FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tak, S Davis, RR Calvert, GM AF Tak, SangWoo Davis, Rickie R. Calvert, Geoffrey M. TI Exposure to Hazardous Workplace Noise and Use of Hearing Protection Devices Among US Workers - NHANES, 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE noise-induced hearing loss; industry; occupation; national estimates; surveillance; national survey ID CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; FARMERS; INTERVENTION; CONSERVATION; INDUSTRY; WORKING AB Background To estimate the prevalence of workplace noise exposure and use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) at noisy work, NIOSH analyzed 1999-2004 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods A total of 9,2 75 currently employed workers aged >= 16 years were included in the weighted analysis. Hazardous workplace noise exposure was defined as self-reported exposure to noise at their current job that was so loud that the respondent had to speak in a raised voice to be heard. Industry and occupation were determined based on the respondent's current place and type of work. Results Twenty-two million US workers (17%) reported exposure to hazardous workplace noise. The weighted prevalence of workplace noise exposure was highest for mining (76%, SE = 7.0) followed by lumber/wood product manufacturing (55%, SE = 2.5). High-risk occupations included repair and maintenance, motor vehicle operators, and construction trades. Overall, 34% of the estimated 22 million US workers reporting hazardous workplace exposure reported non-use of HPDs. The proportion of noise-exposed workers who reported non-use of HPDs was highest for healthcare and social set-vices (73.7%, SE = 8.1), followed by educational services (55.5%). Discussion Hearing loss prevention and intervention programs should be targeted at those industries and occupations identified to have a high prevalence of workplace noise exposure and those industries with the highest proportion of noise-exposed workers who reported non-use of HPDs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:358-371, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Tak, SangWoo; Calvert, Geoffrey M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Davis, Rickie R.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tak, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM stak@cdc.gov RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 42 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 358 EP 371 DI 10.1002/ajim.20690 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 436RC UT WOS:000265431400002 PM 19267354 ER PT J AU Toscano, CM Bell, M Zukerman, C Shelton, W Novicki, TJ Nichols, WG Corey, L Jarvis, WR AF Toscano, Cristiana M. Bell, Michael Zukerman, Carol Shelton, Will Novicki, Thomas J. Nichols, W. Garrett Corey, Lawrence Jarvis, William R. TI Gram-negative bloodstream infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: The roles of needleless device use, bathing practices, and catheter care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HOME INFUSION THERAPY; INTRAVENOUS SYSTEM; ACCESS DEVICES; UNIT; IMPLEMENTATION; RATES; RISK AB Background: Between August I and October 30, 1998 (outbreak period), an increased incidence of central venous catheter (CVC)-associated gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) was detected in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) candidates and recipients in an outpatient HSCT unit. The objectives of the present study were to determine strategies for controlling the outbreak and identify risk factors for GN-BSI. Methods: Two case-control studies, an assessment of infection control practices, microbiologic studies, and water quality analysis were conducted. A case was defined as any outpatient with a CVC and a primary GN-BSI during the outbreak period. Results: All of the 31 case patients identified had needleless intravenous (IV) access devices. independent risk factors for CVC-associated GN-BSI were self-administered IV infusion (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2: P = .02), lower frequency of needleless device changes (OR = 15.2: P = .03). and more frequent baths (OR = 1.4 P = .05). interventions included increased frequency of needleless device change, recommending showers rather than baths, and use of CVC protection during showering/bathing. After these interventions, the CVC-associated GN-BSI rate declined to below the preoutbreak period rate (2.1/1000 vs 0.3/1000 CVC-days; P < .01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated an increased risk of CVC-associated GN-BSIs related to self-IV infusion, bathing habits, and frequency of needleless device change. Infection control practices associated with the use of needleless devices may expose susceptible patients to increased risk for BSI. Copyright (C) 2009 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (Am J Infect Control 2009;37:327-34.) C1 [Toscano, Cristiana M.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bell, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zukerman, Carol; Shelton, Will] Swedish Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA USA. [Novicki, Thomas J.] Marshfield Labs Marshfield Clin, Marshfield, WI USA. [Nichols, W. Garrett] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Greenford, Middx, England. [Corey, Lawrence] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Jarvis, William R.] Jason & Jarvis Associates, Hilton Head Isl, SC USA. RP Toscano, CM (reprint author), WHO, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ctoscano@terra.com.br RI Iats, Inct/K-2300-2013 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.012 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 444LJ UT WOS:000265982200012 PM 19406332 ER PT J AU Keenan, JD Fan, AZ Klein, R AF Keenan, Jeremy D. Fan, Amy Z. Klein, Ronald TI Retinopathy in Nondiabetic Persons with the Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; RISK-FACTORS; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; JAPANESE POPULATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; INCREASED PREVALENCE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE AB PURPOSE: To study whether the metabolic syndrome is associated with retinopathy independent of the presence of diabetes. DESIGN: Nationally representative, population-based, cross,sectional study. METHODS: The association between the metabolic syndrome and retinopathy was studied in persons 40 years of age and older with gradable fundus photographs in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Fundus photographs were graded for retinopathy, and clinical and laboratory data were used to define the metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression was performed using the presence of the metabolic syndrome or one of the metabolic syndrome components as the independent variable and with the presence of retinopathy as the dependent variable. The main outcome measures were the odds ratios (OR) of retinopathy in persons with the metabolic syndrome, analyzed both for the total NHANES III population (n = 8,205) and for those in the nondiabetic population (n = 6,582). RESULTS: 5.4% of all persons and 3.5% of nondiabetic persons from the civilian noninstitutionalized United States population 40 years of age and older had retinopathy, as estimated from NHANES III sample. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome and retinopathy (OR, 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69 to 2.95) disappeared in analyses stratified by diabetes status. Among the nondiabetic population, there was no association between the metabolic syndrome and retinopathy (OR, 1.23; 95%) CI, 0.77 to 1.99), but there was an association between high blood pressure and retinopathy (OR, 1.61; 950% CI, 1.09 to 2.37). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based, cross-sectional study, there was no evidence of an association between the metabolic syndrome and retinopathy independent of diabetes status. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the significance of the metabolic syndrome for predicting risk of ocular and systemic disease independent of diabetes. (Am J Ophthalmol 2009;147:934-944. (c) 2009 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) C1 [Keenan, Jeremy D.] Univ Illinois, Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Fan, Amy Z.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klein, Ronald] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Keenan, JD (reprint author), 95 Kirkham St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM jeremy.keenan@ucsf.edu OI Klein, Ronald/0000-0002-4428-6237 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 147 IS 5 BP 934 EP 944 DI 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.12.009 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 441IQ UT WOS:000265762900028 PM 19243735 ER PT J AU Wray, RJ Buskirk, TD Jupka, K Lapka, C Jacobsen, H Pakpahan, R Gary, E Wortley, P AF Wray, Ricardo J. Buskirk, Trent D. Jupka, Keri Lapka, Christy Jacobsen, Heather Pakpahan, Ratna Gary, Edith Wortley, Pascale TI Influenza Vaccination Concerns Among Older Blacks A Randomized Controlled Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; HEALTHY; RATES AB Context: Vaccination can decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza, yet vaccination rates remain low, especially among minority groups. Previous Studies have found that important barriers to vaccination include the fear of adverse reactions and concern that the vaccine causes influenza. Background: This research aimed to assess the effects of messages designed to address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination among blacks aged >= 50 years. Design: In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2007 with pre-exposure and post-exposure measurements, participants were randomly assigned to read either the vaccine safety messages (VSM) developed for the study (treatment condition) or the vaccine information statement (VIS) currently given to those getting the vaccine (control condition). Setting/participants: A total of 108 participants participated ill the Study. Data were collected in either participants' residences, community settings, or university conference rooms. Main outcome measures: Influenza vaccine-related beliefs and intention to receive vaccination were assessed. Results: Data analysis in 2007 and 2008 found that the randomization hypotheses of equal groups were retained. Participants exposed to the VSM showed greater improvement in post-exposure beliefs about low the vaccine works (p=0.0006) and the transmission of the fill (p=0.0034) as well as greater post-exposure disagreement with the belief that the vaccine causes influenza (p=0.0411). Conclusions: The VSM. affected beliefs, about vaccine safety and effectiveness to a greater degree than did the VIS. These findings show that VSM are effective ill changing beliefs empirically linked with influenza vaccination and vaccination disparities. The dissemination of VSM to older blacks may increase vaccination rates and reduce vaccination disparities. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(5):429-434) (c) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Wray, Ricardo J.; Buskirk, Trent D.; Jupka, Keri] St Louis Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Lapka, Christy] Washington Univ, Sch Med, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Jacobsen, Heather] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Hlth Commun Res Lab, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Pakpahan, Ratna] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Gary, Edith; Wortley, Pascale] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wray, RJ (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Room 457, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM wray@slu.edu FU National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC to the Prevention Research Center at the Saint Louis University School of Public Health [U48/CCU710806, U48/DP000060, SIP 11-04-04003] FX This research was funded Under grants #U48/CCU710806 and #U48/DP000060, SIP 11-04-04003 of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC to the Prevention Research Center at the Saint Louis University School of Public Health. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.025 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 435AI UT WOS:000265315200009 PM 19269130 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Onikpo, F Lama, M Osterholt, DM Rowe, SY Deming, MS AF Rowe, Alexander K. Onikpo, Faustin Lama, Marcel Osterholt, Dawn M. Rowe, Samantha Y. Deming, Michael S. TI A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Health Worker Adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines in Benin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; CARE QUALITY; FACILITIES; TANZANIA; STRATEGY; CHILDREN; IMCI AB Objectives. We evaluated an intervention to support health workers after training in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), a strategy that can improve outcomes for children in developing countries by encouraging workers' use of evidence-based guidelines for managing the leading causes of child mortality. Methods. We conducted a randomized trial in Benin. We administered a survey in 1999 to assess health care quality before IMCI training. Health workers then received training plus either study supports (job aids, nonfinancial incentives, and supervision of workers and supervisors) or usual supports. Follow-up surveys conducted in 2001 to 2004 assessed recommended treatment, recommended or adequate treatment, and an index of overall guideline adherence. Results. We analyzed 1244 consultations. Performance improved in both intervention and control groups, with no significant differences between groups. However, training proceeded slowly, and low-quality care from health workers without IMCI training diluted intervention effects. Per-protocol analyses revealed that workers with IMCI training plus study supports provided better care than did those with training plus usual supports (27.3 percentage-point difference for recommended treatment; P<.05), and both groups outperformed untrained workers. Conclusions. IMCI training was useful but insufficient. Relatively inexpensive supports can lead to additional improvements. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99: 837-846. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134411) C1 [Rowe, Alexander K.; Deming, Michael S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Onikpo, Faustin] Minist Hlth, Dept Direct Publ Hlth Oueme & Plateau, Porto Novo, Benin. [Lama, Marcel] Africare Benin, Porto Novo, Benin. [Osterholt, Dawn M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Gen & Community Pediat Res, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development's Africa Integrated Malaria Initiative [936-3100] FX Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development's Africa Integrated Malaria Initiative (project 936-3100). NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 837 EP 846 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.134411 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 441ZI UT WOS:000265808800017 PM 19299681 ER PT J AU Kim, SY England, LJ Kendrick, JS Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM AF Kim, Shin Y. England, Lucinda J. Kendrick, Juliette S. Dietz, Patricia M. Callaghan, William M. TI The Contribution of Clinic-Based Interventions to Reduce Prenatal Smoking Prevalence Among US Women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLICY EVALUATION PROJECT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CESSATION INTERVENTION; MATERNAL SMOKING; PROGRAM; TOBACCO; CARE; PREVENTION; RELAPSE AB Objectives. We sought to estimate the effect of universal implementation of a clinic-based, psychosocial smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women. Methods. We used data from US birth certificates (2005) and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2004) to estimate the number of women smoking at conception. To calculate the number of women eligible to receive the cessation intervention, we used estimates from the literature of the percentage of women who quit spontaneously (23%), entered prenatal care before the third trimester (96.5%), and disclosed smoking to their provider (75%). We used the pooled relative risk (RR) for continued smoking from the 2004 Cochrane Review as our measure of the intervention's effectiveness (RR=0.94). Results. We estimated that 944240 women smoked at conception. Of these, 23.0% quit spontaneously, 6.3% quit with usual care, and an additional 3.3% quit because of the intervention, leaving 67.4% smoking throughout pregnancy. The calculated smoking prevalence in late pregnancy decreased from 16.4% to 15.6% because of the intervention. Conclusions. Universal implementation of a best-practice, clinic-based intervention would increase the total number of quitters but would not substantially reduce smoking prevalence among pregnant women. (Am J Public Health. 2009; 99:893-898. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.144485) C1 [Kim, Shin Y.; England, Lucinda J.; Kendrick, Juliette S.; Dietz, Patricia M.; Callaghan, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skim1@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 893 EP 898 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.144485 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 441ZI UT WOS:000265808800024 PM 19299672 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Warren, M Galland, GG Williams, A Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Warren, McWilson Galland, G. Gale Williams, Allison Barnwell, John W. TI Plasmodium fieldi: Observations on the Hackeri and ABI Strains in Macaca mulatta Monkeys and Mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN MALARIA; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ANOPHELES MACULATUS; N-3 STRAIN; CYNOMOLGI; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; FALCIPARUM; COATNEYI AB Macaca mulatta monkeys infected with the Hackeri strain of Plasmodium fieldi had maximum parasite counts ranging from 1,300 to 301,320/mu L. In 43 intact animals infected with the ABI strain, the maximum parasite counts ranged from 672 to 57,189/mu L (median = 15,100/mu L); in 46 splenectomized monkeys, the maximum parasite count ranged from 660 to 350,000/mu L (median = 52,245/mu L). Transmission through Anopheles dirus Mosquitoes was obtained on I I occasions with pre-patent periods of 9-14 days. Relapses occurred between two and eight times during a 1-year period. P fieldi has potential for testing prophylactic and radical curative drugs. C1 [Collins, William E.; Sullivan, Joann S.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Galland, G. Gale] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Geog Med & Hlth Promot Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Allison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Animal Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Vector Borne & Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis & Sci Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-36,47770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 739 EP 744 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443GS UT WOS:000265898800012 PM 19407117 ER PT J AU Mladonicky, JM King, JD Liang, JL Chambers, E Pa'au, M Schmaedick, MA Burkot, TR Bradley, M Lammie, PJ AF Mladonicky, Janice M. King, Jonathan D. Liang, Jennifer L. Chambers, Eric Pa'au, Molisamoa Schmaedick, Mark A. Burkot, Thomas R. Bradley, Mark Lammie, Patrick J. TI Assessing Transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Parasitologic, Serologic, and Entomologic Tools after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; ANTIGEN; EGYPT; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; MICROFILAREMIA; ALBENDAZOLE; ELIMINATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; PROGRAMS AB Assessing the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission after annual mass drug administration (MDA) requires a better understanding of how to interpret results obtained with the available diagnostic tools. We conducted parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic surveys in three villages in American Samoa after sentinel site surveys suggested filarial antigen prevalence was <1% after five annual MDAs with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. Antigen and antifilarial antibody prevalence ranged from 3.7% to 4.6%, and from 12.5% to 14.9%, respectively, by village. Only one person was microfilaria positive. Although no children less than 10 years of age were antigen positive, antifilarial antibody prevalence in this age group was 5.1% and antibody-positive children were detected in all three villages. Wuchereria bancrofti-infected mosquitoes were also detected in all three villages. Thus, monitoring of infections in mosquitoes and antifilarial antibody levels in children may serve as indicators of local transmission and be useful for making decisions about program endpoints. C1 [Lammie, Patrick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mladonicky, Janice M.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [King, Jonathan D.] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. [Liang, Jennifer L.] DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Decatur, GA 30031 USA. [Chambers, Eric; Burkot, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamble, GA 30341 USA. [Pa'au, Molisamoa] Amer Samoa Dept Hlth, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Schmaedick, Mark A.] Amer Samoa Community Coll, Div Community & Nat Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Bradley, Mark] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Global Community Partnerships, Brentford TW8 9GS, England. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmladonicky@lpzoo.org; jonathan.king@emory.edu; jliang@cdc.gov; echambers@cdc.gov; molipaau@yahoo.com; m.schmaedick@amsamoa.edu; lburkot@cdc.gov; mark.h.bradley@gsk.com; plammie@cdc.gov FU GlaxoSmithKline; Association of Public Health Laboratories FX This work was supported by GlaxoSmithKline. Janice M.Mladonicky and Eric Chambers were supported by Emerging Infectious Disease fellowships from the Association of Public Health Laboratories. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 769 EP 773 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443GS UT WOS:000265898800017 PM 19407122 ER PT J AU Chambers, EW McClintock, SK Avery, MF King, JD Bradley, MH Schmaedick, MA Lammie, PJ Burkot, TR AF Chambers, Eric W. McClintock, Shannon K. Avery, Melissa F. King, Jonathan D. Bradley, Mark H. Schmaedick, Mark A. Lammie, Patrick J. Burkot, Thomas R. TI Xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis Infections in Mosquitoes from American Samoa: Trapping Considerations and a Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays with Dissection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ADULT AEDES-AEGYPTI; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; BG-SENTINEL; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; HUMAN BLOOD; PCR ASSAY; TRANSMISSION; POLYNESIENSIS; VECTOR AB Entomologic monitoring of filarial infections, xenomonitoring, may have advantages in certain epidemiologic situations to assess the presence of infections in humans. Hemalum staining and dissection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared to determine the filarial infection status of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in American Samoa. The overall prevalences of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Ae. polynesiensis were, respectively, 0.16% and 1.06% by dissection and 0.69% and 1.77% by PCR. Human filarial worm DNA rates in Aedes aegypti and Aedes upolensis were 1.16% and 0.38%, respectively. The results suggest that W bancrofti transmission to humans may be continuing at low levels in some villages despite recent completion of 5 years of mass drug administration. PCR testing of mosquitoes collected using the BG-Sentinel traps represents a promising alternative to landing catches for assessing the transmission of filariasis in areas where Ae. polynesiensis and related species are the primary vectors. C1 [Chambers, Eric W.; McClintock, Shannon K.; Avery, Melissa F.; Lammie, Patrick J.; Burkot, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [King, Jonathan D.] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. [Bradley, Mark H.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Global Community Partnerships, Brentford, Middx, England. [Schmaedick, Mark A.] Amer Samoa Community Coll, Div Community & Nat Resources, Pago Pago, AS USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chambers, EW (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S-225 Ag Sci Ctr N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM echambers@uky.edu; SMcClintock@cdc.gov; MFAvery@cdc.gov; jonathan.king@emory.edu; mark.h.bradley@gsk.com; m.schmaedick@amsamoa.edu; PLammie@cdc.gov; TBurkot@cdc.gov FU GlaxoSmithKline; Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship Program; Association of Public Health laboratories (APHL); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA FX Financial support: Funding for this project was provided by GlaxoSmithKline. EWC was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public Health laboratories (APHL) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as by support front the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur GA. SM's research is supported by an appointment at the Division of Parasitic Diseases. National Center for Zoonotic Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. and the support of Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 774 EP 781 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443GS UT WOS:000265898800018 PM 19407123 ER PT J AU Mach, O Lu, L Creek, T Bowen, A Arvelo, W Smit, M Masunge, J Brennan, M Handzel, T AF Mach, Ondrej Lu, Lydia Creek, Tracy Bowen, Anna Arvelo, Wences Smit, Molly Masunge, Japhter Brennan, Muireann Handzel, Thomas TI Population-Based Study of a Widespread Outbreak of Diarrhea Associated with Increased Mortality and Malnutrition in Botswana, January-March, 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CHILDHOOD AB In early 2006, coinciding with heavy rains, Botswana health facilities reported increases in diarrhea, mortality., and acute malnutrition among young children. Data on diarrhea, human immunodeficiency virus, feeding, mortality, and water/sanitation were collected by random cluster survey. Anthropometric data were measured and drinking water samples were tested. Of 537 surveyed children less than five years of age., one-third experienced >= 1 episode of diarrhea. Prevalence of acute malnutrition was 7.9%, and the mortality rate for children less than five years of age was 2.6/10,000/day during the outbreak. Significant risk factors for diarrhea included an age less than two years; breastfeeding was protective. Diarrhea lasting for more than 14 days and failure to thrive were risk factors for acute malnutrition. Prevalence of acute malnutrition was higher than previously documented and the mortality rate in children less than five years of age during the outbreak was above the international threshold for emergency action with an estimated 547 excess deaths. This survey highlights the need for safe infant feeding and effective treatment of malnutrition and diarrhea in young children. C1 [Mach, Ondrej; Lu, Lydia; Creek, Tracy; Bowen, Anna; Arvelo, Wences; Brennan, Muireann; Handzel, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Immunizat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smit, Molly] BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Masunge, Japhter] Botswana Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Mach, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Immunizat, Mailstop E05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omach@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, there was no special grant or fund made available specifically for this investigation; operational funds for Outbreak response were used. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 812 EP 818 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443GS UT WOS:000265898800024 PM 19407129 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, Michael E. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI A simplified protein precipitation and filtration procedure for determining serum vitamin B-6 by high-performance liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE AB Protein precipitation followed by centrifuge filtration was tested as a simplified sample preparation procedure for quantifying pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum samples (n = 160) were prepared by both centrifuge filtration and an established technique using traditional supernatant extraction with manual filtration. Bland-Altman bias analysis (95% confidence levels [CLs]) of the results showed a -1.3 (-2.2, -0.5)% difference in PLP values and a -6.2 (-7.3, -5.2)% difference in 4PA Values using the simplified sample preparation. These deviations were found to be well within allowable biases on the basis of biologic variation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rybak, Michael E.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rybak, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mrybak@cdc.gov RI Rybak, Michael/T-1026-2016 OI Rybak, Michael/0000-0003-1650-8581 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 388 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.014 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 433TR UT WOS:000265229200029 PM 19232315 ER PT J AU Moran, GJ Barrett, TW Mower, WR Krishnadasan, A Abrahamian, FM Ong, S Nakase, JY Pinner, RW Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR Talan, DA AF Moran, Gregory J. Barrett, Tyler W. Mower, William R. Krishnadasan, Anusha Abrahamian, Fredrick M. Ong, Samuel Nakase, Janet Y. Pinner, Robert W. Kuehnert, Matthew J. Jarvis, William R. Talan, David A. CA EMERGEncy ID NET Study Grp TI Decision Instrument for the Isolation of Pneumonia Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Admitted Through US Emergency Departments SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: Many patients with pneumonia are admitted to respiratory isolation for possible tuberculosis (TB), but most do not have active TB. We created a decision instrument to predict which pneumonia patients do not need admission to a TB isolation bed. Methods: The design was a prospective case series conducted in 11 university-affiliated, urban, US emergency departments (EDs) (EMERGEncy ID NET). Participants were patients admitted to the hospital through the ED with a diagnosis of pneumonia or suspected TB. The main outcome measure was derivation and validation of a sensitive decision instrument to identify patients not having TB (and not requiring isolation) according to clinical data and chest radiographs. Results: Of 5,079 pneumonia patients, 224 (4.4%) had pulmonary TB according to sputum cultures or tissue staining. The instrument derived to predict which patients did not have pulmonary TB included no TB history or previous positive tuberculin skin test result, nonimmigrant, not homeless, not recently incarcerated, no recent weight loss, and no apical infiltrate or cavitary lesion on plain chest radiograph. When tested on the validation subgroup, the decision instrument exhibited a negative predictive value of 99.7% (95% confidence interval [Cl] 99.1% to 99.9%), and a sensitivity of 96.4% (95% CI 91.1% to 99.0%). Conclusion: A decision instrument can accurately predict which patients with pneumonia do not require admission to TB isolation rooms. [Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53:625-632.] C1 [Moran, Gregory J.; Krishnadasan, Anusha; Abrahamian, Fredrick M.; Ong, Samuel; Nakase, Janet Y.; Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Barrett, Tyler W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Mower, William R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Emergency Med, Dept Med, Div Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Pinner, Robert W.; Kuehnert, Matthew J.; Jarvis, William R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moran, GJ (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infections Sentinel Network Program [U50/CCU912342-01] FX By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infections Sentinel Network Program, Cooperative Agreement No. U50/CCU912342-01. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 53 IS 5 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.07.027 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 441YO UT WOS:000265806700014 PM 18760503 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ McCollum, AM Griffing, SM Salas, C Soberon, V Santolalla, M Haley, R Tsukayama, P Lucas, C Escalante, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Bacon, David J. McCollum, Andrea M. Griffing, Sean M. Salas, Carola Soberon, Valeria Santolalla, Meddly Haley, Ryan Tsukayama, Pablo Lucas, Carmen Escalante, Ananias A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Dynamics of Malaria Drug Resistance Patterns in the Amazon Basin Region following Changes in Peruvian National Treatment Policy for Uncomplicated Malaria SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANCE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; ANTIMALARIAL RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; PFCRT POLYMORPHISM; SELECTIVE SWEEPS AB Monitoring changes in the frequencies of drug-resistant and -sensitive genotypes can facilitate in vivo clinical trials to assess the efficacy of drugs before complete failure occurs. Peru changed its national treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria to artesunate (ART)-plus-mefloquine (MQ) combination therapy in the Amazon basin in 2001. We genotyped isolates collected in 1999 and isolates collected in 2006 to 2007 for mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, multidrug resistance gene 1 (Pfmdr-1), the chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter gene (Pfcrt), and the Ca2+ ATPase gene (PfATP6); these have been shown to be involved in resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), MQ, CQ, and possibly ART, respectively. Microsatellite haplotypes around the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfcrt, and Pfmdr-1 loci were also determined. There was a significant decline in the highly SP resistant Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genotypes from 1999 to 2006. In contrast, a CQ-resistant Pfcrt genotype increased in frequency during the same period. Among five different Pfmdr-1 allelic forms noted in 1999, two genotypes increased in frequency while one genotype decreased by 2006. We also noted previously undescribed polymorphisms in the PfATP6 gene as well as an increase in the frequency of a deletion mutant during this period. In addition, microsatellite analysis revealed that the resistant Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfcrt genotypes have each evolved from a single founder haplotype, while Pfmdr-1 genotypes have evolved from at least two independent haplotypes. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the Peruvian triple mutant Pfdhps genotypes are very similar to those found in other parts of South America. C1 [Bacon, David J.; Salas, Carola; Soberon, Valeria; Santolalla, Meddly; Haley, Ryan; Tsukayama, Pablo; Lucas, Carmen] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, Lima, Peru. [McCollum, Andrea M.; Griffing, Sean M.] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.; Griffing, Sean M.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,CCID, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), USN, Environm & Preventat Med Unit 2, Lab Sci, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM david.bacon@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infectious System (DoD-GEIS) [847705.82000.25GB,B0016]; Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Working Group; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; Atlanta VA Medical Center; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01GM084320] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the U. S. government.; This work was supported in part by funds provided by the Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infectious System (DoD-GEIS) under unit 847705.82000.25GB,B0016. The work was also supported in part by the Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Working Group, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta VA Medical Center. One of the authors is a military service member (D. J. B.). This work was prepared as part of his official duties. S. M. Griffing is supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. A. A. Escalante is supported by grant R01GM084320 from the National Institutes of Health.; The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.; We acknowledge Shannon K. McClintock for support in the statistical analysis of the results. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2042 EP 2051 DI 10.1128/AAC.01677-08 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 438AQ UT WOS:000265528700044 PM 19258269 ER PT J AU Sjolund-Karlsson, M Folster, JP Pecic, G Joyce, K Medalla, F Rickert, R Whichard, JM AF Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria Folster, Jason P. Pecic, Gary Joyce, Kevin Medalla, Felicita Rickert, Regan Whichard, Jean M. TI Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance among Non-Typhi Salmonella enterica Isolates from Humans in the United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; MODIFYING ENZYME; AAC(6')-IB-CR; DETERMINANTS; QNR; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CIPROFLOXACIN; PREVALENCE AB Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants are emerging among gram-negative pathogens. Here we report results of a retrospective study investigating the prevalence of aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, and qnr genes among 19,010 human isolates of non-Typhi Salmonella enterica collected in the United States from 1996 to 2006. C1 [Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCZVED, DFBMD,EDLB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Folster, Jason P.; Pecic, Gary] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Sjolund-Karlsson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCZVED, DFBMD,EDLB, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov FU CDC and the Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine FX This work was supported by an interagency agreement between CDC and the Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2142 EP 2144 DI 10.1128/AAC.01288-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 438AQ UT WOS:000265528700058 PM 19223618 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ O'Connell, H AF Rose, L. J. O'Connell, H. TI UV Light Inactivation of Bacterial Biothreat Agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID US WATER-SUPPLIES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; RESISTANCE; SPORES; BIOTERRORISM; VALIDATION; ENDOSPORES; THREAT AB Seven species of bacterial biothreat agents were tested for susceptibility to UV light (254 nm). All gram-negative organisms tested required <12 mJ/cm(2) for a 4-log(10) reduction in viability (inactivation). Tailing off of the B. anthracis spore inactivation curves began close to the 2-log(10) inactivation point, with a fluence of approximately 40 mJ/cm(2), and 3-log(10) inactivation still was not achieved with a fluence of 120 mJ/cm(2). C1 [Rose, L. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DHQP ILB, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DHQP ILB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2987 EP 2990 DI 10.1128/AEM.02180-08 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 438WO UT WOS:000265586900051 PM 19270145 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Daley, MF Barrow, J Crane, LA Beaty, BL Allred, N Kempe, A AF Allison, Mandy A. Daley, Matthew F. Barrow, Jennifer Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Allred, Norma Kempe, Allison TI High Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Children With High-Risk Conditions During a Vaccine Shortage SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Soc Pediat Res ID HEALTHY-YOUNG CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; SYSTEM SENTINEL SITES; AGED 6-59 MONTHS; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; RECOMMENDATIONS; SEASON; PREDICTORS; PREVENTION AB Objective: To assess whether pediatric practices with a system to identify and recall children with high-risk conditions (HRCs) could maintain high influenza vaccination coverage levels among these children during a vaccine shortage year. Design: Observational study using data from a computerized billing database and an electronic immunization information system. Setting: Four Denver pediatric practices during the 20032004 and 2004-2005 influenza seasons. Participants: Children aged 24 to 72 months with and without HRCs. Main Exposure: The vaccine shortage of the 20042005 influenza season. Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of children with and without HRCs who were immunized and the timing of influenza immunization in nonshortage (20032004) and shortage (2004-2005) seasons. Results: In the 2003-2004 season, 770 of 1166 children with HRCs (66.0%) were immunized and, in the 2004-2005 season, 656 of 1053 (62.3%) were immunized. Although vaccination coverage did not significantly decrease for children with HRCs during the 20042005 season (P = .07), coverage for healthy children decreased from 43.8% (4435/10117) to 29.5% (3066/10387) (P < .001). After the priority group recommendation in October 2004, the practices provided few vaccines to healthy children, whereas children with HRCs continued to receive the vaccine. Conclusion: Pediatric practices with a system to identify and recall children with HRCs can target these children for receipt of the influenza vaccine and maintain high vaccination coverage, despite a vaccine shortage that may result in decreased vaccine coverage in healthy children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163(5):426-431 C1 [Allison, Mandy A.; Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Crane, Lori A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Beaty, Brenda L.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Allison, Mandy A.; Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Crane, Lori A.; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Allred, Norma] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allison, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Gen Pediat, 50 N Med Dr 2A200 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM mandy.allison@hsc.utah.edu FU PHS HHS [T32 HP10006, MM-0752-04/04] NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 163 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 441RU UT WOS:000265789000005 PM 19414688 ER PT J AU Singleton, R Holve, S Groom, A McMahon, BJ Santosham, M Brenneman, G O'Brien, KL AF Singleton, Rosalyn Holve, Steve Groom, Amy McMahon, Brian J. Santosham, Mathu Brenneman, George O'Brien, Katherine L. TI Impact of Immunizations on the Disease Burden of American Indian and Alaska Native Children SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; DIARRHEA-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; MOUNTAIN APACHE CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; HIGH-RISK; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE AB American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have suffered disproportionately from infectious diseases compared with the general US population. As recently as 25 years ago, rates of hepatitis A and B virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections were as much as 10 times higher among AI/AN children compared with the general US child population. In the past quarter century, routine use of childhood immunizations for hepatitis A and B viruses has eliminated disease disparities for these pathogens in AI/AN children, and significant decreases have been demonstrated for H influenzae type b, S pneumoniae, and pertussis. Nevertheless, certain infectious diseases continue to occur at higher rates in AI/AN children. The reason for continued disparities is most likely related to adverse living conditions such as household crowding, lack of indoor plumbing, poverty, and poor indoor air quality. Although tremendous strides have been made in eliminating disparities in infectious disease among AI/AN children, further gains will require addressing disparities in adverse living conditions. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163(5):446-453 C1 [Singleton, Rosalyn; McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Native Tribal Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Holve, Steve] Tuba City Indian Med Ctr, Tuba City, AZ USA. [Groom, Amy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Operat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Groom, Amy] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Santosham, Mathu; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Brenneman, George] Indian Hlth Serv, Aberdeen Area, Aberdeen, SD USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 163 IS 5 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 441RU UT WOS:000265789000008 PM 19414691 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Jain, N Stevenson, J Mannikko, N Molinari, NA AF Smith, Philip J. Jain, Nidhi Stevenson, John Mannikko, Nancy Molinari, Noelle-Angelique TI Progress in Timely Vaccination Coverage Among Children Living in Low-Income Households SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; DISPARITIES; TIMELINESS; AGE AB Objective: To evaluate progress in timely vaccination coverage associated with low-income households. Design: The US National Immunization Survey. Participants: Children aged 19 to 35 months living in low-income households who were sampled between 1995 and 2007 (N = 232 318). Low-income households had an annual income that was 133% or less of the federal poverty level, and high-income households had an annual income of 400% or more of the federal poverty level. Main Outcome Measures: Administration of 4 or more doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP-DTP) vaccine; 3 or more doses of polio; 1 or more doses of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR); 3 or more doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); 3 or more doses of hepatitis B; and 1 or more doses of varicella vaccines by age 19 months as reported by the children's vaccination providers. Progress in timely coverage was evaluated by tracking changes between consecutive annual birth cohorts born between 1994 and 2004. Results: Among low-income children, timely vaccination coverage increased significantly between consecutive birth cohorts by an estimated 0.5% for DTaP-DTP, 0.3% for polio, 0.6% for MMR, 1.2% for hepatitis B, and 5.3% for varicella vaccines but did not change significantly for the Hib vaccine. Disparities in timely coverage for low- vs high-income children declined significantly between consecutive birth cohorts by an estimated -0.3% for MMR, -0.3% for hepatitis B, and -0.5% for varicella vaccines, did not change significantly for the polio vaccine, and increased significantly by 0.4% for the DTaP-DTP vaccine. Conclusions: Disparities in vaccination coverage associated with low household income persist. Further progress in timely vaccination may be achieved by improving health care providers' reminder/recall systems, implementing educational interventions that address barriers to vaccination, and increasing parents' awareness of the Vaccines for Children Program. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163(5):462-468 C1 [Smith, Philip J.; Jain, Nidhi; Stevenson, John; Molinari, Noelle-Angelique] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mannikko, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop MD E-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pzs6@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 163 IS 5 BP 462 EP 468 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 441RU UT WOS:000265789000010 PM 19414693 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE Markowitz, LE AF Rodewald, Lance E. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Preventing Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Low-Resource Communities SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES C1 [Rodewald, Lance E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rodewald, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MailStop E52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lrodewald@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 163 IS 5 BP 487 EP 488 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 441RU UT WOS:000265789000017 PM 19414699 ER PT J AU Jacques-Carroll, L Wang, SS Zhao, Z Malik, T David, F AF Jacques-Carroll, Lisa Wang, Susan Zhao, Zhen Malik, Tasneem David, Felicita TI Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage in Newborns and Vaccine Supply Policy SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMISSION C1 [Jacques-Carroll, Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jacques-Carroll, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crv1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 163 IS 5 BP 489 EP 490 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 441RU UT WOS:000265789000018 PM 19414700 ER PT J AU Nemeth, N Young, G Ndaluka, C Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Komar, N Bowen, R AF Nemeth, Nicole Young, Ginger Ndaluka, Christina Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle Komar, Nicholas Bowen, Richard TI Persistent West Nile virus infection in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; CALIFORNIA; LOUISIANA; COLORADO; PIPIENS; FINCHES; WINTER AB Long-term persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection within vertebrate reservoir hosts is a potential mechanism for overwintering of this (and other) arbovirus(es) at temperate latitudes. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus), an established amplifying host for WNV and other arboviruses, was used as a model to confirm chronicity of WNV infection in passerine birds and to evaluate the feasibility of two overwintering mechanisms: blood-borne infection of arthropod vectors (recrudescence) and oral infection of vertebrate reservoir hosts (ingestion of infected tissues through predation). WNV-inoculated sparrows were monitored for persistent infection for up to 2 years. Infectious virus persisted in tissues through 43 days, but not in sera beyond 6 days. Viral RNA persisted in tissues through 65 days. Chronicity of WNV infection in some tissues, but not blood, supports the predation mechanism of WNV overwintering, but not recrudescence. RNA persistence impacts interpretation and etiologic determination of avian mortality. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole; Ndaluka, Christina; Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, Ginger; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bowen, Richard] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, N (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Nicole.M.Nemeth@aphis.usda.gov RI Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle/A-3686-2010; Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013 OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816 FU National Institutes of Health [N01-AI25489] FX We are grateful to P. Gordy, A. Bosco-Lauth, K. Jones, P. Oesterle, N. Roberts and others for logistical support. K. Burkhalter provided advice on RT-PCR and R. McLean provided editorial comments. This research was funded by National Institutes of Health contract N01-AI25489, Emerging Infectious Viral Disease Unit. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 5 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0369-x PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 443MW UT WOS:000265915300006 PM 19347246 ER PT J AU Crabtree, MB Nga, PT Miller, BR AF Crabtree, Mary B. Nga, Phan T. Miller, Barry R. TI Isolation and characterization of a new mosquito flavivirus, Quang Binh virus, from Vietnam SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSING AGENT VIRUS; INSECT FLAVIVIRUS; GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; REPLICATION; SEQUENCE AB In recent years, a number of flaviviruses that replicate only in an arthropod host have been discovered and characterized. We describe here the isolation and characterization of a new mosquito-only flavivirus in this group. The virus was isolated from Culex tritaeniorhyncus mosquitoes collected in Vietnam in 2002 and was found to be genetically different from mosquito flaviviruses described previously. We propose the isolate be named Quang Binh virus. C1 [Crabtree, Mary B.; Miller, Barry R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nga, Phan T.] Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mcrabtree@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 5 BP 857 EP 860 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0373-1 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 443MW UT WOS:000265915300014 PM 19347244 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA AF Rasmussen, S. A. TI Prevalence of Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy Complications SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900013 ER PT J AU Trevathan, E AF Trevathan, E. TI The Autisms: Disorders of the Developing Brain with Public Health Implications SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trevathan, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900018 ER PT J AU Feldkamp, ML Stone, MB Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Moore, CA Botto, LD AF Feldkamp, M. L. Stone, M. B. Carmichael, S. L. Shaw, G. M. Moore, C. A. Botto, L. D. TI Maternal Nutrition and Risk for Gastroschisis: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Feldkamp, M. L.; Stone, M. B.; Botto, L. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Feldkamp, M. L.; Stone, M. B.; Botto, L. D.] Utah Birth Defect Network, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Carmichael, S. L.; Shaw, G. M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, March Dimes Res Div, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Shaw, G. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Moore, C. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900059 ER PT J AU Alwan, S Botto, LD Correa, A Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J Friedman, JM AF Alwan, S. Botto, L. D. Correa, A. Rasmussen, S. A. Reefhuis, J. Friedman, J. M. TI Maternal Use of Bupropion and Risk for Congenital Heart Defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alwan, S.; Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Botto, L. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Correa, A.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Reefhuis, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900067 ER PT J AU Broussard, CS Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J Friedman, JM Jann, MW Honein, MA AF Broussard, C. S. Rasmussen, S. A. Reefhuis, J. Friedman, J. M. Jann, M. W. Honein, M. A. TI Early-Pregnancy Opioid Analgesic Treatment and Risk for Congenital Heart Defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Broussard, C. S.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Reefhuis, J.; Honein, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Jann, M. W.] Mercer Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900066 ER PT J AU Alwan, S Reefhuis, J Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM AF Alwan, S. Reefhuis, J. Rasmussen, S. A. Friedman, J. M. TI Patterns of Antidepressant Medication Use in the US Population SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alwan, S.; Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Reefhuis, J.; Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900078 ER PT J AU Tinker, SC Reefhuis, J Dellinger, AM Jamieson, DJ Honein, MA AF Tinker, S. C. Reefhuis, J. Dellinger, A. M. Jamieson, D. J. Honein, M. A. TI Descriptive Epidemiology of Maternal Injuries during Pregnancy, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2004 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tinker, S. C.; Reefhuis, J.; Honein, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dellinger, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jamieson, D. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 419 EP 419 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900080 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Herring, A Sjodin, A Ma, C Ding, K Shaw, GM AF Carmichael, S. L. Herring, A. Sjodin, A. Ma, C. Ding, K. Shaw, G. M. TI Halogenated Organic Pollutant Levels in Maternal Mid-Pregnancy Serum and Hypospadias: A Pilot Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carmichael, S. L.; Ma, C.; Shaw, G. M.] Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Herring, A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sjodin, A.; Ding, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 438 EP 438 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900117 ER PT J AU Morgan, MA Cragan, JD Goldenberg, R Rasmussen, SA Schulkin, J AF Morgan, M. A. Cragan, J. D. Goldenberg, R. Rasmussen, S. A. Schulkin, J. TI Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Management of Medication Use during Pregnancy SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morgan, M. A.; Schulkin, J.] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Cragan, J. D.; Rasmussen, S. A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goldenberg, R.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 440 EP 440 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900121 ER PT J AU Cragan, JD AF Cragan, J. D. TI When is it Time to Close a Pregnancy Registry? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cragan, J. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900162 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA AF Rasmussen, S. A. TI How to Design a Pregnancy Registry for a Suspected Human Teratogen SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 466 EP 466 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900171 ER PT J AU Rim, SH Seeff, L Ahmed, F King, JB Coughlin, SS AF Rim, Sun Hee Seeff, Laura Ahmed, Faruque King, Jessica B. Coughlin, Steven S. TI Colorectal Cancer Incidence in the United States, 1999-2004 An Updated Analysis of Data From the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; incidence; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance; Epidemiology; End Results ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; HEALTH DISPARITIES; TASK-FORCE; MORTALITY; AMERICAN; POPULATION; RATES; RISK; RECOMMENDATION AB BACKGROUND: By using recent national cancer surveillance data, the authors investigated colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence by subpopulation to inform the discussion of demographic-based CRC guidelines. METHODS: Data included CRC incidence (1999-2004) from the combined National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program databases. Incidence rates (age-specific and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population) were reported among individuals ages 40 to 44 years, 45 to 49 years, 50 to 64 years, and >= 65 years by sex, subsite, disease stage, race, and ethnicity. Rate ratios (RR) and rate differences (RD) were calculated to compare CRC rates in different subpopulations. RESULTS: Incidence rates were greater among men compared with women and among blacks compared with whites and other races. Incidence rates among Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs), American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), and Hispanics consistently were lower than among whites and non-Hispanics. Sex disparities were greatest in the population aged >65 years, whereas racial disparities were more pronounced in the population aged <65 years. Although the RD between blacks and whites diminished at older ages, the RD between APIs and whites, between AI/ANs and whites, and between non-Hispanics and Hispanics increased with increasing age. By subsite, blacks had the highest incidence rates compared with whites and other races in the proximal and distal colon; the reverse was true in the rectum. By stage, whites had higher incidence rates than blacks and other races for localized and regional disease; for distant and unstaged disease, blacks had higher incidence rates than whites. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggested differences that can be considered in formulating targeted screening and other public health strategies to reduce disparities in CRC incidence in the United States. Cancer 2009;115:1967-76. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society*. C1 [Rim, Sun Hee; Seeff, Laura; Ahmed, Faruque; King, Jessica B.; Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM srim@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 9 BP 1967 EP 1976 DI 10.1002/cncr.24216 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 435OZ UT WOS:000265354500021 PM 19235249 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Bostick, RM Friedman, JM Flanders, WD AF Yang, Quanhe Bostick, Roberd M. Friedman, J. M. Flanders, W. Dana TI Serum Folate and Cancer Mortality Among US Adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey Linked Mortality File SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PANCREATIC-CANCER; DIETARY-FOLATE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS AB Background: The relation between folate status and cancer is controversial. Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that increased folate intake is associated with reduced risk of various cancers, others have found no such associations, and a few have suggested that high folate intake might increase the risk of certain cancers. Methods: Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Mortality File, a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of 14,611 U.S. adults, we conducted Cox proportional hazards regression modeling to investigate the association of baseline serum folate concentrations and all-cancer mortality determined from linked death certificate data. Results: Relative to the lowest quintile of serum folate (<3.0 ng/mL), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across quintiles 2 to 5 were: 1.61 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-2.32], 1.00 (95% CI, 0.65-1.49), 1.39 (95% CI, 0.96-2.03), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.59-1.22). These findings did not differ substantially by age or sex, but the higher risk for those in the second quintile appeared limited to non-Hispanic whites. Conclusion: These findings suggest that there may be a nonlinear relationship between folate status and the risk of all-cancer mortality such that persons with low, but not grossly deficient, serum blood folate concentrations may be at increased risk. Further study is needed to determine whether these findings are due to chance, and if not, to clarify their biological basis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1439-47) C1 [Yang, Quanhe] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bostick, Roberd M.; Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop Ebl, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1439 EP 1447 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0908 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 445WF UT WOS:000266081500015 PM 19423522 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, P Brenner, AV Butler, MA Wang, SS Pfeiffer, RM Ruder, AM Linet, MS Yeager, M Wang, ZM Orr, N Fine, HA Kwon, D Thomas, G Rothman, N Inskip, PD Chanock, SJ AF Rajaraman, Preetha Brenner, Alina V. Butler, Mary Ann Wang, Sophia S. Pfeiffer, Ruth M. Ruder, Avima M. Linet, Martha S. Yeager, Meredith Wang, Zhaoming Orr, Nick Fine, Howard A. Kwon, Deukwoo Thomas, Gilles Rothman, Nathaniel Inskip, Peter D. Chanock, Stephen J. TI Common Variation in Genes Related to Innate Immunity and Risk of Adult Glioma SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; BRAIN-TUMORS; SERUM IGE; POLYMORPHISMS; HISTORY; PRIVILEGE; ALLERGIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB Current evidence suggests that immune system alterations contribute to the etiology of adult glioma, the most common adult brain tumor. Although previous studies have focused on variation in candidate genes in the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system has emerged as a critical avenue for research given its known link with carcinogenesis. To identify genetic markers in pathways critical to innate immunity, we conducted an association study of 551 glioma cases and 865 matched controls of European ancestry to investigate "tag" single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 148 genetic regions. Two independent U.S. case-control studies included were as follows: a hospital-based study conducted by the National Cancer Institute (263 cases, 330 controls) and a community-based study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (288 cases, 535 controls). Tag SNPs (1,397) chosen on the basis of an r(2) of >0.8 and minor allele frequency of >5% in Caucasians in HapMap1 were genotyped. Glioma risk was estimated by odds ratios. Nine SNPs distributed across eight genetic regions (ALOX5, IRAK3, ITGB2, NCF2, NFKB1, SELP, SOD1, and STAT1) were associated with risk of glioma with P value of <0.01. Although these associations were no longer statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, the associations were notably consistent in both studies. Region-based tests were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for SELP, SOD, and ALOX5. Analyses restricted to glioblastoma (n = 254) yielded significant associations for the SELP, DEFB126/127, SERPINI1, and LY96 genetic regions. We have identified a promising set of innate immunity-related genetic regions for further investigation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1651-8) C1 [Rajaraman, Preetha; Brenner, Alina V.; Wang, Sophia S.; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Linet, Martha S.; Kwon, Deukwoo; Rothman, Nathaniel; Inskip, Peter D.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fine, Howard A.] NCI, Neurooncol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Butler, Mary Ann; Ruder, Avima M.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Yeager, Meredith; Wang, Zhaoming; Orr, Nick; Thomas, Gilles; Chanock, Stephen J.] NCI, Core Genotyping Facil, Adv Technol Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Rajaraman, P (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS Room 7058, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM rajarama@mail.nih.gov RI Pfeiffer, Ruth /F-4748-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 FU NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services [N01-CO-12400] FX Intramural funds from the NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, and has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the NCI, NIH, under contract N01-CO-12400. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, or does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1658 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1041 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 445WF UT WOS:000266081500043 PM 19423540 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Hein, M Viet, S Hanley, K Ruder, A Ward, E AF Carreon, Tania Hein, Misty Viet, Susan Hanley, Kevin Ruder, Avima Ward, Elizabeth TI Increased bladder cancer risk among workers exposed to o-toluidine and aniline: A reanalysis SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 2137 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43TC UT WOS:000209702704080 ER PT J AU Yong, L Peterson, M Sigurdson, A Sampson, L Ward, E AF Yong, Lee Peterson, Martin Sigurdson, Alice Sampson, Laura Ward, Elizabeth TI Antioxidant intake and chromosome translocation frequency among airline pilots SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 73 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43TC UT WOS:000209702705016 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, BA Roehrig, JT AF Thibodeaux, Brett A. Roehrig, John T. TI Development of a Human-Murine Chimeric Immunoglobulin M Antibody for Use in the Serological Detection of Human Flavivirus Antibodies SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NONINFECTIOUS RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTIONS; EPITOPES; MOUSE AB Current diagnosis of human flaviviral infections relies heavily on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Broad application of this assay is hindered by a lack of standardized human positive-control sera that react with the wide variety of flaviviruses that can cause human disease, e. g., dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). We have created a human-murine chimeric antibody combining the variable regions of the broadly flavivirus cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6B6C-1 and the constant region of human IgM to produce a standardized reagent capable of replacing human positive-control sera in a MAC-ELISA for the diagnosis of all human flaviviral infections. The human-murine chimeric IgM antibody secreted from plasmid-transformed Sp2/0-Ag14 cells had a level of serological activity identical to that of 6B6C-1 as measured by ELISA, immunoblotting, and MAC- ELISA for multiple members of the flavivirus genus, including WNV, SLEV, YFV, DENV, and JEV. C1 [Thibodeaux, Brett A.; Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Thibodeaux, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM epx1@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU American Society for Microbiology; Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported in part by a postdoctoral fellowship award provided by the American Society for Microbiology and the Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1128/CVI.00354-08 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 441DM UT WOS:000265749500012 PM 19297614 ER PT J AU Thurman, KA Walter, ND Schwartz, SB Mitchell, SL Dillon, MT Baughman, AL Deutscher, M Fulton, JP Tongren, JE Hicks, LA Winchell, JM AF Thurman, Kathleen A. Walter, Nicholas D. Schwartz, Stephanie B. Mitchell, Stephanie L. Dillon, Michael T. Baughman, Andrew L. Deutscher, Meredith Fulton, John P. Tongren, Jon E. Hicks, Lauri A. Winchell, Jonas M. TI Comparison of Laboratory Diagnostic Procedures for Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Community Outbreaks SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; MANIFESTATIONS; ANTIBODIES; TESTS AB Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A more definitive methodology for reliable detection of M. pneumoniae is needed to identify outbreaks and to prevent potentially fatal extrapulmonary complications. Methods. We analyzed 2 outbreaks of CAP due to M. pneumoniae. Nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swab specimens and serum samples were obtained from persons with clinically defined cases, household contacts, and asymptomatic individuals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. pneumoniae was performed on all swab specimens, and the diagnostic utility was compared with that of 2 commercially available serologic test kits. Results. For cases, 21% yielded positive results with real-time PCR, whereas 81% and 54% yielded positive results with the immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M serologic tests, respectively. For noncases, 1.8% yielded positive results with real-time PCR, whereas 63% and 79% yielded serologically positive results with the immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M kits, respectively. The sensitivity of real-time PCR decreased as the duration between symptom onset and sample collection increased, with a peak sensitivity of 48% at 0-21 days. A specificity of 43% for the immunoglobulin M antibody detection assay was observed for persons aged 10-18 years, but the sensitivity increased to 82% for persons aged >= 19 years. Discussion. Thorough data analysis indicated that no single available test was reliable for the identification of an outbreak of CAP due to M. pneumoniae. A combination of testing methodologies proved to be the most reliable approach for identification of outbreaks of CAP due to M. pneumoniae, especially in the absence of other suspected respiratory pathogens. C1 [Thurman, Kathleen A.; Walter, Nicholas D.; Schwartz, Stephanie B.; Mitchell, Stephanie L.; Deutscher, Meredith; Hicks, Lauri A.; Winchell, Jonas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Walter, Nicholas D.; Deutscher, Meredith; Tongren, Jon E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Dillon, Michael T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Baughman, Andrew L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fulton, John P.] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Tongren, Jon E.] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, GA USA. RP Winchell, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS 6-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jwinchell@cdc.gov FU Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Division of Bacterial Diseases, and Respiratory Diseases Branch FX Financial support. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, and Respiratory Diseases Branch. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1244 EP 1249 DI 10.1086/597775 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 429CB UT WOS:000264897300014 PM 19331586 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM Prasad, R Vukotich, C Stebbins, S Rinaldo, CR Ferng, YH Morse, SS Larson, EL Aiello, AE Davis, B Monto, AS AF Uyeki, Timothy M. Prasad, Ramakrishna Vukotich, Charles Stebbins, Samuel Rinaldo, Charles R. Ferng, Yu-hui Morse, Stephen S. Larson, Elaine L. Aiello, Allison E. Davis, Brian Monto, Arnold S. TI Low Sensitivity of Rapid Diagnostic Test for Influenza SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEBRILE INFANTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; EMERGENCY; ACCURACY; ADULTS; CARE AB The QuickVue Influenza A+B Test (Quidel) was used to test nasal swab specimens obtained from persons with influenza-like illness in 3 different populations. Compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the test sensitivity was low for all populations (median, 27%; range, 19%-32%), whereas the specificity was high (median, 97%; range, 96%-99.6%). C1 [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Prasad, Ramakrishna; Vukotich, Charles; Stebbins, Samuel; Rinaldo, Charles R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ferng, Yu-hui; Morse, Stephen S.; Larson, Elaine L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Aiello, Allison E.; Davis, Brian; Monto, Arnold S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, MS A-20,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through cooperative agreements to the University of Michigan, University of Pittsburgh, and Columbia University in support of studies of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control influenza transmission). NR 12 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 9 BP E89 EP E92 DI 10.1086/597828 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 429CB UT WOS:000264897300038 PM 19323628 ER PT J AU Sjolund, M Bengtsson, S Bonnedahl, J Hernandez, J Olsen, B Kahlmeter, G AF Sjolund, M. Bengtsson, S. Bonnedahl, J. Hernandez, J. Olsen, B. Kahlmeter, G. TI Antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli of human and avian origin-a comparison of wild-type distributions SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Escherichia coli; wild-type distributions ID NORMALIZED RESISTANCE INTERPRETATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC CUTOFF VALUES; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; RECOMMENDATIONS; BACTERIA AB In the present study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 97 Escherichia coli isolates from birds, and 100 clinical isolates from blood cultures, were determined by disk diffusion. The wild-type distributions were defined by the normalized resistance interpretation method. It is shown that the avian and clinical inhibition zone diameter distributions of wild-type E. coli are indistinguishable. C1 [Sjolund, M.; Bengtsson, S.; Kahlmeter, G.] Cent Hosp Vaxjo, Dept Clin Microbiol, Vaxjo, Sweden. [Bonnedahl, J.; Hernandez, J.] Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Kalmar, Sweden. [Olsen, B.; Kahlmeter, G.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Olsen, B.] Kalmar Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Sect Zoonot Ecol & Epidemiol, Kalmar, Sweden. RP Sjolund, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID NCZVED DFBMD dEDLB, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov OI Bonnedahl, Jonas/0000-0002-3182-389X; Olsen, Bjorn/0000-0002-4646-691X FU Swedish Research Council FORMAS (2005-2051); Swedish Research Council [20045489]; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University FX This work was supported logistically by the Swedish Polar Secretariat and financially by the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (2005-2051), the Swedish Research Council (20045489), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02705.x PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 446GQ UT WOS:000266110500011 PM 19260874 ER PT J AU Molins, CR Carlson, JK Coombs, J Petersen, JA AF Molins, Claudia R. Carlson, Jennifer K. Coombs, Jana Petersen, Jeannine A. TI Identification of Francisella tularensis subsp tularensis A1 and A2 infections by real-time polymerase chain reaction SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Francisella tularensis; Tularemia; Type A, A1, A2; TaqMan ID MARTHAS-VINEYARD; PNEUMONIC TULAREMIA; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; MARKERS; PCR AB Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) is subdivided into clades A1 and A2. Human tularemia infections caused by A1 and A2 differ with respect to clinical outcome; A1 infections are associated with a higher case fatality rate. In this study, we develop and evaluate TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of A1 and A2. Both assays were shown to be specific to either A1 or A2, with sensitivities of 10 genomic equivalents. Real-time PCR results for identification of A1 and A2 were in complete agreement with results obtained by pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis or conventional PCR when specimens from sporadic tularemia cases and a tularemia outbreak involving both A1 and A2 were tested. In addition, outbreak samples not previously typed to the clade level could be classified as A1 or A2. The assays described here provide new diagnostic tools with a level of sensitivity not previously available for identification of A1 and A2 infections. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Molins, Claudia R.; Carlson, Jennifer K.; Petersen, Jeannine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Coombs, Jana] Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA. RP Petersen, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jpetersen@cdc.gov FU American Society for Microbiology; Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases FX The authors would like to thank Dr Marty Schriefer and Dr Rebecca Eisen for valuable discussions and Kiersten Kugeler, Jessica Versage, and Kim Christensen for contributing DNA and outbreak specimens. Claudia Molins-Schneekloth is funded by the American Society for Microbiology and the Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases as a postdoctoral fellow. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 64 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.01.006 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 442YC UT WOS:000265875800002 PM 19232853 ER PT J AU McGregor, JC Dumyati, G Casiano-Colon, AE Chang, PJ Klevens, RM AF McGregor, Jessina C. Dumyati, Ghinwa Casiano-Colon, Aida E. Chang, Pei-Jean Klevens, R. Monina TI Usefulness of antibiogram surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in outpatient pediatric populations SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Microbial sensitivity tests; Drug resistance, bacterial; Pediatrics; Decision making; Physician's practice patterns; Questionnaires; Antibacterial agents ID CHILDREN; RISK AB We assessed the impact of distributing an outpatient age-specific methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiogram on physician knowledge of MRSA prevalence and choice of empiric therapy. Questionnaires were given to 125 physicians at outpatient pediatric clinics in Monroe County, NY, before and after antibiogram distribution (response rates, 42% and 24%, respectively). The median physician-estimated MRSA prevalence (among S. aureus skin infections) was 15% before they received the antibiogram and 20% after. According to the antibiogram, the true 2005 prevalence was 25% among skin infections. When asked to select empiric therapy for a pediatric outpatient with a skin abscess, while assuming varying levels of MRSA prevalence, most selected cephalexin when the prevalence was assumed to be 20% or less, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole when the prevalence was assumed to be 30% or greater. These data suggest that antibiograms may improve empiric therapy decision making by increasing knowledge of local outpatient prevalence of antibiotic resistance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McGregor, Jessina C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Dumyati, Ghinwa] Univ Rochester, Dept Infect Dis, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Casiano-Colon, Aida E.] Integrated Reg Labs, Dept Microbiol, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33309 USA. [Chang, Pei-Jean; Klevens, R. Monina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGregor, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM mcgregoj@ohsu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 64 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.12.016 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 442YC UT WOS:000265875800012 PM 19249172 ER PT J AU Keller, M Blench, M Tolentino, H Freifeld, CC Mandl, KD Mawudeku, A Eysenbach, G Brownstein, JS AF Keller, Mikaela Blench, Michael Tolentino, Herman Freifeld, Clark C. Mandl, Kenneth D. Mawudeku, Abla Eysenbach, Gunther Brownstein, John S. TI Use of Unstructured Event-Based Reports for Global Infectious Disease Surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; INTERNET; INTELLIGENCE AB Free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, such as Internet news and online discussion sites, provide detailed local and near real-time data on disease outbreaks, even in countries that lack traditional public health surveillance. To improve public health surveillance and, ultimately, interventions, we examined 3 primary systems that process event-based outbreak information: Global Public Health Intelligence Network, HealthMap, and EpiSPIDER. Despite similarities among them, these systems are highly complementary because they monitor different data types, rely on varying levels of automation and human analysis, and distribute distinct information. Future development should focus on linking these systems more closely to public health practitioners in the field and establishing collaborative networks for alert verification and dissemination. Such development would further establish event-based monitoring as an invaluable public health resource that provides critical context and an alternative to traditional indicator-based outbreak reporting. C1 [Keller, Mikaela] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Keller, Mikaela; Freifeld, Clark C.; Mandl, Kenneth D.; Brownstein, John S.] Harvard Univ, MIT, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Blench, Michael; Mawudeku, Abla] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Tolentino, Herman] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eysenbach, Gunther] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Eysenbach, Gunther] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Rm 537-1,1 Autumn St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mikaela.keller@childrens.harvard.edu FU Google.org; National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health [R21LM009263-01]; Government of Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada); Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education; US Department of Energy FX HeallhMap (M.K., C.C.F., K.D.M., J.S.B.) is funded in part by a research grant from Google.org and by R21LM009263-01 from the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; GPHIN (M.B., A.M.) is supported by the Government of Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada) EpiSPIDER is funded in part by a fellowship grant front the Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, US Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 17 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081114 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800001 PM 19402953 ER PT J AU Dejpichai, R Laosiritaworn, Y Phuthavathana, P Uyeki, TM O'Reilly, M Yampikulsakul, N Phurahong, S Poorak, P Prasertsopon, J Kularb, R Nateerom, K Sawanpanyalert, N Jiraphongsa, C AF Dejpichai, Rapeepan Laosiritaworn, Yongjua Phuthavathana, Pilaipan Uyeki, Timothy M. O'Reilly, Michael Yampikulsakul, Nattaphon Phurahong, Sumreung Poorak, Phisanu Prasertsopon, Jarunee Kularb, Rumporn Nateerom, Kannika Sawanpanyalert, Narumol Jiraphongsa, Chuleeporn TI Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1) among Residents of Villages with Human Cases, Thailand, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Options for the Control of Influenza VI CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA ID A H5N1; POULTRY WORKERS; LOW-FREQUENCY; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB In 2005, we assessed the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to avian influenza virus A (H5N1) among 901 residents of 4 villages in Thailand where at least 1 confirmed human case of influenza (H5N1) had occurred during 2004. Although 68.1% of survey participants (median age 40 years) were exposed to backyard poultry and 25.7% were exposed to sick or dead chickens, all participants were seronegative for influenza virus H5N1). C1 [Phuthavathana, Pilaipan; Poorak, Phisanu; Prasertsopon, Jarunee; Kularb, Rumporn; Nateerom, Kannika] Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rdej@health2.moph.go.th NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.3201/eid1505.080316 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800010 PM 19402962 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Palacios, A Reid-Smith, RJ Staempfli, HR Daignault, D Janecko, N Avery, BP Martin, H Thomspon, AD McDonald, LC Limbago, B Weese, JS AF Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander Reid-Smith, Richard J. Staempfli, Henry R. Daignault, Danielle Janecko, Nicol Avery, Brent P. Martin, Hayley Thomspon, Angela D. McDonald, L. Clifford Limbago, Brandi Weese, J. Scott TI Possible Seasonality of Clostridium difficile in Retail Meat, Canada SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXIN; GENES AB We previously reported Clostridium difficile in 20% of retail meat in Canada, which raised concerns about potential foodborne transmissibility. Here, we studied the genetic diversity of C. difficile in retail meats, using a broad Canadian sampling infrastructure and 3 culture methods, We found 6.1% prevalence and indications of possible seasonality (highest prevalence in winter). C1 [Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander; Reid-Smith, Richard J.; Staempfli, Henry R.; Janecko, Nicol; Martin, Hayley; Weese, J. Scott] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Reid-Smith, Richard J.; Avery, Brent P.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Daignault, Danielle] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. [Thomspon, Angela D.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Limbago, Brandi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rodriguez-Palacios, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rodriguez-palaci.1@osu.edu RI Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex/C-2191-2011; OI Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander/0000-0003-0713-5605 FU Public Health Agency of Canada FX This Study was supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 802 EP 805 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081084 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800022 PM 19402975 ER PT J AU Albuquerque, MCM Pena, GPA Varella, RB Gallucci, G Erdman, D Santos, N AF Albuquerque, Maria Carolina M. Pena, Gisele P. A. Varella, Rafael B. Gallucci, George Erdman, Dean Santos, Norma TI Novel Respiratory Virus Infections in Children, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; HUMAN BOCAVIRUS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAYS; OLD AB Recently discovered respiratory viruses were detected in 19 (9.2%) of 205 nasal swab specimens from children in Brazil with respiratory illnesses. Five each were positive for human metapneumovirus (HMPV) alone and human bocavirus (HBoV) alone, 3 for human coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU1 or -NL63) alone, and 6 for more than 1 recently discovered virus. C1 [Santos, Norma] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Dept Virol, Ilha Fundao, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Varella, Rafael B.] Ctr Univ Serra Orgaos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gallucci, George; Erdman, Dean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Santos, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Dept Virol, Ilha Fundao, Cidade Univ,CCS Bl 1, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM nsantos@micro.ufrj.br RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil FX This Study was supported in part by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) and by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 806 EP 808 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081603 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800023 PM 19402976 ER PT J AU Songer, JG Trinh, HT Killgore, GE Thompson, AD McDonald, LC Limbago, BM AF Songer, J. Glenn Trinh, Hien T. Killgore, George E. Thompson, Angela D. McDonald, L. Clifford Limbago, Brandi M. TI Clostridium difficile in Retail Meat Products, USA, 2007 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; RISK AB To determine the presence of Clostridium difficile, we sampled cooked and uncooked meat products sold in Tucson, Arizona. Forty-two percent contained toxigenic C. difficile strains (either ribotype 078/toxinotype V [73%] or 027/toxinotype III [NAP1 or NAP1-related; 27%]). These findings indicate that food products may play a role in interspecies C. difficile transmission. C1 [Songer, J. Glenn] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Killgore, George E.; Thompson, Angela D.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Limbago, Brandi M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Songer, JG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gsonger@u.arizona.edu NR 15 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 819 EP 821 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081071 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800027 PM 19402980 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RM Robinson, G Elwin, K Hadfield, SJ Xiao, LH Ryan, U Modha, D Mallaghan, C AF Chalmers, Rachel M. Robinson, Guy Elwin, Kristin Hadfield, Stephen J. Xiao, Lihua Ryan, Una Modha, Deborah Mallaghan, Catherine TI Cryptosporidium sp Rabbit Genotype, a Newly Identified Human Pathogen SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Chalmers, Rachel M.; Robinson, Guy; Elwin, Kristin; Hadfield, Stephen J.] Natl Publ Hlth Serv Wales, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ryan, Una] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Modha, Deborah; Mallaghan, Catherine] Hlth Protect Agcy E Midlands S, Leicester, Leics, England. RP Chalmers, RM (reprint author), Singleton Hosp, UK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Natl Publ Hlth Serv Microbiol Swansea, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. EM rachel.chalmers@nphs.wales.nhs.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 10 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 14 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 829 EP 830 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081419 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800032 PM 19402985 ER PT J AU Foley, JE Nieto, NC Massung, R Barbet, A Madigan, J Brown, RN AF Foley, Janet E. Nieto, Nathan C. Massung, Robert Barbet, Anthony Madigan, John Brown, Richard N. TI Distinct Ecologically Relevant Strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Foley, Janet E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Massung, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barbet, Anthony] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Brown, Richard N.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Foley, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, 1320 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jefoley@ucdavis.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM081714] NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 842 EP 843 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081502 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800040 PM 19402993 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Nature Isn't What It Used To Be SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 855 EP 856 DI 10.3201/eid1505.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800048 PM 19403000 ER PT J AU Hein, MJ Deddens, JA Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Hein, Misty J. Deddens, James A. Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. TI Bias From Matching on Age at Death or Censor in Nested Case-Control Studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER CASE-CONTROL; LUNG-CANCER; BERYLLIUM WORKERS; EXPOSURE; COHORT; REEXAMINATION; MORTALITY; SELECTION; RISK; RE AB Background: Nested case-control studies frequently use incidence-density sampling based on attained age when matching controls to cases. A recently suggested additional matching criterion is age at death, with eligible controls having an age at death or censor within a specified number of years of the case's age at death. We simulated occupational cohorts with time-dependent exposures to evaluate whether adding this criterion introduces bias, and we investigated alternative methods of treating workers with zero exposure because of latency assumptions (ie, "lagged-out"). Methods: We used simulated cohorts to consider null, positive, and negative exposure effects and lag periods of 0 and 10 years. Risk sets were constructed using incidence-density sampling with matching on attained age alone or attained age plus age at death. We estimated exposure effects using conditional logistic regression for unlagged and 10-year lagged cumulative exposure. Lagged-out workers were either excluded or included and assigned zero exposure. Results: Effect estimates were generally unbiased when controls were selected by matching on attained age alone. However, the estimates were downwardly biased under the additional matching criterion. When risk was related to a lagged cumulative exposure, estimates including lagged-out workers were similarly or less biased than those excluding lagged-out workers. Conclusions: In these simulations, incidence-density sampling with matching on attained age plus age at death introduced bias. This is because sampled controls were younger at first exposure, with higher cumulative exposure compared with controls selected by matching on attained age alone. Incidence-density sampling with matching on attained age alone (and including lagged-out workers) did not introduce bias. C1 [Hein, Misty J.] NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Deddens, James A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Hein, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM MHein@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31819ed4d2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 433JJ UT WOS:000265199800004 PM 19289956 ER PT J AU Doyle, TJ Stark, L Hammond, R Hopkins, RS AF Doyle, T. J. Stark, L. Hammond, R. Hopkins, R. S. TI Outbreaks of noroviral gastroenteritis in Florida, 2006-2007 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; TRENDS AB Noroviruses are an important cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. During 2006-2007, widespread increases in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks consistent with norovirus were observed in the United States. We conducted a statewide survey to characterize norovirus outbreak activity in Florida during a 1-year period. From July 2006 to June 2007, 257 outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis were identified in 39 of Florida's 67 counties. About 44% of outbreaks were laboratory confirmed as norovirus and 93% of these were due to genogroup GII About 63% of outbreaks occurred in long-term care facilities and 10% of outbreaks were classified as foodborne. The median number of ill persons per outbreak was 24, with an estimated total of 7880 ill persons. During the study period, norovirus outbreak activity in Florida was widespread, persistent, and consistent with increased activity observed in other parts of the country. C1 [Hammond, R.] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Stark, L.] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Tampa, FL USA. [Doyle, T. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Epidemiol Field Off Programme, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Miami, FL USA. [Doyle, T. J.; Hopkins, R. S.] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Doyle, TJ (reprint author), 4052 Bald Cypress Way,Bin A-12, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM tdoyle@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 137 IS 5 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1017/S0950268808000630 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 435UU UT WOS:000265369600002 PM 18430264 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Hopp, Y Ting, TY Pennell, PB French, JA Hauser, WA Wiebe, S Gronseth, GS Thurman, D Meador, KJ Koppel, BS Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN Gidal, B Hovinga, CA Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Le Guen, C AF Harden, Cynthia L. Hopp, Jennifer Ting, Tricia Y. Pennell, Page B. French, Jacqueline A. Hauser, W. Allen Wiebe, Samuel Gronseth, Gary S. Thurman, David Meador, Kimford J. Koppel, Barbara S. Kaplan, Peter W. Robinson, Julian N. Gidal, Barry Hovinga, Collin A. Wilner, Andrew N. Vazquez, Blanca Holmes, Lewis Krumholz, Allan Finnell, Richard Le Guen, Claire TI Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): I. Obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Guideline; Pregnancy; Epilepsy; Seizure; Complications ID PERSPECTIVE; PUERPERIUM; LIFE AB A committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including the risk of pregnancy complications or other medical problems during pregnancy, change in seizure frequency, the risk of status epilepticus, and the rate of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy. The committee evaluated the available evidence according to a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles. For WWE who are taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), there is probably no substantially increased risk (> 2 times expected) of cesarean delivery or late pregnancy bleeding, and probably no moderately increased risk (> 1.5 times expected) of premature contractions or premature labor and delivery. There is possibly a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery during pregnancy for WWE who smoke. WWE should be counseled that seizure freedom for at least 9 months prior to pregnancy is probably associated with a high likelihood (84-92%) of remaining seizure-free during pregnancy. WWE who smoke should be counseled that they possibly have a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery. C1 [Harden, Cynthia L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Hopp, Jennifer; Ting, Tricia Y.; Krumholz, Allan] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pennell, Page B.; Meador, Kimford J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [French, Jacqueline A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Hauser, W. Allen] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, Samuel] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Gronseth, Gary S.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Thurman, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Koppel, Barbara S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Kaplan, Peter W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Julian N.; Holmes, Lewis] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gidal, Barry] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hovinga, Collin A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Finnell, Richard] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Le Guen, Claire] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU The Milken Family Foundation FX Ms. Le Guen reports no disclosures. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1229 EP 1236 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02128.x PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 441LG UT WOS:000265770000033 PM 19496807 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Meador, KJ Pennell, PB Hauser, WA Gronseth, GS French, JA Wiebe, S Thurman, D Koppel, BS Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN Hopp, J Ting, TY Gidal, B Hovinga, CA Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Hirtz, D Le Guen, C AF Harden, Cynthia L. Meador, Kimford J. Pennell, Page B. Hauser, W. Allen Gronseth, Gary S. French, Jacqueline A. Wiebe, Samuel Thurman, David Koppel, Barbara S. Kaplan, PeterW. Robinson, Julian N. Hopp, Jennifer Ting, Tricia Y. Gidal, Barry Hovinga, Collin A. Wilner, Andrew N. Vazquez, Blanca Holmes, Lewis Krumholz, Allan Finnell, Richard Hirtz, Deborah Le Guen, Claire TI Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): II. Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Guideline; Pregnancy; Epilepsy; Antiepileptic drugs; Teratogenesis; Major congenital malformations; Apgar score; Small for gestational age ID ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; IN-UTERO; MATERNAL EPILEPSY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; VALPROATE; INTELLIGENCE AB A committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including antiepileptic drug (AED) teratogenicity and adverse perinatal outcomes. It is highly probable that intrauterine first-trimester valproate (VPA) exposure has higher risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) compared to carbamazepine (CBZ), and possibly compared to phenytoin (PHT) or lamotrigine (LTG). It is probable that VPA as part of polytherapy and possible that VPA as monotherapy contribute to the development of MCMs. AED polytherapy probably contributes to the development of MCMs and reduced cognitive outcomes compared to monotherapy. Intrauterine exposure to VPA monotherapy probably reduces cognitive outcomes and monotherapy exposure to PHT or phenobarbital (PB) possibly reduces cognitive outcomes. Neonates of WWE taking AEDs probably have an increased risk of being small for gestational age and possibly have an increased risk of a 1-minute Apgar score of < 7. If possible, avoidance of VPA and AED polytherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy should be considered to decrease the risk of MCMs. If possible, avoidance of VPA and AED polytherapy throughout pregnancy should be considered and avoidance of PHT and PB throughout pregnancy may be considered to prevent reduced cognitive outcomes. C1 [Harden, Cynthia L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Meador, Kimford J.; Pennell, Page B.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hauser, W. Allen] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Gronseth, Gary S.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [French, Jacqueline A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, Samuel] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Thurman, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Koppel, Barbara S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Kaplan, PeterW.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Julian N.; Holmes, Lewis] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hopp, Jennifer; Ting, Tricia Y.; Krumholz, Allan] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Gidal, Barry] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gidal, Barry] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Finnell, Richard] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Hirtz, Deborah] NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Le Guen, Claire] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU The Milken Family Foundation FX Ms. Le Guen reports no disclosures. NR 45 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1246 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02129.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 441LG UT WOS:000265770000034 PM 19507301 ER PT J AU Harden, CL Pennell, PB Koppel, BS Hovinga, CA Gidal, B Meador, KJ Hopp, J Ting, TY Hauser, WA Thurman, D Kaplan, PW Robinson, JN French, JA Wiebe, S Wilner, AN Vazquez, B Holmes, L Krumholz, A Finnell, R Shafer, PO Le Guen, CL AF Harden, Cynthia L. Pennell, Page B. Koppel, Barbara S. Hovinga, Collin A. Gidal, Barry Meador, Kimford J. Hopp, Jennifer Ting, Tricia Y. Hauser, W. A. Thurman, David Kaplan, Peter W. Robinson, Julian N. French, Jacqueline A. Wiebe, Samuel Wilner, Andrew N. Vazquez, Blanca Holmes, Lewis Krumholz, Allan Finnell, Richard Shafer, Patricia O. Le Guen, Claire L. TI Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): III. Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breast-feeding SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Guideline; Pregnancy; Epilepsy; Antiepileptic drugs; Folic acid; Vitamin K ID ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; NURSED INFANTS; PROTEIN-BINDING; VALPROIC ACID; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MAJOR MALFORMATIONS; FETAL ACCUMULATION; LACTATION PERIOD; NEONATAL-PERIOD AB A committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including preconceptional folic acid and prenatal vitamin K use and the clinical implications of placental and breast-milk transfer of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The committee evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles. Preconceptional folic acid supplementation is possibly effective in preventing major congenital malformations in the newborns of WWE taking AEDs. There is inadequate evidence to determine if the newborns of WWE taking AEDs have a substantially increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Primidone and levetiracetam probably transfer into breast milk in clinically important amounts. Valproate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine probably are not transferred into breast milk in clinically important amounts. Pregnancy probably causes an increase in the clearance and a decrease in the concentrations of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and, to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative (MHD). Supplementing WWE with at least 0.4 mg of folic acid before pregnancy may be considered. Monitoring of lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin levels during pregnancy should be considered, and monitoring of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine (as MHD) levels may be considered. A paucity of evidence limited the strength of many recommendations. C1 [Harden, Cynthia L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Pennell, Page B.; Meador, Kimford J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Koppel, Barbara S.] New York Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Hovinga, Collin A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Gidal, Barry] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hopp, Jennifer; Ting, Tricia Y.; Krumholz, Allan] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hauser, W. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Thurman, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kaplan, Peter W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robinson, Julian N.; Holmes, Lewis] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [French, Jacqueline A.; Vazquez, Blanca] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Wiebe, Samuel] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Finnell, Richard] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Shafer, Patricia O.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Le Guen, Claire L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harden, CL (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com RI French, Jacqueline/G-6795-2013 OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU The Milken Family Foundation FX The Milken Family Foundation contributed support for this project. The authors thank Laura Moses for assistance in preparation of this manuscript. We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines. NR 45 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1255 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02130.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 441LG UT WOS:000265770000035 PM 19507305 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Baddley, JW Peterson, SW Nickle, D Varga, J Boey, A Lass-Florl, C Frisvad, JC Samson, RA AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Baddley, John W. Peterson, Stephen W. Nickle, David Varga, Janos Boey, Angeline Lass-Floerl, Cornelia Frisvad, Jens C. Samson, Robert A. CA ISHAM Working Grp A Terreus TI Aspergillus alabamensis, a New Clinically Relevant Species in the Section Terrei SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY; FUMIGATUS; NEOSARTORYA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; EXPERIENCE AB Phylogenetic analyses of sequences generated from portions of three genes coding for the proteins enolase (enoA), beta-tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (calM) of a large number of isolates within the section Terrei, genus Aspergillus, revealed the presence of a new cryptic species within this section, Aspergillus alabamensis. Most members of this new cryptic species were recovered as colonizing isolates from immunocompetent patient populations, had decreased in vitro susceptibilities to the antifungal drug amphotericin B, and were morphologically similar to but genetically distinct from Aspergillus terreus isolates. C1 [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi; Boey, Angeline] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baddley, John W.] Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Baddley, John W.] Birmingham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Nickle, David] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Varga, Janos; Samson, Robert A.] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Varga, Janos] Univ Szeged, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci & Informat, Szeged, Hungary. [Lass-Floerl, Cornelia] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Hyg Microbiol & Social Med, Innsbruck, Austria. [Frisvad, Jens C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, Biocentrum DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Dijksterhuis, Jan/K-5945-2014 OI Dijksterhuis, Jan/0000-0002-2649-1704 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1128/EC.00272-08 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 443JM UT WOS:000265906000004 PM 19304950 ER PT J AU Pires, SM Evers, EG van Pelt, W Ayers, T Scallan, E Angulo, FJ Havelaar, A Hald, T AF Pires, Sara M. Evers, Eric G. van Pelt, Wilfrid Ayers, Tracy Scallan, Elaine Angulo, Frederick J. Havelaar, Arie Hald, Tine CA Med-Vet-Net Workpackage 28 Working TI Attributing the Human Disease Burden of Foodborne Infections to Specific Sources SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERT ELICITATION; TYPING METHODS; SALMONELLA; DENMARK; FOOD; SURVEILLANCE; ENGLAND AB Foodborne diseases are an important cause of human illness worldwide. Humans acquire these infections from a variety of sources and routes of transmission. Many efforts have been made in the last decades to prevent and control foodborne diseases, particularly foodborne zoonoses. However, information on the impact of these interventions is limited. To identify and prioritize successful food safety interventions, it is important to attribute the burden of human illness to the specific sources. Defining scientific concepts and harmonizing terminology for "source attribution" is essential for understanding and improving attribution methodologies and for sharing knowledge within the scientific community. We propose harmonized nomenclature, and describe the various approaches for human illness source attribution and their usefulness to address specific public health questions. C1 [Pires, Sara M.; Hald, Tine] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Evers, Eric G.; Havelaar, Arie] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Zoonoses & Environm Microbiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Pelt, Wilfrid] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Epidemiol & Surveillance Unit, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Ayers, Tracy; Scallan, Elaine; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Havelaar, Arie] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Pires, SM (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Morkhoj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Soborg, Denmark. EM smpi@food.dtu.dk RI Snary, Emma/C-7932-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Hald, Tine/B-5477-2016; OI Sanders, Pascal/0000-0003-4019-480X; Ayers, Tracy/0000-0003-4140-3263 NR 41 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 25 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0208 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000265783100002 PM 19415971 ER PT J AU Gargouri, N Walke, H Belbeisi, A Hadadin, A Salah, S Ellis, A Braam, HP Angulo, FJ AF Gargouri, Neyla Walke, Henry Belbeisi, Adel Hadadin, Aktham Salah, Seifeddin Ellis, Andrea Braam, H. P. Angulo, Frederick J. TI Estimated Burden of Human Salmonella, Shigella, and Brucella Infections in Jordan, 2003-2004 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; NORTHERN JORDAN; ACUTE DIARRHEA; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; SURVEILLANCE; COUNTRIES; MAGNITUDE; COMMUNITY; BACTERIAL AB Background: There is limited information on the disease burden due to foodborne pathogens in the eastern Mediterranean region. This study estimates the burden of disease in Jordan for Salmonella, Shigella, and Brucella during 1 year. Methods: Nationwide population and laboratory surveys were conducted during September 2003 and May 2004, and burden of disease estimates were calculated. A validation study was conducted prospectively from August to September 2003 to provide an estimate of the internal validity of burden estimates. Results: Each year in Jordan there are about 4.4 million episodes of diarrhea among persons >1 year of age and about 1.3 million persons seek medical care for diarrhea. For each person with laboratory-confirmed Shigella or Salmonella infection there are about 273 infected persons in the community. There are approximately 1.1 million episodes of fever and 0.7 million persons >1 year of age seeking medical care for fever each year. For each person with serological confirmed Brucella infection there are about 31 infected persons in the community. There are at least 16,260 Shigella, 6612 Salmonella, and 6912 Brucella cases yearly. Conclusion: This study provides baseline information of the burden of selected foodborne pathogens for 1 year in Jordan and indicates significant underreporting and under-diagnosis of Shigella and Salmonella infections. C1 [Walke, Henry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev Branch, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gargouri, Neyla; Belbeisi, Adel; Hadadin, Aktham; Salah, Seifeddin] Jordan Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan. [Ellis, Andrea] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Infect Dis & Emergency Preparedness Branch, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Braam, H. P.] Dutch Food & Consumer Prod Safety Author, The Hague, Netherlands. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walke, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev Branch, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E93, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hfw3@cdc.gov FU CDC-WHO Cooperative Agreement for International Emerging Infections [UC-CCU012445-10] FX We thank the physicians, lab technicians, and nurses working in comprehensive health centers of Wadi Al-Sir, Ein Al-Bacha, Al-Msherfa, Al-Sareeh, Ajloon, Rhab, Rabba, Wadi Mussa, and Al-Gweira. We acknowledge the assistance of Stephanie Delong (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases), Fethi Saleh (Jordan Food and Drug Administration, Food Safety Directorate), and Tarak Sanouri (Jordan Central Public Health Laboratory, Bacteriology Department). Funding was provided to Jordan from WHO with funds provided by CDC-WHO Cooperative Agreement for International Emerging Infections (UC-CCU012445-10). NR 17 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0192 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000265783100009 PM 19415972 ER PT J AU Liu, TB Valdez, R Yoon, PW Crocker, D Moonesinghe, R Khoury, MJ AF Liu, Tiebin Valdez, Rodolfo Yoon, Paula W. Crocker, Deidre Moonesinghe, Ramal Khoury, Muin J. TI The association between family history of asthma and the prevalence of asthma among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult; asthma; prevalence; family history; NHANES ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTOR; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; ADAM33; WOMEN AB Purpose: To assess the overall prevalence of asthma and the association between family history of asthma and the prevalence of asthma among US adults. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004 for 15,008 respondents aged 20 years or older with no history of emphysema. We divided respondents into three familial risk groups (high, moderate, and average) on the basis of the number and closeness of relatives, that they reported as having asthma and then assessed the asthma prevalence in each. We also assessed associations between asthma prevalence and age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, body mass index, smoking status, household smoking exposure, and physical activity. Results: By our definitions, 2.3% of respondents were at high, 13.0% at moderate, and 84.7% at average familial risk for asthma. The crude prevalence of self-reported lifetime asthma was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.7-12.3%) among all respondents, and 37.6% (95% CI: 30.4-45.4%), 20.4% (95% CI: 18.2-22.7%), and 9.4% (95% CI: 8.7-10.2%) among those at high, moderate, and average Familial risk, respectively. Among all risk factors we looked at, family history had the strongest association with lifetime asthma prevalence, and the association remained significant after adjustments for other risk factors. Compared with average familial risk, the adjusted odds ratios for lifetime asthma were 2.4 (95% CI: 2.0-2.8) for moderate and 4.8 (95% CI: 3.5-6.7) for high familial risk. Conclusion: Our findings showed that a family history of asthma is an important risk factor for asthma and that familial risk assessments can help identify people at highest risk for developing asthma. Additional research is needed to assess how health care professionals can use family history information in the early detection and management of asthma. Genet Med 2009:11(5):323-328. C1 [Liu, Tiebin; Valdez, Rodolfo; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yoon, Paula W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Crocker, Deidre] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Moonesinghe, Ramal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Liu, TB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tliu@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31819d3015 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 449HQ UT WOS:000266321800003 PM 19452621 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, Muin J. TI Evidence Dilemma: The Authors Respond SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter ID EGAPP WORKING GROUP; RECOMMENDATIONS; CANCER; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 926 EP 927 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 441OV UT WOS:000265779400049 ER PT J AU McCurley, MC Miller, CW Tucker, FE Guinn, A Donnelly, E Ansari, A Holcombe, M Nemhauser, JB Whitcomb, RC AF McCurley, M. Carol Miller, Charles W. Tucker, Florie E. Guinn, Amy Donnelly, Elizabeth Ansari, Armin Holcombe, Maire Nemhauser, Jeffrey B. Whitcomb, Robert C., Jr. TI Educating Medical Staff About Responding to a Radiological or Nuclear Emergency SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; education, health physics; emergencies, radiological; emergency planning AB A growing body of audience research reveals medical personnel in hospitals are unprepared for a large-scale radiological emergency such as a terrorist event involving radioactive or nuclear materials. Also, medical personnel in hospitals lack a basic understanding of radiation principles, as well as diagnostic and treatment guidelines for radiation exposure. Clinicians have indicated that they lack sufficient training on radiological emergency preparedness; they are potentially unwilling to treat patients if those patients are perceived to be radiologically contaminated; and they have major concerns about public panic and overloading of clinical systems. fit response to these findings, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a tool kit for use by hospital medical personnel who may be called on to respond to unintentional or intentional mass-casually radiological and nuclear events. This tool kit includes clinician fact. sheets, a clinician pocket guide, a digital video disc (DVD) of just-in-time basic skills training, a CD-ROM training on mass-casualty management, and a satellite broadcast dealing with medical management or radiological events. CDC training information emphasizes the key role that medical health physicists can play in the education and support or emergency department activities following a radiological or nuclear mass-casualty event. Health Phys. 96(Supplement 2):S50-S54; 2009 C1 [McCurley, M. Carol; Miller, Charles W.; Donnelly, Elizabeth; Ansari, Armin; Holcombe, Maire; Nemhauser, Jeffrey B.; Whitcomb, Robert C., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McCurley, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E58, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmo3@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 96 IS 5 SU S BP S50 EP S54 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 431NF UT WOS:000265067600003 PM 19359842 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Anderson, JE Correa-de-Araujo, R Posner, SF Atrash, HK AF Ebrahim, Shahul H. Anderson, John E. Correa-de-Araujo, Rosaly Posner, Samuel F. Atrash, Hani K. TI Overcoming social and health inequalities among US women of reproductive age-Challenges to the nation's health in the 21st century SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE United States; Macrosocial determinants; Women; Pregnancy; Children ID UNITED-STATES AB Objective: To frame the discussion of the nation's health within the context of maternal and child health. Methods: We used national data or estimates to assess the burden of 46 determinants. Results: During 2002-2004, U.S. women of reproductive age experienced significant challenges from macrosocial determinants, to health care access, and to their individual health preservation. Two-thirds of women do not consume recommended levels of fruits and vegetables. Overall, 29% experienced income poverty, 16.3% were uninsured. About one in four women of reproductive age lived with poor social capital. Compared with white women of reproductive age, non-white women reported higher levels of dissatisfaction with the health care system and race-related discrimination. Among all U.S. women, chronic diseases contributed to the top nine leading causes of disability adjusted life years. About one-third of women had no prophylactic dental visits in the past year, or consumed alcohol at harmful levels and smoked tobacco. One in three women who had a child born recently did not breast feed their babies. Demographics of women who are at increased risk for the above indicators predominate among the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Conclusions: At least three-fourths of the U.S. women of reproductive age were at risk for poor health of their own and their offspring. Social intermediation and health policy changes are needed to increase the benefits of available health and social sector interventions to women and thereby to their offspring. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 [Ebrahim, Shahul H.; Anderson, John E.; Posner, Samuel F.; Atrash, Hani K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Correa-de-Araujo, Rosaly] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop E-64,1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sebrahim@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD MAY PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.011 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 444RL UT WOS:000265998000011 PM 19027188 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Sozzi, V Thompson, G Campbell, K Walker, CM Locarnini, S Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, Saleem Sozzi, Vitini Thompson, Geoff Campbell, Katie Walker, Christopher M. Locarnini, Stephen Krawczynski, Krzysztof TI Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine Against Antiviral Drug-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Mutants in the Chimpanzee Model SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ESCAPE MUTANT; POLYMERASE GENE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HCV INFECTION; OCCULT HBV; SELECTION; VARIANTS; INDIVIDUALS; MECHANISMS; THERAPY AB Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants resistant to treatment with nucleoside or nucleotide analogs and those with the ability to escape from HBV-neutralizing antibody have the potential to infect HBV-vaccinated individuals. To address this potential serious public health challenge, we tested the efficacy of immunity induced by a commercial hepatitis B vaccine against a tissue culture-derived, clonal HBV polymerase mutant in HBV seronegative chimpanzees. The polymerase gene mutant contained a combination of three mutations (rtV173L, rtL180M, rtM204V), two of which resulted in changes to the overlapping viral envelope of the hepatitis B surface antigen (sE164D, sI195M). Prior to the HBV mutant challenge of vaccinated chimpanzees, we established virologic, serologic, and pathologic characteristics of infections resulting from intravenous inoculation of the HBV polymerase gene mutant and the sG145R vaccine-escape surface gene mutant. Cloning and sequencing experiments determined that the three mutations in the polymerase gene mutant remained stable and that the single mutation in the surface gene mutant reverted to the wild-type sequence. Immunological evidence of HBV replication was observed in the vaccinated chimpanzees after challenge with the polymerase gene mutant as well as after rechallenge with serum-derived wild-type HBV (5,000 chimpanzee infectious doses administered intravenously), despite robust humoral and cellular anti-HBV immune responses after hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusion: Our data showing successful experimental infection by HBV mutants despite the presence of high anti-HBs levels considered protective in the vaccinated host are consistent with clinical reports on breakthrough infection in anti-HBs-positive patients infected with HBV mutants. In the absence of a protective humoral immunity, adaptive cellular immune responses elicited by infection may limit HBV replication and persistence. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:1483-1491.) C1 [Kamili, Saleem; Krawczynski, Krzysztof] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sozzi, Vitini; Thompson, Geoff; Locarnini, Stephen] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Campbell, Katie; Walker, Christopher M.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Vaccine & Immun, Columbus, OH USA. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KZKI@CDC.OV NR 25 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1483 EP 1491 DI 10.1002/hep.22796 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 439ZX UT WOS:000265668500011 PM 19274751 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ AF McMahon, Brian J. TI The Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIH Consensus Development Conference on Management of Hepatitis B Virus CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; E-ANTIGEN SEROCONVERSION; ADVANCED LIVER-DISEASE; CIRRHOSIS TYPE-B; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HBSAG SEROCLEARANCE; HBV INFECTION; C VIRUS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; INTERFERON-ALPHA AB Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a complicated course. Three phases are identified: an immune tolerant phase with high HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels associated with minimal liver disease; an immune active phase with high HBV DNA and elevated ALT levels with active liver inflammation; and an inactive phase with HBV DNA levels < 2000 IU/mL and normal ALT levels with minimal inflammation and fibrosis on liver biopsy. Affected persons can move progressively from one phase to the next and may revert backward. The primary adverse outcomes of chronic HBV infection are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. Published natural history studies were reviewed and ranked by the strength of evidence regarding the study design. Factors with the highest evidence of risk for development of HCC or cirrhosis from population-based prospective cohort studies include male sex, family history of HCC, HBV DNA level above 2000 IU/mL in persons above age 40, HBV genotypes C and F, and basal core promoter mutation. Those with the next highest level of evidence include aflatoxin exposure, and heavy alcohol and tobacco use. Improved methods to identify persons at highest risk of developing HCC or cirrhosis are needed to allow intervention earlier with antiviral therapy in appropriate patients. Future studies should include prospective follow-up of established population-based cohorts as well as new cohorts recruited from multiple centers stratified by HBV genotypes/subgenotypes and clinical phase to determine the incidence of the various HBV phases, HCC, and cirrhosis. Also, nested case-control studies assessing immunological and host genetic factors among persons with active and inactive disease phases, HCC, and cirrhosis could be conducted using these types of cohorts. (HEPATOLOcY 2009;49:S45-S55.) C1 [McMahon, Brian J.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Alaska Native Med Ctr, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bdm9@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 278 Z9 314 U1 2 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP S45 EP S55 DI 10.1002/hep.22898 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 439ZZ UT WOS:000265668700007 PM 19399792 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, CM Mast, EE Ward, JW AF Weinbaum, Cindy M. Mast, Eric E. Ward, John W. TI Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIH Consensus Development Conference on Management of Hepatitis B Virus CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHRONIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; NATURAL-HISTORY; HIV COINFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR AB Early identification of persons with chronic HBV infection enables infected persons to receive necessary care to prevent or delay onset of liver disease, and enables the identification and vaccination of susceptible household contacts and sex partners, interrupting ongoing transmission. Testing has been recommended previously to enable primary prevention of HBV infection among close contacts for pregnant women, household contacts and sex partners of HBV-infected persons, persons born in countries with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence of more than 8%, persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures that might warrant postexposure prophylaxis (e.g., needlestick injury to a healthcare worker or sexual assault), and to enable appropriate treatment for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Recently, with the increasing availability of efficacious hepatitis B treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published new recommendations for public health evaluation and management for chronically infected persons and their contacts and extended testing recommendations to include persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of greater than 2%, men who have sex with men, and injection drug users. Patient and provider education, developing partnerships between health departments and community organizations, and other resources will be needed to assure appropriate populations are tested and care provided for persons newly identified as HBsAg-positive. (HEPATOLOGY 2009; 49:S35-S44.) C1 [Weinbaum, Cindy M.; Mast, Eric E.; Ward, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinbaum, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 12 Corp Blvd,Room 3208, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cweinbaum@cdc.gov RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 86 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP S35 EP S44 DI 10.1002/hep.22882 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 439ZZ UT WOS:000265668700006 PM 19399812 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Yawn, BP AF Harpaz, Rafael Yawn, Barbara P. TI Trends in Rates of Herpes Zoster-Related Hospitalizations: Are They Real, Are They Costly, and Are They Linked to Varicella Vaccination? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yawn, Barbara P.] Olmsted Med Ctr, Dept Res, Rochester, MN USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Mail Stop A-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RHarpaz@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1086/597233 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 429BW UT WOS:000264896800017 PM 19344268 ER PT J AU Panuwet, P Prapamontol, T Chantara, S Barr, DB AF Panuwet, Parinya Prapamontol, Tippawan Chantara, Somporn Barr, Dana B. TI Urinary pesticide metabolites in school students from northern Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Biomarker of exposure; Chiang Mai children; HPLC-MS/MS; Pesticide exposure assessment; Pesticide-specific urinary metabolites; Biomonitoring ID AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; PARATHION; HEALTH AB We evaluated exposure to pesticides among secondary school students aged 12-13 years old in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Pesticide-specific urinary metabolites were used as biomarkers of exposure for a variety of pesticides, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and selected herbicides. We employed a simple solid-phase extraction with analysis using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A total of 207 urine samples from Thai students were analyzed for 18 specific pesticide metabolites. We found 14 metabolites in the urine samples tested; seven of them were detected with a frequency >= 17%. The most frequently detected metabolites were 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl) sulfanyl] succinic acid (malathion dicarboxylic acid), para-nitrophenol (PNP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TPCY; metabolite of chlorpyrifos), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids (c-DCCA and t-DCCA; metabolite of permethrin) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA; metabolite of pyrethroids). The students were classified into 4 groups according to their parental occupations: farmers (N = 60), merchants and traders (N = 39), government and company employees (N = 52), and laborers (N = 56). Children of farmers had significantly higher urinary concentrations of pyrethroid insecticide metabolites than did other children (p < 0.05). Similarly, children of agricultural families had significantly higher pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Males had significantly higher values of PNP (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.009); however, no other sex-related differences were observed. Because parental occupation and agricultural activities seemed to have little influence on pesticide levels, dietary sources were the likely contributors to the metabolite levels observed. (C) 2008 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Panuwet, Parinya; Prapamontol, Tippawan] Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Pollut & Environm Hlth Res Prograrn, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Panuwet, Parinya] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Environm Sci PhD Program, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Chantara, Somporn] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Prapamontol, T (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Pollut & Environm Hlth Res Prograrn, POB 80, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM rhxxo005@chiangmai.ac.th RI Chantara, Somporn/A-1231-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Contemporary Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Science; National Center for Environmental Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Georgia, USA FX This research was supported by the Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Thailand and Contemporary Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Georgia, USA.; We also would like to thank Nguyen, V.J., Baker, S.E., Romanoff, L.C., Udunka, O.S., Hurtz, D. and Whitehead, R.D. for their technical assistances. Special thanks also would be given to Dr. Anders O. Olsson and Dr. Gayanga Weerasekera.; The views represented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 EI 1618-131X J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 212 IS 3 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.07.002 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 432JP UT WOS:000265129600003 PM 18760967 ER PT J AU Jordan, HT Prapasiri, P Areerat, P Anand, S Clague, B Sutthirattana, S Chamany, S Flannery, B Olsen, SJ AF Jordan, Hannah T. Prapasiri, Prabda Areerat, Peera Anand, Shuchi Clague, Birgit Sutthirattana, Saithip Chamany, Shadi Flannery, Brendan Olsen, Sonia J. TI A comparison of population-based pneumonia surveillance and health-seeking behavior in two provinces in rural Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pneumonia; Surveillance; Population-based; Health seeking; Thailand ID CHILDREN; BURDEN; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; AGE AB Objectives: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, but there are limited population-based data on the burden of disease. We sought to determine the incidence of pneumonia in rural Thailand. Methods: Active, population-based surveillance for hospitalized, radiotogically-confirmed pneumonia was conducted in two rural Thai provinces. Incidence rates were calculated using census data. Residents of each province were surveyed regarding healthcare utilization for pneumonia. Survey results were used to adjust the incidence of hospitalized pneumonia for incomplete use of hospital care. Results: In the province of Nakhon Phanom, active surveillance identified 1457 radiologically-confirmed, hospitalized pneumonia cases during the period September 2003-August 2004. The unadjusted incidence was 201/100 000/year; adjusted for incomplete radiography, the incidence was 485/100 000/year. Incidence was highest in persons aged <5 years (2783/100000/year) and >65 years (1573/100 000/year). The community survey found that 58% of persons with probable pneumonia reported seeking healthcare at hospital facilities. Adjusted for healthcare access, pneumonia incidence in Nakhon Phanom was 831/100 000/year, compared with 495/ 100 000/year in the province of Sa Kaeo during 2002-2003. Conclusions: The incidence of pneumonia in rural Thailand is high. Ongoing surveillance can guide and evaluate prevention strategies. Community surveys complement pneumonia surveillance data by providing a more complete estimate of disease burden. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Olsen, Sonia J.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Global Act Team, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chamany, Shadi] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Anand, Shuchi] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Areerat, Peera] Minist Publ Hlth, Nakhon Phanom Prov Hlth Off, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand. [Prapasiri, Prabda] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth Collaborat, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand. [Clague, Birgit; Sutthirattana, Saithip] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Jordan, Hannah T.; Flannery, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jordan, Hannah T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Global Act Team, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM SOlsen@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.07.014 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 447FK UT WOS:000266176800014 PM 18977679 ER PT J AU Domeika, M Savicheva, A Sokolovskiy, E Ballard, R Unemo, M AF Domeika, M. Savicheva, A. Sokolovskiy, E. Ballard, R. Unemo, M. CA EE SRH Network TI Quality enhancements and quality assurance of laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in Eastern Europe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; LOW-RESOURCE COUNTRIES; IN-HOUSE PCR; VAGINAL SAMPLES; RUSSIA; LITHUANIA; ASSAYS; TESTS; WOMEN C1 [Domeika, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala Eastern European Comm Swedish Hlth Care C, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sokolovskiy, E.] I Pavlov St Petersburg State Med Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Ballard, R.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Unemo, M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Swedish Reference Lab Pathogen Neisseria, Orebro, Sweden. RP Domeika, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala Eastern European Comm Swedish Hlth Care C, Stockholm, Sweden. EM marius.domeika@medsci.uu.se NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 365 EP 367 DI 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009051 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 450IG UT WOS:000266393600017 PM 19386980 ER PT J AU Slack, AT Galloway, RL Symonds, ML Dohnt, MF Smythe, LD AF Slack, Andrew T. Galloway, Renee L. Symonds, Meegan L. Dohnt, Michael F. Smythe, Lee D. TI Reclassification of Leptospira meyeri serovar Perameles to Leptospira interrogans serovar Perameles through serological and molecular analysis: evidence of a need for changes to current procedures in Leptospira taxonomy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SP NOV.; FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS; AUSTRALIA; OUTBREAK AB It has been recognized that there is heterogeneity among Leptospira isolates in culture collections worldwide, causing confounding results for researchers utilizing these organisms; one such culture is Leptospira meyeri serovar Perameles. The serovar reference strain Bandicoot 343 was previously identified to the species level by DNA-DNA hybridization; however, subsequent published studies demonstrated results that contradicted the initial speciation. In this study, initial serological testing was performed with isolates from the culture collections of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, USA (strain Lepto0214), and the WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Brisbane, Australia (strain Bandicoot 343), and the original serovar Perameles hyperimmune antiserum produced in 1964. The results indicated that strain Lepto0214 was not serologically reactive to the antiserum. However, further investigations revealed an alternative serovar Perameles strain held in the CDC collection (Lepto0213) that yielded titres against the antiserum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the three strains revealed that Lepto0214 had significant sequence similarity with previously sequenced L. meyeri strains; however, strains Lepto0213 and Bandicoot 343 had significant similarity with Leptospira interrogans strains. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Lepto0214 had a pattern similar to that of L. meyeri serovar Hardjo strain Went 5, and the pattern differed significantly from those of Lepto0213 and Bandicoot 343. This research provides evidence for the reclassification of serovar Perameles from L. meyeri to L. interrogans. This reclassification highlights a need for changes to how reference Leptospira serovars are identified, disseminated and stored, with the aim of reducing heterogeneity of reference strains between culture collections. C1 [Slack, Andrew T.; Symonds, Meegan L.; Dohnt, Michael F.; Smythe, Lee D.] Queensland Hlth Forens & Sci Serv, Coopers Plains, Qld, Australia. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM Lee_Smythe@health.qld.gov.au NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.000992-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 450UL UT WOS:000266426400050 PM 19406819 ER PT J AU Lam, PK Lobue, PA Catanzaro, A AF Lam, P. K. LoBue, P. A. Catanzaro, A. TI Clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis by specialists and non-specialists SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; microscopy; radiography; risk factors ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; SUSPICION; KNOWLEDGE AB In resource-limited settings, tuberculosis (TB) is often diagnosed by non-physicians using the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear only. This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of various clinicians using patient-risk history, radiography and AFB smear. A total of 321 physicians, nurses and medical students evaluated 22 profiles of TB suspects and quantified their clinical suspicion (1-99%). Culture results determined diagnostic accuracy. Overall, high-level physician training may not be required; nurses working on TB, given radiograph readings, were as accurate as TB physicians and more accurate than other physicians and clinicians. By considering clinical findings with smear results, TB specialists were significantly more accurate than smear results alone. C1 [Lam, P. K.; Catanzaro, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [LoBue, P. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Catanzaro, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 200 W Arbor Dr 8374, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM acatanzaro@ucsd.edu RI Lam, Ping Koy/A-5276-2008 OI Lam, Ping Koy/0000-0002-4421-601X FU NIH [R01 AI053731] FX The authors thank Peach Francisco for data collection and her assistance in conducting the study. This research work was funded by NIH grant #R01 AI053731. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 659 EP 661 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 436OY UT WOS:000265424900022 PM 19383202 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Geduld, J Boulos, D Rhodes, P An, Q Mastro, TD Janssen, RS Archibald, CP AF Hall, H. Irene Geduld, Jennifer Boulos, David Rhodes, Philip An, Qian Mastro, Timothy D. Janssen, Robert S. Archibald, Chris P. TI Epidemiology of HIV in the United States and Canada: Current Status and Ongoing Challenges SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; United States; Canada ID MEN; SEX; PREVALENCE; MONITOR AB Purpose: To determine the status of the HIV epidemic in the United States and Canada. Methods: We used data on AIDS and HIV diagnoses for 19962005 reported to the United States and Canadian national surveillance systems to determine trends in AIDS and HIV (33 US states only) diagnoses and to identify population groups most affected by HIV HIV incidence for Canada was determined using back-calculation methods. We also determined the proportion of persons diagnosed late (HIV diagnosis within 12 months before AIDS diagnosis). Results: AIDS diagnosis rates were higher in 2005 among blacks (54.1 per 100,000) and Hispanics (18.0) compared with whites (5.9) in the United States and among blacks (4.7) and aboriginal peoples (4.9) compared with whites (0.7) in Canada. Since 2001, HIV diagnoses increased among men who have sex with men in both countries and in Canada, increased among persons from HIV-endemic countries and where heterosexual contact was the only identified risk of transmission. Overall, HIV incidence remained relatively stable in Canada during that period., large proportion of persons were diagnosed late in the disease process (United States, 54.3%; Canada, 64.2%). Conclusions: Rates of HIV transmission remain a challenge in both the United States and Canada as overall diagnosis rates have not decreased in recent years. Renewed prevention efforts are needed to further reduce the high HIV diagnosis rates among racial/ethnic minorities and to decrease HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. C1 [Hall, H. Irene; Rhodes, Philip; Mastro, Timothy D.; Janssen, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Geduld, Jennifer; Boulos, David; Archibald, Chris P.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Communicable Dis & Infect Control, Surveillance & Risk Assessment Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [An, Qian] Ginn Grp Inc, Peachtree City, GA USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 51 SU 1 BP S13 EP S20 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 438WG UT WOS:000265586100003 PM 19384096 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Morales-Miranda, S Jacobson, JO Gupta, SK Sabin, K Mendoza, S Paredes, M Alvarez, B Monterroso, E AF Paz-Bailey, Gabriela Morales-Miranda, Sonia Jacobson, Jerry O. Gupta, Sundeep K. Sabin, Keith Mendoza, Suyapa Paredes, Mayte Alvarez, Berta Monterroso, Edgar TI High Rates of STD and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Garifunas in Honduras SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res DE behavioral survey; Garifuna; HIV; Honduras; STI ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; WOMEN AB Background: Honduras has the highest concentration of HIV and AIDS cases in Central America, with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 1.5%. Prevalence is higher among certain ethnic groups such as the Garifuna with a reported HIV prevalence of 8%. Methods: A biological and behavioral survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of the Garifuna population in Honduras, using computer-assisted interviews. Blood was tested for HIV, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis; urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalum. Results: We enrolled a total of 817 participants, 41% female and 51% male. Estimated prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were: HIV, 4.5% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.6), HSV-2, 51.1% (95% Cl: 46.7 to 55.6), and syphilis seropositivity, 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0). Sexually transmitted infections in urine were: chlamydia, 6.8% (95% CI: 4.7. to 9.7), gonorrhea, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4 to 2.9), trichomoniasis, 10.5% (95% CI: 8.1 to 13.6), and Mycoplasma genitalium, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.1 to 9.9). Consistent condom use was low with stable (10.6%) and casual (41.4%) partners. In multivariate analysis, HIV was associated with rural residence. HSV-2 was associated with female sex, older age, and syphilis seropositivity. Conclusions: We found a moderate prevalence of HIV and a high prevalence of HSV-2 among the Garifunas. HSV-2 may increase the vulnerability of these populations to HIV in the future. Intervention strategies should emphasize sexually transmitted infection control and condom promotion, specifically targeting the Garifuna population. C1 [Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Morales-Miranda, Sonia; Jacobson, Jerry O.; Gupta, Sundeep K.; Monterroso, Edgar] Univ Valle Guatemala, Global AIDS Program Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. [Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Morales-Miranda, Sonia; Jacobson, Jerry O.; Gupta, Sundeep K.; Monterroso, Edgar] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. [Sabin, Keith] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mendoza, Suyapa; Paredes, Mayte; Alvarez, Berta] Secretaria Salud Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, Global AIDS Program Cent Amer & Panama, 18 Ave 11-42 Zone 15,Vista Hermosa 3, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. EM gpaz@gt.cdc.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 51 BP S26 EP S34 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 438WG UT WOS:000265586100005 PM 19384098 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ TI Urinary Metabolites of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Are Associated With Decreased Steroid Hormone Levels in Adult Men SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Androgen; biomarker; endocrine; environment; human; estrogen; male reproduction; testosterone ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION; MALE-INFERTILITY; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-UTERO AB Experimental animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to some phthalates may be associated with altered endocrine function and adverse effects on male reproductive development and function, but human studies are limited. In the present study, urine and serum samples were collected from 425 men recruited through a US infertility clinic. Urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the hydrolytic metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and other phthalate monoester metabolites were measured, along with serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and prolactin. Two oxidized urinary metabolites of DEHP were also measured in urine from 221 of the men. In multiple regression models adjusted for potential confounders, MEHP was inversely associated with testosterone, estradiol, and free androgen index (FAI). An interquartile range increase in MEHP was associated with 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.8% to -0.5%) and 6.8% (95% Cl, -11.2% to -2.4%) declines in testosterone and estradiol, respectively, relative to the population median hormone levels. There was limited evidence for effect modification of the inverse association between MEHP and FAI by the proportion of DEHP metabolites in the urine measured as MEHP (MEHP%), which is considered a phenotypic marker of less efficient metabolism of DEHP to its oxidized metabolites. Finally, the ratio of testosterone to estradiol was positively associated with MEHP (P = .07) and MEHP% (P = .007), suggesting potential relationships with aromatase suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that urinary metabolites of DEHP are inversely associated with circulating steroid hormone levels in adult men. However, additional research is needed to confirm these findings. C1 [Meeker, John D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES009718, ES00002]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX Supported by grants ES009718 and ES00002 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 51 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.2164/jandrol.108.006403 PG 11 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 439IO UT WOS:000265621000011 PM 19059903 ER PT J AU Thakur, S White, DG McDermott, PF Zhao, S Kroft, B Gebreyes, W Abbott, J Cullen, P English, L Carter, P Harbottle, H AF Thakur, S. White, D. G. McDermott, P. F. Zhao, S. Kroft, B. Gebreyes, W. Abbott, J. Cullen, P. English, L. Carter, P. Harbottle, H. TI Genotyping of Campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; Campylobacter coli; humans; multilocus sequence typing; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; retail meats ID SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISCRIMINATORY ABILITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; JEJUNI STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; CHICKEN; PREVALENCE AB To determine the antimicrobial resistant profiles and clonality of Campylobacter coli isolated from clinically ill humans and retail meats. A total of 98 C. coli isolates (20 from humans and 78 from retail meats) were phenotypically characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using agar dilution method for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin and doxycycline. Seventy C. coli isolates including humans (n = 20) and retail meats (n = 50) were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was found in 29% and 15% of isolates from retail meats and humans. We observed 61 PFGE profiles using two enzymes (SmaI, KpnI) with an Index of discrimination of 0.99, whereas MLST generated 37 sequence types. Two clonal complexes were identified with 58 (82%) C. coli isolates clustered in the ST-828 complex. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was identified in C. coli obtained from retail meats and ill humans. PFGE typing of C. coli isolates was more discriminatory than MLST. Grouping of C. coli isolates (82%) by MLST in ST-828 clonal complex indicates a common ancestry. A high frequency of resistance found to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin is concerning from food safety perspective. PFGE using single or double restriction enzymes was found to be more discriminatory than MLST for genotyping C. coli. Overall, the C. coli populations recovered from humans and retail meats were genotypically diverse. C1 [Thakur, S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [White, D. G.; McDermott, P. F.; Zhao, S.; Abbott, J.; English, L.; Carter, P.; Harbottle, H.] USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Laurel, MD USA. [Kroft, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gebreyes, W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cullen, P.] CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thakur, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM sid_thakur@ncsu.edu NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1733 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04142.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 429ZG UT WOS:000264958000033 PM 19226383 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Martin, A Pau, CP Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Martin, Amy Pau, Chou-Pong Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Heneine, Walid Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI Effect of Mobile Phase pH and Organic Content on LC-MS Analysis of Nucleoside and Nucleotide HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; PLASMA; HPLC; RETENTION; TENOFOVIR; ANTIRETROVIRALS; QUANTIFICATION; PEPTIDES C1 [Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Martin, Amy; Pau, Chou-Pong; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 544RN UT WOS:000273676800010 PM 19476704 ER PT J AU Limbago, B Fosheim, GE Schoonover, V Crane, CE Nadle, J Petit, S Heltzel, D Ray, SM Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Dumyati, G Townes, JM Schaffner, W Mu, Y Fridkin, SK AF Limbago, Brandi Fosheim, Gregory E. Schoonover, Valerie Crane, Christina E. Nadle, Joelle Petit, Susan Heltzel, David Ray, Susan M. Harrison, Lee H. Lynfield, Ruth Dumyati, Ghinwa Townes, John M. Schaffner, William Mu, Yi Fridkin, Scott K. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in 2005 and 2006 from Patients with Invasive Disease: a Population-Based Analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ASSOCIATED STRAINS; CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; USA300; OSTEOMYELITIS; ENDOCARDITIS; EVOLUTION; DATABASE AB This study characterizes 1,984 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected in 2005 and 2006 from normally sterile sites in patients with invasive MRSA infection. These isolates represent a convenience sample of all invasive MRSA cases reported as part of the Active Bacterial Core surveillance system in eight states in the United States. The majority of isolates were from blood (83.8%), joints (4.1%), and bone (4.2%). Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); SCCmec typing; susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents; and PCR analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to SEH, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Thirteen established PFGE types were recognized among these isolates, although USA100 and USA300 predominated, accounting for 53.2% and 31.4% of the isolates, respectively. As expected, isolates from hospital onset cases were predominantly USA100, whereas those from community-associated cases were predominantly USA300. USA100 isolates were diverse (Simpson's discriminatory index [DI] = 0.924); generally positive only for enterotoxin D (74.5%); and resistant to clindamycin (98.6%), erythromycin (99.0%), and levofloxacin (99.6%), in addition to beta-lactam agents. USA300 isolates were less diverse (DI = 0.566), positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (96.3%), and resistant to erythromycin (94.1%) and, less commonly, levofloxacin (54.6%), in addition to beta-lactam agents. This collection provides a reference collection of MRSA isolates associated with invasive disease, collected in 2005 and 2006 in the United States, for future comparison and ongoing studies. C1 [Limbago, Brandi; Fosheim, Gregory E.; Schoonover, Valerie; Crane, Christina E.; Mu, Yi; Fridkin, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nadle, Joelle] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Heltzel, David] Colorado Emerging Infect Program, Denver, CO USA. [Ray, Susan M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ray, Susan M.] Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Maryland Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Dumyati, Ghinwa] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Townes, John M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Limbago, B (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBL7@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1351 DI 10.1128/JCM.02264-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 439QB UT WOS:000265641000010 PM 19321725 ER PT J AU Hurst, SF Kidd, SE Morrissey, CO Snelders, E Melchers, WJG Castelli, MV Mellado, E Simmon, K Petti, CA Richardson, S Zhang, S Romanelli, AM Wickes, BL de Valk, HA Klaassen, CHW Balajee, SA AF Hurst, S. F. Kidd, S. E. Morrissey, C. O. Snelders, E. Melchers, W. J. G. Castelli, M. V. Mellado, E. Simmon, K. Petti, C. A. Richardson, S. Zhang, S. Romanelli, A. M. Wickes, B. L. de Valk, H. A. Klaassen, C. H. W. Balajee, S. Arunmozhi TI Interlaboratory Reproducibility of a Single-Locus Sequence-Based Method for Strain Typing of Aspergillus fumigatus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSAY AB Seven international laboratories tested the recently proposed single-locus typing strategy for Aspergillus fumigatus subtyping for interlaboratory reproducibility. Comparative sequence analyses of portions of the locus AFUA_3G08990, encoding a putative cell surface protein (denoted CSP), was performed with a panel of Aspergillus isolates. Each laboratory followed very different protocols for extraction of DNA, PCR, and sequencing. Results revealed that the CSP typing method was a reproducible and portable strain typing method. C1 [Hurst, S. F.; Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kidd, S. E.; Morrissey, C. O.] Monash Univ, Alfred Hosp, Dept Med, Cent & Eastern Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3181, Australia. [Snelders, E.; Melchers, W. J. G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Castelli, M. V.; Mellado, E.] Inst Salud Carlos IIrid, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, MadSpain Serv Micol, Madrid, Spain. [Simmon, K.; Petti, C. A.] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Richardson, S.; Zhang, S.] Ontario Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs Branch, Toronto, ON M5W 1R5, Canada. [Romanelli, A. M.; Wickes, B. L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [de Valk, H. A.; Klaassen, C. H. W.] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Kidd, Sarah/A-1731-2009; Kidd, Sarah/N-1362-2013; Melchers, Willem/C-8819-2015 OI Kidd, Sarah/0000-0002-5957-4178; Kidd, Sarah/0000-0002-5957-4178; Melchers, Willem/0000-0002-5446-2230 FU U.S.Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [PR054228]; Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; National Institutes of Health [N01-AI-30041]; NIDCR [DE14318] FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1562 EP 1564 DI 10.1128/JCM.00124-09 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 439QB UT WOS:000265641000045 PM 19261791 ER PT J AU Borget, MY Diallo, K Adje-Toure, C Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Borget, Marie-Yolande Diallo, Karidia Adje-Toure, Christiane Chorba, Terence Nkengasong, John N. TI Virologic and immunologic responses to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected patients: Case reports from Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1/HIV-2; Dual infection; Antiretroviral therapy; Response to therapy ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NONNUCLEOSIDE INHIBITORS; VIRAL LOAD; DNA AB In four of five HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected patients treated with efavirenz-based therapy, viral load was undetectable for HIV-1 only, with limited increase in CD4+ counts. Both viral loads were undetectable and CD4+ counts increased in one patient treated with protease inhibitor regimen. Specific guidelines for treating HIV-dually infected patients are needed that should avoid the use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Borget, Marie-Yolande; Adje-Toure, Christiane; Chorba, Terence; Nkengasong, John N.] Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Chorba, Terence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcn5@cdc.gov FU Global AIDS Program; National Center for HIV; STD; TB Prevention; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.011 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 454LH UT WOS:000266682900014 PM 19375979 ER PT J AU Beach, MJ AF Beach, Michael J. TI Recreational Water Illness Prevention, 2009: Charting a Course through Stormy Waters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, NCZVED, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beach, MJ (reprint author), CDC, NCZVED, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbeach@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 71 IS 9 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 438KG UT WOS:000265553700005 PM 19452832 ER PT J AU Neitzel, R Naeher, LP Paulsen, M Dunn, K Stock, A Simpson, CD AF Neitzel, R. Naeher, L. P. Paulsen, M. Dunn, K. Stock, A. Simpson, C. D. TI Biological monitoring of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters: A pilot study comparing urinary methoxyphenols with personal exposures to carbon monoxide, particular matter, and levoglucosan SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; wood smoke; wildland firefighters; exposure assessment ID WOODSMOKE EXPOSURE; WOOD SMOKE; COMBUSTION; TRACERS; BIOMARKERS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; PHENOL; PM2.5; RAT AB Urinary methoxyphenols (MPs) have been proposed as biomarkers of woodsmoke exposure. However, few field studies have been undertaken to evaluate the relationship between woodsmoke exposure and urinary MP concentrations. We conducted a pilot study at the US Forest Service-Savannah River Site, in which carbon monoxide (CO), levoglucosan (LG), and particulate matter (PM(2.5)) exposures were measured in wildland firefighters on prescribed burn days. Pre- and post-shift urine samples were collected from each subject, and cross-shift changes in creatinine-corrected urinary MP concentrations were calculated. Correlations between exposure measures and creatine-adjusted urinary MP concentrations were explored, and regression models were developed relating changes in urinary MP concentrations to measured exposure levels. Full-shift measurements were made on 13 firefighters over 20 work shifts in winter 2004 at the US Forest Service Savannah River site, a National Environmental Research Park. The average workshift length across the 20 measured shifts was 701 +/- 95 min. LG and CO exposures were significantly correlated for samples where the filter measurement captured at least 60% of the work shift (16 samples), as well as for the smaller set of full-shift exposure samples (n = 9). PM(2.5) and CO exposures were not significantly correlated, and LG and PM(2.5) exposures were only significantly correlated for samples representing at least 60% of the work shift. Creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations for 20 of the 22 MPs showed cross-shift increases, with 14 of these changes showing statistical significance. Individual and summed creatinine-adjusted guaiacol urinary MPs were highly associated with CO (and, to a lesser degree, LG) exposure levels, and random-effects regression models including CO and LG exposure levels explained up to 80% of the variance in cross-shift changes in summed creatinine-adjusted guaiacol urinary MP concentrations. Although limited by the small sample size, this pilot study demonstrates that urinary MP concentrations may be effective biomarkers of occupational exposure to wood smoke among wildland firefighters. C1 [Neitzel, R.; Paulsen, M.; Simpson, C. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Naeher, L. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dunn, K.; Stock, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simpson, CD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci Bldg,F226C,Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM simpson1@u.washington.edu RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012; Neitzel, Richard/P-7733-2015 OI Neitzel, Richard/0000-0001-5500-2589 FU Northwest Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health [CR827355]; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [R03-OH007656]; Department of Energy F Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We gratefully acknowledge Dana Barr for undertaking the creatinine analysis; John Blake and Gary Achtemeier for support and collaboration in our smoke-related exposure research; and Jeff Prevey, Paul Linse, Mark Frizzell, Dan Shea, Chris Hobson, and the firefighters for support and participation in this study. This research was done at the Savannah River Site Environmental Research Lab (SRS) - SRS is a National Environmental Research Park. This work was funded in part by the Northwest Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health (US EPA Grant no. CR827355) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ( no. R03-OH007656). Funding and support was also provided by the Department of Energy F Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.21 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 435OE UT WOS:000265352400002 PM 18446186 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CA Barraj, LM Blount, BC Scrafford, CG Valentin-Blasini, L Smith, KM Krieger, RI AF Sanchez, Charles A. Barraj, Leila M. Blount, Benjamin C. Scrafford, Carolyn G. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Smith, Kimberly M. Krieger, Robert I. TI Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; exposure assessment; food crops; lower Colorado River ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; BOSTON-AREA; BREAST-MILK; ACCUMULATION; NITRATE; THIOCYANATE; IODINE AB The Colorado River shows low levels of perchlorate derived from aerospace- and defense-related fuel industries once located near the Las Vegas Wash. At sufficiently high dosages perchlorate can disrupt thyroid function by inhibiting uptake of iodide. The Colorado River is the primary source of irrigation water for most food crops grown in Southern California and Southwestern Arizona. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region (LCRR). The major food commodities produced in the region were sampled and perchlorate levels were determined by ion chromatography followed by detection using either conductivity or tandem mass spectrometry, depending on analyte levels. The Monte Carlo module of the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM (TM)) was used to derive an estimate of the 2-day average perchlorate intakes. Data were derived assuming that individuals residing in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from within the LCRR as well as from other areas in the United States, or assuming individuals living in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from the LCRR only. Perchlorate exposure estimates derived in this study are comparable to exploratory estimates by the US Food and Drug Administration. For infants and children, over 50% of the estimated perchlorate exposure was from milk. The relative impact of vegetables and fruit toward perchlorate exposure increased by age through adulthood. Cumulative perchlorate exposure estimates based on this hypothetical analysis could approach or exceed the NAS reference dose (RfD) for some population groups as drinking water levels exceeded 6 mu g/l. However, few individuals are exposed to perchlorate in drinking water at levels above 4 mu g/l in the United States and very few would be exposed to perchlorate levels exceeding the RfD, whether consuming food crops from within or outside the LCRR. C1 [Sanchez, Charles A.] Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Barraj, Leila M.; Scrafford, Carolyn G.; Smith, Kimberly M.] Exponent, Washington, DC USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Krieger, Robert I.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Sanchez, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 6425 W 8th St, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. EM sanchez@ag.arizona.edu FU USDA National Integrated Food Safety Program FX Funding for this study was provided by a grant from USDA National Integrated Food Safety Program. We are also gratefulto the producers in the lower Colorado River region, who allowed us access to their production. elds. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.26 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 435OE UT WOS:000265352400003 PM 18506207 ER PT J AU Day, GA Virji, MA Stefaniak, AB AF Day, Gregory A. Virji, M. Abbas Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. TI Characterization of exposures among cemented tungsten carbide workers. Part II: Assessment of surface contamination and skin exposures to cobalt, chromium and nickel SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dermal exposure; particle migration pathways; exposure methods; occupational asthma ID VITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; DERMAL EXPOSURE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CONTAINING ALLOYS; ARTIFICIAL SWEAT; STAINLESS-STEELS; HARD METAL; DERMATITIS; DISSOLUTION; EXPRESSION AB Cobalt, chromium and nickel are among the most commonly encountered contact allergens in the workplace, all used in the production of cemented tungsten carbides (CTC). Exposures to these metal-containing dusts are frequently associated with skin sensitization and/or development of occupational asthma. The objectives of this study were to assess the levels of cobalt, chromium and nickel on work surfaces and on workers' skin in three CTC production facilities. At least one worker in each of 26 work areas (among all facilities) provided hand and neck wipe samples. Wipe samples were also collected from work surfaces frequently contacted by the 41 participating workers. Results indicated that all surfaces in all work areas were contaminated with cobalt and nickel, with geometric means (GMs) ranging from 4.1 to 3057 mu g/100 cm(2) and 1.1-185 mu g/100 cm(2), respectively; most surfaces were contaminated with chromium (GM 0.36-67 mu g/100 cm(2)). The highest GM levels of all metals were found on control panels, containers and hand tools, whereas lowest levels were on office and telecommunication equipment. The highest GM levels of cobalt and nickel on skin were observed among workers in the powder-handling facility (hands: 388 and 24 mu g; necks: 55 and 6 mu g, respectively). Levels of chromium on workers' skin were generally low among all facilities. Geometric standard deviations associated with surface and skin wipe measurements among work areas were highly variable. Exposure assessment indicated widespread contamination of multiple sensitizing metals in these three facilities, suggesting potential transfer of contaminants from surfaces to skin. Specific action, including improved housekeeping and training workers on appropriate use and care of personal protective equipment, should be implemented to reduce pathways of skin exposure. Epidemiologic studies of associated adverse health effects will likely require more biologically relevant exposure metrics to improve the ability to detect exposure-response relationships. C1 [Day, Gregory A.; Virji, M. Abbas; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Day, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM GDay@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.33 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 435OE UT WOS:000265352400009 PM 18523457 ER PT J AU Mao, CR Radu, GU Caidi, H Tripp, RA Anderson, LJ Haynes, LM AF Mao, Congrong Radu, Gertrud U. Caidi, Hayat Tripp, Ralph A. Anderson, Larry J. Haynes, Lia M. TI Treatment with respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein monoclonal antibody or F(ab ')(2) components mediates reduced pulmonary inflammation in mice SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID G-PROTEIN; COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM; SUBSTANCE-P; BALB/C MICE; INFECTION; VACCINATION; BRONCHIOLITIS; PROTECTION; RESPONSES; EPITOPES AB Therapeutic treatment with a non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (131-2G) specific to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. Its F(ab')(2) component only mediates decreased leukocyte trafficking and IFN-gamma production without reducing virus replication. Thus, this mAb has two independent actions that could facilitate treatment and/or prevention of RSV infection by reducing both virus replication and virus-induced pulmonary inflammation. C1 [Mao, Congrong; Radu, Gertrud U.; Caidi, Hayat; Anderson, Larry J.; Haynes, Lia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tripp, Ralph A.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Haynes, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM loh5@cdc.gov OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 90 BP 1119 EP 1123 DI 10.1099/vir.0.009308-0 PN 5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 444ZP UT WOS:000266019700007 ER PT J AU Essuon, AD Simmons, DS Stephens, TT Richter, D Lindley, LL Braithwaite, RL AF Essuon, Aba D. Simmons, David S. Stephens, Torrance T. Richter, Donna Lindley, Lisa L. Braithwaite, Ronald L. TI Transient Populations: Linking HIV, Migrant Workers, and South African Male Inmates SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE South Africa; HIV/AIDS; migrant workers; culture; masculinity; prisoners ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITIES; PREVENTION; INFECTION; MIGRATION; AIDS AB Risk factors associated with the spread of HIV are common among South Africa's transient populations-migrant workers and prisoners. Social ills in South Africa have yielded a growing transient Population. Importantly, the migrant workers and prisoners in this population are likely to Subscribe to masculine beliefs. Migrants have proven to be an effective bridge in the spread of HIV from high-risk to low-risk populations. Although a relationship between the populations has yet to be established, the circumstances of migrant camps are similar to those of prison camps. Given the high levels of HIV in South Africa and the parallels between migrants (a population whose great HIV threat to the general community has already been established) and prisoners, the integration of former male inmates into the community may pose serious public health concerns. C1 [Simmons, David S.; Richter, Donna; Lindley, Lisa L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Simmons, David S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Anthropol, Coll Arts & Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Richter, Donna] CDC, ASPH Inst HIV Prevent Leadership, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Essuon, AD (reprint author), 1513 E Cleveland Ave,Bldg 100,2nd Floor,Suite 250, E Point, GA 30344 USA. EM aessuon@msm.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 40 EP 52 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 443CH UT WOS:000265887300006 PM 19711492 ER PT J AU Hing, E Burt, CW AF Hing, Esther Burt, Catharine W. TI Are There Patient Disparities When Electronic Health Records Are Adopted? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Primary care providers; electronic health records; poor; minorities ID INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; MEDICAL-RECORDS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; PHYSICIANS; CENTERS; DIFFUSION; QUALITY AB Using nationally representative samples of visits from the 2005-2006 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (N = 39,343), this study examines whether electronic health record (EHR) systems have been adopted by primary care physicians or providers (PCPs) for poor minority patients at the same rate as by the PCPs for wealthier non-minority patients. Although we found that electronic health record adoption rates varied primarily by type of practice of the PCP, we also found that uninsured Black and Hispanic or Latino patients, as well as Hispanic or Latino Medicaid patients were less likely to have PCPs using EHRs, compared with privately-insured White patients, after controlling for PUS, practice type and location, as well as patient characteristics. This finding reflects a mixture of high and low EHR adopters among PCPs for poor minority patients. C1 [Hing, Esther; Burt, Catharine W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Hosp Carc Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hing, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Hosp Carc Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ehing@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 473 EP 488 PG 16 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 443CF UT WOS:000265887100014 PM 19395843 ER PT J AU da Costa, PA Trajman, A Mello, FCD Goudinho, S Silva, MAMV Garret, D Ruffino-Netto, A Kritski, AL AF da Costa, P. Albuquerque Trajman, A. de Queiroz Mello, F. Carvalho Goudinho, S. Monteiro Vieira Silva, M. A. Garret, D. Ruffino-Netto, A. Kritski, A. Lineu TI Administrative measures for preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Infection control; Health personnel; Nosocomial infection; Occupational exposure; Tuberculin test; Tuberculosis ID NEW-YORK-CITY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; CONVERSION; RISK; EMPLOYEES; MALAWI AB Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational disease of healthcare workers (HCWs). Administrative and engineering interventions simultaneously implemented in hospitals of developed countries have reduced the risk of nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis. We studied the impact of administrative infection control measures on the risk for talent TB infection (LTBI) among HCWs in a resource-limited, high-burden country. An intervention study was undertaken in a University-affiliated, inner-city hospital in Rio de Janeiro, where routine serial tuberculin skin testing (TST) is offered to all HCWs. From October 1998 to February 2001, the following infection control measures were progressively implemented: isolation of TB suspects and confirmed TB inpatients, quick turnaround for acid-fast bacilli sputum tests and HCW education in use of protective respirators. Among 1336 initially tested HCWs, 599 were retested. The number of TST conversions per 1000 person-months during and after the implementation of these measures was reduced from 5.8/1000 to 3.7/1000 person-months (P = 0.006). The most significant reductions were observed in the intensive care unit (from 20.2 to 4.5, P < 0.001) and clinical wards (from 10.3 to 6.0, P < 0.001). Physicians and nurses had the highest reductions (from 7.6 to 0, P < 0.001; from 9.9 to 5.8, P = 0.001, respectively). We conclude that administrative measures for infection control can significantly reduce LTBI among HCWs in high-burden countries and should be implemented even when resources are not available for engineering infection control measures. (C) 2009 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kritski, A. Lineu] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, TB Acad Program, Sch Med, BR-21941913 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garret, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ruffino-Netto, A.] Univ Ribeirao Preto, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Kritski, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, TB Acad Program, Sch Med, Rua Prof Rodolpho Paulo Rocco,255-4 Andar Ilha Fu, BR-21941913 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM kritskia@gmail.com RI Mello, Fernanda /I-2957-2013 FU NIH; Conselho Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa-CNPq [524523/96-7]; Academic Tuberculosis Program at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; [ICOHRTA 5 U2R TW006883-02] FX The study was supported by NIH (ICOHRTA # 5 U2R TW006883-02), by Conselho Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa-CNPq- Process: 524523/96-7; and by the Academic Tuberculosis Program at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-6701 J9 J HOSP INFECT JI J. Hosp. Infect. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.01.016 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 440KQ UT WOS:000265699600009 PM 19278753 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Daviglus, ML Croft, JB AF Greenlund, Kurt J. Daviglus, Martha L. Croft, Janet B. TI Differences in healthy lifestyle characteristics between adults with prehypertension and normal blood pressure SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; BMI cardiovascular disease; physical activity; primary prevention; risk factors; smoking; sodium intake ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; OF-SPORTS-MEDICINE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CARE PROFESSIONALS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; RISK-FACTORS AB Background Identifying differences in modifiable lifestyle factors between persons with prehypertension and normal blood pressure (BP) can help improve prevention efforts. Methods Data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (in 2008) for persons aged at least 20 years (n = 11 194). Differences in five healthy lifestyle characteristics were examined by BP status (normal, prehypertension, and hypertension). Additionally, differences in lifestyle characteristics by sex, race/ethnicity, and education among those with prehypertension were analyzed. Results Overall, 32.8% of adults had a normal BMI 75.3% did not smoke, 31.3% were regularly physically active, 57.7% were moderate drinkers or nondrinkers, and 28.1% had a low sodium intake; only 2% had all five characteristics. Almost 40% had a normal BP and 30.3% were prehypertensive. Those with prehypertension were less likely to have a normal BMI than normotensive individuals [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.70], to be regularlyactive (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74-0.98), and to moderately/not drink (adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.97). Those with prehypertension or hypertension were less likely to have at least three or four healthy lifestyle characteristics compared with those with normal BP. Among 3168 persons with prehypertension, some sex, race/ethnic, and education level differences in the prevalence of healthy lifestyles were observed. Conclusion Differences in healthy lifestyle factors were observed by BP status, but the prevalence of healthy lifestyle factors is suboptimal among the population as a whole. J Hypertens 27:955-962 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Greenlund, Kurt J.; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Daviglus, Martha L.] Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832926fb PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 443VO UT WOS:000265939100007 PM 19293725 ER PT J AU Sharp, DS Tauger, MB AF Sharp, Dan S. Tauger, Mark B. TI Natan 'Nikolai' Abramovich Vigdorchik (1874-1954): social activism and public health in early 20th-century Russia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LEAD AB Virtually unknown in the West, the physician Nikolai Vigdorchik is recognized in Russian-Soviet history for his role in introducing social security into Russia. He rose from Jewish working-class origins to a career that combined activism in labour rights and public health with extensive and path-breaking publications in social security, occupational safety and public health. He contributed more than 30 years of leadership to Soviet research and educational institutions devoted to occupational safety and health. Vigdorchik's 1935 publication on lead and hypertension is illustrative of his contribution to modern epidemiological methods, describing a statistical bias in the study of hospitalized patients. It predates by 11 years Joseph Berkson's paper, after whom the bias is named. Vigdorchik's life illustrates a modern-day conundrum: social activism comes with political cost - by virtue of its evidence-based orientation, public health science is safer but both are necessary to move a culture towards health and stability C1 [Sharp, Dan S.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Tauger, Mark B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Hist, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sharp, DS (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM DSharp@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0967-7720 EI 1758-1087 J9 J MED BIOGR JI J. Med. Biogr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1258/jmb.2009.009002 PG 6 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 464VN UT WOS:000267536200004 PM 19401509 ER PT J AU Qiu, MF Liu, X Jiang, Y Nkengasong, JN Xing, WG Pei, LJ Parekh, BS AF Qiu, Maofeng Liu, Xin Jiang, Yan Nkengasong, John N. Xing, Wenge Pei, Lijian Parekh, Bharat S. TI Current HIV-2 Diagnostic Strategy Overestimates HIV-2 Prevalence in China SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus type 2; antibodies; diagnosis; peptide; Western blot ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2; SITE-DIRECTED SEROLOGY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; GUINEA-BISSAU; TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; TESTING STRATEGIES; MIXED INFECTIONS; WESTERN BLOTS; ANTIBODIES; DIFFERENTIATION AB A significant number of HIV-2 infections have been reported in China using Western blot as per current guidelines for HIV-2 diagnosis in China. However, most specimens were also positive on HIV-1 Western blot suggesting cross-reactivity and possible overestimation. We carried out the current study to evaluate a strategy to diagnose the HIV-2 infections in China. A total of 119 specimens received from 16 provinces were likely to be HIV-2 when tested according to current guidelines in China using the Genelabs Western blot (HIV Blot 2.2 WB). Further testing by HIV-2 WB (Bio-Rad New LAV Blot 11 or Genelabs HIV Blot 1.2 WB) scored 56 (47.1%) of 119 samples with banding pattern suggestive of HIV-2 infection, and 63 (52.9%) were HIV-2 indeterminate. A peptide-based HIV-1 and HIV-2 enzyme immuno assay for differential diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections was validated and used. This in-house EIA demonstrated that only 1 (0.8%) of 119 specimens had HIV-2 specific antibodies, while 2 (1.7%) were dually reactive. These results were highly concordant (>99%) with those by Inno-LIA HIV-I/II (Innogenetics, Belgium), which also use specific peptides for type-specific diagnosis. Our data demonstrates that HIV-2 infection is rare in China, and HIV-2 Western blot may overestimate the prevalence of HIV-2 in the population with HIV-1. The HIV-2 diagnostic strategy in China needs to be revised to include more specific peptide-based immunoassays. J. Med. Virol. 81:790-797,2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Qiu, Maofeng; Jiang, Yan; Xing, Wenge; Pei, Lijian] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent, Natl AIDS Reference Lab, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xin; Nkengasong, John N.; Parekh, Bharat S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global AIDS, Int Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), China CDC, NCAIDS, Natl AIDS Reference Lab, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM jiangyan03@263.net; bparekh@cdc.gov FU Division of Global AIDS (US CDC) FX Division of Global AIDS (US CDC). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.1002/jmv.21441 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 429FR UT WOS:000264906800004 PM 19319947 ER PT J AU Talbot, HKB Crowe, JE Edwards, KM Griffin, MR Zhu, YW Weinberg, GA Szilagyi, PG Hall, CB Podsiad, AB Iwane, M Williams, JV AF Talbot, H. Keipp B. Crowe, James E., Jr. Edwards, Kathryn M. Griffin, Marie R. Zhu, Yuwei Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Szilagyi, Peter G. Hall, Caroline B. Podsiad, Amy B. Iwane, Marika Williams, John V. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Coronavirus Infection and Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness in Young Children SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute respiratory infection; OC43; 229E; HCoV-NL63; HCoV-HKU ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; NL63 INFECTION; HONG-KONG; DISEASE; INFLUENZA; INFANTS; VIRUS; TRACT AB There is only limited knowledge on the burden of disease clue to both new (HCoV-NL63 and HKU-1) and previously discovered coronaviruses (OC43 and 229E) in children. Respiratory specimens and clinical data were prospectively collected in an active, population-based surveillance study over a 2-year period from children aged <5 years hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms or fever. These samples were retrospectively tested by real-time RT-PCR for HCoV-NL63, HKU1, OC43, and 229E. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were identified in 2.2% of study children <2 years of age. Rates of HCoV-associated hospitalization per 10,000 were 10.2 (95% Cl 4.3, 17.6), 4.2 (95% Cl 1.9, 6.9), and 0 (95% Cl 0, 3.7) in children aged <6 months, 6-23 months, and 24-59 months, respectively. Coronaviruses were identified in a modest number of hospitalized children. J. Med. Viral. 81:853-856,2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Talbot, H. Keipp B.; Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Crowe, James E., Jr.; Edwards, Kathryn M.; Podsiad, Amy B.; Williams, John V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Crowe, James E., Jr.; Williams, John V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Crowe, James E., Jr.; Williams, John V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Zhu, Yuwei] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Szilagyi, Peter G.; Hall, Caroline B.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Iwane, Marika] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talbot, HKB (reprint author), A2200 MCN,1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM keipp.talbot@vanderbilt.edu RI Crowe, James/B-5549-2009; Williams, John/F-6962-2010 OI Crowe, James/0000-0002-0049-1079; Williams, John/0000-0001-8377-5175 FU NIH/VTEU [N01 AI-25462]; Vanderbilt University [U38/CCU417958, U01/IP000022]; University of Rochester [U38/CCU217969, U01/IP000017]; NIH/NIAID [5K23AI074863-02]; NIH/NCRR [5 K12 RR017697-05] FX Cooperative Agreements with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (partial support); Grant sponsor: NIH/VTEU; Grant number: N01 AI-25462; Grant sponsor: CDC cooperative agreement (Vanderbilt University); Grant numbers: U38/CCU417958, U01/IP000022; Grant sponsor: CDC cooperative agreement (University of Rochester); Grant numbers: U38/CCU217969, U01/IP000017; Grant sponsor: NIH/NIAID (to H.K.B.T.); Grant number: 5K23AI074863-02; Grant sponsor: NIH/NCRR; Grant number: 5 K12 RR017697-05. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1002/jmv.21443 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 429FR UT WOS:000264906800012 PM 19319948 ER PT J AU Esona, MD Geyer, A Page, N Trabelsi, A Fodha, I Aminu, M Agbaya, VA Tsion, B Kerin, TK Armah, GE Steele, AD Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Esona, M. D. Geyer, A. Page, N. Trabelsi, A. Fodha, I. Aminu, M. Agbaya, V. A. Tsion, B. Kerin, T. K. Armah, G. E. Steele, A. D. Glass, R. I. Gentsch, J. R. TI Genomic Characterization of Human Rotavirus G8 Strains From the African Rotavirus Network: Relationship to Animal Rotaviruses SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; characterization; classification; evolution; reassortment ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; UNITED-KINGDOM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION AB Global rotavirus surveillance has led to the detection of many unusual human rotavirus (HRV) genotypes. During 1996-2004 surveillance within the African Rotavirus Network (ARN), six P[8],G8 and two P[6],G8 human rotavirus strains were identified. Gene fragments (RT-PCR amplicons) of all 11-gene segments of these G8 strains were sequenced in order to elucidate their genetic and evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of each gene segment revealed high similarities (88-100% nt and 91-100% aa) for all segments except for gene 4 encoding VP4 proteins P[8] and P[6]. For most strains, almost all of the genes of the ARN strains other than neutralizing antigens are related to typical human strains of Wa genogroup. The VP7, NSP2, and NSP5 genes were closely related to cognate genes of animal strains (83-99% and 97-99% aa identity). This study suggests that the ARN G8 strains might have arisen through VP7 or VP4 gene reassortment events since most of the other gene segments resemble those of common human rotaviruses. However, VP7, NSP2 (likely), and NSP5 (likely) genes are derived potentially from animals consistent with a zoonotic introduction. Although these findings help elucidate rotavirus evolution, sequence studies of cognate animal rotavirus genes are needed to conclusively determine the specific origin of those genes relative to both human and animal rotavirus strains. J. Med. Virol. 81:937-951, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Esona, M. D.; Kerin, T. K.; Gentsch, J. R.] CDC, NCIRD, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Page, N.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Trabelsi, A.; Fodha, I.] Univ Hosp Sahloul, Lab Bacteriol Virol, Sousse, Tunisia. [Aminu, M.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Microbiol, Zaria, Nigeria. [Agbaya, V. A.] Inst Pasteur Cote dIvoire DVE, Lab Bacteriol Virol, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Tsion, B.] Ethiopian Inst Virol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Armah, G. E.] Noguchi Mem Res Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Steele, A. D.] NW, PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Glass, R. I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Geyer, A.] Univ Limpopo, MRC, DPRU, Limpopo, South Africa. RP Esona, MD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdi4@cdc.gov OI Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417 NR 93 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 937 EP 951 DI 10.1002/jmv.21468 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 429FR UT WOS:000264906800023 PM 19319943 ER PT J AU Pratt, VM Caggana, M Bridges, C Buller, AM DiAntonio, L Highsmith, WE Holtegaard, LM Muralidharan, K Rohlfs, EM Tarleton, J Toji, L Barker, SD Kalman, LV AF Pratt, Victoria M. Caggana, Michele Bridges, Christina Buller, Arlene M. DiAntonio, Lisa Highsmith, W. Edward Holtegaard, Leonard M. Muralidharan, Kasinathan Rohlfs, Elizabeth M. Tarleton, Jack Toji, Lorraine Barker, Shannon D. Kalman, Lisa V. TI Development of Genomic Reference Materials for Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL BLOOD-SAMPLES; CELL-LINES; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; MUTATION PANEL; REGULATOR GENE; VALIDATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; ASSAY; DNA AB The number of different laboratories that perform genetic testing for cystic fibrosis is increasing. However, there are a limited number of quality control and other reference materials available, none of which cover all of the alleles included in commercially available reagents or platforms. The alleles in many publicly available cell lines that could serve as reference materials have neither been confirmed nor characterized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-based Genetic Testing Reference Material Coordination Program, in collaboration with members of the genetic testing community as well as Coriell Cell Repositories, have characterized an extended panel of publicly available genomic DNA samples that could serve as reference materials for cystic fibrosis testing. Six cell lines [containing the following mutations: E60X (c.178G>T), 444delA (c.312delA), G178R (c.532G>C), 1812-1G>A (c.1680-1G>A), P574H (c.1721C>A), Y1092X (c.3277C>A), and M1101K (c.3302T>A)] were selected from those existing at Coriell, and seven [containing the following mutations: R75X (c.223C>T), R347H (c.1040G>A), 3876delA (c.3744delA), s549R (c.1646A>c), S549N (c.1647G>A), 3905insT (c.3773_3774insT), and 1507V (c.1519A>G)] were created. The alleles in these materials were confirmed by testing hi six different volunteer laboratories. These genomic DNA reference materials will be useful for quality assurance, proficiency testing, test development, and research and should help to assure the accuracy of cystic fibrosis genetic testing in the future. The reference materials described in this study are all currently available from Coriell Cell Repositories. (J Mol Diagn 2009, 11:186-193; DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080149) C1 [Pratt, Victoria M.; Muralidharan, Kasinathan] Nichols Inst, Quest Diagnost, Chantilly, VA USA. [Caggana, Michele; DiAntonio, Lisa] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Bridges, Christina; Tarleton, Jack] Fullerton Genet, Asheville, NC USA. [Buller, Arlene M.] Nichols Inst, Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. [Highsmith, W. Edward; Holtegaard, Leonard M.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Rohlfs, Elizabeth M.] Genzyme Corp, Westborough, MA USA. [Toji, Lorraine] Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. [Barker, Shannon D.; Kalman, Lisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pratt, VM (reprint author), 14225 Newbrook Dr, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM Victoria.m.pratt@questdiagnostics.com NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080149 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 438XK UT WOS:000265589300004 PM 19359498 ER PT J AU Weinberg, GA Hall, CB Iwane, MK Poehling, KA Edwards, KM Griffin, MR Staat, MA Curns, AT Erdman, DD Szilagyi, PG AF Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Hall, Caroline B. Iwane, Marika K. Poehling, Katherine A. Edwards, Kathryn M. Griffin, Marie R. Staat, Mary Allen Curns, Aaron T. Erdman, Dean D. Szilagyi, Peter G. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Parainfluenza Virus Infection of Young Children: Estimates of the Population-Based Burden of Hospitalization SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; REVERSE GENETICS; TRACT INFECTIONS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE; LIVE; INFLUENZA; INFANTS; PATTERNS AB Objective To determine the population-based inpatient disease burden of parainfluenza virus in children <5 years of age. Study design The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) enrolled children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with febrile or acute respiratory illnesses. Surveillance hospitals admitted >95% of all hospitalized children from each county. Combined nasal turbinate/throat swabs were tested for parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus with culture and reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Both parental interviews and medical chart reviews were conducted. Age-specific population-based hospitalization rates were calculated. Results From October 2000 through September 2004, 2798 children were enrolled. A total of 191 PIVs were identified from 189 children (6.8% of enrolled: 73 PIV type 1, 23 PIV type 2. and 95 PIV type 3), compared with 521 respiratory syncytial viruses and 159 influenza viruses. Mean PIV hospitalization rates were 3.01, 1.73, 1.53, 0.39, and 1.02 per 1000 children per year for ages 0 to 5 months, 6 to 11 months, 12 to 23 months, 24 to 59 months, and 0 to 59 months, respectively. Conclusions PIV accounted for 6.8% of all hospitalizations for fever, acute respiratory illnesses, or both in children <5 years of age. The pediatric PIV inpatient burden is substantial and highlights the need to find an effective vaccine candidate. (J Pediatr 2009;154:694-9) C1 [Weinberg, Geoffrey A.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Iwane, Marika K.; Curns, Aaron T.; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Poehling, Katherine A.; Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Staat, Mary Allen] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Weinberg, GA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 690, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM geoff_weinberg@urmc.rochester.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); MedImmune, Inc.; Merck & Co, Inc.; sanofi pasteur, Inc.; Wyeth; Novartis; GlaxoSmithKline FX This project was supported through cooperative agreements with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. G.W. and C.H. received grant support and honoraria from MedImmune, Inc. G,W. is a member of Speakers' Bureaus supported by Merck & Co, Inc. and sanofi pasteur, Inc. K.E. received research grant support from MedImmune, sanofi pasteur, Wyeth, Novartis. and GlaxoSmithKline, and serves as a consultant to PATH. M.G. received research grant support from MedImmune and Merck & Co., Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest are reported, NR 43 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 5 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.034 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 437QE UT WOS:000265501200015 PM 19159905 ER PT J AU Barnes, PA Curtis, AB AF Barnes, Priscilla A. Curtis, Amy B. TI A National Examination of Partnerships Among Local Health Departments and Faith Communities in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE collaboration; faith communities; local health departments; partnerships ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BLACK CHURCHES; MAMMOGRAPHY PROMOTION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PROJECT; PROGRAMS; LESSONS; CANCER; INTERVENTIONS AB Local health departments (LHDs) can play a major role in partnering with faith-based organizations to enhance the overall health status of the public. This study examines the frequency that LHDs and faith-based partnerships occur, types of activities performed as reported by LHDs, and population and functional characteristics associated with these partnerships. Secondary data analysis of the 2005 National Profile of LHDs study (Profile), developed by the National Association of County & City Health Officials, was conducted on a stratified random sample of 517 LHDs receiving the core questionnaire and a module with questions about partnership and collaboration. Results indicated that 361 LHDs (83.1 %) reported partnership activities occurring with faith-based organizations. At least one partnership activity was performed, with the overall most commonly reported activity as exchanging information (66.6%) across small, medium, and large LHDs. Size of jurisdiction, was positively associated with any partnership activity, higher median number of partnership activities, and higher percentage of high-level partnerships (ie providing financial resources or taking the leadership role). Further studies should consider types of programs and services produced by LHDs and faith-based partnerships, additional factors that impact partnership activities, and differences in partnership activities existing by racial and ethnic characteristics of LHD jurisdictions. C1 [Barnes, Priscilla A.; Curtis, Amy B.] Western Michigan Univ, Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Curtis, Amy B.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barnes, PA (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM p4barnes@wmich.edu NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 434GE UT WOS:000265262400012 PM 19363406 ER PT J AU Murphy, WJ Byrne, DC Gauger, D Ahroon, WA Berger, E Gerges, SNY McKinley, R Witt, B Krieg, EF AF Murphy, William J. Byrne, David C. Gauger, Dan Ahroon, William A. Berger, Elliott Gerges, Samir N. Y. McKinley, Richard Witt, Brad Krieg, Edward F. TI Results of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-US Environmental Protection Agency Interlaboratory Comparison of American National Standards Institute S12.6-1997 Methods A and B SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY PROTOCOL; FIELD ATTENUATION; DEVICES AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the completion of an interlaboratory study to compare two fitting protocols specified by ANSI S12.6-1997 (R2002) [(2002). American National Standard Methods for the Measuring Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors, American National Standards Institute, New York]. Six hearing protection devices (two earmuffs, foam, premolded, custom-molded earplugs, and canal-caps) were tested in six laboratories using the experimenter-supervised, Method A, and (naive) subject-fit, Method B, protocols with 24 subjects per laboratory. Within-subject, between-subject, and between-laboratory standard deviations were determined for individual frequencies and A-weighted attenuations. The differences for the within-subject standard deviations were not statistically significant between Methods A and B. Using between-subject standard deviations from Method A, 3-12 subjects would be required to identify 6-dB differences between attenuation distributions. Whereas using between-subject standard deviations from Method B, 5-19 subjects would be required to identify 6-dB differences in attenuation distributions of a product tested within the same laboratory. However, the between-laboratory standard deviations for Method B were -0.1 to 3.0 dB less than the Method A results. These differences resulted in considerably more subjects being required to identify statistically significant differences between laboratories for Method A (12-132 subjects) than for Method B (9-28 subjects). (c) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3095803] C1 [Murphy, William J.; Byrne, David C.] NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Gauger, Dan] Bose Corp, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. [Ahroon, William A.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. [Berger, Elliott] Aearo Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Gerges, Samir N. Y.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Engn Mecan, Lab Vibracoes & Acust, LARI, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Gerges, Samir N. Y.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Engn Mecan, Lab Vibracoes & Acust, LAEPI, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [McKinley, Richard] AFRL HECB, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Witt, Brad] Howard Leight Ind, San Diego, CA 92154 USA. [Krieg, Edward F.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Murphy, WJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM wmurphy@cdc.gov FU U. S. EPA interagency [75921973-01-0] FX Portions of this work were supported by the U. S. EPA interagency Agreement No. 75921973-01-0. Each participating laboratory funded the subject payments from their respective internal budgets. Each laboratory had employees without whose assistance and dedication this study would not have been able to be completed: Paul Schley, AFRL; Ron Keiper, E . A . RCAL; Jesse Duran, Howard Leight; Racheal de Favacorte, LARI; Pamela Graydon, Dayna Richards and Benson Davis, NIOSH; Adrian Houtsma, Melinda Hill and Kimberly Vasquez, USAARL. NIOSH also wishes to note the contributions of Christa Themann and Edward Zechmann for their thorough review of the manuscript. As well, the authors wish to thank Lee Hager, Torben Poulsen, and Rickie Davis for their thoughtful comments during the NIOSH peer-review process. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 125 IS 5 BP 3262 EP 3277 DI 10.1121/1.3095803 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 443BH UT WOS:000265884700051 PM 19425669 ER PT J AU Shattuck, PT Durkin, M Maenner, M Newschaffer, C Mandell, DS Wiggins, L Lee, LC Rice, C Giarelli, E Kirby, R Baio, J Pinto-Martin, J Cuniff, C AF Shattuck, Paul T. Durkin, Maureen Maenner, Matthew Newschaffer, Craig Mandell, David S. Wiggins, Lisa Lee, Li-Ching Rice, Catherine Giarelli, Ellen Kirby, Russell Baio, Jon Pinto-Martin, Jennifer Cuniff, Christopher TI Timing of Identification Among Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings From a Population-Based Surveillance Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE pervasive child development disorders; autism; diagnosis; epidemiology; survival analysis ID REGRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; AGE AB Objective: At what age are children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified by community providers? What factors influence the timing of when children are identified with ASDs? This study examined the timing of when children with ASDs are identified. Method: Data came from 13 sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2002 multisite ongoing autism surveillance program, the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Survival analysis was used to examine factors that influence the timing of community-based identification and diagnosis. Result: Data from health and education records reveal that the median age of identification was 5.7 years (SE 0.08 years). Parametric survival models revealed that several factors were associated with a younger age of identification: being male, having an IQ of 70 or lower, and having experienced developmental regression. Significant differences in the age of identification among the 13 sites were also discovered. Conclusions: The large gap between the age at which children can be identified and when they actually are identified suggests a critical need for further research, innovation, and improvement in this area of clinical practice. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2009;48(5):474-483. C1 [Shattuck, Paul T.] Washington Univ, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Durkin, Maureen; Maenner, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Newschaffer, Craig] Drexel Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Giarelli, Ellen; Pinto-Martin, Jennifer] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wiggins, Lisa; Rice, Catherine; Baio, Jon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirby, Russell] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lee, Li-Ching] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cuniff, Christopher] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Shattuck, PT (reprint author), Washington Univ, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1196, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM pshattuck@wustl.edu RI Mandell, David/H-2730-