1%-94.4%) among those who were not previously screened for TB. Negative predictive value was 97.7% (95% CI 97.4%-98.0%) and 90.0% (95% CI 88.6%-91.3%) at 5% and 20% prevalence of TB among people living with HIV, respectively. Abnormal chest radiographic findings increased the sensitivity of the rule by 11.7% (90.6% versus 78.9%) with a reduction of specificity by 10.7% (49.6% versus 38.9%). Conclusions: Absence of all of current cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss can identify a subset of people living with HIV who have a very low probability of having TB disease. A simplified screening rule using any one of these symptoms can be used in resource-constrained settings to identify people living with HIV in need of further diagnostic assessment for TB. Use of this algorithm should result in earlier TB diagnosis and treatment, and should allow for substantial scale-up of IPT. C1 [Getahun, Haileyesus] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Heilig, Charles M.; Cain, Kevin P.; Date, Anand A.; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Corbett, Elizabeth L.; Ayles, Helen; Grant, Alison D.; Lawn, Stephen D.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Ayles, Helen] Univ Zambia, ZAMBART Project, Lusaka, Zambia. [Churchyard, Gavin J.] Aurum Inst Hlth Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Kimerling, Michael] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Shah, Sarita] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. [Maartens, Gary] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Lawn, Stephen D.; Wood, Robin] Univ Cape Town, Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Getahun, H (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. EM getahunh@who.int RI Wood, Robin/G-8509-2011; Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008; Maartens, Gary/F-3836-2014; OI Ayles, Helen/0000-0003-4108-2842; Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310; Maartens, Gary/0000-0003-3080-6606; Corbett, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3552-3181 FU Wellcome Trust [091769, 074644] NR 42 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 AR e1000391 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000391 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 711LX UT WOS:000286594200007 PM 21267059 ER PT J AU Schijman, AG Bisio, M Orellana, L Sued, M Duffy, T Jaramillo, AMM Cura, C Auter, F Veron, V Qvarnstrom, Y Deborggraeve, S Hijar, G Zulantay, I Lucero, RH Velazquez, E Tellez, T Leon, ZS Galvao, L Nolder, D Rumi, MM Levi, JE Ramirez, JD Zorrilla, P Flores, M Jercic, MI Crisante, G Anez, N Castro, AM Gonzalez, CI Viana, KA Yachelini, P Torrico, F Robello, C Diosque, P Chavez, OT Aznar, C Russomando, G Buscher, P Assal, A Guhl, F Estani, SS DaSilva, A Britto, C Luquetti, A Ladzins, J AF Schijman, Alejandro G. Bisio, Margarita Orellana, Liliana Sued, Mariela Duffy, Tomas Mejia Jaramillo, Ana M. Cura, Carolina Auter, Frederic Veron, Vincent Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Deborggraeve, Stijn Hijar, Gisely Zulantay, Ines Horacio Lucero, Raul Velazquez, Elsa Tellez, Tatiana Sanchez Leon, Zunilda Galvao, Lucia Nolder, Debbie Monje Rumi, Maria Levi, Jose E. Ramirez, Juan D. Zorrilla, Pilar Flores, Maria Jercic, Maria I. Crisante, Gladys Anez, Nestor De Castro, Ana M. Gonzalez, Clara I. Viana, Karla Acosta Yachelini, Pedro Torrico, Faustino Robello, Carlos Diosque, Patricio Triana Chavez, Omar Aznar, Christine Russomando, Graciela Buscher, Philippe Assal, Azzedine Guhl, Felipe Sosa Estani, Sergio DaSilva, Alexandre Britto, Constanca Luquetti, Alejandro Ladzins, Janis TI International Study to Evaluate PCR Methods for Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in Blood Samples from Chagas Disease Patients SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KINETOPLAST MINICIRCLE DNA; FOLLOW-UP; REACTION AMPLIFICATION; HEART-TRANSPLANTATION; SATELLITE DNA; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; XENODIAGNOSIS; ASSAYS AB Background: A century after its discovery, Chagas disease still represents a major neglected tropical threat. Accurate diagnostics tools as well as surrogate markers of parasitological response to treatment are research priorities in the field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR methods in detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA by an external quality evaluation. Methodology/Findings: An international collaborative study was launched by expert PCR laboratories from 16 countries. Currently used strategies were challenged against serial dilutions of purified DNA from stocks representing T. cruzi discrete typing units (DTU) I, IV and VI (set A), human blood spiked with parasite cells (set B) and Guanidine Hidrochloride-EDTA blood samples from 32 seropositive and 10 seronegative patients from Southern Cone countries (set C). Forty eight PCR tests were reported for set A and 44 for sets B and C; 28 targeted minicircle DNA (kDNA), 13 satellite DNA (Sat-DNA) and the remainder low copy number sequences. In set A, commercial master mixes and Sat-DNA Real Time PCR showed better specificity, but kDNA-PCR was more sensitive to detect DTU I DNA. In set B, commercial DNA extraction kits presented better specificity than solvent extraction protocols. Sat-DNA PCR tests had higher specificity, with sensitivities of 0.05-0.5 parasites/mL whereas specific kDNA tests detected 5.10(-3) par/mL. Sixteen specific and coherent methods had a Good Performance in both sets A and B (10 fg/mu l of DNA from all stocks, 5 par/mL spiked blood). The median values of sensitivities, specificities and accuracies obtained in testing the Set C samples with the 16 tests determined to be good performing by analyzing Sets A and B samples varied considerably. Out of them, four methods depicted the best performing parameters in all three sets of samples, detecting at least 10 fg/mu l for each DNA stock, 0.5 par/mL and a sensitivity between 83.3-94.4%, specificity of 85-95%, accuracy of 86.8-89.5% and kappa index of 0.7-0.8 compared to consensus PCR reports of the 16 good performing tests and 63-69%, 100%, 71.4-76.2% and 0.4-0.5, respectively compared to serodiagnosis. Method LbD2 used solvent extraction followed by Sybr-Green based Real time PCR targeted to Sat-DNA; method LbD3 used solvent DNA extraction followed by conventional PCR targeted to Sat-DNA. The third method (LbF1) used glass fiber column based DNA extraction followed by TaqMan Real Time PCR targeted to Sat-DNA (cruzi 1/cruzi 2 and cruzi 3 TaqMan probe) and the fourth method (LbQ) used solvent DNA extraction followed by conventional hot-start PCR targeted to kDNA (primer pairs 121/122). These four methods were further evaluated at the coordinating laboratory in a subset of human blood samples, confirming the performance obtained by the participating laboratories. Conclusion/Significance: This study represents a first crucial step towards international validation of PCR procedures for detection of T. cruzi in human blood samples. C1 [Schijman, Alejandro G.; Bisio, Margarita; Duffy, Tomas; Cura, Carolina] Inst Invest Ingn Genet & Biol Mol INGEBI CONICET, Lab Biol Mol Enfermedad Chagas LabMECH, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Orellana, Liliana; Sued, Mariela] Univ Buenos Aires, Inst Calculo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mejia Jaramillo, Ana M.; Triana Chavez, Omar] Univ Antioquia, Grp Chagas, Medellin, Colombia. [Auter, Frederic; Assal, Azzedine] French Blood Serv, Paris, France. [Veron, Vincent; Aznar, Christine] Univ Parasitol, Lab Hosp, Cayene, French Guiana. [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne] Ctr Dis Control, Dept Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deborggraeve, Stijn; Buscher, Philippe] Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. [Hijar, Gisely] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Horacio Lucero, Raul] Univ Nacl Nordeste, Chaco, Argentina. [Velazquez, Elsa] Inst Nacl Chagas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Tellez, Tatiana; Torrico, Faustino] Univ Mayor San Simon, Ctr Univ Med Trop, Fac Med, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Sanchez Leon, Zunilda; Russomando, Graciela] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Inst Invest Ciencias Salud, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Galvao, Lucia] Fac Farm, Natal, RN, Brazil. [Nolder, Debbie] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hosp Trop Dis, Dept Clin Parasitol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Monje Rumi, Maria] Univ Nacl Salta, Lab Patol Expt, Salta, Argentina. [Levi, Jose E.] Hosp Sirio Libanes, Blood Bank, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ramirez, Juan D.] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Invest Microbiol & Parasitol Trop, Bogota, Colombia. [Zorrilla, Pilar] Inst Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Flores, Maria] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Ctr Mahahonda, Madrid, Spain. [Jercic, Maria I.] Inst Nacl Salud, Secc Parasitol, Santiago, Chile. [Crisante, Gladys] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Invest Parasitol JF Torrealba, Merida, Venezuela. [De Castro, Ana M.] Univ Fed Goias, IPTSP, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Gonzalez, Clara I.] Univ Ind Santander, Fac Salud, GIEM, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Viana, Karla Acosta] Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Dept Biomed Enfermedades Infecciosas & Parasitari, Lab Biol Celular, Ctr Invest Reg CIR Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Yucatan, Mexico. [Yachelini, Pedro] Univ Catolica Santiago Estero, Inst Biomed, Santiago Del Estero, Argentina. [Sosa Estani, Sergio] CeNDIE ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbran, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Britto, Constanca] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Biol Mol & Doencas Endem, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Luquetti, Alejandro] Lab Pesquisa Doenca Chagas, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Ladzins, Janis] WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis TDR, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Schijman, AG (reprint author), Inst Invest Ingn Genet & Biol Mol INGEBI CONICET, Lab Biol Mol Enfermedad Chagas LabMECH, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM schijman@dna.uba.ar RI Buscher, Philippe/B-9956-2012; FLORES-CHAVEZ, MARIA/M-5918-2015; Orellana, Liliana/I-5249-2013; Ramirez, Juan David/F-3524-2016; Orellana, Liliana/S-3302-2016; OI Buscher, Philippe/0000-0002-1926-7472; FLORES-CHAVEZ, MARIA/0000-0003-2597-3100; Orellana, Liliana/0000-0003-3736-4337; Ramirez, Juan David/0000-0002-1344-9312; Orellana, Liliana/0000-0003-3736-4337; Mejia-jaramillo, Ana/0000-0003-2125-9858 FU World Health Organization-Tropical Diseases Research, Panamerican Health Organization (WHO-TDR-PAHO); Universidad de las Naciones Unidas/Biotecnologia para America Latina y el Caribe (UNU-BIOLAC); Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia (CONICET) [PIP 112-200801-09215]; National Agency of Science and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina [PICT 33955] FX Funding was provided by World Health Organization-Tropical Diseases Research, Panamerican Health Organization (WHO-TDR-PAHO), Universidad de las Naciones Unidas/Biotecnologia para America Latina y el Caribe (UNU-BIOLAC), Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia (CONICET) PIP 112-200801-09215, National Agency of Science and Technology, PICT 33955, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 AR e931 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000931 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 711MP UT WOS:000286596000009 PM 21264349 ER PT J AU Shane, HL Verani, JR Abudho, B Montgomery, SP Blackstock, AJ Mwinzi, PNM Butler, SE Karanja, DMS Secor, WE AF Shane, Hillary L. Verani, Jennifer R. Abudho, Bernard Montgomery, Susan P. Blackstock, Anna J. Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Butler, Sara E. Karanja, Diana M. S. Secor, W. Evan TI Evaluation of Urine CCA Assays for Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Western Kenya SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING CATHODIC ANTIGEN; LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST PERFORMANCE; KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE; CONDITIONAL DEPENDENCE; LAKE VICTORIA; TESTS; PRAZIQUANTEL; COINFECTIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Although accurate assessment of the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is important for the design and evaluation of control programs, the most widely used tools for diagnosis are limited by suboptimal sensitivity, slow turn-around-time, or inability to distinguish current from former infections. Recently, two tests that detect circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine of patients with schistosomiasis became commercially available. As part of a larger study on schistosomiasis prevalence in young children, we evaluated the performance and diagnostic accuracy of these tests-the carbon test strip designed for use in the laboratory and the cassette format test intended for field use. In comparison to 6 Kato-Katz exams, the carbon and cassette CCA tests had sensitivities of 88.4% and 94.2% and specificities of 70.9% and 59.4%, respectively. However, because of the known limitations of the Kato-Katz assay, we also utilized latent class analysis (LCA) incorporating the CCA, Kato-Katz, and schistosome-specific antibody results to determine their sensitivities and specificities. The laboratory-based CCA test had a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 89.4% by LCA while the cassette test had a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 74.7%. The intensity of the reaction in both urine CCA tests reflected stool egg burden and their performance was not affected by the presence of soil transmitted helminth infections. Our results suggest that urine-based assays for CCA may be valuable in screening for S. mansoni infections. C1 [Shane, Hillary L.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Montgomery, Susan P.; Blackstock, Anna J.; Butler, Sara E.; Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Abudho, Bernard; Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Karanja, Diana M. S.] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. [Blackstock, Anna J.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Shane, HL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov FU Association of Public Health Laboratories FX Financial support for H. L. S. and S. E. B. was provided by the Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program of the Association of Public Health Laboratories (http://www.aphl.org/profdev/fellowships/eid/Pages/default.aspx). The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (http://score.uga.edu/) provided the urine CCA tests. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2727 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 AR e951 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000951 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 711MP UT WOS:000286596000024 PM 21283613 ER PT J AU Olsen, LD Snawder, JE Kriech, AJ Osborn, LV AF Olsen, Larry D. Snawder, John E. Kriech, Anthony J. Osborn, Linda V. TI Development of a 5-Layer Passive Organic Dermal (POD) Sampler SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE asphalt paving; bitumen; dermal monitoring; method development; passive sampling; polycyclic aromatic compounds ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; WORKERS AB A 5-layer passive organic dermal sampler was developed to allow the collection, retention, and recovery of a variety of organic compound classes simultaneously. The 5-layers, from outside in, consisted of polypropylene, polyurethane foam, C-18 solid-phase extraction disk, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, and activated carbon cloth. The layers were enclosed in aluminum foil and placed in a muslin envelope that had a 40.0 mm diameter opening. Ten samplers were spiked separately with three levels of diesel oil, a 50/50 diesel oil/asphalt mixture, and asphalt binder. For the diesel oil spikes, recoveries were 69.9, 71.3, 88.8, and 95.4% for 10, 10, 50, and 100 mg of diesel oil. For the 50/50 mixture, recoveries were 105.4, 92.8, and 92.0% for 10, 50, and 100 mg of the 50/50 mixture. For the asphalt binder spikes, recoveries were 104.7, 100.2, and 100.1% for 10, 50, and 100 mg of asphalt binder. For repeatability assessment, 7 samplers were spiked with 50 mg of the 50/50 mixture and recoveries averaged 92.6% (standard deviation 8.6). Samplers tested on asphalt paving workers proved functional, comfortable, flexible, and durable. C1 [Olsen, Larry D.; Snawder, John E.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Kriech, Anthony J.; Osborn, Linda V.] Heritage Res Grp, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Olsen, LD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM Lolsen@cdc.gov FU National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA); State Asphalt Pavement Associations (SAPA) FX This study was sponsored by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) and the State Asphalt Pavement Associations (SAPA). The partnership, including the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Harvard School of Public Health, the Boston University School of Public Health, PetroLabs Inc., and Heritage Research Group (HRG), appreciate the involvement of Milestone Contractors LP (the HMA paving and concrete contractor) and would like to extend a special thanks to the workers for their cooperation during this study. Thanks to Kit Peregrine, Adam Redman, Todd Dobbs, Michael Brinton, Kate Macri, and Nathan Hampton (HRG) for assembling, conducting experiments to validate and field test the POD sampler; also, thanks to Deborah Sammons (NIOSH) for her expert assistance in the field. A special thanks to Linda Coyne (SKC, Inc.) for providing expert advice, helpful discussions, and providing materials used in preliminary sampler development, validation, and field-testing. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 154 EP 172 DI 10.1080/10406638.2011.581262 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 884LL UT WOS:000299706700003 ER PT J AU Osborn, LV Snawder, JE Olsen, LD Kriech, AJ Cavallari, JM Herrick, RF McClean, MD Blackburn, GR AF Osborn, Linda V. Snawder, John E. Olsen, Larry D. Kriech, Anthony J. Cavallari, Jennifer M. Herrick, Robert F. McClean, Michael D. Blackburn, Gary R. TI Pilot Study for the Investigation of Personal Breathing Zone and Dermal Exposure Using Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) and PAC Metabolites in the Urine of Hot-Mix Asphalt Paving Workers SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE asphalt paving; dermal; inhalation; polycyclic aromatic compounds ID ROAD PAVERS; BITUMEN FUMES; HYDROCARBONS; CARCINOGENICITY; RISK AB As part of the design of a comprehensive study of hot-mix asphalt paving workers to investigate the relative contribution of personal breathing zone and dermal exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds, a two-part pilot (Phase I) was performed. The pilot study was important to examine the sources of exposure, the chemical nature of these exposures, and their biological relevance through analysis of biomarkers in urine. Existing, modified, and new sampling and analytical techniques, used in concert with each other, were evaluated to help design the full-scale study (Phase II). Although subject numbers were limited, the air, dermal, and urine sampling, analytical results and field experience provided valuable guidance in the design and implementation of Phase II. An overview of methods used and developed from this study is provided. More details of those methods selected for Phase II are presented in complementary manuscripts. Results of Phase II will be the subject of future publications. C1 [Osborn, Linda V.; Kriech, Anthony J.] Heritage Res Grp, Indianapolis, IN 46231 USA. [Snawder, John E.; Olsen, Larry D.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Cavallari, Jennifer M.; Herrick, Robert F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McClean, Michael D.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Blackburn, Gary R.] PetroLabs Inc, Ivyland, PA USA. RP Osborn, LV (reprint author), Heritage Res Grp, 7901 W Morris St, Indianapolis, IN 46231 USA. EM linda.osborn@heritage-enviro.com RI McClean, Michael/J-2934-2015 FU National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA); State Asphalt Pavement Associations (SAPA) FX This study was sponsored by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) and the State Asphalt Pavement Associations (SAPA). The partnership, including the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Harvard School of Public Health, the Boston University School of Public Health, PetroLabs Inc. and Heritage Research Group (HRG), appreciate the involvement of Milestone Contractors LP (the asphalt paving and concrete control group contractor) and would like to extend a special thanks to the workers for their cooperation during this study. Thanks to Deborah Sammons (NIOSH), Kit Peregrine, and Adam Redman (HRG) for their field expertise. Finally, thanks to Damon Carl for his manuscript review. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Mention of company names and/or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 173 EP 200 DI 10.1080/10406638.2011.585369 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 884LQ UT WOS:000299707200001 ER PT J AU Kriech, AJ Osborn, LV Snawder, JE Olsen, LD Herrick, RF Cavallari, JM McClean, MD Blackburn, GR AF Kriech, Anthony J. Osborn, Linda V. Snawder, John E. Olsen, Larry D. Herrick, Robert F. Cavallari, Jennifer M. McClean, Michael D. Blackburn, Gary R. TI Study Design and Methods to Investigate Inhalation and Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Urinary Metabolites from Asphalt Paving Workers: Research Conducted through Partnership SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE asphalt; dermal; fumes; inhalation; paving; polycyclic aromatic compounds; urinary metabolites ID ROAD PAVERS; BITUMEN FUMES; CARCINOGENICITY; HYDROCARBONS; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; SAMPLER AB Innovations in science may require crossing traditional boundaries between industry, unions, government, and academia. While such collaborations have the potential to be highly beneficial and productive, opportunities for such collaborations are often missed due to some of the inherent challenges. This collaborative research effort demonstrates an example of how a successful partnership can optimize the ability to answer complicated scientific questions. Specifically, these researchers collaborated to investigate inhalation and dermal exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds and related urinary metabolites in hot-mix asphalt paving workers. Reported here are details of the partnership process used to create the study design, the review processes, and details of the analytical methodologies employed to help attain the study goals related to the identification of the nature, source, pathway, and biological relevance of exposure during hot-mix asphalt paving operations. The actual results of the study are being prepared for future publications. C1 [Kriech, Anthony J.; Osborn, Linda V.] Heritage Res Grp, Indianapolis, IN 46231 USA. [Snawder, John E.; Olsen, Larry D.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Herrick, Robert F.; Cavallari, Jennifer M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McClean, Michael D.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Blackburn, Gary R.] PetroLabs Inc, Ivyland, PA USA. RP Osborn, LV (reprint author), Heritage Res Grp, 7901 W Morris St, Indianapolis, IN 46231 USA. EM linda.osborn@heritage-enviro.com RI McClean, Michael/J-2934-2015 NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 243 EP 269 DI 10.1080/10406638.2011.586398 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 884LQ UT WOS:000299707200004 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Biagini, RE Johnson, BC Olsen, LD MacKenzie, BA Robertson, SA Sammons, DL Striley, CAF Walker, CV Snawder, JE AF Smith, Jerome P. Biagini, Raymond E. Johnson, Belinda C. Olsen, Larry D. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Robertson, Shirley A. Sammons, Deborah L. Striley, Cynthia A. F. Walker, Cynthia V. Snawder, John E. TI Assessment of Exposure to PACs in Asphalt Workers: Measurement of Urinary PACs and their Metabolites with an ELISA Kit SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE asphalt; biomonitoring; ELISA; PAC; urine ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; DERMAL EXPOSURE; PAVING WORKERS; BIOMARKERS; PAH; AIRBORNE AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit made for determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in water was adapted for measuring PACs and their metabolites in urine. This method was then applied to a pilot asphalt worker PAC exposure study. Currently, liquid-liquid extraction with gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) is the preferred method to determine urinary PAC metabolites. Although sensitive and specific, GC/HRMS is time consuming and costly. The ELISA method had a range from 14-720 ng/ml 1-hydroxypyrene equivalents with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 14 ng/ml urine. ELISA and GC/HRMS PAC metabolite measurements had a statistically significant correlation and the PAC ELISA results were indicative of potential asphalt exposure. PAC ELISA is promising as a more rapid and less costly routine method for determining worker exposure to PACs in asphalt emissions. C1 [Smith, Jerome P.; Biagini, Raymond E.; Johnson, Belinda C.; Olsen, Larry D.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Robertson, Shirley A.; Sammons, Deborah L.; Striley, Cynthia A. F.; Walker, Cynthia V.; Snawder, John E.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C-26, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JPSmith1@cdc.gov FU National Asphalt Pavement Association; State Asphalt Pavement Associations in the U.S. FX The authors thank Gary Fore and the National Asphalt Pavement Association and the State Asphalt Pavement Associations in the U.S. for providing funding for the project, and Tony Kriech and Linda Osborn of the Heritage Research Group for their coordination of the project. We also would like to thank Todd Dobbs, Kit Peregrine, Adam Redman, and Michael Brinton of Heritage Research Group, and John Clark and Michael Breitenstein of NIOSH for their field support. In addition, many thanks are given to the construction companies and workers whose sites were used for this study. The authors would also like to acknowledge Lovisa Romanoff, Zheng Li, Debra Trinidad, Erin Pittman, Sandra Lester, Kevin Hand, and Andreas Sjodin of the National Center for Environmental Health for providing GC/HRMS data for comparison. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 270 EP 285 DI 10.1080/10406638.2011.604663 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 884LQ UT WOS:000299707200005 ER PT J AU Ishida, K Stupp, P Erskine, M Goldberg, H Morgah, K AF Ishida, Kanako Stupp, Paul Erskine, Marcy Goldberg, Howard Morgah, Kodjo TI The problems of eligibility and endogenous confounders when assessing the mortality impact of a nationwide disease-prevention programme: The case of insecticide-treated nets in Togo SO POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE programme evaluation; disease prevention; child mortality; endogeneity; malaria; insecticide-treated net (ITN); sub-Saharan Africa; Togo ID IMPREGNATED BEDNET PROGRAM; MALARIA VECTORS; WESTERN KENYA; COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; MORBIDITY; TANZANIA; AREA; CURTAINS; BURDEN AB Evaluation of the mortality impact of nationwide disease-prevention efforts is complicated by potential endogeneity: programme recipients may have unobserved characteristics that simultaneously make them both more likely to become recipients and more likely to survive as a result of other health practices. This population-based study assesses the mortality impact of a nationwide programme that distributed insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to mothers of children aged 9-59 months in Togo. By comparing mortality rates before and after the programme according to households' eligibility status, we demonstrate that a one-time programme that restricts eligibility to households with a surviving child excludes some households with a high risk of child mortality. We then apply simultaneous estimation models to untangle the mortality impact of ITNs from the effects of unobserved confounders and show that among eligible households, living in a household with ITNs significantly reduces mortality for children aged 20-59 months, even after controlling for endogeneity. C1 [Ishida, Kanako; Stupp, Paul; Goldberg, Howard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Erskine, Marcy] Int Federat Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ishida, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM guk6@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0032-4728 J9 POP STUD-J DEMOG JI Popul. Stud.-J. Demogr. PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 AR PII 933046151 DI 10.1080/00324728.2010.544323 PG 15 WC Demography SC Demography GA 723FI UT WOS:000287491500003 PM 21294055 ER PT J AU Jemmott, JB Jemmott, LS O'Leary, A Ngwane, Z Icard, L Bellamy, S Jones, S Landis, JR Heeren, GA Tyler, JC Makiwane, MB AF Jemmott, John B., III Jemmott, Loretta S. O'Leary, Ann Ngwane, Zolani Icard, Larry Bellamy, Scarlett Jones, Shasta Landis, J. Richard Heeren, G. Anita Tyler, Joanne C. Makiwane, Monde B. TI Cognitive-behavioural health-promotion intervention increases fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity among South African adolescents: a cluster-randomised controlled trial SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE theory of planned behaviour; intervention; health promotion; health behaviour; fruit; vegetable; exercise ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; BURDEN; HIV; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; DISEASES; SMOKING; PROJECT AB Rates of chronic diseases are high among Black South Africans but few studies have tested cognitive-behavioural health-promotion interventions to reduce this problem. We tested the efficacy of such an intervention among adolescents in a cluster-randomised controlled trial. We randomly selected 9 of 17 matched pairs of schools and randomised one school in each pair to the cognitive-behavioural health-promotion intervention designed to encourage health-related behaviours and the other to a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk-reduction intervention that served as the control. Interventions were based on social cognitive theory, the theory of planned behaviour and qualitative data from the target population. Data collectors, blind to participants' intervention, administered confidential assessments at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Primary outcomes were fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Participants were 1057 grade 6 learners (mean age = 12.4 years), with 96.7% retained at 12-month follow-up. Generalised estimating equations revealed that averaged over the follow-ups, a greater percentage of health-promotion intervention participants than HIV/STD control participants met 5-a-Day fruit and vegetable and physical activity guidelines. The intervention also increased health-promotion knowledge, attitude and intention, but did not decrease substance use or substance-use attitude and intention. The findings suggest that theory based and contextually appropriate interventions may increase health behaviours among young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Jemmott, John B., III; Heeren, G. Anita] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jemmott, Loretta S.] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ngwane, Zolani] Haverford Coll, Dept Anthropol, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Icard, Larry] Temple Univ, Sch Social Work, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Bellamy, Scarlett; Landis, J. Richard] Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jones, Shasta] Univ Penn, Ctr Hlth Promot, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tyler, Joanne C.] Univ Ft Hare, Dept Sci & Stat, Alice, South Africa. [Makiwane, Monde B.] Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Jemmott, JB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jjemmott@asc.upenn.edu OI Landis, J Richard/0000-0001-8099-0988 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD053270]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH065867] NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-0446 J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH JI Psychol. Health PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 167 EP 185 AR PII 933411620 DI 10.1080/08870446.2011.531573 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 720WR UT WOS:000287313900004 PM 21318928 ER PT J AU Schully, SD Benedicto, CB Gillanders, EM Wang, SS Khoury, MJ AF Schully, S. D. Benedicto, C. B. Gillanders, E. M. Wang, S. S. Khoury, M. J. TI Translational Research in Cancer Genetics: The Road Less Traveled SO PUBLIC HEALTH GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cancer; Epidemiology; Genetics; Genomics; Public health; Translational research ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; EGAPP WORKING GROUP; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; HEALTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; PREVENTION AB Gene discoveries in cancer have the potential for clinical and public health applications. To take advantage of such discoveries, a translational research agenda is needed to take discoveries from the bench to population health impact. To assess the current status of translational research in cancer genetics, we analyzed the extramural grant portfolio of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from Fiscal Year 2007, as well as the cancer genetic research articles published in 2007. We classified both funded grants and publications as follows: T0 as discovery research; T1 as research to develop a candidate health application (e. g., test or therapy); T2 as research that evaluates a candidate application and develops evidence-based recommendations; T3 as research that assesses how to integrate an evidence-based recommendation into cancer care and prevention; and T4 as research that assesses health outcomes and population impact. We found that 1.8% of the grant portfolio and 0.6% of the published literature was T2 research or beyond. In addition to discovery research in cancer genetics, a translational research infrastructure is urgently needed to methodically evaluate and translate gene discoveries for cancer care and prevention. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Schully, S. D.; Gillanders, E. M.; Khoury, M. J.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Benedicto, C. B.] NCI, Off Workforce Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, S. S.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Etiol, Dept Populat Sci, Duarte, CA USA. [Khoury, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schully, SD (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd Suite 5138 MSC 7393, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM schullys@mail.nih.gov NR 39 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-4246 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH GENOM JI Pub. Health Genomics PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1159/000272897 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 694MB UT WOS:000285301200001 PM 20051673 ER PT J AU Valdez, R Coates, RJ St Pierre, J Grossniklaus, D Khoury, MJ AF Valdez, R. Coates, R. J. St Pierre, J. Grossniklaus, D. Khoury, M. J. TI Knowledge Gaps Remain in the Use of Family Health History in Public Health SO PUBLIC HEALTH GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES; RISK C1 [Valdez, R.; Coates, R. J.; St Pierre, J.; Grossniklaus, D.; Khoury, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), CDC, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvaldez@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-4246 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH GENOM JI Pub. Health Genomics PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 94 EP 95 DI 10.1159/000294583 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731MK UT WOS:000288110900005 PM 20460878 ER PT B AU Crews, J AF Crews, John BE Lollar, DJ Andresen, EM TI Aging, Disability, and Public Health SO PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVES ON DISABILITY: EPIDEMIOLOGY TO ETHICS AND BEYOND LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; DOWN-SYNDROME; SECONDARY CONDITIONS; LIFE SATISFACTION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-PEOPLE; ADULTS; POPULATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crews, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrews@cdc.gov NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7340-5 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 183 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7341-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7341-2 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BSL54 UT WOS:000284860100010 ER PT J AU Nair, HP Torian, LV Forgione, L Begier, EM AF Nair, Hemanth P. Torian, Lucia V. Forgione, Lisa Begier, Elizabeth M. TI Evaluation of HIV Incidence Surveillance in New York City, 2006 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC TESTING ALGORITHM; REPORTING REQUIREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; DISEASE; MEN; COUNTRIES; AFRICA; COHORT AB In 2005, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented a standardized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence surveillance protocol based on the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion deployed nationwide by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We evaluated four key attributes of NYC's HIV incidence surveillance system-simplicity, data quality, timeliness, and acceptability-using CDC's guidelines for surveillance system evaluation. The evaluation revealed that the system could potentially provide HIV incidence estimates stratified by borough and major demographic groups at about nine months after the period of interest. The system strengths include its relative simplicity and integration with routine HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance. Weaknesses include lack of completeness of testing history information, a critical component of incidence estimation. Continued improvements in data completeness and timeliness will improve the currently available information to inform personnel who develop HIV-prevention programs and policy initiatives in NYC and nationally. C1 [Nair, Hemanth P.; Torian, Lucia V.; Forgione, Lisa; Begier, Elizabeth M.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10279 USA. [Nair, Hemanth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nair, HP (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 233 Broadway,26th Floor,CN-6W, New York, NY 10279 USA. EM hnair@health.nyc.gov FU NYC DOHMH Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology and Field Services Program [U62/CCU223595]; CDC [U62/CCU223595] FX This study was supported through a cooperative agreement between the NYC DOHMH Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology and Field Services Program and CDC (U62/CCU223595). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 126 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 704HP UT WOS:000286042000006 PM 21337929 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Eaton, DK Brener, ND Kann, L AF Lowry, Richard Eaton, Danice K. Brener, Nancy D. Kann, Laura TI Prevalence of Health-Risk Behaviors Among Asian American and Pacific Islander High School Students in the U.S., 2001-2007 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; SEXUAL PRACTICES; ADOLESCENTS; SURVEILLANCE; ACCULTURATION; SUBGROUPS; CHINESE; HAWAII AB Objectives. We provided national prevalence estimates for selected health-risk behaviors for Asian American and Pacific Islander high school students separately, and compared those prevalence estimates with those of white, black, and Hispanic students. Methods. We analyzed data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. To generate a sufficient sample of Asian American and Pacific Islander students, we combined data from four nationally representative surveys of U.S. high school students conducted in 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007 (total n=56,773). Results. Asian American students were significantly less likely than Pacific Islander, white, black, or Hispanic students to have drunk alcohol or used marijuana. Asian American students also were the least likely to have carried a weapon, to have been in a physical fight, to have ever had sexual intercourse, or to be currently sexually active. Once sexually active, Asian American students were as likely as most other racial/ethnic groups to have used alcohol or drugs at last sexual intercourse or to have used a condom at last sexual intercourse. Pacific Islander students were significantly more likely than Asian American, white, black, or Hispanic students to have seriously considered or attempted suicide. Conclusions. The prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors exhibited by Asian American students and Pacific Islander students are very different and should be reported separately whenever feasible. To address the different health-risk behaviors exhibited by Asian American and Pacific Islander students, prevention programs should use culturally sensitive strategies and materials. C1 [Lowry, Richard; Eaton, Danice K.; Brener, Nancy D.; Kann, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Rlowry@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 126 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 704HP UT WOS:000286042000007 PM 21337930 ER PT J AU Boehmer, TK Patnaik, JL Burnite, SJ Ghosh, TS Gershman, K Vogt, RL AF Boehmer, Tegan K. Patnaik, Jennifer L. Burnite, Steven J. Ghosh, Tista S. Gershman, Ken Vogt, Richard L. TI Use of Hospital Discharge Data to Evaluate Notifiable Disease Reporting to Colorado's Electronic Disease Reporting System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; COMPLETENESS; HEALTH; STATE AB Objective. Notifiable disease surveillance systems are critical for communicable disease control, and accurate and timely reporting of hospitalized patients who represent the most severe cases is important. A local health department in metropolitan Denver used inpatient hospital discharge (IHD) data to evaluate the sensitivity, timeliness, and data quality of reporting eight notifiable diseases to the Colorado Electronic Disease Reporting System (CEDRS). Methods. Using IHD data, we detected hospitalized patients admitted from 2003 through 2005 with a discharge diagnosis associated with one of eight notifiable diseases. Initially, we compared all cases identified through IHD diagnoses fields with cases reported to CEDRS. Second, we chose four diseases and conducted medical record review to confirm the IHD diagnoses before comparison with CEDRS cases. Results. Relying on IHD diagnoses only, shigellosis, salmonellosis, and Neisseria meningitidis invasive disease had high sensitivity (>= 90%) and timeliness (>= 75%); legionellosis, pertussis, and West Nile virus infection were intermediate; and hepatitis A and Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) invasive disease had low sensitivity (<= 25%) and timeliness (<= 33%). Medical record review improved the sensitivity to >= 90% and timeliness to >= 80% for H. influenza invasive disease, legionellosis, and pertussis; however, hepatitis A retained suboptimal sensitivity (67%) and timeliness (25%). Conclusions. Hospital discharge data are useful for evaluating notifiable disease surveillance systems. Limitations encountered by using discharge diagnoses alone can be overcome by conducting medical record review. Public health agencies should conduct periodic surveillance system evaluations among hospitalized patients and reinforce notifiable disease reporting among the people responsible for this activity. C1 [Boehmer, Tegan K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Boehmer, Tegan K.; Patnaik, Jennifer L.; Ghosh, Tista S.; Vogt, Richard L.] Tricty Hlth Dept, Greenwood, CO USA. [Burnite, Steven J.; Gershman, Ken] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Boehmer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tboehmer@cdc.gov RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 126 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 704HP UT WOS:000286042000013 PM 21337935 ER PT B AU Fields, PI Fitzgerald, C McQuiston, JR AF Fields, P. I. Fitzgerald, C. McQuiston, J. R. BE Hoorfar, J TI FAST AND HIGH-THROUGHPUT MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS SO RAPID DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ENUMERATION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOCUS VARIABLE-NUMBER; TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA C1 [Fields, P. I.; Fitzgerald, C.; McQuiston, J. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, PI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-712-1; 978-1-55581-542-4 PY 2011 BP 81 EP 92 D2 10.1128/9781555817121 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BC6EK UT WOS:000353832700006 ER PT S AU Dolan, MC Panella, NA AF Dolan, Marc C. Panella, Nicholas A. BE Paluch, GE Coats, JR TI A Review of Arthropod Repellents SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INVERTEBRATE REPELLENTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP ACS, Div Chem Educ, ACS, Div Ind & Engn Chem, ACS, Div Fuel Chem ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; INSECT REPELLENTS; LYME-DISEASE; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; ESSENTIAL OILS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AB Arthropod bites can potentially result in the transmission of numerous infectious diseases and remain a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most effective means of preventing arthropod bites is achieved through the use and practice of personal protective measures, including the use of repellents. Repellents are typically applied to exposed skin but they can also be applied to clothing or other surfaces to discourage arthropods from landing or climbing onto treated surfaces. In this chapter we review the history of repellents, how we attract biting arthropods, and provide some detail on how repellents work. Information is provided on the effectiveness of four common synthetic compounds including: Deet, permethrin, picaridin, and IR3535. In addition, efficacy of naturally derived repellents such as: citronella, lemon eucalyptus oil, BioUD and other all natural compounds are discussed. Finally, current research on novel all natural compounds are reported. C1 [Dolan, Marc C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Panella, Nicholas A.] Div Vector Borne Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, 2 Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mcd4@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2675-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1090 BP 1 EP + PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Entomology SC Chemistry; Entomology GA BDF51 UT WOS:000313021500001 ER PT J AU Rivera, JA Martorell, R Gonzaez, W Lutter, C de Cossio, TG Flores-Ayala, R Uauy, R Delgado, H AF Rivera, Juan A. Martorell, Reynaldo Gonzalez, Wendy Lutter, Chessa Gonzalez de Cossio, Teresa Flores-Ayala, Rafael Uauy, Ricardo Delgado, Hernan CA Grp Tecnico Nutr SMS TI Preventing maternal and child malnutrition:The nutrition component of the Mesoamerican Health Initiative 2015 SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE chronic malnutrition; micronutrient deficiencies; Mesoamerica; malnutrition AB To describe the regional master plan of nutrition to address maternal and child malnutrition in a 5-year period developed by the Nutrition Technical Group. The Nutrition Technical Group developed a situation analysis describing the main nutrition problems, policies and programs in Mesoamerica. The situation analysis and a literature review about effective interventions to address malnutrition were conducted to develop a nutrition master plan. The Nutrition Technical Group held various meetings to develop, discuss and validate the master plan. Theory of change identified problems and barriers,the actions to be developed,the changes and impacts expected. A package of interventions is proposed to reduce undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies useful under different epidemiological contexts. The nutrition master plan provides a guideline of best practices that can be used for evidence-informed decision making and the development of national policies and programs to reduce malnutrition. C1 [Rivera, Juan A.; Gonzalez, Wendy; Gonzalez de Cossio, Teresa] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Nutr & Salud, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. [Martorell, Reynaldo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gonzalez, Wendy] Univ Carolina Sur, Escuela Salud Publ, Dept Promoc Salud, Columbia, SC USA. [Lutter, Chessa] Org Panamer Salud, Salud Familia & Comunidad, Washington, DC USA. [Flores-Ayala, Rafael] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Uauy, Ricardo] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Tecnol Alimentos, Santiago, Chile. [Uauy, Ricardo] Univ London, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Delgado, Hernan] Inst Nutr Ctr Amer & Panama INCAP, Programa Reg Seguridad Alimentaria & Nutr Centroa, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Rivera, JA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Nutr & Salud, Av Univ 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. EM jrivera@insp.mx NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 EI 1606-7916 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PY 2011 VL 53 SU 3 BP S303 EP S311 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V39LT UT WOS:000209413200004 PM 22344375 ER PT J AU Borjan, M Marcella, S Blount, B Greenberg, M Zhang, J Murphy, E Valentin-Blasini, L Robson, M AF Borjan, Marija Marcella, Stephen Blount, Benjamin Greenberg, Michael Zhang, Junfeng (Jim) Murphy, Eileen Valentin-Blasini, Liza Robson, Mark TI Perchlorate exposure in lactating women in an urban community in New Jersey SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Breast milk; Urine; Drinking water ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BREAST-MILK; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; US POPULATION; EXCRETION; IODINE; THIOCYANATE AB Perchlorate is most widely known as a solid oxidant for missile and rocket propulsion systems although it is also present as a trace contaminant in some fertilizers. It has been detected in drinking water, fruits, and vegetables throughout New jersey and most of the United States. At sufficiently high doses, perchlorate interferes with the uptake of iodine into the thyroid and may interfere with the development of the skeletal system and the central nervous system of infants. Therefore, it is important to quantify perchlorate in breast milk to understand potential perchlorate exposure in infants. In this study we measured perchlorate in breast milk, urine, and drinking water collected from 106 lactating mothers from Central New Jersey. Each subject was asked to provide three sets of samples over a 3-month period. The average +/- SD perchlorate level in drinking water, breast milk, and urine was 0.168 +/- 0.132 ng/mL (n = 253), 6.80 +/- 8.76 ng/mL (n = 276), and 3.19 +/- 3.64 ng/mL (3.51 +/- 6.79 mu g/g creatinine) (n = 273), respectively. Urinary perchlorate levels were lower than reference range values for women of reproductive age (5.16 +/- 11.33 mu g/g creatinine. p = 0.03), likely because of perchlorate secretion in breast milk. Drinking water perchlorate levels were <= 1.05 ng/mL and were not positively correlated with either breast milk or urine perchlorate levels. These findings together suggest that drinking water was not the most important perchlorate exposure source for these women. Creatinine-adjusted urine perchlorate levels were strongly correlated with breast milk perchlorate levels (r = 0.626, p = <0.0005). Breast milk perchlorate levels in this study are consistent with widespread perchlorate exposure in lactating women and thus infants. This suggests that breast milk may be a source of exposure to perchlorate in infants. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robson, Mark] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Borjan, Marija; Zhang, Junfeng (Jim); Robson, Mark] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Marcella, Stephen] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Blount, Benjamin; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Greenberg, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Bloustien Sch Planning & Publ Policy, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Murphy, Eileen] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci & Res, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Robson, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, 93 Lipman Dr,Blake Hall,Suite 118, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM robson@aesop.rutgers.edu FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research; NIEHS [NIEHS P30ES005022] FX The authors thank the Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the pediatric staff at Eric B. Chandler Health Center in New Brunswick, NJ. This study was funded by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research; Dr. Eileen Murphy, project manager. This research was supported in part by the NIEHS sponsored UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Grant #: NIEHS P30ES005022. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 3 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.045 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707MV UT WOS:000286291600003 PM 21109291 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Morse, SA AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Morse, Stephen A. TI Structure and infrastructure of infectious agent research literature: SARS SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); Coronavirus; Infectious diseases; Text mining; Bibliometrics; Citation analysis ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; DISCOVERY LRD; BIBLIOMETRICS; COV; CHINA AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global SARS research literature. A SARS-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index (SCI) (SCI 2008) database for the period 1998-early 2008. The SARS research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) was obtained using bibliometrics, and the SARS research literature technical structure (hierarchical taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document clustering. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rkostoff@mitre.org NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s11192-010-0240-6 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 688XC UT WOS:000284888600015 ER PT J AU Kulldorff, M Davis, RL Kolczak, M Lewis, E Lieu, T Platt, R AF Kulldorff, Martin Davis, Robert L. Kolczak, Margarette Lewis, Edwin Lieu, Tracy Platt, Richard TI A Maximized Sequential Probability Ratio Test for Drug and Vaccine Safety Surveillance SO SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS-DESIGN METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Drug safety; Pharmacovigilance; Rapid cycle analysis; Sequential analysis; Surveillance AB Because of rare but serious adverse events, pharmaceutical drugs and vaccines are sometimes withdrawn from the market, either by a government agency such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States or by the manufacturing pharmaceutical company. In other cases, a drug may be generally safe but increase the risk for serious adverse events for certain subpopulations such as pregnant women or people with heart problems. Due to limited sample size and selected study populations, rare adverse events are often impossible to detect during phase 3 trials conducted before the drug is approved for general use. It is then important to conduct post-approval drug safety surveillance, using, for example, health insurance claims data. In such surveillance, the goal should be to detect serious adverse events as early as possible without too many false alarms, and it is then natural to use a continuous or near-continuous sequential test procedure that reevaluates the data on a daily or weekly basis. In this article, we first show that Wald's classical sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for continuous surveillance is very sensitive to the choice of relative risk required in the specification of the alternative hypothesis, making it difficult to use for drug and vaccine safety surveillance. We instead propose the use of a maximized sequential probability ratio test (MaxSPRT) based on a composite alternative hypothesis, which works well across a range of relative risks. We illustrate the use of this method on vaccine safety surveillance and compare it with the classical SPRT. A table of critical values for the MaxSPRT is provided, covering most parameter choices relevant for vaccine and drug safety surveillance. The critical values are based on exact numerical calculations. We also calculate the statistical power, the expected time until the null hypothesis is rejected, and the average length of surveillance. C1 [Kulldorff, Martin; Lieu, Tracy; Platt, Richard] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kulldorff, Martin; Lieu, Tracy; Platt, Richard] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Davis, Robert L.] Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Ctr Hlth Res Southeast, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kolczak, Margarette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lewis, Edwin] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Kulldorff, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM martin_kulldorff@hms.harvard.edu OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project; Agency for Health Care Research and Quality [HS10391] FX This work was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project and in part by grant HS10391 to the HMO Research Network Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. We thank Ruihua Yin for data support, Elizabeth Pfoh for creating the figure, and Paul Gargiullo for valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0747-4946 J9 SEQUENTIAL ANAL JI Seq. Anal. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 58 EP 78 DI 10.1080/07474946.2011.539924 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V29PN UT WOS:000208760400004 ER PT J AU Seth, P Wingood, GM DiClemente, RJ Crosby, RA Salazar, LF Rose, ES Sales, JM AF Seth, Puja Wingood, Gina M. DiClemente, Ralph J. Crosby, Richard A. Salazar, Laura F. Rose, Eve S. Sales, Jessica M. TI Differences between African-American adolescent females with and without human papillomavirus infection SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE African-American; adolescents; human papillomavirus ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; VACCINE AB Background: An important policy question is whether high-risk populations can be identified and prioritised for human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation. Methods: Data collection included an audio computer-assisted survey interview and testing of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and HPV among 295 African-American adolescent females. Results: The results indicated that 43.1% tested positive for HPV. Logistic regression analyses indicated that HPV prevalence was not associated with other sexually transmissible infections (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51-1.41), unprotected vaginal sex (PR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.56-1.92), having sex with an older male partner (PR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.64-1.96), and having a casual partner (PR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54-1.48). Additionally, t-tests indicated that HPV prevalence was not associated with frequency of vaginal sex (t = 0.17, P = 0.87), protected sex (t = -0.16, P = 0.87), number of recent (t = 0.40, P = 0.69) or lifetime (t = 1.45, P = 0.15) sexual partners. However, those testing positive for HPV were younger (t = 1.97, P = 0.05) and reported current use of birth control pills (PR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.00-5.63). Conclusions: It may not be possible to identify those with elevated risk of HPV acquisition. Thus, HPV vaccination, regardless of risk indicators, may be the most efficacious public health strategy. C1 [Seth, Puja; Wingood, Gina M.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Salazar, Laura F.; Rose, Eve S.; Sales, Jessica M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Seth, Puja; Wingood, Gina M.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Salazar, Laura F.; Sales, Jessica M.] Emory Univ, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [DiClemente, Ralph J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [DiClemente, Ralph J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Crosby, Richard A.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Crosby, Richard A.] Indiana Univ, Rural Ctr AIDS & STD Prevent, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Seth, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pseth@cdc.gov FU National Institute of Mental Health [5R01-MH061210] FX This research was supported by grant, 5R01-MH061210, from the National Institute of Mental Health awarded to Dr. Ralph DiClemente. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1071/SH10107 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 710NL UT WOS:000286518400024 PM 21371396 ER PT J AU Hood, JE Friedman, AL AF Hood, Julia E. Friedman, Allison L. TI Unveiling the hidden epidemic: a review of stigma associated with sexually transmissible infections SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE literature review; sexual health; sexually transmitted diseases ID AMERICAN DEEP SOUTH; OF-THE-LITERATURE; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; GENITAL HERPES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GENITOURINARY MEDICINE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT; YOUNG-WOMEN; HIV AB Stigma has long accompanied sexually transmissible infections (STI) and hindered prevention and control efforts. It not only acts as a formidable barrier to STI testing, treatment and disclosure, but has a multitude of consequences for the health and quality of life of infected individuals. This review summarises the literature related to STI stigma and offers practical approaches to counter STI-associated stigma through multi-level efforts. Specifically, it describes the key sources that breed and perpetuate stigma, outlines how STI-associated stigma has been conceptualised and measured in the literature, documents the impact of stigma on infected and uninfected individuals, and summarises the stigma reduction strategies recommended in the literature. Gaps in the literature are identified and areas for further research are suggested, along with practical strategies for moving forward. C1 [Hood, Julia E.; Friedman, Allison L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hood, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbo4@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1071/SH10070 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 766HL UT WOS:000290771500005 PM 21592429 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Barry, V Bell, BP Valleroy, LA Behel, S MacKellar, DA Secura, G Thiede, H McFarland, W Ford, WL Bingham, TA Shehan, DA Celentano, DD AF Bialek, Stephanie R. Barry, Vaughn Bell, Beth P. Valleroy, Linda A. Behel, Stephanie MacKellar, Duncan A. Secura, Gina Thiede, Hanne McFarland, Willi Ford, Wesley L. Bingham, Trista A. Shehan, Douglas A. Celentano, David D. CA Young Men's Survey Study Grp TI Seroprevalence and correlates of hepatitis A among HIV-negative American men who have sex with men SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccination; MSM; prevalence; USA; young men's study ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; VACCINATION; VIRUS; PREVALENCE AB Background: Hepatitis A outbreaks are well documented among men who have sex with men (MSM). This analysis examines characteristics associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among a large group of young adult MSM from five USA cities. Methods: The Young Men's Survey was a cross-sectional prevalence study of HIV infection and related behavioural risk factors among MSM aged 15-29 years during 1994-2000. Serum specimens from HIV-negative participants were retrospectively tested for antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV). Data were stratified by ethnicity and analysed with logistic regression. Results: Overall anti-HAV prevalence was 18.4% among the 2708 participants, and varied by ethnicity from 6.9 to 45.3% and was highest among Hispanic and Asian men (P < 0.001). Prevalence increased with age across all racial/ethnic groups. Among white men, anti-HAV positivity was associated with having 20 or more lifetime male sex partners for those aged 15-22 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-4.1) and ever having had unprotected anal sex for those aged 23-29 years (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.5). Conclusions: Factors associated with a history of HAV infection among MSM in non-outbreak settings are probably similar to those among non-MSM. MSM are still at risk for HAV infection as a result of outbreaks occurring in MSM communities. Additional studies of hepatitis A vaccination coverage are needed to determine if strategies to vaccinate MSM are adequate. C1 [Bialek, Stephanie R.; Barry, Vaughn; Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. [Valleroy, Linda A.; Behel, Stephanie; MacKellar, Duncan A.; Secura, Gina] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. [Thiede, Hanne] Publ Hlth Seattle Seattle WA & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [McFarland, Willi] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Ford, Wesley L.; Bingham, Trista A.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. [Shehan, Douglas A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Celentano, David D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM Sbialek@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000052] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1071/SH10162 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 808SM UT WOS:000293998700010 PM 21851774 ER PT J AU Owusu-Edusei, K Peterman, TA Ballard, RC AF Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. Peterman, Thomas A. Ballard, Ronald C. TI Serologic Testing for Syphilis in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Two Screening Algorithms SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECOMMENDATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; AFRICA AB Background: The introduction of automated treponemal enzyme immunoassays and chemiluminescence assays (EIA/CA) tests has led some laboratories in the United States to use new syphilis screening algorithms that start with a treponemal test. We compared the economic and health outcomes of this new algorithm with the standard algorithm from the perspective of the United States health system. Methods: We used a cohort decision analysis to estimate the expected costs and effects (including follow-ups and overtreatment) of the 2 algorithms from a health-care system perspective. In the standard algorithm, rapid plasma reagin (RPR) is followed (if reactive) by EIA/CA (Nontreponemal-First). In the new algorithm, EIA/CA is followed (if reactive) by RPR. If the RPR is negative, Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination assay (TP-PA) test is used (Treponemal-First). Results: For a cohort of 200,000 individuals (1000 current infections and 10,000 previous infections), the net costs were $1.6 m (Treponemal-First) and $1.4 m (Nontreponemal-First). The Treponemal-First option treated 118 more cases (986 vs. 868) but resulted in a substantially higher number of follow-ups (11,450 vs. 3756) and overtreatment (964 vs. 38). Treating the additional 118 cases might prevent 1 case of tertiary syphilis. The estimated cost-effectiveness ratios were $1671 (Treponemal-First) and $1621 (Nontreponemal-First) per case treated. The overtreatment was a function of the specificity of the EIA/CA and the lack of independence of EIA/CA and TP-PA. Conclusion: The Treponemal-First option costs slightly more and results in more unnecessary treatment. C1 [Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.; Peterman, Thomas A.; Ballard, Ronald C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owusu-Edusei, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kowusuedusei@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181ec51f1 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 694XO UT WOS:000285335400001 PM 20739911 ER PT J AU Brewer, TH Peterman, TA Newman, DR Schmitt, K AF Brewer, Toye H. Peterman, Thomas A. Newman, Daniel R. Schmitt, Karla TI Reinfections During the Florida Syphilis Epidemic, 2000-2008 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; ASYMPTOMATIC SYPHILIS; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; HIV; INFECTION AB Background: The last 3 syphilis epidemics in the United States peaked after 5 to 6 years, but rates have now increased for 8 years. We questioned whether persons with multiple syphilis diagnoses (repeaters) are fueling the epidemic. Methods: The Florida Department of Health database of all syphilis cases reported between 2000 and 2008 was used to examine demographics and disease presentation of repeaters and nonrepeaters using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 26,070 persons diagnosed with syphilis, 643 (2.5%) were repeaters (range, 2-5 diagnoses): 82 women, 444 men who have sex with men (MSM), and 117 men identified as either heterosexual (n = 43) or unknown sexual orientation (n = 74). The mean time between first and second diagnosis was approximately 3 years. Median titer increase among those with a second diagnosis of early latent was 32-fold. In multivariate analysis, compared with nonrepeaters, repeaters were more likely to be MSM (odds ratio [OR], 5.3), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (OR, 2.0), white (OR, 1.5), ages 35 to 39 (OR, 1.8), and to live in Miami-Dade or Broward Counties (OR, 1.7). Overall, the stage at diagnosis was similar for repeaters, whether it was their initial or subsequent diagnosis. However, HIV-infected MSM were more likely to be diagnosed with early latent at second diagnosis compared with initial diagnosis (P <= 0.01). Conclusions: Most syphilis diagnosed in the current Florida epidemic is among persons infected for the first time. Repeaters are mainly MSM who present with symptoms or large increases in titers. HIV-infected MSM may have higher rates of early asymptomatic disease because of more frequent screening. These are likely to be true new infections. C1 [Brewer, Toye H.; Peterman, Thomas A.; Newman, Daniel R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brewer, Toye H.; Schmitt, Karla] Bur STD Prevent, Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Brewer, TH (reprint author), Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, STD Program, 1350 NW 14th St, Miami, FL 33125 USA. EM toye_brewer@doh.state.fl.us NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e9afc7 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 694XO UT WOS:000285335400003 PM 20739912 ER PT J AU Chapman, DP Wheaton, AG Anda, R Croft, JB Edwards, VJ Liu, Y Sturgis, S Perry, GS AF Chapman, D. P. Wheaton, A. G. Anda, R. Croft, J. B. Edwards, V. J. Liu, Y. Sturgis, S. Perry, G. S. TI SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES IN ADULTS SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Chapman, D. P.; Wheaton, A. G.; Anda, R.; Croft, J. B.; Edwards, V. J.; Liu, Y.; Sturgis, S.; Perry, G. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0721 BP A248 EP A248 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834400722 ER PT J AU Trotti, L Rye, DB De Staercke, C Hooper, C Quyyumi, A Bliwise, DL AF Trotti, L. Rye, D. B. De Staercke, C. Hooper, C. Quyyumi, A. Bliwise, D. L. TI ELEVATED C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP), BUT NOT INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) OR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-A), IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS (PLMS) SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Trotti, L.; Rye, D. B.; Bliwise, D. L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Program Sleep, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [De Staercke, C.; Hooper, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quyyumi, A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0579 BP A199 EP A199 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834400580 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Social Skills for Teenagers With Developmental and Autism Spectrum Disorders THE PEERS TREATMENT MANUAL Introduction SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 3 EP + PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100001 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Preparing for Treatment SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 17 EP 34 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100002 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 1 Introduction and Conversational Skills I-Trading Information SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 37 EP 65 PG 29 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100003 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 2 Conversational Skills II-Two-Way Conversations SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 67 EP 93 PG 27 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100004 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 3 Conversational Skills III-Electronic Communication SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 95 EP 123 PG 29 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100005 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 4 Choosing Appropriate Friends SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 145 PG 21 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100006 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 5 Appropriate Use of Humor SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 147 EP 170 PG 24 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100007 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 6 Peer Entry I-Entering a Conversation SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 171 EP 197 PG 27 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100008 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 7 Peer Entry II-Exiting a Conversation SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 199 EP 222 PG 24 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100009 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 8 Get-Togethers SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 250 PG 28 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100010 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 9 Good Sportsmanship SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100011 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 10 Rejection I-Teasing and Embarrassing Feedback SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 267 EP 291 PG 25 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100012 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 11 Rejection II-Bullying and Bad Reputations SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 293 EP 312 PG 20 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100013 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 12 Handling Disagreements SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 313 EP 335 PG 23 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100014 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 13 Rumors and Gossip SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 337 EP 358 PG 22 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100015 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Session 14 Graduation and Termination SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 359 EP 372 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100016 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Frankel, F AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Frankel, Fred BA Laugeson, EA Frankel, F BF Laugeson, EA Frankel, F TI Case Examples SO SOCIAL SKILLS FOR TEENAGERS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frankel, Fred] NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Frankel, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Fred] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-87203-4 PY 2011 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA BUZ15 UT WOS:000290759100017 ER PT J AU Chen, BE Graubard, BI Flegal, KM Gail, MH AF Chen, Bingshu E. Graubard, Barry I. Flegal, Katherine M. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Comparing strategies to estimate the association of obesity with mortality via a Markov model SO STATISTICS AND ITS INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE Causation; Markov chain; Mortality; Obesity; Reverse causation ID BODY-MASS INDEX; DEATHS; UNDERWEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT AB We used a first order discrete Markov model to investigate strategies to obtain unbiased estimates of the relative mortality hazard for comparing obese with non-obese participants. This hazard ratio is confounded by the fact that obese participants can be either sick or well, as can non-obese participants, and participants can migrate over time from their initial classification on obesity and health status. The parameters of the model were estimated from national survey data and used to illustrate different analytic approaches. The purpose was to compare analytic approaches and not to provide an analysis of a particular data set. Under this model, short term health-stratum-specific estimates are unbiased for estimating the health-stratum-specific instantaneous mortality hazard ratios from obesity, and updating information on body mass index and disease status during long term follow-up reduces bias. For follow-up over 10 or 20 years, exclusion of participants with preexisting disease, excluding the first five years of follow-up, and methods of analysis that ignore health status yield biased estimates of the instantaneous mortality hazard ratios. However, over 10 or 20 year time periods, long-term average mortality hazard ratios or cumulative mortality relative risks are a better reflection of the total impact of obesity, including its tendency to accelerate transitions to sickness under this model, than are instantaneous mortality hazard ratios. Over these longer time periods, average relative hazard estimates or cumulative mortality relative risks based on initially well participants, on initially sick participants, and on the combined initial population each provide valuable descriptions of associations of obesity with mortality. C1 [Chen, Bingshu E.] Queens Univ, NCIC Clin Trials Grp, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Chen, Bingshu E.] Queens Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Graubard, Barry I.; Gail, Mitchell H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Chen, BE (reprint author), Queens Univ, NCIC Clin Trials Grp, Kingston, ON, Canada. EM bechen@ctg.queensu.ca RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Chen, Bingshu/0000-0001-6139-0696; Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Cancer Institute FX This work was supported in part by the the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).; This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1938-7989 J9 STAT INTERFACE JI Stat. Interface PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 451 EP 461 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 861DY UT WOS:000298000500004 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Sackoff, JE Raj-Singh, S Wu, YF Monserrate, J Munsiff, S Vlahov, D AF Factor, Stephanie H. Sackoff, Judy E. Raj-Singh, Shavvy Wu, Yingfeng Monserrate, Joan Munsiff, Sonal Vlahov, David TI Street-outreach Improves Detection but not Referral for Drug Users with Latent Tuberculosis, New York City SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Article DE substance-related disorders; tuberculosis; street drugs; community outreach; substance user treatment centers ID INCENTIVES; PREVALENCE; ADHERENCE; MONETARY; PROGRAM AB Street outreach in two New York City communities, Harlem and the South Bronx, between May 2001 and March 2003, provided tuberculin skin test (TST) screening to illicit drug users outside the traditional health care system. Persons who used heroin, cocaine, and/or crack were offered a TST, incentives to return for TST reading, and further evaluation if TST was positive. Of 809 participants, 530 (66%) accepted a TST and 81% (429/530) returned for TST reading. Of 429 participants, 40 (9%) were TST positive. Participants found TST positive did not differ from those found TST negative in previous drug user treatment or drug use practices including snorting heroin, sniffing cocaine, smoking crack, and injecting drugs of any kind. Of the 40 participants found TST positive, the 21 who tested TST positive for the first time were more likely to be male (p = .03) and noninjectors (p = .02), than the 19 who had tested TST positive in the past. Only two newly identified persons pursued follow-up care. Street recruitment expanded testing. Better follow-up strategies are needed. The study's limitations are noted. C1 [Factor, Stephanie H.; Wu, Yingfeng; Monserrate, Joan; Vlahov, David] New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. [Factor, Stephanie H.; Sackoff, Judy E.; Raj-Singh, Shavvy; Munsiff, Sonal] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Factor, Stephanie H.; Munsiff, Sonal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM stephanie.factor@mssm.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 2011 VL 46 IS 14 BP 1711 EP 1715 DI 10.3109/10826084.2011.615562 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 837WC UT WOS:000296237900001 PM 21943282 ER PT J AU Houck, JA Hojgaard, A Piesman, J Kuchta, RD AF Houck, Julie A. Hojgaard, Andrias Piesman, Joseph Kuchta, Robert D. TI Low-density microarrays for the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. (the Lyme disease spirochete) in nymphal Ixodes scapularis SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ticks; Lyme disease; Microarray; Diagnostics; Bacteria; Ixodes; Borrelia ID FLUCHIP DIAGNOSTIC MICROARRAY; REAL-TIME PCR; SENSU-LATO; NEW-YORK; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RICINUS TICKS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION AB Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and North America. In the hyperendemic Lyme disease regions of the eastern United States, nymphal Ixodes scapularis are the principal ticks transmitting the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). Approximately 25% of questing nymphs in endemic regions are infected with spirochetes. High throughput-sensitive and specific methods for testing nymphal I. scapularis for infection with B. burgdorferi are clearly needed. In the current study, we evaluated whether low-density microarrays could be adapted for the rapid and accurate detection and characterization of spirochetes in nymphal I. scapularis. Three different microarray platforms were developed and tested for the detection of spirochetes in ticks. They could both detect and differentiate different Borrelia genospecies. in one case detecting as few as a single copy of Borrelia DNA. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Houck, Julie A.; Kuchta, Robert D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hojgaard, Andrias; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kuchta, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Kuchta@colorado.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.002 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA 765JF UT WOS:000290700900005 PM 21771534 ER PT J AU June, KM Hammond, D Sjodin, A Li, Z Romanoff, L O'Connor, RJ AF June, Kristie M. Hammond, David Sjoedin, Andreas Li, Zheng Romanoff, Lovisa O'Connor, Richard J. TI Cigarette ignition propensity, smoking behavior, and toxicant exposure: A natural experiment in Canada SO TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Reduced Ignition Propensity (RIP) Cigarettes; Smoking Topography; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) AB Background: This study used a 'pre-post' research design to measure the impact of the Canadian reduced ignition propensity law on cigarette toxicity and smoking behavior among Canadian smokers. Method: The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada over a ten-month period in 2005-2006, consisting of 4 laboratory visits (baseline N = 61, final N = 42). At Visit 1, questionnaire data and biospecimens were collected. During the following 24 hours, participants smoked 5 cigarettes ad libitum through a topography recording device and collected their cigarette butts. Visit 2 consisted of a questionnaire and smoking one cigarette to measure laboratory topography values. After ten months, these procedures were repeated. Results: Generalized estimating equations, with law status (pre and post) as a fixed within-subject factor, were used to determine changes in behavior and biomarker exposure. Overall, there were no significant differences in smoking topography, breath carbon monoxide, and saliva cotinine pre-post law (p>0.1). However, analyses revealed a significant increase in the summed concentrations of hydroxyfluorene metabolites (N = 3),, and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine, with at notable increase in hydroxyphenanthrene metabolites (N = 3) (rho(Sigma hydroxyfluorene) = 0.013, 22% increase; rho(1-hydroxypyrene) = 0.018, 24% increase; rho(Sigma hydroxyphenanthrene) = 0.061, 17% increase). Conclusion: While the results suggest no change in topography variables, data showed increases in exposure to three PAH biomarkers following reduced ignition propensity implementation in Canada. These findings suggest that human studies should be considered to evaluate policy impacts. C1 [June, Kristie M.; O'Connor, Richard J.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Hammond, David] Univ Waterloo, Dept Hlth Studies & Gerontol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sjoedin, Andreas; Li, Zheng; Romanoff, Lovisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Connor, RJ (reprint author), Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Behav, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. EM richard.oconnor@roswellpark.org RI O'Connor, Richard/A-6961-2009 FU National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [R01CA117108]; Roswell Park Alliance Foundation FX Funding was provided by National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA117108 to RJO) and a grant from the Roswell Park Alliance Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1617-9625 J9 TOB INDUC DIS JI Tob. Induc. Dis. PY 2011 VL 9 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1617-9625-9-13 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V30II UT WOS:000208809300013 PM 22189009 ER PT J AU Patelarou, E Vardavas, CI Ntzilepi, P Warren, CW Barbouni, A Kremastinou, J Connolly, GN Behrakis, P AF Patelarou, Evridiki Vardavas, Constantine I. Ntzilepi, Penelope Warren, Charles W. Barbouni, Anastasia Kremastinou, Jenny Connolly, Gregory N. Behrakis, Panagiotis TI Nursing education and beliefs towards tobacco cessation and control: a cross- sectional national survey (GHPSS) among nursing students in Greece SO TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Within the healthcare system, nurses have the ability to influence their patients' smoking habits through counselling. Therefore, it is of great importance to appropriately train health professionals on smoking cessation strategies with the aim to help them provide advice to their patients. In light of the above, the objective of this study was to assess the association between Greek nursing students' beliefs towards tobacco control/smoking cessation and the professional training received. Methods: During February 2009, we conducted a cross sectional national survey among all 3rd year nursing students of the two university based nursing departments in Greece (University of Athens, University of the Peloponnese). The Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire was applied and following written informed consent 73% provided a completed questionnaire (n = 192/263 enrolled students). Results: Overall, 33% were current active smokers, while 74% reported ever to experiment smoking. In regards to their beliefs towards tobacco control policies, non smokers were more positive in regards to banning smoking in restaurants (94% vs. 61%, p < 0.001), in bars and cafes (82% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), and all public places (93% vs. 51%, p < 0.001) when compared to current smokers. In comparison with students who had not received training on the importance of asking patients about their smoking habits, those that did were more likely to believe that nurses should have a role in smoking cessation and should act as role models for their patients. Conclusions: Resources should be invested in improving the quality of undergraduate education in nursing departments in Greece with respect to tobacco control and smoking cessation. C1 [Patelarou, Evridiki; Ntzilepi, Penelope] Univ Hosp Heraklion, Iraklion, Greece. [Patelarou, Evridiki; Vardavas, Constantine I.] Univ Crete, Dept Social Med, Sch Med, Khania, Greece. [Vardavas, Constantine I.; Connolly, Gregory N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Ctr Global Tobacco Control, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Vardavas, Constantine I.] Hellen Anticanc Soc, Smoking & Lung Canc Res Ctr, Athens, Greece. [Warren, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Global Tobacco Control Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barbouni, Anastasia; Kremastinou, Jenny] Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Athens, Greece. [Behrakis, Panagiotis] Univ Athens, Sch Med, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. RP Patelarou, E (reprint author), Univ Hosp Heraklion, Iraklion, Greece. EM patelarou@edu.med.uoc.gr; vardavas@hsph.harvard.edu OI Patelarou, Evridiki/0000-0002-0892-3200 FU HEART project (Hellenic Action for Research against Tobacco); Behrakis Foundation FX This work was partially supported by the HEART project (Hellenic Action for Research against Tobacco), funded by the Behrakis Foundation through the "Behrakis Project for making smoking history in Greece". NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1617-9625 J9 TOB INDUC DIS JI Tob. Induc. Dis. PY 2011 VL 9 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1617-9625-9-4 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V30II UT WOS:000208809300004 PM 21548956 ER PT J AU Addiss, DG Michel, MC Michelus, A Radday, J Billhimer, W Louis-Charles, J Roberts, JM Kramp, K Dahl, BA Keswick, B AF Addiss, David G. Michel, Marie-Carmel Michelus, Antoine Radday, Jeanne Billhimer, Ward Louis-Charles, Jacky Roberts, Jacquelin M. Kramp, Kathy Dahl, Benjamin A. Keswick, Bruce TI Evaluation of antibacterial soap in the management of lymphoedema in Leogane, Haiti SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Lymphatic filariasis; soap; hygiene; lymphoedema; antibacterial; lymphangitis AB In areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis, progression of lymphoedema is associated with recurrent bacterial acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA). The role of antibacterial soap in preventing ADLA is unknown. In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial in Leogane, Haiti, lymphoedema patients washed affected legs with antibacterial (n = 97) or plain soap (n = 100). Reported ADLA incidence (by recall) before the study was 1.1 episodes per person-year, compared to 0.40 assessed during the 12-month study. ADLA incidence was significantly associated with age, illiteracy and lymphoedema stage, but not with soap type. Washing with soap, regardless of its antibacterial content, can help decrease ADLA incidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT00139100.) Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 [Addiss, David G.; Radday, Jeanne; Roberts, Jacquelin M.; Dahl, Benjamin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Michel, Marie-Carmel; Michelus, Antoine; Louis-Charles, Jacky] Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. [Billhimer, Ward; Kramp, Kathy; Keswick, Bruce] Procter & Gamble Co, Mason, OH 45040 USA. RP Addiss, DG (reprint author), Holos Associates, 1626 Grove St, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. EM dgaddiss@yahoo.com FU Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA FX Funding for this study was provided by the Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA through a Public Health Service Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 105 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.08.011 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 702PM UT WOS:000285906600009 PM 20850849 ER PT J AU Edelson, PJ Phypers, M AF Edelson, Paul J. Phypers, M. TI TB transmission on public transportation: A review of published studies and recommendations for contact tracing SO TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Review DE Tuberculosis; Disease transmission; Bus; Train; Contact tracing ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIGH-SCHOOL; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; TRAVEL AB Setting: The risk of transmission when persons with active tuberculosis travel on buses or trains is uncertain and no recommendations have been published for contact investigations on these conveyances. Design: We conducted a systematic review of the published studies of tuberculosis transmission among bus or train travelers. Results: Twelve published reports were identified, including one retrospective cohort study and eleven contact investigations. One contact investigation involved train travelers and one involved students on a 6 h bus excursion. The remaining nine involved exposures on school buses or in commuter vans. In eight reports, evidence of tuberculosis infection was found in 8.7%-55% of those tested; six of these studies reported identifying 1-24 cases of active tuberculosis. Conclusions: These reports support the need to be alert to the possibility of tuberculosis transmission on buses or trains. However, they do not offer the quantitative estimate of risk needed for defining policy regarding contact tracing for persons exposed on buses or trains. Decisions to carry out contact investigations should take into account the proximity to the index case, duration of exposure, and other risk factors that may affect the infectiousness of the case or the susceptibility of the contact. Additional reports taking these factors into consideration would help clarify the risk of tuberculosis transmission on public transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Edelson, Paul J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, JFK Int Airport Terminal, Jamaica, NY 11430 USA. [Phypers, M.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. RP Edelson, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, JFK Int Airport Terminal, 4 Room 219-016, Jamaica, NY 11430 USA. EM dou9@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-8939 J9 TRAVEL MED INFECT DI JI Travel Med. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.11.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 767XE UT WOS:000290891300003 PM 21167784 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Payne, K Rusinak, D Shi, P Uyeki, T Messonnier, M AF Prosser, Lisa A. Payne, Katherine Rusinak, Donna Shi, Ping Uyeki, Timothy Messonnier, Mark TI Valuing health across the lifespan: Health state preferences for seasonal influenza illnesses in patients of different ages SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Time trade-off; Willingness-to-pay; Health utility ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; COST-UTILITY; CHILDREN AB Objective: This study sought to measure whether public values for health states vary with the age of the affected individual. Methods: Health state preferences were measured via a 15-minute survey administered through the Internet in December 2007 using a probability sample of the adult population of the United States (N = 1012). Respondents were asked to value hypothetical descriptions of seasonal influenza illness (uncomplicated influenza illness, hospitalization) and possible vaccine-related adverse events (anaphylaxis, Guillain-Barre syndrome) using time trade-off or willingness-to-pay questions. Respondents were randomized to four different ages for an affected hypothetical individual: 1-year-old, 8-year-old, 35-year-old, 85-year-old. All other aspects of the health state description were held constant. Summary statistics for each health state and age were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to measure differences in responses across ages of affected individuals in the hypothetical scenarios. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of age on time trade-off or willingness-to-pay amounts controlling for respondent characteristics. Results: Median values for time trade-off and willingness-to-pay were highest for young children. This pattern was generally consistent across responses and type of valuation. Conclusions: Approaches that assume health state values do not differ with the age of a patient may bias economic analyses that use these values. If patient age is likely to affect health state valuations, then age should be included as an attribute in the valuation exercise. Copyright (C) 2011, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Prosser, Lisa A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Prosser, Lisa A.; Rusinak, Donna; Shi, Ping] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Populat Studies, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Payne, Katherine] Univ Manchester, Hlth Methodol Res Grp, Sch Community Based Med, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Uyeki, Timothy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Messonnier, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Prosser, LA (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, 300 N Ingalls St,Room 6E14,SPC 5456, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lisapros@med.umich.edu OI Payne, Katherine/0000-0002-3938-4350 FU Harvard-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding for this project was provided from the Harvard-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Initiative in Vaccine Economics. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jval.2010.10.026 PG 9 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 875OD UT WOS:000299039700016 PM 21211495 ER PT J AU Self-Brown, SR Massetti, GM Chen, JR Schulden, J AF Self-Brown, Shannon R. Massetti, Greta M. Chen, Jieru Schulden, Jeffrey TI Parents' Retrospective Reports of Youth Psychological Responses to the Sniper Attacks in the Washington, DC, Area SO VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS LA English DT Article DE sniper shootings; psychological distress; posttraumatic stress; Washington, DC, area; community traumatic events ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; HURRICANE KATRINA; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; NATURAL DISASTER; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; ADOLESCENTS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AB A random-digit-dial telephone survey was conducted in May 2003, with 355 parents of children ages 2-17 years old, living in Washington, DC, or in the two surrounding counties during the October 2002 sniper shootings, to examine parent retrospective reports of child event-related psychological distress. An estimated 32% of parents reported that children experienced at least one psychological distress symptom related to sniper shootings. Older children, females, children with a history of trauma exposure prior to sniper attacks, children whose parents reported routine disruption as the result of attacks, children whose parents perceived them as at great risk for harm from sniper attacks, and those children whose parents reported more traumatic stress symptoms in response to attacks were at greatest risk for reported psychological distress. C1 [Self-Brown, Shannon R.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Massetti, Greta M.; Chen, Jieru; Schulden, Jeffrey] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Self-Brown, SR (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, POB 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM sselfbrown@gsu.edu OI Massetti, Greta/0000-0002-3813-9839 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0886-6708 J9 VIOLENCE VICTIMS JI Violence Vict. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 116 EP 129 DI 10.1891/0886-6708.26.1.116 PG 14 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 793KH UT WOS:000292819900008 PM 21776833 ER PT J AU Ali, B Swahn, M Hamburger, M AF Ali, Bina Swahn, Monica Hamburger, Merle TI Attitudes Affecting Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization: Findings From Adolescents in a High-Risk Urban Community SO VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; perpetration; victimization; youth ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; LONGITUDINAL PREDICTORS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SUICIDAL-BEHAVIOR; PEER VIOLENCE; CONFLICT; ASSOCIATIONS; AGGRESSION; PREVALENCE AB This study examines the associations between attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys hitting girls and girls hitting boys and experiences with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among youth in a high-risk community. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses are based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to more than 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N = 4,131) in an urban school district. Findings show that attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys and girls are significantly associated with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prevention programs that seek to reduce physical dating violence among adolescents may benefit from including sex-specific attitude modification as part of a comprehensive violence prevention approach. C1 [Ali, Bina; Swahn, Monica] Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Hamburger, Merle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swahn, M (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, POB 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM MSwahn@gsu.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0886-6708 J9 VIOLENCE VICTIMS JI Violence Vict. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 669 EP 683 DI 10.1891/0886-6708.26.5.669 PG 15 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 829VQ UT WOS:000295613400008 PM 22145543 ER PT J AU Folster, JM Jensen, NJ Ruyechan, WT Inoue, N Schmid, DS AF Folster, Jennifer M. Jensen, Nancy J. Ruyechan, William T. Inoue, Naoki Schmid, D. Scott TI Regulation of the expression of the varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 66 gene SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Varicella-zoster virus; Serine/threonine protein kinase; ORF66; Promoter; Transcription ID PUTATIVE PROTEIN-KINASES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1; T-CELL TROPISM; IN-VIVO; SERINE KINASE; ORF66 PROTEIN; IE63 PROTEIN; FACTOR USF; SP-FAMILY; PROMOTER AB The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 66 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates the major viral transactivator protein, immediate-early (IE) 62, preventing its nuclear importation. Cytoplasmic sequestration of IE62 may alter viral gene transcription and could serve as a mechanism for maintaining VZV latency. We examined the regulation of expression of the ORF66 gene by mapping the promoter region, which was localized to within 150 bases of the start codon. The ORF66 promoter was activated by two viral regulatory proteins, IE62 and IE63. We evaluated the binding of viral regulatory proteins and cellular transcription factors based on recognized cellular transcription factor binding sites identified within the ORF66 promoter. These included Sp1 and TBP binding sites, several of which were essential for optimal promoter activity. Site-directed mutations in Sp1 and TBP binding sites led to varying degrees of impairment of ORF66 gene expression in the context of VZV infection. We also examined the effect of Sp1 and TBP mutations on IE62, Sp1 and TBP binding. These studies reveal that host cell-derived and viral factors contribute to and cooperate in the expression of this important viral kinase gene. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Folster, Jennifer M.; Jensen, Nancy J.; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis,Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ruyechan, William T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Witebsky Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Inoue, Naoki] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. RP Folster, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis,Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus, Mailstop G-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apz5@cdc.gov FU Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, and Sports, Japan; Japanese Human Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health [AI18449]; American Society for Microbiology (ASM)/National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) FX This work was supported by a Grant-on-Aid for Science from the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, and Sports, Japan (NI), by the Research on Health Sciences focusing on Drug Innovation program of the Japanese Human Science Foundation, and by grant number AI18449 from the National Institutes of Health (WTR). J.M.F. was originally supported by a two year post-doctoral fellowship through the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)/National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) Program in Infectious Disease and Public Health Microbiology. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 155 IS 1 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.11.001 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716YV UT WOS:000287010300044 PM 21074584 ER PT J AU Rinehold, A Corrales, L Medlin, E Gelting, RJ AF Rinehold, Angella Corrales, Lana Medlin, Elizabeth Gelting, Richard J. TI Water Safety Plan demonstration projects in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons from the field SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; drinking water; Latin America; lessons learned; water quality; Water Safety Plans AB A Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure drinking water safety. This emerging methodology is being increasingly applied in both industrialized and lower income countries worldwide. In 2006, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other local, national, and international partners in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) initiated a series of WSP demonstration projects. The objectives were to raise WSP awareness, build capacity, and promote adoption of the WSP approach while identifying those factors that aid or hinder water safety planning efforts in resource-challenged settings. This paper presents eleven lessons learned from these WSP demonstration projects, including the importance of assembling a well-supported interagency team, long-term commitment to WSP implementation, adherence to a water quality monitoring plan, and determining how WSP impacts will be evaluated prior to WSP initiation. To assist in supporting future WSP activity in the region, this paper shares experiences that led to these successes, challenges, and lessons learned. C1 [Rinehold, Angella; Corrales, Lana; Medlin, Elizabeth; Gelting, Richard J.] United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Water Sanitat & Hyg Team, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gelting, RJ (reprint author), United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Water Sanitat & Hyg Team, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgelting@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1606-9749 J9 WATER SCI TECH-W SUP JI Water Sci. Technol.-Water Supply PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.2166/ws.2011.050 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V33UG UT WOS:000209043100006 ER PT J AU Roess, AA Galan, A Kitces, E Li, Y Zhao, H Paddock, CD Adem, P Goldsmith, CS Miller, D Reynolds, MG Zaki, SR Damon, IK AF Roess, Amira A. Galan, Anjela Kitces, Edward Li, Yu Zhao, Hui Paddock, Christopher D. Adem, Patricia Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Miller, Debra Reynolds, Mary G. Zaki, Sherif R. Damon, Inger K. TI Brief Report: Novel Deer-Associated Parapoxvirus Infection in Deer Hunters. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ORF-VIRUS-INFECTION; PCR ASSAYS; RED DEER; IMIQUIMOD; POXVIRUS; SEA AB Parapoxviruses are a genus of the double-stranded DNA family of poxviruses that infect ruminants, and zoonotic transmission to humans often results from occupational exposures. Parapoxvirus infection in humans begins with an incubation period of 3 to 7 days, followed by the development of one or more erythematous maculopapular lesions that evolve over the course of several weeks into nodules. In 2009, parapoxvirus infection was diagnosed in two deer hunters in the eastern United States after the hunters had field-dressed white-tailed deer. We describe the clinical and pathological features of these infections and the phylogenetic relationship of a unique strain of parapoxvirus to other parapoxviruses. Deer populations continue to increase, leading to the possibility that there will be more deer-associated parapoxvirus infections. C1 [Roess, Amira A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roess, Amira A.; Li, Yu; Zhao, Hui; Paddock, Christopher D.; Adem, Patricia; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Reynolds, Mary G.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Galan, Anjela] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Galan, Anjela; Miller, Debra] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Kitces, Edward] Richmond Dermatol & Laser Specialists, Richmond, VA USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Mailstop G-06,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 27 BP 2621 EP 2627 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1007407 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 700SD UT WOS:000285763700007 PM 21190456 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Arvelo, W Gray, J Estevez, A Frenkel, G Reyes, L Moscoso, F Moir, JC Fry, AM Olsen, SJ AF Lindblade, Kim A. Arvelo, Wences Gray, Jennifer Estevez, Alejandra Frenkel, Gal Reyes, Lissette Moscoso, Fabiola Carlos Moir, Juan Fry, Alicia M. Olsen, Sonja J. TI A Comparison of the Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of Seasonal Influenza A and 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Guatemala SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; PROTECT PHASE; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: A new influenza A (H1N1) virus was first found in April 2009 and proceeded to cause a global pandemic. We compare the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seasonal influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) using a prospective surveillance system for acute respiratory disease in Guatemala. Methodology/Findings: Patients admitted to two public hospitals in Guatemala in 2008-2009 who met a pneumonia case definition, and ambulatory patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) at 10 ambulatory clinics were invited to participate. Data were collected through patient interview, chart abstraction and standardized physical and radiological exams. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all enrolled patients for laboratory diagnosis of influenza A virus infection with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified 1,744 eligible, hospitalized pneumonia patients, enrolled 1,666 (96%) and tested samples from 1,601 (96%); 138 (9%) had influenza A virus infection. Surveillance for ILI found 899 eligible patients, enrolled 801 (89%) and tested samples from 793 (99%); influenza A virus infection was identified in 246 (31%). The age distribution of hospitalized pneumonia patients was similar between seasonal H1N1 and pH1N1 (P = 0.21); the proportion of pneumonia patients < 1 year old with seasonal H1N1 (39%) and pH1N1 (37%) were similar (P = 0.42). The clinical presentation of pH1N1 and seasonal influenza A was similar for both hospitalized pneumonia and ILI patients. Although signs of severity (admission to an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and death) were higher among cases of pH1N1 than seasonal H1N1, none of the differences was statistically significant. Conclusions/Significance: Small sample sizes may limit the power of this study to find significant differences between seasonal influenza A and pH1N1. In Guatemala, influenza, whether seasonal or pH1N1, appears to cause severe disease mainly in infants; targeted vaccination of children should be considered. C1 [Lindblade, Kim A.; Arvelo, Wences] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Dis Detect & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lindblade, Kim A.; Arvelo, Wences] Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Gray, Jennifer; Estevez, Alejandra; Frenkel, Gal; Moscoso, Fabiola] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Reyes, Lissette] Minist Publ Hlth & Social Assistance, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Carlos Moir, Juan] Minist Publ Hlth & Social Assistance, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Fry, Alicia M.; Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Dis Detect & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kil2@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UO1 GH000028-02]; Universidad del Valle de Guatemala FX Funding for these activities was provided by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in part through a Cooperative Agreement (UO1 GH000028-02) with the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. The CDC participated in all aspects of study design, data collection, data analysis and manuscript preparation. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015826 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 701DD UT WOS:000285793600044 PM 21209850 ER PT J AU Fang, PK Raphael, BH Maslanka, SE Cai, SW Singh, BR AF Fang, Ping-Ke Raphael, Brian H. Maslanka, Susan E. Cai, Shuowei Singh, Bal Ram TI Analysis of genomic differences among Clostridium botulinum type A1 strains SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXIN COMPLEX; GENE-TRANSFER; HALL-A; SEQUENCE; BACTERIA; TRANSPOSITION AB Background: Type A1 Clostridium botulinum strains are a group of Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that produce a genetically, biochemically, and biophysically indistinguishable 150 kD protein that causes botulism. The genomes of three type A1 C. botulinum strains have been sequenced and show a high degree of synteny. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences among these genomes and compare these differentiating features with two additional unsequenced strains used in previous studies. Results: Several strategies were deployed in this report. First, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth laboratory Hall strain (UMASS strain) neurotoxin gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced; its sequence was aligned with the published ATCC 3502 Sanger Institute Hall strain and Allergan Hall strain neurotoxin gene regions. Sequence alignment showed that there was a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the region encoding the heavy chain between Allergan strain and ATCC 3502 and UMASS strains. Second, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) demonstrated that the UMASS strain and a strain expected to be derived from ATCC 3502 in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory (ATCC 3502*) differed in gene content compared to the ATCC 3502 genome sequence published by the Sanger Institute. Third, alignment of the three sequenced C. botulinum type A1 strain genomes revealed the presence of four comparable blocks. Strains ATCC 3502 and ATCC 19397 share the same genome organization, while the organization of the blocks in strain Hall were switched. Lastly, PCR was designed to identify UMASS and ATCC 3502* strain genome organizations. The PCR results indicated that UMASS strain belonged to Hall type and ATCC 3502* strain was identical to ATCC 3502 (Sanger Institute) type. Conclusions: Taken together, C. botulinum type A1 strains including Sanger Institute ATCC 3502, ATCC 3502*, ATCC 19397, Hall, Allergan, and UMASS strains demonstrate differences at the level of the neurotoxin gene sequence, in gene content, and in genome arrangement. C1 [Fang, Ping-Ke; Cai, Shuowei; Singh, Bal Ram] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Botulinum Res Ctr, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Fang, Ping-Ke; Cai, Shuowei; Singh, Bal Ram] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Chem & Biochem, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Raphael, Brian H.; Maslanka, Susan E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Singh, BR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Botulinum Res Ctr, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM bsingh@umassd.edu OI Raphael, Brian/0000-0003-2778-2623 FU NIH [5R21AI070787-02, 1U01A1078070-01] FX The authors want to express their thanks to Dr. Haihong Wang from UMASS for her expertise in gene cloning experiments and Lavin Joseph from CDC for his expertise in CGH experiments. This work is partially supported by NIH grant 5R21AI070787-02 and 1U01A1078070-01. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 725 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-725 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 720YE UT WOS:000287317800001 PM 21182778 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Hora, I Cho, P Gerzoff, RB Geiss, LS AF Burrows, N. R. Hora, I. Cho, P. Gerzoff, R. B. Geiss, L. S. TI Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease Attributed to Diabetes Among Persons With Diagnosed-Diabetes-United States and Puerto Rico, 1996-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1361-1366, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID US ADULTS; PREVENTION C1 [Burrows, N. R.; Hora, I.; Cho, P.; Gerzoff, R. B.; Geiss, L. S.] CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 24 BP 2688 EP 2690 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 697MP UT WOS:000285518000005 ER PT J AU Strebel, P Dabbagh, A Gacic-Dobo, M Reef, SE Cochi, S AF Strebel, P. Dabbagh, A. Gacic-Dobo, M. Reef, S. E. Cochi, S. TI Progress Toward Control of Rubella and Prevention of Congenital Rubella Syndrome-Worldwide, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1307-1310, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES C1 [Strebel, P.; Dabbagh, A.; Gacic-Dobo, M.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Reef, S. E.; Cochi, S.] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strebel, P (reprint author), WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 24 BP 2690 EP 2692 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 697MP UT WOS:000285518000006 ER PT J AU Glantz, SA Titus, K Mitchell, S Polansky, J Kaufmann, RB AF Glantz, S. A. Titus, K. Mitchell, S. Polansky, J. Kaufmann, R. B. TI Smoking in Top-Grossing Movies-United States, 1991-2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1014-1017, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Glantz, S. A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Polansky, J.] Onbeyond LLC, Fairfax, VA USA. [Kaufmann, R. B.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glantz, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 24 BP 2692 EP 2694 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 697MP UT WOS:000285518000007 ER PT J AU Lasswell, SM Barfield, WD Blackmon, LR AF Lasswell, Sarah M. Barfield, Wanda D. Blackmon, Lillian R. TI Regionalized Perinatal Care Systems and Very Low-Birth-Weight and Very Preterm Infants Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID G BORN; VICTORIA; CENTERS C1 [Lasswell, Sarah M.; Barfield, Wanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blackmon, Lillian R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lasswell, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wbarfield@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 24 BP 2697 EP 2697 DI 10.1001/jama.2010.1857 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 697MP UT WOS:000285518000011 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Zhu, SL Yan, DM Liu, GY Bai, RY Wang, DY Chen, L Zhu, H An, HQ Kew, O Xu, WB AF Zhang, Yong Zhu, Shuangli Yan, Dongmei Liu, Guiyan Bai, Ruyin Wang, Dongyan Chen, Li Zhu, Hui An, Hongqiu Kew, Olen Xu, Wenbo TI Natural Type 3/Type 2 Intertypic Vaccine-Related Poliovirus Recombinants with the First Crossover Sites within the VP1 Capsid Coding Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; POLIOMYELITIS; GENOMES; STRAIN; VIRUS; CHILD; ERADICATION; CIRCULATION; SEROTYPE-2; SEQUENCES AB Background: Ten uncommon natural type 3/type 2 intertypic poliovirus recombinants were isolated from stool specimens from nine acute flaccid paralysis case patients and one healthy vaccinee in China from 2001 to 2008. Principal Findings: Complete genomic sequences revealed their vaccine-related genomic features and showed that their first crossover sites were randomly distributed in the 39 end of the VP1 coding region. The length of donor Sabin 2 sequences ranged from 55 to 136 nucleotides, which is the longest donor sequence reported in the literature for this type of poliovirus recombination. The recombination resulted in the introduction of Sabin 2 neutralizing antigenic site 3a (NAg3a) into a Sabin 3 genomic background in the VP1 coding region, which may have been altered by some of the type 3-specific antigenic properties, but had not acquired any type 2-specific characterizations. NAg3a of the Sabin 3 strain seems atypical; other wild-type poliovirus isolates that have circulated in recent years have sequences of NAg3a more like the Sabin 2 strain. Conclusions: 10 natural type 3/type 2 intertypic VP1 capsid-recombinant polioviruses, in which the first crossover sites were found to be in the VP1 coding region, were isolated and characterized. In spite of the complete replacement of NAg3a by type 2-specific amino acids, the serotypes of the recombinants were not altered, and they were totally neutralized by polyclonal type 3 antisera but not at all by type 2 antisera. It is possible that recent type 3 wild poliovirus isolates may be a recombinant having NAg3a sequences derived from another strain during between 1967 and 1980, and the type 3/type 2 recombination events in the 39 end of the VP1 coding region may result in a higher fitness. C1 [Zhang, Yong; Zhu, Shuangli; Yan, Dongmei; Liu, Guiyan; Bai, Ruyin; Wang, Dongyan; Chen, Li; Zhu, Hui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Polio Reference Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong; Zhu, Shuangli; Yan, Dongmei; Liu, Guiyan; Bai, Ruyin; Wang, Dongyan; Chen, Li; Zhu, Hui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bai, Ruyin] Taishan Med Univ, Taishan City, Peoples R China. [Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Polio Reference Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wenbo_xu1@yahoo.com.cn FU National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2008BAI56B00]; National Key Science and Technology Projects of China [2008ZX10004-008]; World Health Organization [I8/181/978] FX This study was supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Project No. 2008BAI56B00), National Key Science and Technology Projects of China (Project No. 2008ZX10004-008), and a grant I8/181/978 from the World Health Organization. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15300 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015300 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698EY UT WOS:000285576900026 PM 21203565 ER PT J AU Purdy, MA Khudyakov, YE AF Purdy, Michael A. Khudyakov, Yury E. TI Evolutionary History and Population Dynamics of Hepatitis E Virus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; PIG LIVERS; INFECTION; HEV; PREVALENCE; JAPAN; TIME AB Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. It segregates as four genotypes. All genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. It has been suggested that hepatitis E is zoonotic, but no study has analyzed the evolutionary history of HEV. We present here an analysis of the evolutionary history of HEV. Methods and Findings: The times to the most recent common ancestors for all four genotypes of HEV were calculated using BEAST to conduct a Bayesian analysis of HEV. The population dynamics for genotypes 1, 3 and 4 were analyzed using skyline plots. Bayesian analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor for modern HEV existed between 536 and 1344 years ago. The progenitor of HEV appears to have given rise to anthropotropic and enzootic forms of HEV, which evolved into genotypes 1 and 2 and genotypes 3 and 4, respectively. Population dynamics suggest that genotypes 1, 3 and 4 experienced a population expansion during the 20(th) century. Genotype 1 has increased in infected population size,3035 years ago. Genotype 3 and 4 have experienced an increase in population size starting late in the 19(th) century until ca. 1940-45, with genotype 3 having undergone additional rapid expansion until ca. 1960. The effective population size for both genotype 3 and 4 rapidly declined to pre-expansion levels starting in ca. 1990. Genotype 4 was further examined as Chinese and Japanese sequences, which exhibited different population dynamics, suggesting that this genotype experienced different evolutionary history in these two countries. Conclusions: HEV appears to have evolved through a series of steps, in which the ancestors of HEV may have adapted to a succession of animal hosts leading to humans. Analysis of the population dynamics of HEV suggests a substantial temporal variation in the rate of transmission among HEV genotypes in different geographic regions late in the 20(th) Century. C1 [Purdy, Michael A.; Khudyakov, Yury E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Purdy, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mup3@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14376 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014376 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698DS UT WOS:000285572900009 PM 21203540 ER PT J AU Wu, JA Xu, FJ Lu, L Lu, M Miao, LA Gao, T Ji, WY Suo, LD Liu, DL Ma, R Yu, R Zhangzhu, JZ Liu, WX Zeng, Y Li, XM Zhang, XC Pang, XH Deng, Y AF Wu, Jiang Xu, Fujie Lu, Li Lu, Min Miao, Liang Gao, Ting Ji, Wenyan Suo, Luodan Liu, Donglei Ma, Rui Yu, Rui Zhangzhu, Jiazi Liu, Weixiang Zeng, Yang Li, Xiaomei Zhang, Xuechun Pang, Xinghuo Deng, Ying TI Safety and Effectiveness of a 2009 H1N1 Vaccine in Beijing. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; INFLUENZA; VIRUS; CHINA AB Background: After the first monovalent 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine became available in September 2009, Chinese officials conducted a mass vaccination program in Beijing. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. Methods: During a 5-day period in September 2009, a total of 95,244 children and adults received the PANFLU.1 vaccine (Sinovac Biotech), a monovalent split-virion vaccine of 15 microg of hemagglutinin antigen without adjuvant. We assessed adverse events after immunization through an enhanced passive-surveillance system and through active surveillance, using diary cards and telephone interviews. Active surveillance for neurologic diseases was implemented in hospitals citywide. To assess vaccine effectiveness, we compared the rates of reported laboratory-confirmed cases of 2009 H1N1 virus infection in students who received the vaccine with the rates in those who did not receive the vaccine, starting 2 weeks after the mass vaccination. Results: As of December 31, 2009, adverse events were reported by 193 vaccine recipients. Through hospital-based active surveillance, 362 cases of incident neurologic diseases were identified within 10 weeks after the mass vaccination, including 27 cases of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. None of the neurologic conditions occurred among vaccine recipients. From 245 schools, 25,037 students participated in the mass vaccination and 244,091 did not. During the period from October 9 through November 15, 2009, the incidence of confirmed cases of 2009 H1N1 virus infection per 100,000 students was 35.9 (9 of 25,037) among vaccinated students and 281.4 (687 of 244,091) among unvaccinated students. Thus, the estimated vaccine effectiveness was 87.3% (95% confidence interval, 75.4 to 93.4). Conclusions: Among 95,244 children and adults in Beijing, the PANFLU.1 vaccine had a safety profile similar to those of seasonal influenza vaccines and appeared to be effective against confirmed H1N1 virus infection in school-age children. (Funded by the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau.) N Engl J Med 2010;363:2416-23. C1 [Xu, Fujie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wu, Jiang; Lu, Li; Lu, Min; Miao, Liang; Gao, Ting; Ji, Wenyan; Suo, Luodan; Liu, Donglei; Ma, Rui; Yu, Rui; Zhangzhu, Jiazi; Liu, Weixiang; Zeng, Yang; Li, Xiaomei; Zhang, Xuechun; Pang, Xinghuo; Deng, Ying] Beijing Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fax1@cdc.gov FU Beijing Municipal Health Bureau FX Supported by the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau. NR 14 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 16 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 25 BP 2416 EP 2423 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1006736 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 694ZK UT WOS:000285340200007 PM 21158658 ER PT J AU Hessol, NA Napolitano, LA Smith, D Lie, Y Levine, A Young, M Cohen, M Minkoff, H Anastos, K D'Souza, G Greenblatt, RM Goedert, JJ AF Hessol, Nancy A. Napolitano, Laura A. Smith, Dawn Lie, Yolanda Levine, Alexandra Young, Mary Cohen, Mardge Minkoff, Howard Anastos, Kathryn D'Souza, Gypsyamber Greenblatt, Ruth M. Goedert, James J. TI HIV Tropism and Decreased Risk of Breast Cancer SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WOMENS INTERAGENCY HIV; IN-VITRO; CXCR4; CHEMOKINE; RECEPTOR; CELLS; INFECTION; AIDS; INHIBITION; PATHWAY AB Background: During the first two decades of the U. S. AIDS epidemic, and unlike some malignancies, breast cancer risk was significantly lower for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. This deficit in HIV-associated breast cancer could not be attributed to differences in survival, immune deficiency, childbearing or other breast cancer risk factors. HIV infects mononuclear immune cells by binding to the CD4 molecule and to CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine coreceptors. Neoplastic breast cells commonly express CXCR4 but not CCR5. In vitro, binding HIV envelope protein to CXCR4 has been shown to induce apoptosis of neoplastic breast cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that breast cancer risk would be lower among women with CXCR4-tropic HIV infection. Methods and Findings: We conducted a breast cancer nested case-control study among women who participated in the WIHS and HERS HIV cohort studies with longitudinally collected risk factor data and plasma. Cases were HIV-infected women (mean age 46 years) who had stored plasma collected within 24 months of breast cancer diagnosis and an HIV viral load >= 500 copies/mL. Three HIV-infected control women, without breast cancer, were matched to each case based on age and plasma collection date. CXCR4-tropism was determined by a phenotypic tropism assay. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer were estimated by exact conditional logistic regression. Two (9%) of 23 breast cancer cases had CXCR4-tropic HIV, compared to 19 (28%) of 69 matched controls. Breast cancer risk was significantly and independently reduced with CXCR4 tropism (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10, 95% CI 0.002-0.84) and with menopause (adjusted odds ratio, 0.08, 95% CI 0.001-0.83). Adjustment for CD4(+) cell count, HIV viral load, and use of antiretroviral therapy did not attenuate the association between infection with CXCR4-tropic HIV and breast cancer. Conclusions: Low breast cancer risk with HIV is specifically linked to CXCR4-using variants of HIV. These variants are thought to exclusively bind to and signal through a receptor that is commonly expressed on hyperplastic and neoplastic breast duct cells. Additional studies are needed to confirm these observations and to understand how CXCR4 might reduce breast cancer risk. C1 [Hessol, Nancy A.; Greenblatt, Ruth M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Clin Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Napolitano, Laura A.; Lie, Yolanda] Monogram Biosci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Napolitano, Laura A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Smith, Dawn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Levine, Alexandra] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Young, Mary] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. [Cohen, Mardge] Rush Univ, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Cohen, Mardge] Rush Univ, Stroger Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Minkoff, Howard] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Minkoff, Howard] Maimonides Hosp, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. [Anastos, Kathryn] Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [D'Souza, Gypsyamber] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Goedert, James J.] NCI, Infect & Immunoepidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Levine, Alexandra] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Hessol, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Clin Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM goedertj@mail.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [UO1-AI-35004, UO1-AI-31834, UO1-AI-34994, UO1-AI-34989, UO1-AI-34993, UO1-AI-42590]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [UO1-HD-32632]; National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Center for Research Resources (UCSF-CTSI) [UL1 RR024131]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] FX Funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute (JJG), by other components of the National Institutes of Health, and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The WIHS is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UO1-AI-35004, UO1-AI-31834, UO1-AI-34994, UO1-AI-34989, UO1-AI-34993, and UO1-AI-42590) and by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (UO1-HD-32632). The WIHS is co-funded by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Funding is also provided by the National Center for Research Resources (UCSF-CTSI Grant Number UL1 RR024131). The HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) was funded through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperative agreements U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, and U64/CCU506831. Monogram Biosciences supported tropism testing and all assays were performed by the Monogram Clinical Reference Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14349 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014349 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695OI UT WOS:000285381200006 PM 21179547 ER PT J AU Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Cochi, SL Wassilak, SGF Linkins, J Sutter, RW Aylward, RB Thompson, KM AF Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. Cochi, Stephen L. Wassilak, Steven G. F. Linkins, Jennifer Sutter, Roland W. Aylward, R. Bruce Thompson, Kimberly M. TI Economic analysis of the global polio eradication initiative SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Polio eradication; Vaccination; Cost-benefit analysis; Cost-effectiveness analysis ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK-MANAGEMENT; ETHICAL DILEMMAS; FREE WORLD; POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE; DISEASE; POLICIES; FUTURE; PROGRAMS AB The global polio eradication initiative (GPEI), which started in 1988, represents the single largest, internationally coordinated public health project to date. Completion remains within reach, with type 2 wild polioviruses apparently eradicated since 1999 and fewer than 2000 annual paralytic poliomyelitis cases of wild types 1 and 3 reported since then. This economic analysis of the GPEI reflects the status of the program as of February 2010, including full consideration of post-eradication policies. For the GPEI intervention, we consider the actual pre-eradication experience to date followed by two distinct potential future post-eradication vaccination policies. We estimate GPEI costs based on actual and projected expenditures and poliomyelitis incidence using reported numbers corrected for underreporting and model projections. For the comparator, which assumes only routine vaccination for polio historically and into the future (i.e., no GPEI), we estimate poliomyelitis incidence using a dynamic infection transmission model and costs based on numbers of vaccinated children. Cost-effectiveness ratios for the GPEI vs. only routine vaccination qualify as highly cost-effective based on standard criteria. We estimate incremental net benefits of the GPEI between 1988 and 2035 of approximately 40-50 billion dollars (2008 US dollars; 1988 net present values). Despite the high costs of achieving eradication in low-income countries, low-income countries account for approximately 85% of the total net benefits generated by the GPEI in the base case analysis. The total economic costs saved per prevented paralytic poliomyelitis case drive the incremental net benefits, which become positive even if we estimate the loss in productivity as a result of disability as below the recommended value of one year in average per-capita gross national income per disability-adjusted life year saved. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the finding of positive net benefits of the GPEI remains robust over a wide range of assumptions, and that consideration of the additional net benefits of externalities that occurred during polio campaigns to date, such as the mortality reduction associated with delivery of Vitamin A supplements, significantly increases the net benefits. This study finds a strong economic justification for the GPEI despite the rising costs of the initiative. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer; Thompson, Kimberly M.] Kid Risk Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. [Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer] Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Appl Math, NL-2628 GG Delft, Netherlands. [Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cochi, Stephen L.; Wassilak, Steven G. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Linkins, Jennifer; Sutter, Roland W.; Aylward, R. Bruce] WHO, Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Tebbens, RJD (reprint author), Kid Risk Inc, POB 590129, Newton, MA 02459 USA. EM rdt@kidrisk.org FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U66 IP000169] FX Drs. Duintjer Tebbens and Thompson acknowledge support for their work from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under contract number U66 IP000169. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC or the World Health Organization. We thank Marta Gacic-Dobo and Tracey Goodman for providing information, and James Alexander, Michael Galway, Howard Gary, Linda Muller, Walter Orenstein, Linda Venczel, and two anonymous peer reviewers for providing helpful comments. NR 70 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 717OM UT WOS:000287057300023 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Thompson, T Richardson, LC Miller, J AF Sabatino, S. A. Thompson, T. Richardson, L. C. Miller, J. TI The Association of Health Insurance and Other Factors with Mammography Surveillance among Breast Cancer Survivors SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sabatino, S. A.; Thompson, T.; Richardson, L. C.; Miller, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 70 SU 24 MA PD08-01 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.SABCS10-PD08-01 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43QL UT WOS:000209695801439 ER PT J AU Guh, A Phan, Q Nelson, R Purviance, K Milardo, E Kinney, S Mshar, P Kasacek, W Cartter, M AF Guh, Alice Phan, Quyen Nelson, Randall Purviance, Katherine Milardo, Elaine Kinney, Stacey Mshar, Patricia Kasacek, Wayne Cartter, Matthew TI Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 Associated with Raw Milk, Connecticut, 2008 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; PULSENET; EXPOSURE; PROTOCOL; HUMANS; RISK AB Background. In Connecticut, despite hazards of raw milk consumption, attempts to ban raw milk sales have been unsuccessful. In July 2008, 2 children experienced Escherichia coli O157-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after consuming raw milk purchased at a retail market and a farm (farm X). We investigated to determine the outbreak source and control measures. Methods. Confirmed cases were HUS diagnosis or E. coli O157:NM infections with isolates matching outbreak strains among patients during June to July 2008. Probable cases were diarrheal illness among farm X customers during the same period. We conducted case-control studies to determine the source of E. coli O157 exposure and assess for dose-response relation between illness and frequency of raw milk consumption. Farm X dairy practices were evaluated; stool specimens of humans and animals were cultured for E. coli O157. Staff time and laboratory and medical costs were calculated. Results. We identified 14 cases (7 confirmed). Five (36%) case patients required hospitalization; 3 (21%) experienced HUS. No deaths were reported. Raw milk consumption was associated with illness (P = .008); a dose-response relation was demonstrated (P = .01). Dairy practices reflected industry standards. E. coli O157: NM outbreak strains were isolated from stool specimens of 6 case patients and 1 milking cow. The total estimated outbreak cost was $413,402. Conclusions. Farm X's raw milk was the outbreak source despite no violations of current raw milk regulatory standards. This outbreak resulted in substantial costs and proposed legislation to prohibit nonfarm retail sale, strengthen advisory labels, and increase raw milk testing for pathogens. C1 [Guh, Alice] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Guh, Alice; Phan, Quyen; Nelson, Randall; Purviance, Katherine; Kinney, Stacey; Mshar, Patricia; Cartter, Matthew] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Kasacek, Wayne] Connecticut Dept Agr, Hartford, CT USA. [Milardo, Elaine] Farmington Valley Hlth Dist, Avon, CT USA. RP Guh, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ggt4@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1411 EP 1417 DI 10.1086/657304 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 681WD UT WOS:000284353100011 PM 21058911 ER PT J AU Uhde, KB Pathak, S McCullum, I Jannat-Khah, DP Shadomy, SV Dykewicz, CA Clark, TA Smith, TL Brown, JM AF Uhde, Kristin Broome Pathak, Sonal McCullum, Isaac, Jr. Jannat-Khah, Deanna P. Shadomy, Sean V. Dykewicz, Clare A. Clark, Thomas A. Smith, Theresa L. Brown, June M. TI Antimicrobial-Resistant Nocardia Isolates, United States, 1995-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS; INFECTIONS; ASTEROIDES; COMPLEX; SYSTEM; SPP. AB We conducted a 10-year retrospective evaluation of the epidemiology and identification of Nocardia isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The species most commonly identified were N. nova (28%), N. brasiliensis (14%), and N. farcinica (14%). Of 765 isolates submitted, 61% were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and 42% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. C1 [Uhde, Kristin Broome; Jannat-Khah, Deanna P.; Shadomy, Sean V.; Smith, Theresa L.; Brown, June M.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dykewicz, Clare A.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Clark, Thomas A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pathak, Sonal; McCullum, Isaac, Jr.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Uhde, KB (reprint author), Sanofi Pasteur, Pharmacovigilance & Global Pharmacoepidemiol Dept, Global Epidemiol, Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. EM Kristin.uhde@sanofipasteur.com NR 26 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1445 EP 1448 DI 10.1086/657399 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 681WD UT WOS:000284353100017 PM 21058914 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Alwis, KU Jain, RB Solomon, BL Morrow, JC Jackson, WA AF Blount, Benjamin C. Alwis, K. Udeni Jain, Ram B. Solomon, Benjamin L. Morrow, John C. Jackson, W. Andrew TI Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Iodide Intake through Tap Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; DRINKING-WATER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIETARY-INTAKE; US POPULATION; HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; FOOD; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; QUANTIFICATION AB Perchlorate is ubiquitous in the environment, leading to human exposure and potential impact on thyroid function. Nitrate can also competitively inhibit iodide uptake at the sodium-iodide symporter and thus reduce thyroid hormone production. This study investigates the intake of perchlorate, nitrate, and iodide attributable to direct and indirect tap water consumption. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected tap water samples and consumption data from 3262 U.S. residents during the years 2005-2006. The median perchlorate, nitrate, and iodide levels measured in tap water were 1.16, 758, and 4.55 mu g/L, respectively. Measured perchlorate levels were below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) drinking water equivalent level for perchlorate (24.5 mu g/L). Significant correlations were found between iodide and nitrate levels (r = 0.17, p < 0.0001) and perchlorate and nitrate levels (r = 0.25, p < 0.0001). On the basis of 24 h recall, 47% of the study participants reported drinking tap water; 89% reported either direct or indirect consumption of tap water. For the adult population (age >= 20 yrs) the median tap water consumption rate was 11.6 mL/kg-day. Using individual tap water consumption data and body weight, we estimated the median perchlorate, nitrate, and iodide dose attributable to tap water as 9.11, 11300, and 43.3 ng/kg-day, respectively, for U.S. adults. This perchlorate exposure dose from tap water is relatively small compared to the total perchlorate exposure dose previously characterized for the U.S. adults (median 64 ng/kg-day) and the U.S. EPA reference dose (700 ng/kg-day). C1 [Blount, Benjamin C.; Alwis, K. Udeni; Jain, Ram B.; Solomon, Benjamin L.; Morrow, John C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BBlount@cdc.gov RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9564 EP 9570 DI 10.1021/es1025195 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900051 PM 21090606 ER PT J AU Rose, CD Courtenay-Quirk, C Knight, K Shade, SB Vittinghoff, E Gomez, C Lum, PJ Bacon, O Colfax, G AF Rose, Carol Dawson Courtenay-Quirk, Cari Knight, Kelly Shade, Starley B. Vittinghoff, Eric Gomez, Cynthia Lum, Paula J. Bacon, Oliver Colfax, Grant TI HIV Intervention for Providers Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Clinician-Delivered HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention for HIV-Positive People SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE behavioral interventions; clinician provider training; harm reduction; HIV positive prevention; HIV prevention ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; INFECTED PATIENTS; TRANSMISSION RISK; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; CARE SETTINGS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; MEN; PREVALENCE AB Clinician-delivered prevention interventions offer an opportunity to integrate risk-reduction counseling as a routine part of medical care. The HIV Intervention for Providers study, a randomized controlled trial, developed and tested a medical provider HIV prevention training intervention in 4 northern California HIV care clinics. Providers were assigned to either the intervention or control condition (usual care). The intervention arm received a 4-hour training on assessing sexual risk behavior with HIV-positive patients and delivering risk-reduction-oriented prevention messages to patients who reported risk behaviors with HIV-uninfected or unknown-status partners. To compare the efficacy of the intervention versus control on transmission risk behavior, 386 patients of the randomized providers were enrolled. Over six-months of follow-up, patients whose providers were assigned the intervention reported a relative increase in provider-patient discussions of safer sex (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.09), assessment of sexual activity (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.45), and a significant decrease in the number of sexual partners (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.92). These findings show that a brief intervention to train HIV providers to identify risk and provide a prevention message results in increased prevention conversations and significantly reduced the mean number of sexual partners reported by HIV-positive patients. C1 [Rose, Carol Dawson; Gomez, Cynthia] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Courtenay-Quirk, Cari] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lum, Paula J.; Bacon, Oliver] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, HIV AIDS Div, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Colfax, Grant] San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rose, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 50 Beale St,Ste 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM Carol.Dawson-Rose@ucsf.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [PA 01190, R18/CCR920974] FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), PA 01190, cooperative agreement (CDC Grant # R18/CCR920974). NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 572 EP 581 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ee4c62 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 679FR UT WOS:000284147500008 PM 20827218 ER PT J AU Branson, BM AF Branson, Bernard M. TI The Future of HIV Testing SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV antibody tests; acute HIV Infection; HIV diagnosis; HIV confirmatory tests ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; SEROCONVERSION; DIAGNOSIS; PLASMA; DONORS AB HIV testing is the essential entry point for both treatment and prevention. The need to identify acute HIV infection (the period immediately after HIV acquisition, when persons are most infectious) and HIV-2 infection, which does not respond to many first-line antiretroviral agents, poses challenges for the traditional algorithm of Western blot. confirmation after a repeatedly reactive antibody screening test. Immunoassays that detect antibodies earlier, tests for HIV RNA, and combination assays that screen simultaneously for both p24 antigen and HIV antibody are now approved for HIV diagnosis by the Food and Drug Administration. A revised testing algorithm can address the challenges posed by acute infection, HIV-2 infection, and the shortcomings of the Western blot. These new diagnostic strategies will allow earlier more accurate identification of infected persons so that they can benefit from effective treatment and also enhance abilities to focus prevention efforts where HIV transmission is most active. C1 [Branson, Bernard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Branson, BM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-21, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bbranson@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 SU 2 BP S102 EP S105 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbca44 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 689YD UT WOS:000284966100011 PM 21406978 ER PT J AU Hodder, SL Justman, J Haley, DE Adimora, AA Fogel, CI Golin, CE O'Leary, A Soto-Torres, L Wingood, G El-Sadr, WM AF Hodder, Sally L. Justman, Jessica Haley, Danielle E. Adimora, Adaora A. Fogel, Catherine I. Golin, Carol E. O'Leary, Ann Soto-Torres, Lydia Wingood, Gina El-Sadr, Wafaa M. CA Hiv Prevention Trials Network Dome TI Challenges of a Hidden Epidemic: HIV Prevention Among Women in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV in women; HIV prevention science; racial disparity ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; RISK BEHAVIOR; DOUBLE-BLIND AB HIV/AIDS trends in the United States depict a concentrated epidemic with hot spots that vary by location, poverty, race/ethnicity, and transmission mode. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death among US women of color; two-thirds of new infections among women occur in black women, despite the fact that black women account for just 14% of the US female population. The gravity of the HIV epidemic among US women is often not appreciated by those at risk and by the broader scientific community. We summarize the current epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among US women and discuss clinical, research, and public health intervention components that must be brought together in a cohesive plan to reduce new HIV infections in US women. Only by accelerating research and programmatic efforts will the hidden epidemic of HIV among US women emerge into the light and come under control. C1 [Hodder, Sally L.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Justman, Jessica; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Columbia Univ, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Justman, Jessica; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. [Haley, Danielle E.] FHI, Durham, NC USA. [Adimora, Adaora A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fogel, Catherine I.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Golin, Carol E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soto-Torres, Lydia] NIH, Div Aids, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wingood, Gina] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Hodder, SL (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, 185 S Orange Ave,MSB I-510, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM hoddersa@umdnj.edu FU HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Mental Health, both in Bethesda, MD [U01 AIO68619, U01 AI068619]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Mental Health [U01 AIO68619, U01 AI068619, U01 AI069466-0351, U01 AI069466, AI06819, U01 AIO69423, U01 AI069423]; Emory Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, GA [P30 AI050409] FX This project was supported by the HIV Prevention Trials Network and sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Mental Health, both in Bethesda, MD, under award number U01 AIO68619. The authors' work on this article was supported in part by grants from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Mental Health, under award numbers U01 AI069466-0351 (Dr S.L.H.), U01 AI069466 (Dr W.M.E. and Dr J.J.), AI06819 (Dr J.J.), U01 AIO68619 (Ms D.F.H.), and U01 AIO69423 (Dr A.A.A., Dr C.I.F., and Dr C.E.G.); and the Emory Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, GA, under award number P30 AI050409 (Dr G.W.).; The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Drs. Sten Vermund, Quarraisha Abdool-Karim, David Metzger; Nirupama Sista and Ms. Harmony Waller This project was supported by the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) and sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (MAID) in Bethesda, MD, under award number U01 AI068619. The authors' work on this manuscript was supported in part by grants from NIAID and NIMH, under award numbers U01 AI069466 (Dr Hodder), U01 AI069466 (Dr El-Sadr and Dr Justman), AI06819 (Dr Justman), U01 AI068619 (Ms Haley), and U01 AI069423 (Dr Adimora, Dr Fogel, and Dr Golin); and the Emory Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, GA, under award number P30 AI050409 (Dr Wingood). The views expressed herein are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIAID, NIH, the HPTN, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or its funders. NR 66 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 SU 2 BP S69 EP S73 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbbdf9 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 689YD UT WOS:000284966100003 PM 21406990 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Brooks, JT DiNenno, E Heffelfinger, J Hall, HI Mermin, J AF Lansky, Amy Brooks, John T. DiNenno, Elizabeth Heffelfinger, James Hall, H. Irene Mermin, Jonathan TI Epidemiology of HIV in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; behavior; epidemiology; HIV; sexual transmission; surveillance ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CD4 CELL COUNTS; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CANCER INCIDENCE; FOLLOW-UP; RISK; INFECTION; AIDS AB Background: The United States has a comprehensive system of HIV surveillance, including case reporting and disease staging, estimates of incidence, behavioral, and clinical indicators and monitoring of HIV-related mortality. These data are used to monitor the epidemic and to better design, implement, and evaluate public health. programs. Methods: We describe HIV-related surveillance systems and review recent data. Results: There are more than 1.1 million people living with HIV in the United States, and approximately 56,000 new HIV infections annually. Risk behavior data show that 47% of men who have sex with men engaged in unprotected anal intercourse in the past year, and 33% of injection drug users had shared syringes. One third (32%) of people diagnosed with HIV in 2008 were diagnosed with AIDS within 12 months, indicating missed opportunities for care and prevention. An estimated 72% of HIV-diagnosed persons received HIV medical care within 4 months of initial diagnosis. Conclusions: Conducting accurate and comprehensive HIV surveillance is critical for measuring progress toward the goals of the 2010 National HIV/AIDS Strategy: reduced HIV incidence, increased access to care, and improvements in health equity. C1 [Lansky, Amy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, NCHHSTP, Mailstop D-21,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 SU 2 BP S64 EP S68 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbbe15 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 689YD UT WOS:000284966100002 PM 21406989 ER PT J AU Millett, GA Crowley, JS Koh, H Valdiserri, RO Frieden, T Dieffenbach, CW Fenton, KA Benjamin, R Whitescarver, J Mermin, J Parham-Hopson, D Fauci, AS AF Millett, Gregorio A. Crowley, Jeffrey S. Koh, Howard Valdiserri, Ronald O. Frieden, Thomas Dieffenbach, Carl W. Fenton, Kevin A. Benjamin, Regina Whitescarver, Jack Mermin, Jonathan Parham-Hopson, Deborah Fauci, Anthony S. TI A Way Forward: The National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Reducing HIV Incidence in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; National; Obama; President; strategy ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; DISPARITIES; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; CARE AB In July 2010, the Obama Administration released a National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States to refocus national attention on responding to the domestic HIV epidemic. The goals of the strategy are to reduce HIV incidence; to increase access to care and optimize health outcomes among people living with HIV; and to reduce HIV-related disparities. The strategy identifies a small number of action steps that will align efforts across federal, state, local, and tribal levels of government, and maximally impact the domestic HIV epidemic. In this article, we outline key programmatic and research issues that must be addressed to accomplish the prevention goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. C1 [Millett, Gregorio A.; Crowley, Jeffrey S.] White House, Off Natl AIDS Policy, Washington, DC 20502 USA. [Frieden, Thomas] Off Director, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Koh, Howard; Valdiserri, Ronald O.] Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Dieffenbach, Carl W.] NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fenton, Kevin A.; Mermin, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Benjamin, Regina] Off Surg Gen, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Whitescarver, Jack] Off AIDS Res, Off Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Parham-Hopson, Deborah] NIAID, HIV AIDS Bur, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fauci, Anthony S.] NIAID, Off Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Millett, GA (reprint author), White House, Off Natl AIDS Policy, Washington, DC 20502 USA. EM gmillett@who.eop.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 SU 2 BP S144 EP S147 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbcb04 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 689YD UT WOS:000284966100019 PM 21406986 ER PT J AU Rabkin, M El-Sadr, WM Mugyenyi, P Ramatlapeng, MK De Cock, KM AF Rabkin, Miriam El-Sadr, Wafaa M. Mugyenyi, Peter Ramatlapeng, Mphu K. De Cock, Kevin M. TI Lessons From Africa SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV scale-up; program implementation; lessons; Africa ID RAPID EXPANSION; HEALTH; THERAPY; AIDS AB Delayed access to HIV care and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa meant that the early years of HIV scale-up were characterized by a largely North-to-South transfer of knowledge and resources. Clinicians from wealthy countries were among the first to gain experience with antiretroviral treatment and care of people living with HIV and shared key lessons with their colleagues in sub-Saharan Africa. Ten years later, lessons from Africa learned from the remarkable achievements of HIV programs now have the potential to inform the response to the US domestic epidemic. C1 [Rabkin, Miriam; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Rabkin, Miriam; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Rabkin, Miriam; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Mugyenyi, Peter] Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. [Ramatlapeng, Mphu K.] Lesotho Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Maseru, Lesotho. [De Cock, Kevin M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP El-Sadr, WM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, 722 W 168th St,Room 715, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM mr84@columbia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI083038, U01 AI069466-03, U01 AI069466, R01 AI083038-03] NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 55 SU 2 BP S141 EP S143 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbcb76 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 689YD UT WOS:000284966100018 PM 21406985 ER PT J AU Existe, A Freeman, N Boncy, J Magloire, R Vely, JF Chang, M Bishop, H de Oliveira, AM McMorrow, M Dasilva, A Barnwell, J Slutsker, L Townes, D AF Existe, A. Freeman, N. Boncy, J. Magloire, R. Vely, J-F Chang, M. Bishop, H. de Oliveira, A. Macedo McMorrow, M. Dasilva, A. Barnwell, J. Slutsker, L. Townes, D. TI Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria-Haiti, 2010 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1372-1373, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Chang, M.; Bishop, H.; de Oliveira, A. Macedo; McMorrow, M.; Dasilva, A.; Barnwell, J.; Slutsker, L.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Townes, D.] CDC, EIS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 23 BP 2585 EP 2586 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 694MX UT WOS:000285303400013 ER PT J AU Arrazola, RA Dube, SR Kaufmann, RB Caraballo, RS Pechacek, T AF Arrazola, R. A. Dube, S. R. Kaufmann, R. B. Caraballo, R. S. Pechacek, T. TI Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students-United States, 2000-2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1063-1068, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Arrazola, R. A.; Dube, S. R.; Kaufmann, R. B.; Caraballo, R. S.; Pechacek, T.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arrazola, RA (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 23 BP 2586 EP 2588 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 694MX UT WOS:000285303400014 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Yan, DM Zhu, SL Wen, N Li, L Wang, HY Liu, JF Ye, XF Ding, ZR Wang, DY Zhu, H Chen, L Hou, XH An, HQ Liang, XF Luo, HM Kew, O Xu, WB AF Zhang, Yong Yan, Dongmei Zhu, Shuangli Wen, Ning Li, Li Wang, Haiyan Liu, Jianfeng Ye, Xufang Ding, Zhengrong Wang, Dongyan Zhu, Hui Chen, Li Hou, Xiaohui An, Hongqiu Liang, Xiaofeng Luo, Huiming Kew, Olen Xu, Wenbo TI Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from Patients with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in China: Current Immunization Strategy Effectively Prevented Its Sustained Transmission SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-BASIS; POLIOMYELITIS; RECOMBINANT; ERADICATION; OUTBREAK; CIRCULATION; REPLICATION; ATTENUATION; MADAGASCAR; SEQUENCE AB In China, 5 patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) associated with type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) were identified by an AFP surveillance system from 1996 through 2009. A maximum-likelihood tree shows that all 5 Chinese VDPVs were independent. These 5 VDPVs were 100-216 d old according to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site and 176-292 d old according to the number of substitutions per site. This result indicates limited virus replication since the administration of the initiating oral polio vaccine (OPV) dose, which is consistent with the rapid evolution rate of poliovirus genomes. The above-mentioned VDPVs have important implications in the global polio eradication initiative. Localized, limited, and transient circulation may be typical of OPVs; hence, independent VDPVs could be found because of the large population and excellent surveillance system, which permitted early detection and response, but sustained transmission was limited because of high population immunity. C1 [Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ding, Zhengrong] Yunnan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Ye, Xufang] Guizhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guiyang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jianfeng] Gansu Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haiyan] Shandong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Wen, Ning; Li, Li; Liang, Xiaofeng; Luo, Huiming] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong; Yan, Dongmei; Zhu, Shuangli; Wang, Dongyan; Zhu, Hui; Chen, Li; Hou, Xiaohui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong; Yan, Dongmei; Zhu, Shuangli; Wang, Dongyan; Zhu, Hui; Chen, Li; Hou, Xiaohui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Western Pacific Reg Polio Reference Lab, WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, WB (reprint author), 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. EM wenbo_xu1@yahoo.com.cn FU National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China [2008BAI56B00]; National Key Science and Technology Projects of China [2008ZX10004-008]; World Health Organization [I8/181/978] FX Financial support: National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (project no. 2008BAI56B00); National Key Science and Technology Projects of China (project no. 2008ZX10004-008); World Health Organization (grant I8/181/978). NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 12 BP 1780 EP 1788 DI 10.1086/657410 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 681XC UT WOS:000284356300004 PM 21050127 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Boonmar, S Sawatwong, P Sangmaneedet, S Peruski, LF AF Bai, Ying Kosoy, Michael Y. Boonmar, Sumalee Sawatwong, Pongpun Sangmaneedet, Somboon Peruski, Leonard F. TI Enrichment culture and molecular identification of diverse Bartonella species in stray dogs SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAPGM; Bartonella; gltA; Pre-enrichment; Stray dogs ID VINSONII SUBSP BERKHOFFII; SP-NOV; ENDOCARDITIS; HENSELAE; ELIZABETHAE; PREVALENCE; RODENTS; CLARRIDGEIAE; COINFECTION; WASHOENSIS AB Using pre-enrichment culture in Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) followed by PCR amplification and DNA sequence identification that targeted a fragment of the citrate synthase gene (gltA), we provide evidence of common bartonella infections and diverse Bartonella species in the blood of stray dogs from Bangkok and Khon Kaen, Thailand. The overall prevalence of all Bartonella species was 31.3% (60/192), with 27.9% (31/111) and 35.8% (29/81) in the stray dogs from Bangkok and Khon Kaen, respectively. Phylogenetic analyzes of gltA identified eight species/genotypes of Bartonella in the blood of stray dogs, including B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, B. elizabethae, B. grahamii, B. quintana, B. taylorii, and three novel genotypes (BK1, KK1 and KK2) possibly representing unique species with <= 90.2% similarities to any of the known Bartonella species B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis was the only species detected in dogs from both sites, B. quintana and BK1 were found in the dogs from Bangkok. B. elizabethae, B. taylorii, KK1 and KK2 were found in the dogs from Khon Kaen. We conclude that stray dogs in Thailand are frequently infected with Bartonella species that vary with geographic region. As some Bartonella species detected in the present study are considered pathogenic for humans, stray dogs in Thailand may serve as possible reservoirs for Bartonella causing human illnesses. Further work is needed to determine the role of those newly discovered Bartonella genotypes/species in human and veterinary medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bai, Ying; Kosoy, Michael Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sawatwong, Pongpun; Peruski, Leonard F.] Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Boonmar, Sumalee] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Sangmaneedet, Somboon] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM YBai1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.017 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 693OG UT WOS:000285232800017 PM 20570065 ER PT J AU Nathanson, N Kew, OM AF Nathanson, Neal Kew, Olen M. TI From Emergence to Eradication: The Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis Deconstructed SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; history of medicine; poliomyelitis; poliovirus; vaccines ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; GLOBAL ERADICATION; POLIO ERADICATION; WILD POLIOVIRUS; OPV CESSATION; LIVE VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION AB Poliomyelitis has appeared in epidemic form, become endemic on a global scale, and been reduced to near-elimination, all within the span of documented medical history. Epidemics of the disease appeared in the late 19th century in many European countries and North America, following which polio became a global disease with annual epidemics. During the period of its epidemicity, 1900-1950, the age distribution of poliomyelitis cases increased gradually. Beginning in 1955, the creation of poliovirus vaccines led to a stepwise reduction in poliomyelitis, culminating in the unpredicted elimination of wild polioviruses in the United States by 1972. Global expansion of polio immunization resulted in a reduction of paralytic disease from an estimated annual prevaccine level of at least 600,000 cases to fewer than 1,000 cases in 2000. Indigenous wild type 2 poliovirus was eradicated in 1999, but unbroken localized circulation of poliovirus types 1 and 3 continues in 4 countries in Asia and Africa. Current challenges to the final eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis include the continued transmission of wild polioviruses in endemic reservoirs, reinfection of polio-free areas, outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, and persistent excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus by a few vaccinees with B-cell immunodeficiencies. Beyond the current efforts to eradicate the last remaining wild polioviruses, global eradication efforts must safely navigate through an unprecedented series of endgame challenges to assure the permanent cessation of all human poliovirus infections. C1 [Nathanson, Neal] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Global Hlth Programs Off, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Nathanson, Neal] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kew, Olen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nathanson, N (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Global Hlth Programs Off, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM nathansn@exchange.upenn.edu NR 125 TC 109 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 11 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 11 BP 1213 EP 1229 DI 10.1093/aje/kwq320 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685NH UT WOS:000284634900001 PM 20978089 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Staples, JE Jones, JF Sejvar, JJ Griggs, A Iskander, J Miller, ER Fischer, M AF Lindsey, Nicole P. Staples, J. Erin Jones, James F. Sejvar, James J. Griggs, Anne Iskander, John Miller, Elaine R. Fischer, Marc TI Adverse event reports following Japanese encephalitis vaccination in the United States, 1999-2009 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; Vaccine; Adverse event; VAERS ID IMMUNIZATION SAFETY DATA; ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALLERGIC REACTIONS; CASE-DEFINITION; SYSTEM VAERS; GUIDELINES; COLLECTION; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINES AB We reviewed adverse events following receipt of inactivated mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1999 to 2009. During this period, VAERS received 300 adverse event reports following JE vaccination (24 per 100,000 doses distributed); 106 (35%) were classified as hypersensitivity reactions (8.4 per 100,000 doses) and four (1%) were classified as neurologic events (0.3 per 100,000 doses). Twenty-three (8%) reports described serious adverse events (1.8 per 100,000 doses distributed). There were no reports of encephalitis, meningitis, or Guillain-Barre syndrome. As reported previously, hypersensitivity reactions were common among persons receiving inactivated mouse brain-derived JE vaccine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lindsey, Nicole P.; Staples, J. Erin; Sejvar, James J.; Griggs, Anne; Fischer, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Jones, James F.] CDC, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Iskander, John] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Miller, Elaine R.] CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nplindsey@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 708EP UT WOS:000286345000009 PM 20970488 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Maines, TR Tumpey, TM Katz, JM AF Belser, Jessica A. Maines, Taronna R. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Influenza A virus transmission: contributing factors and clinical implications SO EXPERT REVIEWS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID GUINEA-PIG MODEL; RECEPTOR-BINDING SPECIFICITY; HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; SINGLE AMINO-ACID; LONG-TERM-CARE; AVIAN-INFLUENZA; H5N1 VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES AB Efficient human-to-human transmission is a necessary property for the generation of a pandemic influenza virus. To date, only influenza A viruses within the H1-H3 subtypes have achieved this capacity. However, sporadic cases of severe disease in individuals following infection with avian influenza A viruses over the past decade, and the emergence of a pandemic H1N1 swine-origin virus in 2009, underscore the need to better understand how influenza viruses acquire the ability to transmit efficiently. In this review, we discuss the biological constraints and molecular features known to affect virus transmissibility to and among humans. Factors influencing the behaviour of aerosols in the environment are described, and the mammalian models used to study virus transmission are presented. Recent progress in understanding the molecular determinants that confer efficient transmission has identified crucial roles for the haemagglutinin and polymerase proteins; nevertheless, influenza virus transmission remains a polygenic trait that is not completely understood. The clinical implications of this research, including methods currently under investigation to mitigate influenza virus human-to-human transmission, are discussed. A better understanding of the viral determinants necessary for efficient transmission will allow us to identify avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Maines, Taronna R.; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkatz@cdc.gov RI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016 OI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863 NR 165 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1462-3994 J9 EXPERT REV MOL MED JI Expert Rev. Mol. Med. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 12 AR e39 DI 10.1017/S1462399410001705 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 700DU UT WOS:000285716300001 PM 21144091 ER PT J AU Liu, X Chan, CB Jang, SW Pradoldej, S Huang, JJ He, KY Phun, LH France, S Xiao, G Jia, YH Luo, HBR Ye, KQ AF Liu, Xia Chan, Chi-Bun Jang, Sung-Wuk Pradoldej, Sompol Huang, Junjian He, Kunyan Phun, Lien H. France, Stefan Xiao, Ge Jia, Yonghui Luo, Hongbo R. Ye, Keqiang TI A Synthetic 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Derivative Promotes Neurogenesis and Exhibits Potent Antidepressant Effect SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CORTICAL-NEURONS; RECEPTOR TRKB; GRANULE CELLS; DEPRESSION; BRAIN; BDNF; ACTIVATION AB 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a recently identified small molecular tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB) agonist. Our preliminary structural activity relationship (SAR) study showed that the 7,8-dihydroxy groups are essential for the agonistic effect. To improve the lead compound's agonistic activity, we have conducted an extensive SAR study and synthesized numerous derivatives. We have successfully identified 4'-dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone that displays higher TrkB agonistic activity than that of the lead. This novel compound also exhibits a more robust and longer TrkB activation effect in animals. Consequently, this new compound reveals more potent antiapoptotic activity. Interestingly, chronic oral administration of 4'-dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone and its lead strongly promotes neurogenesis in dentate gyrus and demonstrates marked antidepressant effects. Hence, our data support that the synthetic 4'-dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone and its lead both are orally bioavailable TrkB agonists and possess potent antidepressant effects. C1 [Liu, Xia; Chan, Chi-Bun; Jang, Sung-Wuk; Pradoldej, Sompol; Huang, Junjian; He, Kunyan; Ye, Keqiang] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Phun, Lien H.; France, Stefan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xiao, Ge] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jia, Yonghui; Luo, Hongbo R.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jia, Yonghui; Luo, Hongbo R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ye, KQ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Room 141,Whitehead Bldg,615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kye@emory.edu RI France, Stefan/G-8567-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 NS045627] FX This work is supported by grants from National Institutes of Health RO1 NS045627 to K. Ye. We are thankful to Dr. David Ginty at Johns Hopkins University for TrkB F616A knockin mice. NR 41 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 53 IS 23 BP 8274 EP 8286 DI 10.1021/jm101206p PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 686YO UT WOS:000284738400007 PM 21073191 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, R Velmurugan, S Chakiath, C Donkor, LA Milhous, W Barnwell, JW Collins, WE Hoffman, SL AF Chattopadhyay, Rana Velmurugan, Soundarapandian Chakiath, Chinnamma Donkor, Lucy Andrews Milhous, Wilbur Barnwell, John W. Collins, William E. Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Establishment of an In Vitro Assay for Assessing the Effects of Drugs on the Liver Stages of Plasmodium vivax Malaria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXOERYTHROCYTIC PARASITES; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; INVITRO CULTURE; HYPNOZOITES; PRIMAQUINE; INFECTION; RELAPSES; ANTIBODIES; FALCIPARUM; VACCINE AB Plasmodium vivax (Pv) is the second most important human malaria parasite. Recent data indicate that the impact of Pv malaria on the health and economies of the developing world has been dramatically underestimated. Pv has a unique feature in its life cycle. Uninucleate sporozoites (spz), after invasion of human hepatocytes, either proceed to develop into tens of thousands of merozoites within the infected hepatocytes or remain as dormant forms called hypnozoites, which cause relapses of malaria months to several years after the primary infection. Elimination of malaria caused by Pv will be facilitated by developing a safe, highly effective drug that eliminates Pv liver stages, including hypnozoites. Identification and development of such a drug would be facilitated by the development of a medium to high throughput assay for screening drugs against Pv liver stages. We undertook the present pilot study to (1) assess the feasibility of producing large quantities of purified, vialed, cryopreserved Pv sporozoites and (2) establish a system for culturing the liver stages of Pv in order to assess the effects of drugs on the liver stages of Pv. We used primaquine (PQ) to establish this assay model, because PQ is the only licensed drug known to clear all Pv hepatocyte stages, including hypnozoites, and the effect of PQ on Pv hepatocyte stage development in vitro has not previously been reported. We report that we have established the capacity to reproducibly infect hepatoma cells with purified, cyropreserved Pv spz from the same lot, quantitate the primary outcome variable of infected hepatoma cells and demonstrate the inhibitory activity of primaquine on the infected hepatoma cells. We have also identified small parasite forms that may be hypnozoites. These data provide the foundation for finalizing a medium throughput, high content assay to identify new drugs for the elimination of all Pv liver stages. C1 [Chattopadhyay, Rana; Velmurugan, Soundarapandian; Chakiath, Chinnamma; Donkor, Lucy Andrews; Hoffman, Stephen L.] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Milhous, Wilbur] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Barnwell, John W.; Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC NCID Malaria Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Chattopadhyay, R (reprint author), Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. EM slhoffman@sanaria.com FU Sanaria; Medicine for Malaria Venture FX Funding for this project was provided by a grant by Sanaria (www.sanaria.com) and Medicine for Malaria Venture (www.mmv.org). Sanaria, a for-profit organization, played a critical role in design, execution, analysis and publication of this work. MMV, a not-for-profit public-private partnership, participated in study design, but had no role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14275 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014275 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692ES UT WOS:000285135800008 PM 21151554 ER PT J AU Miller, BL Ahmed, F Lu, PJ Euler, GL Kretsinger, K AF Miller, B. L. Ahmed, F. Lu, P. J. Euler, G. L. Kretsinger, K. TI Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccination Coverage Among Adults Aged >= 18 Years-United States, 1999 and 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1302-1306, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Miller, B. L.; Ahmed, F.; Lu, P. J.; Euler, G. L.] CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kretsinger, K.] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, BL (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 22 BP 2472 EP 2474 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 691AS UT WOS:000285053300011 ER PT J AU Kanny, D Liu, Y Brewer, RD Garvin, W Balluz, L AF Kanny, D. Liu, Y. Brewer, R. D. Garvin, W. Balluz, L. TI Vital Signs: Binge Drinking Among High School Students and Adults-United States, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1274-1279, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Kanny, D.; Liu, Y.; Brewer, R. D.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garvin, W.; Balluz, L.] CDC, Div Behav Surveillance, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Svcs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kanny, D (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 22 BP 2474 EP 2477 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 691AS UT WOS:000285053300012 ER PT J AU Feliciano, LG Deseda, C Rivera, A Tomashek, KM Munoz-Jordan, J Hunsperger, E Padro, O Santiago, LM Soto, E Perez, J Rodriguez, R Seda, H Barrera, R Arguello, DF Margolis, H AF Feliciano, L. Gonzalez Deseda, C. Rivera, A. Tomashek, K. M. Munoz-Jordan, J. Hunsperger, E. Padro, O. Santiago, L. M. Soto, E. Perez, J. Rodriguez, R. Seda, H. Barrera, R. Arguello, D. F. Margolis, H. TI Notes From the Field: Dengue Epidemic-Puerto Rico, January-July 2010 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 878, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Rivera, A.; Tomashek, K. M.; Munoz-Jordan, J.; Hunsperger, E.; Padro, O.; Santiago, L. M.; Soto, E.; Perez, J.; Rodriguez, R.; Seda, H.; Barrera, R.; Arguello, D. F.; Margolis, H.] CDC, Dengue Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 22 BP 2477 EP 2477 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 691AS UT WOS:000285053300013 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Kariuki, S Hawley, W ter Kuile, F Terlouw, D Phillips-Howard, P Nahlen, B Gimnig, J Lindblade, K Walker, E Hamel, M Crawford, S Williamson, J Slutsker, L Shi, YP AF Gatei, Wangeci Kariuki, Simon Hawley, William ter Kuile, Feiko Terlouw, Dianne Phillips-Howard, Penelope Nahlen, Bernard Gimnig, John Lindblade, Kim Walker, Edward Hamel, Mary Crawford, Sara Williamson, John Slutsker, Laurence Shi, Ya Ping TI Effects of transmission reduction by insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) on parasite genetics population structure: I. The genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites by microsatellite markers in western Kenya SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AREA; EXPRESSION; MORTALITY; MOSQUITOS; CURTAINS AB Background: Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) reduce malaria transmission and are an important prevention tool. However, there are still information gaps on how the reduction in malaria transmission by ITNs affects parasite genetics population structure. This study examined the relationship between transmission reduction from ITN use and the population genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in an area of high ITN coverage in western Kenya. Methods: Parasite genetic diversity was assessed by scoring eight single copy neutral multilocus microsatellite (MS) markers in samples collected from P. falciparum-infected children (< five years) before introduction of ITNs (1996, baseline, n = 69) and five years after intervention (2001, follow-up, n = 74). Results: There were no significant changes in overall high mixed infections and unbiased expected heterozygosity between baseline (% M(A) = 94% and H(e) = 0.75) and follow up (% M(A) = 95% and H(e) = 0.79) years. However, locus specific analysis detected significant differences for some individual loci between the two time points. Pfg377 loci, a gametocyte-specific MS marker showed significant increase in mixed infections and H(e) in the follow up survey (% M(A) = 53% and H(e) = 0.57) compared to the baseline (% M(A) = 30% and H(e) = 0.29). An opposite trend was observed in the erythrocyte binding protein (EBP) MS marker. There was moderate genetic differentiation at the Pfg377 and TAA60 loci (F(ST) = 0.117 and 0.137 respectively) between the baseline and post-ITN parasite populations. Further analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the microsatellites in the baseline (14 significant pair-wise tests and I(A)(S) = 0.016) that was broken in the follow up parasite population (6 significant pairs and I(A)(S) = 0.0003). The locus specific change in H(e), the moderate population differentiation and break in LD between the baseline and follow up years suggest an underlying change in population sub-structure despite the stability in the overall genetic diversity and multiple infection levels. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that although P. falciparum population maintained an overall stability in genetic diversity after five years of high ITN coverage, there was significant locus specific change associated with gametocytes, marking these for further investigation. C1 [Gatei, Wangeci; Hawley, William; Gimnig, John; Lindblade, Kim; Hamel, Mary; Crawford, Sara; Williamson, John; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gatei, Wangeci] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kariuki, Simon; Phillips-Howard, Penelope; Hamel, Mary] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [ter Kuile, Feiko; Terlouw, Dianne] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Phillips-Howard, Penelope] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. [Walker, Edward] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nahlen, Bernard] Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yps0@cdc.gov OI Phillips-Howard, Penelope A/0000-0003-1018-116X; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 FU Multilateral Initiative on Malaria through the WHO [A40046]; U.S. National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases [EF-0723770] FX The authors express their gratitude to the children and families who participated in the ITN trial. We also thank Dr Paula Marcet of Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, CDC Atlanta for her tremendous assistance in genetic data analysis and Dr Ananias Escalante of Arizona State University for providing advices on genetic data analysis and valuable suggestions on the manuscript. We thank the Director, Kenya Medical Research Institute for permission to publish this paper. This study was supported by the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria grant # A40046 through the WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and was partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases grant # EF-0723770. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 353 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-353 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 724VB UT WOS:000287603200001 PM 21134282 ER PT J AU Rivailler, P Perry, IA Jang, YH Davis, CT Chen, LM Dubovi, EJ Donis, RO AF Rivailler, Pierre Perry, Ijeoma A. Jang, Yunho Davis, C. Todd Chen, Li-Mei Dubovi, Edward J. Donis, Ruben O. TI Evolution of canine and equine influenza (H3N8) viruses co-circulating between 2005 and 2008 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canine influenza virus; Equine influenza virus; Host range; Viral evolution; H3N8 ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; A VIRUSES; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; H5N1 INFLUENZA; HEMAGGLUTININ; OUTBREAK; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; BINDING; GENE AB Influenza virus, subtype H3N8, was transmitted from horses to greyhound dogs in 2004 and subsequently spread to pet dog populations. The co-circulation of H3N8 viruses in dogs and horses makes bi-directional virus transmission between these animal species possible. To understand the dynamics of viral transmission, we performed virologic surveillance in dogs and horses between 2005 and 2008 in the United States. The genomes of influenza A H3N8 viruses isolated from 36 dogs and horses were sequenced to determine their origin and evolution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that H3N8 influenza viruses from horses and dogs were monophyletic and distinct. There was no evidence of canine influenza virus infection in horses with respiratory disease or new introductions of equine influenza viruses into dogs in the United States. Analysis of a limited number of equine influenza viruses suggested substantial separation in the transmission of viruses causing clinically apparent influenza in dogs and horses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rivailler, Pierre; Perry, Ijeoma A.; Jang, Yunho; Davis, C. Todd; Chen, Li-Mei; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Dubovi, EJ (reprint author), Coll Vet Med Cornell, Virol Sect, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ejd5@cornell.edu; rvd6@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 5 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.08.022 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 677DY UT WOS:000283970500008 PM 20880564 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Armah, G Zaman, K Sow, S Dang, DA Ciarlet, M Neuzil, KM AF Breiman, Robert F. Armah, George Zaman, K. Sow, Samba Dang Duc Anh Ciarlet, Max Neuzil, Kathleen M. TI Rotavirus vaccine efficacy in African and Asian countries Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Neuzil, Kathleen M.] PATH, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Armah, George] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. [Zaman, K.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Sow, Samba] Ctr Vaccine Dev, Bamako, Mali. [Dang Duc Anh] Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Ciarlet, Max] Merck Res Labs, N Wales, PA USA. RP Neuzil, KM (reprint author), PATH, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM kneuzil@path.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9756 BP 1898 EP 1898 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62208-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 696KH UT WOS:000285439800019 ER PT J AU Katz, RL Lopez, LM Annelli, JF Arthur, RR Carroll, D Chapman, LW Cole, K Gay, CG Lowe, DL Resnick, G Russell, KL AF Katz, Rebecca L. Lopez, Leana M. Annelli, Joseph F. Arthur, Ray R. Carroll, Dennis Chapman, Leonard W. Cole, Kenneth Gay, Cyril G. Lowe, Daniel L. Resnick, Gary Russell, Kevin L. TI US Government engagement in support of global disease surveillance SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Global cooperation is essential for coordinated planning and response to public health emergencies, as well as for building sufficient capacity around the world to detect, assess and respond to health events. The United States is committed to, and actively engaged in, supporting disease surveillance capacity building around the world. We recognize that there are many agencies involved in this effort, which can become confusing to partner countries and other public health entities. This paper aims to describe the agencies and offices working directly on global disease surveillance capacity building in order to clarify the United States Government interagency efforts in this space. C1 [Katz, Rebecca L.; Lopez, Leana M.; Lowe, Daniel L.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Katz, Rebecca L.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Annelli, Joseph F.] USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Arthur, Ray R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carroll, Dennis] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Chapman, Leonard W.; Cole, Kenneth] US Dept Def, Arlington, VA USA. [Gay, Cyril G.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Resnick, Gary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] US Dept Def, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Katz, RL (reprint author), US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM KatzRL@state.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S13 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S13 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300013 PM 21143823 ER PT J AU Nsubuga, P Nwanyanwu, O Nkengasong, JN Mukanga, D Trostle, M AF Nsubuga, Peter Nwanyanwu, Okey Nkengasong, John N. Mukanga, David Trostle, Murray TI Strengthening public health surveillance and response using the health systems strengthening agenda in developing countries SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID H1N1 VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB There is increased interest in strengthening health systems for developing countries. However, at present, there is common uncertainty about how to accomplish this task. Specifically, several nations are faced with an immense challenge of revamping an entire system. To accomplish this, it is essential to first identify the components of the system that require modification. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed health system building blocks, which are now widely recognized as essential components of health systems strengthening. With increased travel and urbanization, the threat of emerging diseases of pandemic potential is increasing alongside endemic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis virus infections. At the same time, the epidemiologic patterns are shifting, giving rise to a concurrent increase in disease burden due to non-communicable diseases. These diseases can be addressed by public health surveillance and response systems that are operated by competent public health workers in core public health positions at national and sub-national levels with a focus on disease prevention. We describe two ways that health ministries in developing countries could leverage President Obama's Global Health Initiative (GHI) to build public health surveillance and response systems using proven models for public health systems strengthening and to create the public health workforce to operate those systems. We also off er suggestions for how health ministries could strengthen public health systems within the broad health systems strengthening agenda. Existing programs (e.g., the Global Vaccine Alliance [GAVI] and the Global Fund Against Tuberculosis, AIDS, and Malaria [GFTAM]) can also adapt their current health systems strengthening programs to build sustainable public health systems. C1 [Nsubuga, Peter] CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nsubuga, Peter] CDC, Syst Africa Branch, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nwanyanwu, Okey] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nkengasong, John N.] CDC, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mukanga, David] African Field Epidemiol Network, Kampala, Uganda. [Trostle, Murray] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pcn0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300005 PM 21143827 ER PT J AU Taboy, CH Chapman, W Albetkova, A Kennedy, S Rayfield, MA AF Taboy, Celine H. Chapman, Will Albetkova, Adilya Kennedy, Sarah Rayfield, Mark A. TI Integrated Disease Investigations and Surveillance planning: a systems approach to strengthening national surveillance and detection of events of public health importance in support of the International Health Regulations SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB The international community continues to define common strategic themes of actions to improve global partnership and international collaborations in order to protect our populations. The International Health Regulations (IHR[2005]) off er one of these strategic themes whereby World Health Organization (WHO) Member States and global partners engaged in biosecurity, biosurveillance and public health can define commonalities and leverage their respective missions and resources to optimize interventions. The U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) works with partner countries across clinical, veterinary, epidemiological, and laboratory communities to enhance national disease surveillance, detection, diagnostic, and reporting capabilities. CBEP, like many other capacity building programs, has wrestled with ways to improve partner country buy-in and ownership and to develop sustainable solutions that impact integrated disease surveillance outcomes. Designing successful implementation strategies represents a complex and challenging exercise and requires robust and transparent collaboration at the country level. To address this challenge, the Laboratory Systems Development Branch of the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and CBEP have partnered to create a set of tools that brings together key leadership of the surveillance system into a deliberate system design process. This process takes into account strengths and limitations of the existing system, how the components inter-connect and relate to one another, and how they can be systematically refined within the local context. The planning tools encourage cross-disciplinary thinking, critical evaluation and analysis of existing capabilities, and discussions across organizational and departmental lines toward a shared course of action and purpose. The underlying concepts and methodology of these tools are presented here. C1 [Taboy, Celine H.; Albetkova, Adilya; Rayfield, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Syst Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chapman, Will; Kennedy, Sarah] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Cooperat Biol Engagement Program, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Taboy, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Syst Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CTaboy@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S6 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300006 PM 21143828 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. TI Persistence of tungsten oxide particle/fiber mixtures in artificial human lung fluids SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURING PROCESSES; INVITRO DISSOLUTION; METAL; FIBERS; MACROPHAGES; CLEARANCE; CARBIDES; EXPOSURE; WHISKERS; INDUSTRY AB Background: During the manufacture of tungsten metal for non-sag wire, tungsten oxide powders are produced as intermediates and can be in the form of tungsten trioxide (WO(3)) or tungsten blue oxides (TBOs). TBOs contain fiber-shaped tungsten sub-oxide particles of respirable or thoracic size. The aim of this research was to investigate whether fiber-containing TBOs had prolonged biodurability in artificial lung fluids compared to tungsten metal or WO(3) and therefore potentially could pose a greater inhalation hazard. Methods: Dissolution of tungsten metal, WO(3), one fiber-free TBO (WO(2.98)), and three fiber-containing TBO (WO(2.81), WO(2.66), and WO(2.51)) powders were measured for the material as-received, dispersed, and mixed with metallic cobalt. Solubility was evaluated using artificial airway epithelial lining fluid (SUF) and macrophage phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF). Results: Dissolution rates of tungsten compounds were one to four orders of magnitude slower in PSF compared to SUF. The state of the fiber-containing TBOs did not influence their dissolution in either SUF or PSF. In SUF, fiber-containing WO(2.66) and WO(2.51) dissolved more slowly than tungsten metal or WO(3). In PSF, all three fiber-containing TBOs dissolved more slowly than tungsten metal. Conclusions: Fiber-containing TBO powders dissolved more slowly than tungsten metal and WO(3) powders in SUF and more slowly than tungsten metal in PSF. Existing pulmonary toxicological information on tungsten compounds indicates potential for pulmonary irritation and possibly fibrosis. Additional research is needed to fully understand the hazard potential of TBOs. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AStefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 FU National Toxicology Program [Y1-ES-9045-15]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX This work was supported by the National Toxicology Program through interagency agreement Y1-ES-9045-15 with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The funding source had no role in the study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit this paper for publication. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1743-8977-7-38 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 700MM UT WOS:000285747000001 PM 21126345 ER PT J AU Zedda, L Galli, G Borgogni, E Bardelli, M Malzone, C Medini, D Nuti, S Tavarini, S Sammicheli, C Hilbert, AK Gentile, C Zambon, M Katz, J Nicholson, K Stephenson, I Rappuoli, R Del Giudice, G Castellino, F AF Zedda, L. Galli, G. Borgogni, E. Bardelli, M. Malzone, C. Medini, D. Nuti, S. Tavarini, S. Sammicheli, C. Hilbert, A. K. Gentile, C. Zambon, M. Katz, J. Nicholson, K. Stephenson, I. Rappuoli, R. Del Giudice, G. Castellino, F. TI Pre-pandemic vaccination strategies: MF59 adjuvanted vaccine induces early CD4(+) T cell response predicting long term persistence of protective antibody levels and long lasting B cell memory SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the British-Society-for-Immunology CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND SP British Soc Immunol C1 [Rappuoli, R.] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost Srl, Res Ctr, Siena, Italy. [Hilbert, A. K.] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost Srl, Clin Serol Dept, Marburg, Germany. [Zambon, M.] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. [Gentile, C.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Katz, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nicholson, K.; Stephenson, I.] Univ Leicester, Dept Inflammat Infect & Immun, Leicester, Leics, England. RI Medini, Duccio/Q-9556-2016 OI Medini, Duccio/0000-0001-6041-2603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 131 SU 1 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 689XL UT WOS:000284964100361 ER PT J AU Leichliter, JS Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Aral, SO AF Leichliter, Jami S. Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Aral, Sevgi O. TI The concentration of sexual behaviours in the USA: a closer examination of subpopulations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; SAN-FRANCISCO; SYPHILIS; DISEASES; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY AB Objective To examine the frequency of three sexual behaviours from the most active to the least active members of the population in various subpopulations using measures of inequality. Methods Data from a US national probability sample of the population aged 15-44 years (National Survey of Family Growth) were used. Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves were calculated in order to examine the concentration of three sexual behaviours: vaginal sex acts (past 4 weeks) and number of opposite-sex partners (past 12 months; lifetime). Analyses were conducted separately for men and women and subpopulations of interest (by age, race/ethnicity, educational level and poverty level). Results The sexual behaviours examined were concentrated within the most active members of the population. This concentration was most pronounced for vaginal sex acts in the past 4 weeks and lifetime opposite-sex partners, with the top 5% of each population accounting for more of the sexual behaviour than the bottom 50% of the population. Sexual behaviours were most concentrated among adolescents, the least educated and the most impoverished. Some subpopulations had similar mean or median numbers of sex acts (or sex partners), but had different degrees of concentration of these behaviours. Finally, the most impoverished men and women had the highest concentration levels for two of the three sexual behaviours (vaginal sex acts, opposite-sex partners in past 12 months). Conclusion Given that sexual behaviours tended to be highly concentrated in subpopulations that are often at the highest risk of sexually transmitted infections, targeted interventions may be the most efficient method to reduce risk in these groups while minimising potential unintended consequences. C1 [Leichliter, Jami S.; Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leichliter, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jleichliter@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services; Office of Population Affairs, US Department of Health and Human Services; National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, US Department of Health and Human Services; Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, US Department of Health and Human Services FX This study was funded by the following agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Population Affairs, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Administration for Children and Families, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.042283 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900008 ER PT J AU Isle, LB Plescia, M La Porta, M Shepherd, W AF Isle, Lori Belle Plescia, Marcus La Porta, Madeline Shepherd, Walter TI In conclusion: looking to the future of comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer control; Global health; Non-communicable diseases ID UNITED-STATES AB The articles in this monograph illustrate the progress and successes of comprehensive cancer control (CCC) since our 2005 publication. The strides made in CCC demonstrate the energy and commitment of this nationwide movement to reduce the burden of cancer for all people. The purpose of this conclusion paper is to discuss the future of CCC, which promises a new emphasis on policy, primary prevention, public health, evidence-based interventions, and global health supported by advanced communication tools. C1 [Isle, Lori Belle] Amer Canc Soc, Hlth Promot Dept, Natl Home Off, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Plescia, Marcus] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [La Porta, Madeline] NCI, Off Commun & Educ Partnerships & Disseminat Initi, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Shepherd, Walter] Comprehens Canc Consulting Serv, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Isle, LB (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Hlth Promot Dept, Natl Home Off, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM lbellei1@cancer.org NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 2049 EP 2057 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9666-7 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600011 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Epstein, MP Duncan, R Broadaway, A Allen, AS AF Satten, Glen A. Epstein, Michael P. Duncan, Richard Broadaway, Alaine Allen, Andrew S. TI Stratification-Score-Based Matching Outperforms Other Matching Approaches when Controlling for Confounding SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 10-12, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 [Satten, Glen A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Epstein, Michael P.; Duncan, Richard; Broadaway, Alaine] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 MA 108 BP 946 EP 946 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 686TR UT WOS:000284719100118 ER PT J AU Demkin, VV Loparev, VN AF Demkin, V. V. Loparev, V. N. TI Genetic Variability and Genotyping of Varicella-Zoster Viruses SO MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE herpes viruses; varicella-zoster virus; variability; polymorphism; genotyping; classification ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; WILD-TYPE STRAINS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; REAL-TIME PCR; VACCINE STRAIN; OKA VACCINE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES AB The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is widespread and causes two types of diseases: varicella, a primary infection, and herpes zoster, a reactivation of disease. VZV is a genetically stable virus, although its genome contains such elements of genome instability as direct and inverted repeats, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The structure of the VZV genome, the strategy and methods of genotyping, as well as genetic classification problems are reviewed. C1 [Demkin, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Genet, Moscow 123182, Russia. [Loparev, V. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Demkin, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Genet, Sq Kurchatova 2, Moscow 123182, Russia. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0891-4168 J9 MOL GENET MICROBIOL+ JI Mol. Genet. Microbiol. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.3103/S0891416810040038 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 735PT UT WOS:000288430100003 ER PT J AU Park, P Wells, E Peters, S Gubareva, L Fry, A Zalewski, C Uyeki, T Napolitano, L AF Park, Pauline Wells, Eden Peters, Susan Gubareva, Larisa Fry, Alicia Zalewski, Christy Uyeki, Timothy Napolitano, Lena TI ASSOCIATION OF HEMAGGLUTININ D222 MUTATION IN 2009 INFLUENZA A (H1N1) VIRUS WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY FAILURE, MICHIGAN 2009-2010 SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Critical Care Congress CY JAN 15-19, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 [Gubareva, Larisa; Fry, Alicia; Uyeki, Timothy] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zalewski, Christy] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 SU S MA 300 BP U83 EP U83 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684BA UT WOS:000284520800282 ER PT J AU Harrison, KM Pals, SL Sajak, T Chase, J Kajese, T AF Harrison, Kathleen McDavid Pals, Sherri L. Sajak, Tammy Chase, Jennifer Kajese, Tebitha TI Improving Ascertainment of Risk Factors for HIV Infection: Results of a Group-Randomized Evaluation SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; surveillance; risk factors; evaluation; group-randomized trial ID AIDS EPIDEMIC AB To allow appropriate allocation of prevention and care funding, HIV/AIDS surveillance data must include risk factor information, currently available for less than 70% of cases reported in the United States. The authors evaluated an intervention consisting of provider training and materials to improve risk factor reporting. Facilities were matched prior to randomization to intervention or control, and generalized linear mixed models were used to test for an intervention effect. Twenty-one percent of cases from intervention facilities and 33.4% from control facilities (p = .09) were reported without any risk factor information. The pre-post difference (20.7% for intervention and 36.0% for control) was not significant among HIV cases (p = .11) nor among AIDS cases (p = .12; 21.3% for intervention and 31.1% for control). The methods the authors' evaluated may need to be combined with other approaches and/or alternative classification schemes to significantly reduce the percentage of cases reported to surveillance without risk factor information. C1 [Harrison, Kathleen McDavid; Pals, Sherri L.; Kajese, Tebitha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sajak, Tammy; Chase, Jennifer] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, HIV STD Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. RP Pals, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfv3@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X EI 1552-3926 J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1177/0193841X10388001 PG 16 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 703PZ UT WOS:000285992800001 ER PT J AU Popovic, T AF Popovic, Tanja TI In Memoriam: Jocelyn Anne Rankin (1946-2010) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2023 EP 2023 DI 10.3201/eid1611.IM1611 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 690TM UT WOS:000285031100048 ER PT J AU Qayad, MG Chowdhury, P Hu, SH Balluz, L AF Qayad, Mohamed G. Chowdhury, Pranesh Hu, Shaohua Balluz, Lina TI Respondent differences and length of data collection in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO SURVEY METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRFSS; Responders; Differences; Length of data collection ID BIAS AB The current economic downturn in the US could challenge costly strategies in survey operations. In the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), ending the monthly data collection at 31 days could be a less costly alternative. However, this could potentially exclude a portion of interviews completed after 31 days (late responders) whose respondent characteristics could be different in many respects from those who completed the survey within 31 days (early responders). We examined whether there are differences between the early and late responders in demographics, health-care coverage, general health status, health risk behaviors, and chronic disease conditions or illnesses. We used 2007 BRFSS data, where a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized adult U. S. population was selected using a random digit dialing method. Late responders were significantly more likely to be male; to report race/ethnicity as Hispanic; to have annual income higher than $50,000; to be younger than 45 years of age; to have less than high school education; to have health-care coverage; to be significantly more likely to report good health; and to be significantly less likely to report hypertension, diabetes, or being obese. The observed differences between early and late responders on survey estimates may hardly influence national and state-level estimates. As the proportion of late responders may increase in the future, its impact on surveillance estimates should be examined before excluding from the analysis. Analysis on late responders only should combine several years of data to produce reliable estimates. C1 [Qayad, Mohamed G.; Chowdhury, Pranesh; Hu, Shaohua; Balluz, Lina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Qayad, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM maq3@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU STATISTICS CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 100 TUNNEYS PASTURE DRIVEWAY, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0T6, CANADA SN 0714-0045 J9 SURV METHODOL JI Surv. Methodol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 699FM UT WOS:000285649300010 ER PT J AU Hahn, R AF Hahn, Robert CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations on Maintaining Limits on Days and Hours of Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Prevent Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Hahn, Robert] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, R (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhahn@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 680LT UT WOS:000284234100017 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Steiner, MJ Hobbs, MM Weaver, MA Hoke, TH Van Damme, K Jamieson, DJ Macaluso, M AF Gallo, Maria F. Steiner, Markus J. Hobbs, Marcia M. Weaver, Mark A. Hoke, Theresa Hatzell Van Damme, Kathleen Jamieson, Denise J. Macaluso, Maurizio TI Predictors of Unprotected Sex Among Female Sex Workers in Madagascar: Comparing Semen Biomarkers and Self-Reported Data SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Female sex workers; Condoms; Biological markers; Prostate-specific antigen; Africa ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CONDOM USE; REGULAR PARTNERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNSAFE SEX; TRIAL; HIV; KENYA; TRANSMISSION AB Research on the determinants of condom use and condom non-use generally has relied on self-reported data with questionable validity We identified predictors of recent, unprotected sex among 331 female sex workers in Madagascar using two outcome measures self-reports of unprotected sex within the past 48 h and detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biological marker of recent semen exposure Multivariable logistic regression revealed that self-reported unprotected sex was associated with three factors younger age, having a sipa (emotional partner) in the prior seven days, and no current use of hormonal contraception The sole factor related to having PSA detected was prevalent chlamydial infection (adjusted odds ratio, 45, 95% confidence interval, 2 0-10 1) Differences in predictors identified suggest that determinants of unprotected sex, based on self-reported behaviors, might not correlate well with risk of semen exposure Caution must be taken when interpreting self-reported sexual behavior measures or when adjusting for them in analyses evaluating interventions for the prevention of HIV/STIs C1 [Gallo, Maria F.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Macaluso, Maurizio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steiner, Markus J.; Weaver, Mark A.; Hoke, Theresa Hatzell] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hobbs, Marcia M.; Van Damme, Kathleen] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hobbs, Marcia M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI031496, N01 AI075329] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1286 DI 10.1007/s10461-010-9742-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 679CX UT WOS:000284138100007 PM 20625928 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Fulton, JE Dietz, WH Pan, LP Nihiser, AJ Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, David S. Fulton, Janet E. Dietz, William H. Pan, Liping Nihiser, Allison J. Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. TI The identification of children with adverse risk factor levels by body mass index cutoffs from 2 classification systems the Bogalusa Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT; FATNESS; ASSOCIATION AB Background The cutoffs from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and from the Cooper Institute (Fitness Gram) are widely used to identify children who have a high body mass index (BMI) Objective We compared the abilities of these 2 systems to identify children who have adverse lipid concentrations and blood pressure measurements and the reliability (consistency) of each classification system over time (mean follow up 7 y) Design A cross sectional analysis based on data from 22 896 examinations of 5 to 17 y olds was conducted Principal components analyses were used to summarize levels of the 5 risk factors and likelihood ratios and the h statistic were used to compare the screening abilities of the 2 systems Of these children 3972 were included in longitudinal analyses Results There were marked differences in the prevalence of a high Fitness Grain BMI by age with the prevalence among boys increasing from 2 5% to 21% between the ages of 5 and 11 y The identification of adverse risk factors by the 2 systems was only fair kappa = 0 25) but there was little difference in the abilities of the CDC and Fitness Gram cutoffs to identify high risk children Longitudinal analyses however indicated that the agreement between initial and follow up Fitness Gram classifications was substantially lower than that based on CDC cutoffs (K = 0 28 compared with 0 49) Conclusions The Fitness Gram and CDC cutoffs have similar abilities to identify high risk children However a high Fitness Gram BMI is difficult to interpret because the reliability over time is low and the prevalence increases markedly with age Am J Clm Nutr 2010 92 1298-305 C1 [Freedman, David S.; Fulton, Janet E.; Dietz, William H.; Pan, Liping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nihiser, Allison J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Berenson, Gerald S.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, K 26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Nihiser, Allison/B-8662-2014 FU National Institutes of Aging [AG 16592] FX Supported by National Institutes of Aging grant AG 16592 NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1298 EP 1305 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29758 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 690HM UT WOS:000284993600005 PM 20980492 ER PT J AU Nolte, KB Fischer, M Reagan, S Lynfield, R AF Nolte, Kurt B. Fischer, Marc Reagan, Sarah Lynfield, Ruth CA NAME Ad Hoc Comm Bioterrorism Infe TI Guidelines to Implement Medical Examiner/Coroner-Based Surveillance for Fatal Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism ("Med-X'') SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surveillance; pathology; forensic pathology; medical examiner; autopsy; infectious diseases; biological terrorism; mortality ID PATHOLOGY; EXAMINERS; CORONERS; MODEL AB Medical examiners and coroners investigate deaths that are sudden, unexplained, and violent. Oftentimes these deaths are a consequence of infections, many of which have public health consequences. Additionally, because deaths from bioterrorism are homicides, they fall under the jurisdiction of medical examiners and coroners. Surveillance for infectious disease-related deaths can enhance the opportunities to recognize these deaths. Beginning in 2000, the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator developed and tested a medical examiner surveillance model for bioterrorism and infectious disease mortality ("Med-X") using a set of symptoms to determine which cases should receive an autopsy and a set of pathology-based syndromes for early reporting of cases to public health authorities. This model demonstrated that many of the symptoms had a high predictive value for infections and were useful criteria for autopsy performance. The causative organism was identified for 81% of infections of which 58% were notifiable conditions by public health standards. Uniform criteria for performing autopsies and reporting cases to public health authorities enhance surveillance for notifiable infectious diseases and increase the probability of recognizing fatalities related to bioterrorism. We have developed guidelines for medical examiners, coroners and their public health partners to use in implementing Med-X surveillance in their jurisdictions. These guidelines encompass definitions of symptoms and syndromes, specimen collection and storage procedures, laboratory diagnostic approaches, and processes for case flow, case reporting, and data collection. We also suggest resources for autopsy biosafety information and funding. C1 [Nolte, Kurt B.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fischer, Marc; Reagan, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Unexplained Deaths & Crit Illnesses Project, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Nolte, KB (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, Off Med Investigator, MSC11 6030, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM knolte@salud.unm.edu FU CDC FX As part of the Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response cooperative agreements with state health departments, CDC has provided funding to New Mexico and other states that are pursuing ME/C surveillance systems as an enhancement to their traditional surveillance systems.2 CDC encourages pursuit of this enhanced ME/C surveillance capacity through cooperative agreements with states, if the state has made adequate progress with other critical capacity goals. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181c187b5 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 688BQ UT WOS:000284824700011 PM 20683243 ER PT J AU Page, EH Dowell, CH Mueller, CA Biagini, RE Heederik, D AF Page, Elena H. Dowell, Chad H. Mueller, Charles A. Biagini, Raymond E. Heederik, Dick TI Exposure to Flour Dust and Sensitization Among Bakery Employees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE flour; alpha-amylase; wheat; asthma; rash; respiratory; bakers; sensitization ID ALPHA-AMYLASE ALLERGENS; BAKING INDUSTRY; WHEAT-FLOUR; ASTHMA; WORKERS; INTERVENTION; SYMPTOMS AB Background The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a study to determine prevalences of sensitization to bakery-associated antigens (BAAs) and work-related respiratory symptoms at a large commercial bakery. Methods The following measurements were carried out: personal breathing zone (PBZ) and general area (GA) monitoring for inhalable flour dust, alpha-amylase and wheat, a questionnaire, and blood tests for IgE specific to flour dust, wheat, alpha-amylase, and common aeroallergens. Results Of 186 bakery employees present during our site visit, 161 completed the questionnaire and 96 allowed their blood to be drawn. The geometric mean PBZ and GA inhalable flour dust concentrations for the lower-exposure group was 0.235 mg/m(3), and for the higher-exposure group was 3.01 mg/m(3). Employees in the higher-exposure group had significantly higher prevalences of work-related wheezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, and frequent sneezing than the lower-exposure group. The prevalence of IgE specific to wheat was significantly higher among employees who ever had a job in the higher-exposure group or in production at another bakery at both the >= 0.10 kU/L and the >= 0.35 kU/L cutoffs, and to flour dust and alpha-amylase at the >= 0.10 kU/L cutoff, compared to the lower-exposure group. Conclusions Despite knowledge of the risks of exposure to flour being available for centuries, U. S. employees are still at risk of sensitization and respiratory symptoms from exposure to high levels of BAA. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53: 1225-1232, 2010. (C) 2010Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Page, Elena H.; Dowell, Chad H.; Mueller, Charles A.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Biagini, Raymond E.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Heederik, Dick] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Page, EH (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM epage@cdc.gov FU NIOSH [Y1-ES-0001]; NIEHS [Y1-ES-0001] FX Contract grant sponsor: NIOSH; Contract grant number: Y1-ES-0001; Contract grant sponsor: NIEHS; Contract grant number: Y1-ES-0001. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.1002/ajim.20893 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685IJ UT WOS:000284622100006 PM 20862699 ER PT J AU Luckhaupt, SE Calvert, GM AF Luckhaupt, Sara E. Calvert, Geoffrey M. TI Work-Relatedness of Selected Chronic Medical Conditions and Workers' Compensation Utilization: National Health Interview Survey Occupational Health Supplement Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational diseases; workers' compensation; back pain; carpal tunnel syndrome; tendonitis; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; pneumoconiosis; hearing loss ID CARPAL-TUNNEL-SYNDROME; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; BACK-PAIN; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; UPPER-EXTREMITY; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; INJURY; INDUSTRY AB Background An occupational health supplement (OHS) to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) bypassed many limitations of traditional occupational health surveillance systems, but the data collected about chronic work-related conditions have not yet been reported. Methods We calculated the prevalence and proportion of cases related to work for the aggregation of 13 chronic conditions included in the NHIS-OHS, and for 11 conditions individually. For each of nine conditions, and for the aggregation of all conditions, we also calculated the prevalence of workers' compensation claims filed. Results The overall prevalence of work-related chronic conditions was 7.5% (SE = 0.16). The work-related conditions with the highest prevalence were repeated trouble with the back/neck/spine (4.91%; SE = 0.13) and trouble hearing (1.14%; SE = 0.06). Overall, workers' compensation claims were filed for 39.0% (SE = 1.00) of work-related cases. Conclusions The burden of work-related illnesses in the US is substantial, and the workers' compensation system is underutilized. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53: 1252-1263, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Luckhaupt, Sara E.; Calvert, Geoffrey M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Luckhaupt, SE (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM sluckhaupt@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1252 EP 1263 DI 10.1002/ajim.20885 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685IJ UT WOS:000284622100010 PM 20721967 ER PT J AU Townsend, JS Richardson, LC German, RR AF Townsend, Julie S. Richardson, Lisa C. German, Robert R. TI Incidence of Testicular Cancer in the United States, 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE testicular cancer; public health; epidemiology; incidence; health status disparities ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; INCREASING INCIDENCE; INSURANCE STATUS; RISK; TRENDS; POPULATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DIAGNOSIS; ETHNICITY AB Testicular cancer is rare but primarily affects young men. To characterize the current incidence of testicular cancer in the United States, U. S. Cancer Statistics data from 1999 through 2004 were examined. Age-adjusted (2000 U. S. standard) incidence rates were calculated for seminoma and nonseminoma testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Hispanic men had the largest increase in incidence rates for nonseminomas, followed by non-Hispanic White men (annual percentage change of 3.2% and 1.9%, respectively, p < .05). Nonseminomas peaked at a younger age for Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) men. Whereas 9.6% of TGCTs were diagnosed at a distant stage in non-Hispanic White men, more Hispanic (16.1%), Black (13.8%), AIAN (16.8%), and API (14.9%) men with TGCTs were diagnosed with distant stage. Monitoring incidence rates for rare cancers by race/ethnicity has improved with national population-based cancer registry coverage. Disparities in diagnosis stage have implications for effective treatment of TGCTs. C1 [Townsend, Julie S.; Richardson, Lisa C.; German, Robert R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Townsend, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtownsend@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1557-9883 J9 AM J MENS HEALTH JI Am. J. Mens Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1177/1557988309356101 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689OA UT WOS:000284936300010 PM 20031937 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Bitsko, RH Hayes, DK Dietz, PM AF Farr, Sherry L. Bitsko, Rebecca H. Hayes, Donald K. Dietz, Patricia M. TI Mental health and access to services among US women of reproductive age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 22-26, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Pediat & Perinatal Epidemiol Res DE depression; depressive disorder; mental disorder; women ID NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; LIFETIME PREVALENCE; SURVEY REPLICATION; PREGNANCY; RISK; CARE; GYNECOLOGISTS AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of depression and serious psychological distress (SPD) and mental health service receipt among reproductive-age women. STUDY DESIGN: We used 2006-2007 nationally representative data to estimate the prevalence of depression and SPD among nonpregnant women aged 18 to 44 years. Using logistic regression, we individually examined predictors of depression and SPD and characteristics associated with clinical diagnosis and current treatment. RESULTS: More than 14% of women had current depression and 2.7% had current SPD. Risk factors for major depression and SPD included older age, less education, being unmarried, inability to work/unemployed, and low income. Among depressed women, 18-24 year-olds, nonwhite women, those with children, the employed, and urban women had lower odds of clinical diagnosis. Among women with SPD, Hispanic, employed, and those without health insurance had lower odds of receiving treatment. CONCLUSION: Mental health conditions are prevalent among women of reproductive age and a substantial proportion goes untreated. C1 [Farr, Sherry L.; Hayes, Donald K.; Dietz, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farr, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 203 IS 6 AR e1-9 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.07.007 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 685CJ UT WOS:000284602400021 ER PT J AU Middleton, JC Hahn, RA Kuzara, JL Elder, R Brewer, R Chattopadhyay, S Fielding, J Naimi, TS Toomey, T Lawrence, B AF Middleton, Jennifer Cook Hahn, Robert A. Kuzara, Jennifer L. Elder, Randy Brewer, Robert Chattopadhyay, Sajal Fielding, Jonathan Naimi, Timothy S. Toomey, Traci Lawrence, Briana CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Effectiveness of Policies Maintaining or Restricting Days of Alcohol Sales on Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; RETAIL SHOPS; NEW-MEXICO; SUNDAY; DRINKING; AUSTRALIA; CRASHES; SWEDEN; IMPACT; BANS AB Local, state, and national laws and policies that limit the days of the week on which alcoholic beverages may be sold may be a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. The methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness for preventing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms of laws and policies maintaining or reducing the days when alcoholic beverages may be sold. Outcomes assessed in 14 studies that met qualifying criteria were excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms, including motor vehicle injuries and deaths, violence-related and other injuries, and health conditions. Qualifying studies assessed the effects of changes in days of sale in both on-premises settings (at which alcoholic beverages are consumed where purchased) and off-premises settings (at which alcoholic beverages may not be consumed where purchased). Eleven studies assessed the effects of adding days of sale, and three studies assessed the effects of imposing a ban on sales on a given weekend day. The evidence from these studies indicated that increasing days of sale leads to increases in excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms and that reducing the number of days that alcoholic beverages are sold generally decreases alcohol-related harms. Based on these findings, when the expansion of days of sale is being considered, laws and policies maintaining the number of days of the week that alcoholic beverages are sold at on-and off-premises outlets in local, state, and national jurisdictions are effective public health strategies for preventing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. (Am J Prev Med 2010;39(6):575-589) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Middleton, Jennifer Cook; Hahn, Robert A.; Kuzara, Jennifer L.; Elder, Randy; Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Lawrence, Briana] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brewer, Robert; Naimi, Timothy S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fielding, Jonathan] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Toomey, Traci] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhahn@cdc.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA018377] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 575 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.015 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 680LT UT WOS:000284234100015 PM 21084079 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Kuzara, JL Elder, R Brewer, R Chattopadhyay, S Fielding, J Naimi, TS Toomey, T Middleton, JC Lawrence, B AF Hahn, Robert A. Kuzara, Jennifer L. Elder, Randy Brewer, Robert Chattopadhyay, Sajal Fielding, Jonathan Naimi, Timothy S. Toomey, Traci Middleton, Jennifer Cook Lawrence, Briana CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Effectiveness of Policies Restricting Hours of Alcohol Sales in Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LATER TRADING HOURS; LICENSING LAW; TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; PUBLIC HOUSES; IMPACT; DRINKING; VIOLENCE; HOTELS; AUSTRALIA; VICTORIA AB Local, state, and national policies that limit the hours that alcoholic beverages may be available for sale might be a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. The methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of such policies. All of the studies included in this review assessed the effects of increasing hours of sale in on-premises settings (in which alcoholic beverages are consumed where purchased) in high-income nations. None of the studies was conducted in the U. S. The review team's initial assessment of this evidence suggested that changes of less than 2 hours were unlikely to significantly affect excessive alcohol consumption and related harms; to explore this hypothesis, studies assessing the effects of changing hours of sale by less than 2 hours and by 2 or more hours were assessed separately. There was sufficient evidence in ten qualifying studies to conclude that increasing hours of sale by 2 or more hours increases alcohol-related harms. Thus, disallowing extensions of hours of alcohol sales by 2 or more should be expected to prevent alcohol-related harms, while policies decreasing hours of sale by 2 hours or more at on-premises alcohol outlets may be an effective strategy for preventing alcohol-related harms. The evidence from six qualifying studies was insufficient to determine whether increasing hours of sale by less than 2 hours increases excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. (Am J Prev Med 2010;39(6):590-604) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Hahn, Robert A.; Kuzara, Jennifer L.; Elder, Randy; Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Middleton, Jennifer Cook; Lawrence, Briana] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brewer, Robert; Naimi, Timothy S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fielding, Jonathan] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Toomey, Traci] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhahn@cdc.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA018377] NR 41 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 590 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.016 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 680LT UT WOS:000284234100016 PM 21084080 ER PT J AU Druss, BG Perry, GS Cantrell, LRP Dhingra, S AF Druss, Benjamin G. Perry, Geraldine S. Cantrell, Letitia R. Presley Dhingra, Satvinder TI Mental Health Promotion in a Reformed Health Care System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Druss, Benjamin G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Perry, Geraldine S.; Cantrell, Letitia R. Presley; Dhingra, Satvinder] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Druss, BG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2336 EP 2336 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2010.205401 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300004 PM 20966357 ER PT J AU Perry, GS Presley-Cantrell, LR Dhingra, S AF Perry, Geraldine S. Presley-Cantrell, Letitia R. Dhingra, Satvinder TI Addressing Mental Health Promotion in Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; LIFE; DISPARITIES; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; BEHAVIORS C1 [Perry, Geraldine S.; Presley-Cantrell, Letitia R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dhingra, Satvinder] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Publ Hlth Surveillance Program Off, Div Behav Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Perry, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K 67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2337 EP 2339 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2010.205146 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300005 PM 20966358 ER PT J AU Keyes, CLM Dhingra, SS Simoes, EJ AF Keyes, Corey L. M. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Simoes, Eduardo J. TI Change in Level of Positive Mental Health as a Predictor of Future Risk of Mental Illness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL BURDEN; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; LIFE; DEPRESSION; MODEL; DISORDERS; CONTINUUM; ANXIETY; YOUTH AB Objectives We sought to describe the prevalence of mental health and illness the stability of both diagnoses over time and whether changes in mental health level predicted mental illness in a cohort group Methods In 2009 we analyzed data from the 1995 and 2005 Midlife in the United States cross sectional surveys (n = 1723) which measured positive mental health and 12 month mental disorders of major depressive episode panic and generalized anxiety disorders Results Population prevalence of any of 3 mental disorders and levels of mental health appeared stable but were dynamic at the individual level Fifty two percent of the 17 5% of respondents with any mental illness in 2005 were new cases one half of those languishing in 1995 improved in 2005 and one half of those flourishing in 1995 declined in 2005 Change in mental health was strongly predictive of prevalence and incidence (operationalized as a new not necessarily a first episode) of mental illness in 2005 Conclusions Gains in mental health predicted declines in mental illness supporting the call for public mental health promotion losses of mental health predicted increases in mental illness supporting the call for public mental health protection (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2366-2371 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2010 192245) C1 [Keyes, Corey L. M.] Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dhingra, Satvinder S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Simoes, Eduardo J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Keyes, CLM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Room 225,Tarbutton Hall,1555 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 FU National Institute on Aging [P01 AG020166]; John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Wide Development FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (P01 AG020166) to conduct a longitudinal follow up of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) investigation The original study was supported by the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Wide Development NR 41 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2366 EP 2371 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2010.192245 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300014 PM 20966364 ER PT J AU Snowden, M Dhingra, SS Keyes, CLM Anderson, LA AF Snowden, Mark Dhingra, Satvinder S. Keyes, Corey L. M. Anderson, Lynda A. TI Changes in Mental Well-Being in the Transition to Late Life: Findings From MIDUS I and II SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; OLDER-ADULTS; HEALTH; DEPRESSION; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; HAPPINESS; SYMPTOMS; THERAPY; YOUTH; MODEL AB The number of adults aged 65 years and older is increasing rap idly creating public health challenges We used data from the 1995 and 2005 national surveys of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) to compare changes in mental well being of participants (n=1007) of 3 age cohorts (ages 45-54 years 55-64 years and 65-74 years in 1995) Older adults experienced a slight decline in mental well being not seen among younger participants and not explained by demographic variables physical ailments mental illnesses or chronic conditions (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2385-2388 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2010 193391) C1 [Snowden, Mark] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dhingra, Satvinder S.; Anderson, Lynda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keyes, Corey L. M.] Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Snowden, M (reprint author), 329 9th Ave,2HH 18,Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU National Institute on Aging [P01 AG020166]; John D and Catherine I MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Midlife Development FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (P01 AG020166) to conduct a longitudinal follow up of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) investigation The original study was supported by the John D and Catherine I MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Midlife Development NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2385 EP 2388 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2010.193391 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300017 PM 20966363 ER PT J AU McClave, AK Eily, LRM Davis, SP Dube, SR AF McClave, Annette K. Eily, Lela R. McKnight Davis, Shane P. Dube, Shanta R. TI Smoking Characteristics of Adults With Selected Lifetime Mental Illnesses: Results From the 2007 National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; GENERAL-POPULATION; TOBACCO USE; CESSATION; MORTALITY AB Objectives We estimated smoking prevalence frequency intensity and cessation attempts among US adults with selected diagnosed lifetime mental illnesses Methods We used data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey on 23393 noninstitutionalized US adults to obtain age adjusted estimates of smoking prevalence frequency intensity and cessation attempts for adults screened as having serious psychological distress and persons self reporting bipolar disorder schizophrenia attention deficit disorder or hyperactivity dementia or phobias or fears Results The age adjusted smoking prevalence of adults with mental illness or serious psychological distress ranged from 34 3% (phobias or fears) to 59 1% (schizophrenia) compared with 18 3% of adults with no such illness Smoking prevalence increased with the number of comorbid mental illnesses Cessation attempts among persons with diagnosed mental illness or serious psychological distress were comparable to attempts among adults without mental illnesses or distress however lower quit ratios were observed among adults with these diagnoses indicating lower success in quitting Conclusions The prevalence of current smoking was higher among persons with mental illnesses than among adults without mental illnesses Our findings stress the need for prevention and cessation efforts targeting adults with mental illnesses (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2464-2472 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2009 188136) C1 [McClave, Annette K.; Davis, Shane P.; Dube, Shanta R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Eily, Lela R. McKnight] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McClave, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Regan, Annette/0000-0002-3879-6193 NR 47 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2464 EP 2472 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.188136 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300030 PM 20966369 ER PT J AU Pevzner, ES Robison, S Donovan, J Allis, D Spitters, C Friedman, R Ijaz, K Oeltmann, JE AF Pevzner, Eric S. Robison, Susan Donovan, Jenny Allis, Donna Spitters, Chris Friedman, Rachel Ijaz, Kashef Oeltmann, John E. TI Tuberculosis Transmission and Use of Methamphetamines in Snohomish County, WA, 1991-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANT; OUTCOMES AB Objectives We investigated a cluster of tuberculosis (TB) cases among persons using methamphetamines in Snohomish County Washington to determine the extent of the outbreak examine whether methamphetamine use contributed to TB transmission and implement strategies to prevent further infections Methods We screened contacts to find and treat persons with TB disease or infection We then formed a multidisciplinary team to engage substance abuse services partners and implement outreach strategies including novel methods for finding contacts and a system of incentives and enablers to promote finding screening and treating patients with TB and their infected contacts Results We diagnosed and completed treatment with 10 persons with TB disease Eight of 9 adult patients and 67% of their adult contacts reported using methamphetamines Of the 372 contacts 319 (85 8%) were screened 80 (25 1%) were infected 71 (88 8%) started treatment for latent infection and 57 (80 3%) completed treatment for latent infection Conclusions Collaborative approaches integrating TB control outreach in centives and enablers resulted in high rates of treatment adherence and completion among patients and infected contacts TB control programs should collaborate with substance abuse programs to address addiction overcome substance abuse-related barriers to treatment treat TB and prevent ongoing transmission (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2481-2486 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2009 162388) C1 [Pevzner, Eric S.; Friedman, Rachel; Ijaz, Kashef; Oeltmann, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Robison, Susan; Donovan, Jenny; Allis, Donna] Snohomish Hlth Dist, Everett, WA USA. [Spitters, Chris] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. RP Pevzner, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2481 EP 2486 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.162388 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300032 PM 20167896 ER PT J AU Howell, E Decker, S Hogan, S Yemane, A Foster, J AF Howell, Embry Decker, Sandy Hogan, Sara Yemane, Alshadye Foster, Jonay TI Declining Child Mortality and Continuing Racial Disparities in the Era of the Medicaid and SCHIP Insurance Coverage Expansions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; CARE; TRENDS; US; 20TH-CENTURY; HOMICIDE; INJURIES; OUTCOMES AB Objectives We investigated trends in national childhood mortality racial disparities in child mortality and the effect of Medicaid and State Children s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) eligibility expansions on child mortality Methods We analyzed child mortality by state race and age using the National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death files over 20 years from 1985 to 2004 Results Child mortality continued to decline in the United States but racial disparities in mortality remained Declines in child mortality (ages 1-17 years) were substantial for both natural (disease related) and external (injuries, homicide and suicide) causes for children of all races/ethnicities although Black-White mortality ratios remained unchanged during the study period Expanded Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility was significantly related to the decline in external cause mortality the relationship between natural cause mortality and Medicaid or SCHIP eligibility remains unclear Eligibility expansions did not affect relative racial disparities in child mortality Conclusions Although the study provides some evidence that public insurance expansions reduce child mortality future research is needed on the effect of new health insurance on child health and on factors causing relative racial disparities (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2500-2506 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2009 184622) C1 [Howell, Embry; Hogan, Sara; Yemane, Alshadye] Urban Inst, Ctr Hlth Policy, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Decker, Sandy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Howell, E (reprint author), Urban Inst, Ctr Hlth Policy, 2100 M St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. FU Urban Institute; Ford Foundation FX This article was funded with institutional support horn the Urban Institute as well as funding from the Ford Foundation to acquire the mortality and population data, create rates and conduct initial data analysis NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2500 EP 2506 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.184622 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300035 PM 21068421 ER PT J AU Masanja, MI McMorrow, M Kahigwa, E Kachur, SP McElroy, PD AF Masanja, M. Irene McMorrow, Meredith Kahigwa, Elizeus Kachur, S. Patrick McElroy, Peter D. TI Health Workers' Use of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) to Guide Clinical Decision Making in Rural Dispensaries, Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; FEBRILE ILLNESS; MICROSCOPY; AREA AB Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were developed as an alternative to microscopy for malaria diagnosis. The RDTs detect malaria parasite antigen(s) in whole blood with high sensitivity and specificity. We assessed health worker malaria treatment practices after the introduction of RDTs in peripheral health facilities without microscopy. From December 2007 to October 2008, we introduced histidine-rich protein II (HRP-2)-based ParaHIT RDTs for routine use in 12 health facilities in Rufiji District, Tanzania. Health workers received training on how to perform RDTs for patients 5 years of age or older with fever or suspected malaria. Children < 5 years of age were to be treated empirically per national guidelines. Among the 30,195 patients seen at these 12 health facilities, 10,737 (35.6%) were tested with an RDT for malaria. 88.3% (9,405/10,648) of tested patients reported fever or history of fever and 2.7% (289/10,677) of all tested individuals were children <5 years of age. The RDT results were recorded for 10,650 patients (99.2%). Among the 5,488 (51.5%) RDT-positive patients, 5,256(98.6%) were treated with an appropriate first-line antimalarial per national guidelines (artemether-lumefantrine or quinine). Among the 5,162 RDT-negative patients, only 205 (4.0%) were treated with an antimalarial. Other reported treatments included antibiotics and antipyretics. Implementation of RDTs in rural health facilities resulted in high adherence to national treatment guidelines. Patients testing negative by RDT were rarely treated with antimalarials. Unapproved antimalarials were seldom used. Health workers continued to follow guidelines for the empiric treatment of febrile children. C1 [Masanja, M. Irene; Kahigwa, Elizeus] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [McMorrow, Meredith; Kachur, S. Patrick] US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. [McMorrow, Meredith; Kachur, S. Patrick; McElroy, Peter D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMorrow, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM imasanja@ihi.or.tz; m_mcmorrow@cdc.gov; ekahigwa@yahoo.com; spkO@cdc.gov; mcelroyp@tz.cdc.gov FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) FX This work was financially supported by a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI). NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1238 EP 1241 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0194 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 697RX UT WOS:000285534900012 PM 21118927 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CF Sethi, V Petrol, AE Kazmierczak, J Erickson, BR Nichol, ST Rollin, PE Davis, JP AF Nielsen, Carrie F. Sethi, Vishal Petrol, Andrew E. Kazmierczak, James Erickson, Bobbie R. Nichol, Stuart T. Rollin, Pierre E. Davis, Jeffrey P. TI Seoul Virus Infection in a Wisconsin Patient with Recent Travel to China, March 2009: First Documented Case in the Midwestern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; DISEASE; BALTIMORE; MARYLAND; RATS AB Diagnosis of Seoul virus-associated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases among United States residents is rare. We describe confirmation of a Seoul virus infection in a 36-year-old scientist who worked with laboratory rats in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but most likely acquired the infection during a trip to Shenyang, China. C1 [Nielsen, Carrie F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidem Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sethi, Vishal; Petrol, Andrew E.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Kazmierczak, James; Davis, Jeffrey P.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Erickson, Bobbie R.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nielsen, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidem Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CNielsen@cdc.gov; vsethi@mcw.edu; apetroll@mcw.edu; James.Kazmierczak@wisconsin.gov; bee2@cdc.gov; stn1@cdc.gov; pyr3@cdc.gov; Jeffrey.Davis@wisconsin.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1266 EP 1268 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0424 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 697RX UT WOS:000285534900018 PM 21118933 ER PT J AU Sheth, AN Russo, ET Menon, M Wannemuehler, K Weinger, M Kudzala, AC Tauzie, B Masuku, HD Msowoya, TE Quick, R AF Sheth, Anandi N. Russo, Elizabeth T. Menon, Manoj Wannemuehler, Kathleen Weinger, Merri Kudzala, Amose C. Tauzie, Blessius Masuku, Humphreys D. Msowoya, Tapona E. Quick, Robert TI Impact of the Integration of Water Treatment and Handwashing Incentives with Antenatal Services on Hygiene Practices of Pregnant Women in Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POINT-OF-USE; DRINKING-WATER; WESTERN KENYA; INTERVENTION; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; QUALITY; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; COLLECTION AB Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are important for reducing morbidity and mortality from diarrhea. We surveyed 330 pregnant women who participated in an antenatal clinic-based intervention in Malawi that promoted water treatment and hygiene through distribution of water storage containers, sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution, soap, and educational messages. Program participants were more likely to know correct water treatment procedures (62% versus 27%, P < 0.0001), chlorinate drinking water (61% versus 1%, P < 0.0001), demonstrate correct handwashing practices (68% versus 22%, P < 0.0001), and purchase water treatment solution after free distribution (32% versus 1%, P < 0.0001). Among participants, 72% had at least three antenatal visits, 76% delivered in a health facility, and 54% had a postnatal check. This antenatal-clinic-based program is an effective new strategy for promoting water treatment and hygiene behaviors among pregnant women. Participants had high use of antenatal, delivery, and postnatal services, which could improve maternal and child health. C1 [Sheth, Anandi N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weinger, Merri] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Masuku, Humphreys D.] Govt Malawi Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. United Nations Childrens Fund Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kudzala, Amose C.; Tauzie, Blessius; Msowoya, Tapona E.] United Natl Childrens Fund, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Sheth, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asheth@cdc.gov; erusso@cdc.gov; mmenon@cdc.gov; kpw9@cdc.gov; mweinger@usaid.gov; akudzala@unicef.org; btauzie@unicef.org; dzanjom@yahoo.co.uk; tmsowoya@unicef.org; rquick@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development FX We thank the following individuals in the Blantyre and Salim District Health Offices for their leadership: Paul Chunga, Young Samanyika, Kondwani M'manga, Loncy Sajeni, and Jean Kachala. We appreciate the diligent staff members of the following health centers, which made the successes of this program possible: Bangwe, Chileka, Chilomoni, Chinguluwe, Chipoka, Dziwe, Khombedza, Lirangwe, Lundu, Maganga, Makioni. Mpemba, Mtchoka, South Lunzu, and Salima district hospital. We are grateful to our team of enumerators whose hard work enabled us to document this program's impact. Finally, we thank the many women whose gracious participation made the evaluation possible. This project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1321 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0211 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 697RX UT WOS:000285534900027 PM 21118942 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Ruiz-Tiben, E Korkor, AS Roy, SL Downs, P AF Eberhard, Mark L. Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto Korkor, Andrew S. Roy, Sharon L. Downs, Philip TI Case Report: Emergence of Onchocerca volvulus from Skin Mimicking Dracunculiasis medinensis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GUINEA WORM DISEASE AB We describe 11 cases of suspected Dracunculus medinensis infection in which the worm recovered was identified as Onchocerca volvulus. Identification was based on morphology of the examined specimen. C1 [Eberhard, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Dracunculiasis Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Korkor, Andrew S.] Ghana Hlth Serv, Ghana Guinea Worm Eradicat Programme, Minist Hlth, Tamale, Ghana. [Roy, Sharon L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Downs, Philip] RTI Int, Neglected Trop Dis Program, Ctr Int Hlth, Int Dev Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM meberhard@cdc.gov; eruizti@emory.edu; seidu.korkor@ghsmail.org; str2@cdc.gov; pdowns@rti.org NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1351 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0475 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 697RX UT WOS:000285534900032 PM 21118947 ER PT J AU Chuturkova, R Iossifova, Y Clark, S AF Chuturkova, Rozalina Iossifova, Yulia Clark, Scott TI DECREASE IN AMBIENT AIR LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN VARNA, BULGARIA, ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF UNLEADED GASOLINE SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air lead; Bulgaria; environmental monitoring; gasoline; policy; programme effectiveness; traffic ID EMISSIONS; EUROPE; EXPOSURE AB An examination of ambient air lead monitoring data was used to demonstrate success of banning the import and use of leaded gasoline in Bulgaria. From 1996-2007 air lead levels in Varna, the third largest city, decreased up to 63-fold. C1 [Clark, Scott] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. [Chuturkova, Rozalina] Tech Univ Varna, Dept Ecol & Marine Sci, Varna, Bulgaria. [Iossifova, Yulia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clark, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Reading Campus,ML 0505, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. EM clarkcs@ucmail.uc.edu FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education; Research Center at the University of Cincinnati [T42/CCT510420] FX This research was partly supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Research Center at the University of Cincinnati Grant #T42/CCT510420. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 259 EP 261 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 705TG UT WOS:000286160200010 PM 21186768 ER PT J AU Zimbeck, AJ Iqbal, N Ahlquist, AM Farley, MM Harrison, LH Chiller, T Lockhart, SR AF Zimbeck, Alicia J. Iqbal, Naureen Ahlquist, Angela M. Farley, Monica M. Harrison, Lee H. Chiller, Tom Lockhart, Shawn R. TI FKS Mutations and Elevated Echinocandin MIC Values among Candida glabrata Isolates from U.S. Population-Based Surveillance SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; CASPOFUNGIN RESISTANCE; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALBICANS; ANTIFUNGAL; ANIDULAFUNGIN; IDENTIFICATION; ESOPHAGITIS; MICAFUNGIN; SECONDARY AB Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia in the United States. Its high-level resistance to triazole antifungal drugs has led to the increased use of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents for primary therapy of these infections. We monitored C. glabrata bloodstream isolates from a population-based surveillance study for elevated echinocandin MIC values (MICs of >= 0.25 mu g/ml). From the 490 C. glabrata isolates that were screened, we identified 16 isolates with an elevated MIC value (2.9% of isolates from Atlanta and 2.0% of isolates from Baltimore) for one or more of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. All of the isolates with elevated MIC values had a mutation in the previously identified hot spot 1 of either the glucan synthase FKS1 (n = 2) or FKS2 (n = 14) gene. No mutations were detected in hot spot 2 of either FKS1 or FKS2. The predominant mutation was mutation of FKS2-encoded serine 663 to proline (S663P), found in 10 of the isolates with elevated echinocandin MICs. Two of the mutations, R631G for FKS1 and R665G for FKS2, have not been reported previously for C. glabrata. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that the predominance of the S663P mutation was not due to the clonal spread of a single sequence type. With a rising number of echinocandin therapy failures reported, it is important to continue to monitor rates of elevated echinocandin MIC values and the associated mutations. C1 [Zimbeck, Alicia J.; Iqbal, Naureen; Ahlquist, Angela M.; Chiller, Tom; Lockhart, Shawn R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ahlquist, Angela M.] Atlanta Resource & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lockhart, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gyi2@cdc.gov FU Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) FX A.J.Z. was supported by the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL). NR 38 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 12 BP 5042 EP 5047 DI 10.1128/AAC.00836-10 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 679JP UT WOS:000284158000012 PM 20837754 ER PT J AU Gundi, VAKB Kosoy, MY Myint, KSA Shrestha, SK Shrestha, MP Pavlin, JA Gibbons, RV AF Gundi, Vijay A. K. B. Kosoy, Michael Y. Myint, Khin S. A. Shrestha, Sanjaya K. Shrestha, Mrigendra P. Pavlin, Julie A. Gibbons, Robert V. TI Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Bartonella Species Detected in Different Tissues of Small Mammals in Nepal SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DETECTION; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; SOUTHERN CHINA; SP-NOV; RODENTS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; THAILAND; STRAINS; SPP. AB Bartonellae were detected in a total of 152 (23.7%) of 642 tissues from 108 (48.4%) of 223 small mammals trapped in several urban areas of Nepal. Based on rpoB and gltA sequence analyses, genotypes belonging to seven known Bartonella species and five genotypes not belonging to previously known species were identified in these animals. C1 [Gundi, Vijay A. K. B.; Kosoy, Michael Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Myint, Khin S. A.; Gibbons, Robert V.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Shrestha, Sanjaya K.; Shrestha, Mrigendra P.] Walter Reed Armed Forces Res Inst, Med Sci Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Global Emerging Infect, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,Foothills Res Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM MKosoy@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID); Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported in part by the appointment of Vijay A. K. B. Gundi to the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship Program, administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and funded by the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 76 IS 24 BP 8247 EP 8254 DI 10.1128/AEM.01180-10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 688VO UT WOS:000284882800043 PM 21037303 ER PT J AU Rothman, EF Johnson, RM Azrael, D Hall, DM Weinberg, J AF Rothman, Emily F. Johnson, Renee M. Azrael, Deborah Hall, Diane M. Weinberg, Janice TI Perpetration of Physical Assault Against Dating Partners, Peers, and Siblings Among a Locally Representative Sample of High School Students in Boston, Massachusetts SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIOLENCE VICTIMIZATION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; AGGRESSION; ADOLESCENTS; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIORS; CONFLICT; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To assess the co-occurrence of past-month physical assault of a dating partner and violence against peers and siblings among a locally representative sample of high school students and to explore correlates of dating violence (DV) perpetration. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Twenty-two public high schools in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants: A sample of urban high school students (n = 1398) who participated in the Boston Youth Survey, implemented January through April of 2008. Main Outcomes Measures: Self-reported physical DV in the month before the survey, defined as pushing, shoving, slapping, hitting, punching, kicking, or choking a dating partner 1 or more times. Results: Among the respondents, 18.7%, 41.2%, and 31.2% of students reported past-month perpetration of physical DV, peer violence, and sibling violence, respectively. Among violence perpetrators, the perpetration of DV only was rare (7.9%). Controlling for age and school, the association between sibling violence and DV was strong for boys (adjusted prevalence ratio, 3.81; 95% confidence interval, 2.07-6.99) and for girls (1.83; 1.44-2.31), and the association between peer violence and DV perpetration was strong for boys(5.13; 3.15-8.35) and for girls (2.57; 1.87-3.52). Dating violence perpetration was also associated with substance use, knife carrying, delinquency, and exposure to community violence. Conclusions: Adolescents who perpetrated physical DV were also likely to have perpetrated peer and/or sibling violence. Dating violence is likely one of many co-occurring adolescent problem behaviors, including sibling and peer violence perpetration, substance use, weapon carrying, and academic problems. C1 [Rothman, Emily F.] Boston Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Crosstown Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Azrael, Deborah] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hall, Diane M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rothman, EF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Crosstown Ctr, 801 Massachusetts Ave,Floor 3, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM erothman@bu.edu RI Johnson, Renee/D-1142-2012 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U49-CE00740]; National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) [1K01AA017630-01A1]; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [R03DA025823]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) FX This study was supported in part by grant U49-CE00740 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), grant 1K01AA017630-01A1 from the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA), grant R03DA025823 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) New Connections program. NR 52 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 12 BP 1118 EP 1124 DI 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.229 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 690MW UT WOS:000285009900011 PM 21135340 ER PT J AU Gidengil, CA Dutta-Linn, MM Messonnier, ML Rusinak, D Lieu, TA AF Gidengil, Courtney A. Dutta-Linn, M. Maya Messonnier, Mark L. Rusinak, Donna Lieu, Tracy A. TI Financial Barriers to the Adoption of Combination Vaccines by Pediatricians SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATIONS; PERSPECTIVES; VACCINATION; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIAN; RATES AB Objectives: To describe the prevalence of combination vaccine use and the associated financial barriers faced by pediatric practices, and to identify determinants of adoption of combination vaccines. Design: Mailed national survey. Setting: Pediatric practices during the period from August through October 2008. Participants: Pediatricians randomly selected from the American Medical Association Masterfile. Main Outcome Measure: Use of 1 of 2 infant combination vaccines (the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, hepatitis B virus, and inactivated poliovirus [DTaP-HepB-IPV] vaccine or the DTaP, IPV, and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaP-IPV/Hib] vaccine). Results: We received 629 responses (response rate, 67%). Four hundred ninety-two pediatricians (78%) reported using 1 or both of the infant combination vaccines of interest (ie, the DTaP-HepB-IPV or DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine). More than half of the respondents said their practice did not receive adequate reimbursement for the purchase and administration of vaccines in general. More than one-fifth reported not using 1 or more of the combination vaccines because of inadequate reimbursement for the cost of vaccine doses (23% of respondents) and/or vaccine administration (20% of respondents). The infant combination vaccines studied were less likely to be used by smaller practices, by those with a lower proportion of publicly insured patients, and by those with less inclusive state vaccine financing policies. Conclusions: One in 5 pediatricians reported that inadequate reimbursement prevented their using 1 or more combination vaccines. Practice size as well as the proportion of children whose vaccinations are paid for by public funds appear to be important determinants of the adoption of combination vaccines. C1 [Gidengil, Courtney A.] RAND Corp, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gidengil, Courtney A.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Harvard Pediat Hlth Serv Res Fellowship, Boston, MA USA. [Dutta-Linn, M. Maya; Rusinak, Donna; Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care Inst, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gidengil, Courtney A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Lieu, Tracy A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Messonnier, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gidengil, CA (reprint author), RAND Corp, 20 Pk Plaza,Ste 720, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM gidengil@rand.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases [U01 IP000143-01]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [T32 HS000063-13] FX This study was funded by cooperative agreement U01 IP000143-01 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Dr Gidengil was supported by grant T32 HS000063-13 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality through the Harvard Pediatric Health Services Research Fellowship Program. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 12 BP 1138 EP 1144 DI 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.222 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 690MW UT WOS:000285009900014 PM 21135343 ER PT J AU Ang, JY Lua, JL Asmar, BI Shankaran, S Heyne, RJ Schelonka, RL Das, A Li, L Jackson, DM Higgins, RD D'Angio, CT AF Ang, Jocelyn Y. Lua, Jorge L. Asmar, Basim I. Shankaran, Seetha Heyne, Roy J. Schelonka, Robert L. Das, Abhik Li, Lei Jackson, Delois M. Higgins, Rosemary D. D'Angio, Carl T. CA Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst C TI Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants After Administration of Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNOGENICITY C1 [Ang, Jocelyn Y.; Asmar, Basim I.] Wayne State Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Lua, Jorge L.; Shankaran, Seetha] Wayne State Univ, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Heyne, Roy J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Schelonka, Robert L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Das, Abhik] Res Triangle Inst Int, Stat & Epidemiol Unit, Rockville, MD USA. [Li, Lei] Res Triangle Inst Int, Stat & Epidemiol Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jackson, Delois M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Higgins, Rosemary D.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [D'Angio, Carl T.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med,Strong Childrens Res C, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Ang, JY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Childrens Hosp Michigan,Sch Med, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM jang@med.wayne.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000044, M01 RR000633-35, M01 RR000044-45, M01 RR000032-45]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD36790, U10 HD040521, U10 HD021385, U10 HD040689, U10 HD036790, U10 HD40689, U10 HD040689-12, U10 HD034216-15, U10 HD040521-05, U01 HD036790, U10 HD21385, U10 HD036790-15, U10 HD40521, U10 HD34216, U10 HD034216, U10 HD021385-27] NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 12 BP 1173 EP 1175 DI 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.233 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 690MW UT WOS:000285009900023 PM 21135351 ER PT J AU Kuhn, JH Becker, S Ebihara, H Geisbert, TW Johnson, KM Kawaoka, Y Lipkin, WI Negredo, AI Netesov, SV Nichol, ST Palacios, G Peters, CJ Tenorio, A Volchkov, VE Jahrling, PB AF Kuhn, Jens H. Becker, Stephan Ebihara, Hideki Geisbert, Thomas W. Johnson, Karl M. Kawaoka, Yoshihiro Lipkin, W. Ian Negredo, Ana I. Netesov, Sergey V. Nichol, Stuart T. Palacios, Gustavo Peters, Clarence J. Tenorio, Antonio Volchkov, Viktor E. Jahrling, Peter B. TI Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EBOLA-VIRUS; MARBURG-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ORDER MONONEGAVIRALES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; SPECIES NAMES; L-GENE; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN AB The taxonomy of the family Filoviridae (marburgviruses and ebolaviruses) has changed several times since the discovery of its members, resulting in a plethora of species and virus names and abbreviations. The current taxonomy has only been partially accepted by most laboratory virologists. Confusion likely arose for several reasons: species names that consist of several words or which (should) contain diacritical marks, the current orthographic identity of species and virus names, and the similar pronunciation of several virus abbreviations in the absence of guidance for the correct use of vernacular names. To rectify this problem, we suggest (1) to retain the current species names Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus, but to replace the name Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus [sic] with Ta < Forest ebolavirus and Lake Victoria marburgvirus with Marburg marburgvirus; (2) to revert the virus names of the type marburgviruses and ebolaviruses to those used for decades in the field (Marburg virus instead of Lake Victoria marburgvirus and Ebola virus instead of Zaire ebolavirus); (3) to introduce names for the remaining viruses reminiscent of jargon used by laboratory virologists but nevertheless different from species names (Reston virus, Sudan virus, Ta < Forest virus), and (4) to introduce distinct abbreviations for the individual viruses (RESTV for Reston virus, SUDV for Sudan virus, and TAFV for Ta < Forest virus), while retaining that for Marburg virus (MARV) and reintroducing that used over decades for Ebola virus (EBOV). Paying tribute to developments in the field, we propose (a) to create a new ebolavirus species (Bundibugyo ebolavirus) for one member virus (Bundibugyo virus, BDBV); (b) to assign a second virus to the species Marburg marburgvirus (Ravn virus, RAVV) for better reflection of now available high-resolution phylogeny; and (c) to create a new tentative genus (Cuevavirus) with one tentative species (Lloviu cuevavirus) for the recently discovered Lloviu virus (LLOV). Furthermore, we explain the etymological derivation of individual names, their pronunciation, and their correct use, and we elaborate on demarcation criteria for each taxon and virus. C1 [Kuhn, Jens H.; Jahrling, Peter B.] NIAID, Integrated Res Facil Ft Detrick IRF Frederick, Div Clin Res DCR, NIH,NIBC, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Kuhn, Jens H.] Tunnell Consulting Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Becker, Stephan] Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. [Ebihara, Hideki] NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Integrated Res Facil, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Geisbert, Thomas W.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston Natl Lab, Galveston, TX USA. [Johnson, Karl M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kawaoka, Yoshihiro] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lipkin, W. Ian; Palacios, Gustavo] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY USA. [Negredo, Ana I.; Tenorio, Antonio] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid, Spain. [Netesov, Sergey V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peters, Clarence J.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX USA. [Volchkov, Viktor E.] Univ Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Filovirus Inserm U758, Lyon, France. RP Kuhn, JH (reprint author), NIAID, Integrated Res Facil Ft Detrick IRF Frederick, Div Clin Res DCR, NIH,NIBC, B-8200 Res Plaza, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov RI Kuhn, Jens H./B-7615-2011; Netesov, Sergey/A-3751-2013; Volchkov, Viktor/M-7846-2014; Becker, Stephan/A-1065-2010; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Kuhn, Jens H./0000-0002-7800-6045; Netesov, Sergey/0000-0002-7786-2464; Volchkov, Viktor/0000-0001-7896-8706; Becker, Stephan/0000-0002-2794-5659; Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AI999999, ZIA AI001025-03] NR 74 TC 175 Z9 190 U1 8 U2 42 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 155 IS 12 BP 2083 EP 2103 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x PG 21 WC Virology SC Virology GA 681QD UT WOS:000284331000023 PM 21046175 ER PT J AU Kosoy, MY AF Kosoy, M. Ye. TI Ecological Associations between Bacteria of the Genus Bartonella and Mammals SO BIOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SP-NOV; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; HENSELAE ANTIBODY; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; PRAIRIE DOGS; WILD RODENTS; COMB-NOV; INFECTION; PREVALENCE AB Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are facultative intracellular parasites associated with erythrocytes and endothelial cells of mammals. It has become increasingly obvious that bartonellae are highly adapted to a wide variety of mammals. The present paper reviews associations between Bartonella species and rodents, insectivores, bats, predators, ungulates, and marine mammals. We now have new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of bartonellae. These bacteria usually persist in the bodies of certain mammalian species serving as their reservoir hosts, without causing a disease. When bartonellae accidentally infect other mammals, including humans, they may be responsible for a spectrum of different diseases. Several mammalian species are reservoir hosts for Bartonella species that have been identified as pathogenic for humans. C1 [Kosoy, M. Ye.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM MKosoy@cdc.gov NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1062-3590 J9 BIOL BULL+ JI Biol. Bull PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 7 BP 716 EP 724 DI 10.1134/S1062359010070071 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 709FS UT WOS:000286423900007 ER PT J AU Yang, GH Li, QA Wang, CX Hsia, J Yang, Y Xiao, L Yang, J Zhao, LH Zhang, JA Xie, L AF Yang, Gong-Huan Li, Qiang Wang, Cong-Xiao Hsia, Jason Yang, Yan Xiao, Lin Yang, Jie Zhao, Lu-Hua Zhang, Jian Xie, Li TI Findings from 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Implementation of MPOWER Policy in China SO BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tobacco control; Implementation of FCTC; MPOWER policies China AB Objective To assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies in China: protection from second-hand smoke (SHS); offering help to quit; health warnings regarding tobacco use; the enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and increasing tobacco taxes and prices. Methods Using 2010 Global Adults Tobacco Survey in China (GATS-China), 10 indicators are used to assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies of MPOWER in China. Results Overall, 63.3% and 72.7% of adultsnoticed people smoking indoor workplaces and public places, respectively. Approximately 60% of smokers were not asked about their smoking habits and approximately 67% were not advised to quit on their visit to a health worker. Sixty percent of adults noticed health warning messages on cigarette packaging and in the media in the last 30 days, 63.6% stated that they would not consider quitting. Twenty percent of respondents noticed tobacco advertising, promotion, and/or sponsorship activities in the 30 days prior to the survey. Among them, 76.3% noticed the direct advertising and 50% noticed from TV programs. Although purchasing price of one pack of cigarettes ranged from 1 to 200 RMB, 50% of current smokers (about 150 million) spent 5 RMB or less on one pack of cigarette. The expenditure on 100 packets of cigarettes represents 2% of 2009 GDP per capita. Conclusion The average score for the implementation of the 5 policies of MPOWER in China is 37.3 points, indicating tobacco control policies in China is poor and there is a large gaps from the FCTC requirements. C1 [Yang, Gong-Huan; Li, Qiang; Wang, Cong-Xiao; Yang, Yan; Xiao, Lin; Yang, Jie; Zhang, Jian; Xie, Li] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Hsia, Jason; Zhao, Lu-Hua] Us Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, GH (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM Yangghuan@vip.sina.com FU Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Center for Disease Control Foundation; World Health Organization (WHO); [HQTF1081955] FX This research was supported by Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Center for Disease Control Foundation and World Health Organization (WHO). Project No: HQTF1081955. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU CHINESE ACAD PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PI ORLANDO PA C/O ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 6277 SEA HARBOR DR, ORLANDO, FL 32887-4900 USA SN 0895-3988 J9 BIOMED ENVIRON SCI JI Biomed. Environ. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0895-3988(11)60002-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 710UM UT WOS:000286542500002 PM 21315239 ER PT J AU Hsia, J Yang, GH Li, QA Xiao, L Yang, Y Wu, YW Asma, S AF Hsia, Jason Yang, Gong-Huan Li, Qiang Xiao, Lin Yang, Yan Wu, Yan-Wei Asma, Samira TI Methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in China, 2010 SO BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 [Hsia, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yang, Gong-Huan; Li, Qiang; Xiao, Lin; Yang, Yan] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Tobacco Control Off, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Li, Qiang] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wu, Yan-Wei] World Hlth Org Country Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hsia, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JHsia@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINESE ACAD PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PI ORLANDO PA C/O ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 6277 SEA HARBOR DR, ORLANDO, FL 32887-4900 USA SN 0895-3988 J9 BIOMED ENVIRON SCI JI Biomed. Environ. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1016/S0895-3988(11)60005-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 710UM UT WOS:000286542500005 PM 21315242 ER PT J AU Reutter, D Schutzer, SE Craft, CM Fletcher, J Fricke, FL Holowachuk, SA Johnson, RC Keim, PS Pearson, JL Sibert, RW Velsko, S AF Reutter, Dennis Schutzer, Steven E. Craft, Charles M. Fletcher, Jacqueline Fricke, Frederick L. Holowachuk, Scott A. Johnson, Rudolph C. Keim, Paul S. Pearson, James L. Sibert, Robert W. Velsko, Steve TI PLANNING FOR EXERCISES OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR (CBRN) FORENSIC CAPABILITIES SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM; PREPAREDNESS; TOPOFF AB A forensic capability to help identify perpetrators and exclude innocent people should be an integral part of a strategy against terrorist attacks. Exercises have been conducted to increase our preparedness and response capabilities to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorist attacks. However, incorporating forensic components into these exercises has been deficient. CBRN investigations rely on forensic results, so the need to integrate a forensic component and forensics experts into comprehensive exercises is paramount. This article provides guidance for planning and executing exercises at local, state, federal, and international levels that test the effectiveness of forensic capabilities for CBRN threats. The guidelines presented here apply both to situations where forensics is only a component of a more general exercise and where forensics is the primary focus of the exercise. C1 [Reutter, Dennis] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Schutzer, Steven E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Craft, Charles M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fletcher, Jacqueline] Oklahoma State Univ, Natl Inst Microbial Forens & Food & Agr Biosecur, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fricke, Frederick L.] US FDA, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Holowachuk, Scott A.] Def Res & Dev Canada, Dept Natl Def, Forens Grp, Operat Support Sect, Suffield, AB, Canada. [Johnson, Rudolph C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chem Terrorism Method Dev Grp, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Pearson, James L.] Virginia Dept Gen Serv, DCLS, Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. [Sibert, Robert W.] Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Chem Forens Program, Washington, DC USA. [Velsko, Steve] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Global Secur Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Reutter, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808,L-091, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reutter1@llnl.gov RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1089/bsp.2010.0023 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 692WO UT WOS:000285186800006 PM 21142761 ER PT J AU Correa, A Kirby, RS AF Correa, Adolfo Kirby, Russell S. TI An Expanded Public Health Role for Birth Defects Surveillance SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; DOWN-SYNDROME; FOLIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; 1ST-YEAR SURVIVAL C1 [Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM acorrea@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 SI SI BP 1004 EP 1007 DI 10.1002/bdra.20730 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 695TT UT WOS:000285396200002 PM 20878911 ER PT J AU Parker, SE Mai, CT Canfield, MA Rickard, R Wang, Y Meyer, RE Anderson, P Mason, CA Collins, JS Kirby, RS Correa, A AF Parker, Samantha E. Mai, Cara T. Canfield, Mark A. Rickard, Russel Wang, Ying Meyer, Robert E. Anderson, Patrick Mason, Craig A. Collins, Julianne S. Kirby, Russell S. Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Netw TI Updated National Birth Prevalence Estimates for Selected Birth Defects in the United States, 2004-2006 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; surveillance; prevalence; national estimates; United States ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; SPINA-BIFIDA; ELECTIVE TERMINATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; FOLIC-ACID; GASTROSCHISIS AB BACKGROUND: The National Birth Defects Prevention Network collects state-specific birth defects surveillance data for annual publication of prevalence estimates and collaborative research projects. In 2006, data for 21 birth defects from 1999 through 2001 were presented as national birth prevalence estimates. The purpose of this report was to update these estimates using data from 2004 through 2006. METHODS: Population-based data from 11 active case-finding programs, 6 passive case-finding programs with case confirmation, and 7 passive programs without case confirmation were used in this analysis. Pooled birth prevalence estimates for 21 birth defects, stratified by case ascertainment approach, were calculated. National prevalence estimates, adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity and maternal age (trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome only) were determined using data from 14 programs. The impact of pregnancy outcomes on prevalence estimates was also assessed for five specific defects. RESULTS: National birth defects prevalence estimates ranged from 0.72 per 10,000 live births for common truncus to 14.47 per 10,000 live births for Down syndrome. Stratification by type of surveillance system showed that active programs had a higher prevalence of anencephaly, anophthalmia/microphthalmia, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, reduction defect of upper limbs, and trisomy 18. The birth prevalence of anencephaly, trisomy 13, and trisomy 18 also varied substantially with inclusion of elective terminations. CONCLUSION: Accurate and timely national estimates of the prevalence of birth defects are needed for monitoring trends, assessing prevention efforts, determining service planning, and understanding the burden of disease due to birth defects in the United States. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 88: 1008-1016, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Parker, Samantha E.; Mai, Cara T.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parker, Samantha E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Canfield, Mark A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Rickard, Russel] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Wang, Ying] New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Meyer, Robert E.] State Ctr Hlth Stat, N Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Anderson, Patrick] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. [Mason, Craig A.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Collins, Julianne S.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Mai, CT (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmai@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-7193-077X NR 35 TC 408 Z9 412 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 SI SI BP 1008 EP 1016 DI 10.1002/bdra.20735 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 695TT UT WOS:000285396200003 PM 20878909 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Rasmussen, SA Lammer, EJ Ma, C Shaw, GM AF Carmichael, Suzan L. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Lammer, Edward J. Ma, Chen Shaw, Gary M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Craniosynostosis and Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE craniosynostosis; nutrition; folic acid; diet ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; MATERNAL SMOKING; RECALL BIAS; BREAST-CANCER; DIET; RISK; SELECTION; DISEASE; FOLATE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of craniosynostosis with maternal intake of folic acid-containing supplements and dietary nutrients. METHODS: The study included deliveries from 1997 to 2005 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Nonsyndromic infants with craniosynostosis (n = 815) were compared to nonmalformed, population-based liveborn control infants (n = 6789), by estimating adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models that included mother's age, parity, race-ethnicity, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, fertility treatments, plurality, and study center. We compared quartiles of intake and specified nutrients as continuous. RESULTS: Intake of folic acid-containing supplements was not associated with craniosynostosis (AORs were close to 1). Analyses of dietary nutrients were restricted to mothers who took supplements during the first trimester (i.e., most women). Based on continuous specifications of nutrients, sagittal synostosis risk was significantly lower among women with higher intake of riboflavin and vitamins B-6, E, and C; metopic synostosis risk was significantly higher among women with higher intakes of choline and vitamin B-12; and coronal synostosis risk was significantly lower among women with higher intake of methionine and vitamin C. As examples, AORs for sagittal synostosis among women with intakes of vitamin B-6 and riboflavin in the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.6) and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3-0.7), respectively. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that dietary intake of certain nutrients may be associated with craniosynostosis, and results may vary by suture type. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 88: 1032-1039, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Carmichael, Suzan L.; Ma, Chen] March Dimes Fdn, Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lammer, Edward J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. [Shaw, Gary M.] Stanford Univ Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 251 Campus Dr,MC 5415,Off X109B, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM scarmichael@stanford.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU925286]; NIH [R03 DE019521]; University of North Carolina [DK56350] FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers of Excellence Award no. U50/CCU925286 and NIH R03 DE019521. We thank the California Department of Public Health, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Division, for providing surveillance data from California for this study. We also thank the University of North Carolina Epidemiology Core for help with the nutrient database (grant DK56350). NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 SI SI BP 1032 EP 1039 DI 10.1002/bdra.20717 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 695TT UT WOS:000285396200006 PM 20842649 ER PT J AU Caspers, KM Oltean, C Romitti, PA Sun, LX Pober, BR Rasmussen, SA Yang, W Druschel, C AF Caspers, Kristin M. Oltean, Cristiana Romitti, Paul A. Sun, Lixian Pober, Barbara R. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Yang, Wei Druschel, Charlotte CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal Periconceptional Exposure to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; case and control studies; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; pregnancy; smoking ID EVOLVING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; RETINOIC ACID SYNTHESIS; VITAMIN-A; IMPROVED SURVIVAL; HIDDEN MORTALITY; BINGE DRINKING; RISK-FACTOR; POPULATION; MALFORMATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major birth defect that occurs when abdominal organs herniate through a diaphragmatic opening into the thoracic cavity and is associated with high mortality (>50%). The etiology of CDH is not well understood. METHODS: Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we examined associations between CDH and maternal periconceptional exposure (1 month before through the third month of pregnancy) to cigarette smoking and alcohol. Interview reports of exposures were provided by mothers of CDH (n = 503) and unaffected control (n = 6703) infants delivered from October 1997 through December 2005. Any exposure (yes/no), as well as quantity (average number of cigarettes or drinks), type (active/passive smoking; beer, wine, distilled spirits), and duration (e. g., number of months exposed) were examined. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all CDH cases combined, selected subtypes (Bochdalek, Morgagni, not otherwise specified), and phenotypes (infants with/without additional major birth defects). RESULTS: The aOR for any smoking was nonsignificantly elevated for all CDH cases combined. Odds of any smoking was significant for isolated Bochdalek CDH (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0). The aORs associated with all measures of alcohol consumption were near unity for each CDH category examined. Stratification of smoking exposure by alcohol consumption and stratification of alcohol consumption by smoking exposure did not appreciably change the aORs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identified periconceptional smoking exposure as a potential risk factor for CDH. Future studies need to confirm our findings and explore possible pathways accounting for the teratogenic effect of smoking. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 88: 1040-1049, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Caspers, Kristin M.; Oltean, Cristiana; Romitti, Paul A.; Sun, Lixian] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Pober, Barbara R.] MassGeneral Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yang, Wei] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Druschel, Charlotte] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Romitti, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, C21-E GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM Paul-Romitti@uiowa.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01DD000492] FX This work was funded by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01DD000492). NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 88 IS 12 SI SI BP 1040 EP 1049 DI 10.1002/bdra.20716 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 695TT UT WOS:000285396200007 PM 20842650 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Balluz, LS AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Balluz, Lina S. TI No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Depression; Patient health questionnaire-9 diagnostic algorithm; Vitamin D; Parathyroid hormone ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; GENERAL-POPULATION; D SUPPLEMENTATION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; OLDER-ADULTS; TRIAL; PHQ-9; RISK AB Although there is evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in depression, studies done on the associations have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to examine the associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the presence of depression among US adults. A cross-sectional, population-based sample (including 3916 participants aged >= 20 years) from the 2005-6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 diagnostic algorithm. The associations of 25(OH) D and PTH with depression were explored using multivariate logistic regression models. For all the participants, the age-adjusted prevalence was 5.3 (95% CI 4.3, 6.5)% for having moderate-to-severe depression, 2.3 (95% CI 1.7, 3.1)% for having major depression and 3.8 (95% CI 3.0, 4.6)% for having minor depression. Although the age-adjusted prevalence and the unadjusted OR of having moderate-to-severe depression or major depression decreased linearly with increasing quartiles of 25(OH) D (P<0.05 for trends), no significant associations remained after adjusting for multiple potential confounders such as demographic variables, lifestyle factors and coexistence of a number of chronic conditions. Neither the age-adjusted prevalence nor the OR (unadjusted or adjusted) of having depression differed significantly by the quartiles of PTH. Thus, in contrast to some of the previous findings, the present results did not show significant associations between serum concentrations of 25(OH) D and PTH and the presence of moderate-to-severe depression, major depression or minor depression among US adults. However, these findings need to be further confirmed in future studies. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fwj4@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1696 EP 1702 DI 10.1017/S0007114510002588 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 696TI UT WOS:000285463900016 PM 20642877 ER PT J AU Given, LS Hohman, K La Porta, M Belle-Isle, L Rochester, P AF Given, Leslie S. Hohman, Karin La Porta, Madeline Belle-Isle, Lori Rochester, Phyllis TI Comprehensive cancer control in the United States: progress and opportunity SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Given, Leslie S.] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hohman, Karin] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Arvada, CO USA. [La Porta, Madeline] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Belle-Isle, Lori] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rochester, Phyllis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Given, LS (reprint author), Strateg Hlth Concepts, Atlanta, GA USA. EM leslie@shconcepts.com NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 1965 EP 1965 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9670-y PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600001 PM 21058026 ER PT J AU Rochester, PW Townsend, JS Given, L Krebill, H Balderrama, S Vinson, C AF Rochester, Phyllis W. Townsend, Julie S. Given, Leslie Krebill, Hope Balderrama, Sandra Vinson, Cynthia TI Comprehensive cancer control: progress and accomplishments SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cancer control; Comprehensive cancer control ID MORTALITY; TRENDS AB The potential for Comprehensive Cancer Control (CCC) across the nation has been realized in the last decade with 69 Coalitions developing and implementing CCC plans. Many partners at all levels-national, state, jurisdictional, tribal and communities-have contributed to this success. This article details the contribution of these partners across these various levels, with a selection of the many activities contributing to this success. Consequently the cancer burden, although still of major importance, continues to be addressed in significant ways. Although there are future challenges, CCC coalitions continue to play an important role in addressing the cancer burden. C1 [Rochester, Phyllis W.; Townsend, Julie S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Given, Leslie] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krebill, Hope] Univ Kansas, Ctr Canc, Kansas City, KS USA. [Balderrama, Sandra] Canc Prevent & Res Inst Texas, Houston, TX USA. [Vinson, Cynthia] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rochester, PW (reprint author), POB 191, Pfafftown, NC 27040 USA. EM Phyllis@phyllisrochester.com NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 1967 EP 1977 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9657-8 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600002 PM 21069448 ER PT J AU Hohman, K Rochester, P Kean, T Belle-Isle, L AF Hohman, Karin Rochester, Phyllis Kean, Tom Belle-Isle, Lori TI The CCC National Partnership: an example of organizations collaborating on comprehensive cancer control SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer control; Coalitions; National Partnership AB The landscape of cancer control has changed throughout the past 12 years and continues to change even more so as health reform is implemented in the United States. With the advent of health reform, coalitions, such as comprehensive cancer control (CCC) coalitions, are more important than ever if the intended benefits of reform are to be realized. Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) coalitions in state, tribe, territory, and Pacific Island Jurisdictions are "engines of change" and form a network that can facilitate important cancer control progress throughout this country. Since the onset of CCC efforts, the vitality of this network of coalitions and their sustainability has been the primary focus of a group of national organizations, now known as the Comprehensive Cancer Control National Partnership (CCCNP). The CCCNP is national organizations who come together voluntarily to develop strategies and resources that support implementation of CCC coalition plans across the nation. C1 [Hohman, Karin] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Arvada, CO 80005 USA. [Rochester, Phyllis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kean, Tom] C Change, Washington, DC USA. [Belle-Isle, Lori] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Hohman, K (reprint author), Strateg Hlth Concepts, 14035 W 86th Dr, Arvada, CO 80005 USA. EM Karin@shconcepts.com NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 1979 EP 1985 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9644-0 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600003 PM 20872239 ER PT J AU Given, LS Hohman, K Graaf, L Rochester, P Belle-Isle, L AF Given, Leslie S. Hohman, Karin Graaf, Lorrie Rochester, Phyllis Belle-Isle, Lori TI From planning to implementation to outcomes: comprehensive cancer control implementation building blocks SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer control; Implementation; CCC plans AB Since 2002, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidance for Comprehensive Cancer Control Planning has been an important driver of success in the development of comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans among states, tribes, tribal organizations, territories and Pacific Island Jurisdictions. CDC's Guidance for Comprehensive Cancer Control Planning laid out a number of key action steps, or planning building blocks, that are essential to successful cancer plan development. Now, all 50 states and many tribes, tribal organizations, territories and Pacific Island Jurisdictions are actively implementing their comprehensive cancer control plans. This article describes a new set of key actions aimed at assisting CCC coalitions with systematic implementation of their cancer plan priorities-implementation building blocks for comprehensive cancer control. C1 [Given, Leslie S.] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Roswell, GA 30075 USA. [Hohman, Karin] Strateg Hlth Concepts, Arvada, CO USA. [Graaf, Lorrie] Amer Canc Soc, Midwest Div, Mendota Hts, MN USA. [Rochester, Phyllis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Belle-Isle, Lori] Amer Canc Soc, Natl Home Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Given, LS (reprint author), Strateg Hlth Concepts, 11860 Wexford Club Dr, Roswell, GA 30075 USA. EM leslie@shconcepts.com NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 1987 EP 1994 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9650-2 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600004 PM 20938732 ER PT J AU Behringer, B Lofton, S Knight, ML AF Behringer, Bruce Lofton, Staci Knight, Margaret L. TI Models for local implementation of comprehensive cancer control: meeting local cancer control needs through community collaboration SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer control; Local implementation of state health plans; Cancer coalitions ID CHRONIC DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB The comprehensive cancer control approach is used by state, tribes, tribal organizations, territorial and Pacific Island Jurisdiction cancer coalitions to spur local implementation of cancer plans to reduce the burden of cancer in jurisdictions across the country. There is a rich diversity of models and approaches to the development of relationships and scope of planning for cancer control activities between coalitions and advocates in local communities. The national comprehensive cancer control philosophy provides an operational framework while support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention enables coalitions to act as catalysts to bring local partners together to combat cancer in communities. This manuscript describes multiple characteristics of cancer coalitions and how they are organized. Two models of how coalitions and local partners collaborate are described. A case study method was used to identify how five different state and tribal coalitions use the two models to organize their collaborations with local communities that result in local implementation of cancer plan priorities. Conclusions support the use of multiple organizing models to ensure involvement of diverse interests and sensitivity to local cancer issues that encourages implementation of cancer control activities. C1 [Behringer, Bruce] E Tennessee State Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Lofton, Staci] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Control, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Knight, Margaret L.] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Off Canc Control & Prevent, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Behringer, B (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Box 70712, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM behringe@etsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 1995 EP 2004 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9655-x PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600005 PM 20938731 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Major, A Townsend, JS Provost, E Redwood, D Espey, D Dwyer, D Villanueva, R Larsen, L Rowley, K Leonard, B AF Seeff, Laura C. Major, Anne Townsend, Julie S. Provost, Ellen Redwood, Diana Espey, David Dwyer, Diane Villanueva, Robert Larsen, Leslie Rowley, Kathryn Leonard, Banning TI Comprehensive cancer control programs and coalitions: partnering to launch successful colorectal cancer screening initiatives SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer control; Colorectal cancer ID ALASKA NATIVE POPULATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ENDOSCOPIC CAPACITY; UNITED-STATES AB Colorectal cancer control has long been a focus area for Comprehensive Cancer Control programs and their coalitions, given the high burden of disease and the availability of effective screening interventions. Colorectal cancer control has been a growing priority at the national, state, territorial, tribal, and local level. This paper summarizes several national initiatives and features several Comprehensive Cancer Control Program colorectal cancer control successes. C1 [Seeff, Laura C.; Major, Anne; Townsend, Julie S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Provost, Ellen; Redwood, Diana] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Espey, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Espey, David] Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Dwyer, Diane; Villanueva, Robert] Ctr Canc Surveillance & Control, Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Larsen, Leslie] New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Comprehens Canc Control Program, Albany, NY USA. [Rowley, Kathryn; Leonard, Banning] Utah Dept Hlth, Utah Canc Control Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lseeff@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 2023 EP 2031 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9664-9 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600008 PM 21086035 ER PT J AU Vinson, C La Porta, M Todd, W Palafox, NA Wilson, KM Fairley, T AF Vinson, Cynthia La Porta, Madeline Todd, William Palafox, Neal A. Wilson, Katherine M. Fairley, Temeika TI Research and comprehensive cancer control coalitions SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Dissemination; Implementation; Research; Knowledge transfer; Comprehensive cancer control ID INTERVENTIONS; TRANSLATION AB The goal of cancer control research is "to generate basic knowledge about how to monitor and change individual and collective behavior and to ensure that knowledge is translated into practice and policy rapidly, effectively, and efficiently" (Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences in Cancer control framework and synthese rationale, 2010). Research activities span the cancer control continuum from prevention to early detection and diagnosis through treatment and survivorship (Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences in Cancer control framework and synthese rationale, 2010). While significant advancements have been made in understanding, preventing and treating cancer in the past few decades, these benefits have yielded disproportionate results in cancer morbidity and mortality across various socioeconomic and racial/ethnic subgroups (Ozols et al in J Clin Oncol, 25(1): 146-1622, 2007). It has been a high priority since the beginning of the Comprehensive Cancer Control (CCC) movement to utilize research in the development and implementation of cancer plans in the states, tribes and tribal organizations, territories and US Pacific Island Jurisdictions. Nevertheless, dissemination and implementation of research in coalition activities has been challenging for many programs. Lessons learned from programs and coalitions in the implementation and evaluation of CCC activities, as well as resources provided by national partners, can assist coalitions with the translation of research into practice. C1 [Vinson, Cynthia] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [La Porta, Madeline] NCI, Off Commun & Educ, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Todd, William] Georgia Canc Coalit, Atlanta, GA USA. [Palafox, Neal A.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Mililani, HI USA. [Wilson, Katherine M.; Fairley, Temeika] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vinson, C (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd 6140, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cvinson@mail.nih.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 2033 EP 2040 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9667-6 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600009 PM 21046447 ER PT J AU Steger, C Daniel, K Gurian, GL Petherick, JT Stockmyer, C David, AM Miller, SE AF Steger, Carter Daniel, Kelley Gurian, Gary L. Petherick, J. T. Stockmyer, Chris David, Annette M. Miller, Sara E. TI Public policy action and CCC implementation: benefits and hurdles SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Comprehensive cancer; Public policy; Coalition AB Policy change continues to be an increasingly effective means of advancing the agenda of comprehensive cancer control. Efforts have moved progressively from describing how public policy can enhance the comprehensive cancer control agenda to implementation of public policy best practices at both the state and federal levels. The current political and economic contexts bring additional challenges and opportunities to the efforts surrounding comprehensive cancer control and policy. The purpose of this paper is to highlight recent policy successes, to illustrate the importance of policy as a means of advancing the comprehensive cancer control agenda, and to discuss continued policy action as we move forward in a time of healthcare reform and continuing economic uncertainty. C1 [Steger, Carter; Daniel, Kelley] Amer Canc Soc, Canc Act Network, Washington, DC USA. [Gurian, Gary L.] C Change, Washington, DC USA. [Petherick, J. T.] Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK USA. [Stockmyer, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [David, Annette M.] Hlth Partners LLC, Tamuning, GU USA. [Miller, Sara E.] Colorado Fdn Publ Hlth & Environm, Highlands Ranch, CO USA. RP Steger, C (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Canc Act Network, 901 E St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC USA. EM csteger@cancer.org NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 SI SI BP 2041 EP 2048 DI 10.1007/s10552-010-9668-5 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 737ZR UT WOS:000288609600010 PM 21086034 ER PT J AU Dangoudoubiyam, S Vemulapalli, R Hancock, K Kazacos, KR AF Dangoudoubiyam, Sriveny Vemulapalli, Ramesh Hancock, Kathy Kazacos, Kevin R. TI Molecular Cloning of an Immunogenic Protein of Baylisascaris procyonis and Expression in Escherichia coli for Use in Developing Improved Serodiagnostic Assays SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCRETORY SECRETORY ANTIGENS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TOXOCARA-CANIS; ASCARIS-SUUM; EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; ENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Larva migrans caused by Baylisascaris procyonis is an important zoonotic disease. Current serological diagnostic assays for this disease depend on the use of the parasite's larval excretory-secretory (ES) antigens. In order to identify genes encoding ES antigens and to generate recombinant antigens for use in diagnostic assays, construction and immunoscreening of a B. procyonis third-stage larva cDNA expression library was performed and resulted in identification of a partial-length cDNA clone encoding an ES antigen, designated repeat antigen 1 (RAG1). The full-length rag1 cDNA contained a 753-bp open reading frame that encoded a protein of 250 amino acids with 12 tandem repeats of a 12-amino-acid long sequence. The rag1 genomic DNA revealed a single intron of 837 bp that separated the 753-bp coding sequence into two exons delimited by canonical splice sites. No nucleotide or amino acid sequences present in the GenBank databases had significant similarity with those of RAG1. We have cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant RAG1 (rRAG1) and analyzed its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-Baylisascaris species-specific rabbit serum showed strong reactivity to rRAG1, while only minimal to no reactivity was observed with sera against the related ascarids Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum, strongly suggesting the specificity of rRAG1. On the basis of these results, the identified RAG1 appears to be a promising diagnostic antigen for the development of serological assays for specific detection of B. procyonis larva migrans. C1 [Dangoudoubiyam, Sriveny; Vemulapalli, Ramesh; Kazacos, Kevin R.] Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hancock, Kathy] Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dangoudoubiyam, S (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM sriveny@gmail.com FU CDC FX This work was supported by multisponsored research grants and gift funds of K. R. Kazacos and voluntary support by the CDC for K. Hancock. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1933 EP 1939 DI 10.1128/CVI.00404-10 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 686HC UT WOS:000284686400015 PM 20926699 ER PT J AU Millar, EV Pimenta, FC Roundtree, A Jackson, D Carvalho, MD Perilla, MJ Reid, R Santosham, M Whitney, CG Beall, BW O'Brien, KL AF Millar, Eugene V. Pimenta, Fabiana C. Roundtree, Alexis Jackson, Delois Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Perilla, Mindy J. Reid, Raymond Santosham, Mathuram Whitney, Cynthia G. Beall, Bernard W. O'Brien, Katherine L. TI Pre- and Post-Conjugate Vaccine Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Serotype 6C Invasive Disease and Carriage within Navajo and White Mountain Apache Communities SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; UNITED-STATES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HIGH-RISK; CHILDREN; POPULATION; ERA; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE AB Background. A second-generation 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV13, was recently licensed. Although PCV13 includes serotype 6A, the usefulness of that antigen may be limited by the emergence of a new serotype, 6C, which was identified among isolates initially characterized (Quellung reaction) as serotype 6A. The epidemiology of serotype 6C prior to and after 7-valent PCV (PCV7) introduction is incompletely understood. Methods. We analyzed conventionally serotyped 6A (CS6A) pneumococci from invasive disease case patients of all ages and carriage isolates from children and adults obtained in population-based studies among Navajo and White Mountain Apache communities during 1994-2009. Samples were tested by triplex polymerase chain reaction to resolve serotypes 6C and 6A. Results. A total of 74 invasive CS6A episodes occurred. All were retyped by polymerase chain reaction; 40 (54.1%) were serotype 6C. The mean annual incidence of serotype 6C invasive disease was 0.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.9), 0.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.3), and 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.1) cases per 100,000 population in the years prior to the PCV7 efficacy trial, during the time the PCV7 trial was conducted, and following PCV7 introduction and routine use, respectively (P = .01). In the routine vaccination era, 76% of invasive CS6As were serotype 6C; nearly all cases occurred in adults. The proportion of serotype 6C among CS6A carriage isolates increased from 42% to 61% to 94% in the prevaccine, early vaccine, and routine vaccination eras, respectively. Conclusion. In the PCV7 routine use era, virtually all serogroup 6 invasive pneumococcal disease and carriage strains among Navajo and White Mountain Apache communities are 6C. Monitoring and evaluation of this and other emerging serotypes among invasive disease and carriage isolates is warranted. C1 [Millar, Eugene V.; Perilla, Mindy J.; Reid, Raymond; Santosham, Mathuram; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Pimenta, Fabiana C.; Roundtree, Alexis; Jackson, Delois; Carvalho, Maria da Gloria; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Millar, EV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM emillar@jhsph.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health; National Institutes of Health NARCH; Thrasher Research Foundation; World Health Organization; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Wyeth Vaccines (now Pfizer) FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health, National Institutes of Health NARCH, Thrasher Research Foundation, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Wyeth Vaccines (now Pfizer). NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1258 EP 1265 DI 10.1086/657070 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 675RZ UT WOS:000283850200008 PM 21034194 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bulterys, M AF Kourtis, Athena P. Bulterys, Marc TI Perinatal HIV Infection Preface SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Dongwai Diplomat Off, CDC Global AIDS Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov; zbe2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP XIX EP XXI DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.09.001 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400002 PM 21078443 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Gable, AR Lampe, MA Etima, M Owor, M AF Fowler, Mary Glenn Gable, Alicia R. Lampe, Margaret A. Etima, Monica Owor, Maxensia TI Perinatal HIV and Its Prevention: Progress Toward an HIV-free Generation SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1; Epidemiology of perinatal HIV infections; Early infant diagnosis; United States; Resource-limited settings ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; BREAST-MILK; DOSE NEVIRAPINE; UNITED-STATES AB This article reviews the epidemiology of perinatal (HIV)-1 in the United States in the past 2 decades and the international HIV epidemic among pregnant women and their infants. Since the peak of 1700 reported cases of pediatric AIDS in 1992, there has been dramatic progress in decreasing perinatal HIV transmission in the United States with fewer than 50 new cases of AIDS annually (>96% reduction) and fewer than 300 annual perinatal HIV transmissions in 2005. This success has been due to use of combination antiretrovirals given to mothers during pregnancy and labor/delivery, obstetric interventions that reduce the risk of transmission, provision of zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis for 6 weeks to HIV-exposed newborns and use of formula. Internationally, the burden of mother-to-child HIV transmission remains heavy with 2.1 million children less than 15 years of age estimated to be living with HIV and 430,000 new HIV infections in infants occurring each year, with most cases occurring in Africa. Current international efforts are directed at scaling up successful prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions and new research directed at making breastfeeding safer using antiretroviral prophylaxis to either mothers or their infants. C1 [Fowler, Mary Glenn; Gable, Alicia R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Fowler, Mary Glenn; Etima, Monica; Owor, Maxensia] Makerere Univ Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Lampe, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM mgfowler@mujhu.org NR 79 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 699 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.09.002 PG 22 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400003 PM 21078445 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bulterys, M AF Kourtis, Athena P. Bulterys, Marc TI Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Pathways SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human immunodeficiency virus; Mother-to-child transmission; Infant; Mechanisms ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DOSE NEVIRAPINE PROPHYLAXIS; ELECTIVE CESAREAN-SECTION; VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN; FRENCH PERINATAL COHORT; IN-UTERO TRANSMISSION; MATERNAL VIRAL LOAD AB More than 400,000 children were infected with (HIV-1) worldwide in 2008, or more than 1000 children per day. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 is the most important mode of HIV acquisition in infants and children. MTCT of HIV-1 can occur in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally through breastfeeding. Great progress has been made in preventing such transmission, through the use of antiretroviral prophylactic regimens to the mother during gestation and labor and delivery and to either mother or infant during breast feeding. The timing and mechanisms of transmission, however, are multifactorial and remain incompletely understood. This article summarizes what is known about the pathogenetic mechanisms and routes of MTCT of HIV-1, and includes virologic, immunologic, genetic, and mucosal aspects of transmission. C1 [Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Dongwai Diplomat Off, CDC Global AIDS Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov NR 148 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 721 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.004 PG 18 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400004 PM 21078446 ER PT J AU Legardy-Williams, JK Jamieson, DJ Read, JS AF Legardy-Williams, Jennifer K. Jamieson, Denise J. Read, Jennifer S. TI Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: The Role of Cesarean Delivery SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mother-to-child transmission; Cesarean delivery; HIV; Prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRENCH PERINATAL COHORT; INFECTED WOMEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; POSTPARTUM MORBIDITY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; RUPTURED MEMBRANES; VAGINAL DELIVERY AB The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV can be reduced through cesarean delivery prior to the onset of labor and prior to rupture of the membranes (elective cesarean delivery [ECD]). As a result of this evidence, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission developed guidelines recommending ECD for HIV-infected women with plasma viral loads of more than 1000 copies/mL. Since the release of the recommendations, an increase in ECD has been seen among HIV-infected women in the United States. This article discusses the evidence on efficacy of ECD, current recommendations in the United States, and risks and morbidity related to ECD. Although the benefit of ECD in preventing MTCT of HIV is substantial, some questions remain. Specifically, the benefit of ECD for women with very low viral loads or for women using combination antiretroviral regimens is unclear, as is the timeframe after onset of labor or rupture of membranes within which ECD will still confer preventive benefits. C1 [Legardy-Williams, Jennifer K.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Read, Jennifer S.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Legardy-Williams, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlegardy@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 777 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.013 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400008 PM 21078450 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Ellington, S Kourtis, AP AF Bulterys, Marc Ellington, Sascha Kourtis, Athena P. TI HIV-1 and Breastfeeding: Biology of Transmission and Advances in Prevention SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breastfeeding; HIV-1; Mother-to-child HIV transmission; Antiretroviral prophylactic treatment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; RNA VIRAL LOAD; DAR-ES-SALAAM; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; PRETORIA PASTEURIZATION AB Breastfeeding accounts for about 40% of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 worldwide and carries an estimated risk of transmission of 0.9% per month after the first month of breastfeeding. It is recommended that HIV-1-infected women completely avoid breastfeeding in settings where safe feeding alternatives exist. However, as replacement feeding is not safely available in many parts of the world, and because breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and protection against other infant infections, there is intense ongoing research to make breastfeeding safe for HIV-1-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. More research is needed to determine the optimal duration of breastfeeding, optimal weaning practices, and which individual antiretroviral prophylactic regimen is best for HIV-1-infected mothers and their infants in a particular setting. C1 [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] CDC Global AIDS Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ellington, Sascha; Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Preventat & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), CDC, WHFB, DRH, NCCDPHP, MS-K34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov NR 106 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 807 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.001 PG 20 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400010 PM 21078452 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Nesheim, S AF Weidle, Paul J. Nesheim, Steven TI HIV Drug Resistance and Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; Antiretroviral resistance; Mother-to-child transmission; Infant ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; FRENCH PERINATAL COHORT; COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-MILK AB This article covers HIV drug resistance among pregnant women and the implications of transmission of resistant HIV to the infant. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs may be acquired or can emerge while HIV-infected pregnant women are on antiretroviral therapy, either before or during pregnancy. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs among HIV-infected infants may be acquired from the mother in utero or during the intrapartum period. Resistance may also emerge from exposure to antiretroviral drugs given to the infant for prophylaxis against HIV transmission. In settings where breastfeeding is practiced, ongoing transmission of HIV from breastfeeding may lead to transmission of resistant HIV from the mother. If the mother is taking antiretroviral drugs while breastfeeding, resistance to antiretroviral drugs may emerge in an HIV-infected infant from ingestion of antiretroviral drugs via breast milk. The magnitude and implications of antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women and HIV-infected infants are summarized. C1 [Weidle, Paul J.; Nesheim, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pweidle@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 825 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.009 PG 19 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 697AQ UT WOS:000285485400011 PM 21078453 ER PT J AU Altini, L Blanchard, K Coetzee, N de Kock, A Elias, C Ellertson, C Friedland, B Hoosen, A Jones, HE Kilmarx, PH Marumo, M McGrory, E Monedi, C Ndlovu, G Nkompala, B Pistorius, A Ramjee, G Sebola, M Sorhaindo, A Turner, AN Tweedy, K van de Wijgert, J Williams, MM Winikoff, B AF Altini, Lydia Blanchard, Kelly Coetzee, Nicol de Kock, Alana Elias, Christopher Ellertson, Charlotte Friedland, Barbara Hoosen, Anwar Jones, Heidi E. Kilmarx, Peter H. Marumo, Mabitso McGrory, Elizabeth Monedi, Constance Ndlovu, Gugulethu Nkompala, Bels Pistorius, Annalie Ramjee, Gita Sebola, Mohlatlego Sorhaindo, Annik Turner, Abigail Norris Tweedy, Kathryn van de Wijgert, Janneke Williams, Manuela M. Winikoff, Beverly CA Carraguard Phase II S Africa Study TI Expanded safety and acceptability of the candidate vaginal microbicide Carraguard (R) in South Africa SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; Microbicide; Carraguard; Safety; Acceptability; South Africa ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; WOMEN; CARRAGEENAN; GEL; NONOXYNOL-9; PREVENTION AB Background Carraguard s safety and acceptability was assessed among women in Gugulethu and Ga-Rankuwa South Africa Study Design A randomized, placebo controlled, triple-blind trial was conducted in HIV negative, nonpregnant women who inserted Carraguard or placebo at least three times a week, including before vaginal sex, for 6 to 12 months Monthly visits included pelvic examination, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing/treatment and HIV counseling/testing Acceptability was assessed quarterly Results Of 400 women (205 Carraguard, 195 placebo) enrolled, 328 (77%) completed at least 6 months Incidence of genital epithelial disruption was similar between the Carraguard (13 6 per 100 woman-years) and placebo (21 3 per 100 woman years) groups (relative risk, 064, 95% confidence interval 037-1 10), there were no significant differences in rates of HIV/STI, though the study was not powered to determine effectiveness Only 2% of adverse events were judged possibly related to (either) gel More than 94% of women reported at least once liking the gel very much Conclusions Carraguard was not associated with more vaginal cervical or external genital irritation than placebo, and it was acceptable when used approximately 3 5 times per week, including during sex (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Blanchard, Kelly; Elias, Christopher; Ellertson, Charlotte; Friedland, Barbara; Jones, Heidi E.; McGrory, Elizabeth; Ndlovu, Gugulethu; Sorhaindo, Annik; Turner, Abigail Norris; van de Wijgert, Janneke; Winikoff, Beverly] Populat Council, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Altini, Lydia; Coetzee, Nicol; de Kock, Alana; Nkompala, Bels] Univ Cape Town, Dept Publ Hlth, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hoosen, Anwar; Marumo, Mabitso; Monedi, Constance; Pistorius, Annalie; Sebola, Mohlatlego; Williams, Manuela M.] Univ Limpopo, Dept Med Microbiol, ZA-0204 Medunsa, South Africa. [Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ramjee, Gita] Med Res Council MRC Overport, ZA-4067 Durban, South Africa. [Tweedy, Kathryn] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Friedland, B (reprint author), Populat Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. FU National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases of the United States National Institutes of Health [RO1 AI45468 01]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; United States Agency for International Development [CCP A 00 94 00013, HRN A 00 99 00010] FX This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases of the United States National Institutes of Health grant number RO1 AI45468 01 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the United States Agency for International Development cooperative agreement numbers CCP A 00 94 00013 and HRN A 00 99 00010 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.019 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 686BF UT WOS:000284671100015 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Amebic meningoencephalitides and keratitis: challenges in diagnosis and treatment SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Acanthamoeba keratitis; Acanthamoeba spp.; Balamuthia mandrillaris; granulomatous amebic encephalitis; Naegleria fowleri; primary amebic meningoencephalitis ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT; IN-VITRO; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; MILTEFOSINE; SPP. AB Purpose of review Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri, although free-living amebae, also cause devastating diseases in humans leading to death. Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis, cutaneous and nasopharyngeal as well as disseminated infection. Acanthamoeba also causes a vision-threatening infection of the cornea, Acanthamoeba keratitis, principally in contact lens wearers. N. fowleri causes an acute, fulminating infection of the central nervous system, primary amebic meningoencephalitis, in healthy children and young adults who indulge in aquatic activities in fresh water. This review focuses on the recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment and clinical management of the diseases caused by these amebae. Recent findings Development of a multiplex real-time PCR test has made it possible to simultaneously detect all the three free-living amebae in a sample. It is a rapid assay with a short turnaround time of just 4-5 h. An early diagnosis would be helpful in initiating potentially effective treatment. A recent study reported exciting results indicating that loading of rokitamycin in chitosan microspheres improves and prolongs the in-vitro anti-Acanthamoeba activity of the drug. Summary Diagnoses of these infections are challenging and antimicrobial therapy is empirical, which often results in fatalities. Further research is needed to explore the possibility of a better drug delivery system that crosses the blood-brain barrier and effectively reach the central nervous system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Roybal Campus,MS D66,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0951-7375 EI 1473-6527 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 590 EP 594 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833ed78b PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 673FX UT WOS:000283645600008 PM 20802332 ER PT J AU Shrestha, SS Zhang, P Barker, L Imperatore, G AF Shrestha, Sundar S. Zhang, Ping Barker, Lawrence Imperatore, Giuseppina TI Medical Expenditures Associated With Diabetes Acute Complications in Privately Insured US Youth SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA; KETOACIDOSIS; COSTS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate medical expenditures attributable to diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycemia among privately insured insulin-treated U S youth with diabetes RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed the insurance claims of 7 556 youth age <= 19 years with insulin-treated diabetes The youth were continuously enrolled in fee-for service health plans and claims were obtained from the 2007 U S Market Scan Commercial Claims and Encounter database We used regression models to estimate total medical expenditures and their subcomponents outpatient inpatient and drug expenditures The ex cess expenditures associated with DKA and severe hypoglycemia were estimated as the difference between predicted medical expenditures for youth who did/did not experience either DKA or severe hypoglycemia RESULTS - For youth with and without DKA respectively predicted mean annual total medical expenditures were $14 236 and $8 398 (an excess of $5 837 for those with DKA) The excess was statistically greater for those with one or more episodes of DKA ($8 455) than among those with only one episode ($3 554) Predicted mean annual total medical expenditures were $12 850 and $8 970 for youth with and without severe hypoglycemia respectively (an excess of $3 880 for those with severe hypoglycemia) The excess was greater among those with one or more episodes ($5 929) than among those with only one ($2 888) CONCLUSIONS - Medical expenditures for potentially preventable DKA and severe hypoglycemia in U S youth with insulin-treated diabetes are substantial Improving the quality of care for these youth to prevent the development of these two complications could avert substantial U S health care expenditures C1 [Shrestha, Sundar S.; Zhang, Ping; Barker, Lawrence; Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shrestha, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2617 EP 2622 DI 10.2337/dc10.1406 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 699LZ UT WOS:000285666200025 PM 20843971 ER PT J AU Colberg, SR Sigal, RJ Fernhall, B Regensteiner, JG Blissmer, BJ Rubin, RR Chasan-Taber, L Albright, AL Braun, B AF Colberg, Sheri R. Sigal, Ronald J. Fernhall, Bo Regensteiner, Judith G. Blissmer, Bryan J. Rubin, Richard R. Chasan-Taber, Lisa Albright, Ann L. Braun, Barry TI Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association joint position statement executive summary SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; MELLITUS; ADULTS; RISK C1 [Colberg, Sheri R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Human Movement Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sigal, Ronald J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Med Cardiac Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Sigal, Ronald J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Kinesiol, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Fernhall, Bo] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Community Hlth, Urbana, IL USA. [Regensteiner, Judith G.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Ctr Womens Hlth Res, Aurora, CO USA. [Regensteiner, Judith G.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Regensteiner, Judith G.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Blissmer, Bryan J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Canc Prevent Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Blissmer, Bryan J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Kinesiol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rubin, Richard R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Rubin, Richard R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Chasan-Taber, Lisa] Univ Massachusetts, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Albright, Ann L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Braun, Barry] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Kinesiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Colberg, SR (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Human Movement Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 11 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2692 EP 2696 DI 10.2337/dc10.1548 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 699LZ UT WOS:000285666200039 PM 21115771 ER PT J AU Schlosser, M Mueller, PW Torn, C Bonifacio, E Bingley, PJ AF Schlosser, M. Mueller, P. W. Torn, C. Bonifacio, E. Bingley, P. J. CA Participating Labs TI Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for insulin autoantibodies SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Adjusted sensitivity; AUC; Insulin autoantibodies; Insulin autoantibody index; Islet autoantibodies; Prediction; Reference serum; Sensitivity; Specificity ID ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES; MICROASSAY; WORKSHOP AB Aims/hypothesis Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are important in type I diabetes risk assessment. However, their determination varies more between laboratories than other diabetes autoantibodies. The Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) aims to improve and standardise measurement of autoantibodies associated with type I diabetes. We report the results of measurement of IAA from DASP workshops in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Methods Up to 32 laboratories in 14 countries participated in each workshop. Aliquots of coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes and 100 blood donor controls were circulated to participating laboratories. Reported results were analysed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. We compared concordance of antibody levels by ranking, IAA and insulin antibody (IA) indices and units derived from an IA standard curve. Results In all three workshops IAA assay performance had improved compared with DASP 2000. The median area under the ROC curve was 0.73 in DASP 2002, 0.78 in 2003 and 0.80 in 2005 (p=0.0012), and median laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 26% in 2002, 36% in 2003 and 45% in 2005 (p<0.0001). There was, however, marked variation between assays. The range of AUC was 0.36-0.91 and that of laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 22-57%. Concordance of ranking of patient serum samples was related to AUC (p<0.001). Using an index related to common IAA and IA-positive or -negative control sera improved the concordance between assays (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation The overall performance of IAA assays has improved but there is still wide variation between laboratories. Concordance between assays would be improved by the use of a common reference reagent. C1 [Bingley, P. J.] Univ Bristol, Southmead Hosp, Sch Clin Sci, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. [Schlosser, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol, Res Grp Predict Diagnost, Greifswald, Germany. [Schlosser, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Pathophysiol, Res Grp Predict Diagnost, Karlsburg, Germany. [Mueller, P. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Torn, C.] Univ Hosp MAS, Clin Res Ctr, Inst Clin Sci, Unit Diabet & Coeliac Dis, Malmo, Sweden. [Bonifacio, E.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. RP Bingley, PJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Southmead Hosp, Sch Clin Sci, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. EM polly.bingley@bristol.ac.uk RI Bonifacio, Ezio/E-7700-2010 OI Bonifacio, Ezio/0000-0002-8704-4713 FU National Institutes of Health at CDC [PL105-33, 106-310, 106-554, 107-360] FX The Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program is funded at the CDC by PL105-33,106-310, 106-554, and 107-360 administered by the National Institutes of Health. We are most grateful to the patients and clinicians who have donated the blood samples that enable the DASP workshops to take place. NR 11 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2611 EP 2620 DI 10.1007/s00125-010-1915-5 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 683WV UT WOS:000284509900020 PM 20871974 ER PT J AU Nelson, C Chan, E Chandra, A Sorensen, P Willis, HH Dulin, S Leuschner, K AF Nelson, Christopher Chan, Ed Chandra, Anita Sorensen, Paul Willis, Henry H. Dulin, Stephanie Leuschner, Kristin TI Developing National Standards for Public Health Emergency Preparedness With a Limited Evidence Base SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE performance standards; countermeasure dispensing; Strategic National Stockpile ID VACCINATION; ANTHRAX; ATTACK AB Objective: The paucity of evidence and wide variation among communities creates challenges for developing congressionally mandated national performance standards for public health preparedness. Using countermeasure dispensing as an example, we present an approach for developing standards that balances national uniformity and local flexibility, consistent with the quality of evidence available. Methods: We used multiple methods, including a survey of community practices, mathematical modeling, and expert panel discussion. Results: The article presents recommended dispensing standards, along with a general framework that can be used to analyze tradeoffs involved in developing other preparedness standards. Conclusions: Standards can be developed using existing evidence, but would be helped immensely by a stronger evidence base. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:285-290) C1 [Nelson, Christopher; Chan, Ed; Chandra, Anita; Sorensen, Paul; Willis, Henry H.; Leuschner, Kristin] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Dulin, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Div Strateg Natl Stockpile, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, C (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM cnelson@rand.org RI Willis, Henry/L-8437-2013 OI Willis, Henry/0000-0001-6404-721X NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1001/dmp.2010.39 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689QE UT WOS:000284942500005 PM 21149229 ER PT J AU Durante, A Melchreit, R Sullivan, K Degutis, L AF Durante, Amanda Melchreit, Richard Sullivan, Kristin Degutis, Linda TI Connecticut Competency-Based Point of Dispensing Worker Training Needs Assessment SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE mass dispensing; training needs assessment; point of dispensing; Strategic National Stockpile AB Objectives: In April 2006, Connecticut conducted an exercise that tested its ability to receive and dispense antibiotics from the Strategic National Stockpile. In conjunction with the exercise, a competency-based assessment was performed to determine the training needs of point of dispensing (POD) workers. Methods: POD core competencies were developed by adapting existing preparedness materials. They were used to assess the training needs of more than 250 people who staffed a POD during the exercise. The assessment measured their confidence in their ability to perform 17 competency-based tasks. Results: The vast majority needed training on 5 or fewer tasks, suggesting that they were fairly well trained. Pharmacists were particularly likely to need training on at least 5 tasks. Given their role in a POD operation, they should be a focus of further training. Almost one third of participants needed additional training on at least 1 of the 3 basic POD Incident Command System tasks. Additional training is also needed on competencies concerning POD safety and security, liability protections, and family preparedness. POD workers who are concerned about these matters may be less willing or able to staff a POD. People who participated in training both before and on the day of the exercise were best prepared to staff the POD, indicating that both types of training have value. Conclusions: When compared with the competencies, POD workers possessed many of the necessary skills to staff a POD; however, training with emphasis on areas of weakness revealed by the assessment could improve willingness to report for duty and performance. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:306-311) C1 [Degutis, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Durante, A (reprint author), New Haven Hlth Dept, 54 Meadow St,9th Floor, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. EM amanda.durante@newhavenct.net OI Durante, Amanda/0000-0002-6721-7285 FU PHS HHS [U90/CCU124251-01, U90/CCU116996] NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1001/dmp.2010.35 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689QE UT WOS:000284942500008 PM 21149232 ER PT J AU Hoffman, HJ Dobie, RA Ko, CW Themann, CL Murphy, WJ AF Hoffman, Howard J. Dobie, Robert A. Ko, Chia-Wen Themann, Christa L. Murphy, William J. TI Americans Hear as Well or Better Today Compared With 40 Years Ago: Hearing Threshold Levels in the Unscreened Adult Population of the United States, 1959-1962 and 1999-2004 SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NOISE-EXPOSED POPULATION; NONRESPONSE BIAS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US ADULTS; IMPAIRMENT; PREVALENCE; AUDIOMETRY; STANDARDS; NINEP AB Objectives: (1) To present hearing threshold data from a recent nationally representative survey in the United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004) in a distributional format that might be appropriate to replace Annex B in international (ISO-1999) and national (ANSI S3.44) standards and (2) to compare these recent data with older survey data (National Health Examination Survey I, 1959-1962) on which the current Annex B is based. Design: Better-ear threshold distributions (selected percentiles and their confidence intervals) were estimated using linear interpolation. The 95% confidence intervals for the medians for the two surveys were compared graphically for each of the four age groups and for both men and women. In addition, we calculated odds ratios comparing the prevalences of better-ear hearing impairment (thresholds > 25 dB HL) between the two surveys, for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, and for their four-frequency average. Results: Across age and sex groups, median thresholds were lower (better) in the 1999-2004 survey at 500, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz (8000 Hz was not tested in the 1959-1962 survey). For both men and women, the prevalence of hearing impairment was significantly lower in 1999-2004 at 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz, but not at 1000 Hz. Conclusions: For men and women of a specific age, high-frequency hearing thresholds were lower (better) in 1999-2004 than in 1959-1962. The prevalences of hearing impairment were also lower in the recent survey. Differences seen at 500 Hz may be attributable at least in part to changes in standards for ambient noise in audiometry. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 distributions are offered as a possible replacement for Annex B in ISO-1999 and ANSI S3.44. C1 [Hoffman, Howard J.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, NIDCD, Epidemiol & Stat Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dobie, Robert A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Themann, Christa L.; Murphy, William J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hoffman, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, NIDCD, Epidemiol & Stat Program, NIH, Suite 400A,EPS Bldg,6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hoffmanh@nidcd.nih.gov FU NIDCD; NCHS FX The NHANES 1999-2004 audiometric data collection was funded with NIDCD research contract funds via an interagency agreement between NIDCD and NCHS. NIOSH provided funding for the audiometric testing equipment, training and monitoring of technicians, and editing of preliminary data files and had a separate interagency agreement with NCHS. Audiometric testing was conducted in the field by health technicians employed by WESTAT, Inc., under contract with NCHS. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181e9770e PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 673IK UT WOS:000283652700001 PM 20683190 ER PT J AU Khan, MSU Hossain, J Gurley, ES Nahar, N Sultana, R Luby, SP AF Khan, M. Salah Uddin Hossain, Jahangir Gurley, Emily S. Nahar, Nazmun Sultana, Rebeca Luby, Stephen P. TI Use of Infrared Camera to Understand Bats' Access to Date Palm Sap: Implications for Preventing Nipah Virus Transmission SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE bats; date palm sap; food contamination; infrared camera; nipah virus; transmission ID HENIPAVIRUS INFECTION; PTEROPUS-GIGANTEUS; FLYING-FOXES; FRUIT BATS; BANGLADESH; ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODIES; THAILAND; LYLEI AB Pteropus bats are commonly infected with Nipah virus, but show no signs of illness. Human Nipah outbreaks in Bangladesh coincide with the date palm sap harvesting season. In epidemiologic studies, drinking raw date palm sap is a risk factor for human Nipah infection. We conducted a study to evaluate bats' access to date palm sap. We mounted infrared cameras that silently captured images upon detection of motion on date palm trees from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am. Additionally, we placed two locally used preventative techniques, bamboo skirts and lime (CaCO3) smeared on date palm trees to assess their effectiveness in preventing bats access to sap. Out of 20 camera-nights of observations, 14 identified 132 visits of bats around the tree, 91 to the shaved surface of the tree where the sap flow originates, 4 at the stream of sap moving toward the collection pot, and no bats at the tap or on the collection pots; the remaining 6 camera-nights recorded no visits. Of the preventative techniques, the bamboo skirt placed for four camera-nights prevented bats access to sap. This study confirmed that bats commonly visited date palm trees and physically contacted the sap collected for human consumption. This is further evidence that date palm sap is an important link between Nipah virus in bats and Nipah virus in humans. Efforts that prevent bat access to the shaved surface and the sap stream of the tree could reduce Nipah spillovers to the human population. C1 [Khan, M. Salah Uddin; Hossain, Jahangir; Gurley, Emily S.; Nahar, Nazmun; Sultana, Rebeca; Luby, Stephen P.] ICDDR B, HSID, PIDVS, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Luby, Stephen P.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khan, MSU (reprint author), ICDDR B, HSID, PIDVS, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM khansu@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [5U51CI00298-04]; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B) [00357] FX This research study was funded by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) grant number 5U51CI00298-04, and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B) grant number 00357. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC or the ICDDR,B. ICDDR,B acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of CDC to the ICDDR,B's research efforts. The authors thank our field research officer, Dr. Shahneaz Ali Khan, and date palm sap collector, Mr. Chitta Ranjan, for their efforts in the fieldwork. The authors also thank Dorothy Southern for assistance with writing the manuscript. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0366-2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815XM UT WOS:000294563300010 PM 21207105 ER PT J AU Esona, MD Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S Conrardy, C Tong, SX Kuzmin, IV Agwanda, B Breiman, RF Banyai, K Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, CE Gentsch, JR Bowen, MD AF Esona, Mathew D. Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica Conrardy, Christina Tong, Suxiang Kuzmin, Ivan V. Agwanda, Bernard Breiman, Robert F. Banyai, Krisztian Niezgoda, Michael Rupprecht, Charles E. Gentsch, Jon R. Bowen, Michael D. TI Reassortant Group A Rotavirus from Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; WA-LIKE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; GENOTYPE; GENETICS; PROGRAMS AB Bats are known reservoirs of viral zoonoses We report genetic characterization of a bat rotavirus (Bat/KE4852/07) detected in the feces of a straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) Six bat rotavirus genes (viral protein [VP] 2 VP6 VP7, nonstructural protein [NSP] 2 NSP3, and NSP5) shared ancestry with other mammalian rotaviruses but were distantly related The VP4 gene was nearly identical to that of human P[6] rotavirus strains, and the NSP4 gene was closely related to those of previously described mammalian rotaviruses including human strains Analysis of partial sequence of the VP1 gene indicated that it was distinct from cognate genes of other rotaviruses No sequences were obtained for the VP3 and NSP1 genes of the bat rotavirus This rotavirus was designated G25-P[6]-115-R8(provisional)-C8-Mx-Ax-N8-T11-E2-H10 Results suggest that several reassortment events have occurred between human animal, and bat rotaviruses Several additional rotavirus strains were detected in bats C1 [Esona, Mathew D.; Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica; Conrardy, Christina; Tong, Suxiang; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Niezgoda, Michael; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Bowen, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Agwanda, Bernard] Natl Museums Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Banyai, Krisztian] Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, Hungary. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [PD76364] FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention K B was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (PD76364) NR 40 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1844 EP 1852 DI 10.3201/eid1612.101089 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 690TM UT WOS:000285031100003 PM 21122212 ER PT J AU Kosoy, M Bai, Y Lynch, T Kuzmin, IV Niezgoda, M Franka, R Agwanda, B Breiman, RF Rupprecht, CE AF Kosoy, Michael Bai, Ying Lynch, Tarah Kuzmin, Ivan V. Niezgoda, Michael Franka, Richard Agwanda, Bernard Breiman, Robert F. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Bartonella spp. in Bats, Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SARS-LIKE; RESERVOIR; RODENTS; PATIENT; VIRUS; CORONAVIRUSES; ENDOCARDITIS; BORRELIA; FEVER AB We report the presence and diversity of Bartonella spp in bats of 13 insectivorous and frugivorous species collected from various locations across Kenya Bartonella isolates were obtained from 23 Eidolon helvum 22 Rousettus aegyptiacus 4 Coleura afra 7 Triaenops persicus 1 Hipposideros commersoni and 49 Miniopterus spp bats Sequence analysis of the citrate synthase gene from the obtained isolates showed a wide assortment of Bartonella strains Phylogenetically isolates clustered in specific host bat species All isolates from R aegyptiacus C afra and T persicus bats clustered in separate monophyletic groups In contrast E helvum and Miniopterus spp bats harbored strains that clustered in several groups Further investigation is needed to determine whether these agents are responsible for human illnesses in the region C1 [Kosoy, Michael; Bai, Ying; Lynch, Tarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Niezgoda, Michael; Franka, Richard; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Agwanda, Bernard] Natl Museums Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1875 EP 1881 DI 10.3201/eid1612.100601 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 690TM UT WOS:000285031100007 PM 21122216 ER PT J AU Alzahrani, AG Al Shaiban, HM Al Mazroa, MA Al-Hayani, O MacNeil, A Rollin, PE Memish, ZA AF Alzahrani, Abdullah G. Al Shaiban, Hassan M. Al Mazroa, Mohammad A. Al-Hayani, Osama MacNeil, Adam Rollin, Pierre E. Memish, Ziad A. TI Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans, Najran, Saudi Arabia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Alkhurma virus is a flavivirus discovered in 1994 in a person who died of hemorrhagic fever after slaughtering a sheep from the city of Alkhurma, Saudi Arabia Since then several cases of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (ALKHF) with fatality rates up to 25% have been documented From January 1 2006 through April 1 2009 active disease surveillance and serologic testing of household contacts identified ALKHF in 28 persons in Najran Saudi Arabia For epidemiologic comparison serologic testing of household and neighborhood controls identified 65 serologically negative persons Among ALKHF patients 11 were hospitalized and 17 had subclinical infection Univariate analysis indicated that the following were associated with Alkhurma virus infection contact with domestic animals feeding and slaughtering animals handling raw meat products drinking unpasteurized milk and being bitten by a tick After multivariate modeling the following associations remained significant animal contact neighboring farms and tick bites C1 [Alzahrani, Abdullah G.; Al Shaiban, Hassan M.; Al Mazroa, Mohammad A.; Al-Hayani, Osama; Memish, Ziad A.] Minist Hlth, Riyadh 11117, Saudi Arabia. [MacNeil, Adam; Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Memish, ZA (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Riyadh 11117, Saudi Arabia. FU Ministry of Health Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FX Funding for this research was provided by the Ministry of Health Kingdom of Saudi Arabia NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1882 EP 1888 DI 10.3201/eid1612.100417 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 690TM UT WOS:000285031100008 PM 21122217 ER PT J AU MacNeil, A Farnon, EC Wamala, J Okware, S Cannon, DL Reed, Z Towner, JS Tappero, JW Lutwama, J Downing, R Nichol, ST Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE AF MacNeil, Adam Farnon, Eileen C. Wamala, Joseph Okware, Sam Cannon, Deborah L. Reed, Zachary Towner, Jonathan S. Tappero, Jordan W. Lutwama, Julius Downing, Robert Nichol, Stuart T. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Rollin, Pierre E. TI Proportion of Deaths and Clinical Features in Bundibugyo Ebola Virus Infection, Uganda SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RISK-FACTORS; CONGO; KIKWIT; TRANSMISSION AB The first known Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) outbreak caused by Bundibugyo Ebola virus occurred in Bundibugyo District Uganda, in 2007 Fifty-six cases of EHF were laboratory confirmed Although signs and symptoms were largely nonspecific and similar to those of EHF outbreaks caused by Zaire and Sudan Ebola viruses proportion of deaths among those infected was lower (approximate to 40%) C1 [MacNeil, Adam; Farnon, Eileen C.; Cannon, Deborah L.; Reed, Zachary; Towner, Jonathan S.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wamala, Joseph; Okware, Sam] Minist Hlth Republ Uganda, Kampala, Uganda. [Tappero, Jordan W.; Downing, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Lutwama, Julius] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. RP MacNeil, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU CDC FX Funding for this research was provided by CDC NR 15 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 28 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1969 EP 1972 DI 10.3201/eid1612.100627 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 690TM UT WOS:000285031100025 PM 21122234 ER PT J AU Preau, JL Wong, LY Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Preau, James L., Jr. Wong, Lee-Yang Silva, Manori J. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Variability over 1 Week in the Urinary Concentrations of Metabolites of Diethyl Phthalate and Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate among Eight Adults: An Observational Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; DEHP; DEP; exposure; human; phthalates; urine; variability ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; PRODUCTS; CHILDREN; SAMPLES; AGE AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates are metabolized and eliminated in urine within hours after exposure. Several reports suggest that concentrations of phthalate metabolites in a spot urine sample can provide a reliable estimation of exposure to phthalates for up to several months. OBJECTIVES: We examined inter-and intraperson and inter- and intraday variability in the concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), the major metabolite of diethyl phthalate, commonly used in personal care products, and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), a metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a polyvinyl chloride plasticizer of which diet is the principal exposure source, among eight adults who collected all urine voids (average, 7.6 samples/person/ day) for 1 week. METHODS: We analyzed the urine samples using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Regardless of the type of void (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection), for MEP, interperson variability in concentrations accounted for > 75% of the total variance. By contrast, for MEHHP, within-person variability was the main contributor (69-83%) of the total variance. Furthermore, we observed considerable intraday variability in the concentrations of spot samples for MEHHP (51%) and MEP (21%). CONCLUSIONS: MEP and MEHHP urinary concentrations varied considerably during 1 week, but the main contributors to the total variance differed (interday variability, MEHHP; interperson variability, MEP) regardless of the sampling strategy (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection). The nature of the exposure (diet vs. other lifestyle factors) and timing of urine sampling to evaluate exposure to phthalates should be considered. For DEHP and phthalates to which people are mostly exposed through diet, collecting 24-hr voids for only 1 day may not be advantageous compared with multiple spot collections. When collecting multiple spot urine samples, changing the time of collection may provide the most complete approach to assess exposure to diverse phthalates. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 118 IS 12 BP 1748 EP 1754 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002231 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 692YB UT WOS:000285190700031 PM 20797930 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Kosoy, M AF Chan, Kung-Sik Kosoy, Michael TI Analysis of multi-strain Bartonella pathogens in natural host population - Do they behave as species or minor genetic variants? SO EPIDEMICS LA English DT Article DE Cross-immunity; Mixed infection; Multi-strain epidemic model; Pathogen population; Species co-existence AB Modern advances in genetic analysis have made it feasible to ascertain the variant type of a pathogen infecting a host. Classification of pathogen variants is commonly performed by clustering analysis of the observed genetic divergence among the variants. A natural question arises whether the genetically distinct variants are epidemiologically distinct. A broader question is whether the different variants constitute separate microbial species or represent minor variations of the same species. These important issues were addressed in the context of analyzing dynamics of genetically distinct variants of Bartonella bacteria in cotton rat hosts. Frequencies of acquiring a new variant were measured in relation to the genetic differences between variants successively infecting an individual rodent host. Two statistical techniques were introduced for performing such analysis, and the methodologies were illustrated with a set of data collected from a particular multi-strain Bartonella system. We carried out a frequency analysis of co-infection patterns, and a Markov chain analysis of panels of successive mixed infection time series for testing some particular gene-based grouping of the Bartonella variants with a panel of observed disease data from a rodent population. Our analysis suggests that the three genogroups A, B and C of Bartonella function as independent species but the variants within each genogroup enjoy some cross-immunity against each other. The newly developed methodologies are broadly applicable for analyzing other multi-strain pathogen data which are increasingly collected for diverse infectious diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kosoy, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kung-sik-chan@uiowa.edu FU US National Science Foundation (DTRA/NSF) FX We thank Dr. M. C. Whitlock, Dr. G. Dwyer, Eric Mandel and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge partial support from the US National Science Foundation (DTRA/NSF). NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1755-4365 J9 EPIDEMICS-NETH JI Epidemics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.epidem.2010.08.002 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V21UZ UT WOS:000208233800001 PM 21352787 ER PT J AU Watt, JP Moisi, JC Donaldson, RLA Reid, R Ferro, S Whitney, CG Santosham, M O'Brien, KL AF Watt, J. P. Moisi, J. C. Donaldson, R. L. A. Reid, R. Ferro, S. Whitney, C. G. Santosham, M. O'Brien, K. L. TI Use of serology and urine antigen detection to estimate the proportion of adult community-acquired pneumonia attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Community-acquired pneumonia; laboratory tests; pneumococcal infection ID PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; ASSAY; KENYA; BINAX; INFECTIONS; VALIDATION; CHILDREN AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) but existing diagnostic tools have limited sensitivity and specificity. We enrolled adults undergoing chest radiography at three Indian Health Service clinics in the Southwestern United States and collected acute and convalescent serum for measurement of PsaA and PspA titres and urine for pneumococcal antigen detection. Blood and sputum cultures were obtained at the discretion of treating physicians. We compared findings in clinical and radiographic CAP patients to those in controls without CAP. Urine antigen testing showed the largest differential between CAP patients and controls (clinical CAP 13%, radiographic CAP 17%, control groups 2%). Serological results were mixed, with significant differences between CAP patients and controls for some, but not all changes in titre. Based on urine antigen and blood culture results, we estimated that 11% of clinical and 15% of radiographic CAP cases were due to pneumococcus in this population. C1 [Watt, J. P.; Moisi, J. C.; Donaldson, R. L. A.; Reid, R.; Santosham, M.; O'Brien, K. L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ferro, S.] Sanofi Pasteur Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Whitney, C. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watt, JP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jwatt@jhsph.edu FU Sanofi-Pasteur Ltd; White Mountain Apache Native American Research Center for Health (National Institute of General Medicine) [U26 94 00012-01] FX We thank the White Mountain Apache tribe and the Navajo Nation for their support of this project. We also thank Lora Lavender, Deborah McGinty, Carol Tso, Brenda Benally, Reanna Bowie, Stella Cly, Monica Johnson and the staff of the Center for American Indian Health for collection of study data. This research was supported in part by Sanofi-Pasteur Ltd, and by the White Mountain Apache Native American Research Center for Health (National Institute of General Medicine RO1 grant U26 94 00012-01). BinaxNOW (R) test kits were provided by Binax, Inc. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Indian Health Service or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 12 BP 1796 EP 1803 DI 10.1017/S0950268810000555 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 677SK UT WOS:000284011900017 PM 20334727 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Thamthitiwat, S Chantra, S Chittaganpitch, M Fry, AM Simmerman, JM Baggett, HC Peret, TCT Erdman, D Benson, R Talkington, D Thacker, L Tondella, ML Winchell, J Fields, B Nicholson, WL Maloney, S Peruski, LF Ungchusak, K Sawanpanyalert, P Dowell, SF AF Olsen, S. J. Thamthitiwat, S. Chantra, S. Chittaganpitch, M. Fry, A. M. Simmerman, J. M. Baggett, H. C. Peret, T. C. T. Erdman, D. Benson, R. Talkington, D. Thacker, L. Tondella, M. L. Winchell, J. Fields, B. Nicholson, W. L. Maloney, S. Peruski, L. F. Ungchusak, K. Sawanpanyalert, P. Dowell, S. F. TI Incidence of respiratory pathogens in persons hospitalized with pneumonia in two provinces in Thailand SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Aetiology; epidemiology; pneumonia; Thailand ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RURAL THAILAND; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; TRACT INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN AB Although pneumonia is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, comprehensive information about its causes and incidence in low-and middle-income countries is lacking. Active surveillance of hospitalized patients with pneumonia is ongoing in Thailand. Consenting patients are tested for seven bacterial and 14 viral respiratory pathogens by PCR and viral culture on nasopharyngeal swab specimens, serology on acute/convalescent sera, sputum smears and antigen detection tests on urine. Between September 2003 and December 2005, there were 1730 episodes of radiographically confirmed pneumonia (34.6% in children aged < 5 years); 66 patients (3.8%) died. A recognized pathogen was identified in 42.5% of episodes. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was associated with 16.7% of all pneumonias, 41.2% in children. The viral pathogen with the highest incidence in children aged < 5 years was RSV (417.1/100 000 per year) and in persons aged >= 50 years, influenza virus A (38.8/100 000 per year). These data can help guide health policy towards effective prevention strategies. C1 [Olsen, S. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thamthitiwat, S.; Baggett, H. C.; Maloney, S.; Peruski, L. F.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Chantra, S.] Crown Prince Hosp, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. [Fry, A. M.; Simmerman, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peret, T. C. T.; Erdman, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Benson, R.; Thacker, L.; Tondella, M. L.; Winchell, J.; Fields, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talkington, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nicholson, W. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dowell, S. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Dis Detect & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SOlsen@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Thailand Ministry of Public Health FX We thank Peera Areerat and Denchai Sornkij for their senior leadership in the field; Sununta Henchaichon, Suchada Kaewchana, Prabda Prapasiri, Sathapana Naorat, Possawat Jorakate and Anek Kaewpan for technical assistance in the field; Julie Fisher, Julia Rhodes, Prasong Srisaengchai, Pongpun Sawatwong and Pornpak Khunatorn for assistance in data management; Sona Budhiraja, Vondguraus McClee, George Gallucci, Julita Yarwood and Henrietta Hall for assistance in the laboratory. Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1822 DI 10.1017/S0950268810000646 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 677SK UT WOS:000284011900019 PM 20353622 ER PT J AU Ferre, CD Jones, L Norris, KC Rowley, DL AF Ferre, Cynthia D. Jones, Loretta Norris, Keith C. Rowley, Diane L. TI THE HEALTHY AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES (HAAF) PROJECT: FROM COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TO COMMUNITY-PARTNERED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Community-based Participatory Research; Community-partnered Participatory Research; African American; Family ID EMPOWERMENT; WOMEN AB During the past two decades, there has been an increased use of community-based participatory research in public health activities, especially as part of efforts to understand health disparities affecting communities of color. This article describes the history and lessons learned of a long-standing community participatory project, Healthy African American Families (HAAF), in Los Angeles, California. HAAF evolved from a partnership formed by a community advisory board, university, and federal health agency to an independent, incorporated community organization that facilitates and brokers research and health promotion activities within its community. HAAF created mechanisms for community education and networks of community relationships and reciprocity through which mutual support, research, and interventions are integrated. These sustained, institutionalized relationships unite resources and both community and scientific expertise in a community-partnered participatory research model to address multiple health problems in the community, including preterm birth, HIV, asthma, depression, and diabetes. The HAAF participatory process builds on existing community resiliency and resources and on centuries of self-help, problem-solving, cooperative action, and community activism within the African American community. HAAF demonstrates how community-partnered participatory research can be a mechanism for directing power, collective action, system change, and social justice in the process of addressing health disparities at the community level. (Ethn Dis. 2010;20 [Suppl 2]:s2-1 s2-8) C1 [Ferre, Cynthia D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jones, Loretta] Healthy African Amer Families, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Jones, Loretta; Norris, Keith C.] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rowley, Diane L.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ferre, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-23,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cferre@cdc.gov FU CDC [200-92-0564, 200-2005-M-13869, 200-2006-M-18464, 200-2006-M-18434]; CDC, Minority Health Professions Foundation, Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine [U50/CCU304522-06]; Charles R. Drew University [U50/CCU304522-06]; Inter-Agency Personnel Agreements [99IPA-06350, 01IPA-24636, 07IPA-19503]; CDC Foundation [P0078533]; National Institutes of Health [AG-02-004, RR11145, U54 RR019234, RR14616, MD00182] FX This work was supported by CDC Contracts 200-92-0564, 200-2005-M-13869, 200-2006-M-18464, and 200-2006-M-18434; CDC, Minority Health Professions Foundation, Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, and the Charles R. Drew University cooperative agreement U50/CCU304522-06; Inter-Agency Personnel Agreements 99IPA-06350, 01IPA-24636, and 07IPA-19503, the CDC Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation P0078533, and grants AG-02-004, RR11145, U54 RR019234, RR14616, and MD00182 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 SU 2 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589RM UT WOS:000277170500002 ER PT J AU Jones, L Lu, MC Lucas-Wright, A Dillon-Brown, N Broussard, M Wright, K Maidenberg, M Norris, K Ferre, C AF Jones, Loretta Lu, Michael C. Lucas-Wright, Aziza Dillon-Brown, Neysa Broussard, Marsha Wright, Kynna Maidenberg, Molly Norris, Keith Ferre, Cynthia TI ONE HUNDRED INTENTIONAL ACTS OF KINDNESS TOWARD A PREGNANT WOMAN: BUILDING REPRODUCTIVE SOCIAL CAPITAL IN LOS ANGELES SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PRETERM BIRTH; LIFE EVENTS; STRESS AB This article describes the development of an innovative community-based program, One Hundred Intentional Acts of Kindness toward a Pregnant Woman (c) (100 Acts), which seeks to increase reproductive social capital for pregnant women in south and central Los Angeles communities. Reproductive social capital includes features such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate optimal reproductive health within a community. 100 Acts was designed and developed by the Healthy African American Families project, using community participatory methods, to increase local community and social network support for pregnant women. Dialog groups with pregnant women identified specific actions that families, friends, and strangers might do to support pregnancies. Participants primarily wanted emotional and instrumental support from family and friends. From strangers, they wanted respect for personal space and common courtesy. Based on these results, the 100 Acts was created for use in the Los Angeles community. 100 Acts encourages and engages active participation from community members in promoting healthy pregnancies. By seeking to increase community-level reproductive social capital, 100 Acts shifts the provision of social support during pregnancy from a high-risk approach to a population approach. 100 Acts also establishes new social norms about how pregnant women are valued, treated and respected. (Ethn Dis. 2010;20 [Suppl 2]:s2-36 s2-40) C1 [Jones, Loretta; Lucas-Wright, Aziza] Healthy African Amer Families, Los Angeles, CA 90008 USA. [Lu, Michael C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lu, Michael C.; Maidenberg, Molly] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lu, Michael C.; Maidenberg, Molly] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Wright, Kynna] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Norris, Keith] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Dept Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ferre, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, L (reprint author), Healthy African Amer Families, 3756 Santa Rosalia Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90008 USA. EM LJonesHAAF@aol.com FU CDC Purchase Order [000HC63-2006-32124]; CDC Foundation; W.K. Kellogg Foundation [P0078533]; Charles R. Drew University; National Institutes of Health [AG-02-004, RR11145, U54 RR019234, RR14616, MD00182]; University of California at Los Angeles FX This work was supported by CDC Purchase Order 000HC63-2006-32124, Inter-Agency Personnel Agreements 99IPA-06350 and 01IPA-24636, the CDC Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation P0078533, Charles R. Drew University grants AG-02-004, RR11145, U54 RR019234, RR14616, and MD00182 from the National Institutes of Health, and the University of California at Los Angeles. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 SU 2 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589RM UT WOS:000277170500007 ER PT J AU Lauderdale, TLY Wang, JT Lee, WS Huang, JH McDonald, LC Huang, IW Chang, SC AF Lauderdale, T. -L. Y. Wang, J. -T. Lee, W. -S. Huang, J. -H. McDonald, L. C. Huang, I. -W. Chang, S. -C. TI Carriage rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) depend on anatomic location, the number of sites cultured, culture methods, and the distribution of clonotypes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE CULTURES; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NASAL CARRIAGE; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; BROTH ENRICHMENT; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NETHERLANDS AB The present study was carried out to determine how active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could be improved by the use of enrichment broth and the inclusion of extra-nasal sites with nares cultures. Molecular typing was also performed to identify colonization by single or multiple strains. Surveillance cultures for MRSA were obtained from 650 patients on admission to a medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Taiwan. MRSA was detected on directly plated vs. broth-enrichment cultures in any site at 10.0% vs. 24.2%, nares 8.2% vs. 17.5%, throat 4.8% vs. 13.4%, axilla 1.2% vs. 9.1%, and perineum 1.8% vs. 9.5%, respectively. Nares cultures alone detected only 81.5% and 72.5% of all colonized patients by direct and broth-enriched cultures, respectively. The molecular typing of 68 isolates from 17 patients revealed that multisite isolates were largely indistinguishable within each patient, but four patients had multiple subtypes and another three patients had different clonotypes. The detection of MRSA carriers was considerably enhanced by broth-enrichment cultures at multiple anatomic sites and simultaneous colonization by multiple strains at different sites can occur. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the likelihood of subsequent nosocomial infection among colonized patients detected via direct nasal versus broth-enriched cultures from multiple sites. C1 [Wang, J. -T.; Chang, S. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Lauderdale, T. -L. Y.; Huang, I. -W.] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Zhunan, Taiwan. [Lee, W. -S.] Taipei Med Univ, Dept Internal Med, Wan Fang Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan. [Huang, J. -H.] Taipei Cathay Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Taipei, Taiwan. [McDonald, L. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent & Response Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chang, SC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM changsc@ntu.edu.tw RI Lauderdale, Tsai-Ling/B-2660-2010; OI CHANG, SHAN-CHWEN/0000-0001-6505-4139; WANG, JANN-TAY/0000-0002-0924-3469 FU Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Taiwan [CB9411]; National Health Research Institutes [CL-094-PP-02, CL-095-PP-02] FX We thank Dr. John Jernigan for the discussion and suggestions on the design of the surveillance project and Dr. Calvin Kunin for his critical review of the manuscript. We also thank Wan-Wen Chen and Shang-Chi Lin for performing the microbiology cultures, and Hui-Yin Wang and Hong-Yi Chen for the technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Taiwan (CB9411), and in part by an intramural grant from the National Health Research Institutes (CL-094-PP-02 and CL-095-PP-02). NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1553 EP 1559 DI 10.1007/s10096-010-1042-8 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 688KO UT WOS:000284848400014 PM 20820833 ER PT J AU Zemtsova, G Killmaster, LF Mumcuoglu, KY Levin, ML AF Zemtsova, G. Killmaster, L. F. Mumcuoglu, K. Y. Levin, M. L. TI Co-feeding as a route for transmission of Rickettsia conorii israelensis between Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia conorii; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Co-feeding; Transstadial transmission; Infection; Immunity ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED-FEVER; HOST IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION; SERUM COMPONENTS; COFEEDING TICKS; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; MODEL SYSTEM; IXODID TICKS AB Rickettsia conorii is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is the recognized vector of R. conorii. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of R. conorii israelensis transmission between co-feeding Rh. sanguineus ticks. Infected Rh. sanguineus adults and uninfected nymphs were fed simultaneously upon either naive dogs or a dog previously exposed to this agent. When ticks were placed upon naive dogs, 92-100% of nymphs acquired the infection and 80-88% of infected engorged nymphs transmitted it transstadially. When ticks were placed upon a seropositive dog, only 8-28.5% of recipient nymphs became infected. Our results establish the first evidence for efficient natural transmission of R. conorii israelensis between co-feeding ticks upon both naive and seropositive dogs. This route of transmission can ensure continuous circulation of R. conorii israelensis in tick vectors even in the absence of naive reservoir hosts. C1 [Zemtsova, G.; Killmaster, L. F.; Levin, M. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mumcuoglu, K. Y.] Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Levin, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLevin@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10493-010-9375-7 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 688HI UT WOS:000284840000005 PM 20589416 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Lin, GX Jefferson, AM Roberts, JR Wirth, O Hayashi, Y Krajnak, KM Soukup, JM Ghio, AJ Reynolds, SH Castranova, V Munson, AE Antonini, JM AF Sriram, Krishnan Lin, Gary X. Jefferson, Amy M. Roberts, Jenny R. Wirth, Oliver Hayashi, Yusuke Krajnak, Kristine M. Soukup, Joleen M. Ghio, Andrew J. Reynolds, Steven H. Castranova, Vincent Munson, Albert E. Antonini, James M. TI Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease-linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese-containing welding fumes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brain; DJ-1; neurodegeneration; Park genes; proteasome; ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ID EARLY-ONSET PARKINSONISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL-DEATH; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; JUVENILE PARKINSONISM; NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; S18Y POLYMORPHISM; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AB Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. An important health concern of welding fume (WF) exposure is neurological dysfunction akin to Parkinson's disease (PD), thought to be mediated by manganese (Mn) in the fumes. Also, there is a proposition that welding might accelerate the onset of PD. Our recent findings link the presence of Mn in the WF with dopaminergic neurotoxicity seen in rats exposed to manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMA-HS) or gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS) fumes. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms further, we investigated the association of PD-linked (Park) genes and mitochondrial function in causing dopaminergic abnormality. Repeated instillations of the two fumes at doses that mimic similar to 1 to 5 yr of worker exposure resulted in selective brain accumulation of Mn. This accumulation caused impairment of mitochondrial function and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, indicative of dopaminergic injury. A fascinating finding was the altered expression of Parkin (Park2), Uchl1 (Park5), and Dj1 (Park7) proteins in dopaminergic brain areas. A similar regimen of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) also caused extensive loss of striatal TH, mitochondrial electron transport components, and Park proteins. As mutations in PARK genes have been linked to early-onset PD in humans, and because welding is implicated as a risk factor for parkinsonism, PARK genes might play a critical role in WF-mediated dopaminergic dysfunction. Whether these molecular alterations culminate in neurobehavioral and neuropathological deficits reminiscent of PD remains to be ascertained.-Sriram, K., Lin, G. X., Jefferson, A. M., Roberts, J. R., Wirth, O., Hayashi, Y., Krajnak, K. M., Soukup, J. M., Ghio, A. J., Reynolds, S. H., Castranova, V., Munson, A. E., Antonini, J. M. Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease-linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese-containing welding fumes. FASEB J. 24, 4989-5002 (2010). www.fasebj.org C1 [Sriram, Krishnan] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Soukup, Joleen M.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sriram, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kos4@cdc.gov NR 96 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 12 BP 4989 EP 5002 DI 10.1096/fj.10-163964 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 688BO UT WOS:000284824400037 PM 20798247 ER PT J AU Beesley, CA Vanner, CL Helsel, LO Gee, JE Hoffmaster, AR AF Beesley, Cari A. Vanner, Cynthia L. Helsel, Leta O. Gee, Jay E. Hoffmaster, Alex R. TI Identification and characterization of clinical Bacillus spp. isolates phenotypically similar to Bacillus anthracis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; Brevibacterium frigoritolerans; anthrax; direct fluorescent-antibody assay; polyglutamic acid capsule ID POLY-GAMMA-GLUTAMATE; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; INHALATION ANTHRAX; PX02 GENES; CAPSULE; CEREUS; CONNECTICUT; PNEUMONIA; VIRULENCE; GENETICS AB Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive, spore-forming rod, with colonies exhibiting a unique ground-glass appearance, and lacking hemolysis and motility. In addition to these phenotypes, several others traits are characteristic of B. anthracis such as susceptibility to gamma phage, the presence of two virulence plasmids (pX01 and pX02), and specific cell wall and capsular antigens that are commonly detected by direct fluorescent-antibody assays. We report on the identification and characterization of 14 Bacillus megaterium and four Bacillus sp. clinical isolates that are nonhemolytic, nonmotile, and produce a capsule antigenically similar to B. anthracis. This work furthers our understanding of Bacillus diversity and the limitations of the assays and phenotypes that are used to differentiate species in this genus. Further work is necessary to understand whether these strains are opportunistic pathogens or just contaminates. C1 [Beesley, Cari A.; Helsel, Leta O.; Gee, Jay E.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vanner, Cynthia L.] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. RP Beesley, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbeesley@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); US Department of Energy FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. The authors would like to thank Hans P. Hinrikson for his recommendations pertaining to bacterial identification and classification, and Arnold G. Steigerwalt for performing the molecular comparisons of the SBRL historical collection of isolates. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 313 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02120.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 678IY UT WOS:000284068500007 PM 20883499 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Mull, B Jothikumar, N Ferdinand, K Vinje, J AF Hill, Vincent R. Mull, Bonnie Jothikumar, Narayanan Ferdinand, Karen Vinje, Jan TI Detection of GI and GII Noroviruses in Ground Water Using Ultrafiltration and TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Norovirus; Ground water; Ultrafiltration; Real-time RT-PCR ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; DRINKING-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; MICROPOROUS FILTERS; VIRUS ADSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; ONE-STEP; ASSAY; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS AB Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastrointestinal illness globally. These viruses can potentially contaminate rural private wells and non-community drinking water systems, and cause waterborne disease outbreaks related to consumption of contaminated ground water. Detection of NoVs in water samples can be challenging because they are genetically and antigenically diverse, and noncultivable. In the present study, the detection limits of a novel broadly reactive GI assay and an existing GII NoV real-time TaqMan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay in ground water concentrates was determined. Ground water samples (50 l) from two sources (Lawrenceville, GA and Gainesville, FL, USA) were seeded with electron microscopy-enumerated and RT-qPCR quantified NoV and concentrated using hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) followed by either polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation or microconcentrators. Detection limits for GI NoV ranged from 1 x 10(4) (GA source) to 2 x 10(5) (FL source) virus particles in 50 l water samples (corresponding to 200-3,000 particles/l) and 5 x 10(4) (GA source) to 5 x 10(5) (FL source) virus particles (corresponding to 1,000-10,000 particles/l) for GII NoV. The reported UF method, sample processing procedures, and RT-qPCR assays should be effective tools for sensitive detection of NoVs in large-volume water samples. C1 [Hill, Vincent R.; Mull, Bonnie; Jothikumar, Narayanan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ferdinand, Karen; Vinje, Jan] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mull, Bonnie; Ferdinand, Karen] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vhill@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012; OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU CDCs Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response FX We thank Charles Humphrey (CDC) for performing electron microscopy. This publication was supported in part by funds made available through CDCs Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response. The use of trade names and names of commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the CDC or the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the CDC. This article received clearance through the appropriate channels at the CDC prior to submission. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s12560-010-9049-y PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 735UF UT WOS:000288444100004 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Priestley, RA Massung, RF AF Loftis, Amanda D. Priestley, Rachael A. Massung, Robert F. TI Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Commercially Available Raw Milk from the United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER; CONSUMPTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SAMPLES AB Unpasteurized (raw) milk can be purchased in 39 U.S. states, with direct consumer purchase for human consumption permitted in 29 of those 39 states. Raw milk (n = 21; cow, 14; goat, 7) was purchased in 12 states, and Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, was detected in 9 of 21 (42.9%) samples tested by polymerase chain reaction. Viability of the pathogen was demonstrated by isolation of the agent in tissue culture. The demonstration of viable C. burnetii in commercially available raw milk poses a potential public health risk. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.; Priestley, Rachael A.; Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1453 EP 1456 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0579 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 688GH UT WOS:000284837300002 PM 20704507 ER PT J AU Sjolund-Karlsson, M Rickert, R Matar, C Pecic, G Howie, RL Joyce, K Medalla, F Barzilay, EJ Whichard, JM AF Sjoelund-Karlsson, Maria Rickert, Regan Matar, Caline Pecic, Gary Howie, Rebecca L. Joyce, Kevin Medalla, Felicita Barzilay, Ezra J. Whichard, Jean M. TI Salmonella Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; RESISTANT; PLASMIDS; INFECTIONS; ENTERICA; HUMANS; ANIMALS; CMY-2 AB Objective: We describe the antimicrobial susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) isolated from humans in the United States and explore resistance mechanisms for isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone or ceftiofur. We further explore the concordance between the newly revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for ceftriaxone and the presence of a beta-lactamase. Methods: In 2005 and 2006, public health laboratories in all U. S. state health departments forwarded every 20th NTS isolate from humans to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for enteric bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Isolates displaying decreased susceptibility (MIC >= 2mg/L) to ceftriaxone or ceftiofur were included in the study. The presence of beta-lactamase genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing, targeting six different genes (bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(PSE), and bla(CMY)). Plasmid location of bla(CMY) was confirmed by transforming plasmids into Escherichia coli. Results: Among the 4236 isolates of NTS submitted to NARMS in 2005 and 2006, 175 (4.1%) displayed decreased susceptibility to either ceftriaxone or ceftiofur. By polymerase chain reaction screening, one or more beta-lactamase genes could be detected in 139 (80.8%) isolates. The most prevalent resistance mechanism detected was the AmpC beta-lactamase gene bla(CMY). Other beta-lactamase genes detected included 11 bla(TEM-1), 3 bla(PSE-1), 2 bla(OXA-1), and 1 bla(CTX-M-15). The ceftriaxone MIC values for the bla(CMY)-containing isolates ranged from 4 to 64mg/L; all bla(CMY)-bearing isolates were classified as ceftriaxone resistant according to current CLSI guidelines. Conclusions: Among NTS isolates submitted to NARMS in 2005 and 2006, cephamycinase beta-lactamases are the predominant cause of decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. The fact that all bla(CMY)-containing isolates were classified as resistant to ceftriaxone (MIC >= 4mg/L) supports the newly revised CLSI breakpoints for cephalosporins and Enterobacteriaceae. C1 [Sjoelund-Karlsson, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Syst, CCID NCZVED DFBMD EDLB, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rickert, Regan] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Pecic, Gary; Howie, Rebecca L.] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sjolund-Karlsson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Syst, CCID NCZVED DFBMD EDLB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G29, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov FU CDC; Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine FX We thank the NARMS-participating public health laboratories for submitting the isolates and the New York City Department of Public Health for providing patient interview information. We also thank Peter Gerner-Smidt, M.D., Ph.D., and Frederick J. Angulo, D.V.M, Ph.D., both at CDC, Atlanta, GA, for comments and critical reading of the article. This work was supported by an interagency agreement between CDC and the Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0607 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 688GH UT WOS:000284837300009 PM 20704496 ER PT J AU Palomaki, GE Melillo, S Neveux, L Douglas, MP Dotson, WD Janssens, ACJW Balkite, EA Bradley, LA AF Palomaki, Glenn E. Melillo, Stephanie Neveux, Louis Douglas, Michael P. Dotson, W. David Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Balkite, Elizabeth A. Bradley, Linda A. TI Use of genomic profiling to assess risk for cardiovascular disease and identify individualized prevention strategies-A targeted evidence-based review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE evidence review; genomic profiles; cardiovascular disease; analytic validity; clinical validity; clinical utility ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; CHROMOSOME 9P21.3; WIDE ASSOCIATION; SCREENING-TEST; ROC CURVE; PREDICTION; RECLASSIFICATION; METAANALYSIS AB To address the key question of whether using available "cardiogenomic profiles" leads to improved health outcomes (e. g., reduction in rates of myocardial infarction and stroke) and whether these profiles help in making medical or personal decisions. Methods: A targeted evidence-based review based on published Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention methodologies. Results: No study addressed the overarching question directly. Evidence for the analytic validity of genomic profiles was inadequate for most genes (scale: convincing, adequate, and inadequate), but based on gray data, the analytic sensitivity and specificity might be adequate. For the 29 candidate genes (58 separate associations reviewed), the credibility of evidence for clinical validity was weak (34 associations) to moderate (23 associations), based on limited evidence, potential biases, and/or variability between included studies. The association of 9p21 variants with heart disease had strong credibility with odds ratios of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.82) and 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-1.30), respectively, for individuals with no, or two, at-risk alleles versus those with one at-risk allele. Using a multiplicative model, we combined information from 24 markers predicting heart disease and from 13 markers for stroke. The areas under the curves (64.7% and 55.2%, respectively), and overall screening performance (detection rates of 24% and 14% at a 10% false-positive rate, respectively) do not warrant use as stand-alone tests. Conclusion: Even if genomic markers were independent of traditional risk factors, reports indicate that cardiovascular disease risk reclassification would be small. Improvement in health could occur with earlier initiation or higher adherence to medical or behavioral interventions, but no prospective studies documented such improvements (clinical utility). Genet Med 2010:12(12):772-784. C1 [Palomaki, Glenn E.; Neveux, Louis; Bradley, Linda A.] Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Melillo, Stephanie; Douglas, Michael P.; Dotson, W. David; Bradley, Linda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Melillo, Stephanie; Douglas, Michael P.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Janssens, A. Cecile J. W.] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Balkite, Elizabeth A.] ABQ Associates Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Palomaki, GE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Alpert Med Sch, 70 Elm St,2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM gpalomaki@ipmms.org OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976; Dotson, William David/0000-0002-9606-6594 FU Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2003-01396-0128]; McKing Consulting Corporation, Inc. FX This report was supported by the Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a contract (200-2003-01396-0128) with McKing Consulting Corporation, Inc. The authors thank the EGAPP Working Group members of the Technical Evaluation Panel including Ned Calonge, MD, MPH (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment); Celia Kaye, MD, PhD (University of Colorado School of Medicine); Carolyn Sue Richards, PhD, FACMG (Oregon Health & Science University); and Joan A. Scott, MS, CGC (Johns Hopkins University). The authors also thank unpaid consultants Christopher J. O'Donnell, MD, MPH (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/NHLBI Framingham Heart Study) and Colleen McBride, PhD (Chief, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute [NHGRI]) who provided guidance and comments on drafts of this manuscript. The authors also thank the reviewers of this manuscript and evidence report, including Donna K. Arnett, PhD, MSPH (University of Alabama at Birmingham) and Yuling Hong, MD, PhD, Associate Director for Science, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 12 BP 772 EP 784 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181f8728d PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 692VJ UT WOS:000285183500003 PM 21045709 ER PT J AU Burke, W Burton, H Hall, AE Karmali, M Khoury, MJ Knoppers, B Meslin, EM Stanley, F Wright, CF Zimmern, RL AF Burke, Wylie Burton, Hilary Hall, Alison E. Karmali, Mohamed Khoury, Muin J. Knoppers, Bartha Meslin, Eric M. Stanley, Fiona Wright, Caroline F. Zimmern, Ronald L. CA Ickworth Grp TI Extending the reach of public health genomics: What should be the agenda for public health in an era of genome-based and "personalized" medicine? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE public health; genomics; global health; ethics; translation; research priorities ID FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POPULATION HEALTH; COMMON DISEASES; RESEARCH ETHICS; IMPACT; PREVENTION; GENETICS AB The decade following the completion of the Human Genome Project has been marked by divergent claims about the utility of genomics for improving population health. On the one hand, genomics is viewed as the harbinger of a brave new world in which novel treatments rectify known causes of disease. On the other hand, genomics may have little practical relevance to the principal causes or remedies of diseases which are predominantly social or environmental in origin, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Those supportive of a role for public health genomics argue that increasing knowledge of genomics and molecular pathology could unlock effective diagnostic techniques and treatments, and better target public health interventions. To resolve some of these tensions, an international multidisciplinary meeting was held in May 2010 in Ickworth, United Kingdom, with the aim of setting an agenda for the development of public health in an era of genome-based and "personalized" medicine. A number of key themes emerged, suggesting a need to reconfigure both the focus for existing genomic research and the stage at which funding is targeted, so that priority is given to areas of greatest potential health impact and that translation from basic science to implementation is given greater emphasis. To support these developments, there should be an immediate, sustained and systematic effort to provide an evidence base. These deliberations formed the basis for six key recommendations, which could guide the practice of public health in an era of genomics and personalized medicine. Genet Med 2010:12(12):785-791. C1 [Burke, Wylie] Univ Washington, Dept Bioeth & Humanities, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burton, Hilary; Hall, Alison E.; Wright, Caroline F.; Zimmern, Ronald L.] PHG Fdn, Cambridge, England. [Karmali, Mohamed] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Off Biotechnol Genom & Populat Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Karmali, Mohamed] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Knoppers, Bartha] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Ctr Genom & Policy, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Meslin, Eric M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Bioeth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Stanley, Fiona] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bioeth & Humanities, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM alison.hall@phgfoundation.org RI Wright, Caroline/N-5355-2015; OI Wright, Caroline/0000-0003-2958-5076; Karmali, Mohamed/0000-0001-7308-6085 FU PHG Foundation; Centre of Genomics and Policy (McGill University, Montreal, Canada); Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Center for Bioethics (Indiana University, Indiana) through Richard M. Fairbanks Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the PHG Foundation; the Center for Bioethics (Indiana University, Indiana) through a Grant from the Richard M. Fairbanks Foundation; the Centre of Genomics and Policy (McGill University, Montreal, Canada); and the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research (with support from Mr. Stan and Mrs. Jean Perron and the University of Western Australia) for their financial support for the Ickworth meeting. The authors also thank all the participants, listed below, for their engaged and thoughtful contributions (listed in alphabetical order): NR 41 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 12 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182011222 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 692VJ UT WOS:000285183500004 PM 21189494 ER PT J AU Waltenburg, R Kobrynski, L Reyes, M Bowen, S Khoury, MJ AF Waltenburg, Rachel Kobrynski, Lisa Reyes, Michele Bowen, Scott Khoury, Muin J. TI Primary immunodeficiency diseases: Practice among primary care providers and awareness among the general public, United States, 2008 SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE primary immunodeficiency; genetic diseases; immunology; awareness; health promotion ID INTERNET-BASED PATIENT; RESEARCH DATABASE; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AUSTRALIA AB Purpose: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) represent a class of genetic diseases of the immune system. Delayed primary immunodeficiency disorder diagnosis leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study assessed current primary immunodeficiency disorder practice among physicians and awareness among the public. Methods: Primary immunodeficiency disorder practice and awareness data were collected using national surveys of physicians (DocStyles) and the public (HealthStyles). Results: Physician respondents (n = 1250) were family practitioners (41%), internists (39%), and pediatricians (20%). Overall, 32% of physicians had diagnosed, treated, or referred a patient with primary immunodeficiency disorder in the last 5 years. Physician specialty was the only significant predictor of having a patient with primary immunodeficiency disorder in unconditional logistic modeling (pediatrician odds ratio = 4.4; internist odds ratio = 1.5; and family practitioner odds ratio = referent). When a possible primary immunodeficiency disorder case presented, 81% of physicians performed laboratory testing and 77% referred the patient to a specialist. Of the general population surveyed (n = 5399), 40% were aware of primary immunodeficiency disorder. Those respondents were more likely to be older, female, white, married (ever), more highly educated, with a higher income level. Most people learned about primary immunodeficiency disorder from media outlets (64% television/radio and 41% magazine/newspaper). Conclusion: Additional primary immunodeficiency disorder educational efforts, which target both physicians and the public, may be needed because increased primary immunodeficiency disorder awareness may lead to earlier diagnosis and less morbidity and mortality. Genet Med 2010:12(12):792-800. C1 [Waltenburg, Rachel; Reyes, Michele; Bowen, Scott; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kobrynski, Lisa] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Waltenburg, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zoy8@cdc.gov FU US Department of Energy; CDC; CDC funding through the Jeffrey Model Foundation FX This research was supported in part by an appointment (R.W.) to the Research Participation Program at the CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. The authors thank William (David) Dotson, PhD, for his detailed review of this manuscript. CDC funding through the Jeffrey Model Foundation made this study possible. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 EI 1530-0366 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 12 BP 792 EP 800 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181f3e2c9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 692VJ UT WOS:000285183500005 PM 20885331 ER PT J AU Trujillo, AJ Ortiz, AIV Gomez, FR Steinhardt, LC AF Trujillo, Antonio J. Ortiz, Andres Ignacio Vecino Ruiz Gomez, Fernando Steinhardt, Laura C. TI Health Insurance Doesn't Seem To Discourage Prevention Among Diabetes Patients In Colombia SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; MELLITUS; MANAGEMENT; COUNTRIES; SERVICES; CARE AB In the South American nation of Colombia, as elsewhere, patients with type 2 diabetes often avoid care that could prevent their condition from worsening. Availability of health insurance may play a role in explaining this behavior. Some patients with diabetes skip preventive measures because they have insurance and calculate that they can access curative services later in life. Insurers may limit preventive services coverage because they can't be assured of sharing in the eventual savings that emerge when a chronic condition such as diabetes is managed properly. Our analysis of a nationally representative sample of Colombians who have type 2 diabetes and who pay premiums into the country's "contributory" insurance program, found no evidence that insurance influences those individuals to avoid preventive services. The evidence is less clear for those participating in a different, fully subsidized insurance program, who-despite the availability of preventive care-are no more likely to seek preventive visits than are uninsured patients. We propose controlled experiments to identify and measure the true causal effects of insurance on prevention and, more broadly, steps to increase patients' understanding of the benefits of prevention. C1 [Trujillo, Antonio J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ortiz, Andres Ignacio Vecino] Univ Washington, Global Hlth Dept, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruiz Gomez, Fernando] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Ctr Dev Projects, Bogota, Colombia. [Steinhardt, Laura C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trujillo, AJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM atrujill@jhsph.edu FU Inter-American Development Bank FX This project was funded by the Inter-American Development Bank. The authors are indebted to Amanda Glassman and Antonio Gluffrida for valuable comments during the development of the project. They also gratefully acknowledge suggestions by Philip Musgrove, Stephen Langel, and three anonymous referees on different versions of this manuscript. The paper benefits from suggestions made by participants in several seminars in the United States and Colombia. Lastly, this work was presented at the Hemispheric Meeting of the Social Protection and Health Network, Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Latin America and the Caribbean, which was held in Santiago, Chile, October 2010. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2180 EP 2188 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0463 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 690PF UT WOS:000285016000007 PM 21134918 ER PT J AU Fox, PJ Vazquez, L Tonner, C Stevens, JA Fineman, N Ross, LK AF Fox, Patrick J. Vazquez, Laurie Tonner, Chris Stevens, Judy A. Fineman, Norman Ross, Leslie K. TI A Randomized Trial of a Multifaceted Intervention to Reduce Falls Among Community-Dwelling Adults SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE fall prevention; older adults; randomized controlled trial ID OLDER-ADULTS; ELDERLY PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; MULTIFACTORIAL INTERVENTION; PREVENTING FALLS; GAIT DISORDERS; PEOPLE; EXERCISE; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION AB Using a randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of a fall prevention intervention to reduce falls among adults in a community-based health promotion program. Adults aged 65 and older within two counties were recruited (control n = 257; intervention n = 286). After 12 months, there was a significant decrease in the number of falls in both groups (odds ratio = 0.45, p < .04), but the time by group membership interaction was not significant (chi(2) - 0.15, p < .69). Multivariate analysis did not find significant differences between the control and intervention groups for physical function as measured by a balance test or a sitting/standing test. Further research is needed on effective methods to deliver multifaceted fall interventions to older adults who are already being served by community health promotion programs. C1 [Fox, Patrick J.; Fineman, Norman; Ross, Leslie K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Inst Hlth & Aging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Vazquez, Laurie] Univ Calif San Francisco, Davis Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Stevens, Judy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fox, PJ (reprint author), 3333 Calif St, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM pat.fox@ucsf.edu NR 53 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 831 EP 848 DI 10.1177/1090198110366003 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690LA UT WOS:000285005100006 PM 21051772 ER PT J AU McKnight-Eily, L Arrazola, R Merritt, R Malarcher, A Sirichotiratana, N AF McKnight-Eily, Lela Arrazola, Rene Merritt, Robert Malarcher, Ann Sirichotiratana, Nithat TI Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Current Smoking Among Adolescent Students in Thailand, 2005 SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Thailand; tobacco; smoking; adolescents; psychosocial factors ID PREVENTION; PREDICTORS; ONSET; YOUTH AB This article examines the prevalence of current smoking and associated psychosocial correlates and whether these correlates differ by sex among adolescent students in Thailand. Data were analyzed from the Thailand Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a school-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 and completed by Mathayom 1, 2, and 3 (U.S. seventh through ninth grades) students. Weighted prevalence estimates of the percentage of students who were current smokers (smoked on >= 1 day during the past 30 days) and noncurrent smokers were calculated for the sample and for each psychosocial variable. Separate logistic regression models were calculated for males and females to examine the independent association of the psychosocial correlates of current smoking. Significant correlates for both males and females included close peer smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, being offered a free cigarette by a tobacco industry representative, and belief that smoking is not harmful. These correlates are examined in the context of comprehensive tobacco control laws in Thailand. C1 [McKnight-Eily, Lela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Arrazola, Rene; Malarcher, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Merritt, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sirichotiratana, Nithat] Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP McKnight-Eily, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrmcknight@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 863 EP 878 DI 10.1177/1090198110366100 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690LA UT WOS:000285005100008 PM 20980536 ER PT J AU Ulsh, BA AF Ulsh, Brant A. TI CHECKING THE FOUNDATION: RECENT RADIOBIOLOGY AND THE LINEAR NO-THRESHOLD THEORY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE chromosome aberration; cytogenetics; health effects; linear hypothesis ID DOUBLE-STRAND-BREAK; DOSE IONIZING-RADIATION; TRANSFORMATION IN-VITRO; NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSES; X-RAY EXAMINATIONS; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE AB The linear no-threshold (LNT) theory has been adopted as the foundation of radiation protection standards and risk estimation for several decades. The "microdosimetric argument" has been offered in support of the LNT theory. This argument postulates that energy is deposited in critical cellular targets by radiation in a linear fashion across all doses down to zero, and that this in turn implies a linear relationship between dose and biological effect across all doses. This paper examines whether the microdosimetric argument holds at the lowest levels of biological organization following low dose, low dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation. The assumptions of the microdosimetric argument are evaluated in light of recent radiobiological studies on radiation damage in biological molecules and cellular and tissue level responses to radiation damage. There is strong evidence that radiation initially deposits energy in biological molecules (e.g., DNA) in a linear fashion, and that this energy deposition results in various forms of prompt DNA damage that may be produced in a pattern that is distinct from endogenous (e.g., oxidative) damage. However, a large and rapidly growing body of radiobiological evidence indicates that cell and tissue level responses to this damage, particularly at low doses and/or dose-rates, are nonlinear and may exhibit thresholds. To the extent that responses observed at lower levels of biological organization in vitro are predictive of carcinogenesis observed in vivo, this evidence directly contradicts the assumptions upon which the microdosimetric argument is based. Health Phys. 99(6):747-758; 2010 C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ulsh, BA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-46, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bau6@cdc.gov NR 114 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 IS 6 BP 747 EP 758 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181e32477 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 678UW UT WOS:000284108100014 PM 21068593 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Hajjeh, R Wecker, J Cherian, T O'Brien, KL Knoll, MD Privor-Dumm, L Kvist, H Nanni, A Bear, AP Santosham, M AF Levine, Orin S. Hajjeh, Rana Wecker, John Cherian, Thomas O'Brien, Katherine L. Knoll, Maria Deloria Privor-Dumm, Lois Kvist, Hans Nanni, Angeline Bear, Allyson P. Santosham, Mathuram TI A policy framework for accelerating adoption of new vaccines SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE vaccines; policy; Hib; rotavirus; pneumococcal; immunization ID VACCINATION AB Rapid uptake of new vaccines can improve health and wealth and contribute to meeting Millennium Development Goals. In the past, however, the introduction and use of new vaccines has been characterized by delayed uptake in the countries where the need is greatest. Based on experience with accelerating the adoption of Hib, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines, we propose here a framework for new vaccine adoption that may be useful for future efforts. The framework organizes the major steps in the process into a continuum from evidence to policy, implementation and finally access. It highlights the important roles of different actors at various times in the process and may allow new vaccine initiatives to save time and improve their efficiency by anticipating key steps and actions. C1 [Levine, Orin S.; O'Brien, Katherine L.; Knoll, Maria Deloria; Privor-Dumm, Lois; Kvist, Hans; Nanni, Angeline; Bear, Allyson P.; Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Vaccine Access Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hajjeh, Rana] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wecker, John] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Cherian, Thomas] WHO, EPI, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Vaccine Access Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. EM olevine@jhsph.edu NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.4161/hv.6.12.13076 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 735SR UT WOS:000288438200015 PM 21150269 ER PT J AU Cox, DL Luthra, A Dunham-Ems, S Desrosiers, DC Salazar, JC Caimano, MJ Radolf, JD AF Cox, David L. Luthra, Amit Dunham-Ems, Star Desrosiers, Daniel C. Salazar, Juan C. Caimano, Melissa J. Radolf, Justin D. TI Surface Immunolabeling and Consensus Computational Framework To Identify Candidate Rare Outer Membrane Proteins of Treponema pallidum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; MAJOR SHEATH PROTEIN; INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION; CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; BETA-BARREL PROTEINS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BINDING PROTEIN; SYPHILIS SPIROCHETE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB Treponema pallidum reacts poorly with the antibodies present in rabbit and human syphilitic sera, a property attributed to the paucity of proteins in its outer membrane. To better understand the basis for the syphilis spirochete's "stealth pathogenicity," we used a dual-label, 3-step amplified assay in which treponemes encapsulated in gel microdroplets were probed with syphilitic sera in parallel with anti-FlaA antibodies. A small (approximately 5 to 10%) but reproducible fraction of intact treponemes bound IgG and/or IgM antibodies. Three lines of evidence supported the notion that the surface antigens were likely beta-barrel-forming outer membrane proteins (OMPs): (i) surface labeling with anti-lipoidal (VDRL) antibodies was not observed, (ii) immunoblot analysis confirmed prior results showing that T. pallidum glycolipids are not immunoreactive, and (iii) labeling of intact organisms was not appreciably affected by proteinase K (PK) treatment. With this method, we also demonstrate that TprK (TP0897), an extensively studied candidate OMP, and TP0136, a lipoprotein recently reported to be surface exposed, are both periplasmic. Consistent with the immunolabeling studies, TprK was also found to lack amphiphilicity, a characteristic property of beta-barrel-forming proteins. Using a consensus computational framework that combined subcellular localization and beta-barrel structural prediction tools, we generated ranked groups of candidate rare OMPs, the predicted T. pallidum outer membrane proteome (OMPeome), which we postulate includes the surface-exposed molecules detected by our enhanced gel microdroplet assay. In addition to underscoring the syphilis spirochete's remarkably poor surface antigenicity, our findings help to explain the complex and shifting balance between pathogen and host defenses that characterizes syphilitic infection. C1 [Luthra, Amit; Dunham-Ems, Star; Desrosiers, Daniel C.; Caimano, Melissa J.; Radolf, Justin D.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Radolf, Justin D.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Cox, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Salazar, Juan C.; Radolf, Justin D.] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Radolf, JD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM JRadolf@up.uchc.edu FU NIH [AI-26756, 5R03TW008023]; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (CCMC) Arrison; Burr Curtis Research Funds; Northeastern Research Center for Excellence (NIH) [U54 AI057159] FX This work was supported by NIH grants AI-26756 (J.D.R.) and 5R03TW008023 (J.C.S.) and by the Connecticut Children's Medical Center (CCMC) Arrison and Burr Curtis Research Funds (J.C.S.). S. D.-E. is the recepient of a career development award from the Northeastern Research Center for Excellence (NIH grant U54 AI057159). NR 131 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 78 IS 12 BP 5178 EP 5194 DI 10.1128/IAI.00834-10 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 680DW UT WOS:000284213600020 PM 20876295 ER PT J AU Meites, E Taur, Y Marino, L Schaefer, M Eagan, J Jensen, B Williams, M Kamboj, M Srinivasan, A AF Meites, Elissa Taur, Ying Marino, Leslie Schaefer, Melissa Eagan, Janet Jensen, Bette Williams, Margaret Kamboj, Mini Srinivasan, Arjun TI Investigation of Increased Rates of Isolation of Bacillus Species SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; CEREUS; CANCER; BLOOD; PSEUDOBACTEREMIA; OUTBREAK; THURINGIENSIS; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND. In 2007-2008, several US hospitals reported summertime increases in the number of clinical blood cultures positive for Bacillus species, which are common environmental bacteria. OBJECTIVE. To investigate increased rates of isolation of Bacillus species from blood cultures, identify risk factors, and recommend control strategies. DESIGN. Survey and case-control study. SETTING. Multiple hospitals, including a cancer center. METHODS. We surveyed 24 facilities that reported increases. We also conducted a field investigation at a hospital with a high rate, reviewing charts, collecting clinical and environmental isolates, and observing infection control procedures. A case-control study compared inpatient case patients who had any blood culture positive for Bacillus with unmatched control patients who had a blood culture with no growth during June-August 2008. RESULTS. Among surveyed facilities, mean monthly rates rose from 25 to a peak of 75 Bacillus-positive blood cultures per 10,000 blood cultures performed during the period June-August. At the hospital where the case-control investigation was conducted, for most case patients (75%), the Bacillus-positive blood cultures represented contamination or device colonization rather than infection. We enrolled 48 case patients and 48 control patients; in multivariate analysis, only central venous access device use was significantly associated with case status (odds ratio, 14.0; P < .01). Laboratory testing identified at least 12 different Bacillus species (non-anthracis) among the isolates. Observation of infection control procedures revealed variability in central line care and blood sample collection techniques. CONCLUSIONS. Periodic increases in the environmental load of Bacillus species may occur in hospitals. Our investigation indicated that at one facility, these increases likely represented a pseudo-outbreak of Bacillus species colonizing central venous lines or their accessories, such as needleless connector devices. Vigilant attention should be paid to infection control practices when collecting blood samples for culture, to minimize the risk of contamination by environmental microorganisms. C1 [Meites, Elissa; Marino, Leslie; Schaefer, Melissa; Jensen, Bette; Williams, Margaret; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Taur, Ying; Kamboj, Mini] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Meites, E (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A 31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emeites@cdc.gov; asrinivasan@cdc.gov OI Taur, Ying/0000-0002-6601-8284; KAMBOJ, MINI/0000-0002-3122-6374; Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1257 EP 1263 DI 10.1086/657584 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 675PJ UT WOS:000283842300008 PM 21029006 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Brown, P Priola, SA Chesebro, B Will, RG Asher, DM AF Belay, Ermias D. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Brown, Paul Priola, Suzette A. Chesebro, Bruce Will, Robert G. Asher, David M. TI Disinfection and Sterilization of Prion-Contaminated Medical Instruments SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DECONTAMINATION; ENCEPHALOPATHIES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIVITY; STEEL C1 [Belay, Ermias D.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Priola, Suzette A.; Chesebro, Bruce] NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. [Asher, David M.] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Will, Robert G.] United Kingdom Natl Creutzfeldt Jakob Dis Surveil, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EBelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1304 EP 1306 DI 10.1086/657579 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 675PJ UT WOS:000283842300018 PM 21047181 ER PT J AU Dey, AN Hicks, P Benoit, S Tokars, JI AF Dey, Achintya N. Hicks, Peter Benoit, Stephen Tokars, Jerome I. TI Automated monitoring of clusters of falls associated with severe winter weather using the BioSense system SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ICE STORM; FRACTURES; INJURIES; SNOW AB Objectives To identify and characterise clusters of emergency department (ED) visits for fall injuries during the 2007-2008 winter season. Methods Hospital ED chief complaints and diagnoses from hospitals reporting to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BioSense system were analysed. The authors performed descriptive analyses, used time series charts on data aggregated by metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and used SaTScan to find spatial-temporal clusters of visits from falls. Results In 2007-2008, 17 clusters of falls in 13 MSAs were found; the median number of excess ED visits for falls was 71 per day. SaTScan identified 11 clusters of falls, of which seven corresponded to MSA clusters found by time series and five included more than one state/district. Most clusters coincided with known periods of snowfall or freezing rain. Conclusion The results show the role that a national automated system can play in tracking widespread injuries. Such a system could be harnessed to assist with prevention strategies. C1 [Dey, Achintya N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dey, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-51, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM adey@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 DI 10.1136/ip.2009.025841 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687CW UT WOS:000284753100012 PM 20805613 ER PT J AU Cura, CI Mejia-Jaramillo, AM Duffy, T Burgos, JM Rodriguero, M Cardinal, MV Kjos, S Gurgel-Goncalves, R Blanchet, D De Pablos, LM Tomasini, N da Silva, A Russomando, G Cuba, CAC Aznar, C Abate, T Levin, MJ Osuna, A Gurtler, RE Diosque, P Solari, A Triana-Chavez, O Schijman, AG AF Cura, Carolina I. Mejia-Jaramillo, Ana M. Duffy, Tomas Burgos, Juan M. Rodriguero, Marcela Cardinal, Marta V. Kjos, Sonia Gurgel-Goncalves, Rodrigo Blanchet, Denis De Pablos, Luis M. Tomasini, Nicolas da Silva, Alexandre Russomando, Graciela Cuba Cuba, Cesar A. Aznar, Christine Abate, Teresa Levin, Mariano J. Osuna, Antonio Guertler, Ricardo E. Diosque, Patricio Solari, Aldo Triana-Chavez, Omar Schijman, Alejandro G. TI Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in different geographical regions and transmission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trypanosoma cruzi I; PCR; Spliced-leader intergenic region; Discrete typing unit; Chagas disease; Genotype ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; INFORMATION CRITERION; MINICIRCLE SIGNATURES; PRIMER-PCR; LINEAGE-I; COLOMBIA; STOCKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The intergenic region of spliced-leader (SL-IR) genes from 105 Trypanosoma cruzi I (Tc I) infected biological samples, culture isolates and stocks from 11 endemic countries, from Argentina to the USA were characterised, allowing identification of 76 genotypes with 54 polymorphic sites from 123 aligned sequences. On the basis of the microsatellite motif proposed by Herrera et al. (2007) to define four haplotypes in Colombia, we could classify these genotypes into four distinct Tc I SL-IR groups, three corresponding to the former haplotypes la (11 genotypes), Ib (11 genotypes) and Id (35 genotypes): and one novel group, le (19 genotypes). Genotypes harbouring the Tc Ic motif were riot detected in our study. Tc la was associated with domestic cycles in southern and northern South America and sylvatic cycles in Central and North America. Tc Ib was found in all transmission cycles from Colombia. Tc Id was identified in all transmission cycles from Argentina and Colombia, including Chagas cardiomyopathy patients, sylvatic Brazilian samples and human cases from French Guiana, Panama and Venezuela. Tc le gathered five samples from domestic Triatoma infestans from northern Argentina, nine samples from wild Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi and two chagasic patients from Chile and one from a Bolivian patient with chagasic reactivation. Mixed infections by Tc la + Tc Id, Tc la + Tc le and Tc Id + T: le were detected in vector faeces and isolates from human and vector samples. In addition, Tc la and Tc Id were identified in different tissues from a heart transplanted Chagas cardiomyopathy patient with reactivation, denoting histotropism. Trypanosoma cruzi I SL-IR genotypes from parasites infecting Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Didelphis virginiana from USA. T. infestans from Paraguay, Rhodnius nasutus and Rhodnius neglectus from Brazil and M. spinolai and M. gajardoi from Chile are to our knowledge described for the first time. (C) 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cura, Carolina I.; Duffy, Tomas; Burgos, Juan M.; Levin, Mariano J.; Schijman, Alejandro G.] INGEBI CONICET, Lab Biol Mol Enfermedad Chagas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mejia-Jaramillo, Ana M.; Triana-Chavez, Omar] Univ Antioquia, Grp Biol & Control Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI, Medellin, Colombia. [Rodriguero, Marcela] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Genet Evolut, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cardinal, Marta V.; Guertler, Ricardo E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecoepidemiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Kjos, Sonia; da Silva, Alexandre] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gurgel-Goncalves, Rodrigo; Cuba Cuba, Cesar A.] Univ Brasilia, Fac Med, Area Patol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blanchet, Denis; Aznar, Christine] Univ Antilles Guyane, Fac Med, EA 3593, Lab Hosp & Univ Parasitol Mycol, Cayenne, French Guiana. [De Pablos, Luis M.; Osuna, Antonio] Univ Granada, Inst Biotechnol, Mol Parasitol Grp, Granada, Spain. [Tomasini, Nicolas; Diosque, Patricio] Univ Nacl Salta, IPE, Lab Patol Expt, Salta, Argentina. [Russomando, Graciela] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Inst Invest Ciencias Salud, Dept Biol Mol, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Abate, Teresa] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Trop Med, Secc Biol Mol, Caracas, Venezuela. [Solari, Aldo] Univ Chile, Fac Med, ICBM, Programa Biol Celular & Mol, Santiago 7, Chile. RP Schijman, AG (reprint author), Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM schijman@dna.uba.ar RI De Pablos, Luis Miguel/A-4534-2014; Osuna, Antonio/H-1896-2015; OI Mejia-jaramillo, Ana/0000-0003-2125-9858; Triana, Omar/0000-0001-8031-0225 FU Ministry of Science and Technology (FONCyT) [Argentina] [PICT 33955]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina [PIP 112-2008-01-02913]; University of Antioquia [Colombia] [Colciencias 1115-04-14387]; Banco de la Republica de Colombia [2020]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP/DF), Brazil; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) [Chile] [1085154]; Fogarty International Center [R01 TW05836]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Universidad de Buenos Aires; FONCyT, Argentina FX We thank Dr. Michael Yabsley (University of Georgia, Athens, USA) for providing Flop2 and BG08011 and Dr. Paula Marcet and Dr. Frank J. Steurer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA) for collaboration in parasite culturing and characterisation of USA samples. Sample 2414 was kindly provided by Dr. Belkisyole Alarcon de Noya (Seccion de Inmunologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela). Financial support was obtained from: PICT 33955 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (FONCyT) [Argentina] and PIP 112-2008-01-02913 from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina to AGS; Colciencias 1115-04-14387, Proyecto de Sostenibilidad, University of Antioquia 2007-2008 [Colombia] to OTC; Proyecto 2020, Banco de la Republica de Colombia to AMJ and OTC; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP/DF), Brazil to CACC and RGG and Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT)1085154 [Chile] to AS. The participation of REG and MVC was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Grant #R01 TW05836 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to Uriel Kitron and REG), and by grants from Universidad de Buenos Aires and FONCyT, Argentina to REG. MVC, REG, AGS are members of the CONICET Researcher's Career. NR 64 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 14 BP 1599 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.06.006 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 699MY UT WOS:000285668700002 PM 20670628 ER PT J AU Roberts, B Morgan, OW Sultani, MG Nyasulu, P Rwebangila, S Myatt, M Sondorp, E Chandramohan, D Checchi, F AF Roberts, Bayard Morgan, Oliver W. Sultani, Mohammed Ghaus Nyasulu, Peter Rwebangila, Sunday Myatt, Mark Sondorp, Egbert Chandramohan, Daniel Checchi, Francesco TI A new method to estimate mortality in crisis-affected and resource-poor settings: validation study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mortality; death rate; validation; humanitarian; crisis; survey; surveillance; capture-recapture ID RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE AB Background Data on mortality rates are crucial to guide health interventions in crisis-affected and resource-poor settings. The methods currently available to collect mortality data in such settings feature important methodological limitations. We developed and validated a new method to provide near real-time mortality estimates in such settings. Methods We selected four study sites: Kabul, Afghanistan; Mae La refugee camp, Thailand; Chiradzulu District, Malawi; and Lugufu and Mtabila refugee camps, Tanzania. We recorded information about all deaths in a 60-day period by asking key community informants and decedents' next of kin to refer interviewers to bereaved households. We used the total number of deaths and population estimates to calculate mortality rates for 60- and 30-day periods. For validation we compared these rates with a best estimate of mortality using capture-recapture analysis with two further independent lists of deaths. Results The population covered by the new method was 76 476 persons in Kabul, 43 794 in Mae La camp, 54 418 in Chiradzulu District and 80 136 in the Tanzania camps. The informant method showed moderate sensitivity (55.0% in Kabul, 64.0% in Mae La, 72.5% in Chiradzulu and 67.7% in Tanzania), but performed better than the active surveillance system in the Tanzania refugee camps. Conclusions The informant method currently features moderate sensitivity for accurately assessing mortality, but warrants further development, particularly considering its advantages over current options (ease of implementation and analysis and near-real estimates of mortality rates). Strategies should be tested to improve the performance of the informant method. C1 [Chandramohan, Daniel; Checchi, Francesco] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Myatt, Mark] Brixton Hlth, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Rwebangila, Sunday] United Nations High Commissioner Refugees, Tanzania Off, Kigoma, Tanzania. [Nyasulu, Peter] Med Sans Frontieres France, Malawi Programme, Chiradzulu, Malawi. [Morgan, Oliver W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roberts, Bayard; Sultani, Mohammed Ghaus; Sondorp, Egbert] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Publ Hlth & Policy, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Checchi, F (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM francesco.checchi@lshtm.ac.uk FU Office of Health, Infectious Disease, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHN-A-00-08-00001-00]; FANTA [HRN-A-00-98-00046-00] FX This study was funded by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Health, Infectious Disease, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through both the FANTA-2 Project under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number GHN-A-00-08-00001-00, and the FANTA Project (1998-2008) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number HRN-A-00-98-00046-00, managed by the Academy for Educational Development (AED). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1596 DI 10.1093/ije/dyq188 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689TQ UT WOS:000284952700027 PM 21044978 ER PT J AU Baska, T Warren, CW Hudeckova, H Ochaba, R Stastny, P Lea, V Lee, J AF Baska, Tibor Warren, Charles W. Hudeckova, Henrieta Ochaba, Robert Stastny, Peter Lea, Veronica Lee, Juliette TI The role of family background on cigarette smoking among adolescent school children in Slovakia: findings from the 2007 Slovakia Global Youth Tobacco Survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Adolescents; Socioeconomic factors; Family background ID RISK-FACTOR; PREDICTORS; ACQUISITION; INITIATION; PATTERNS; STUDENTS; PARENTS; HEALTH AB To analyse Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to determine the role of family background on cigarette smoking among adolescents in Slovakia. The GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13-15 years developed by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The GYTS was conducted in Slovakia in 2007. Students from families where one or more parents were smokers were significantly more likely to report lifetime smoking, current cigarette smoking and signs of nicotine dependence (only girls). Socioeconomic status of parents as measured by parent educational level and employment status was not statistically associated with students' smoking status. Girls from families with lower socioeconomic status showed more frequently positive attitudes regarding smoking of their peers. Considering family background, parental smoking plays the most important role in smoking of their children regardless of employment status and educational level. The findings suggest that the tobacco control program effort in Slovakia needs to focus on implementation and enforcement for those policies already in place as well as expansion into additional measures. C1 [Baska, Tibor; Hudeckova, Henrieta] Comenius Univ, Jessenius Fac Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Martin 03601, Slovakia. [Warren, Charles W.; Lea, Veronica; Lee, Juliette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ochaba, Robert] Publ Hlth Author Slovak Republ, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Stastny, Peter] Stop Smoking NGO, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Baska, T (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Jessenius Fac Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Sklabinska 26, Martin 03601, Slovakia. EM baska@jfmed.uniba.sk FU European Commission through Governmental Office of the Slovak Republic; European Commission FX The fieldwork of GYTS 2007 in Slovakia was supported by European Commission through grant of the Governmental Office of the Slovak Republic, respecting standard conditions of projects co-funded by European Commission. The project was administered by National Coalition for Tobacco Control in Slovak Republic together with Stop Smoking NGO, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University. The authors would like to extend their thanks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health as well as World Health Organization, namely Dr. Darina Sedlakova, PhD., MPH., director of the WHO Office in Slovakia for her substantial support and assistance. The authors are also deeply thankful to all persons contributing in same way in the survey, particularly field administrators from Regional Public Health Authorities, since without their readiness and understanding the project could not have been realized. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00038-010-0168-x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685TY UT WOS:000284652200012 PM 20607343 ER PT J AU De Cock, KM AF De Cock, Kevin M. TI HIV/AIDS and global health in 2010: from the old to the old and the new SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INITIATION; COUNTRIES; EPIDEMIC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Cock, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmd2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1500 EP 1503 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300002 PM 21144231 ER PT J AU Alvarez, GG Clark, M Altpeter, E Douglas, P Jones, J Paty, MC Posey, DL Chemtob, D AF Alvarez, G. G. Clark, M. Altpeter, E. Douglas, P. Jones, J. Paty, M-C. Posey, D. L. Chemtob, D. TI Pediatric tuberculosis immigration screening in high-immigration, low-incidence countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE immigration; screening; tuberculosis; children ID CALMETTE-GUERIN VACCINATION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; BCG; REACTIVITY; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) screening in migrant children, including immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers, is an ongoing challenge in low TB incidence countries. Many children from high TB incidence countries harbor latent TB infection (LTBI), and some have active TB disease at the point of immigration into host nations. Young children who harbor LTBI have a high risk of progression to TB disease and are at a higher risk than adults of developing disseminated severe forms of TB with significant morbidity and mortality. Many countries have developed immigration TB screening programs to suit the needs of adults, but have not focused much attention on migrant children. OBJECTIVE: To compare the TB immigration medical examination requirements in children in selected countries with high immigration and low TB incidence rates. DESIGN: Descriptive study of TB immigration screening programs for systematically selected countries. RESULTS: Of 18 eligible countries, 16 responded to the written survey and telephone interview. CONCLUSION: No two countries had the same approach to TB screening among migrant children. The optimal evidenced-based manner in which to screen migrant children requires further research. C1 [Alvarez, G. G.] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Div Respirol Dis, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Alvarez, G. G.] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Clark, M.] Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Dept Pediat, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. [Altpeter, E.] Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. [Douglas, P.] Dept Immigrat & Citizenship, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jones, J.] Travel & Migrant Hlth Sect Infect, London, England. [Paty, M-C.] Direct Gen Sante, Sous Direct Prevent Risques Infect, Paris, France. [Posey, D. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immigrant Refugee & Migrant Hlth Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chemtob, D.] Minist Hlth, Dept TB & AIDS, Publ Hlth Serv, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Alvarez, GG (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Div Respirol Dis, Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM galvarez@ohri.ca FU Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) FX This study was funded by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). CIC had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author has obtained approval from CIC to publish this article. This article represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of CIC, the Public Health Agency of Canada or the Government of Canada or any of the other agencies to which they are affiliated. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1530 EP 1537 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300009 PM 21144237 ER PT J AU Favorov, M Belilovsky, E Aitmagambetova, I Ismailov, S White, ME Chorba, T AF Favorov, M. Belilovsky, E. Aitmagambetova, I. Ismailov, S. White, M. E. Chorba, T. TI Tuberculosis deaths averted by implementation of the DOTS strategy in Kazakhstan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE case fatality rate; death rate; DOTS; tuberculosis; Kazakhstan ID PRISON AB SETTING: Kazakhstan began implementing the DOTS strategy for tuberculosis (TB) in 1998. OBJECTIVE: Data were analyzed 1) to determine if changes in TB mortality rate (MR) and case fatality rate (CFR) in Kazakhstan for 1998-2003 differed from those of Uzbekistan and four adjacent Russian Federation (RF) oblasts that had not yet implemented DOTS, and 2) to estimate the number of deaths averted in Kazakhstan as a result of DOTS. DESIGN: Observed MRs were calculated, and predicted MRs for Kazakhstan were approximated by linear regression based on average slope of MRs from 1998 through 2003 in adjacent non-DOTS-implementing territories. Deaths averted were calculated by comparing predicted MRs to actual MRs by converting rate differences to numbers of deaths. RESULTS: TB MRs in Kazakhstan decreased markedly, but remained stable or increased in the neighboring territories. CFRs decreased markedly in Kazakhstan and marginally in Uzbekistan, and increased in the neighboring RF oblasts. From 1998 to 2004, DOTS appears to have helped avert approximately 17800 deaths in Kazakhstan. CONCLUSION: DOTS has contributed markedly to a decrease in TB mortality in Kazakhstan. In settings where mortality data are relatively complete, deaths averted can be another indicator of DOTS effectiveness. C1 [Chorba, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Favorov, M.] Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Favorov, M.; Belilovsky, E.; Aitmagambetova, I.; Chorba, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cent Asia Off, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Belilovsky, E.] WHO, Off Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. [Ismailov, S.] Kazakhstan Natl Ctr TB, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. RP Chorba, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tlc2@cdc.gov FU government of Kazakhstan; government of Uzbekistan; Russian Federation; US government through the USAID; US CDC FX The funding sources for data collection were the respective governments of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation. The funding sources for data analyses and development of this manuscript were the government of Kazakhstan and the US government through the USAID and the US CDC. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1582 EP 1588 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300016 PM 21144244 ER PT J AU Thomas, JA Laraque, F Munsiff, S Piatek, A Harris, TG AF Thomas, J. A. Laraque, F. Munsiff, S. Piatek, A. Harris, T. G. TI Hospitalizations for tuberculosis in New York City: how many could be avoided? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; inappropriate hospitalization; cost ID UNITED-STATES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; COSTS; CONTACTS AB OBJECTIVE: To determine which factors were associated with hospitalization for tuberculosis (TB) in New York City (NYC), United States, and to estimate the proportion of potentially avoidable admissions. DESIGN: Patients diagnosed with TB from April to June 2003 were included. Records of hospitalized patients were reviewed to determine whether hospitalization was appropriate. Hospitalization was considered appropriate if patients met >= 1 of the NYC health department hospitalization criteria and/or needed hospitalization per study physicians' judgment. The association of patient characteristics with hospitalization and with having an inappropriate hospitalization was evaluated using multivariate analyses. TB cases from 2008 were also evaluated to determine whether more recent cases had similar associations with hospitalization. RESULTS: Of 315 patients diagnosed with TB during the study, 226 (72%) were hospitalized. Hospitalized patients were more likely to have a cavitary chest radiograph (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.11, 95%CI 1.82-36.20), abuse alcohol/drugs (aOR 6.53, 95%CI 2.06-20.67), be Black non-Hispanic (aOR 3.05, 95%CI 1.00-9.38), have unknown human immunodeficiency virus status (aOR 2.67, 95%CI 1.24-5.76), and to have been first evaluated by a private medical provider (aOR 2.37, 95%CI 1.11-5.08). Eighty-seven (38%) of the hospitalizations may have been inappropriate; foreign-born (aOR 3.16, 95%CI 1.39-7.14) and acid-fast bacilli sputum smear-positive (aOR 2.49, 95%CI 1.18-5.23) patients were more likely to be hospitalized inappropriately. CONCLUSION: Many TB hospitalizations in NYC may be avoidable. Existing guidelines for diagnosing and managing cases as out-patients need to be put into practice. C1 [Thomas, J. A.] NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Munsiff, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, JA (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 253 Broadway,Room 602,CN 72A, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM jthomas1@health.nyc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1603 EP 1612 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300019 PM 21144247 ER PT J AU King, L Munsiff, SS Ahuja, SD AF King, L. Munsiff, S. S. Ahuja, S. D. TI Achieving international targets for tuberculosis treatment success among HIV-positive patients in New York City SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV/AIDS; HIV-TB co-infection; treatment success; drug therapy ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MALAWI; ERA; COHORT; INFECTION; OUTCOMES; ADULTS AB OBJECTIVE: To review outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive tuberculosis (TB) patients in New York City (NYC) to determine if the World Health Organization treatment success target of 85% was met in a setting with ready access to treatment for HIV and TB. DESIGN: Retrospective review of new TB patients diagnosed from 1995 to 2004, excluding patients with rifampin (RMP) resistance. RESULTS: Of 9198 eligible TB patients, 83% had achieved treatment success, 8% died during treatment, 4% failed, 3% defaulted and 2% were transferred from NYC. Among 6374 HIV-negative individuals, treatment success was consistently over 85%; 5% died during treatment. Among 2824 HIV-positive individuals, treatment success was 72% overall and 66% in sputum acid-fast bacilli smear-positive patients. Mortality among the HIV-positive decreased from 26% in 1995 to 14% in 2004. HIV-positive patients achieved higher treatment success if 1) they received treatment by directly observed therapy (DOT) (82% vs. 74%, OR(adj) = 1.80, 95%CI 1.44-2.26), or 2) were administered rifabutin (RFB) in the regimen, a proxy for receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) (84% vs. 78%, OR(adj) = 1.49, 95%CI 1.20-1.85). Treatment success of 85% was achieved in HIV-positive patients who received RFB and DOT. CONCLUSION: High mortality precluded achieving 85% treatment success among HIV-positive TB patients. DOT and ART remain essential for improving success among co-infected patients everywhere. C1 [King, L.] NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Munsiff, S. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP King, L (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 253 Broadway,Room 602,Box CN-72, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM lking@health.nyc.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1620 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300020 PM 21144248 ER PT J AU Winters, A Agerton, TB Driver, CR Trieu, L O'Flaherty, T Munsiff, SS AF Winters, A. Agerton, T. B. Driver, C. R. Trieu, L. O'Flaherty, T. Munsiff, S. S. TI Congenital tuberculosis and management of exposure in three neonatal intensive care units SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE congenital; tuberculosis; contact investigation ID INFANT AB Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon, and diagnosis may be delayed. We report a case of congenital TB and the management of exposure in three different neonatal intensive care units. This case demonstrates the need for a high index of suspicion, active communication among maternal and neonatal medical providers, and timely provider reporting of maternal disease, and emphasizes the relatively greater risk of transmission to health care workers versus infants in this setting. C1 [Winters, A.; Agerton, T. B.; Driver, C. R.; Trieu, L.; O'Flaherty, T.; Munsiff, S. S.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Agerton, T. B.; Munsiff, S. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trieu, L (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM ltrieu@health.nyc.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1641 EP 1643 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 694FL UT WOS:000285280300024 PM 21144252 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, AS Gavin, L Galavotti, C AF Kuhlmann, Anne Sebert Gavin, Loretta Galavotti, Christine TI The Integration of Family Planning with Other Health Services: A Literature Review SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Review ID IMMUNIZATION SERVICES; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; HIV PREVENTION; CHILD; CARE; PROGRAM; OPPORTUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; STI AB CONTEXT: Integrating family planning services with other health services may be an effective way to reduce unmet need. However, greater understanding of the evidence on integration is needed. METHODS: Studies that evaluated the integration of family planning with any other type of health service were identified by searching five databases. To be included, studies had to have: been published in English between 1994 and 2009; used either a single-group pre- and posttest design or a two-group control or comparison design; and reported a family planning-related behavioral or reproductive health outcome. RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The integration interventions ranged from simple referrals between providers of existing services to fully integrated, community-based delivery of education and services. One evaluation used a quasi-experimental design; two used case-control comparison designs; two used combination designs; and the rest used either a single-group pre- and posttest design or a two-group cross-sectional design. Seven studies found improvements in family planning-related outcomes, although not all reported the significance of these changes; another reported mixed results and one found no effect. Of the studies that examined providers', clients' or community members' perspectives of integration, all reported overall satisfaction. No studies provided an economic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence supporting the integration of family planning with other health services remains weak, and well-designed evaluation research is still needed. Future research should report outcomes for all health areas being integrated and should investigate in more detail the perspectives of providers, clients and community members and assess the cost-effectiveness of integration. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2010, 36(4):189-196 C1 [Kuhlmann, Anne Sebert] MANILA Consulting Grp Inc, Mclean, VA USA. [Gavin, Loretta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Galavotti, Christine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuhlmann, AS (reprint author), MANILA Consulting Grp Inc, Mclean, VA USA. EM Lcg6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1944-0391 J9 INT PERSPECT SEX R H JI Int. Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 712VS UT WOS:000286695000003 PM 21245025 ER PT J AU Sculier, D Vannarith, C Pe, R Thai, S Kanara, N Borann, S Cain, KP Lynen, L Varma, JK AF Sculier, Delphine Vannarith, Chea Pe, Reaksmey Thai, Sopheak Kanara, Nong Borann, Sar Cain, Kevin P. Lynen, Lut Varma, Jay K. TI Performance of Abdominal Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Persons Living in Cambodia SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV/AIDS; diagnosis; abdominal ultrasound; smear ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; EXPERIENCE; THAILAND; DEATH AB Background: In resource-limited settings, abdominal ultrasound is often used to assist the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV (PLHIV), although data on performance characteristics are missing. Methods: Cross-sectional study of PLHIV in Cambodia receiving a standardized TB diagnostic evaluation, including history, physical examination, chest radiography, microscopy and culture of various specimens, and abdominal ultrasound. Patients with at least one specimen culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were classified as having TB. Results: TB was diagnosed in 37 (18%) of 212 PLHIV. Abdominal ultrasound was abnormal in 15 of 37 (41%) patients with TB compared with 14 of 175 (8%) without TB (P < 0.01). Predictors of TB disease included multiple enlarged (1.2 cm or greater) abdominal lymph nodes on ultrasound (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-22.4), abnormal chest radiography (OR, 6.8; CI, 2.7-17.0), anorexia (OR, 4.6; CI, 1.8-11.7), and CD4 less than 200 cells/mm(3) (OR, 3.3; CI, 1.2-9.1). Having multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes on ultrasound was 97.1% (CI, 93.5%-99.1%) specific for TB with a positive likelihood ratio of 11.4 (CI, 4.3-30.3). Conclusions: Abdominal ultrasound is a useful diagnostic test for TB disease in PLHIV, increasing the posttest probability of TB when multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes are visualized. Its wider use may accelerate access to TB treatment, potentially reducing mortality in PLHIV. C1 [Sculier, Delphine; Lynen, Lut] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Vannarith, Chea; Pe, Reaksmey; Thai, Sopheak] Sihanouk Hosp Ctr Hope, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Kanara, Nong] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Global AIDS Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Borann, Sar] Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Cain, Kevin P.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sculier, D (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM dsculier@no-log.org RI Lynen, Lutgarde/A-1212-2014 OI Lynen, Lutgarde/0000-0001-7183-4895 FU US Agency for International Development, US; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; US Agency for International Development FX Supported by the US Agency for International Development, US, and the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; We thank the patients and the following members of Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope study team: Mr. S. Ouk, Mr. Y. Soutouch, Mr. M. Kennaha, Mr. K. San, Dr. K. Sobonna, Mr. S. Sopheak, and Mr. T. Syna as well as Dr. O. Koole at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. We thank the US Agency for International Development and the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, for funding. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 500 EP 502 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e6a703 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 675RR UT WOS:000283849100016 PM 20574410 ER PT J AU Hong, SY Jonas, A Dumeni, E Badi, A Pereko, D Blom, A Muthiani, VS Shiningavamwe, AN Mukamba, J Andemichael, G Barbara, R Bennett, DE Jordan, MR AF Hong, Steven Y. Jonas, Anna Dumeni, Efraim Badi, Alfons Pereko, Dawn Blom, Abraham Muthiani, Victor S. Shiningavamwe, Andreas N. Mukamba, James Andemichael, Ghirmay Barbara, Rony Bennett, Diane E. Jordan, Michael R. TI Population-Based Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in Namibia With Early Warning Indicators SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; Africa; antiretroviral agents; HIV; drug resistance ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED PATIENTS; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; UNTREATED PATIENTS; ADHERENCE; PREVENTION; COUNTRIES; OUTCOMES; ADULTS; TRIAL AB Introduction: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing is not routinely available in many resource-limited settings, therefore, antiretroviral therapy (ART) program and site factors known to be associated with HIVDR should be monitored to optimize the quality of patient care and minimize the emergence of preventable HIVDR. Methods: In 2009, Namibia selected 5 World Health Organization Early Warning Indicators (EWIs) and piloted abstraction at 9 ART sites: "ART prescribing practices, patients lost to follow-up at 12 months, patient retention on first-line ART at 12 months, on-time antiretroviral drug pick-up, and antiretroviral drug-supply continuity''. Results: Records supported monitoring of 3 of 5 selected EWIs. Nine of 9 (100%) sites met the target of 100% initiated on appropriate first-line regimens. Eight of 9 (89%) sites met the target of <= 20% lost to follow-up, although 20.8% of ART starters (range: 4.6%-44.6%) had a period of absence without documented ART coverage of 2.3 months (range: 1.5-3.9 months). Six of 9 (67%) sites met the target of 0% switched to a second-line regimen. Conclusions: EWI monitoring directly resulted in public health action which will optimize the quality of care, specifically the strengthening of ART record systems permitting monitoring of 5 EWIs in future years and protocols for improved ART patient defaulter tracing. C1 [Hong, Steven Y.; Jordan, Michael R.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jonas, Anna; Dumeni, Efraim; Badi, Alfons; Mukamba, James] Republ Namibia Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Directorate Special Programmes, Response Monitoring & Evaluat Subdiv, Windhoek, Namibia. [Pereko, Dawn; Blom, Abraham; Muthiani, Victor S.] Management Sci Hlth, Strengthening Pharmaceut Syst, Windhoek, Namibia. [Shiningavamwe, Andreas N.] Namibia Inst Pathol, Mol Diagnost Unit, Windhoek, Namibia. [Mukamba, James; Andemichael, Ghirmay] World Hlth Org Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia. [Bennett, Diane E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, 150 Harrison Ave,Jaharis 2, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM shong@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU Spanish Government [AF/NAM/BBA/701/XU/08]; National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease [T32 AI007438-17, L30 AI080268-02, K23 AI074423-04] FX Supported by Spanish Government Grant (AF/NAM/BBA/701/XU/08). S.Y.H. was supported by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease: T32 AI007438-17 and L30 AI080268-02. M.R.J. was supported by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease: K23 AI074423-04. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP E27 EP E31 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181f5376d PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 675RR UT WOS:000283849100001 ER PT J AU Laffoon, B Crutchfield, A Levi, M Bower, WA Kuehnert, M Brooks, JT Selik, RM Switzer, WM Heneine, W Shankar, A Iuliano, AD AF Laffoon, B. Crutchfield, A. Levi, M. Bower, W. A. Kuehnert, M. Brooks, J. T. Selik, R. M. Switzer, W. M. Heneine, W. Shankar, A. Iuliano, A. D. TI HIV Transmission Through Transfusion-Missouri and Colorado, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1335-1339, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Levi, M.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Bower, W. A.; Kuehnert, M.] CDC, Off Blood Organ & Other Tissue Safety, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brooks, J. T.; Selik, R. M.; Switzer, W. M.; Heneine, W.; Shankar, A.; Iuliano, A. D.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 21 BP 2351 EP 2353 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687FH UT WOS:000284763900009 ER PT J CA ACIP ACIP Influenza Work Grp TI Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Regarding Use of CSL Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (Afluria) in the United States During 2010-11 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 989-992, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SAFETY; CHILDREN C1 CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Div, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 21 BP 2353 EP 2355 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687FH UT WOS:000284763900010 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Ali, B AF Shults, R. A. Ali, B. TI Drivers Aged 16 or 17 Years Involved in Fatal Crashes-United States, 2004-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1329-1334, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Shults, R. A.; Ali, B.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 21 BP 2355 EP 2357 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687FH UT WOS:000284763900011 ER PT J AU Atladottir, HO Thorsen, P Ostergaard, L Schendel, DE Lemcke, S Abdallah, M Parner, ET AF Atladottir, Hjordis O. Thorsen, Poul Ostergaard, Lars Schendel, Diana E. Lemcke, Sanne Abdallah, Morsi Parner, Erik T. TI Maternal Infection Requiring Hospitalization During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autism; Infection; Influenza; Prenatal infection; Maternal infection ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; BIRTH; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEASON; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; ACTIVATION; INFLUENZA; ETIOLOGY AB Exposure to prenatal infection has been suggested to cause deficiencies in fetal neurodevelopment. In this study we included all children born in Denmark from 1980, through 2005. Diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and maternal infection were obtained through nationwide registers. Data was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. No association was found between any maternal infection and diagnosis of ASDs in the child when looking at the total period of pregnancy: adjusted hazard ratio = 1.14 (CI: 0.96-1.34). However, admission to hospital due to maternal viral infection in the first trimester and maternal bacterial infection in the second trimester were found to be associated with diagnosis of ASDs in the offspring, adjusted hazard ratio = 2.98 (CI: 1.29-7.15) and adjusted hazard ratio = 1.42 (CI: 1.08-1.87), respectively. Our results support prior hypotheses concerning early prenatal viral infection increasing the risk of ASDs. C1 [Atladottir, Hjordis O.; Lemcke, Sanne; Abdallah, Morsi] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Ostergaard, Lars] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Res Unit Q, Skejby, Denmark. [Schendel, Diana E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parner, Erik T.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bartholins Alle 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM hoa@soci.au.dk OI Lemcke, Sanne/0000-0002-0542-713X NR 30 TC 218 Z9 227 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1423 EP 1430 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1006-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200001 PM 20414802 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Thomason, MK Lentz, S Nolan, N Willner, K Gee, JE Glass, MB Inglis, TJJ Merritt, A Levy, A Sozhamannan, S Mateczun, A Read, TD AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanghamitra Thomason, Maureen K. Lentz, Shannon Nolan, Nichole Willner, Kristin Gee, Jay E. Glass, Mindy B. Inglis, Timothy J. J. Merritt, Adam Levy, Avram Sozhamannan, Shanmuga Mateczun, Al Read, Timothy D. TI High-Redundancy Draft Sequencing of 15 Clinical and Environmental Burkholderia Strains SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MELIOIDOSIS; OUTBREAK; AGENTS; MALLEI AB The Gram-negative Burkholderia genus includes several species of intracellular bacterial pathogens that pose substantial risk to humans. In this study, we have generated draft genome sequences of 15 strains of B. oklahomensis, B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and B. ubonensis to an average sequence read coverage of 25- to 40-fold. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanghamitra; Thomason, Maureen K.; Lentz, Shannon; Nolan, Nichole; Willner, Kristin; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga; Mateczun, Al; Read, Timothy D.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gee, Jay E.; Glass, Mindy B.; Merritt, Adam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Inglis, Timothy J. J.; Levy, Avram] PathW Lab Med WA, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Read, TD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM tread@emory.edu RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [XX0013_06_NM_B] FX This work was funded by grant XX0013_06_NM_B from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to T.D.R. Some of the authors are employees of the U.S. Government, and this work was prepared as part of their official duties. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 192 IS 23 BP 6313 EP 6314 DI 10.1128/JB.00991-10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 677LQ UT WOS:000283994300026 PM 20870763 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA Niccolai, LM Lewis, JB Milan, S Meade, C Ickovics, JR AF Kershaw, Trace S. Ethier, Kathleen A. Niccolai, Linda M. Lewis, Jessica B. Milan, Stephanie Meade, Christina Ickovics, Jeannette R. TI Let's stay together: relationship dissolution and sexually transmitted diseases among parenting and non-parenting adolescents SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Relationship dissolution; STDs; Pregnancy; Adolescent relationships ID BRIEF SYMPTOM INVENTORY; MOTHERS RELATIONSHIP; FATHER INVOLVEMENT; LOW-INCOME; RISK; PARENTHOOD; TRANSITION; PREDICTORS; POSTPARTUM; PREVENTION AB Relationships influence sexual risk and maternal-child health. Few studies have assessed relationship dissolution and its association with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among adolescent parents. Our study aimed to describe relationship dissolution among 295 parenting and non-parenting adolescents over an 18-month period and how it related to STD incidence. Results showed that nonparenting adolescents in a relationship with someone other than their baby's father were more likely to have a relationship dissolution over an 18-month period compared to those in a relationship with the baby's father (OR = 1.69, P < .05). Parenting adolescents who ended their relationship with their baby's father were 3 times more likely to get an STD over the course of the study compared to parenting adolescents who remained with their baby's father (39% vs. 13%). Comparatively, nonparenting adolescents who ended their relationship were only 1.4 times more likely to get an STD compared to non-parenting adolescents who remained with their partner (44% vs. 32%). Our results suggest that prevention programs that incorporate male partners and components that strengthen relationship skills may reduce HIV/STD risk and help adolescents adapt during times of transition such as parenthood. C1 [Kershaw, Trace S.; Niccolai, Linda M.; Lewis, Jessica B.; Ickovics, Jeannette R.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kershaw, Trace S.; Niccolai, Linda M.; Lewis, Jessica B.; Ickovics, Jeannette R.] Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT USA. [Meade, Christina] Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Ethier, Kathleen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Druid Hills Cdp, GA USA. [Milan, Stephanie] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM trace.kershaw@yale.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH061175, R01 MH061175-05] NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 454 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10865-010-9276-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 676WA UT WOS:000283948200004 PM 20607596 ER PT J AU McMahan, RH Golden-Mason, L Nishimura, MI McMahon, BJ Kemper, M Allen, TM Gretch, DR Rosen, HR AF McMahan, Rachel H. Golden-Mason, Lucy Nishimura, Michael I. McMahon, Brian J. Kemper, Michael Allen, Todd M. Gretch, David R. Rosen, Hugo R. TI Tim-3 expression on PD-1(+) HCV-specific human CTLs is associated with viral persistence, and its blockade restores hepatocyte-directed in vitro cytotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; EFFECTOR; LYMPHOCYTES; MEMORY; LIVER; EXHAUSTION; RESPONSES AB Having successfully developed mechanisms to evade immune clearance, hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in approximately 75%-80% of patients. In these individuals, the function of HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells is impaired by ligation of inhibitory receptors, the repertoire of which has expanded considerably in the past few years. We hypothesized that the coexpression of the negative regulatory receptors T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) in HCV infection would identify patients at risk of developing viral persistence during and after acute HCV infection. The frequency of PD-1(-)Tim-3(-) HCV-specific CTLs greatly outnumbered PD-1(+)Tim-3(+) CTLs in patients with acute resolving infection. Moreover, the population of PD-1(+)Tim-3(+) T cells was enriched for within the central memory T cell subset and within the liver. Blockade of either PD-1 or Tim-3 enhanced in vitro proliferation of HCV-specific CTLs to a similar extent, whereas cytotoxicity against a hepatocyte cell line that expressed cognate HCV epitopes was increased exclusively by Tim-3 blockade. These results indicate that the coexpression of these inhibitory molecules tracks with defective T cell responses and that anatomical differences might account for lack of immune control of persistent pathogens, which suggests their manipulation may represent a rational target for novel immunotherapeutic approaches. C1 [McMahan, Rachel H.; Golden-Mason, Lucy; Rosen, Hugo R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Denver, CO USA. [Nishimura, Michael I.] Univ S Carolina, Ctr Canc, Dept Surg, Charleston, SC USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, ANTHC, Anchorage, AK USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kemper, Michael; Allen, Todd M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard, Charlestown, MA USA. [Gretch, David R.] Univ Washington, Div Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rosen, Hugo R.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Rosen, Hugo R.] Denver VA Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Rosen, HR (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, GI & Hepatol Div, B-158,Acad Off Bldg 1,12631 E 17th Ave,Room 7614,, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011 FU NIH [RO1 DK060590, U19 A 1066328, RO1 AI 066209] FX This research is supported by NIH grants RO1 DK060590 and U19 A 1066328 (HCV center grant) and VA Merit Review to H R. Rosen, and by NIH grant RO1 AI 066209 to D R Gretch We are grateful to the patients for their participation in the study, Steve Livingston and Lisa Townsend for helping coordinate specimen collection in Alaska, and Megan Brocato for specimen processing NR 49 TC 141 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 120 IS 12 BP 4546 EP 4557 DI 10.1172/JCI43127 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 690AD UT WOS:000284971400038 PM 21084749 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Prihoda, TJ Burman, W Johnson, JL Goldberg, S Padayatchi, N Duran, P Engle, M Muzanye, G Mugerwa, RD Sturm, AW AF Weiner, Marc Prihoda, Thomas J. Burman, William Johnson, John L. Goldberg, Stefan Padayatchi, Nesri Duran, Paula Engle, Melissa Muzanye, Grace Mugerwa, Roy D. Sturm, A. Willem TI Evaluation of Time to Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Broth Culture as a Determinant for End Points in Treatment Trials SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PHASE-II; MOXIFLOXACIN; ETHAMBUTOL; RELAPSE; DRUGS AB Time to detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in broth culture was examined for utility as a treatment efficacy end point. Of 146 patients in a phase IIB trial, a decreased mean time to detection was found in 5 with treatment failure. Time to detection in an analysis-of-covariance model was associated with lung cavities, less intensive treatment, and differences in the bactericidal effects of treatment regimens. C1 [Weiner, Marc] VAMC, Div Infect Dis 111, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Weiner, Marc; Duran, Paula; Engle, Melissa] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Prihoda, Thomas J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Burman, William] Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Johnson, John L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Johnson, John L.] Uganda Case Western Reserve Univ Res Collaborat, Univ Hosp Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Goldberg, Stefan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Padayatchi, Nesri] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Community Hlth, CAPRISA, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Durban, South Africa. [Muzanye, Grace; Mugerwa, Roy D.] Uganda Case Western Reserve Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Sturm, A. Willem] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Med Microbiol, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Durban, South Africa. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), VAMC, Div Infect Dis 111, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM weiner@uthscsa.edu FU Kenneth Castro; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; United States Public Health Service; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; NIH [MO1-RR-01346]; Tuberculosis Trials Consortium FX We are grateful to William MacKenzie, Chad Heilig, Elsa Villarino, and Andrew Vernon for reviews of the manuscript and for the support of Kenneth Castro.; This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Public Health Service, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The Frederic C. Bartter General Clinical Research Center at the VAMC San Antonio (supported by NIH grant MO1-RR-01346) provided assistance in evaluation of patients. This study was sponsored by the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4370 EP 4376 DI 10.1128/JCM.00757-10 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 686JU UT WOS:000284693400005 PM 20926712 ER PT J AU Castro, AR Esfandiari, J Kumar, S Ashton, M Kikkert, SE Park, MM Ballard, RC AF Castro, Arnold R. Esfandiari, Javan Kumar, Shailendra Ashton, Matthew Kikkert, Susan E. Park, Mahin M. Ballard, Ronald C. TI Novel Point-of-Care Test for Simultaneous Detection of Nontreponemal and Treponemal Antibodies in Patients with Syphilis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALLIDUM ANTIBODIES; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FTA-ABS; DIAGNOSIS; TANZANIA; AFRICA AB We describe a point-of-care immunochromatographic test for the simultaneous detection of both nontreponemal and treponemal antibodies in the sera of patients with syphilis that acts as both a screening and a confirmatory test. A total of 1,601 banked serum samples were examined by the dual test, and the results were compared to those obtained using a quantitative rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay. Compared to the RPR test, the reactive concordance of the dual test nontreponemal line was 98.4% when the RPR titers of sera were >= 1:2 and the nonreactive concordance was 98.6%. Compared to the TP-PA assay, the reactive and nonreactive concordances of the treponemal line were 96.5% and 95.5%, respectively. These results indicate that the dual test could be used for the serological diagnosis of syphilis in primary health care clinics or resource-poor settings and therefore improve rates of treatment where patients may fail to return for their laboratory results. C1 [Castro, Arnold R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Esfandiari, Javan; Kumar, Shailendra; Ashton, Matthew] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY USA. [Park, Mahin M.] Georgia Publ Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castro, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acastro@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4615 EP 4619 DI 10.1128/JCM.00624-10 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 686JU UT WOS:000284693400047 PM 20881177 ER PT J AU Colborn, JM Kosoy, MY Motin, VL Telepnev, MV Valbuena, G Myint, KS Fofanov, Y Putonti, C Feng, C Peruski, L AF Colborn, James M. Kosoy, Michael Y. Motin, Vladimir L. Telepnev, Maxim V. Valbuena, Gustavo Myint, Khin S. Fofanov, Yuri Putonti, Catherine Feng, Chen Peruski, Leonard TI Improved Detection of Bartonella DNA in Mammalian Hosts and Arthropod Vectors by Real-Time PCR Using the NADH Dehydrogenase Gamma Subunit (nuoG) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE; TRANSMISSION; ENDOCARDITIS; ACQUISITION; INFECTIONS; HOMELESS; STRAINS; 16S-23S; WILD AB We used a whole-genome scanning technique to identify the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) primer set that is sensitive and specific enough to detect a diverse number of Bartonella species in a wide range of environmental samples yet maintains minimal cross-reactivity to mammalian host and arthropod vector organisms. C1 [Colborn, James M.; Kosoy, Michael Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Motin, Vladimir L.; Valbuena, Gustavo] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Motin, Vladimir L.; Telepnev, Maxim V.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX USA. [Myint, Khin S.; Feng, Chen] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Fofanov, Yuri; Putonti, Catherine] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Peruski, Leonard] Global Dis Detect Network, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mck3@cdc.gov RI Motin, Vladimir/O-1535-2013 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4630 EP 4633 DI 10.1128/JCM.00470-10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 686JU UT WOS:000284693400051 PM 20926707 ER PT J AU Murillo, W Paz-Bailey, G Morales, S Monterroso, E Paredes, M Dobbs, T Parekh, BS Albert, J de Rivera, IL AF Murillo, Wendy Paz-Bailey, Gabriela Morales, Sonia Monterroso, Edgar Paredes, Mayte Dobbs, Trudy Parekh, Bharat S. Albert, Jan de Rivera, Ivette Lorenzana TI Transmitted drug resistance and type of infection in newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Honduras SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Drug resistance; Newly diagnosed; Recent infections; Honduras ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NAIVE PATIENTS; CLADE-C; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; MUTATIONS; ARGENTINA; SEROCONVERSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) reduces the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment and is a public health concern. Objectives: To gain insight in the epidemiology of TDR in Honduras by evaluating the amount of TDR in a representative sample of newly diagnosed individuals and by determining whether these are recent or established infections. Study design: Two hundred treatment-naive, newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals representing different population groups (general population, Garifunas ethnic group, female sex workers and men who have sex with men) and different geographic regions were enrolled during April 2004-April 2007. The HIV-1 pol gene was sequenced to identify drug-resistant mutations and TDR was scored as recommended by the WHO. Specimens were classified as recent or established infections using the BED assay. Results: Among 200 samples analyzed from Honduran patients the prevalence of TDR was 7% (95% CI: 3.9-11.5%), 5% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 3% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 0.5% for protease inhibitors (PIs). Testing of these samples with the BED assay revealed that 12% of the specimens were associated with recent infections. TDR was significantly more common in specimens with recent infection (21%) than established infection (5%) (p = 0.016). Conclusions: The prevalence of TDR in Honduras was moderate (7%). The percentage of specimens who were recently infected was low (12%), suggesting that late HIV diagnosis is common. The TDR prevalence was higher in recent than in established infections, which may indicate that TDR is increasing over time. The higher prevalence of NNRTI and NRTI mutations as compared to PI mutations is probably due to a broader and longer use of these drugs in Honduras. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Murillo, Wendy; Albert, Jan] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control SMI, Dept Virol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Murillo, Wendy; de Rivera, Ivette Lorenzana] Natl Autonomous Univ Honduras UNAH, Dept Microbiol, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Murillo, Wendy; Albert, Jan] Karolinska Inst KI, Dept Microbiol Cell & Tumor Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Paz-Bailey, Gabriela] Tephinet Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Morales, Sonia] Del Valle Univ Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Monterroso, Edgar; Dobbs, Trudy; Parekh, Bharat S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paredes, Mayte] Secretaria Salud Honduras, HIV AIDS Natl Program, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Murillo, W (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control SMI, Dept Virol, Stockholm, Sweden. EM wendy.murillo@smi.se FU Sida/SAREC FX This study was funding by Sida/SAREC on behalf of a bilateral collaboration with the National Autonomous University of Honduras, the Network for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases in Central America (NeTropica), and USAID-Honduras and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.03.013 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 678UB UT WOS:000284105300003 PM 20417152 ER PT J AU McKirnan, DJ Tolou-Shams, M Courtenay-Quirk, C AF McKirnan, David J. Tolou-Shams, Marina Courtenay-Quirk, Cari TI The Treatment Advocacy Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer-Led Safer Sex Intervention for HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; HIV-infected men; behavioral intervention trials ID RISK BEHAVIOR; GAY MEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; BISEXUAL MEN; POSITIVE MEN; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; SMOKING-CESSATION; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Objective: Primary care may be an effective venue for delivering behavioral interventions for sexual safety among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM); however, few studies show efficacy for such an approach. We tested the efficacy of the Treatment Advocacy Program (TAP), a 4-session, primary-care-based, individual counseling intervention led by HIV-positive MSM "peer advocates" in reducing unprotected sex with HIV-negative or unknown partners (HIV transmission risk). Method: We randomized 313 HIV-positive MSM to TAP or standard care. HIV transmission risk was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (251 participants completed all study waves). We conducted intent-to-treat analyses using general estimating equations to test the interaction of group (TAP vs. standard care) by follow-up period. Results: At study completion, TAP participants reported greater transmission risk reduction than did those receiving standard care, chi(2)(2, N = 249) = 6.6, p = .04. Transmission risk among TAP participants decreased from 34% at baseline to about 20% at both 6 and 12 months: Transmission risk ranged from 23% to 25% among comparison participants. Conclusions: TAP reduced transmission risk among HIV-positive MSM, although results are modest. Many participants and peer advocates commented favorably on the computer structure of the program. We feel that the key elements of TAP-computer-based and individually tailored session content, delivered by peers, in the primary care setting-warrant further exploration. C1 [McKirnan, David J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [McKirnan, David J.] Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Dept Res, Chicago, IL USA. [Tolou-Shams, Marina] Brown Univ, Bradley Hasbro Childrens Res Ctr, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Courtenay-Quirk, Cari] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McKirnan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, 1007 W Harrison, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM davidmck@uic.edu FU PHS HHS [PA 01190] NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 952 EP 963 DI 10.1037/a0020759 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 687YN UT WOS:000284814500015 PM 20919760 ER PT J AU Herring, ME AF Herring, Michael E. TI Where Have All the Vector Control Programs Gone? Part Two SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Herring, ME (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F 60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 73 IS 5 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687BW UT WOS:000284749800005 PM 21189790 ER PT J AU Park, GW Barclay, L Macinga, D Charbonneau, D Pettigrew, CA Vinje, J AF Park, Geun Woo Barclay, Leslie Macinga, David Charbonneau, Duane Pettigrew, Charles A. Vinje, Jan TI Comparative Efficacy of Seven Hand Sanitizers against Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, and GII.4 Norovirus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY; CARE CENTERS; CRUISE SHIPS; INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION; SURROGATE AB Contaminated hands or inanimate surfaces can act as a source of infection during outbreaks of human norovirus infection. We evaluated the virucidal efficacy of seven hand sanitizers containing various active ingredients, such as ethanol, triclosan, and chlorhexidine, and compared their effectiveness against feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), and a GII.4 norovirus fecal extract. We also tested the efficacy of 50, 70, and 90% of ethanol and isopropanol. Reduction of viral infectivity was measured by plaque assay, and the number of genomic copies was determined with a TaqMan real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. Based on the results of a quantitative suspension test, only one ethanol-based product (72% ethanol, pH 2.9) and one triclosan-based product (0.1% triclosan, pH 3.0) reduced the infectivity of both MNV and FCV (by >2.6 and >= 3.4 log units, respectively). Four of the seven products were effective against either MNV or FCV, whereas chlorhexidine was ineffective against both viruses. For these hand sanitizers, no correlation was found between reduced infectivity and decline of viral RNA. Ethanol and isopropanol concentrations >= 70% reduced the infectivity of MNV by log >= 2.6 log units, whereas 50 and 70% ethanol reduced the infectivity of FCV by >= 2.2 log units after exposure for 5 min. The susceptibility of FCV to low pH and the relative high susceptibility of MNV to alcohols suggest that both surrogate viruses should be considered for in vitro testing of hand sanitizers. C1 [Park, Geun Woo; Barclay, Leslie; Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Macinga, David] GOJO Ind Inc, Akron, OH 44311 USA. [Charbonneau, Duane; Pettigrew, Charles A.] Procter & Gamble Co, Mason, OH 45040 USA. RP Park, GW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fyt8@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 45 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 44 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 73 IS 12 BP 2232 EP 2238 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 692RJ UT WOS:000285172500011 PM 21219741 ER PT J AU Rowe, T Banner, D Farooqui, A Ng, DCK Kelvin, AA Rubino, S Huang, SSH Fang, YA Kelvin, DJ AF Rowe, Thomas Banner, David Farooqui, Amber Ng, Derek C. K. Kelvin, Alyson A. Rubino, Salvatore Huang, Stephen Shih Hsien Fang, Yuan Kelvin, David J. TI In vivo ribavirin activity against severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A/Mexico/4108/2009 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-AEROSOL TREATMENT; B VIRUS-INFECTION; OSELTAMIVIR-RESISTANT; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CELL-CULTURE; A H1N1; 1-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE VIRAZOLE; UNITED-STATES; MICE; ORIGIN AB The use of ribavirin in influenza treatment is a matter of debate Due to adamantine- and oseltamivir-resistant strains of the current pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) influenza viruses, the demand for alternative antiviral treatments has increased This study demonstrated the potent antiviral effects of ribavirin in a mouse model of pdmH1N1 influenza infection (A/Mexico/4108/2009) It was found that treatment with 40 mg ribavirin kg(-1) day(-1) partially protected the animals if initiated immediately upon infection Administration of similar concentrations on subsequent days or immediate therapy with lower doses efficiently delayed disease progression Correlation studies showed a direct relationship between low viral titres in the lung during the early stages of infection with animal survival in ribavirin-treated animals Reduced lung pathology in animals treated with ribavirin following infection also indicated the importance of immediate treatment This study revealed the antiviral properties of ribavirin and these results justify comprehensive clinical studies for the use of ribavirin against influenza virus in future outbreaks C1 [Rowe, Thomas; Banner, David; Ng, Derek C. K.; Kelvin, David J.] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Gen Res Inst, Div Expt Therapeut, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Farooqui, Amber; Kelvin, David J.] Shantou Univ, Int Inst Infect & Immun, Coll Med, Shantou 515031, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Farooqui, Amber; Rubino, Salvatore; Kelvin, David J.] Univ Sassari, Dept Biomed Sci, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Farooqui, Amber; Kelvin, Alyson A.; Rubino, Salvatore] Sardinia Res & Dev, Sassari, Italy. [Kelvin, Alyson A.] MaRS Ctr, IDR, MaRS Incubator, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Huang, Stephen Shih Hsien; Fang, Yuan; Kelvin, David J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Immunol, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kelvin, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG 16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Farooqui, Amber/D-1402-2009 FU NIH; Li Ka Shing Foundation of Canada; Sardegna Ricerche Italy FX We would like to thank Steve Lindstrom from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA USA) for the pandemic H1N1 influenza A strain A/Mexico/4108/2009 This research was supported by NIH the Li Ka Shing Foundation of Canada and Sardegna Ricerche Italy NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 BP 2898 EP 2906 DI 10.1099/vir.0.024323-0 PN 12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 693JS UT WOS:000285221000002 PM 20797971 ER PT J AU Li, JH Munsiff, SS Agerton, TB AF Li, Jiehui Munsiff, Sonal S. Agerton, Tracy B. TI Prevalence of Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity in Clinical Population in New York City SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Prevalence; Tuberculin skin test; Immigrants ID INFECTION; HEALTH; ASSAYS; RISK AB The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the various populations of New York City (NYC), a city with a high density of non-US-born persons, is unknown. We examined the prevalence of TST positivity in patients who received a tuberculin skin test (TST) between 1/2002 and 8/2004 at any of 10 NYC health department chest centers. A positive TST was defined as an induration reaction to tuberculin of a parts per thousand yen10 mm. In the study population of 41,022 individuals, prevalence of TST positivity was 24.4% (95%CI = 24.0, 24.8); four times higher among non-US-born persons than US-born (39.5% vs. 8.8%, Prevalence ratio (PR) = 4.5; 95%CI = 4.4, 4.6). Prevalence of TST positivity increased with age in both US and non-US-born persons. Persons from countries with a TB case rate > 100/100,000 population had higher prevalence of TST positivity (47% vs. a parts per thousand currency sign39%), even after controlling for BCG (PR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.2, 1.4). These findings provide insight into current prevalence of TST positivity in many immigrant populations and will help both clinicians and health departments to target patients for LTBI treatment. C1 [Li, Jiehui; Munsiff, Sonal S.; Agerton, Tracy B.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10279 USA. [Munsiff, Sonal S.; Agerton, Tracy B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 233 Broadway,26th Floor, New York, NY 10279 USA. EM jli3@health.nyc.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 816 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s10903-008-9204-9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 672JQ UT WOS:000283579500002 PM 18985452 ER PT J AU Glocwicz, J Stonecipher, S Schulte, J AF Glocwicz, Janet Stonecipher, Shelley Schulte, Joann TI Maternal and Congenital Brucellosis in Texas: Changing Travel Patterns and Laboratory Implications SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Brucellosis; Changing patterns of disease; Migrant; Immigrant; Travel patterns; Zoonotic diseases ID NEONATAL BRUCELLOSIS; PREMATURE-INFANT; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MELITENSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Brucellosis is an uncommon disease in the US, but Texas reports approximately a third of cases. We review the investigation of a pair of mother-infant cases that were unique in the demographics, the nature of travel exposure and the resulting brucellosis exposure in a hospital's delivery suite and laboratory. These cases illustrate the changing nature of travel and the need to obtain a relevant travel history and adequate laboratory procedures. Clinicians and laboratory workers in Texas need to understand that brucellosis remains an endemic disease, but that its epidemiology is changing. C1 [Glocwicz, Janet] Collin Cty Hlth Dept, Mckinney, TX USA. [Stonecipher, Shelley; Schulte, Joann] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Arlington, TX USA. [Schulte, Joann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schulte, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schultej@niaid.nih.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 952 EP 955 DI 10.1007/s10903-009-9295-y PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 672JQ UT WOS:000283579500022 PM 19802698 ER PT J AU Vinje, J AF Vinje, Jan TI A Norovirus Vaccine on the Horizon? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GASTROENTERITIS; VOLUNTEERS; MUCOSAL; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vinje, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Bldg 18,Rm 7-133,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvinje@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 11 BP 1623 EP 1625 DI 10.1086/657088 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 675BU UT WOS:000283799900002 PM 20979457 ER PT J AU Ahn, YS Won, JU Park, RM AF Ahn, Yeon-Soon Won, Jong-Uk Park, Robert M. TI Cancer Morbidity of Foundry Workers in Korea SO JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Foundry; Stomach Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphohematopietic Cancer ID STEEL WORKERS; MORTALITY; COHORT; IRON AB Foundry workers are potentially exposed to a number of carcinogens. This study was conducted to describe the cancer incidence associated with employment in small-sized Korean iron foundries and to compare those findings to the Korean population. Cancer morbidity in 208 Korean foundries was analyzed using the Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) and Standardized Rate Ratio (SRR). Overall cancer morbidity in foundry workers (SIR=1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.21) was significantly higher than that of Korean general population. Lung cancer (SIR=1.45, 95%CI=1.11-1.87) and lymphohematopoietcic cancer (SIR=1.58, 95%CI=1.00-2.37) in production workers were significantly high compared to Korean general population. Stomach cancer in fettling (SRR=2.10, 95%CI=1.10-4.01) and lung cancer in molding (SRR=3.06, 95%CI=1.22-7.64) and in fettling (SRR=2.63, 95%CI=1.01-6.84) were there significant elevations compared to office workers. In this study, statistically significant excess lung cancer was observed in production workers comparing to Korean general population and office workers. Also, cancer morbidity of overall cancer, lung cancer and stomach cancer was significantly increased with duration of employment at ten and more years comparing to Korean general population. These findings suggest in causal association between exposure to carcinogens during foundry work and cancer morbidity. C1 [Ahn, Yeon-Soon] Dongguk Univ, Ilsan Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, Goyang 410773, South Korea. [Won, Jong-Uk] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Robert M.] NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ahn, YS (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Ilsan Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, 29 Donggung No, Goyang 410773, South Korea. EM ysahn@dongguk.ac.kr NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES PI SEOUL PA 302 75 DONG DU ICHON, DONG YONGSAN KU, SEOUL 140 031, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-8934 J9 J KOREAN MED SCI JI J. Korean Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1733 EP 1741 DI 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.12.1733 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699DS UT WOS:000285644700007 PM 21165287 ER PT J AU Page, N Esona, M Seheri, M Nyangao, J Bos, P Mwenda, J Steele, D AF Page, Nicola Esona, Mathew Seheri, Mapaseka Nyangao, James Bos, Pieter Mwenda, Jason Steele, Duncan TI Characterization of Genotype G8 Strains From Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE G8 rotavirus; Africa ID HUMAN ROTAVIRUS STRAINS; LONG RNA ELECTROPHEROTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GUINEA-BISSAU; SUBGROUP-I; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES AB Reviews of the global distribution of rotavirus genotypes have revealed the continuous circulation of G8 strains in Africa, often responsible for more cases of rotavirus disease than the more common G1-G4 rotavirus strains. During the study, genotype G8 strains from Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa were detected and the VP7 and VP4 genes of selected specimens were sequenced. Results indicated that G8 strains appeared to reassort frequently and were associated with P[6], P[4], and P[8] specificity. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that G8 strains occurred in a North/South African phylogenetic divide. In addition, G8 strains appear to be able to infect non-human primates and strains with close phylogenetic relationships were detected in the same year on two continents. Any rotavirus vaccine introduced into African environments will need to demonstrate protective efficacy against unusual genotype combinations, new serotypes, and animal strains. Therefore, continuous monitoring of rotavirus strains in human and animal populations in Africa is a necessity. J. Med. Virol. 82:2073-2081,2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Page, Nicola] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Page, Nicola; Seheri, Mapaseka; Bos, Pieter; Steele, Duncan] MEDUNSA, Dept Virol, MRC Diarrhoeal Pathogens Res Unit, Pretoria, South Africa. [Esona, Mathew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nyangao, James] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mwenda, Jason] Natl Museums Kenya, Inst Primate Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Steele, Duncan] Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Page, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. EM nicolap@nicd.ac.za OI Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417 FU World Health Organization; South African Medical Research Council; Polio-myelitis Research Foundation FX Grant sponsor: World Health Organization; Grant sponsor: South African Medical Research Council; Grant sponsor: Polio-myelitis Research Foundation. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2073 EP 2081 DI 10.1002/jmv.21912 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 672ZY UT WOS:000283628700012 PM 20981795 ER PT J AU Suarthana, E McFadden, JD Laney, AS Kreiss, K Anderson, HA Hunt, DC Neises, D Goodin, K Thomas, A Vandermeer, M Storey, E AF Suarthana, Eva McFadden, J. D. Laney, A. S. Kreiss, K. Anderson, H. A. Hunt, D. C. Neises, D. Goodin, K. Thomas, A. Vandermeer, M. Storey, E. TI Occupational Distribution of Persons With Confirmed 2009 H1N1 Influenza SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; HOSPITALIZATIONS; VIRUS; US AB Objective: To assess the distribution of illness by industry sector and occupation reflected in early 2009 H1N1 influenza surveillance. Methods: We analyzed data reported for April to July 2009, for 1361 laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza-infected persons 16 years or older, with work status information from four states. A North American Industry Classification System 2007 code was assigned to each employed person. For a subset, an occupation code was assigned. Results: Of 898 employed individuals, 611 (68.0%) worked in the non-health care sector. The largest proportions worked in public administration, educational services, and accommodation and food services. In Wisconsin health care personnel, 53.6% were paraprofessionals, 33.6% professionals, and 12.7% other workers; 26.9% worked in ambulatory settings, 46.2% in hospitals, and 26.9% in nursing or residential care facilities. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that industry sectors and occupations should be explored systematically in future influenza surveillance. C1 [Suarthana, Eva; Laney, A. S.; Kreiss, K.; Storey, E.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Suarthana, Eva; McFadden, J. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [McFadden, J. D.; Anderson, H. A.] Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Hunt, D. C.; Neises, D.] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. [Goodin, K.] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Thomas, A.; Vandermeer, M.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Suarthana, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Room 2806, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ESuarthana@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1212 EP 1216 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181fd32e4 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 692VS UT WOS:000285184600014 PM 21124240 ER PT J AU Petsonk, EL Wang, ML AF Petsonk, Edward L. Wang, Mei Lin TI Interpreting Screening Questionnaires Specific Respiratory Symptoms and Their Relationship to Objective Test Results SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONSPECIFIC BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; ASBESTOS-EXPOSED WORKERS; ASTHMA-LIKE SYMPTOMS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; COAL-MINERS; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; POPULATION; DECLINE; SAMPLE AB Objective: To better delineate the relationship between responses to screening respiratory symptom questionnaires and various pulmonary function test results. Methods: Spirometry, methacholine challenge, standardized questionnaires, smoking, medical, and work histories were recorded at initial and 5-year follow-up surveys among 411 participants. Percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( ppFEV(1)), 5-year FEV(1) decline, and proportion of methacholine responders (% hyper-responders) were compared with questionnaire responses utilizing generalized estimating equations modeling and analysis of variance. Results: Significant associations were found between ppFEV(1) and cough, phlegm, dyspnea, or ever wheezing; between greater percentage of hyper-responders and dyspnea with wheezing, ever/persistent wheezing, or history of asthma/hay fever; and between accelerated FEV(1) decline and new onset dyspnea with wheezing, phlegm, or persistent wheeze. Conclusions: Particular respiratory symptoms reported on screening questionnaires are associated with specific physiologic abnormalities, enhancing questionnaire utility in workplace health surveillance. C1 [Petsonk, Edward L.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Sect Pulm & Crit Care Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Petsonk, EL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop H-G900-2,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM elp2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1225 EP 1229 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181fd728f PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 692VS UT WOS:000285184600016 PM 21124238 ER PT J AU Dollard, SC Cannon, MJ Kharrazi, M AF Dollard, Sheila C. Cannon, Michael J. Kharrazi, Marty TI Dried blood spot polymerase chain reaction screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection Reply SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Dollard, Sheila C.; Cannon, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kharrazi, Marty] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.09.017 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 681JG UT WOS:000284307200045 ER PT J AU Loosier, PS Dittus, PJ AF Loosier, Penny S. Dittus, Patricia J. TI Group Differences in Risk Across Three Domains Using an Expanded Measure of Sexual Orientation SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Adolescence; Sexual minority; Heterosexual; Homosexual; Bisexual; Internalizing behaviors; Externalizing behaviors ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; US ADOLESCENT GIRLS; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; BISEXUAL YOUTHS; MENTAL-HEALTH; SUICIDE RISK; SAME-SEX; GAY; BEHAVIORS; COMPETENCE AB The purpose of this study was to highlight associations between sexual orientation and risk outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood using an expanded measure of sexual orientation. Recent data indicate higher levels of risk behavior in a newly identified population, mostly heterosexuals, as compared to heterosexuals. Comparisons among groups using an expanded measure of sexual orientation such as this, however, often do not include all possible groups or may restrict comparisons between groups. Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); participants identified as heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly gay, or gay. Main risk outcomes were parental mistreatment, home displacement, thoughts of suicide, depressive symptoms, frequency of drinking, and delinquency. A priori planned comparisons examined differences between: (a) heterosexual vs. mostly heterosexual, (b) gay vs. mostly gay, (c) mostly heterosexual vs. bisexual, (d) mostly gay vs. bisexual, (e) mostly heterosexual vs. mostly gay, (f) heterosexual vs. gay, (g) heterosexual vs. bisexual, and (h) gay vs. bisexual. Mostly heterosexual youth were at significantly greater risk than heterosexual youth on all outcomes but did not differ from bisexual or mostly gay youth. Heterosexuals were at lower risk as compared to mostly heterosexuals and bisexuals. This study provides further evidence of differential risk associations for sexual minorities. C1 [Loosier, Penny S.; Dittus, Patricia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loosier, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ploosier@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10935-010-0228-2 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700OA UT WOS:000285752300002 PM 21153707 ER PT J AU Bouris, A Guilamo-Ramos, V Pickard, A Shiu, CS Loosier, PS Dittus, P Gloppen, K Waldmiller, JM AF Bouris, Alida Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Pickard, Angela Shiu, Chengshi Loosier, Penny S. Dittus, Patricia Gloppen, Kari Waldmiller, J. Michael TI A Systematic Review of Parental Influences on the Health and Well-Being of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth: Time for a New Public Health Research and Practice Agenda SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Parental influences; Gay; Lesbian; Bisexual; Same-sex attraction; Adolescents; Young adults; Health risk behavior; Sexual behavior; Mental health; Violence; Victimization; Suicide; Substance use ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; MENTAL-HEALTH; SUICIDE ATTEMPTS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL; HIV PREVALENCE; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Relatively little is known about how parents influence the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults. This gap has led to a paucity of parent-based interventions for LGB young people. A systematic literature review on parental influences on the health of LGB youth was conducted to better understand how to develop a focused program of applied public health research. Five specific areas of health among LGB young people aged 10-24 years old were examined: (a) sexual behavior; (b) substance use; (c) violence and victimization; (d) mental health; and (e) suicide. A total of 31 quantitative articles were reviewed, the majority of which were cross-sectional and relied on convenience samples. Results indicated a trend to focus on negative, and not positive, parental influences. Other gaps included a dearth of research on sexual behavior, substance use, and violence/victimization; limited research on ethnic minority youth and on parental influences identified as important in the broader prevention science literature; and no studies reporting parent perspectives. The review highlights the need for future research on how parents can be supported to promote the health of LGB youth. Recommendations for strengthening the research base are provided. C1 [Bouris, Alida; Shiu, Chengshi] Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent] NYU, Silver Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Pickard, Angela] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Loosier, Penny S.; Dittus, Patricia; Gloppen, Kari; Waldmiller, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bouris, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, 969 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM abouris@uchicago.edu; vincent.ramos@nyu.edu; angela.pickard@utoronto.ca; plf4@cdc.gov; pdd6@cdc.gov; kmgloppen@gmail.com NR 96 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 273 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10935-010-0229-1 PG 37 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700OA UT WOS:000285752300003 PM 21161599 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Stier, DD AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Stier, Daniel D. TI Prescription drug laws, drug overdoses, and drug sales in New York and Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE opioid; overdose; regulation; drug abuse; poisoning; mortality ID UNITED-STATES; NONCANCER PAIN AB Drug overdose mortality nearly doubled in the United States from 1999 to 2004, with most of the increase due to prescription drug overdoses. Studying mortality rates in states that did not experience such increases may identify successful prescription overdose prevention strategies. We compared New York, a state that did not experience an overdose increase, with its neighbor, Pennsylvania. New York and Pennsylvania had prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), but New York's PDMP was better funded and made use of serialized, tamperproof prescription forms. Per capita usage of the major prescription opioids in New York was two-thirds that of Pennsylvania. The drug overdose death rate in Pennsylvania was 1.6 times that of New York in 2006. Differences between New York and Pennsylvania might be due to the regulatory environment in New York State. Journal of Public Health Policy (2010) 31, 422-432. doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.27 C1 [Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stier, Daniel D.] William Mitchell Coll Law, Publ Hlth Law Network, St Paul, MN USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 601 Sunland Pk Dr,Suite 200, El Paso 79912, TX USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0197-5897 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1057/jphp.2010.27 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 688CF UT WOS:000284826600005 PM 21119649 ER PT J AU Kilmer, G Bynum, L Balamurugan, A AF Kilmer, Greta Bynum, LaTonya Balamurugan, Appathurai TI Access to and Use of Eye Care Services in Rural Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE eye care; access; services; insurance; rural; Arkansas ID VISION; STATES AB Context: Rural residents are more likely to be uninsured and have low income. Purpose: To determine if rural residents in Arkansas have decreased access to eye care services and use them less frequently than urban residents. Methods: Data from the 2006 Visual Impairment and Access to Eye Care Module from the Arkansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used in the analysis. Adults age 40 years and older were included (n = 4,289). Results were weighted to reflect the age, race, and gender distribution of the population of Arkansas. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for demographic differences between rural and urban populations. Findings: Significantly fewer rural residents (45%) reported having insurance coverage for eye care services compared with residents living in urban areas (55%). Rural residents were less likely (45%) than urban residents (49%) to have had a dilated eye exam within the past year. Among residents aged 40-64, those from rural areas were more likely than their urban counterparts to report cost/lack of insurance as the main reason for not having a recent eye care visit. Conclusions: In 2006, rates of eye care insurance coverage were significantly lower for rural residents while use of eye care services differed slightly between rural and urban residents. Rural residents in Arkansas age 40-64 would benefit from having increased access to eye care insurance and/or low cost eye care services. C1 [Kilmer, Greta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bynum, LaTonya; Balamurugan, Appathurai] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Balamurugan, Appathurai] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Kilmer, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 2990 Brandywine Rd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gfq8@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD WIN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00262.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 540EJ UT WOS:000273313500005 PM 20105265 ER PT J AU Yard, EE Gilchrist, J Haileyesus, T Murphy, M Collins, C Mcllvain, N Comstock, RD AF Yard, Ellen E. Gilchrist, Julie Haileyesus, Tadesse Murphy, Matthew Collins, Christy Mcllvain, Natalie Comstock, R. Dawn TI Heat illness among high school athletes - United States, 2005-2009 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Heat illness; Sports; Adolescents; Unintentional injury; Climate change ID ASSOCIATION POSITION STATEMENT; INJURIES; SPORTS AB Introduction: Heat illness is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. high school athletes. Methods: To examine the incidence and characteristics of heat illness among high school athletes. CDC analyzed data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for the period 2005-2009. Results: During 2005-2009, the 100 schools sampled reported a total of 118 heat illnesses among high school athletes resulting in >= 1 day of time lost from athletic activity, a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 athlete-exposures, and an average of 29.5 time-loss heat illnesses per school year. The average corresponds to a weighted average annual estimate of 9,237 illnesses nationwide. The highest rate of time-loss heat illness was among football players, 4.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures, a rate 10 times higher than the average rate (0.4) for the eight other sports. Time-loss heat illnesses occurred most frequently during August (66.3%) and while practicing or playing football (70.7%). No deaths were reported. Conclusions: Consistent with guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association, to reduce the risk for heat illness, high school athletic programs should implement heat-acclimatization guidelines (e.g., set limits on summer practice duration and intensity). All athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents/guardians should be aware of the risk factors for heat illness, follow recommended strategies, and be prepared to respond quickly to symptoms of illness. Coaches also should continue to stress to their athletes the importance of maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after sports activities. Impact of industry: By implementing preventive recommendations and quickly recognizing and responding to heat illness, coaches, athletic trainers, and the sporting community can prevent future deaths. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yard, Ellen E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gilchrist, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Haileyesus, Tadesse] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Collins, Christy; Mcllvain, Natalie; Comstock, R. Dawn] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Res Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Comstock, R. Dawn] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Comstock, R. Dawn] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Yard, EE (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-57, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM eyard@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.09.001 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 702LH UT WOS:000285895700002 PM 21134511 ER PT J AU Balaji, AB Brener, ND McManus, T AF Balaji, Alexandra B. Brener, Nancy D. McManus, Tim TI Variation in School Health Policies and Programs by Demographic Characteristics of US Schools, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE school health policies; school health programs; child and adolescent health; demographic characteristics of schools ID IMPLEMENTATION; SERVICES AB BACKGROUND: To identify whether school health policies and programs vary by demographic characteristics of schools, using data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006. This study updates a similar study conducted with SHPPS 2000 data and assesses several additional policies and programs measured for the first time in SHPPS 2006. METHODS: SHPPS 2006 assessed the status of 8 components of the coordinated school health model using a nationally representative sample of public, Catholic, and private schools at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. Data were collected from school faculty and staff using computer-assisted personal interviews and then linked with extant data on school characteristics. RESULTS: Results from a series of regression analyses indicated that a number of school policies and programs varied by school type (public, Catholic, or private), urbanicity, school size, discretionary dollars per pupil, percentage of white students, percentage of students qualifying for free lunch funds, and, among high schools, percentage of college-bound students. Catholic and private schools, smaller schools, and those with low discretionary dollars per pupil did not have as many key school health policies and programs as did schools that were public, larger, and had higher discretionary dollars per pupil. However, no single type of school had all key components of a coordinated school health program in place. CONCLUSIONS: Although some categories of schools had fewer policies and programs in place, all had both strengths and weaknesses. Regardless of school characteristics, all schools have the potential to implement a quality school health program. C1 [Balaji, Alexandra B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brener, Nancy D.; McManus, Tim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balaji, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvi7@cdc.gov; nad1@cdc.gov; tsm9@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-4391 EI 1746-1561 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 80 IS 12 BP 599 EP 613 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00547.x PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 682TZ UT WOS:000284427200004 PM 21087256 ER PT J AU Gary Rozier, R Adair, S Graham, F Iafolla, T Kingman, A Kohn, W Krol, D Levy, S Pollick, H Whitford, G Strock, S Hawley, JF Aravamudhan, K Meyer, DM AF Gary Rozier, R. Adair, Steven Graham, Frank Iafolla, Timothy Kingman, Albert Kohn, William Krol, David Levy, Steven Pollick, Howard Whitford, Gary Strock, Sheila Hawley, Julie Frantsve Aravamudhan, Krishna Meyer, Daniel M. TI Evidence-based clinical recommendations on the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements for caries prevention A report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Fluoride supplements caries prevention fluorosis; evidence based dentistry clinical recommendations ID PERMANENT 1ST MOLARS; MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS; POSTERUPTION WATER FLUORIDE; SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN; ENAMEL FLUOROSIS; CHEWABLE TABLETS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; CRITICAL PERIOD; DRINKING-WATER AB Background This article presents evidence based clinical recommendations for the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements The recommendations were developed by an expert panel convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs (CSA) The panel addressed the following questions when and for whom should fluoride supplements be prescribed and what should be the recommended dosage schedule for dietary fluoride supplements? Types of Studies Reviewed A panel of experts convened by the ADA CSA m collaboration with staff of the ADA Center for Evidence based Dentistry conducted a MEDLINE search to identify publications that addressed the research questions systematic reviews as well as clinical studies published since the systematic reviews were conducted (June 1 2006) Results The panel concluded that dietary fluoride supplements should be prescribed only for children who are at high risk of developing canes and whose primary source of drinking water is deficient m fluoride Clinical Implications These recommendations are a resource for practitioners to consider in the clinical decision making process As part of the evidence based approach to care these clinical recommendations should be integrated with the practitioners professional judgment and the patients needs and preferences Providers should carefully monitor the patient s adherence to the fluoride dosing schedule to maximize the potential therapeutic benefit C1 [Hawley, Julie Frantsve; Aravamudhan, Krishna] Amer Dent Assoc, Div Sci, Ctr Evidence Based Dent, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Hawley, Julie Frantsve] Amer Dent Assoc, Div Sci, Res Inst, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Gary Rozier, R.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Adair, Steven] FORBA Dent Management, Nashville, TN USA. [Adair, Steven] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Graham, Frank] Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Dent, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Graham, Frank] Amer Dent Assoc, Council Dent Practice, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Iafolla, Timothy] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Off Sci Policy & Anal, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kohn, William] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krol, David] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Levy, Steven] Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Prevent & Community Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Levy, Steven] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Pollick, Howard] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Dent, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Whitford, Gary] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Strock, Sheila] Amer Dent Assoc, Council Access Prevent & Interprofess Relat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Hawley, JF (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc, Div Sci, Ctr Evidence Based Dent, 211 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 EI 1943-4723 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 141 IS 12 BP 1480 EP 1489 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 695LR UT WOS:000285372100022 ER PT J AU May, AL Dietz, WH AF May, Ashleigh L. Dietz, William H. TI The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008: Opportunities to Assess Parental, Cultural, and Environmental Influences on Dietary Behaviors and Obesity Prevention among Young Children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRIMARY-CARE INTERVENTION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-INTAKE; ADOLESCENTS; PATTERNS; STYLES; IMPACT; OVERWEIGHT C1 [May, Ashleigh L.; Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP May, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K 26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 110 IS 12 SU 3 BP S11 EP S15 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.006 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 689HJ UT WOS:000284918400003 PM 21092764 ER PT J AU Polson, KA Rawlins, SC Brogdon, WG Chadee, DD AF Polson, Karen A. Rawlins, Samuel C. Brogdon, William G. Chadee, Dave D. TI ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO STRAINS OF AEDES AEGYPTI SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; insecticide resistance; organophosphates; Trinidad and Tobago ID INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARIBBEAN POPULATIONS; NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES; BIOASSAYS; TIME AB Aedes aegypti larvae from 8 sites in Trinidad and 1 in Tobago were assayed against temephos, malathion, and fenthion using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention time-mortality based bioassay method. Resistance ratios (RRs) and resistance thresholds (RTs) for each insecticide were calculated in relation to the Caribbean Epidemiology Center reference susceptible strain. Results showed that the Hale land Park and Tobago strains were susceptible to fenthion and malathion, respectively (RRs < 1), while the San Fernando strain had a high RR (33.92) to malathion. All other strains had low-level resistance to fenthion and malathion. Resistance to temephos was more intense with 4 strains showing high-level resistance. The established RT was 60 min for fenthion, 75 min for bendiocarb, and 120 min for temephos and malathion. At the RTs, all Trinidad strains were resistant to temephos (11.50-74.50% mortality), 7 resistant to fenthion (21.25-78.75% mortality), and 5 resistant to malathion (56.25-77.50% mortality). The other strains were incipiently resistant (80-97% mortality). Despite the discrepancies between the RR levels and RT status, it is evident that the organophosphate insecticide resistance is prevalent in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Ae. aegypti. These results suggest that operational failure could soon occur and alternative strategies should be developed and implemented to reduce the probability of further selection pressure on resistant Ae. aegypti populations in Trinidad and Tobago. C1 [Polson, Karen A.; Chadee, Dave D.] Univ W Indies, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Rawlins, Samuel C.] Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr CAREC, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. [Brogdon, William G.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chadee, DD (reprint author), Univ W Indies, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.2987/10-6019.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 697QI UT WOS:000285529800006 PM 21290936 ER PT J AU Voetsch, AC Thomas, PE Johnson, AS Millett, GA Mundey, L Goode, C Nobles, J Sly, K Smith, MR Shiloh, M Song, BW Green, K Dean, HD Heffelfinger, JD AF Voetsch, Andrew C. Thomas, Peter E. Johnson, Anna Satcher Millett, Gregorio A. Mundey, Lynette Goode, Carolyn Nobles, Joanne Sly, Kaye Smith, Michelle R. Shiloh, Mattie Song, Binwei Green, Kathleen Dean, Hazel D. Heffelfinger, James D. TI Sex With Bisexual Men Among Black Female Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; risk behaviors; African Americans ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SAME-SEX; WOMEN; DISPARITIES; TRANSMISSION; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects black women. Nearly two-thirds of all female HIV cases reported to the CDC are black, and HIV is the leading cause of death among black women aged 25 to 34 years. The greatest HIV transmission risk among black women is sexual intercourse with a man, although the role of bisexual men is not clear. Methods: The CDC and collaborating partners conducted behavioral surveys at 7 historically black colleges and universities from January 2005 to April 2007. Results: Of the 2705 black female students aged 18 to 29 years who were surveyed, 2040 (75%) reported being sexually active in the previous 12 months and, among sexually active women, 291 (14%) reported having sex with a bisexual man in the previous 12 months. Women who reported sex with a bisexual man were more likely than women who did not to report having at least 2 sex partners in the previous 12 months, having male and female sex partners, not using a condom at last intercourse, being in a committed relationship, never or infrequently attending church, and believing they were at increased risk for HIV infection. Conclusion: Heterosexually active black women who have engaged in sexual intercourse with bisexual men have a different HIV risk profile than other heterosexually active black women. C1 [Voetsch, Andrew C.; Thomas, Peter E.; Johnson, Anna Satcher; Millett, Gregorio A.; Song, Binwei; Green, Kathleen; Dean, Hazel D.; Heffelfinger, James D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mundey, Lynette; Goode, Carolyn] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Nobles, Joanne] Ft Valley State Univ, Fort Valley, GA USA. [Sly, Kaye] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. [Smith, Michelle R.] Jefferson Comprehens Care Inc, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Shiloh, Mattie] Albany State Univ, Albany, GA USA. RP Voetsch, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transm, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aav6@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1198 EP 1205 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699KK UT WOS:000285662100011 PM 21287901 ER PT J AU Spradling, PR Richardson, JT Buchacz, K Moorman, AC Brooks, JT AF Spradling, P. R. Richardson, J. T. Buchacz, K. Moorman, A. C. Brooks, J. T. CA HIV Outpatient Study HOPS Investig TI Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among patients in the HIV Outpatient Study, 1996-2007 SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE coinfection; HBV; HIV; prevalence; testing ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; COHORT; MORTALITY; COINFECTION; SURVIVAL AB Coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important and preventable cause of chronic liver disease among HIV-infected patients. We calculated the prevalence of chronic HBV infection annually from 1996 to 2007 by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and HIV transmission risk in a multisite observational cohort study of HIV-infected patients. Prevalence of chronic HBV infection was calculated as the number of patients with a positive HBsAg or detectable HBV DNA divided by the number of patients tested using either one of these assays. Among 4467 (59%) patients tested for chronic HBV infection from a total of 7618 patients active during 1996-2007, median age was 38.5 years, 77% were men, 49% were white, 35% were black, 13% were Hispanic, and 53% were men who had sex with men (MSM). Overall, 8.4% tested positive for HBsAg or detectable HBV DNA. Annual chronic HBV prevalence during 1996-2007 ranged from 7.8% to 8.6% without a statistically significant trend. Overall, prevalence was greater among men compared with women; among whites, blacks, and persons of other race compared with Hispanics; among MSM compared with injection drug users and high-risk heterosexuals; and among patients aged 35-44 years compared with younger or older patients. MSM constituted the greatest fraction (63-72%) of all HBV-infected patients in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) over the period. Of eligible patients, 5.8%, 23.4%, and 31.6% had received at least one dose of HBV vaccine by years 1996, 2002, and 2007, respectively. Despite the availability of an effective HBV vaccine for over two decades and long-standing recommendations for immunization of persons (with or without HIV infection) at risk for HBV, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection in this study has been largely unchanged over the past decade among patients in all groups, and overall was 20 times as high as the national population prevalence. C1 [Spradling, P. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Richardson, J. T.] Cerner Corp, Vienna, Austria. [Buchacz, K.; Moorman, A. C.; Brooks, J. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spradling, PR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pspradling@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2001-00133, 200-2006-2879] FX Contract 200-2001-00133 and 200-2006-2879 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1352-0504 EI 1365-2893 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 12 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01249.x PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 678WX UT WOS:000284115200010 PM 20158604 ER PT J AU Belisle, SE Tisoncik, JR Korth, MJ Carter, VS Proll, SC Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M Tumpey, TM Katze, MG AF Belisle, Sarah E. Tisoncik, Jennifer R. Korth, Marcus J. Carter, Victoria S. Proll, Sean C. Swayne, David E. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. TI Genomic Profiling of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) Receptor and Interleukin-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Reveals a Link between TNF-alpha Signaling and Increased Severity of 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE MODULATION; DEFICIENT MICE; CUTTING EDGE; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES; ACTIVATION; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; MECHANISMS; MODEL AB The influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 was one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. The highly pathogenic nature of the 1918 virus is thought to be mediated in part by a dysregulation of the host response, including an exacerbated proinflammatory cytokine response. In the present study, we compared the host transcriptional response to infection with the reconstructed 1918 virus in wild-type, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 knockout (TNFRKO), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-1 knockout (IL1RKO) mice as a means of further understanding the role of proinflammatory cytokine signaling during the acute response to infection. Despite reported redundancy in the functions of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, we observed that reducing the signaling capacity of each of these molecules by genetic disruption of their key receptor genes had very different effects on the host response to infection. In TNFRKO mice, we found delayed or decreased expression of genes associated with antiviral and innate immune signaling, complement, coagulation, and negative acute-phase response. In contrast, in IL1RKO mice numerous genes were differentially expressed at 1 day postinoculation, including an increase in the expression of genes that contribute to dendritic and natural killer cell processes and cellular movement, and gene expression profiles remained relatively constant at later time points. We also observed a compensatory increase in TNF-alpha expression in virus-infected IL1RKO mice. Our data suggest that signaling through the IL-1 receptor is protective, whereas signaling through the TNF-alpha receptor increases the severity of 1918 virus infection. These findings suggest that manipulation of these pathways may have therapeutic benefit. C1 [Belisle, Sarah E.; Tisoncik, Jennifer R.; Korth, Marcus J.; Carter, Victoria S.; Proll, Sean C.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Belisle, Sarah E.; Tisoncik, Jennifer R.; Korth, Marcus J.; Carter, Victoria S.; Proll, Sean C.] Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swayne, David E.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [P01AI058113] FX This study was funded in part by Public Health Service grant P01AI058113 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 84 IS 24 BP 12576 EP 12588 DI 10.1128/JVI.01310-10 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 683IN UT WOS:000284469600011 PM 20926563 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Gunn, JP AF Lee, Jessica M. Gunn, Janelle Peralez TI Dietary Sodium Reduction in the United States: Its Importance for Women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADULTS AB This article highlights sodium intake and risk for cardiovascular disease among women in the U. S. population and reviews selected interventions to promote sodium reduction conducted by CDC's Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. C1 [Lee, Jessica M.; Gunn, Janelle Peralez] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lee, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 2877 Brandywine Rd,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmlee1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2152 DI 10.1089/jwh.2010.2438 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 685KF UT WOS:000284626900001 PM 21087081 ER PT J AU Tinker, SC Reefhuis, J Dellinger, AM Jamieson, DJ AF Tinker, Sarah C. Reefhuis, Jennita Dellinger, Ann M. Jamieson, Denise J. CA National Birth Defects Prevention TI Epidemiology of Maternal Injuries During Pregnancy in a Population-Based Study, 1997-2005 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OUTCOMES FOLLOWING HOSPITALIZATION; MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; WASHINGTON-STATE; FETAL OUTCOMES; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; BELT USE; TRAUMA; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS AB Background: Maternal injuries during pregnancy are common and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. We sought to describe factors related to injury during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a population-based, case-control study of birth defects in 10 U. S. states. We estimated the proportion of control mothers, a random sample of mothers delivering infants without major birth defects in the study regions, who reported an injury during pregnancy. We assessed associations with maternal and paternal characteristics using logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Between October 1997 and December 2005, 490 (7.4%) of 6609 mothers reported 527 injuries during pregnancy. Falls caused over half of reported injuries during pregnancy (51.6%), and 9.5% of reported injuries were intentionally inflicted. Mothers who reported an injury during pregnancy were more likely to be aged <18 years vs. 18-29 years (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.54-5.23) and less likely to be aged >= 30 years (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.89). They were more likely to use alcohol during pregnancy (aOR for nonbinge drinking 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.81), to smoke during pregnancy (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.85), to have epilepsy (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.48-7.38), and to be employed (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.93) than mothers who did not report an injury. Conclusions: We identified several factors associated with maternal injury during pregnancy, an important step in identifying women who may be at higher risk and in designing interventions to prevent injuries during pregnancy. C1 [Tinker, Sarah C.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dellinger, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tinker, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E86,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zzu9@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2211 EP 2218 DI 10.1089/jwh.2010.2160 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 685KF UT WOS:000284626900011 PM 21034174 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Biagini, RE Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS Dooley, MA AF Parks, C. G. Biagini, R. E. Cooper, G. S. Gilkeson, G. S. Dooley, M. A. TI Total serum IgE levels in systemic lupus erythematosus and associations with childhood onset allergies SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE allergy; atopy; autoantibodies; autoimmunity; hygiene hypothesis; immunoglobulins; nephritis; population-based; systemic lupus erythematosus ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E LEVELS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VITAMIN-D; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS; ATOPIC DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS; EARLY-LIFE; POPULATION; ASTHMA AB Elevated serum IgE has been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but associations with disease risk and characteristics remain unresolved. We assessed total serum IgE levels and atopy (IgE > 100 IU/ml) in recently diagnosed SLE patients (n = 228) compared with population controls (n = 293) and in relation to disease activity, autoantibodies, clinical features, total immunoglobulins, C-reactive protein, and allergy history. Multivariate models estimated determinants of IgE and atopy in patients and controls, and associations of SLE with allergy and atopy. Total IgE levels were higher in patients than controls (median = 42 vs. 29 IU/ml); 32% of patients and 25% of controls were atopic (p = 0.06). IgE levels were significantly higher in non-Whites and patients reporting childhood onset (< 18 years) asthma and hives, and in controls reporting childhood asthma, hay fever, eczema, and adult onset hives. After accounting for racial differences, atopy was not associated with SLE, nephritis, or other clinical and laboratory parameters. In sum, our findings provide limited evidence of a direct association between total serum IgE and SLE overall or with other disease characteristics after adjusting for demographic characteristics and allergy history. Future studies may want to explore potentially shared risk factors for development of allergy, atopy, and SLE. Lupus (2010) 19, 1614-1622. C1 [Parks, C. G.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Durham, NC USA. [Biagini, R. E.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilkeson, G. S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Dooley, M. A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Rheumatol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. EM Parks1@mail.nih.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; NIOSH [Y1-ES-0001-Clinical Immunotoxicity]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Y1-ES-0001-Clinical Immunotoxicity] FX This work was supported in part by the intramural research program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and by an interagency agreement between NIOSH and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (grant number Y1-ES-0001-Clinical Immunotoxicity). NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1614 EP 1622 DI 10.1177/0961203310379870 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 685IA UT WOS:000284621200005 PM 20937624 ER PT J AU Howie, RL Folster, JP Bowen, A Barzilay, EJ Whichard, JM AF Howie, Rebecca Leigh Folster, Jason P. Bowen, Anna Barzilay, Ezra J. Whichard, Jean M. TI Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in Shigella sonnei, United States SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; PCR AB To investigate azithromycin susceptibility in Shigella sonnei in the United States, we examined the azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of outbreak and routine human S. sonnei isolates. Isolate susceptibility clustered at 8 mg/L, but three isolates displayed higher MICs (>64 mg/L) to azithromycin. All three isolates contained a plasmid-encoded mphA gene, known to encode a macrolide-2'-phosphotransferase enzyme. Transformation of the mphA gene into Escherichia coli DH10B allowed the transfer of decreased susceptibility to azithromycin. Although these isolates might traditionally be defined as resistant, there are no established breakpoints for resistance to confirm that treatment of these isolates with azithromycin would fail, which complicates susceptibility screening. C1 [Howie, Rebecca Leigh; Folster, Jason P.; Bowen, Anna; Barzilay, Ezra J.; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Howie, Rebecca Leigh; Folster, Jason P.] IHRC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Folster, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gux8@cdc.gov FU U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project was funded by an interagency agreement between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1089/mdr.2010.0028 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 688QS UT WOS:000284867300001 PM 20624094 ER PT J AU Stephens, KW Hutchins, RJ Dauphin, LA AF Stephens, Kenyatta W. Hutchins, Rebecca J. Dauphin, Leslie A. TI Cross-platform evaluation of commercial real-time reverse transcription PCR master mix kits using a quantitative 5 ' nuclease assay for Ebola virus SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Master mix; Ebola virus; Real time RT PCR; Bioterrorism ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUS; RT-PCR; QUANTIFICATION; FILOVIRIDAE; PERFORMANCE; MARBURG; CONGO AB Selection of optimal reaction master mix reagents is essential to obtain the best performance with diagnostic real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays Every year the number of commercially available master mix kits increases so it is prudent to periodically evaluate kits on the market In this study we evaluated five commercial real-time RT-PCR master mix kits the RealMasterMix RT-PCR ROX kit the AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR kit the SuperScript III Platinum One-step Quantitative RT-PCR system the QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR lot and the LightCycler RNA HybProbe amplification kit using a 5'nuclease assay for Ebola virus The kits were evaluated using the manufacturer s recommended conditions as well as conditions which have been used with the Ebola virus assay during outbreaks When evaluated for use in Ebola virus RNA detection the AgPath-ID kit resulted in the greatest sensitivity in comparison to the other four lots The efficacy of the AgPath-ID kit was instrument-independent in the five real-time PCR platforms tested This study demonstrated that Ebola virus RNA detection was not equivalent among the master mix reagents studied and thus that this variable can affect real-time RT-PCR assay sensitivity Furthermore this study rates the master mix reagents for their suitability providing diagnostic laboratories the option to select from these kits to suit their specific laboratory needs for real-time RT-PCR Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Stephens, Kenyatta W.; Hutchins, Rebecca J.; Dauphin, Leslie A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, LPRB, DPEI, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dauphin, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, LPRB, DPEI, Mail Stop G 42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2010.08.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 677DV UT WOS:000283970200006 PM 20732412 ER PT J AU Morelli, G Song, YJ Mazzoni, CJ Eppinger, M Roumagnac, P Wagner, DM Feldkamp, M Kusecek, B Vogler, AJ Li, YJ Cui, YJ Thomson, NR Jombart, T Leblois, R Lichtner, P Rahalison, L Petersen, JM Balloux, F Keim, P Wirth, T Ravel, J Yang, RF Carniel, E Achtman, M AF Morelli, Giovanna Song, Yajun Mazzoni, Camila J. Eppinger, Mark Roumagnac, Philippe Wagner, David M. Feldkamp, Mirjam Kusecek, Barica Vogler, Amy J. Li, Yanjun Cui, Yujun Thomson, Nicholas R. Jombart, Thibaut Leblois, Raphael Lichtner, Peter Rahalison, Lila Petersen, Jeannine M. Balloux, Francois Keim, Paul Wirth, Thierry Ravel, Jacques Yang, Ruifu Carniel, Elisabeth Achtman, Mark TI Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHI; PLAGUE; EVOLUTION; INSIGHTS; STRAIN; MICROEVOLUTION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; ADAPTATION; DYNAMICS; HISTORY AB Plague is a pandemic human invasive disease caused by the bacterial agent Yersinia pestis. We here report a comparison of 17 whole genomes of Y. pestis isolates from global sources. We also screened a global collection of 286 Y. pestis isolates for 933 SNPs using Sequenom MassArray SNP typing. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on this sequence variation dataset, assigned isolates to populations based on maximum parsimony and, from these results, made inferences regarding historical transmission routes. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that Y. pestis evolved in or near China and spread through multiple radiations to Europe, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, leading to country- specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs. All 626 current isolates from the United States reflect one radiation, and 82 isolates from Madagascar represent a second radiation. Subsequent local microevolution of Y. pestis is marked by sequential, geographically specific SNPs. C1 [Song, Yajun; Li, Yanjun; Cui, Yujun; Yang, Ruifu] Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Morelli, Giovanna; Mazzoni, Camila J.; Roumagnac, Philippe; Feldkamp, Mirjam; Kusecek, Barica; Achtman, Mark] Max Planck Inst Infekt Biol, Dept Mol Biol, Berlin, Germany. [Song, Yajun; Mazzoni, Camila J.; Achtman, Mark] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Eppinger, Mark; Ravel, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Roumagnac, Philippe] Ctr Cooprat Int Rech Agron Dev, Mixte Res Unit Biol & Genet Plant Pathogen Intera, Montpellier, France. [Wagner, David M.; Vogler, Amy J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Thomson, Nicholas R.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Jombart, Thibaut; Balloux, Francois] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, MRC, Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modeling, London, England. [Leblois, Raphael; Wirth, Thierry] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, Dept Systemat & Evolut,UMR 7205, Paris, France. [Lichtner, Peter] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Human Genet, Neuherberg, Germany. [Rahalison, Lila] Inst Pasteur Madagascar, Unite Peste, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Carniel, Elisabeth] Inst Pasteur, Yersinia Res Unit, Paris, France. [Achtman, Mark] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. RP Yang, RF (reprint author), Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM ruifuyang@gmail.com; elisabeth.carniel@pasteur.fr; m.achtman@ucc.ie RI Wirth, Thierry/B-4915-2008; Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Balloux, Francois/D-4783-2009; Leblois, Raphael/A-8815-2008; Cui, Yujun/E-7015-2012; Song, Yajun/F-3714-2011; Mazzoni, Camila/L-3441-2014; Yang, Ruifu/A-2273-2011; OI Balloux, Francois/0000-0003-1978-7715; Leblois, Raphael/0000-0002-3051-4497; Song, Yajun/0000-0002-6628-2747; Yang, Ruifu/0000-0003-3219-7269; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI065359, N01 AI030071, U54 AI065359]; Science Foundation Ireland [05/FE1/B882]; Wellcome Trust NR 49 TC 218 Z9 241 U1 7 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1140 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.705 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 684UZ UT WOS:000284578800020 PM 21037571 ER PT J AU Guzman, MG Halstead, SB Artsob, H Buchy, P Jeremy, F Gubler, DJ Hunsperger, E Kroeger, A Margolis, HS Martinez, E Nathan, MB Pelegrino, JL Cameron, S Yoksan, S Peeling, RW AF Guzman, Maria G. Halstead, Scott B. Artsob, Harvey Buchy, Philippe Jeremy Farrar Gubler, Duane J. Hunsperger, Elizabeth Kroeger, Axel Margolis, Harold S. Martinez, Eric Nathan, Michael B. Luis Pelegrino, Jose Cameron Simmons Yoksan, Sutee Peeling, Rosanna W. TI Dengue: a continuing global threat SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLAQUE-REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; TYPE-4 VACCINE CANDIDATE; HEALTHY ADULT VOLUNTEERS; ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M IGM; T-CELL RESPONSES AB Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever are important arthropod-brone viral diseases. Each year, there are similar to 50 million dengue infections and similar to 500,000 individuals are hospitalized with dengue haemorrhagic fever, mainly in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas. Illness is produced by any of the four dengue virus serotypes. A global strategy aimed at increasing the capacity for surveillance and outbreak response, changing behaviours and reducing the disease burden using integrated vector management in conjunction with early and accurate diagnosis has been advocated. Antiviral drugs and vaccines that are currently under development could also make an important contribution to dengue control in the future. C1 [Kroeger, Axel; Peeling, Rosanna W.] WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank,WHO Special Programme Res & Training T, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Guzman, Maria G.; Martinez, Eric; Luis Pelegrino, Jose] Inst Trop Med, Marianao 13, Ciucad Habana, Cuba. [Halstead, Scott B.] Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Seoul 151600, South Korea. [Artsob, Harvey] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Buchy, Philippe] Inst Pasteur Cambodia, Unit 5, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Jeremy Farrar; Cameron Simmons] Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Hosp Trop Dis, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Gubler, Duane J.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore. [Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Margolis, Harold S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Nathan, Michael B.] WHO, Dept Neglected Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Yoksan, Sutee] Mahidol Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Dev, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Salaya 73170, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP Peeling, RW (reprint author), WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank,WHO Special Programme Res & Training T, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM Rosanna.Peeling@lshtm.ac.uk RI Pelegrino Martinez de la Cotera, Jose Luis/F-9040-2016; OI Kroeger, Axel/0000-0001-8438-2904; Pelegrino Martinez de la Cotera, Jose Luis/0000-0003-0833-653X; Farrar, Jeremy/0000-0002-2700-623X FU Wellcome Trust [084368] NR 139 TC 606 Z9 630 U1 17 U2 203 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 EI 1740-1534 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 SU S BP S7 EP S16 DI 10.1038/nrmicro2460 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 687BM UT WOS:000284748800003 PM 21079655 ER PT J AU Peeling, RW Artsob, H Pelegrino, JL Buchy, P Cardoso, MJ Devi, S Enria, DA Jeremy, F Gubler, DJ Guzman, MC Halstead, SB Hunsperger, E Kliks, S Margolis, HS Nathanson, CM Vinh, CN Rizzo, N Vazquez, S Yoksan, S AF Peeling, Rosanna W. Artsob, Harvey Luis Pelegrino, Jose Buchy, Philippe Cardoso, Mary J. Devi, Shamala Enria, Delia A. Jeremy Farrar Gubler, Duane J. Guzman, Maria C. Halstead, Scott B. Hunsperger, Elizabeth Kliks, Susie Margolis, Harold S. Nathanson, Carl M. Vinh Chau Nguyen Rizzo, Nidia Vazquez, Susana Yoksan, Sutee TI Evaluation of diagnostic tests: dengue SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSAY; CHALLENGES; INFECTIONS; VIRUSES C1 [Peeling, Rosanna W.; Nathanson, Carl M.] WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank,WHO Special Programme Res & Training T, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Peeling, Rosanna W.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Artsob, Harvey] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Luis Pelegrino, Jose; Guzman, Maria C.; Vazquez, Susana] Inst Med Trop Pedro Kouri, Marianao 13, Ciucad Habana, Cuba. [Buchy, Philippe] Inst Pasteur Cambodia, Unit 5, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Cardoso, Mary J.] Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Inst Hlth & Community Med, Kota Samaharan, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Devi, Shamala] Univ Malaya, Dept Med Microbiol, Fac Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Enria, Delia A.] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, RA-2700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jeremy Farrar] Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Gubler, Duane J.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore. [Halstead, Scott B.] Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Seoul 151600, South Korea. [Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Margolis, Harold S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Kliks, Susie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Vinh Chau Nguyen] Cho Ouan Hosp, Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Rizzo, Nidia] Univ Valle Guatemala, CDC Reg Off Cent Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Rizzo, Nidia] Univ Valle Guatemala, Panama Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Yoksan, Sutee] Mahidol Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Dev, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Salaya 73170, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP Peeling, RW (reprint author), WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank,WHO Special Programme Res & Training T, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM Rosanna.Peeling@lshtm.ac.uk RI K.C SEKARAN, SHAMALA DEVI/B-9735-2010; OI K.C SEKARAN, SHAMALA DEVI/0000-0002-0478-0425; Farrar, Jeremy/0000-0002-2700-623X NR 18 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 5 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 EI 1740-1534 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 SU S BP S30 EP S37 DI 10.1038/nrmicro2459 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 687BM UT WOS:000284748800005 PM 21548185 ER PT J AU Akins, PT Belko, J Uyeki, TM Axelrod, Y Lee, KK Silverthorn, J AF Akins, Paul Taylor Belko, John Uyeki, Timothy M. Axelrod, Yekaterina Lee, Kenneth K. Silverthorn, James TI H1N1 Encephalitis with Malignant Edema and Review of Neurologic Complications from Influenza SO NEUROCRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Encephalitis; Influenza; Encephalitis lethargica; Von Economo's Encephalopathy; Swine flu; H1n1 influenza; Influenza A ID ACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VIRUS-INFECTION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; A H1N1; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CEREBELLAR-ATAXIA; REVERSIBLE LESION; SPLENIAL LESION AB Influenza virus infection of the respiratory tract is associated with a range of neurologic complications. The emergence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has been linked to neurological complications, including encephalopathy and encephalitis. Case report and literature review. We reviewed case management of a 20-year old Hispanic male who developed febrile upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms followed by a confusional state. He had rapid neurologic decline and his clinical course was complicated by refractory seizures and malignant brain edema. He was managed with oseltamavir and peramavir, corticosteroids, intravenous gamma globulin treatment, anticonvulsants, intracranial pressure management with external ventricular drain placement, hyperosmolar therapy, sedation, and mechanical ventilation. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasal secretions confirmed 2009 H1N1 virus infection; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was negative for 2009 H1N1 viral RNA. Follow-up imaging demonstrated improvement in brain edema but restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia. We provide a review of the clinical spectrum of neurologic complications of seasonal influenza and 2009 H1N1, and current approaches towards managing these complications. 2009 H1N1-associated acute encephalitis and encephalopathy appear to be variable in severity, including a subset of patients with a malignant clinical course complicated by high morbidity and mortality. Since the H1N1 influenza virus has not been detected in the CSF or brain tissue in patients with this diagnosis, the emerging view is that the host immune response plays a key role in pathogenesis. C1 [Akins, Paul Taylor; Axelrod, Yekaterina; Silverthorn, James] Kaiser Sacramento Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Permanente Med Grp, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Belko, John; Lee, Kenneth K.] Kaiser Sacramento Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Permanente Med Grp, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Akins, PT (reprint author), Kaiser Sacramento Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Permanente Med Grp, 2025 Morse Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM akins@surewest.net NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1541-6933 J9 NEUROCRIT CARE JI Neurocrit. Care PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s12028-010-9436-0 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 685UO UT WOS:000284653800018 PM 20811962 ER PT J AU Ahijevych, K Garrett, BE AF Ahijevych, Karen Garrett, Bridgette E. TI The Role of Menthol in Cigarettes as a Reinforcer of Smoking Behavior SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN SMOKERS; 1ST CIGARETTE; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; INDUSTRY RESEARCH; COTININE LEVELS; CESSATION; TIME; ADOLESCENTS; ADDITIVES; HEALTH AB The World Health Organization has identified several additives such as menthol in the manufacturing of cigarettes to specifically reduce smoke harshness. These additives may have important implications for reinforcing smoking behavior and motivation to quit smoking. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize research related to the role of menthol's sensory characteristics in strengthening the reinforcing effects of nicotine in cigarettes and the impact on nicotine addiction and smoking behavior. Research reports from 2002 to 2010 on the addictive potential of menthol cigarettes were reviewed that included qualitative focus groups, self-reports and biomarkers of nicotine dependence, human laboratory, and epidemiological studies. Positive sensory effects of menthol cigarette use were identified via reports of early smoking experiences and as a potential starter product for smoking uptake in youth. Menthol cigarettes may serve as a conditioned stimulus that reinforces the rewarding effects of smoking. Nicotine dependence measured by shorter time-to-first cigarette upon waking was increased with menthol cigarette use in most of the studies reviewed. Smoking quit rates provide additional indicators of nicotine dependence, and the majority of the studies reviewed provided evidence of lower quit rates or higher relapse rates among menthol cigarette smokers. The effects of menthol cigarette use in increasing the reinforcing effects of nicotine on smoking behavior were evidenced in both qualitative and quantitative empirical studies. These findings have implications for enhanced prevention and cessation efforts in menthol smokers. C1 [Ahijevych, Karen] Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Garrett, Bridgette E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahijevych, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ahijevych.1@osu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025755] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 SU 2 BP S110 EP S116 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntq203 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701SM UT WOS:000285843600005 PM 21177367 ER PT J AU Davis, SP McClave-Regan, AK Rock, VJ Kruger, J Garrett, BE AF Davis, Shane P. McClave-Regan, Annette K. Rock, Valerie J. Kruger, Judy Garrett, Bridgette E. TI Perceptions of Menthol Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults and Adult Smokers: Findings From the 2009 HealthStyles Survey SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RISK PERCEPTIONS; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; MESSAGES; DISEASE; BLACKS; LIGHT AB Perceptions of menthol cigarette use may have implications for smoking initiation and cessation. This study explores harm and health perceptions of menthol cigarette use among a national sample of U.S. adults and current smokers. We examined data from the 2009 HealthStyles survey (n = 4,556), an annual mail survey of adults >= 18 years of age that collects information on attitudes and behaviors, including smoking. Frequencies and weighted percentages were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, age, education level, household income, and smoking status. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were used to compare perceptions of menthol cigarette use between demographic groups. Close to half of adults (45.8%) believed that menthol cigarettes are just as harmful as nonmenthol cigarettes, and 40.9% of adults did not know whether menthol cigarettes are more or less harmful than nonmenthol cigarettes. Few adults (0.6%), including smokers, perceived menthol cigarettes to be less harmful than nonmenthol cigarettes. Blacks (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.80-5.76) were more likely to believe that menthol cigarettes have health benefits when compared with Whites. Almost half of current smokers believed menthol cigarettes are equally addictive as nonmenthol cigarettes and 74.9% believed menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes are equally hard to quit. Findings suggest directions for targeted public health messages for menthol cigarette use. Future research is needed among a nationally representative sample to capture more subtle differences in perceptions among menthol and nonmenthol smokers. C1 [Davis, Shane P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Davis, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spdavis@cdc.gov OI Regan, Annette/0000-0002-3879-6193 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 SU 2 BP S125 EP S135 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntq205 PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701SM UT WOS:000285843600007 PM 21177369 ER PT J AU Rock, VJ Davis, SP Thorne, SL Asman, KJ Caraballo, RS AF Rock, Valerie J. Davis, Shane P. Thorne, Stacy L. Asman, Kat J. Caraballo, Ralph S. TI Menthol Cigarette Use Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2004-2008 SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION; BRAND PREFERENCE; YOUNG-ADULTS; LUNG-CANCER; SMOKERS; RISK; COMMIT AB Understanding the patterns of menthol cigarette use can be useful in developing and justifying polices designed to prevent and reduce cigarette use and exposure to tobacco smoke. This report provides an update and summary of the demographic distribution and trends of menthol cigarette use in the United States. Data from the 2004-2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed to estimate menthol cigarette use among current smokers by race/ethnicity, sex, and age (12 years and older). A t-test was used to compare estimates for menthol and nonmenthol use by demographic group. Trend analyses were conducted to examine differences in menthol cigarette use by race/ethnicity and age from 2004 to 2008. Over half of menthol cigarette smokers were female (52.2%), and approximately 29.4% of all menthol smokers were Black, which was almost 10 times the percentage of nonmenthol smokers who were Black (3.0%, p < .01). Prevalence of past month menthol cigarette use was highest among current smokers aged 12-17 years (44.7%) and decreased as age group increased. From 2004 to 2008, menthol cigarette use increased significantly among White smokers aged 12-17 years (from 40.3% in 2004 to 46.0% in 2008, p < .01). Menthol cigarette use among young adult smokers aged 18-25 years increased for Hispanics (from 33.9% in 2004 to 42.4% in 2008, p < .01) and Whites (from 26.7% to 32.5%, p < .01). Demographic disparities in menthol cigarette use persist in the United States. Continued monitoring and improvement of existing surveillance systems to identify patterns and trends in menthol cigarette use are needed. C1 [Rock, Valerie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Asman, Kat J.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rock, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vrock@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 12 SU 2 BP S117 EP S124 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntq204 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701SM UT WOS:000285843600006 PM 21177368 ER PT J AU Berg, CJ Callaghan, WM Syverson, C Henderson, Z AF Berg, Cynthia J. Callaghan, William M. Syverson, Carla Henderson, Zsakeba TI Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 1998 to 2005 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; DEATHS AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of women dying from pregnancy complications in the United States and to examine the risk factors for and changes in the medical causes of these deaths. METHODS: De-identified copies of death certificates for women who died during or within 1 year of pregnancy and matching birth or fetal death certificates for 1998 through 2005 were received by the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System from the 50 states, New York City, and Washington, DC. Causes of death and factors associated with them were identified, and pregnancy-related mortality ratios (pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births) were calculated. RESULTS: The aggregate pregnancy-related mortality ratio for the 8-year period was 14.5 per 100,000 live births, which is higher than any period in the previous 20 years of the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. African-American women continued to have a three-to four-fold higher risk of pregnancy-related death. The proportion of deaths attributable to hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders declined from previous years, whereas the proportion from medical conditions, particularly cardiovascular, increased. Seven causes of death-hemorrhage, thrombotic pulmonary embolism, infection, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular conditions, and noncardiovascular medical conditions-each contributed 10% to 13% of deaths. CONCLUSION: The reasons for the reported increase in pregnancy-related mortality are unclear; possible factors include an increase in the risk of women dying, changed coding with the International Classification of Diseases, 10(th) Revision, and the addition by states of pregnancy checkboxes to the death certificate. State-based maternal death reviews and maternal quality collaboratives have the potential to identify deaths, review the factors associated with them, and take action on the findings. (Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:1302-9) C1 [Berg, Cynthia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Empowered Global Solut, Englewood, CO USA. RP Berg, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cjb3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 257 Z9 275 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1309 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fdfb11 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 683QT UT WOS:000284491000010 PM 21099595 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Hoover, KW Kent, CK AF Tao, Guoyu Hoover, Karen W. Kent, Charlotte K. TI 2009 Cervical Cytology Guidelines and Chlamydia Testing Among Sexually Active Young Women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OUTPATIENT CLINICS; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVE: An American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletin published in 2009 recommended that cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21 years and women younger than 30 years should be rescreened every 2 years rather than annually. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect that decreased frequency of cervical cancer screening would have on chlamydia screening, which is recommended annually for sexually active women aged 25 years or younger. METHODS: Using an administrative database of medical claims from commercially insured girls and women, we compared annual chlamydia screening rates of sexually active adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 25 years in 2007 among those who underwent cervical cancer screening and those who were not screened for cervical cancer. RESULTS: We identified 701,193 sexually active adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 25 years. Chlamydia screening rates were significantly higher among adolescent girls and young women who underwent cervical cancer screening compared with those who did not: 43.6% compared with 9.5% for adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 20 years and 36.1% compared with 12.2% for women aged 21 to 25 years. Among adolescent girls and young women identified as sexually active in 2007, 90.5% had visits for reproductive health services other than cervical cancer screening that could provide opportunities for chlamydia screening. CONCLUSION: Although the revised American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletin recommending less frequent cervical cancer screening will likely reduce chlamydia screening rates in adolescent girls and young women, health care providers should be aware of other opportunities for chlamydial testing. Options include patient self-collected vaginal swabs and urine specimens collected during visits at which adolescent girls and young women seek other reproductive health or preventive services. (Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:1319-23) C1 [Tao, Guoyu; Hoover, Karen W.; Kent, Charlotte K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1319 EP 1323 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f91442 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 683QT UT WOS:000284491000012 PM 21099597 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Saraiya, M Benard, V Yabroff, KR AF Berkowitz, Zahava Saraiya, Mona Benard, Vicki Yabroff, K. Robin TI Common Abnormal Results of Pap and Human Papillomavirus Cotesting What Physicians Are Recommending for Management SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; CYTOLOGY; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; WOMEN; DNA AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between physician and practice characteristics and adherence to management guidelines to better understand the factors associated with different screening recommendations by primary care physicians. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of 950 primary care physicians familiar with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to assess adherence to management guidelines by analyzing responses to two clinical vignettes of a 35-year-old woman who had Pap and HPV tests results: 1) discordant (normal Pap and positive HPV) or 2) mildly abnormal (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance Pap and negative HPV). Analyses included multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: For the discordant test results, 54.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51-57.6%) of physicians recommended both Pap and HPV testing in 6-12 months, adhering to management guidelines. For the mildly abnormal results, only 12.2% (95% CI 10-14.7%) had a guideline-adherent recommendation of Pap testing in 12 months with no HPV test. In multivariable analyses, no significant difference among physicians' specialties was observed for the discordant results. For the mildly abnormal results, physician specialty was associated with guideline adherence in which obstetrician-gynecologists had the highest percent of adherence (19.8%) compared with family and general practitioners (9.3%) and internists (11%) (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Even for the most common abnormal results, many physicians reported recommendations that did not adhere to current management guidelines. Evidence-based interventions are needed to improve adherence to management guidelines for the newer HPV DNA test. (Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:1332-40) C1 [Berkowitz, Zahava] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zab3@cdc.gov OI Yabroff, K. Robin/0000-0003-0644-5572 FU National Cancer Institute [N02-PC-51308]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Y3-PC-6017-01]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [Y3-PC-5019-01, Y3-PC-5019-02] FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Cancer Institute (contract N02-PC-51308), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (interagency agreement Y3-PC-6017-01), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (interagency agreement Y3-PC-5019-01 and Y3-PC-5019-02). NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1332 EP 1340 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fae4ca PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 683QT UT WOS:000284491000014 PM 21099599 ER PT J AU Jones, GC Crews, JE Danielson, ML AF Jones, Gwyn C. Crews, John E. Danielson, Melissa L. TI Health Risk Profile for Older Adults with Blindness: An Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Framework SO OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blindness; Health behaviors; Health disparities; ICF; Older adults; Visual impairment ID AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; SERIOUS MENTAL-ILLNESS; BEAVER DAM EYE; VISUAL-IMPAIRMENT; LOW-VISION; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; DISABLING CONDITIONS; HEARING IMPAIRMENTS AB Purpose: To develop a health risk profile for adults age 65 years or older with blindness, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as our conceptual framework. Methods: We combined and analyzed data from the 2000-2006 National Health Interview Survey after backcoding questions to the ICF. We compared older adults with blindness (n = 477) and older adults with vision loss but not blindness (n = 6,721) with older adults who reported no vision loss (n = 33,497) for the following outcome measures: demographics, functional limitations (self-care, social participation, and mobility limitations), level of psychological distress, physical health status, selected chronic conditions and health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity). Results: Older adults with blindness were more likely to be poorer, older, and less educated than older adults without vision loss. They were also more likely to have fair to poor health; to have difficulty walking; to experience diabetes, heart problems, and breathing problems; and to be physically inactive, compared with older adults reporting vision loss but not blindness and older adults without vision loss. Conclusion: Older adults with blindness face significant health disparities that can diminish their quality of life without timely, disability-sensitive interventions to address serious psychological distress and physical inactivity. C1 [Jones, Gwyn C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crews, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vis Hlth Initiat, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Danielson, Melissa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Child Dev Studies Team, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, GC (reprint author), 2279 Alnwick Dr, Duluth, GA 30096 USA. EM geeceejay@bellsouth.net OI Danielson, Melissa/0000-0001-9461-0341 NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0928-6586 J9 OPHTHAL EPIDEMIOL JI Ophthalmic Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 BP 400 EP 410 DI 10.3109/09286586.2010.528137 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 682NL UT WOS:000284410200007 PM 21090913 ER PT J AU Terry, AL Paulose-Ram, R Tilert, TJ Johnson, CA Zhang, XZ Lee, PP Saaddine, JB AF Terry, Ana L. Paulose-Ram, Ryne Tilert, Timothy J. Johnson, Chris A. Zhang, Xinzhi Lee, Paul P. Saaddine, Jinan B. TI The Methodology of Visual Field Testing with Frequency Doubling Technology in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006 SO OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FDT; Frequency doubling technology; Glaucoma; Humphrey Matrix; NHANES; Visual field test ID STANDARD AUTOMATED PERIMETRY; GLAUCOMA PATIENTS; EYE; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; THRESHOLD AB Purpose: To describe the frequency doubling technology (FDT) methodology to measure visual field loss in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to evaluate data reliability. Methods: Participants aged 40 years and older were eligible (n = 2,529) for 2 visual field tests per eye performed with the Humphrey Matrix N-30-5 screening test. Visual field loss was determined using a 2-2-1 algorithm requiring 2 complete tests per eye, with at least 2 abnormal field results in each test, and 1 common abnormal field. Results: Response rate was 86.2%. Time constraints were the main reason for no exam (55.6%). Median times were: single test, 37 seconds; entire exam, 9.1 minutes. When defining reliability based on <= 1/3 blind spots, <= 1/3 false positive tests, and technician noted proper fixation, 80.1% of examined adults had 2 reliable tests for both eyes; an additional 13.4% had 2 reliable tests for 1 eye. Increasing age, decreasing visual acuity, and the presence of self-reported glaucoma resulted in decreased examination rates, increased test times, and decreased data reliability. Sensitivity and specificity to detect persons with glaucoma was 54.8% and 91.9%, respectively. Conclusions: FDT is a feasible, fast, and reliable method for visual field loss screening in a population-based U. S. study, with an 86.2% response rate, median exam time similar to 9 minutes, and nearly 95% of examined participants having complete, reliable results in 1 or both eyes. C1 [Paulose-Ram, Ryne] Pfizer Inc, US Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res Primary Care, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Terry, Ana L.; Tilert, Timothy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Johnson, Chris A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Zhang, Xinzhi; Saaddine, Jinan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, Paul P.] Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, US Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res Primary Care, 219 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM Ryne.Paulose-Ram@Pfizer.com OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X FU Welch Allyn; Alcon Research Institute; Allergan; Genentech; Pfizer FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. CAJ received consultant fees from Welch Allyn until 2010. RPR is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock in Pfizer. PPL has received consultant fees/financial support from Alcon Research Institute, Allergan, Genentech, and Pfizer and owns stock in Merck and Pfizer." NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0928-6586 J9 OPHTHAL EPIDEMIOL JI Ophthalmic Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.3109/09286586.2010.528575 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 682NL UT WOS:000284410200008 PM 21090914 ER PT J AU Staat, MA Rice, MA Donauer, S Payne, DC Bresee, JS Mast, TC Curns, AT Cortese, MM Connelly, B McNeal, M Ward, RL Bernstein, DI Parashar, UD Salisbury, S AF Staat, Mary Allen Rice, Marilyn A. Donauer, Stephanie Payne, Daniel C. Bresee, Joseph S. Mast, T. Christopher Curns, Aaron T. Cortese, Margaret M. Connelly, Beverly McNeal, Monica Ward, Richard L. Bernstein, David I. Parashar, Umesh D. Salisbury, Shelia TI Estimating the Rotavirus Hospitalization Disease Burden and Trends, Using Capture-recapture Methods SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acute gastroenteritis; capture-recapture; disease burden; population-based; rotavirus ID UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA HOSPITALIZATIONS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINE; DEATHS; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; PERTUSSIS; ENGLAND AB Background: Rotavirus surveillance is needed to provide estimates of disease burden and to evaluate the effect of vaccination programs. Our objective was to use capture-recapture methods to estimate rotavirus hospitalization rates and to examine trends over time. Methods: Children <3 years of age residing in Hamilton County, Ohio hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis, and laboratory-confirmed rotavirus between 1997 and 2008 were identified through 2 independent surveillance systems: an active system with prospective enrollment of children admitted with acute gastroenteritis and a passive system of children identified by rotavirus testing as part of their usual medical care. Capture-recapture methods compared cases from both systems to estimate the number of missed cases from either system. Using census data for Hamilton County, rates per 10,000 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for rotavirus hospitalizations were estimated. Results: Overall, 486 cases were identified using active surveillance and 244 using passive surveillance, with 127 cases captured by both. Using capture-recapture methods, the overall rate in children <3 years old was 26.9/10,000; CI: 24.1, 30.6. Rates varied by year: highest in 1998 (48.1/10,000; CI: 32.4, 92.2) and lowest in 2008 (3.2/10,000; CI: 2.1, 6.1) after rotavirus vaccine introduction. Among children <5 years old, rates were highest in <3-month-old children (51.8/10,000; CI: 39.4, 75.1) and lowest in older age groups: 24 to 35 months (20.5/10,000; CI: 14.7, 30.3) and 36 to 59 months (4.1/10,000; CI: 2.9, 7.2). Rates from capture-recapture methods and adjusted active system were comparable. Conclusions: Capture-recapture methods were a useful tool to estimate rotavirus disease burden and to monitor trends, especially in the era of rotavirus immunization. C1 [Staat, Mary Allen; Rice, Marilyn A.; Connelly, Beverly; McNeal, Monica; Ward, Richard L.; Bernstein, David I.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Donauer, Stephanie; Salisbury, Shelia] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Payne, Daniel C.; Curns, Aaron T.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bresee, Joseph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mast, T. Christopher] Merck Res Labs, N Wales, PA USA. RP Staat, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM mary.staat@cchmc.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's New Vaccine Surveillance Network [U38/CCU417958, U38/CCU522352]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR6/CCU61798]; National Institutes of Health Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Unit [N01 AI 45252]; Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics; Merck Research Laboratories; Merck Co, Inc; GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. FX Supported by cooperative agreements from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's New Vaccine Surveillance Network Cooperative Agreement U38/CCU417958 and U38/CCU522352, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement UR6/CCU61798, National Institutes of Health Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Unit (Contract N01 AI 45252) and unrestricted grants from Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Inc and GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1087 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fb8f7b PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 683RI UT WOS:000284492500007 PM 21155173 ER PT J AU Boom, JA Tate, JE Sahni, LC Rench, MA Quaye, O Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S Patel, MM Baker, CJ Parashar, UD AF Boom, Julie A. Tate, Jacqueline E. Sahni, Leila C. Rench, Marcia A. Quaye, Osbourne Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica Patel, Manish M. Baker, Carol J. Parashar, Umesh D. TI SUSTAINED PROTECTION FROM PENTAVALENT ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION DURING THE SECOND YEAR OF LIFE AT A LARGE, URBAN UNITED STATES PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine; vaccine effectiveness ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STRAINS; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; REASSORTANT; EFFICACY; DEATHS; SAFETY AB Fecal specimens from children presenting to Texas Children's Hospital with acute gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of rotavirus. Children were grouped according to vaccination status, and pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness was calculated. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was sustained during the first 2 years of the vaccination program. Overall 3-dose effectiveness was 83% to 86%; it was 92% to 93% among children 6 to 11 months of age and 78% to 84% among children >= 12 months of age. C1 [Boom, Julie A.; Sahni, Leila C.; Rench, Marcia A.; Baker, Carol J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Ctr Vaccine Awareness & Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boom, Julie A.; Rench, Marcia A.; Baker, Carol J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boom, Julie A.; Sahni, Leila C.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Immunizat Project, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Quaye, Osbourne; Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica; Patel, Manish M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baker, Carol J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Boom, JA (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Ctr Vaccine Awareness & Res, 6701 Fannin St,CC1540, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jboom@bcm.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by a sole source grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by in-kind contributions from Texas Children's Hospital. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1133 EP 1135 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ed18ab PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 683RI UT WOS:000284492500017 PM 20634776 ER PT J AU Shehab, N Schaefer, MK Kegler, SR Budnitz, DS AF Shehab, Nadine Schaefer, Melissa K. Kegler, Scott R. Budnitz, Daniel S. TI Adverse Events From Cough and Cold Medications After a Market Withdrawal of Products Labeled for Infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adverse events; drug safety; poisoning; medication errors; drug packaging; nasal decongestants; expectorants; antitussive agents; product withdrawals; nonprescription drugs ID OVER-THE-COUNTER; PEDIATRIC COUGH; DOSING ERRORS; DRUG EVENTS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; POISONINGS; EFFICACY; CENTERS; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: A voluntary market withdrawal of orally administered, over-the-counter, infant cough and cold medications (CCMs) was announced in October 2007. The goal of this study was to assess CCM-related adverse events (AEs) among children after the withdrawal. METHODS: Emergency department (ED) visits for CCM-related AEs among children <12 years of age were identified from a nationally representative, stratified, probability sample of 63 US EDs, for the 14 months before and after announcement of withdrawal. RESULTS: After withdrawal, the number and proportion of estimated ED visits for CCM-related AEs involving children <2 years of age were less than one-half of those in the prewithdrawal period (1248 visits [13.3%] vs 2790 visits [28.7%]; difference: -15.4% [95% confidence interval [CI]: -25.9% to -5.0%]), whereas the overall number of estimated ED visits for CCM-related AEs for children <12 years of age remained unchanged (9408 visits [95% CI: 6874-11 941 visits] vs 9727 visits [95% CI: 6649-12 805 visits]). During both periods, two-thirds of estimated ED visits involved unsupervised ingestions (ie, children finding and ingesting medications). CONCLUSIONS: ED visits for CCM-related AEs among children <2 years of age were substantially reduced after withdrawal of over-the-counter infant CCMs. Further reductions likely will require packaging improvements to reduce harm from unsupervised ingestions and continued education about avoiding CCM use for young children. Monitoring of CCM-related harm should continue because recommendations were updated in October 2008 to avoid the use of CCMs for children <4 years of age. Pediatrics 2010;126:1100-1107 C1 [Shehab, Nadine; Schaefer, Melissa K.; Budnitz, Daniel S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kegler, Scott R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-1839 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 688EF UT WOS:000284831900035 PM 21098150 ER PT J AU Martin, ET Kerin, T Christakis, DA Blume, HK Gospe, SM Vinje, J Bowen, MD Gentsch, J Zerr, DM AF Martin, Emily T. Kerin, Tara Christakis, Dimitri A. Blume, Heidi K. Gospe, Sidney M., Jr. Vinje, Jan Bowen, Michael D. Gentsch, Jon Zerr, Danielle M. TI Redefining Outcome of First Seizures by Acute Illness SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE seizures; febrile; rotavirus; norovirus; child; gastroenteritis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AFEBRILE SEIZURES; FEBRILE SEIZURES; ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS; BENIGN CONVULSIONS; CHILDREN; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; NOROVIRUS AB BACKGROUND: Seizures are common in children, but the causes and recurrence risk for children with a nonfebrile first seizure remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: In a prospective longitudinal study of children who presented with a first-time seizure, we investigated the viral etiology of associated infectious illnesses and sought to determine the risk of recurrent seizures stratified by fever and type of illness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children (aged 6 months to 6 years) were enrolled at the time of evaluation for their first seizure and followed monthly for up to 5 years. Seizure and illness data were collected through parent interviews and medical-record reviews. Stool, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid collected within 48 hours of the first seizure were evaluated for viral gastrointestinal pathogens. RESULTS: Of the 117 children enrolled, 78 (67%) had febrile seizures, 34 (29%) had nonfebrile-illness seizures, and 5 (4%) had unprovoked seizures. Children with nonfebrile-illness seizures were more likely than those with febrile seizures to have acute gastroenteritis (47% and 28%, respectively; P = .05). No significant differences in seizure recurrence were found between children with or without a fever at first seizure. Children with acute gastroenteritis at first seizure, regardless of fever, had a lower risk of seizure recurrence compared with children with other acute illnesses (hazard ratio: 0.28; 95% confidence interval: 0.09-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the role of gastrointestinal illness as a distinguishing feature in childhood seizures. Children with this distinct presentation have a low rate of seizure recurrence and few neurologic complications. Pediatrics 2010;126:e1477-e1484 C1 [Christakis, Dimitri A.; Gospe, Sidney M., Jr.; Zerr, Danielle M.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blume, Heidi K.; Gospe, Sidney M., Jr.] Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kerin, Tara; Vinje, Jan; Bowen, Michael D.; Gentsch, Jon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blume, Heidi K.; Gospe, Sidney M., Jr.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Brain Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Christakis, Dimitri A.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Child Hlth Behav & Dev, Seattle, WA USA. [Martin, Emily T.; Zerr, Danielle M.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Clin & Translat Res, Seattle, WA USA. RP Zerr, DM (reprint author), 4800 Sand Point Way NE,M-S R5441, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI Gospe, Sidney/G-6080-2010; OI Gospe Jr, Sidney/0000-0002-0099-109X; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health [UL1RR025014]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).; This research was funded in part by an anonymous donor to Children's Hospital and by grant UL1RR025014 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 126 IS 6 BP E1477 EP E1484 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-1138 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 688EF UT WOS:000284831900008 PM 21098153 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Read, D Avila, RM Bethell, CD AF Blumberg, Stephen J. Read, Debra Avila, Rosa M. Bethell, Christina D. TI Hispanic Children With Special Health Care Needs From Spanish-Language Households SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children with special health care needs; language; ethnicity ID MEDICATION USE; DENTAL-HEALTH; US CHILDREN; SERVICES; ACCESS; RACE/ETHNICITY; DISPARITIES; PREVALENCE; DISORDER; PARENTS AB OBJECTIVES: We examined the specific health care needs of Hispanic children with special health care needs (CSHCN) from Spanish-language households, and we compared the needs for children in this group to those for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white CSHCN from English-language households. METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of parent-reported health care needs, health conditions, and functional characteristics by using data from the 2001 and 2005-2006 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. We used bivariate and multivariate methods to describe the relationship between ethnicity, language, and the demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of CSHCN. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2005-2006, the prevalence of special health care needs increased significantly among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children from English-language households but not among Hispanic children from Spanish-language households. In 20052006, Hispanic children from Spanish-language households were only one-third as likely as other children to be identified as CSHCN. Relative to both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white CSHCN from English-language households, Hispanic CSHCN from Spanish-language households had a higher prevalence of several developmentally related conditions and of functional difficulties related to gross and fine motor coordination, self-care, speech, and communication but had a lower prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Lower use of prescription medications was significantly associated with Hispanic ethnicity (regardless of household language) even after we controlled for demographic and socioeconomic differences. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic CSHCN from Spanish-language households are distinct from other CSHCN, and stratifying the Hispanic population by using primary household language can reveal important differences in the health and functioning characteristics of Hispanic CSHCN. Pediatrics 2010; 126: S120-S128 C1 [Blumberg, Stephen J.; Avila, Rosa M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Read, Debra; Bethell, Christina D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PO 300614801-01] FX Participation in this study by Ms Read and Dr Bethell was supported in part through a professional services contract to the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PO 300614801-01). NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 126 SU S BP S120 EP S128 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-1466E PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 734IV UT WOS:000288328700003 PM 21123474 ER PT J AU Habel, MA Dittus, PJ De Rosa, CJ Chung, EQ Kerndt, PR AF Habel, Melissa A. Dittus, Patricia J. De Rosa, Christine J. Chung, Emily Q. Kerndt, Peter R. TI Daily Participation in Sports and Students' Sexual Activity SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK-TAKING BEHAVIORS; EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES; ATHLETIC PARTICIPATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ORAL SEX; ADOLESCENTS; INTERCOURSE; INFECTIONS; HEALTH; PREVALENCE AB CONTEXT: Previous studies suggest that student athletes may be less likely than nonathletes to engage in sexual behavior. However, few have explored sexual risk behavior among athletes in early adolescence. METHODS: In 2005, a sample of 10,487 students in 26 Los Angeles public middle and high schools completed a self-administered survey that asked about their demographic characteristics, sports participation, sexual behaviors and expectations, and parental relationships. Chi-square analyses compared reported levels of daily participation in sports, experience with intercourse, experience with oral sex and condom use at last intercourse by selected characteristics. Predictors of sexual experience and condom use were assessed in multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: One-third of students reported daily participation in sports. This group had higher odds of ever having had intercourse and ever having had oral sex than their peers who did not play a sport daily (odds ratios, 1.2 and 1.1, respectively). The increases in risk were greater for middle school sports participants than for their high school counterparts (1.5 and 1.6, respectively). Among sexually experienced students, daily sports participants also had elevated odds of reporting condom use at last intercourse (1.4). CONCLUSIONS: Students as young as middle school age who participate in sports daily may have an elevated risk for STDs and pregnancy. Health professionals should counsel middle school athletes about sexual risk reduction, given that young students may find it particularly difficult to obtain contraceptives, STD testing and prevention counseling. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2010, 42(4):244-250, doi: 10.1363/4224410 C1 [Habel, Melissa A.; Dittus, Patricia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [De Rosa, Christine J.; Chung, Emily Q.; Kerndt, Peter R.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Habel, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhabel@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U30/CCU922283-01] NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1363/4224410 PG 7 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 689AB UT WOS:000284898300003 PM 21126300 ER PT J AU Carter, M Henry-Moss, D Hock-Long, L Bergdall, A Andes, K AF Carter, Marion Henry-Moss, Dare Hock-Long, Linda Bergdall, Anna Andes, Karen TI Heterosexual Anal Sex Experiences Among Puerto Rican and Black Young Adults SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; INTERCOURSE; INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; COUPLES; WOMEN AB CONTEXT: Heterosexual anal sex is not uncommon in the United States, and it poses risk for STDs. However, who engages in it and why are not well understood, particularly among young adults. METHODS: In 2006-2008, data on sexual health-related topics were collected in surveys (483 respondents) and qualitative interviews (70 participants) with black and Puerto Rican 18-25-year-olds in Hartford and Philadelphia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of survey data assessed predictors of anal sex with the most recent serious heterosexual partner. Interview transcripts were analyzed for anal sex experiences and reasons for and against engaging in this behavior. RESULTS: Some 34% of survey respondents had had anal sex; this behavior was more common with serious partners than with casual partners (22% vs. 8%). Black respondents were less likely than Puerto Ricans to report anal sex (odds ratio, 0.3); women were more likely to do so than were men (2.9). In the qualitative cohort, perceptions of anal sex as painful and unappealing were the predominant reasons for not having anal sex, whereas sexual pleasure and, in serious relationships, intimacy were the main reasons for engaging in it. Condom use during anal sex was rare and was motivated by STD or hygiene concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Heterosexual anal sex is not an infrequent behavior and should be considered in a broad sexual health context, not simply as an indicator of STD risk. Health providers should address it openly and, when appropriate, as a positive sexual and emotional experience. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2010, 42(4):267-274, doi: 10.1363/4226710 C1 [Carter, Marion] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Henry-Moss, Dare; Hock-Long, Linda] Family Planning Council SE Penn, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Bergdall, Anna] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Carter, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MCarter1@cdc.gov OI HENRY-MOSS, DARE/0000-0002-4088-0028 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1363/4226710 PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 689AB UT WOS:000284898300006 PM 21126303 ER PT J AU Freifeld, CC Chunara, R Mekaru, SR Chan, EH Kass-Hout, T Iacucci, AA Brownstein, JS AF Freifeld, Clark C. Chunara, Rumi Mekaru, Sumiko R. Chan, Emily H. Kass-Hout, Taha Iacucci, Anahi Ayala Brownstein, John S. TI Participatory Epidemiology: Use of Mobile Phones for Community-Based Health Reporting SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE C1 [Freifeld, Clark C.; Chunara, Rumi; Mekaru, Sumiko R.; Chan, Emily H.; Brownstein, John S.] Harvard Massachusetts Inst Technol, Childrens Hosp, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Informat Program, Boston, MA USA. [Freifeld, Clark C.; Chunara, Rumi; Chan, Emily H.; Brownstein, John S.] Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mekaru, Sumiko R.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Kass-Hout, Taha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Surveillance Program Off, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Iacucci, Anahi Ayala] Internews, Nairobi, Kenya. [Brownstein, John S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Freifeld, CC (reprint author), Harvard Massachusetts Inst Technol, Childrens Hosp, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Informat Program, Boston, MA USA. EM clark.freifeld@childrens.harvard.edu OI Kass-Hout, Taha/0000-0002-0123-5157 FU NLM NIH HHS [G08 LM009776, G08 LM009776-02] NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 12 AR e1000376 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000376 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 697GA UT WOS:000285499600003 PM 21151888 ER PT J AU Waitzfelder, B Gerzoff, RB Karter, AJ Crystal, S Bair, MJ Ettner, SL Brown, AF Subramanian, U Lu, SE Marrero, D Herman, WH Selby, JV Dudley, RA AF Waitzfelder, Beth Gerzoff, Robert B. Karter, Andrew J. Crystal, Stephen Bair, Mathew J. Ettner, Susan L. Brown, Arleen F. Subramanian, Usha Lu, Shou-En Marrero, David Herman, William H. Selby, Joseph V. Dudley, R. Adams TI Correlates of depression among people with diabetes: The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO PRIMARY CARE DIABETES LA English DT Article DE Diabetes; Depression; Socioeconomic status AB Aim: The broad objective of this study was to examine multiple dimensions of depression in a large, diverse population of adults with diabetes. Specific aims were to measure the association of depression with: (1) patient characteristics; (2) outcomes; and (3) diabetes-related quality of care. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed using survey and chart data from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study, including 8790 adults with diabetes, enrolled in 10 managed care health plans in 7 states. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Patient characteristics, outcomes and quality of care were measured using validated survey items and chart data. Results: Nearly 18% of patients had major depression, with prevalence 2-3 times higher among patients with low socioeconomic status. Pain and limited mobility were strongly associated with depression, controlling for other patient characteristics. Depression was associated with slightly worse glycemic control, but not other intermediate clinical outcomes. Depressed patients received slightly fewer recommended diabetes-related processes of care. In a large, diverse cohort of patients with diabetes, depression was most prevalent among patients with low socioeconomic status and those with pain, and was associated with slightly worse glycemic control and quality of care. (C) 2010 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Waitzfelder, Beth] Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gerzoff, Robert B.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Karter, Andrew J.; Selby, Joseph V.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Crystal, Stephen] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Hlth Hlth Care Policy & Aging Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Bair, Mathew J.] Univ Sch Med, Roudebush Vet Affairs Ctr Implementing Evidence B, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Ettner, Susan L.; Brown, Arleen F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ettner, Susan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Subramanian, Usha] Roudebush Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Lu, Shou-En] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Marrero, David] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Herman, William H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dudley, R. Adams] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Dudley, R. Adams] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Waitzfelder, B (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res Hawaii, 501 Alakawa St,Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM beth.e.waitzfelder@kp.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Diabetes Translation) [04005]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases FX This study was jointly funded by Program Announcement number 04005 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Diabetes Translation) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1751-9918 J9 PRIM CARE DIABETES JI Prim. Care Diabetes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.pcd.2010.07.002 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Primary Health Care SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; General & Internal Medicine GA V23FV UT WOS:000208329600003 PM 20832375 ER PT J AU Wiesner, M Chen, V Windle, M Elliott, MN Grunbaum, JA Kanouse, DE Schuster, MA AF Wiesner, Margit Chen, Vincent Windle, Michael Elliott, Marc N. Grunbaum, Jo Anne Kanouse, David E. Schuster, Mark A. TI Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 in Women: A MACS Approach to Testing for Invariance Across Racial/Ethnic Groups SO PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE BSI-18; mean and covariance structures analysis; race/ethnicity; distress; adults ID NONSPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; EXTREME RESPONSE STYLE; OF-FIT INDEXES; SAMPLE-SIZE; HEALTH; ITEM; COVARIANCE; POWER; EQUIVALENCE AB This study used data from 3 sites to examine the invariance and psychometric characteristics of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 across Black, Hispanic, and White mothers of 5th graders (N = 4,711; M = 38.07 years of age, SD = 7.16). Internal consistencies were satisfactory for all subscale scores of the instrument regardless of ethnic group membership. Mean and covariance structures analysis indicated that the hypothesized 3-factor structure of the instrument was not robust across ethnic groups. It provided a reasonable approximation to the data for Black and White women but not for Hispanic women. Tests for differential item functioning (DIF) were therefore conducted for only Black and White women. Analyses revealed no more than trivial instances of nonuniform DIF but more substantial evidence of uniform DIF for 3 of the 18 items. After having established partial strong factorial invariance of the instrument, latent factor means were found to be significantly higher for Black than for White women on all 3 subscales (somatization, depression, anxiety). In conclusion, the instrument may be used for mean comparisons between Black and White women. C1 [Wiesner, Margit] Univ Houston, Dept Educ Psychol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chen, Vincent] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Chen, Vincent] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Biostat, Houston, TX USA. [Windle, Michael] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Elliott, Marc N.; Kanouse, David E.] RAND Corp, RAND Hlth, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wiesner, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Educ Psychol, 491 Farish Hall, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM mfwiesner@uh.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000046, U48 DP000056, U48 DP000057, U48DP000046, U48DP000056, U48DP000057]; NIDA NIH HHS [R24 DA019798] NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1040-3590 J9 PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT JI Psychol. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1037/a0020704 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 693NR UT WOS:000285231300018 PM 21133550 ER PT J AU Richter, PA Li, AP Polzin, G Roy, SK AF Richter, Patricia A. Li, Albert P. Polzin, Gregory Roy, Shambhu K. TI Cytotoxicity of eight cigarette smoke condensates in three test systems: Comparisons between assays and condensates SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cigarette smoke condensate; Cytotoxicity; Cell growth; Human lung cells ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IN-VITRO; MAINSTREAM SMOKE; TOBACCO-SMOKE; CELL-DEATH; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; WHOLE SMOKE; GAS-PHASE AB Cytotoxic properties of tobacco smoke are associated with chronic tobacco-related diseases. The cytotoxicity of tobacco smoke can be tested with short-term predictive assays. In this study, we compare eight mainstream cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) from commercial and experimental cigarettes in three different cytotoxicity assays with unique and overlapping endpoints. The CSCs demonstrated cytotoxicity in all assays. In the multiple cytotoxicity endpoint (MCE) assay with TK-6 cells, the cigarette varieties that had the highest EC50s for reduced cell growth also showed a positive dose-response relationship for necrotic cells. In the IdMOC multiple cell-type co-culture (MCTCC) system, all CSCs reduced the viability of the cells. Low concentrations of some CSCs had a stimulatory effect in lung microvascular endothelial cells and small airway epithelial cells. In the neutral dye assay (NDA), except for a 100% flue-cured tobacco CSC, there was little consistency between CSCs producing morphological evidence of moderate or greater toxicity and the CSCs with the lowest EC50s in the MCE or MCTCC assays. Overall, cigarettes made with flue-cured tobacco were the most cytotoxic across the assays. When results were expressed on a per-mg of nicotine basis, lower tar cigarettes were the most cytotoxic in primary human respiratory cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richter, Patricia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Li, Albert P.] SITEK Res Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polzin, Gregory] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Roy, Shambhu K.] Covance Labs Inc, Genet & Mol Toxicol, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM prichter@cdc.gov OI Li, Albert/0000-0001-5772-6265 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX Dr. David Holiday with the Chronic and Infectious Disease Research Program of RTI International provided guidance in statistical aspects of this manuscript. Dr. David DeMarini with the Environmental Carcinogenesis Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency provided valuable input during the preparation of the manuscript. The study was supported by internal funds of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of trade names is for informational purposes only and in no way implies endorsement by the US Government, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.009 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 693GY UT WOS:000285213800008 PM 20719243 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Ehrlich, S Toth, TL Wright, DL Calafat, AM Trisini, AT Ye, XY Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Ehrlich, Shelley Toth, Thomas L. Wright, Diane L. Calafat, Antonia M. Trisini, Ana T. Ye, Xiaoyun Hauser, Russ TI Semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary bisphenol A among men from an infertility clinic SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Endocrine disruption; Environment; Epidemiology; Estrogenic; Exposure; Fertility; Male; Reproduction ID MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; COMET ASSAY; MOUSE; SPERMATOGENESIS; METABOLITES; PARAMETERS; STRESS; CELLS; RATS AB Bisphenol A (BPA) impairs spermatogenesis in animals but human studies are lacking We measured urinary BPA concentrations semen quality and sperm DNA damage (comet assay) in 190 men recruited through an infertility clinic BPA was detected in 89% of samples with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) concentration of 1 3 (0 8-2 5) ng/mL Urinary BPA concentration was associated with slightly elevated though not statistically significant odds for below reference sperm concentration motility and morphology When modeled as continuous dependent variables an IQR increase in urinary BPA concentration was associated with declines in sperm concentration motility and morphology of 23% (95%CI -40% -0 3%) 7 5% (-17% +1 5%) and 13% (-26% -0 1%) respectively along with a 10% (0 03% 19%) increase in sperm DNA damage measured as the percentage of DNA in comet tail In conclusion urinary BPA may be associated with declined semen quality and increased sperm DNA damage but confirmatory studies are needed (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Meeker, John D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ehrlich, Shelley; Trisini, Ana T.; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Toth, Thomas L.; Wright, Diane L.; Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Ehrlich , Shelley/L-6991-2015; OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) [ES009718, ES00002] FX Work supported by grants ES009718 and ES00002 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) The authors gratefully acknowledge Amber Bishop Tao Jia and Jack Reidy (CDC Atlanta GA) for measuring the urinary concentrations of BPA NR 34 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.07.005 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 690VI UT WOS:000285036300004 PM 20656017 ER PT J AU Datta, S Bandyopadhyay, D Satten, GA AF Datta, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar Satten, Glen A. TI Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted U-statistics for Right-Censored Data with an Application to Testing Hypotheses SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE doubly robust; inverse probability of censoring weighted; Kaplan-Meier; Kendall's tau; right-censoring; U-statistics ID KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATOR; KENDALL TAU; STRONG LAW; CONCORDANCE; TIMES AB A right-censored version of a U-statistic with a kernel of degree m >= 1 is introduced by the principle of a mean preserving reweighting scheme which is also applicable when the dependence between failure times and the censoring variable is explainable through observable covariates. Its asymptotic normality and an expression of its standard error are obtained through a martingale argument. We study the performances of our U-statistic by simulation and compare them with theoretical results. A doubly robust version of this reweighted U-statistic is also introduced to gain efficiency under correct models while preserving consistency in the face of model mis-specifications. Using a Kendall's kernel, we obtain a test statistic for testing homogeneity of failure times for multiple failure causes in a multiple decrement model. The performance of the proposed test is studied through simulations. Its usefulness is also illustrated by applying it to a real data set on graft-versus-host-disease. C1 [Datta, Somnath] Univ Louisville, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC USA. [Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM somnath.datta@louisville.edu OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU United States National Science Foundation; University of Georgia Graduate School FX The first author's research was supported in part by a grant from the United States National Science Foundation. Bandyopadhyay acknowledges support of a University of Georgia Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellowship. The authors thank Javier Bolanos-Meade, Georgia B. Vogelsang and Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer for generously providing the BMT data analysed in section 4. The authors thank two anonymous referees and the editors for their constructive suggestions. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6898 J9 SCAND J STAT JI Scand. J. Stat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 680 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9469.2010.00697.x PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 678IJ UT WOS:000284067000009 ER PT J AU DeGue, S DiLillo, D Scalora, M AF DeGue, Sarah DiLillo, David Scalora, Mario TI Are All Perpetrators Alike? Comparing Risk Factors for Sexual Coercion and Aggression SO SEXUAL ABUSE-A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE sexual coercion; sexual aggression; sexual violence; perpetration; sexual offending; verbal; manipulation; nonphysical; rape ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; NATIONAL SAMPLE; ASSAULT PERPETRATION; EXPERIENCES SURVEY; MEN; RAPE; WOMEN; VICTIMIZATION; PERSONALITY; PREDICTORS AB The present study developed and contrasted predictive models of male nonphysical sexual coercion (e.g., verbal pressure or manipulation) and physical sexual aggression (e.g., incapacitation, physical force, or threats) using a sample of 369 incarcerated males to identify shared and unique risk factors for each form of sexual perpetration. Results revealed a set of shared risk characteristics that predisposed individuals to both sexual coercion and aggression (i.e., belief in rape myths, sexual promiscuity, aggressive tendencies, and empathic deficits). In addition, findings indicated that whether the offenders engaged in only sexual coercion or also used more violent sexually aggressive tactics depended on the presence of two sets of traits unique to these forms of perpetration. Specifically, sexual coercers tended to possess traits that facilitated the use of verbal tactics (i.e., ability to manipulate others and to imagine others' emotional reactions). In contrast, sexual aggressors had characteristics that could increase their willingness to "cross the line" and resort to more violent means to obtain sex from an unwilling partner (i.e., hostility toward women, egocentricity, an impulsive disregard for sociolegal proscriptions, and childhood emotional abuse). A model of general sexual perpetration that directly contrasted sexually coercive and aggressive men was also developed, and hostility toward women was identified as the only predictor capable of predicting perpetrator group membership. Together, these findings suggest that although sexual coercers and aggressors share some underlying risk factors, the etiological patterns of these behaviors are distinct and necessitate individual attention by researchers and prevention programs. C1 [DeGue, Sarah; DiLillo, David; Scalora, Mario] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP DeGue, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sdegue@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [F31 MH071081-0A1;] NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1079-0632 J9 SEX ABUSE-J RES TR JI Sex. Abuse-J. Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 402 EP 426 DI 10.1177/1079063210372140 PG 25 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology GA 684FD UT WOS:000284534600004 PM 20693517 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Mickey, T Winscott, M James, H Kenney, K England, B AF Taylor, Melanie M. Mickey, Tom Winscott, Michelle James, Heather Kenney, Kerry England, Bob TI Improving Partner Services by Embedding Disease Intervention Specialists in HIV-Clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on International-Society-for-STD-Research (ISSTDR) CY JUN 29, 2009 CL London, ENGLAND SP Int Soc STD Res (ISSTDR) ID SAN-FRANCISCO; INFECTED PATIENTS; NOTIFICATION; SYPHILIS; OUTCOMES; CONTACT; STD; HEALTH; MEN; SEX AB Background/Objectives: Notifying partners of HIV-infected persons and referring them for testing and treatment is an effective method of disease control and identification of undiagnosed STD and/or HIV. To improve partner elicitation interviews, disease intervention specialists (DIS) were placed in 3 HIV clinics during 2008 and 2009. Methods: We reviewed the Arizona state STD surveillance database for 2007 to identify the providers (outside of the public STD clinics) reporting the highest number of syphilis cases. DIS were placed in the clinics for half a day per week (2 clinics) or on an on-call basis (1 clinic) to deliver penicillin and interview patients. We calculated changes in the number of patients interviewed, days elapsed from specimen collection to treatment (time to treatment), days elapsed from specimen collection to initial DIS contact (time to interview), and number of reported and locatable partners from these 3 clinics before and after the clinic placement of DIS. Results: Before the placement of clinic-based DIS, 219 syphilis cases were diagnosed at the 3 clinics (January 2006 through January 2008). After DIS placement, 115 syphilis cases were diagnosed (February 2008 through September 2009) for a total of 334 cases in this analysis. A greater percent of patients completed a partner elicitation interview during the period of DIS placement (94% after vs. 81% before, P = 0.001). There were increases in the average number of locatable partners (1.1 after vs. 0.6 before, P = 0.004) and an increase in the average number of partners exposed and brought to treatment (CDC Disposition A) or infected and brought to treatment (CDC Disposition C) (0.6 after vs. 0.3 before, P = 0.02), and the time to interview decreased (18 days before vs. 9 days after, P = 0.02). Conclusions/Implications: Placing DIS within community HIV clinics improved partner services. STD and/or HIV programs should consider this method to improve partner notification. C1 [Taylor, Melanie M.; Kenney, Kerry] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Taylor, Melanie M.; Kenney, Kerry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mickey, Tom; Winscott, Michelle; James, Heather] Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, 150 N,18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM MDT7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 12 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e65e8b PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 682DS UT WOS:000284380700006 PM 20693936 ER PT J AU Hoover, KW Butler, M Workowski, K Carpio, F Follansbee, S Gratzer, B Hare, B Johnston, B Theodore, JL Wohlfeiler, M Tao, G Brooks, JT Chorba, T Irwin, K Kent, CK AF Hoover, Karen W. Butler, Mary Workowski, Kimberly Carpio, Felix Follansbee, Stephen Gratzer, Beau Hare, Brad Johnston, Barbara Theodore, John L. Wohlfeiler, Michael Tao, Guoyu Brooks, John T. Chorba, Terence Irwin, Kathleen Kent, Charlotte K. CA Evaluation Grp Adherence STD Hepat TI STD Screening of HIV-Infected MSM in HIV Clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; PRIMARY-CARE GUIDELINES; CD4 CELL COUNTS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MEDICINE ASSOCIATION; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL LOAD; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS AB Background: National guidelines for the care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons recommend asymptomatic routine screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Our objective was to determine whether providers who care for HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) followed these guidelines. Methods: We abstracted medical records to evaluate STD screening at 8 large HIV clinics in 6 US cities. We estimated the number of men who had at least one test for syphilis, chlamydia (urethral and/or rectal), or gonorrhea (urethral, rectal, and/or pharyngeal) in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Urethral testing included nucleic acid amplification tests of both urethral swabs and urine. We also calculated the positivity of syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea among screened men. Results: Medical records were abstracted for 1334 HIV-infected MSM who made 14,659 visits from 2004-2006. The annual screening rate for syphilis ranged from 66.0% to 75.8% during 2004-2006. Rectal chlamydia and rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea annual screening rates ranged from 2.3% to 8.5% despite moderate to high positivity among specimens from asymptomatic patients (3.0%-9.8%) during this period. Annual urethral chlamydia and gonorrhea screening rates were higher than rates for nonurethral sites, but were suboptimal, and ranged from 13.8% to 18.3%. Conclusions: Most asymptomatic HIV-infected MSM were screened for syphilis, indicating good provider adherence to this screening guideline. Low screening rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia, especially at rectal and pharyngeal sites, suggest that substantial barriers exist for complying with these guidelines. The moderate to high prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial and gonococcal infections underscores the importance of screening. A range of clinical quality improvement interventions are needed to increase screening, including increasing the awareness of nucleic acid amplification tests for nonurethral screening. C1 [Hoover, Karen W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Butler, Mary] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. [Workowski, Kimberly] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carpio, Felix] AltaMed HIV Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Follansbee, Stephen] Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA USA. [Gratzer, Beau] Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, HIV STD Prevent, Chicago, IL USA. [Gratzer, Beau] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Community Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Hare, Brad] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Johnston, Barbara; Theodore, John L.] St Vincent Catholic Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Wohlfeiler, Michael] Wohlfeiler Piperato & Associates, Miami, FL USA. RP Hoover, KW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 12 BP 771 EP 776 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e50058 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 682DS UT WOS:000284380700007 PM 20585275 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Leichliter, JS Blanchard, JF AF Aral, Sevgi O. Leichliter, Jami S. Blanchard, James F. TI Overview: the role of emergent properties of complex systems in the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections including HIV infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blanchard, James F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.047373 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900001 ER PT J AU Blanchard, JF Aral, SO AF Blanchard, James F. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Emergent properties and structural patterns in sexually transmitted infection and HIV research SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; HEALTH RESEARCH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; INDIA AB Background Despite remarkable progress in the scientific understanding of the biological characteristics of the pathogens, pathogenesis and immunology, human sexual behaviour and population transmission dynamics, there are still considerable knowledge gaps regarding the heterogeneity and determinants of epidemics of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV. To understand more fully the causes of STI and HIV epidemics it is necessary to reconcile individual and population approaches and bring together sociological and biomedical streams of research. Methods This study examined the implications of approaching the study of STI and HIV epidemics from the perspective that individual and population-level characteristics and interactions result in emergent properties and structural patterns that cannot be easily predicted. In addition to offering examples from the research literature, female sex work is analysed as an example of a complex adaptive system and the implications for STI and HIV epidemics are examined in that context. Results Previous research in this field has provided compelling examples of how the complex interplay of individuals and resulting structural patterns including sexual networks can influence the patterns of emergence and the trajectory of STI and HIV epidemics. Conclusions Approaching the study of STI and HIV epidemics as emergent phenomena arising from complex interactive systems with diverse structural patterns offers a promising avenue for developing a more coherent understanding of these epidemics. It would also promote consilience between sociological, population and biomedical disciplines that could open new vistas for the science of public health. C1 [Blanchard, James F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Ctr Global Publ Hlth, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada. [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanchard, JF (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Ctr Global Publ Hlth, R070 Med Rehab Bldg,771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada. EM james_blanchard@umanitoba.ca NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.046037 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900002 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Leichliter, JS AF Aral, Sevgi O. Leichliter, Jami S. TI Non-monogamy: risk factor for STI transmission and acquisition and determinant of STI spread in populations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GAP; PREVENTION; INFECTION; DYNAMICS AB Background The concept of concurrent partnerships, while theoretically appealing, has been challenged at many levels. However, non-monogamy may be an important risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI). One's own non-monogamy is a risk factor for transmitting STI to others, partners' non-monogamy is a risk factor for acquiring STI and, most importantly, mutual non-monogamy is a population level determinant of increased STI spread. This study describes the levels, distribution and correlates of non-monogamy, partners' non-monogamy and mutual non-monogamy among adult men and women in the USA. Methods Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Cycle 6 were used. NSFG is a national household survey of subjects aged 15-44 years in the USA. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and chi(2) tests were used in the analysis. Results Among sexually active adults, 17.6% of women and 23.0% of men (an estimated 19 million) reported non-monogamy over the past 12 months in 2002. An estimated 11 million Americans (1 in 10) reported partners' non-monogamy and an estimated 8.4 million (7% of women and 10.5% of men) reported mutual non-monogamy. All three types of non-monogamy were reported more frequently by men than women. Younger age, lower education, formerly or never married status, living below the poverty level and having spent time in jail were associated with all three types of non-monogamy in general. Conclusions The three types of non-monogamy may be helpful in tailoring prevention messages and targeting prevention efforts to subgroups most likely to spread infection. C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.044149 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900006 ER PT J AU Canchihuaman, FA Carcamo, CP Garcia, PJ Aral, SO Whittington, WLH Hawes, SE Hughes, JP Holmes, KK AF Canchihuaman, Fredy A. Carcamo, Cesar P. Garcia, Patricia J. Aral, Sevgi O. Whittington, William L. H. Hawes, Stephen E. Hughes, James P. Holmes, King K. TI Non-monogamy and risk of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis among young adults and their cohabiting partners in Peru SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; SEX PARTNERS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; HIV; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB Objectives To determine how patterns of non-monogamy influence prevalences of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals and their cohabitating sex partners. Methods A 2002 survey in 24 Peruvian cities enrolled men and women aged 18-29 years from random household samples. The cohabiting sex partner of each enrolee was also enrolled until approximately 100 couples per city were recruited. Men provided urine and women vaginal swabs or urine for molecular testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis; both genders provided blood for serological testing. Results Among 2099 females and 2052 males providing specimens and behavioural data, 18.2% of males and 2.5% of females reported non-monogamy during the past year. C trachomatis was detected in 121 females (5.8%) and 80 males (4.1%) and T vaginalis in 87 females (4.2%) and 26 males (1.3%). Multivariate analyses showed that C trachomatis infection in females was significantly associated with her male partner's non-monogamy (OR 2.02, CI 1.32 to 3.08) but not significantly with her own non-monogamy; T vaginalis was associated with her own non-monogamy (OR 3.11, CI 1.25 to 7.73) and with her partner's non-monogamy (OR 2.07, CI 1.26 to 3.42). For males, both C trachomatis (OR 2.17, CI 1.29 to 3.69) and T vagina/is (OR 2.49, CI 1.06 to 5.87) were significantly associated only with his own non-monogamy. Conclusions Among cohabiting couples, male non-monogamy was common and was associated with C trachomatis and T vagina/is infection in himself and in his female partner, whereas female non-monogamy was reported infrequently and was significantly associated only with her own T vagina/is infection. Patterns of non-monogamy may guide public health interventions. C1 [Canchihuaman, Fredy A.; Carcamo, Cesar P.; Garcia, Patricia J.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whittington, William L. H.; Hawes, Stephen E.; Hughes, James P.; Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STDs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Canchihuaman, Fredy A.; Hawes, Stephen E.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hughes, James P.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth & Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holmes, KK (reprint author), 325 9th Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM worthy@u.washington.edu FU Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative [059131/Z/99/Z, 078835/Z/05/Z, 078835/Z/05/B]; National Institutes of Health/NIAID STD Cooperative Research Center [AI31448]; University of Washington Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI27757]; NIH Fogarty International Center [D43-TW00007]; Peru ICOHRTA Network for AIDS/TB Research Training [U2-RTW007368, U2-RTW007374] FX This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative (059131/Z/99/Z, 078835/Z/05/Z, 078835/Z/05/B), the National Institutes of Health/NIAID STD Cooperative Research Center (AI31448), the University of Washington Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI27757), the NIH Fogarty International Center AIDS International Training and Research Program (grant D43-TW00007) and by the Peru ICOHRTA Network for AIDS/TB Research Training (grant U2-RTW007368, U2-RTW007374). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.045310 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900007 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Leichliter, JS Aral, SO AF Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Leichliter, Jami S. Aral, Sevgi O. TI The distribution of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis cases across states and counties in the USA, 2007 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PHASE SPECIFIC STRATEGIES; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELIMINATION; INTERVENTION; DETERMINANTS; DISPARITIES; DISEASES; CANADA AB Objectives To examine the distribution of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in the USA through the use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Methods The distribution of three sexually transmitted diseases (STD; chlamydia, gonorrhoea and primary and secondary syphilis) was examined across states and counties in the USA in 2007, based on reported case numbers. Gini coefficients, which can range from 0 (equality in STD rates across geographical units) to 1 (complete inequality such that all STD occur in one geographical unit) were calculated. Results Overall, chlamydia was the most evenly distributed and syphilis was the most concentrated of the three STD examined. The Gini coefficients for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis were 0.121, 0.255 and 0.334, respectively, when examined across states, and 0.319, 0.494 and 0.630, respectively, when examined across counties. Differences in Gini coefficients were observed when the STD distributions were examined by sex, race/ethnicity and age group. Conclusions The use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients can help to assess inequalities in the distribution of STD, to gauge the suitability of geographically targeted interventions, and to help in determining the epidemic phase of STD. Having a better understanding of the disparities in the distribution of STD across states and counties by sex, race/ethnicity and age group might help in understanding why disparities in STD rates exist across different groups and in developing interventions to address these disparities. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Leichliter, Jami S.; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,CDC Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hchesson@cdc.goy NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1136/sti.2009.040873 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900009 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Leichliter, JS Aral, SO AF Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Leichliter, Jami S. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Changes in the state-level distribution of primary and secondary syphilis in the USA, 1985-2007 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEX; MEN; STRATEGIES; DISEASES AB Objectives To examine changes over time in the distribution of primary and secondary syphilis cases across states, using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Methods For each year from 1985 to 2007, the Gini coefficient for the state-level distribution of male and female syphilis cases was calculated. The Gini coefficient can range from 0 (indicating equality in syphilis rates across states) to 1 (indicating complete inequality such that all syphilis cases occur in one state). Results The Gini coefficients for men are notably lower (indicating more equality in the distribution of syphilis across states) in recent years (in which men who have sex with men (MSM) account for most syphilis cases) than in the heterosexual epidemic of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although syphilis rates in men were similar in 1995 and 2007 (6.7 and 6.6 per 100 000, respectively), the Gini coefficient for male syphilis decreased from 0.523 in 1995 to 0.333 in 2007. For syphilis in women, Gini coefficients have not shown the same degree of decline. Conclusions The spread of MSM syphilis cases to urban areas across the nation is likely to be a main cause of the decreased concentration of male syphilis cases across states from 1995 to 2007. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Leichliter, Jami S.; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,CDC Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hchesson@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 SU 3 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1136/sti.2009.040865 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 697TJ UT WOS:000285539900010 ER PT J AU Castro, AR Mody, HC Parab, SY Patel, MT Kikkert, SE Park, MM Ballard, RC AF Castro, A. R. Mody, H. C. Parab, S. Y. Patel, M. T. Kikkert, S. E. Park, M. M. Ballard, R. C. TI An immunofiltration device for the simultaneous detection of non-treponemal and treponemal antibodies in patients with syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID FTA-ABS; PREGNANCY; DIAGNOSIS; PALLIDUM; TANZANIA AB Objective The development of a rapid immunofiltration (flow-through) test for the simultaneous detection of non-treponemal and treponemal antibodies in the serum of patients with syphilis. Methods The assay is rapid, inexpensive, and requires limited expertise in interpreting the results. The test is based on the principle of immunofiltration, with two antigens and control material spotted on the membrane of a through-flow device. A positive test is characterised by the appearance of three red/magenta spots within 2-10 min. Results A total of 376 banked serum samples obtained from the Georgia Public Health Laboratory was examined by the flow-through test, the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination assay (TPPA). The sensitivity and specificity of the non-treponemal spot were 96.5% and 97.7%, respectively, when compared with the RPR test, and the sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal test spot were 97.3% and 99.1% when compared with the TPPA test. In addition, the test yielded equivalent results to those obtained in comparator tests when 104 sera from cases of syphilis of known stage, 49 sera from diseases other than syphilis and 23 sera known to exhibit biological false-positive reactions were tested in parallel. Conclusions These results indicate that the dual treponemal and non-treponemal assay could be used as a screen and confirmatory test for the serological diagnosis of syphilis in remote or resource-poor settings where there is a need to provide counselling and treatment at the initial consultation. C1 [Castro, A. R.; Kikkert, S. E.; Ballard, R. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Castro, A. R.; Mody, H. C.] Inst Med Technol, Surat, India. [Parab, S. Y.; Patel, M. T.] Span Diagnost Ltd, Surat, India. [Park, M. M.] Georgia Dept Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castro, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acastro@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Span Diagnostics FX The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided financial support for this study in the form of allowing the principal investigator to devote time, materials and effort for the development of a non-treponemal antigen suitable for attachment to a solid support. This effort culminated in the filing of a US and international patent application no 1200700496 titled 'Methods, Immunoassays and Devices for Detection of Anti-lipodal Antibodies'. Through a cooperative research and development agreement, Span Diagnostics obtained a licence agreement from CDC to utilise the principles of the invention to develop a working prototype. Span Diagnostics funded the developmental phase of the final commercial product. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 IS 7 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.042937 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 685JG UT WOS:000284624400014 PM 20656720 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Leichliter, JS Blanchard, JF AF Aral, Sevgi O. Leichliter, Jami S. Blanchard, James F. TI Overview: the role of emergent properties of complex systems in the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections including HIV infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blanchard, James F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III1 EP III3 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.047373 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800001 PM 21098053 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Leichliter, JS AF Aral, Sevgi O. Leichliter, Jami S. TI Non-monogamy: risk factor for STI transmission and acquisition and determinant of STI spread in populations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; GAP; INFECTION; DYNAMICS AB Background The concept of concurrent partnerships, while theoretically appealing, has been challenged at many levels. However, non-monogamy may be an important risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI). One's own non-monogamy is a risk factor for transmitting STI to others, partners' non-monogamy is a risk factor for acquiring STI and, most importantly, mutual non-monogamy is a population level determinant of increased STI spread. This study describes the levels, distribution and correlates of non-monogamy, partners' non-monogamy and mutual non-monogamy among adult men and women in the USA. Methods Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Cycle 6 were used. NSFG is a national household survey of subjects aged 15-44 years in the USA. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and c 2 tests were used in the analysis. Results Among sexually active adults, 17.6% of women and 23.0% of men (an estimated 19 million) reported non-monogamy over the past 12 months in 2002. An estimated 11 million Americans (1 in 10) reported partners' non-monogamy and an estimated 8.4 million (7% of women and 10.5% of men) reported mutual non-monogamy. All three types of non-monogamy were reported more frequently by men than women. Younger age, lower education, formerly or never married status, living below the poverty level and having spent time in jail were associated with all three types of non-monogamy in general. Conclusions The three types of non-monogamy may be helpful in tailoring prevention messages and targeting prevention efforts to subgroups most likely to spread infection. C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III29 EP III36 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.044149 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800006 PM 20924047 ER PT J AU Blanchard, JF Aral, SO AF Blanchard, James F. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Emergent properties and structural patterns in sexually transmitted infection and HIV research SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; HEALTH RESEARCH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES AB Background Despite remarkable progress in the scientific understanding of the biological characteristics of the pathogens, pathogenesis and immunology, human sexual behaviour and population transmission dynamics, there are still considerable knowledge gaps regarding the heterogeneity and determinants of epidemics of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV. To understand more fully the causes of STI and HIV epidemics it is necessary to reconcile individual and population approaches and bring together sociological and biomedical streams of research. Methods This study examined the implications of approaching the study of STI and HIV epidemics from the perspective that individual and population-level characteristics and interactions result in emergent properties and structural patterns that cannot be easily predicted. In addition to offering examples from the research literature, female sex work is analysed as an example of a complex adaptive system and the implications for STI and HIV epidemics are examined in that context. Results Previous research in this field has provided compelling examples of how the complex interplay of individuals and resulting structural patterns including sexual networks can influence the patterns of emergence and the trajectory of STI and HIV epidemics. Conclusions Approaching the study of STI and HIV epidemics as emergent phenomena arising from complex interactive systems with diverse structural patterns offers a promising avenue for developing a more coherent understanding of these epidemics. It would also promote consilience between sociological, population and biomedical disciplines that could open new vistas for the science of public health. C1 [Blanchard, James F.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Global Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada. [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanchard, JF (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Ctr Global Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, R070 Med Rehab Bldg,771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada. EM james_blanchard@umanitoba.ca NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III4 EP III9 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.046037 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800002 PM 21098056 ER PT J AU Canchihuaman, FA Carcamo, CP Garcia, PJ Aral, SO Whittington, WLH Hawes, SE Hughes, JP Holmes, KK AF Canchihuaman, Fredy A. Carcamo, Cesar P. Garcia, Patricia J. Aral, Sevgi O. Whittington, William L. H. Hawes, Stephen E. Hughes, James P. Holmes, King K. TI Non-monogamy and risk of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis among young adults and their cohabiting partners in Peru SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; SEX PARTNERS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; HIV; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB Objectives To determine how patterns of non-monogamy influence prevalences of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals and their cohabitating sex partners. Methods A 2002 survey in 24 Peruvian cities enrolled men and women aged 18-29 years from random household samples. The cohabiting sex partner of each enrolee was also enrolled until approximately 100 couples per city were recruited. Men provided urine and women vaginal swabs or urine for molecular testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis; both genders provided blood for serological testing. Results Among 2099 females and 2052 males providing specimens and behavioural data, 18.2% of males and 2.5% of females reported non-monogamy during the past year. C trachomatis was detected in 121 females (5.8%) and 80 males (4.1%) and T vaginalis in 87 females (4.2%) and 26 males (1.3%). Multivariate analyses showed that C trachomatis infection in females was significantly associated with her male partner's non-monogamy (OR 2.02, CI 1.32 to 3.08) but not significantly with her own non-monogamy; T vaginalis was associated with her own non-monogamy (OR 3.11, CI 1.25 to 7.73) and with her partner's non-monogamy (OR 2.07, CI 1.26 to 3.42). For males, both C trachomatis (OR 2.17, CI 1.29 to 3.69) and T vaginalis (OR 2.49, CI 1.06 to 5.87) were significantly associated only with his own non-monogamy. Conclusions Among cohabiting couples, male non-monogamy was common and was associated with C trachomatis and T vaginalis infection in himself and in his female partner, whereas female non-monogamy was reported infrequently and was significantly associated only with her own T vaginalis infection. Patterns of non-monogamy may guide public health interventions. C1 [Canchihuaman, Fredy A.; Carcamo, Cesar P.; Garcia, Patricia J.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whittington, William L. H.; Hawes, Stephen E.; Hughes, James P.; Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STDs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Canchihuaman, Fredy A.; Hawes, Stephen E.; Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hughes, James P.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth & Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holmes, KK (reprint author), 325 Ninth Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM worthy@u.washington.edu FU Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative [059131/Z/99/Z, 078835/Z/05/Z, 078835/Z/05/B]; National Institutes of Health/NIAID STD Cooperative Research Center [AI31448]; University of Washington Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI27757]; NIH [D43-TW00007]; Peru ICOHRTA Network for AIDS/TB Research Training [U2-RTW007368, U2-RTW007374] FX This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative (059131/Z/99/Z, 078835/Z/05/Z, 078835/Z/05/B), the National Institutes of Health/NIAID STD Cooperative Research Center (AI31448), the University of Washington Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI27757), the NIH Fogarty International Center AIDS International Training and Research Program (grant D43-TW00007) and by the Peru ICOHRTA Network for AIDS/TB Research Training (grant U2-RTW007368, U2-RTW007374). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III37 EP III44 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.045310 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800007 PM 21098055 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Leichliter, JS Aral, SO AF Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Leichliter, Jami S. Aral, Sevgi O. TI The distribution of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis cases across states and counties in the USA, 2007 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PHASE SPECIFIC STRATEGIES; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELIMINATION; DISEASES; DISPARITIES; CANADA; HIV; SEX AB Objectives To examine the distribution of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in the USA through the use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Methods The distribution of three sexually transmitted diseases (STD; chlamydia, gonorrhoea and primary and secondary syphilis) was examined across states and counties in the USA in 2007, based on reported case numbers. Gini coefficients, which can range from 0 (equality in STD rates across geographical units) to 1 (complete inequality such that all STD occur in one geographical unit) were calculated. Results Overall, chlamydia was the most evenly distributed and syphilis was the most concentrated of the three STD examined. The Gini coefficients for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis were 0.121, 0.255 and 0.334, respectively, when examined across states, and 0.319, 0.494 and 0.630, respectively, when examined across counties. Differences in Gini coefficients were observed when the STD distributions were examined by sex, race/ethnicity and age group. Conclusions The use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients can help to assess inequalities in the distribution of STD, to gauge the suitability of geographically targeted interventions, and to help in determining the epidemic phase of STD. Having a better understanding of the disparities in the distribution of STD across states and counties by sex, race/ethnicity and age group might help in understanding why disparities in STD rates exist across different groups and in developing interventions to address these disparities. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Leichliter, Jami S.; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hchesson@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III52 EP III57 DI 10.1136/sti.2009.040873 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800009 PM 21098057 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Leichliter, JS Aral, SO AF Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Leichliter, Jami S. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Changes in the state-level distribution of primary and secondary syphilis in the USA, 1985-2007 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEX; PREVENTION; MEN; INFECTIONS; STRATEGIES AB Objectives To examine changes over time in the distribution of primary and secondary syphilis cases across states, using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Methods For each year from 1985 to 2007, the Gini coefficient for the state-level distribution of male and female syphilis cases was calculated. The Gini coefficient can range from 0 (indicating equality in syphilis rates across states) to 1 (indicating complete inequality such that all syphilis cases occur in one state). Results The Gini coefficients for men are notably lower (indicating more equality in the distribution of syphilis across states) in recent years (in which men who have sex with men (MSM) account for most syphilis cases) than in the heterosexual epidemic of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although syphilis rates in men were similar in 1995 and 2007 (6.7 and 6.6 per 100 000, respectively), the Gini coefficient for male syphilis decreased from 0.523 in 1995 to 0.333 in 2007. For syphilis in women, Gini coefficients have not shown the same degree of decline. Conclusions The spread of MSM syphilis cases to urban areas across the nation is likely to be a main cause of the decreased concentration of male syphilis cases across states from 1995 to 2007. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Leichliter, Jami S.; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hchesson@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III58 EP III62 DI 10.1136/sti.2009.040865 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800010 PM 20929854 ER PT J AU Leichliter, JS Chesson, HW Sternberg, M Aral, SO AF Leichliter, Jami S. Chesson, Harrell W. Sternberg, Maya Aral, Sevgi O. TI The concentration of sexual behaviours in the USA: a closer examination of subpopulations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; SAN-FRANCISCO; SYPHILIS; DISEASES; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY AB Objective To examine the frequency of three sexual behaviours from the most active to the least active members of the population in various subpopulations using measures of inequality. Methods Data from a US national probability sample of the population aged 15-44 years (National Survey of Family Growth) were used. Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves were calculated in order to examine the concentration of three sexual behaviours: vaginal sex acts (past 4 weeks) and number of opposite-sex partners (past 12 months; lifetime). Analyses were conducted separately for men and women and subpopulations of interest (by age, race/ethnicity, educational level and poverty level). Results The sexual behaviours examined were concentrated within the most active members of the population. This concentration was most pronounced for vaginal sex acts in the past 4 weeks and lifetime opposite-sex partners, with the top 5% of each population accounting for more of the sexual behaviour than the bottom 50% of the population. Sexual behaviours were most concentrated among adolescents, the least educated and the most impoverished. Some subpopulations had similar mean or median numbers of sex acts (or sex partners), but had different degrees of concentration of these behaviours. Finally, the most impoverished men and women had the highest concentration levels for two of the three sexual behaviours (vaginal sex acts, opposite-sex partners in past 12 months). Conclusion Given that sexual behaviours tended to be highly concentrated in subpopulations that are often at the highest risk of sexually transmitted infections, targeted interventions may be the most efficient method to reduce risk in these groups while minimising potential unintended consequences. C1 [Leichliter, Jami S.; Chesson, Harrell W.; Sternberg, Maya; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leichliter, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jleichliter@cdc.gov FU US Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Population Affairs; National Institute for Child Health and Human Development; Administration for Children and Families; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation FX This study was funded by the following agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Population Affairs, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Administration for Children and Families, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 86 BP III45 EP III51 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.042283 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 683FY UT WOS:000284458800008 PM 20924050 ER PT J AU Fujishiro, K Xu, J Gong, F AF Fujishiro, Kaori Xu, Jun Gong, Fang TI What does "occupation" represent as an indicator of socioeconomic status?: Exploring occupational prestige and health SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE USA; Socioeconomic status; Self-rated health; Job strain; Job satisfaction; Social standing ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; JOB-SATISFACTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED-STATES; WHITEHALL-II; RISK-FACTORS AB The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health has been widely documented. However, the role of occupation in this association is not clear because occupation is less often used than income and education as an indicator of SES, especially in the United States. This may be caused by the ambiguity in what occupation represents: both health-enhancing resources (e.g.. self-affirmation) and health-damaging hazards (e.g., job stress). SES has two aspects: resources and status. While income and education represent resources and imply status, occupational prestige is an explicit indicator of the social status afforded by one's occupation. Using data from the US General Social Survey in 2002 and 2006 (n = 3151), we examine whether occupational prestige has a significant association with self-rated health independent from other SES indicators (income, education), occupational categories (e.g., managerial, professional, technical, service), and previously established work-related health determinants (job strain, work place social support, job satisfaction). After all covariates were included in the multiple logistic regression model, higher occupational prestige was associated with lower odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated health. We discuss potential mechanisms through which occupational prestige may impact health. Our findings not only suggest multiple ways that occupation is associated with health, but also highlight the utility of occupational prestige as an SES indicator that explicitly represents social standing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fujishiro, Kaori] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Xu, Jun; Gong, Fang] Ball State Univ, Dept Sociol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Fujishiro, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kfujishiro@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2100 EP 2107 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.026 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 702RN UT WOS:000285912300008 PM 21041009 ER PT J AU Lakshminarayan, K Tsai, AW Tong, X Vazquez, G Peacock, JM George, MG Luepker, RV Anderson, DC AF Lakshminarayan, Kamakshi Tsai, Albert W. Tong, Xin Vazquez, Gabriela Peacock, James M. George, Mary G. Luepker, Russell V. Anderson, David C. TI Utility of Dysphagia Screening Results in Predicting Poststroke Pneumonia SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE aspiration pneumonia; dysphagia screening; performance measure; quality of care ID ACUTE STROKE; TRIAL AB Background and Purpose-Dysphagia screening before oral intake (DS) is a stroke care quality indicator. The value of DS is unproven. Quality adherence and outcome data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry were examined to establish value of DS. Methods-Adherence to the DS quality indicator was examined in patients with stroke discharged from Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry hospitals between March 1 and December 31, 2009. Patients were classified as unscreened (US), screened and passed (S/P), and screened and failed. Associations between screening status and pneumonia rate were assessed by logistic regression models after adjustment for selected variables. Results-A total of 18 017 patients with stroke discharged from 222 hospitals in 6 states were included. A total of 4509 (25%) were US; 8406 (47%) were S/P, and 5099 (28%) were screened and failed. Compared with US patients, screened patients were significantly more impaired. Pneumonia rates were: US 4.2%, S/P 2.0%, and screened and failed 6.8%. After adjustment for demographic and clinical features, US patients were at a higher risk of pneumonia (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.7) compared with S/P patients. Conclusions-Data suggest that patients are selectively screened based on stroke severity. Pneumonia rate was higher in US patients compared with S/P patients. Clinical judgment regarding who should be screened is imperfect. S/P patients have a lower pneumonia rate indicating that DS adds accuracy in predicting pneumonia risk. The Joint Commission recently retired DS as a performance indicator for Primary Stroke Center certification. These results suggest the need to implement a DS performance measure for patients with acute stroke. (Stroke. 2010;41:2849-2854.) C1 [Lakshminarayan, Kamakshi] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Lakshminarayan, Kamakshi; Vazquez, Gabriela; Anderson, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tsai, Albert W.; Peacock, James M.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Tong, Xin; George, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lakshminarayan, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM laksh004@umn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [K23NS051377]; Minnesota Stroke Registry, FX Supported by National Institutes of Health grant K23NS051377 to K.L. and Minnesota Stroke Registry, part of The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: U58 DP000857, Institutional Review Board 0803E29268. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2849 EP 2854 DI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.597039 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 686GU UT WOS:000284685600028 PM 20947835 ER PT J AU Hutson, CL Damon, IK AF Hutson, Christina L. Damon, Inger K. TI Monkeypox Virus Infections in Small Animal Models for Evaluation of Anti-Poxvirus Agents SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE monkeypox; animal models; therapeutics ID STRAINS; AFRICAN; DISEASE; STAT1; MICE AB An ideal animal model for the study of a human disease is one which utilizes a route of infection that mimics the natural transmission of the pathogen; the ability to obtain disease with an infectious dose equivalent to that causing disease in humans; as well having a disease course, morbidity and mortality similar to that seen with human disease. Additionally, the animal model should have a mode(s) of transmission that mimics human cases. The development of small animal models for the study of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been quite extensive for the relatively short period of time this pathogen has been known, although only a few of these models have been used to study anti-poxvirus agents. We will review those MPXV small animal models that have been developed thus far for the study of therapeutic agents. C1 [Hutson, Christina L.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-G06, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA. EM zuu6@cdc.gov; iad7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 12 BP 2763 EP 2776 DI 10.3390/v2122763 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 700GI UT WOS:000285725600010 PM 21994638 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Salemi, JL Nembhard, WN Fixler, DE Correa, A AF Gilboa, Suzanne M. Salemi, Jason L. Nembhard, Wendy N. Fixler, David E. Correa, Adolfo TI Mortality Resulting From Congenital Heart Disease Among Children and Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2006 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; heart defects; congenital; mortality; race; vital statistics ID PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; INFANT-MORTALITY; 1ST-YEAR SURVIVAL; DEATH STATISTICS; GREAT-ARTERIES; REGISTRY DATA; YOUNG-ADULT; POPULATION AB Background-Previous reports suggest that mortality resulting from congenital heart disease (CHD) among infants and young children has been decreasing. There is little population-based information on CHD mortality trends and patterns among older children and adults. Methods and Results-We used data from death certificates filed in the United States from 1999 to 2006 to calculate annual CHD mortality by age at death, race-ethnicity, and sex. To calculate mortality rates for individuals >= 1 year of age, population counts from the US Census were used in the denominator; for infant mortality, live birth counts were used. From 1999 to 2006, there were 41 494 CHD-related deaths and 27 960 deaths resulting from CHD (age-standardized mortality rates, 1.78 and 1.20 per 100 000, respectively). During this period, mortality resulting from CHD declined 24.1% overall. Mortality resulting from CHD significantly declined among all race-ethnicities studied. However, disparities persisted; overall and among infants, mortality resulting from CHD was consistently higher among non-Hispanic blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites. Infant mortality accounted for 48.1% of all mortality resulting from CHD; among those who survived the first year of life, 76.1% of deaths occurred during adulthood (>= 18 years of age). Conclusions-CHD mortality continued to decline among both children and adults; however, differences between race-ethnicities persisted. A large proportion of CHD-related mortality occurred during infancy, although significant CHD mortality occurred during adulthood, indicating the need for adult CHD specialty management. (Circulation. 2010;122:2254-2263.) C1 [Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Salemi, Jason L.; Nembhard, Wendy N.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL USA. [Fixler, David E.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Div Cardiol, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Gilboa, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgilboa@cdc.gov OI Salemi, Jason/0000-0002-0077-6023 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 48 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 22 BP 2254 EP 2263 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.947002 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 686JD UT WOS:000284691700013 PM 21098447 ER PT J AU Wu, CK Lin, JW Caffrey, JL Chang, MH Hwang, JJ Lin, YS AF Wu, Cho-Kai Lin, Jou-Wei Caffrey, James L. Chang, Man-Huei Hwang, Juey-Jen Lin, Yu-Sheng TI Cystatin C and Long-Term Mortality Among Subjects With Normal Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cystatin C; glomerular filtration rate; nutrition survey; survival analysis ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM CREATININE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY PERSONS; RENAL-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK AB Objectives The objective was to test the association of cystatin C (Cys-C) with long-term mortality risk in the subjects with normal creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). Background Cys-C has been proposed as a sensitive indicator of renal dysfunction that is associated with cardiovascular events. The predictive value of Cys-C for mortality risk (both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular) and its utility among persons with normal kidney function remains unclear. Methods The analysis included 2,990 subjects over 40 years of age with normal eGFR who participated in NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Normal eGFR was defined by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation >= 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Serum Cys-C was categorized as high, medium, or low. In 1 analysis, the high and low groups were the top and bottom 10%, and in the second analysis, they were the upper and lower thirds. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were obtained from the NHANES III-linked follow-up file through December 31, 2006. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied to assess the association of interest. Results Within an average of 13.7 years follow-up, 488 cardiovascular and 719 noncardiovascular deaths occurred. When the first and last deciles were compared, the relative risks were all increased statistically as follows: allcause, 4.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.52 to 7.82); cardiovascular, 7.44 (95% CI: 3.06 to 18.1); cancer, 2.45 (95% CI: 0.85 to 7.04); and noncardiovascular 3.15 (95% CI: 1.53 to 6.49) mortalities. Relative risks all moderated to lower values when the comparisons were expanded to include the upper and lower thirds. Similar associations were still present when Cys-C was modeled on a continuous scale, suggesting a linear relationship between Cys-C and mortality outcomes. Conclusions Serum Cys-C is prognostic of long-term mortality in the subjects with relatively normal renal function, independent of MDRD eGFR and albuminuria. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1930-6) (C) 2010 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation C1 [Lin, Yu-Sheng] Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Wu, Cho-Kai; Lin, Jou-Wei; Hwang, Juey-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Yun Lin Branch, Ctr Cardiovasc, Dou Liou City 640, Yun Lin County, Taiwan. [Wu, Cho-Kai; Lin, Jou-Wei; Hwang, Juey-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Yun Lin Branch, Hlth Management Ctr, Dou Liou City 640, Yun Lin County, Taiwan. [Wu, Cho-Kai; Lin, Jou-Wei; Hwang, Juey-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Integrat Physiol, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Caffrey, James L.] Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Chang, Man-Huei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. EM jouweilin@yahoo.com; Yu-Sheng.Lin@unthsc.edu OI Juey-Jen, HWANG/0000-0001-6437-0455; WU, CHO-KAI/0000-0002-3867-150X FU University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth [G62024]; National Taiwan University Hospital Yun Lin Branch [97.S005, 98.X002] FX Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. This work was supported in part by the G62024 Interdisciplinary Research Grant from the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth and by grants from National Taiwan University Hospital Yun Lin Branch (97.S005 and 98.X002). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors have reported that they have no relationships to disclose. The first two authors contributed equally to this paper. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 56 IS 23 BP 1930 EP 1936 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.069 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 684TI UT WOS:000284571800006 PM 21109116 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Chittaganpitch, M Baggett, HC Peret, TCT Dare, RK Sawatwong, P Thamthitiwat, S Areerat, P Sanasuttipun, W Fischer, J Maloney, SA Erdman, DD Olsen, SJ AF Fry, Alicia M. Chittaganpitch, Malinee Baggett, Henry C. Peret, Teresa C. T. Dare, Ryan K. Sawatwong, Pongpun Thamthitiwat, Somsak Areerat, Peera Sanasuttipun, Wichai Fischer, Julie Maloney, Susan A. Erdman, Dean D. Olsen, Sonja J. TI The Burden of Hospitalized Lower Respiratory Tract Infection due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Rural Thailand SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; SEVERITY; SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK; ILLNESS; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Background: We describe the epidemiology of hospitalized RSV infections for all age groups from population-based surveillance in two rural provinces in Thailand. Methods: From September 1, 2003 through December 31, 2007, we enrolled hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness, who had a chest radiograph ordered by the physician, from all hospitals in SaKaeo and Nakhom Phanom Provinces. We tested nasopharyngeal specimens for RSV with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assays and paired-sera from a subset of patients with IgG enzyme immunoassay. Rates were adjusted for enrollment. Results: Among 11,097 enrolled patients, 987 (8.9%) had RSV infection. Rates of hospitalized RSV infection overall (and radiographically-confirmed pneumonia) were highest among children aged <1 year: 1,067/100,000 (534/100,000 radiographically-confirmed pneumonia) and 1-4 year: 403/100,000 (222/100,000), but low among enrolled adults aged >= 65 years: 42/100,000. Age <1 year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 13.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7, 22.5) and 1-4 year (aOR = 8.3, 95% CI 5.0, 13.9) were independent predictors of hospitalized RSV infection. Conclusions: The incidence of hospitalized RSV lower respiratory tract illness among children <5 years was high in rural Thailand. Efforts to prevent RSV infection could substantially reduce the pneumonia burden in children aged <5 years. C1 [Fry, Alicia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chittaganpitch, Malinee] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Peret, Teresa C. T.; Dare, Ryan K.; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baggett, Henry C.; Sawatwong, Pongpun; Thamthitiwat, Somsak; Areerat, Peera; Sanasuttipun, Wichai; Fischer, Julie; Maloney, Susan A.] Thai MOPH USCDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM agf1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15098 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015098 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 687DK UT WOS:000284755100070 PM 21152047 ER PT J AU Souza, TML Salluh, JIF Bozza, FA Mesquita, M Soares, M Motta, FC Pitrowsky, MT Oliveira, MD Mishin, VP Gubareva, LV Whitney, A Rocco, SA Goncalves, VMC Marques, VP Velasco, E Siqueira, MM AF Souza, Thiago Moreno L. Salluh, Jorge I. F. Bozza, Fernando A. Mesquita, Milene soares, Marcio Motta, Fernando C. Pitrowsky, Melissa Tassano Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Mishin, Vasiliy P. Gubareva, Larissa V. Whitney, Anne Rocco, Sandra Amaral Goncalves, Vania Maria C. Marques, Venceslaine Prado Velasco, Eduardo Siqueira, Marilda M. TI H1N1pdm Influenza Infection in Hospitalized Cancer Patients: Clinical Evolution and Viral Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; A H1N1; VIRUS-INFECTION; OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES; A(H1N1); RESISTANT; TRANSPLANTATION; MANAGEMENT; HOUSEHOLDS AB Background: The novel influenza A pandemic virus (H1N1pdm) caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide in 2009. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical course, duration of viral shedding, H1N1pdm evolution and emergence of antiviral resistance in hospitalized cancer patients with severe H1N1pdm infections during the winter of 2009 in Brazil. Methods: We performed a prospective single-center cohort study in a cancer center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hospitalized patients with cancer and a confirmed diagnosis of influenza A H1N1pdm were evaluated. The main outcome measures in this study were in-hospital mortality, duration of viral shedding, viral persistence and both functional and molecular analyses of H1N1pdm susceptibility to oseltamivir. Results: A total of 44 hospitalized patients with suspected influenza-like illness were screened. A total of 24 had diagnosed H1N1pdm infections. The overall hospital mortality in our cohort was 21%. Thirteen (54%) patients required intensive care. The median age of the studied cohort was 14.5 years (3-69 years). Eighteen (75%) patients had received chemotherapy in the previous month, and 14 were neutropenic at the onset of influenza. A total of 10 patients were evaluated for their duration of viral shedding, and 5 (50%) displayed prolonged viral shedding (median 23, range = 11-63 days); however, this was not associated with the emergence of a resistant H1N1pdm virus. Viral evolution was observed in sequentially collected samples. Conclusions: Prolonged influenza A H1N1pdm shedding was observed in cancer patients. However, oseltamivir resistance was not detected. Taken together, our data suggest that severely ill cancer patients may constitute a pandemic virus reservoir with major implications for viral propagation. C1 [Souza, Thiago Moreno L.; Motta, Fernando C.; Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes; Siqueira, Marilda M.] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Virus Resp & Sarampo, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Salluh, Jorge I. F.; soares, Marcio; Pitrowsky, Melissa Tassano] Hosp Canc I INCA, Intens Care Unit, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Bozza, Fernando A.] Fiocruz MS, Inst Pesquisas Evandro Chagas, Intens Care Unit, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Rocco, Sandra Amaral] Hosp Canc I INCA, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Goncalves, Vania Maria C.; Marques, Venceslaine Prado; Velasco, Eduardo] Hosp Canc I INCA, Infect Control Comm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Goncalves, Vania Maria C.; Marques, Venceslaine Prado; Velasco, Eduardo] Hosp Canc I INCA, Dept Infect Dis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Mishin, Vasiliy P.; Gubareva, Larissa V.; Whitney, Anne] Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Souza, TML (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Virus Resp & Sarampo, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM tmoreno@ioc.fiocruz.br; mmsiq@ioc.fiocruz.br RI souza, thiago/G-2900-2012; Bozza, Fernando/A-2618-2013; Salluh, Jorge/F-6779-2012; Soares, Marcio/B-3083-2013; OI Soares, Marcio/0000-0003-2503-6088; Souza, Thiago/0000-0003-2212-3899 FU Instituto Nacional de Cancer; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz; Brazilian Ministry of Health/Decit; CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPERJ/SESDEC/CNPq [E-26/110.778/2010]; IOC/Fiocruz; Fiocruz FX The work was supported by Instituto Nacional de Cancer (www.inca.gov.br), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz (www.ioc.fiocruz.br) and Brazilian Ministry of Health/Decit (http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/sctie/decit/index.htm). Dr. Soares, Dr. Bozza and Dr. Siqueira were supported in part by individual research grants from CNPq (www.cnpq.br). Dr. Souza used, in part, individual research grants from FAPERJ (www.faperj.br). FAPERJ/SESDEC/CNPq provided the grant #E-26/110.778/2010 (PPSUS-DECIT/SCTIE/MS). Thanks are also due to IOC/Fiocruz for providing MM a PhD fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We are indebted to the Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Fiocruz, FAPERJ and CNPq for their support. The authors thank Marc-Alain Widdowson (CDC/CCID/NCIRD) for critical review of the manuscript. Alicia Fry (CDC Atlanta epidemiology intelligence officer) was also extremely helpful in discussions on virus shedding. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e14158 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014158 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 687DK UT WOS:000284755100036 PM 21152402 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, O Berry, JT McKnight-Eily, LR Strine, T Edwards, VJ Lu, H Croft, JB AF Gonzalez, O. Berry, J. T. McKnight-Eily, L. R. Strine, T. Edwards, V. J. Lu, H. Croft, J. B. TI Current Depression Among Adults-United States, 2006 and 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1229-1235, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Gonzalez, O.; Berry, J. T.] CDC, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Svcs Adm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McKnight-Eily, L. R.; Strine, T.; Edwards, V. J.; Lu, H.; Croft, J. B.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gonzalez, O (reprint author), CDC, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Svcs Adm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 20 BP 2233 EP 2235 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684KI UT WOS:000284548400012 ER PT J AU Smith, A Miles, I Le, B Finlayson, T Oster, A DiNenno, E AF Smith, A. Miles, I. Le, B. Finlayson, T. Oster, A. DiNenno, E. TI Prevalence and Awareness of HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-21 Cities, United States, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1201-1207, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Smith, A.; Miles, I.; Le, B.; Finlayson, T.; Oster, A.; DiNenno, E.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 20 BP 2235 EP 2237 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684KI UT WOS:000284548400013 ER PT J AU Cheng, YJ Hootman, JM Murphy, LB Langmaid, GA Helmick, CG AF Cheng, Y. J. Hootman, J. M. Murphy, L. B. Langmaid, G. A. Helmick, C. G. TI Prevalence of Doctor-Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis-Attributable Activity Limitation-United States, 2007-2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1261-1265, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; OBESITY; ADULTS; UPDATE; HIP C1 [Cheng, Y. J.; Hootman, J. M.; Murphy, L. B.; Langmaid, G. A.; Helmick, C. G.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cheng, YJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 20 BP 2238 EP 2239 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684KI UT WOS:000284548400014 ER PT J AU Burton, AJ Nydam, DV Dearen, TK Mitchell, K Bowman, DD Xiao, L AF Burton, A. J. Nydam, D. V. Dearen, T. K. Mitchell, K. Bowman, D. D. Xiao, L. TI The prevalence of Cryptosporidium, and identification of the Cryptosporidium horse genotype in foals in New York State SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Genotype; Equine; Foal; Molecular epidemiology ID COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; UNITED-KINGDOM; PARVUM; GIARDIA; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; CALVES; SPP.; INFECTIONS; ANIMALS AB To date, little is known about the prevalence, genotypes and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. affecting horses, especially in North America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in New York, USA between February 25th and May 1st 2009. Fecal samples were collected from three hundred and forty nine 1-10-week-old foals and their dams on 14 different broodmare farms. All fecal samples were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. using a direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). DNA extraction and PCR-RFLP analysis of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene were performed on all the foal samples. PCR-positive samples were subtyped by DNA sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. On DFA, 13/175 (7.4%) foal samples and 3/174(1.7%) mare samples were designated positive for Cryptosporidium spp., whereas on SSU rRNA-based PCR, 9/175(5.1%) foal samples were positive. Cryptosporidium PCR-positive foals were significantly older (13-40 days, median age of 28 days) compared with negative foals (4-67 days, median 18 days, p = 0.02). The number of foals with diarrhea or soft feces was not significantly different between positive and negative foals (p = 0.09). PCR-RFLP analysis of the SSU rRNA gene and DNA sequencing of the gp60 gene identified the parasite as subtype VIaA14G2 of the horse genotype. This is the first report of a group of foals affected with the Cryptosporidium horse genotype, which has recently been detected in humans. As other contemporary molecular studies have identified C parvum in foals, it seems that equine cryptosporidiosis should be considered a zoonosis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burton, A. J.; Nydam, D. V.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mitchell, K.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bowman, D. D.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dearen, T. K.; Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Burton, AJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ab446@uga.edu RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Mitchell, Katharyn/G-7915-2016 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Mitchell, Katharyn/0000-0002-5545-5630 FU Cornell University FX This study was supported in part by the Cornell University Clinical Fellowship (A.J. Burton). The authors wish to thank G. Perkins, L. Bookbinder, A. Prentice, T. Linden and E. Johnson for assistance with sample collection and the broodmare farms in New York State for access to the animals. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.019 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 687ZS UT WOS:000284817900021 PM 20932647 ER PT J AU Georgiopoulou, V Kalogeropoulos, A De Staercke, C Fike, L Giamouzis, G Bhalla, V Malik, A Laskar, SR Smith, AL Hooper, WC Butler, J AF Georgiopoulou, Vasiliki Kalogeropoulos, Andreas De Staercke, Christine Fike, Lucy Giamouzis, Grigorios Bhalla, Vikas Malik, Adnan Laskar, Sonjoy R. Smith, Andrew L. Hooper, W. Craig Butler, Javed TI Increased Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Are Independently Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Outpatients with Heart Failure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Heart failure; Biomarkers; Extracellular matrix; Prognosis C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 21 SU S MA A19401 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V21UD UT WOS:000208231603134 ER PT J AU Goff, DC Gillespie, C Howard, G Labarthe, DR AF Goff, David C. Gillespie, Cathleen Howard, George Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Is the Obesity Epidemic Reversing Favorable Trends in Blood Pressure: Evidence from Cohorts Born between 1890 and 1990 in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Blood pressure; Obesity; Epidemiology C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 21 SU S MA A18185 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V21UD UT WOS:000208231602745 ER PT J AU Morris, A Coverson, D Fike, L Ahmed, Y Stoyanova, N Hooper, WC Gibbons, G Bliwise, D Vaccarino, V Din-Dzietham, R Quyyumi, A AF Morris, Alanna Coverson, Dorothy Fike, Lucy Ahmed, Yusuf Stoyanova, Neli Hooper, W. Craig Gibbons, Gary Bliwise, Donald Vaccarino, Viola Din-Dzietham, Rebecca Quyyumi, Arshed TI Sleep Quality and Duration are Associated with Higher Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers: the META-Health Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Inflammation; Behavioral medicine C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 21 SU S MA A17806 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V21UD UT WOS:000208231602603 ER PT J AU Rahman, A Murrow, J Ozkor, M Kavtaradze, N Lin, J De Staercke, C Hooper, C Manatunga, A Quyyumi, A AF Rahman, Ayaz Murrow, Jonathan Ozkor, Muhiddin Kavtaradze, Nino Lin, Ji De Staercke, Christine Hooper, Craig Manatunga, Amita Quyyumi, Arshed TI Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Mediates Bradykinin Stimulated Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release In the Human Forearm Vasculature SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Endothelium-derived relaxing factor; Thrombolysis; Endothelium; Potassium channel; Nitric oxide synthase C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Athens, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 21 SU S MA A17825 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V21UD UT WOS:000208231602608 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Tate, J Cortese, M Payne, DC Armstrong, G Parashar, UD Lopman, B AF Patel, Manish M. Tate, Jacqueline Cortese, Margaret Payne, Daniel C. Armstrong, Greg Parashar, Umesh D. Lopman, Ben TI The impact of indirect benefits of vaccination on postlicensure vaccine effectiveness estimates: A scenario analysis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Indirect benefits; Vaccine effectiveness; Vaccine efficacy; Herd immunity ID HERD-IMMUNITY; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION AB Vaccine efficacy is measured in randomized, prelicensure clinical trials where vaccination typically affords only direct protection to the vaccinated individual. Vaccine effectiveness is measured in postlicensure observational studies where vaccination might provide indirect benefits to a population as a whole in addition to directly protecting the vaccinated individual. The potential discrepancy in effectiveness and efficacy estimates would depend on the postlicensure study design. We developed a mathematical model to assess the impact of indirect benefits on vaccine effectiveness as measured by the common cohort study design under scenarios of homogenous and heterogenous vaccine allocation. We found that under the cohort design, effectiveness estimates equaled efficacy if either the indirect effects were assumed to be negligible or vaccine allocation in the community was homogenous. However, in presence of indirect benefits, effectiveness estimates would be biased upward compared with vaccine efficacy if one of the two sub-populations in the same study had a higher rate of vaccination. Because of indirect effects of vaccination, even in studies where other biases can be eliminated, the presence of distinct sub-populations with varying rates of vaccination can lead to discrepancies between effectiveness and efficacy estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patel, Manish M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS A47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpatel@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 50 BP 7987 EP 7992 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.044 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699ML UT WOS:000285667400021 PM 20875493 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Brown, KH Kirkland, KB Baughman, AL Halperin, SA Broder, KR AF Talbot, Elizabeth A. Brown, Kristin H. Kirkland, Kathryn B. Baughman, Andrew L. Halperin, Scott A. Broder, Karen R. TI The safety of immunizing with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) less than 2 years following previous tetanus vaccination: Experience during a mass vaccination campaign of healthcare personnel during a respiratory illness outbreak SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pertussis; Tdap; Vaccine safety; Healthcare personnel ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVENTING TETANUS; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Background: Tdap is recommended for health care personnel (HCP) aged <65 years who received tetanus diphtheria or tetanus toxoid immunization (Td/IT) >= 2 years earlier. During a medical center Tdap vaccination campaign, we assessed the safety of use of a Td/TT to Tdap interval <2 years in HCP. We also describe reactogenicity in HCP who were aged >= 65 years or pregnant. Methods: HCP vaccinated with Tdap were surveyed to assess time since last Td/TT (>= 2 years vs. <2 years), age, pregnancy status, and injection site adverse events (AEs) during the 2 weeks after Tdap. AE rates were calculated and compared by non-inferiority analysis using a predetermined margin of 10%. We searched clinic logbooks to assess for clinically important adverse events during the 2 months after Tdap. Results: Of the 4524 vaccinated HCP, 2221 (49.1%) completed a safety survey which met criteria for analysis. Non-inferiority analysis found that rates of moderate and/or severe injection site AEs were not significantly greater in those vaccinated <2 years than in those vaccinated >= 2 years after previous Td/Tr. Three serious adverse events were reported during the 2 months after vaccination, none in persons who were >= 65 years, pregnant or received Td/TT <2 years before. Conclusions: Our findings add to the body of evidence that a short interval between Td/TT and a single dose of Tdap is safe. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Halperin, Scott A.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Brown, Kristin H.; Baughman, Andrew L.; Broder, Karen R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Talbot, Elizabeth A.; Kirkland, Kathryn B.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. [Talbot, Elizabeth A.] NH DHHS, Concord, NH USA. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM elizabeth.talbot@dartmouth.edu NR 19 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 50 BP 8001 EP 8007 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.034 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699ML UT WOS:000285667400023 PM 20875487 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Li, Y Belser, JA Pearce, MB Schmolke, M Subba, AX Shi, ZL Zaki, SR Blau, DM Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Wentworth, DE AF Zhou, Bin Li, Yan Belser, Jessica A. Pearce, Melissa B. Schmolke, Mirco Subba, Anju X. Shi, Zhengli Zaki, Sherif R. Blau, Dianna M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Tumpey, Terrence M. Wentworth, David E. TI NS-based live attenuated H1N1 pandemic vaccines protect mice and ferrets SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza A virus; Live atter uated vaccine; Nonstrucural protein ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; SEQUENCE VARIATION; A/ANN ARBOR/6/60; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRUNCATED NS1; INTERFERON; SWINE AB Although vaccines against influenza A virus are the most effective method to combat infection, it is clear that their production needs to be accelerated and their efficacy improved. We generated live attenuated human influenza A vaccines (LAIVs) by rationally engineering mutations directly into the genome of a pandemic-HI NI virus. Two LAIVs (NS1-73 and NS1-126) were based on the success of LAIVs for animal influenza A viruses. A third candidate (NS Delta 5) is a unique NS-mutant that has never been used as a LAIV. The vaccine potential of each LAIV was determined through analysis of attenuation, interferon production, immunogenicity, and their ability to protect mice and ferrets. This study demonstrates that NSA5 is an ideal LAIV candidate, provides important information on the effects that different NS mutations have on the pandemic-HI Ni virus and shows that LAIVs can be engineered directly from the genomes of emerging/circulating influenza A viruses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Bin; Li, Yan; Subba, Anju X.; Wentworth, David E.] SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Zhou, Bin; Wentworth, David E.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Li, Yan; Shi, Zhengli] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Virol, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Belser, Jessica A.; Pearce, Melissa B.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] NCIRD, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schmolke, Mirco; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.; Blau, Dianna M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. RP Wentworth, DE (reprint author), NYSDOH, Wadsworth Ctr, Griffin Lab, 5668 State Farm Rd, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. EM dew05@health.state.ny.us RI Zhou, Bin/H-8688-2014; Shi, Zhengli/A-1013-2013; OI Zhou, Bin/0000-0002-1535-6283; Shi, Zhengli/0000-0001-8089-163X; Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU Health Research Inc.; Wadsworth Center; NYSDOH Directors office; NIH/NIAID Northeast Biodefense Center [2 U54 A1057178-06]; NIH/NIAID [P01A1059576-05]; NIAID [U01AI070469] FX These studies were supported in part by Health Research Inc., the Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH Directors office, and NIH/NIAID Northeast Biodefense Center's animal core award 2 U54 A1057178-06. D.E.W. was also supported by NIH/NIAID P01A1059576-05. Work in the A.G.-S. laboratory was partly supported by NIAID grant U01AI070469. A.G.-S. owns equity and receives financial compensation for providing consulting services and for serving on the advisory board of Vivaldi BioScience, a biotechnology company that develops influenza vaccines based on NS-1-modification technology. Mount Sinai School of Medicine has received compensation from Vivaldi in return for a license to certain technology, the value of which may be affected by the outcome of this study. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 50 BP 8015 EP 8025 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.106 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699ML UT WOS:000285667400025 PM 20934458 ER PT J AU Shehab, N Sperling, LS Kegler, SR Budnitz, DS AF Shehab, Nadine Sperling, Laurence S. Kegler, Scott R. Budnitz, Daniel S. TI National Estimates of Emergency Department Visits for Hemorrhage-Related Adverse Events From Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin and From Warfarin SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VITAMIN-K ANTAGONISTS; ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION; DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; USUAL MEDICAL-CARE; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS; ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY AB Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) with clopidogrel plus aspirin is a well-established antithrombotic strategy, with hemorrhage being the chief adverse event (AE) of concern. Outside of clinical trials, few published data describe the magnitude and nature of hemorrhage-related AEs from DAT. Methods: To estimate the numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for hemorrhage-related AEs (hemorrhage or evaluation for potential hemorrhage) from DAT in the United States and put them in the context of those from warfarin, we analyzed AEs from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project, 2006-2008, and outpatient prescribing from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2006-2007. Results: Based on 384 cases, there were an estimated 7654 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3325-11 983) ED visits annually for hemorrhage-related AEs from DAT compared with 2926 cases and an estimated 60 575 (36 11785 033) ED visits from warfarin. Approximately 60% of ED visits for DAT consisted of epistaxis or other minor hemorrhages (eg, bleeding from small cuts). The risk of hospitalization for ED visits involving acute hemorrhages was not significantly different between DAT and warfarin (risk ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.38-1.08). The estimated rate of ED visits involving acute hemorrhages from DAT was 1.2 per 1000 outpatient prescription visits vs 2.5 per 1000 outpatient prescription visits for warfarin (risk ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83). Conclusions: These findings indicate that the acute hemorrhagic risk with DAT is clinically significant and reinforce the importance of practitioners and patients recognizing and anticipating this risk. C1 [Shehab, Nadine; Budnitz, Daniel S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kegler, Scott R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sperling, Laurence S.] Emory Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shehab, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nshehab@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 170 IS 21 BP 1926 EP 1933 DI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.407 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 683MN UT WOS:000284480000014 PM 21098354 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Koplan, JP AF Frieden, Thomas R. Koplan, Jeffrey P. TI Stronger national public health institutes for global health SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIC INTELLIGENCE SERVICE; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL C1 [Frieden, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Koplan, Jeffrey P.] Emory Univ, Emory Global Hlth Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9754 BP 1721 EP 1722 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62007-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 690EI UT WOS:000284984900009 PM 21093637 ER PT J AU Abel, GA Friese, CR Neville, BA Richardson, LC Wilson, KM Hastings, BT Earle, CC Soiffer, RJ AF Abel, Gregory A. Friese, Christopher R. Neville, Bridget A. Richardson, Lisa C. Wilson, Katherine M. Hastings, B. Taylor Earle, Craig C. Soiffer, Robert J. TI Primary Care Referrals for Suspected Hematologic Malignancies: Incidence, Factors Affecting Choice of Specialist, and Flow of Referral Information. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH) CY DEC 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Abel, Gregory A.; Neville, Bridget A.; Hastings, B. Taylor; Soiffer, Robert J.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Friese, Christopher R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.; Wilson, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Earle, Craig C.] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. RI Friese, Christopher/D-2097-2013 OI Friese, Christopher/0000-0002-2281-2056 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 21 BP 1567 EP 1567 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 752BH UT WOS:000289662204250 ER PT J AU Landi, D Beckman, M Shah, N Bockenstedt, P Heit, JA Kulkarni, R Manco-Johnson, M Moll, S Philipp, CS Andersen, JC Ortel, TL AF Landi, Daniel Beckman, Michele Shah, Nirmish Bockenstedt, Paula Heit, John A. Kulkarni, Roshni Manco-Johnson, Marilyn Moll, Stephan Philipp, Claire S. Andersen, Judith C. Ortel, Thomas L. TI Intra-Abdominal Venous Thrombosis: Characteristics of Pediatric and Adult Patients SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH) CY DEC 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Landi, Daniel; Shah, Nirmish] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. [Beckman, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bockenstedt, Paula] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Heit, John A.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Manco-Johnson, Marilyn] Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. [Manco-Johnson, Marilyn] Childrens Hosp, Aurora, CO USA. [Moll, Stephan] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Philipp, Claire S.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Andersen, Judith C.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. [Ortel, Thomas L.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 21 BP 1714 EP 1715 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 752BH UT WOS:000289662204638 ER PT J AU Troell, P Miller-Zuber, B Ondrush, J Murphy, J Fatteh, N Feldman, K Mitchell, K Willoughby, R Glymph, C Blanton, J Rupprecht, C AF Troell, P. Miller-Zuber, B. Ondrush, J. Murphy, J. Fatteh, N. Feldman, K. Mitchell, K. Willoughby, R. Glymph, C. Blanton, J. Rupprecht, C. TI Human Rabies-Virginia, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1236-1238, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Ondrush, J.] Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA USA. [Fatteh, N.] Kaiser Permanente Mid Atlantic, Rockville, MD USA. [Feldman, K.; Mitchell, K.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Willoughby, R.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Blanton, J.; Rupprecht, C.] CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 19 BP 2117 EP 2119 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680XC UT WOS:000284269800009 ER PT J AU Wooten, KG Kolasa, M Singleton, JA Shefer, A AF Wooten, K. G. Kolasa, M. Singleton, J. A. Shefer, A. TI National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months-United States, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1171-1177, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Wooten, K. G.; Kolasa, M.; Singleton, J. A.; Shefer, A.] CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wooten, KG (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 19 BP 2119 EP 2122 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680XC UT WOS:000284269800010 ER PT J AU Cohen, JM Ernst, KC Lindblade, KA Vulule, JM John, CC Wilson, ML AF Cohen, Justin M. Ernst, Kacey C. Lindblade, Kim A. Vulule, John M. John, Chandy C. Wilson, Mark L. TI Local topographic wetness indices predict household malaria risk better than land-use and land-cover in the western Kenya highlands SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; AREA; AFRICA; MODELS; IMPACT; LARVAE AB Background: Identification of high-risk malaria foci can help enhance surveillance or control activities in regions where they are most needed. Associations between malaria risk and land-use/land-cover are well-recognized, but these environmental characteristics are closely interrelated with the land's topography (e. g., hills, valleys, elevation), which also influences malaria risk strongly. Parsing the individual contributions of land-cover/land-use variables to malaria risk requires examining these associations in the context of their topographic landscape. This study examined whether environmental factors like land-cover, land-use, and urban density improved malaria risk prediction based solely on the topographically-determined context, as measured by the topographic wetness index. Methods: The topographic wetness index, an estimate of predicted water accumulation in a defined area, was generated from a digital terrain model of the landscape surrounding households in two neighbouring western Kenyan highland communities. Variables determined to best encompass the variance in this topographic wetness surface were calculated at a household level. Land-cover/land-use information was extracted from a high-resolution satellite image using an object-based classification method. Topographic and land-cover variables were used individually and in combination to predict household-level malaria in the communities through an iterative split-sample model fitting and testing procedure. Models with only topographic variables were compared to those with additional predictive factors related to land-cover/land-use to investigate whether these environmental factors improved prediction of malaria based on the shape of the land alone. Results: Variables related to topographic wetness proved most useful in predicting the households of individuals contracting malaria in this region of rugged terrain. Other variables related to human modification of the environment also demonstrated clear associations with household malaria. However, these land-cover/land-use variables failed to produce unambiguous improvements in statistical predictive models controlling for important topographic factors, with none improving prediction of household-level malaria more than 75% of the time. Conclusions: Topographic wetness values in this region of highly varied terrain more accurately predicted houses at greater risk of malaria than did consideration of land-cover/land-use characteristics. As such, those planning control or local elimination strategies in similar highland regions may use topographic and geographic characteristics to effectively identify high-receptivity regions that may require enhanced vigilance. C1 [Cohen, Justin M.; Ernst, Kacey C.; Wilson, Mark L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lindblade, Kim A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vulule, John M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [John, Chandy C.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cohen, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM justinmc@umich.edu RI Ernst, Kacey/M-5943-2013; OI Cohen, Justin/0000-0003-4481-6784 FU USPHS [AI-01572, AI-056184]; University of Michigan FX We thank Samson O. Adoka and Dickens O. Kowuor for involvement in gathering previously reported case data. Maurice Ombok assisted in early mapping of the study site. This study was funded in part by USPHS grants AI-01572 and AI-056184, and the Global Health Program at the University of Michigan, and it was published with the permission of the Director of KEMRI. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 328 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-328 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 724UD UT WOS:000287600800003 PM 21080943 ER PT J AU Dharia, NV Bright, AT Westenberger, SJ Barnes, SW Batalov, S Kuhen, K Borboa, R Federe, GC McClean, CM Vinetz, JM Neyra, V Llanos-Cuentas, A Barnwell, JW Walker, JR Winzeler, EA AF Dharia, Neekesh V. Bright, A. Taylor Westenberger, Scott J. Barnes, S. Whitney Batalov, Serge Kuhen, Kelli Borboa, Rachel Federe, Glenn C. McClean, Colleen M. Vinetz, Joseph M. Neyra, Victor Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro Barnwell, John W. Walker, John R. Winzeler, Elizabeth A. TI Whole-genome sequencing and microarray analysis of ex vivo Plasmodium vivax reveal selective pressure on putative drug resistance genes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE malaria; pvmrp ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; LIFE-CYCLE; PVCRT-O; FALCIPARUM; DIVERSITY; CHLOROQUINE; TRANSCRIPTION AB Plasmodium vivax causes 25-40% of malaria cases worldwide, yet research on this human malaria parasite has been neglected. Nevertheless, the recent publication of the P. vivax reference genome now allows genomics and systems biology approaches to be applied to this pathogen. We show here that whole-genome analysis of the parasite can be achieved directly from ex vivo-isolated parasites, without the need for in vitro propagation. A single isolate of P. vivax obtained from a febrile patient with clinical malaria from Peru was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (30x coverage). This analysis revealed over 18,261 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6,257 of which were further validated using a tiling micro-array. Within core chromosomal genes we find that one SNP per every 985 bases of coding sequence distinguishes this recent Peruvian isolate, designated IQ07, from the reference Salvador I strain obtained in 1972. This full-genome sequence of an uncultured P. vivax isolate shows that the same regions with low numbers of aligned sequencing reads are also highly variable by genomic micro-array analysis. Finally, we show that the genes containing the largest ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous SNPs include two AP2 transcription factors and the P. vivax multidrug resistance-associated protein (PvMRP1), an ABC transporter shown to be associated with quinoline and antifolate tolerance in Plasmodium falciparum. This analysis provides a data set for comparative analysis with important potential for identifying markers for global parasite diversity and drug resistance mapping studies. C1 [Dharia, Neekesh V.; Bright, A. Taylor; Westenberger, Scott J.; Winzeler, Elizabeth A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Inst Childhood & Neglected Dis 202, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Barnes, S. Whitney; Batalov, Serge; Kuhen, Kelli; Borboa, Rachel; Federe, Glenn C.; Walker, John R.; Winzeler, Elizabeth A.] Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [McClean, Colleen M.; Vinetz, Joseph M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Neyra, Victor; Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro] Alexander von Humboldt Inst Trop Med, Lima 01, Peru. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Winzeler, EA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Inst Childhood & Neglected Dis 202, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM winzeler@scripps.edu OI McClean, Colleen/0000-0002-1698-1136; Vinetz, Joseph/0000-0001-8344-2004 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01AI059472]; Medicines for Malaria Venture; Wellcome Trust; US Public Health Service [D43TW007120, K24AI068903, R01AI067727]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32 GM008666] FX We thank S. E. R. Bopp for insightful discussions. E.A.W. was supported by grants from the W. M. Keck Foundation and by National Institutes of Health Grant R01AI059472. Work on P. vivax drug discovery at the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation is funded by a grant from the Medicines for Malaria Venture and by the Wellcome Trust to the NGBS consortium. US Public Health Service Grants D43TW007120, K24AI068903, and R01AI067727 (to J.M.V.) supported the work done in Peru by C.M.M., J.M.V., V.N., A.L.-C. and A.T.B. was supported in part by the UCSD Genetics Training Program through an institutional training grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32 GM008666). NR 56 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 46 BP 20045 EP 20050 DI 10.1073/pnas.1003776107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 680UT UT WOS:000284261800080 PM 21037109 ER PT J AU Dollard, SC Butler, LM Jones, AMG Mermin, JH Chidzonga, M Chipato, T Shiboski, CH Brander, C Mosam, A Kiepiela, P Hladik, W Martin, JN AF Dollard, Sheila C. Butler, Lisa M. Jones, Alison M. Graves Mermin, Jonathan H. Chidzonga, Midion Chipato, Tsungai Shiboski, Caroline H. Brander, Christian Mosam, Anisa Kiepiela, Photini Hladik, Wolfgang Martin, Jeffrey N. TI Substantial regional differences in human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa: insights on the origin of the "Kaposi's sarcoma Belt" SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE KSHV; HHV-8; Africa; adults ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; HERPESVIRUS KSHV/HHV-8; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB Equatorial Africa has among the highest incidences of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in the world, thus earning the name "KS Belt." This was the case even before the HIV epidemic. To date, there is no clear evidence that HHV-8 seroprevalence is higher in this region but interpretation of the available literature is tempered by differences in serologic assays used across studies. We examined representatively sampled ambulatory adults in Uganda, which is in the "KS Belt," and in Zimbabwe and South Africa which are outside the Belt, for HHV-8 antibodies. All serologic assays were uniformly performed in the same reference laboratory by the same personnel. In the base-case serologic algorithm, seropositivity was defined by reactivity in an immunofluorescence assay or in 2 enzyme immunoassays. A total of 2,375 participants were examined. In Uganda, HHV-8 seroprevalence was high early in adulthood (35.5% by age 21) without significant change thereafter. In contrast, HHV-8 seroprevalence early in adulthood was lower in Zimbabwe and South Africa (13.7 and 10.8%, respectively) but increased with age. After age adjustment, Ugandans had 3.24-fold greater odds of being HHV-8 infected than South Africans (p < 0.001) and 2.22-fold greater odds than Zimbabweans (p < 0.001). Inferences were unchanged using all other serologic algorithms evaluated. In conclusion, HHV-8 infection is substantially more common in Uganda than in Zimbabwe and South Africa. These findings help to explain the high KS incidence in the "KS Belt" and underscore the importance of a uniform approach to HHV-8 antibody testing. C1 [Butler, Lisa M.; Jones, Alison M. Graves; Martin, Jeffrey N.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Dollard, Sheila C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mermin, Jonathan H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chidzonga, Midion; Chipato, Tsungai] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Shiboski, Caroline H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orofacial Sci, Div Oral Med Oral Pathol & Oral Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Brander, Christian] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Brander, Christian] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Brander, Christian] Hosp Badalona Germans Trias & Pujol, Irsicaixa AIDS Res Inst, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. [Mosam, Anisa] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Dermatol, Durban, South Africa. [Kiepiela, Photini] MRC, HIV Prevent & Res Unit, Durban, South Africa. [Hladik, Wolfgang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Unit, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Martin, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 185 Berry St,Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM martin@psg.ucsf.edu RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012; OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778 FU National Institutes of Health [U01 CA078124, R01 CA119903, P30 MH062246, D43 TW000003, R03 TW006054, P01 DE007946, K01 HD052020, P30 AI027763]; AIDS Malignancy Consortium [U01 CA071375]; University of California [CC99-SF-001]; South Africa National Research Foundation [2054349]; AIDS Care Research in Africa Program FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant numbers: U01 CA078124, R01 CA119903, P30 MH062246, D43 TW000003, R03 TW006054, P01 DE007946, K01 HD052020, and P30 AI027763; Grant sponsor: AIDS Malignancy Consortium; Grant number: U01 CA071375; Grant sponsor: University of California Universitywide AIDS Research Program; Grant number: CC99-SF-001; Grant sponsor: South Africa National Research Foundation (Thuthuka Programme); Grant number: 2054349; Grant sponsor: AIDS Care Research in Africa Program NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 127 IS 10 BP 2395 EP 2401 DI 10.1002/ijc.25235 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 672DT UT WOS:000283563900016 PM 20143397 ER PT J AU Leung, J Kudish, K Wang, CB Moore, L Gacek, P Radford, K Lopez, A Sosa, L Schmid, DS Cartter, M Bialek, S AF Leung, Jessica Kudish, Kathy Wang, Chengbin Moore, Latetia Gacek, Paul Radford, Kay Lopez, Adriana Sosa, Lynn Schmid, D. Scott Cartter, Matthew Bialek, Stephanie TI A 2009 Varicella Outbreak in a Connecticut Residential Facility for Adults with Intellectual Disability SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TERM-CARE FACILITY; ZOSTER-VIRUS-DNA; HERPES-ZOSTER; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; CHICKENPOX; PRISON AB We investigated a varicella outbreak in a residential facility for adults with intellectual disabilities. A case of varicella was defined as a generalized maculopapular rash that developed in a facility resident or employee. Immunoglobulin M testing was conducted on serologic samples, and polymerase chain reaction testing was performed on environmental and skin lesion samples. Eleven cases were identified among 70 residents and 2 among similar to 145 staff. An unrecognized case of herpes zoster was the likely source. Case patients first entered any residential facility at a younger age than non-case residents (9.5 vs 15.0 years; P < .01). Varicella zoster virus DNA was detected 2 months after the outbreak in environmental samples obtained from case patients' residences. This outbreak exemplifies the potential for at-risk pockets of varicella-susceptible adults, especially among those who have lived in residential facilities from a young age. Evidence of immunity should be verified for all adults and healthcare staff in similar residential settings. C1 [Leung, Jessica; Wang, Chengbin; Radford, Kay; Lopez, Adriana; Schmid, D. Scott; Bialek, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, Latetia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gacek, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists Appl, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gacek, Paul; Sosa, Lynn; Cartter, Matthew] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Leung, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JLeung@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U60/CCU007277] FX This study was supported in part by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program administered by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (cooperative agreement U60/CCU007277). NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 10 BP 1486 EP 1491 DI 10.1086/656773 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 665SY UT WOS:000283057000006 PM 20929354 ER PT J AU Fiebelkorn, AP Redd, SB Gallagher, K Rota, PA Rota, J Bellini, W Seward, J AF Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker Redd, Susan B. Gallagher, Kathleen Rota, Paul A. Rota, Jennifer Bellini, William Seward, Jane TI Measles in the United States during the Postelimination Era SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS; OUTBREAK; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINES; CHILDREN; REQUIREMENTS; ELIMINATION; VIRUS; RISKS AB Background. Measles affected entire birth cohorts in the prevaccine era but was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000 because of a successful measles vaccination program. Methods. We reviewed US surveillance data on confirmed measles cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and data on national measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage during post-elimination years 2001-2008. Results. During 2001-2008, a total of 557 confirmed cases of measles (annual median no. of cases, 56) and 38 outbreaks (annual median no. of outbreaks, 4) were reported in the United States; 232 (42%) of the cases were imported from 44 countries, including European countries. Among case-patients who were US residents, the highest incidences of measles were among infants 6-11 months of age and children 12-15 months of age (3.5 and 2.6 cases/1 million person-years, respectively). From 2001 through 2008, national 1-dose MMR vaccine coverage among children 19-35 months of age ranged from 91% to 93%. From 2001 through 2008, a total of 285 US-resident case-patients (65%) were considered to have preventable measles (ie, the patients were eligible for vaccination but unvaccinated). During 2004-2008, a total of 68% of vaccine-eligible US-resident case-patients claimed exemptions for personal beliefs. Conclusions. The United States maintained measles elimination from 2001 through 2008 because of sustained high vaccination coverage. Challenges to maintaining elimination include large outbreaks of measles in highly traveled developed countries, frequent international travel, and clusters of US residents who remain unvaccinated because of personal belief exemptions. C1 [Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker; Redd, Susan B.; Gallagher, Kathleen; Rota, Paul A.; Rota, Jennifer; Bellini, William; Seward, Jane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiebelkorn, AP (reprint author), CDC, NCIRD, MS A-47,1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AParker@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 10 BP 1520 EP 1528 DI 10.1086/656914 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 665SY UT WOS:000283057000010 PM 20929352 ER PT J AU Conley, L Bush, T Darragh, TM Palefsky, JM Unger, ER Patel, P Kojic, EM Cu-Uvin, S Martin, H Overton, ET Hammer, J Henry, K Vellozzi, C Wood, K Brooks, JT AF Conley, L. Bush, T. Darragh, T. M. Palefsky, J. M. Unger, E. R. Patel, P. Kojic, E. M. Cu-Uvin, S. Martin, H. Overton, E. T. Hammer, J. Henry, K. Vellozzi, C. Wood, K. Brooks, J. T. CA SUN Study Investigators TI Factors Associated with Prevalent Abnormal Anal Cytology in a Large Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; AIDS-DEFINING CANCERS; RISK-FACTORS; NATURAL-HISTORY; BISEXUAL MEN; POSITIVE MEN; WOMEN AB Background. The prevalence of and risk factors for abnormal anal cytology among men and women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have not been extensively investigated. Methods. The Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN study) is a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients in 4 US cities. Baseline questionnaires were administered and anal samples for cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping were collected. Results. Among 471 men and 150 women (median age, 41 years), 78% of participants were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy, 41% had a CD4(+) cell count of >= 500 cells/mu L, and 71% had an HIV RNA viral load of <400 copies/mu L. The anal cytology results were as follows: 336 participants (54%) had negative results, 96 participants (15%) had atypical squamous cells, 149 participants (24%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 40 participants (6%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. In a multivariate analysis, abnormal anal cytology was associated with number of high-risk and low-risk HPV types (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for both, 1.28; P < .001), nadir CD4(+) cell count of <50 cells/mu L (AOR, 2.38; P = .001), baseline CD4(+) cell count of <500 cells/mu L (AOR, 1.75; P = .004), and ever having receptive anal intercourse (AOR, 2.51; P < .001). Conclusion. HIV-infected persons with multiple anal HPV types or a nadir CD4(+) cell count of <50 cells/mu L have an increased risk for abnormal anal cytology. C1 [Conley, L.; Bush, T.; Patel, P.; Vellozzi, C.; Brooks, J. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP, NCHHSTP, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Unger, E. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Darragh, T. M.; Palefsky, J. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. [Kojic, E. M.; Cu-Uvin, S.] Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Martin, H.] Pk Nicollet Inst, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Henry, K.] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Overton, E. T.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Hammer, J.] Denver Infect Dis Consultants, Denver, CO USA. [Wood, K.] Cerner, Vienna, VA USA. RP Conley, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP, NCHHSTP, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ljc2@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00610/00611/00612/00613, 200-2007-3633/23634/23635/23636] FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (contracts 200-2002-00610/00611/00612/00613 and 200-2007-3633/23634/23635/23636). NR 24 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1576 DI 10.1086/656775 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 665SY UT WOS:000283057000016 PM 20925532 ER PT J AU Marks, G Gardner, LI Craw, J Crepaz, N AF Marks, Gary Gardner, Lytt I. Craw, Jason Crepaz, Nicole TI Entry and retention in medical care among HIV-diagnosed persons: a meta-analysis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; entry; HIV; medical care; retention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; URBAN EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; INFECTED DRUG-USERS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HEALTH-CARE; VIRAL LOAD; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SERVICES UTILIZATION; DELAYED INITIATION AB Objective: A 'test and treat' strategy to reduce HIV transmission hinges on linking and retaining HIV patients in care to achieve the full benefit of antiretroviral therapy. We integrated empirical findings and estimated the percentage of HIV-positive persons in the United States who entered HIV medical care soon after their diagnosis; and were retained in care during specified assessment intervals. Methods: We comprehensively searched databases and bibliographic lists to identify studies that collected data from May 1995 through 2009. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for entry into care and retention in care (having multiple HIV medical visits during specified assessment intervals) stratified by methodological variables. All analyses used random-effects models. Results: Overall, 69% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66-71%, N = 53 323, 28 findings] of HIV-diagnosed persons in the United States entered HIV medical care averaged across time intervals in the studies. Seventy-two percent (95% CI 67-77%, N 6586, 12 findings) entered care within 4 months of diagnosis. Seventy-six percent (95% CI 66-84%, N 561, 15 findings) entered care after testing HIV-positive in emergency/urgent care departments and 67% (95% CI 64-70%, N = 52 762, 13 findings) entered care when testing was done in community locations. With respect to retention in care, 59% (95% CI 53-65%, N = 75 655, 28 findings) had multiple HIV medical care visits averaged across assessment intervals of 6 months to 3-5 years. Retention was lower during longer assessment intervals. Conclusion: Entry and retention in HIV medical care in the United States are moderately high. Improvement in both outcomes will increase the success of a test and treat strategy. (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Marks, Gary; Gardner, Lytt I.; Craw, Jason; Crepaz, Nicole] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmarks@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 13 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2665 EP 2678 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f4b1b PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 672KV UT WOS:000283582800009 PM 20841990 ER PT J AU De Jesus, VR Simms, DA Schiffer, J Kennedy, M Mei, JV Hannon, WH AF De Jesus, Victor R. Simms, David A. Schiffer, Jarad Kennedy, Meredith Mei, Joanne V. Hannon, W. Harry TI Pilot proficiency testing study for second tier congenital adrenal hyperplasia newborn screening SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Newborn screening; Second tier testing; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Tandem mass spectrometry; Dried-blood spot; Proficiency testing ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREDICTIVE-VALUE; 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; EXPERIENCE; IMPROVES; VALUES; SERUM; AGE AB Background Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by inherited defects in steroid biosynthesis. The Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program (NSQAP) initiated a pilot, dried-blood spot (DBS)-based proficiency testing program designed to investigate materials and laboratory performance for second tier CAH screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) Methods The ratio of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). androstenedione (4-AD) and cortisol is used as an indicator of CAH in laboratory protocols for second tier analysis of DBS specimens DBS prepared by NSQAP contained a range of steroid concentrations resulting in different clinical ratios Laboratories received blind-coded DBS specimens and reported results to NSQAP for evaluation Results Quantitative values reported by participants for 17-OHP, 4-AD, and cortisol, reflected small differences in their analytical methods. Average quantitative values for 17-OHP increased from 81% to 107% recovery over the 3 5-year period; cortisol recoveries increased from 61 9% to 89 5%, and 4-AD recoveries decreased from 184% to 68% Conclusions Laboratory participation in the CAH second tier proficiency testing program has resulted in improved analyte recoveries and enhanced sample preparation methodologies. NSQAP services for the second tier CAH analysis in DBS demonstrate the need for surveillance to ensure harmonization and continuous improvements, and to achieve sustained high-performance of newborn screening laboratories worldwide. Published by Elsevier B V C1 [De Jesus, Victor R.; Simms, David A.; Kennedy, Meredith; Mei, Joanne V.; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schiffer, Jarad] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Jesus, VR (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, DLS, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support was provided by the Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, this research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S Department of Energy and the CDC. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 411 IS 21-22 BP 1684 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/j.caa.2010.06.029 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 659JG UT WOS:000282562200023 PM 20619255 ER PT J AU Chace, DH De Jesus, VR Lim, TH Hannon, WH Spitzer, AR AF Chace, Donald H. De Jesus, Victor R. Lim, Timothy H. Hannon, W. Harry Spitzer, Alan R. TI Tandem mass spectrometric identification of dextrose markers in dried-blood spots from infants receiving total parenteral nutrition SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Tandem mass spectrometry; Dextrose; Amino acids; Total parenteral nutrition; Newborn screening; Premature infants; Dried-blood spots ID AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; NEWBORNS; PHENYLKETONURIA; PHENYLALANINE; SPECIMENS; TYROSINE AB Background The false positive rate for the newborn screening of disorders of amino acid metabolism for premature infants is higher than full term infants This may be due to very low birth weight infants receiving high concentrations of amino acids from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration and/or immature metabolism An investigation of the possible influence of TPN on screening of premature infants resulted in the detection of three unusual peaks in the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) acylcarnitine profile. These markers were closely correlated with the detection of very high multiple amino acid increases in the profiles of newborns administered with TPN and who were ultimately found to be normal and free of inherited metabolic disorders Methods: TPN solutions contain a concentrated mixture (gamin acids and dextrose and other nutrients in saline Due to its high concentration and suggestion of a carbohydrate, it was hypothesized that dextrose (D-glucose) was the contaminant and source of the markers detected Dextrose, stable isotope-labeled (13)C(6)-dextrose and various TPN solutions were analyzed directly or after enrichment in whole blood by multiple MS/MS acquisition modes including MS-only, product and precursor ion and neutral loss scans Results. Analysis of dried-blood spots (DBS) prepared from whole blood spiked with TPN solutions containing 12.5% dextrose and amino acid formulations designed to deliver 2.5 gm/kg/day of an amino acid mixture had moderate increases of all 3 dextrose markers detected at m/z 325. 399 and 473 as compared to controls MS-only scans, product and precursor ion scans of dextrose and (13)C(6)-dextrose in positive ion mode confirmed that these 3 peaks are derived from dextrose Mass spectral analysis of labeled and unlabeled dextrose suggested that these peaks were dimers derived from dextrose Conclusion: The identification of dextrose markers in DBS indicates that high concentrations of dextrose were present in blood and the likely source was contamination by TPN solutions most likely occurring during a sample collection process (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Chace, Donald H.; Spitzer, Alan R.] Pediatrix Med Grp Inc, Pediatrix Ctr Res Educ & Qual, Sunrise, FL 33323 USA. [De Jesus, Victor R.; Lim, Timothy H.; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chace, DH (reprint author), Pediatrix Med Grp Inc, Pediatrix Ctr Res Educ & Qual, 1301 Concord Terrace, Sunrise, FL 33323 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 411 IS 21-22 BP 1806 EP 1816 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.007 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 659JG UT WOS:000282562200044 PM 20707991 ER PT J AU Bell, DM Brewinski, MM Holmes, CB AF Bell, David M. Brewinski, Margaret M. Holmes, Charles B. TI Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Bell, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brewinski, Margaret M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Holmes, Charles B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dmb1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 20 BP 1969 EP 1970 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 678CR UT WOS:000284047600022 PM 21067394 ER PT J AU van der Horst, CM Jamieson, DJ AF van der Horst, Charles M. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MALAWI; RESISTANCE; THERAPY C1 [van der Horst, Charles M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van der Horst, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM cvdh@med.unc.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 20 BP 1970 EP 1970 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 678CR UT WOS:000284047600023 ER PT J AU Petrini, JR Broussard, CS Gilboa, SM Lee, KA Oster, M Honein, MA AF Petrini, J. R. Broussard, C. S. Gilboa, S. M. Lee, K. A. Oster, M. Honein, M. A. TI Racial Differences by Gestational Age in Neonatal Deaths Attributable to Congenital Heart Defects-United States, 2003-2006 (Reprinted from vol 59, pg 1208-1211, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MORTALITY; COUNCIL; YOUNG C1 [Petrini, J. R.] Danbury Hosp, March Dimes Natl Off, Perinatal Data Ctr, Danbury, CT USA. [Broussard, C. S.; Gilboa, S. M.; Lee, K. A.; Oster, M.; Honein, M. A.] CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Petrini, JR (reprint author), Danbury Hosp, March Dimes Natl Off, Perinatal Data Ctr, Danbury, CT USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 18 BP 2006 EP 2008 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677OB UT WOS:000284000600009 ER PT J AU Schlessinger, S Kokko, K Fratkin, J Butt, F Hawxby, A Todaro, M Henderson, H Seawright, A Parker, C Byers, P Gonzalez-Peralta, R Kayler, L Fauerbach, L Lawrence, R Haafiz, A Stanek, D Hammond, R Thoroughman, D Pippen, T Johnson, S Mahle, W Lyon, G Laporte, K Kanter, K Ivey, M Arnold, K Lance, S Navarro-Almario, E Farnon, E Kuehnert, M Shieh, W Paddock, C Zaki, S Drew, C Schmitz, A Sejvar, J Sriram, R Visvesvara, G Beach, M Yoder, J Roy, S Qvarnstrom, Y Bandea, R daSilva, A Bosserman, E Budge, P Lutterloh, E AF Schlessinger, S. Kokko, K. Fratkin, J. Butt, F. Hawxby, A. Todaro, M. Henderson, H. Seawright, A. Parker, C. Byers, P. Gonzalez-Peralta, R. Kayler, L. Fauerbach, L. Lawrence, R. Haafiz, A. Stanek, D. Hammond, R. Thoroughman, D. Pippen, T. Johnson, S. Mahle, W. Lyon, G., III Laporte, K. Kanter, K. Ivey, M. Arnold, K. Lance, S. Navarro-Almario, E. Farnon, E. Kuehnert, M. Shieh, W. Paddock, C. Zaki, S. Drew, C. Schmitz, A. Sejvar, J. Sriram, R. Visvesvara, G. Beach, M. Yoder, J. Roy, S. Qvarnstrom, Y. Bandea, R. daSilva, A. Bosserman, E. Budge, P. Lutterloh, E. TI Balamuthia mandrillaris Transmitted Through Organ Transplantation-Mississippi, 2009 (Reprinted from vol 59, pg 1165-1170, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Schlessinger, S.] Mississippi Organ Recovery Agcy, Flowood, MS USA. [Kokko, K.; Fratkin, J.; Butt, F.; Hawxby, A.; Todaro, M.; Henderson, H.; Seawright, A.; Parker, C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gonzalez-Peralta, R.; Kayler, L.; Fauerbach, L.; Lawrence, R.; Haafiz, A.] Univ Florida, Shands Hosp, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mahle, W.; Lyon, G., III; Laporte, K.; Kanter, K.] Emory Univ, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Navarro-Almario, E.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Budge, P.; Lutterloh, E.] CDC, EIS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schlessinger, S (reprint author), Mississippi Organ Recovery Agcy, Flowood, MS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 18 BP 2008 EP 2012 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677OB UT WOS:000284000600010 ER PT J AU Adih, WK Hu, X Campsmith, ML Espinoza, L Hall, HI AF Adih, W. K. Hu, X. Campsmith, M. L. Espinoza, L. Hall, H. I. TI Estimated Lifetime Risk for Diagnosis of HIV Infection Among Hispanics/Latinos-37 States and Puerto Rico, 2007 (Reprinted from vol 59, pg 1297-1301, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Adih, W. K.; Hu, X.; Campsmith, M. L.; Espinoza, L.; Hall, H. I.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adih, WK (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 18 BP 2012 EP 2013 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677OB UT WOS:000284000600011 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Collins, FS AF Frieden, Thomas R. Collins, Francis S. TI Intentional Infection of Vulnerable Populations in 1946-1948 Another Tragic History Lesson SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Frieden, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Collins, Francis S.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txf2@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 18 BP 2063 EP 2064 DI 10.1001/jama.2010.1554 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677OB UT WOS:000284000600028 PM 20937719 ER PT J AU Tassie, JM Malateste, K Pujades-Rodriguez, M Poulet, E Bennett, D Harries, A Mahy, M Schechter, M Souteyrand, Y Dabis, F AF Tassie, Jean-Michel Malateste, Karen Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar Poulet, Elisabeth Bennett, Diane Harries, Anthony Mahy, Mary Schechter, Mauro Souteyrand, Yves Dabis, Francois CA IeDEA Collaboration MSF Collaboration TI Evaluation of Three Sampling Methods to Monitor Outcomes of Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PATIENT RETENTION; THERAPY PROGRAMS; FOLLOW-UP; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY; COVERAGE; QUALITY; TRENDS AB Background: Retention of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time is a proxy for quality of care and an outcome indicator to monitor ART programs. Using existing databases (Antiretroviral in Lower Income Countries of the International Databases to Evaluate AIDS and Medecins Sans Frontieres),we evaluated three sampling approaches to simplify the generation of outcome indicators. Methods and Findings: We used individual patient data from 27 ART sites and included 27,201 ART-naive adults (>= 15 years) who initiated ART in 2005. For each site, we generated two outcome indicators at 12 months, retention on ART and proportion of patients lost to follow-up (LFU), first using all patient data and then within a smaller group of patients selected using three sampling methods (random, systematic and consecutive sampling). For each method and each site, 500 samples were generated, and the average result was compared with the unsampled value. The 95% sampling distribution (SD) was expressed as the 2.5(th) and 97.5(th) percentile values from the 500 samples. Overall, retention on ART was 76.5% (range 58.9-88.6) and the proportion of patients LFU, 13.5% (range 0.8-31.9). Estimates of retention from sampling (n = 5696) were 76.5% (SD 75.4-77.7) for random, 76.5% (75.3-77.5) for systematic and 76.0% (74.1-78.2) for the consecutive method. Estimates for the proportion of patients LFU were 13.5% (12.6-14.5), 13.5% (12.6-14.3) and 14.0% (12.5-15.5), respectively. With consecutive sampling, 50% of sites had SD within +/- 5% of the unsampled site value. Conclusions: Our results suggest that random, systematic or consecutive sampling methods are feasible for monitoring ART indicators at national level. However, sampling may not produce precise estimates in some sites. C1 [Tassie, Jean-Michel; Souteyrand, Yves] WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Malateste, Karen; Dabis, Francois] Univ Victor Segalen, INSERM, U857, Bordeaux, France. [Malateste, Karen; Dabis, Francois] Univ Victor Segalen, ISPED, Bordeaux, France. [Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar; Poulet, Elisabeth] Epictr, Paris, France. [Bennett, Diane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harries, Anthony] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. [Harries, Anthony] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Mahy, Mary] Joint United Nat Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schechter, Mauro] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Tassie, JM (reprint author), WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM tassiej@who.int RI Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar/G-4388-2014; OI Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar/0000-0002-7778-3520; Pujades Rodriguez, Mar/0000-0002-1375-1028 FU World Health Organisation FX Funding for this collaborative analysis using existing databases was provided by the World Health Organisation. The World Health Organisation participated in study design, data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e13899 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013899 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 677ZN UT WOS:000284036800009 PM 21085709 ER PT J AU Ersching, J Hernandez, MIM Cezarotto, FS Ferreira, JDS Martins, AB Switzer, WM Xiang, ZQ Ertl, HCJ Zanetti, CR Pinto, AR AF Ersching, Jonatan Hernandez, Malva I. M. Cezarotto, Fabrizzio S. Ferreira, Jovino D. S. Martins, Amely B. Switzer, William M. Xiang, Zhiquan Ertl, Hildegund C. J. Zanetti, Carlos R. Pinto, Aguinaldo R. TI Neutralizing antibodies to human and simian adenoviruses in humans and New-World monkeys SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human adenovirus; Simian adenovirus; Neutralizing antibody; Seroneutralization assay; Vaccines ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; VACCINE VECTORS; SEROTYPE 5; IMMUNOGENICITY; SEROPREVALENCE; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; IMMUNITY; TYPE-5; INDUCTION AB Vaccines based on adenovirus (Ad) vectors are currently in development against several pathogens. However, neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to human adenovirus type 5 (AdHu5), the best-studied vector, are highly prevalent in humans worldwide. Less-prevalent adenoviruses, including human and simian serotypes, provide alternative vaccine platforms. In this study, sera from 200 Brazilian human subjects and New-World monkeys were tested for NAb titers to human serotypes AdHu5 and AdHu26 and chimpanzee-origin Ad viruses of serotype 6 (AdC6) and serotype 68 (AdC68). Seroprevalence rates of NAb in humans were 69.5% for AdHu5, 44% for AdHu26, 21% for AdC6 and 23.5% for AdC68. In addition, NAb titers to human Ad were consistently higher than those found to simian serotypes. Surprisingly, sera from some New-World monkey species were able to neutralize AdC6 and/or AdC68. A possible explanation for these findings and the implications for the development of Ad-vector vaccines are discussed in detail. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ersching, Jonatan; Zanetti, Carlos R.; Pinto, Aguinaldo R.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Hernandez, Malva I. M.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Cezarotto, Fabrizzio S.] Ctr Hematol & Hemoterapia Acre, BR-69914500 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. [Ferreira, Jovino D. S.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Hosp Univ Polydoro Ernani Sao Thiago, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Martins, Amely B.] Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Primatas Brasilei, BR-58010480 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. [Xiang, Zhiquan; Ertl, Hildegund C. J.] Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pinto, AR (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM pintoar@ccb.ufsc.br RI Hernandez, Malva/E-3485-2013; OI Hernandez, Malva/0000-0002-1745-6384; Ersching, Jonatan/0000-0002-8103-432X FU CDC, New England [P51RR00168-40]; Yerkes Regional Primate Centers; Gladys Porter; Henry Doorly Zoos; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Programa Nacional de DST/Aids (Ministerio da Saude) FX The authors are grateful to Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS/IBAMA) and Plautino de Oliveira Laroque, DVM, for obtaining the blood samples from the monkeys. The authors also thank the CDC veterinary staff, the New England (PHS grant P51RR00168-40) and Yerkes Regional Primate Centers, and the Gladys Porter, and Henry Doorly Zoos. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, or the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. This work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), and Programa Nacional de DST/Aids (Ministerio da Saude). NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 407 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.043 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658JM UT WOS:000282486300001 PM 20797754 ER PT J AU Xu, H Song, YQ You, NC Zhang, ZF Greenland, S Ford, ES He, L Liu, SM AF Xu, He Song, Yiqing You, Nai-Chieh Zhang, Zuo-Feng Greenland, Sander Ford, Earl S. He, Lin Liu, Simin TI Prevalence and clustering of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults in Shanghai, China SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ASIAN POPULATION; OBESITY; MELLITUS; HEALTH; REPRODUCIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; VARIANTS; VALIDITY; WOMEN; MEN AB Background: Type 2 diabetes is becoming an epidemic in China. To evaluate the prevalence, clustering of metabolic risk factors and their impact on type 2 diabetes, we conducted a population-based study in Shanghai, China's largest metropolitan area. Methods: From 2006 to 2007, 2,113 type 2 diabetes cases and 2,458 comparable controls of adults aged 40 to 79 years were enrolled. Demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were assessed via standardized questionnaires. Plasma, red and white blood cells were collected and stored for future studies. Anthropometric indices and biochemical intermediates (including blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood lipids) were measured. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome were also compared following two criteria recommended by the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS, 2004) and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III, 2002). Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (62% vs. 15% using CDS criteria) and its individual components, including obesity (51% vs. 42%), hypertension (54% vs. 41%), hypertriglyceridemia (42% vs. 32%), and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) levels (36% vs. 25%) were higher in diabetes cases than controls. Regardless of criteria used, those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) had similarly high prevalence of metabolic syndrome as did diabetes cases. In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for demographics and lifestyle risk factors, the odds ratios of diabetes (95% CI) were 1.23 (1.04-1.45) for overweight (28 >= BMI >= 24), 1.81 (1.45-2.25) for obesity (BMI > 28), 1.53 (1.30-1.80) for central obesity (waist circumference > 80 cm for woman or waist circumference > 85 cm for man), 1.36 (1.17-1.59) for hypertension (sbp/dbp >= 140/90 mmHg), 1.55 (1.32-1.82) for high triglycerides (triglycerides > 1.70 mmol/l) and 1.52 (1.23-1.79) for low HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L). Conclusions: These data indicate that multiple metabolic risk factors-individually or jointly-were more prevalent in diabetes patients than in controls. Further research will examine hypotheses concerning the high prevalence of IFG, family history, and central obesity, aiding development of multifaceted preventive strategies specific to this population. C1 [Xu, He; Zhang, Zuo-Feng; Liu, Simin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Program Genom & Nutr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Xu, He; He, Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Nutr Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Xu, He; He, Lin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Bio X Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Song, Yiqing] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [You, Nai-Chieh; Zhang, Zuo-Feng; Liu, Simin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Metab Dis Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. [You, Nai-Chieh; Zhang, Zuo-Feng; Liu, Simin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Greenland, Sander] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Program Genom & Nutr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM siminliu@ucla.edu RI Sriwisit, Sukhumaphorn/G-1405-2011; Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 FU Chinese Nutrition Society [05015]; Shanghai Municipality Science & Technology Commission [05JC14090]; Institute for Nutritoinal Sciences; Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Program [2009AA022701, 2006AA02A407]; 973 Program [2010CB529600, 2006CB910601, 2007CB914703, 2007CB947300]; Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology [09DJ1400601]; National Key Project for Investigational New Drug [2008ZX09312-003]; UCLA Center for Metabolic Diseases Prevention; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center FX This work was supported by grants from Chinese Nutrition Society (05015), Shanghai Municipality Science & Technology Commission (05JC14090), Institute for Nutritoinal Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 863 Program (2009AA022701,2006AA02A407), 973 Program (2010CB529600, 2006CB910601, 2007CB914703, 2007CB947300), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Program 09DJ1400601, National Key Project for Investigational New Drug 2008ZX09312-003, UCLA Center for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 683 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-683 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 683GY UT WOS:000284462600001 PM 21062480 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Miller, JT Iqbal, K Thomas, A Rizzo, EM Hanson, H Sweet, K Phan, Q Cronquist, A Khudyakov, Y Xia, GL Spradling, P AF Klevens, R. Monina Miller, Jeremy T. Iqbal, Kashif Thomas, Ann Rizzo, Elena M. Hanson, Heather Sweet, Kristin Phan, Quyen Cronquist, Alicia Khudyakov, Yury Xia, Guo-liang Spradling, Philip TI The Evolving Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VACCINATION; PREVENTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; POLICY AB Background: The incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) disease is the lowest ever in the United States. We describe recent incidence and characteristics of cases of HAV disease from 6 US sites conducting hepatitis surveillance in the Emerging Infections Program. Methods: Health departments conducted enhanced, population-based surveillance for HAV from 2005 through 2007. Demographic and risk factor data were collected on suspected cases (persons with a positive IgM anti-HAV result) using a standard form. Remnant serum specimens from a convenience sample of cases were tested by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing the 315-nucleotide segment of the VP1-P2B junction. Results: There were 1156 HAV cases reported during 2005 through 2007. The combined population under surveillance was 29.8 million in 2007. The overall annual incidence rate was 1.3 per 100 000 population (range by site, 0.7-2.3). Of reported cases, 53.4% were male, 42.4% were white, 44.7% were aged 15 to 39 years, and 91.4% resided in urban areas. Reported risk factors were international travel (45.8%), contact with a case (14.8%), employee or child in a daycare center (7.6%), exposure during a food or waterborne common-source outbreak (7.2%), illicit drug use (4.3%), and men who had sex with men (3.9%). Genotypes among the 271 case specimens were IA (87.8%), IB (11.4%), and IIIA (0.7%). Of the 271 polymerase chain reaction-positive specimens, 131 (48.3%) were from cases reporting travel or exposure to a traveler; 58 of the 131 cases reported travel to Mexico, and 53 of the 58 were within the US-IA(1) cluster. Conclusions: International travel was the predominant risk factor for HAV transmission. Health care providers should encourage vaccination of at-risk travelers. C1 [Klevens, R. Monina; Miller, Jeremy T.; Iqbal, Kashif; Khudyakov, Yury; Xia, Guo-liang; Spradling, Philip] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Rizzo, Elena M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Hanson, Heather] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Sweet, Kristin] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Phan, Quyen] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. [Cronquist, Alicia] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov FU CDC FX Funding for this study was provided by the CDC to these health departments through a cooperative agreement in the Emerging Infections Program to conduct enhanced hepatitis surveillance. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 170 IS 20 BP 1811 EP 1818 DI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.401 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 676SC UT WOS:000283937600014 PM 21059974 ER PT J AU Syafruddin, D Hidayati, APN Asih, PBS Hawley, WA Sukowati, S Lobo, NF AF Syafruddin, Din Hidayati, Anggi P. N. Asih, Puji B. S. Hawley, William A. Sukowati, Supratman Lobo, Neil F. TI Detection of 1014F kdr mutation in four major Anopheline malaria vectors in Indonesia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GATED SODIUM-CHANNEL; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; PCR ASSAY; GAMBIAE; POPULATIONS; DDT; INSECTICIDES; ISLAND; GENE AB Background: Malaria is a serious public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in areas outside Java and Bali. The spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. To better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in Indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, Purworejo in Central Java, South Lampung District in Sumatera and South Halmahera District in North Mollucca. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected from the three areas through indoor and outdoor human landing catches (HLC) and indoor restinging catches. Specimens were identified morphologically by species and kept individually in 1.5 ml Eppendorf microtube. A fragment of the VGSC gene from 95 mosquito samples was sequenced and kdr allelic variation determined. Results: The molecular analysis of these anopheline mosquitoes revealed the existence of the 1014F allele in 4 major malaria vectors from South Lampung. These species include, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles vagus. The 1014F allele was not found in the other areas. Conclusion: The finding documents the presence of this mutant allele in Indonesia, and implies that selection pressure on the Anopheles population in this area has occurred. Further studies to determine the impact of the resistance allele on the efficacy of pyrethroids in control programmes are needed. C1 [Syafruddin, Din; Hidayati, Anggi P. N.; Asih, Puji B. S.] Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. [Syafruddin, Din] Hasanuddin Univ, Dept Parasitol, Makassar 90245, Indonesia. [Hawley, William A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Malaria & Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sukowati, Supratman] Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Hlth Ecol Res & Dev Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Lobo, Neil F.] Univ Notre Dame, Eck Inst Global Hlth, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Syafruddin, D (reprint author), Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Jalan Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. EM din@eijkman.go.id FU Eijkman Institute Jakarta; UNICEF Jakarta the National Institute of Health research and Development, Department of Health Jakarta; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [45114] FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Eijkman Institute Jakarta, UNICEF Jakarta the National Institute of Health research and Development, Department of Health Jakarta, and all collegues from MTC Indonesia. The authors wish to thank Prof. Frank Collins of the Notre Dame University and Tom Burkot Ph. D from CDC-Atlanta for their encouragement and support for this study, Brandy St Laurent of the Notre Dame University, and health professional staff at Lampung, Purworejo and Halmahera for their assistance during sample's collected.; This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded Malaria Transmission Consortium Grant # 45114. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 315 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-315 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 724TX UT WOS:000287600200001 PM 21054903 ER PT J AU Feachem, RGA Phillips, AA Hwang, J Cotter, C Wielgosz, B Greenwood, BM Sabot, O Rodriguez, MH Abeyasinghe, RR Ghebreyesus, TA Snow, RW AF Feachem, Richard G. A. Phillips, Allison A. Hwang, Jimee Cotter, Chris Wielgosz, Benjamin Greenwood, Brian M. Sabot, Oliver Henry Rodriguez, Mario Abeyasinghe, Rabindra R. Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom Snow, Robert W. TI Malaria Elimination 1 Shrinking the malaria map: progress and prospects SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; PRIVATE HEALTH-INSURANCE; GLOBAL PUBLIC-GOODS; VIVAX MALARIA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; AFRICA; ERADICATION; COMBINATION; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY AB In the past 150 years, roughly half of the countries in the world eliminated malaria. Nowadays, there are 99 endemic countries-67 are controlling malaria and 32 are pursuing an elimination strategy. This four-part Series presents evidence about the technical, operational, and financial dimensions of malaria elimination. The first paper in this Series reviews definitions of elimination and the state that precedes it: controlled low-endemic malaria. Feasibility assessments are described as a crucial step for a country transitioning from controlled low-endemic malaria to elimination. Characteristics of the 32 malaria-eliminating countries are presented, and contrasted with countries that pursued elimination in the past. Challenges and risks of elimination are presented, including Plasmodium vivax, resistance in the parasite and mosquito populations, and potential resurgence if investment and vigilance decrease. The benefits of elimination are outlined, specifically elimination as a regional and global public good. Priorities for the next decade are described. C1 [Feachem, Richard G. A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Global Hlth Sci, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wielgosz, Benjamin] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Greenwood, Brian M.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Sabot, Oliver] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Henry Rodriguez, Mario] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Abeyasinghe, Rabindra R.] Minist Hlth, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom] Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Snow, Robert W.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Snow, Robert W.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Ctr Vaccinol & Trop Med CCVTM, Oxford, England. RP Feachem, RGA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Global Hlth Sci, Global Hlth Grp, 50 Beale St,Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM feachemr@globalhealth.ucsf.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; ExxonMobil; Wellcome Trust [078925]; Kenyan Medical Research Institute (KEMRI); Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research; United States Agency for International Development; German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development; World Bank Group; Novartis; Pfizer FX The work of the Global Health Group on malaria elimination is supported by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and ExxonMobil. RWS is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow (#078925) and acknowledges the support of the Kenyan Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). BW is supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the World Bank Group. The authors acknowledge the members of the Malaria Elimination Group for reinvigorating the science and practice of malaria elimination. We are grateful to the five anonymous reviewers of this paper for their extremely helpful comments. We also thank Hyun-Ju Woo for invaluable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.; RGAF, CC, and AAP, work at the Global Health Group of the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. The Global Health Group exists in part to support countries that are embarked on an evidence-based pathway towards elimination. RRA, TAG, and MHR play leading roles in the malaria elimination programmes of Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, and Mexico, respectively. OS leads the malaria programme at the Clinton Health Access Initiative which actively supports malaria elimination in southern Africa. RGAF, AAP, BMG, OS, MHR, RRA, and RWS serve as members of the Malaria Elimination Group. RWS has received funding from Novartis for chairing meetings of national control programmes in Africa and has received a research grant from Pfizer. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their employing organisations nor of the sources of funding. NR 115 TC 193 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9752 BP 1566 EP 1578 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61270-6 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680QE UT WOS:000284248700034 PM 21035842 ER PT J AU Moonen, B Cohen, JM Snow, RW Slutsker, L Drakeley, C Smith, DL Abeyasinghe, RR Rodriguez, MH Maharaj, R Tanner, M Targett, G AF Moonen, Bruno Cohen, Justin M. Snow, Robert W. Slutsker, Laurence Drakeley, Chris Smith, David L. Abeyasinghe, Rabindra R. Henry Rodriguez, Mario Maharaj, Rajendra Tanner, Marcel Targett, Geoffrey TI Malaria Elimination 3 Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX-MALARIA; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PRIMAQUINE THERAPY; TREATMENT-SEEKING; GAMETOCYTE CARRIAGE; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION AB Present elimination strategies are based on recommendations derived during the Global Malaria Eradication Program of the 1960s. However, many countries considering elimination nowadays have high intrinsic transmission potential and, without the support of a regional campaign, have to deal with the constant threat of imported cases of the disease, emphasising the need to revisit the strategies on which contemporary elimination programmes are based. To eliminate malaria, programmes need to concentrate on identification and elimination of foci of infections through both passive and active methods of case detection. This approach needs appropriate treatment of both clinical cases and asymptomatic infections, combined with targeted vector control. Draining of infectious pools entirely will not be sufficient since they could be replenished by imported malaria. Elimination will thus additionally need identification and treatment of incoming infections before they lead to transmission, or, more realistically, embarking on regional initiatives to dry up importation at its source. C1 [Moonen, Bruno] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Moonen, Bruno] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Cohen, Justin M.] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Snow, Robert W.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Snow, Robert W.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. [Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Drakeley, Chris; Targett, Geoffrey] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Smith, David L.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Smith, David L.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Abeyasinghe, Rabindra R.] Minist Hlth, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Henry Rodriguez, Mario] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Maharaj, Rajendra] MRC, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Tanner, Marcel] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Tanner, Marcel] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. RP Moonen, B (reprint author), Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Timau Plaza,3rd Floor,Argwings Kodhek Rd,POB 2011, Nairobi, Kenya. EM bmoonen@clintonhealthaccess.org RI Smith, David/L-8850-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-4367-3849 FU Novartis; Pfizer; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; ExxonMobil; Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Wellcome Trust [079080, 078925] FX BM and (MC work within the malaria programme at the Clinton Health Access Initiative, which is supporting malaria elimination in southern Africa in collaboration with Global Health Group of the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. RA, MHR, and RM play leading roles in the elimination programmes of Sri Lanka, Mexico, and South Africa, respectively. MT. LS, and MHR are members of the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda project (MalERA) steering committee, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. MT is a scientific advisor to the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases board and is a board member of the UBS Optimus Foundation. BM, RWS, LS, DLS, ERA, MHR, RA, RM, MT, and GT serve as members of the Malaria Elimination Group. RWS has received funding from Novartis for chairing meetings of national control programmes in Africa and has received a research grant from Pfizer. CD declares that he has no conflicts of interest. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their employing organisations nor of the sources of funding.; BM and (MC acknowledge support from the Global Health Group of the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and ExxonMobil. DLS, BM, I MC, and GT acknowledge support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. DLS also acknowledges funding from the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. RWS is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow (#079080) and acknowledges the support of the Kenyan Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). CD is supported by the Wellcome Trust (#078925). We thank Majed Al-Zjedali, Kee Tai Goh, Allison Tatarsky, and Peter Chiodini for providing updated information used in the table; Chris Cotter and Allison Phillips who assisted in the literature review; Bernard Nahlen, G Dennis Shanks, and the Malaria Elimination Group for extensive comments on the report; and Kevin Baird for insights into P vivax treatment and John Silver for insights into vector behaviour. NR 109 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9752 BP 1592 EP 1603 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61269-X PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680QE UT WOS:000284248700036 PM 21035841 ER PT J AU Ned, RM Yesupriya, A Imperatore, G Smelser, DT Moonesinghe, R Chang, MH Dowling, NF AF Ned, Renee M. Yesupriya, Ajay Imperatore, Giuseppina Smelser, Diane T. Moonesinghe, Ramal Chang, Man-huei Dowling, Nicole F. TI Inflammation gene variants and susceptibility to albuminuria in the U. S. population: analysis in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1991-1994 SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; URINARY ALBUMIN; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; UNITED-STATES; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CLINICAL-PRACTICE AB Background: Albuminuria, a common marker of kidney damage, serves as an important predictive factor for the progression of kidney disease and for the development of cardiovascular disease. While the underlying etiology is unclear, chronic, low-grade inflammation is a suspected key factor. Genetic variants within genes involved in inflammatory processes may, therefore, contribute to the development of albuminuria. Methods: We evaluated 60 polymorphisms within 27 inflammatory response genes in participants from the second phase (1991-1994) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a population-based and nationally representative survey of the United States. Albuminuria was evaluated as logarithm-transformed albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), as ACR >= 30 mg/g, and as ACR above sex-specific thresholds. Multivariable linear regression and haplotype trend analyses were conducted to test for genetic associations in 5321 participants aged 20 years or older. Differences in allele and genotype distributions among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans were tested in additive and codominant genetic models. Results: Variants in several genes were found to be marginally associated (uncorrected P value < 0.05) with log (ACR) in at least one race/ethnic group, but none remained significant in crude or fully-adjusted models when correcting for the false-discovery rate (FDR). In analyses of sex-specific albuminuria, IL1B (rs1143623) among Mexican Americans remained significantly associated with increased odds, while IL1B (rs1143623), CRP (rs1800947) and NOS3 (rs2070744) were significantly associated with ACR >= 30 mg/g in this population (additive models, FDR-P < 0.05). In contrast, no variants were found to be associated with albuminuria among non-Hispanic blacks after adjustment for multiple testing. The only variant among non-Hispanic whites significantly associated with any outcome was TNF rs1800750, which failed the test for Hardy-Weinberg proportions in this population. Haplotypes within MBL2, CRP, ADRB2, IL4R, NOS3, and VDR were significantly associated (FDR-P < 0.05) with log(ACR) or albuminuria in at least one race/ethnic group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a small role for genetic variation within inflammation-related genes to the susceptibility to albuminuria. Additional studies are needed to further assess whether genetic variation in these, and untested, inflammation genes alter the susceptibility to kidney damage. C1 [Ned, Renee M.; Yesupriya, Ajay; Smelser, Diane T.; Chang, Man-huei; Dowling, Nicole F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smelser, Diane T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Human Genet Fellow, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moonesinghe, Ramal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ned, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RNed@cdc.gov RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HV-48195]; Office of Public Health Genomics at CDC FX This study was made possible through the efforts of the CDC/NCI NHANES III Genomics Working Group and funding by the Office of Public Health Genomics at CDC. For the nine polymorphisms genotyped by the custom Illumina GoldenGate assay, genotyping services were provided by the Johns Hopkins University under U. S. Federal Government contract number N01-HV-48195 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Special thanks to Muin J. Khoury, M. D., Ph.D. (Director of the Office of Public Health Genomics at CDC) for oversight of the project and to the staff of the Research Data Center at NCHS for their data support and assistance in disclosure review. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2350 J9 BMC MED GENET JI BMC Med. Genet. PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 155 DI 10.1186/1471-2350-11-155 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 684VU UT WOS:000284582900001 PM 21054877 ER PT J AU Domeika, M Bashmakova, M Savicheva, A Kolomiec, N Sokolovskiy, E Hallen, A Unemo, M Ballard, RC AF Domeika, M. Bashmakova, M. Savicheva, A. Kolomiec, N. Sokolovskiy, E. Hallen, A. Unemo, M. Ballard, R. C. CA EE SRH Network TI Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes in eastern European countries SO EUROSURVEILLANCE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; VIRAL-ISOLATION; DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; RAPID DETECTION; NATIONAL-SURVEY; INFECTION; CULTURE; PCR AB These guidelines aim to provide comprehensive information about sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and its laboratory diagnosis in eastern European countries. They are primarily intended for professionals testing specimens from patients at a sexual healthcare clinic but may also be helpful for community-based screening programmes. In particular, the guidelines recommend: (i) either viral culture or validated and approved nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) as the tests of choice for symptomatic patients, which should be promoted for laboratory confirmation of HSV infection; (ii) if culture or NAATs are not available, antigen detection - a direct immunofluorescence test or enzyme immunoassay from samples from symptomatic patients - could be employed, but HSV type determination is of importance; (iii) only type-specific serology should be used for detecting asymptomatic individuals, testing pregnant women at risk of acquiring HSV infection close to delivery, men who have sex with men and people who are HIV positive; (iv) widespread screening for HSV antibodies should be discouraged; and (v) any non-validated diagnostic tests should be validated against a recommended, approved gold standard. C1 [Domeika, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bashmakova, M.; Savicheva, A.] DO Ott Inst Obstet & Gynaecol, Microbiol Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. [Kolomiec, N.] Belarus Med Acad Postgrad Studies, Dept Microbiol, Minsk, Byelarus. [Sokolovskiy, E.] Pavlov State Med Univ, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Hallen, A.] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Unemo, M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Orebro, Sweden. [Ballard, R. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Domeika, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. EM marius.domeika@medsci.uu.se FU East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Care Community; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) FX These guidelines were written on behalf of the STI Diagnostic Group of the EE SRH Network, which is supported by grants from the East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Care Community, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The project coordinator is Marius Domeika. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU EUR CENTRE DIS PREVENTION & CONTROL PI STOCKHOLM PA TOMTEBODAVAGEN 11A, STOCKHOLM, 171 83, SWEDEN SN 1560-7917 J9 EUROSURVEILLANCE JI Eurosurveillance PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 15 IS 44 BP 21 EP 27 AR 19703 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 675RN UT WOS:000283848600004 ER PT J AU Dube, SR McClave, A James, C Caraballo, R Kaufmann, R Pechacek, T AF Dube, S. R. McClave, A. James, C. Caraballo, R. Kaufmann, R. Pechacek, T. TI Vital Signs: Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults Aged >= 18 Years-United States, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1135-1140, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Dube, S. R.; McClave, A.; James, C.; Caraballo, R.; Kaufmann, R.; Pechacek, T.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 17 BP 1889 EP 1891 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 674GT UT WOS:000283725900009 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, RB Babb, S O'Halloran, A Asman, K Bishop, E Tynan, M Caraballo, RS Pechacek, TF Bernert, JT Blount, B AF Kaufmann, R. B. Babb, S. O'Halloran, A. Asman, K. Bishop, E. Tynan, M. Caraballo, R. S. Pechacek, T. F. Bernert, J. T. Blount, B. TI Vital Signs: Nonsmokers' Exposure to Secondhand Smoke-United States, 1999-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 1141-1146, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Kaufmann, R. B.; Babb, S.; O'Halloran, A.; Asman, K.; Bishop, E.; Tynan, M.; Caraballo, R. S.; Pechacek, T. F.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bernert, J. T.; Blount, B.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaufmann, RB (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 17 BP 1892 EP 1894 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 674GT UT WOS:000283725900010 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Carlson, SA Craig, CL Cameron, C Troiano, RP Pratt, M AF Fulton, Janet E. Carlson, Susan A. Craig, Cora L. Cameron, Christine Troiano, Richard P. Pratt, Michael TI From Physical Activity Guidelines to Public Health Policies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE recommendations; exercise; surveillance; international C1 [Fulton, Janet E.; Carlson, Susan A.; Pratt, Michael] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Craig, Cora L.; Cameron, Christine] Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Troiano, Richard P.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD NOV PY 2010 VL 7 SU 3 BP S347 EP S349 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 679RR UT WOS:000284179000025 ER PT J AU Lenaway, D AF Lenaway, D. TI Leadership in development of public health services and performance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lenaway, D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Publ Hlth Performance Stand Programme, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2010 VL 20 SU 1 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 673PR UT WOS:000283675900046 ER PT J AU Lenaway, D AF Lenaway, D. TI US health reform legislation: Policy implications for public health SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lenaway, D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM drl7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2010 VL 20 SU 1 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 673PR UT WOS:000283675900562 ER PT J AU Joseph, DA AF Joseph, Djenaba A. TI Association Between Glomerular Filtration Rate, Free, Total, and Percent Free Prostate-specific Antigen REPLY SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joseph, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.002 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 675QD UT WOS:000283844600006 ER PT J AU Birdsey, J Alterman, T Li, J Petersen, MR Sestito, J AF Birdsey, Jan Alterman, Toni Li, Jia Petersen, Martin R. Sestito, John TI Mortality Among Members of a Truck Driver Trade Association SO AAOHN JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIESEL EXHAUST EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER; BLADDER-CANCER; INDUSTRY; RISK; WORKERS; STATES; BIAS AB Previous studies report that truck drivers are at increased risk for illness and on-the-job mortality. It is unknown whether owner-operator truck drivers face the same risks as employee drivers, yet few studies have targeted owner-operators as a study population. This study examined the overall and cause-specific mortality ratios for a cohort with owner-operator truck drivers constituting 69% of the study population. Of the 26 major disease classifications and 92 specific causes of death examined, only mortality due to transportation accidents was significantly elevated (standardized mortality ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval = 1.36-1.70). Leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, although risk was below that of the general population. Transportation accidents pose a particular hazard for members of the trade association. The absence of excess disease mortality deserves careful interpretation, and may be due to both a strong healthy worker effect and a short monitoring period. C1 [Birdsey, Jan; Alterman, Toni; Li, Jia; Petersen, Martin R.; Sestito, John] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Birdsey, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R18, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JBirdsey@cdc.gov OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0891-0162 J9 AAOHN J JI AAOHN J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 11 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.3928/08910162-20101018-01 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 679SL UT WOS:000284181000004 PM 20964270 ER PT J AU Stein, AD Kahn, HS Lumey, LH AF Stein, Aryeh D. Kahn, Henry S. Lumey, L. H. TI The 2D:4D Digit Ratio Is Not a Useful Marker for Prenatal Famine Exposure: Evidence from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; LIPID PROFILES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; 2D4D RESEARCH; WOMEN; GESTATION; BIRTH; MEN; 2ND; UNDERNUTRITION AB Objectives: Digit lengths, and in particular the ratio of the 2nd (2D) to 4th (4D) digit (2D:4D), are stable in adulthood and have been linked to characteristics thought to have developmental origins, but little research has focused on early life determinants of these measures. We examined whether exposure to acute famine during specific periods of gestation was associated with 2D, 4D or the 2D:4D ratio. Methods: We studied men and women (1) born in one of three hospitals in western Netherlands whose mothers were exposed to a limited period of famine immediately prior to or during the pregnancy (n = 337); (2) born in the same hospitals to mothers not exposed to famine during the pregnancy (n = 271) or same-sex siblings of individuals in Groups 1 and 2 (n = 295). We measured 2D and 4D on both hands using calipers and computed the 2D:4D ratio. Results: Mean 2D and 4D lengths were 73.5 (SD 5.1) and 75.0 (5.4) mm, respectively. The 2D:4D ratio was 0.981 (SD 0.030). Both 2D and 4D were associated with male gender and height (all P < 0.001), and weakly with BMI. The 2D:4D ratio was 0.0070 (95% confidence interval 0.0017, 0.0123) lower among males as compared with females, and was not significantly associated with height (0.0002 per cm; 95% 0.0001, 0.0005). The 2D:4D ratio was not significantly associated with exposure to famine, overall (-0.0010, 95% CI 0.0030, 0.0050) or within any period of gestation. Conclusions: The 2D:4D ratio is not significantly affected by prenatal exposure to famine and therefore is not a useful marker for generalized prenatal undernutrition. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:801-806, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kahn, Henry S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lumey, L. H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Stein, AD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 748, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Aryeh.stein@emory.edu; lumey@columbia.edu OI Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU National Institutes of Health, USA [RO1 HL067914, R01 AG-028593] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health, USA; Contract grant numbers: RO1 HL067914, R01 AG-028593. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1002/ajhb.21085 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 673OU UT WOS:000283673600010 PM 20721977 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Menendez, CC Robertson, MM Amick, BC Johnson, PW del Pino, RJ Dennerlein, JT AF Chang, Che-hsu (Joe) Menendez, Cammie Chaumont Robertson, Michelle M. Amick, Benjamin C., III Johnson, Peter W. del Pino, Rosa J. Dennerlein, Jack T. TI Daily Self-Reports Resulted in Information Bias When Assessing Exposure Duration to Computer Use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; musculoskeletal disorders; computer use; self-report ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; OFFICE WORKERS; SYMPTOMS; QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; STUDENTS; USAGE AB Background Self-reported exposure duration to computer use is widely used in exposure assessment, and this study examined the associated information bias in a repeated measures setting. Methods For 3 weeks, 30 undergraduate students reported daily cumulative computer-use duration and musculoskeletal symptoms at four random times per day. Usage-monitor software installed onto participant's personal computers provided the reference measure. We compared daily self-reported and software-recorded duration, and modeled the effect of musculoskeletal symptoms on observed differences. Results The relationships between daily self-reported and software-recorded computer-use duration varied greatly across subject with Spearman's correlations ranging from -0.22 to 0.8. Self-reports generally overestimated computer use when software-recorded durations were less than 3.6 hr, and underestimated when above 3.6 hr Experiencing symptoms was related to a 0.15-hr increase in self-reported duration after controlling for software-recorded duration. Conclusions Daily self-reported computer-use duration had a weak-to-moderate correlation with software-recorded duration, and their relationship changed slightly with musculoskeletal symptoms. Self-reports resulted in both non-differential and differential information bias. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1142-1149,2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Chang, Che-hsu (Joe); Dennerlein, Jack T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chang, Che-hsu (Joe); Robertson, Michelle M.] Liberty Mutual Res Inst Safety, Hopkinton, MA USA. [Menendez, Cammie Chaumont] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Amick, Benjamin C., III] Inst Work & Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Amick, Benjamin C., III; del Pino, Rosa J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Johnson, Peter W.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dennerlein, Jack T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dennerlein, JT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jax@hsph.harvard.edu RI Johnson, Peter/C-3046-2011; OI Johnson, Peter/0000-0001-5583-5919; Dennerlein, Jack/0000-0001-7703-643X FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at Harvard University [1R01OH03997-01]; NIOSH/CDC at the University of Texas School of Public Health [T42CCT610417]; Office Ergonomics Research Committee; Liberty Mutual-Harvard School of Public Health FX This work was partly supported by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Grant (1R01OH03997-01) at Harvard University, another NIOSH/CDC grant at the University of Texas School of Public Health (T42CCT610417), the Office Ergonomics Research Committee and the Liberty Mutual-Harvard School of Public Health joint post-doctoral fellowship. The authors would also like to acknowledge Miss Jenn Ibbotson for her assistance in the software programming and data analysis. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1142 EP 1149 DI 10.1002/ajim.20878 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 672DQ UT WOS:000283563600010 PM 20632313 ER PT J AU Cardo, D Dennehy, PH Halverson, P Fishman, N Kohn, M Murphy, CL Whitley, RJ AF Cardo, Denise Dennehy, Penelope H. Halverson, Paul Fishman, Neil Kohn, Mel Murphy, Cathryn L. Whitley, Richard J. CA HAI Elimination White Paper\ TI Moving toward elimination of healthcare-associated infections: A call to action SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; SAFETY C1 [Cardo, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30039 USA. RP Cardo, D (reprint author), Care of Elizabeth L Skillen, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30039 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 9 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.09.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672KS UT WOS:000283582500005 PM 21058460 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA AF Boulet, Sheree L. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Maternal Body Mass Index as a Risk Factor for Craniosynostosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Letter ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; OBESITY C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Honein, Margaret A.; Natl Birth Defects Prevention] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD NOV PY 2010 VL 152A IS 11 BP 2895 EP 2897 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.33668 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 677QA UT WOS:000284005700040 PM 20830803 ER PT J AU Aburto, NJ Pevzner, E Lopez-Ridaura, R Rojas, R Lopez-Gatell, H Lazcano, E Hernandez-Avila, M Harrington, TA AF Aburto, Nancy J. Pevzner, Eric Lopez-Ridaura, Ruy Rojas, Rosalba Lopez-Gatell, Hugo Lazcano, Eduardo Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio Harrington, Theresa A. TI Knowledge and Adoption of Community Mitigation Efforts in Mexico During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; NONPHARMACEUTICAL INTERVENTIONS; RISK COMMUNICATION; US CITIES; INFLUENZA; EPIDEMIC; BIOTERRORISM; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; PREVENT AB Background: The public's ability and willingness to adopt community mitigation efforts during a pandemic are debated in the literature. Purpose: Awareness and adoption of community mitigation efforts in Mexico during the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) outbreak were measured to evaluate if the population received, understood, and acted on public health messages. Methods: A cross-sectional representative household survey in Mexico City; San Luis Potosi (high case ratio); and Queretaro (low case ratio) was conducted in May and June 2009. Accounting for the complex survey design, percentages and 95% CI for answers to all questions were generated and compared based on living inside or outside Mexico City, high versus low prevalence of infection in the community, and perceived severity and knowledge of the virus. Results: Greater than 90% of respondents received community mitigation messages and adopted one or more community mitigation efforts. There were few differences among cities. Respondents reported high cost of masks, soaps, and gels as barriers to community mitigation-effort adoption. Nearly one fifth of respondents, disproportionally from the lower socioeconomic tertile, found some messages confusing. Half of all households reported a negative economic impact resulting from the outbreak. Conclusions: Mexico's community mitigation campaign reached the majority of the population in three surveyed cities. Confusion regarding messages and economic barriers to community mitigation-effort adoption were sometimes reported. (Am J Prev Med 2010;39(5):395-402) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Lopez-Ridaura, Ruy; Lazcano, Eduardo] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. [Lopez-Gatell, Hugo; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio] Minist Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Aburto, Nancy J.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pevzner, Eric] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harrington, Theresa A.] CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lopez-Ridaura, R (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Ave Univ 655,Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. EM rlridaura@insp.mx RI Rojas, Rosalba/C-8714-2014 FU CDC FX This investigation was funded by the CDC. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 665TQ UT WOS:000283058800002 PM 20965376 ER PT J AU Trogdon, JG Nurmagambetov, TA Thompson, HF AF Trogdon, Justin G. Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A. Thompson, Hope F. TI The Economic Implications of Influenza Vaccination for Adults with Asthma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PERSONS; SELF-SELECTION; WORKING ADULTS; HEALTH; CARE; EXACERBATIONS AB Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended for adults with asthma. Purpose: This study estimates the effect of influenza vaccination on utilization of medical services and expenditures for acute and chronic respiratory conditions (ACRC) among adults with asthma. Methods: The sample was adults aged >= 18 years self-reporting asthma in the 2003 through 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), covering four complete influenza seasons. The dependent variables were indicators for any ACRC claims within service category and ACRC expenditures. The main independent variable was an indicator of influenza vaccination. To control for selection bias in the observational data, a nonlinear instrumental variables approach was used. The instruments were indicators for influenza in the first year of MEPS and vaccination in the year prior to MEPS. Data were analyzed in 2009. Results: Adults with asthma vaccinated for influenza were 4.4 percentage points less likely to have an inpatient stay due to ACRC (95% CI = -10.8, -1.0). Influenza vaccination was associated with a $492 decrease (95% CI = -$1591, -$56) in annual ACRC nonprescription expenditures, a $224 increase (95% CI = $70, $360) in annual ACRC prescription expenditures, and a nonsignificant $216 decrease (95% CI = -$854, $248) in overall annual ACRC expenditures. Conclusions: Although there was no evidence that vaccination reduced overall ACRC expenditures, the study suggests that efforts to increase the percentage of adults with asthma who are vaccinated may bring substantial benefits in terms of reducing the prevalence and costs of hospitalization although raising prescription medication costs, possibly through improvement in compliance. (Am J Prev Med 2010;39(5):403-410) (C) 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Trogdon, Justin G.; Thompson, Hope F.] RTI Int, Publ Hlth Econ Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nurmagambetov, Tursynbek A.] CDC, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trogdon, JG (reprint author), 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jtrogdon@rti.org NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.012 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 665TQ UT WOS:000283058800003 PM 20965377 ER PT J AU Klabunde, CN Marcus, PM Silvestri, GA Han, PKJ Richards, TB Yuan, GG Marcus, SE Vernon, SW AF Klabunde, Carrie N. Marcus, Pamela M. Silvestri, Gerard A. Han, Paul K. J. Richards, Thomas B. Yuan, Gigi Marcus, Stephen E. Vernon, Sally W. TI U.S. Primary Care Physicians' Lung Cancer Screening Beliefs and Recommendations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SOCIETY GUIDELINES; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; UNITED-STATES; VIGNETTES; QUALITY; PROSTATE; PROGRAM; TESTS AB Background: No high-quality study to date has shown that screening reduces lung cancer mortality, and expert groups do not recommend screening for asymptomatic individuals. Nevertheless, lung cancer screening tests are available in the U.S., and primary care physicians (PCPs) may have a role in recommending them to patients. Purpose: This study describes U.S. PCPs' beliefs about and recommendations for lung cancer screening and examines characteristics of PCPs who recommend screening. Methods: A nationally representative survey of practicing PCPs was conducted in 2006-2007. Mailed questionnaires were used to assess PCPs' beliefs about lung cancer screening guidelines and the effectiveness of screening tests and to determine whether PCPs would recommend screening for asymptomatic patients. Data were analyzed in 2009. Results: Nine hundred sixty-two PCPs completed the survey (absolute response rate = 70.6%; cooperation rate = 76.8%). One quarter said that major guidelines support lung cancer screening. Two thirds said that low-radiation dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening is very or somewhat effective in reducing lung cancer mortality in current smokers; LDCT was perceived as more effective than chest x-ray or sputum cytology. Responding to vignettes describing asymptomatic patients of varying smoking exposure, 67% of PCPs recommended lung cancer screening for at least one of the vignettes. Most PCPs recommending screening said they would use chest x-ray; up to 26% would use LDCT. In adjusted analyses, PCPs' beliefs and practice style were strongly associated with their lung cancer screening recommendations. Conclusions: Many PCPs' lung cancer screening beliefs and recommendations are inconsistent with current evidence and guidelines. Provider education regarding the evidence base and guideline content of lung cancer screening is indicated. (Am J Prev Med 2010;39(5):411-420) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Klabunde, Carrie N.; Han, Paul K. J.; Marcus, Stephen E.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Marcus, Pamela M.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Richards, Thomas B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yuan, Gigi] Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Silvestri, Gerard A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Vernon, Sally W.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Klabunde, CN (reprint author), NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, EPN 4005,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM KlabundC@mail.nih.gov OI Han, Paul/0000-0003-0165-1940 FU National Cancer Institute [N02-PC-51308]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [Y3-PC-5019-01, Y3-PC-5019-02]; CDC [Y3-PC-6017-01] FX Funding support for this study was provided by the National Cancer Institute (contract number N02-PC-51308), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (inter-agency agreement numbers Y3-PC-5019-01 and Y3-PC-5019-02), and the CDC (inter-agency agreement number Y3-PC-6017-01). NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.004 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 665TQ UT WOS:000283058800004 PM 20965378 ER PT J AU Blitvich, BJ Firth, AE Wills, NM Brault, AC Miller, CL Atkins, JF AF Blitvich, Bradley J. Firth, Andrew E. Wills, Norma M. Brault, Aaron C. Miller, Cathy L. Atkins, John F. TI EVIDENCE FOR RIBOSOMAL FRAMESHIFTING AND A NOVEL OVERLAPPING GENE IN THE GENOMES OF INSECT-SPECIFIC FLAVIVIRUSES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Blitvich, Bradley J.; Miller, Cathy L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Firth, Andrew E.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Wills, Norma M.; Atkins, John F.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Brault, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 8 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700009 ER PT J AU Kent, RJ Burkhalter, K Mead, D Kelly, R Brown, J Varnado, W Roy, A Miller, B Nasci, R AF Kent, Rebekah J. Burkhalter, Kristen Mead, Daniel Kelly, Rosmarie Brown, Jeffrey Varnado, Wendy Roy, Alma Miller, Barry Nasci, Roger TI CULEX FLAVIVIRUS AND WEST NILE VIRUS IN CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Kent, Rebekah J.; Burkhalter, Kristen; Miller, Barry; Nasci, Roger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mead, Daniel] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Kelly, Rosmarie] Publ Hlth Epidemiol Branch, Georgia Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Jeffrey; Varnado, Wendy] Mississippi Dept Hlth, Environm Serv, Jackson, MS USA. [Roy, Alma] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 9 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700010 ER PT J AU Diaz, LA Goni, S Iserte, J Logue, C Singh, A Powers, A Contigiani, MS AF Adrian Diaz, Luis Goni, Sandra Iserte, Javier Logue, Cristopher Singh, Amber Powers, Ann Contigiani, Marta S. TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF EPIDEMIC AND NON-EPIDEMIC ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (SLEV) STRAINS ISOLATED IN ARGENTINA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Adrian Diaz, Luis; Contigiani, Marta S.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Virol Dr JM Vanella, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Goni, Sandra; Iserte, Javier] Univ Nacl Quilmes, Lab Ingn Genet Biol Celular & Mol, Quilmes, Argentina. [Logue, Cristopher; Singh, Amber; Powers, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 10 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700011 ER PT J AU Loharikar, A Russo, E Sheth, A Menon, M Kudzala, A Tauzie, B Masuku, H Quick, R AF Loharikar, Anagha Russo, Elizabeth Sheth, Anandi Menon, Manoj Kudzala, Amose Tauzie, Blessius Masuku, Humphreys Quick, Robert TI LONG-TERM IMPACT OF INTEGRATION OF HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT AND HYGIENE PROMOTION WITH ANTENATAL SERVICES ON MATERNAL HOUSEHOLD HYGIENE PRACTICES IN MALAWI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Loharikar, Anagha; Russo, Elizabeth; Sheth, Anandi; Menon, Manoj; Quick, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kudzala, Amose; Tauzie, Blessius] UNICEF, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Masuku, Humphreys] Minist Hlth Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 25 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700026 ER PT J AU Taylor, EV Alemayehu, S Fantu, R Quick, R Bhattarai, A Marston, B Belayneh, Y Sewnet, T O'Reilly, CE AF Taylor, Ethel V. Alemayehu, Sisay Fantu, Ribka Quick, Robert Bhattarai, Achuyt Marston, Barbara Belayneh, Yordanos Sewnet, Tegene O'Reilly, Ciara E. TI IMPACT OF BASIC CARE PACKAGE DISTRIBUTION ON THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS-ETHIOPIA, 2009 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Taylor, Ethel V.; Quick, Robert; Bhattarai, Achuyt; Marston, Barbara; O'Reilly, Ciara E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Alemayehu, Sisay; Fantu, Ribka] CDC Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Belayneh, Yordanos; Sewnet, Tegene] Dr Michaels Publ Hlth Consulting Serv, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RI Bhattarai, Achuyt/B-8760-2008 OI Bhattarai, Achuyt/0000-0002-0514-4850 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 24 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700025 ER EF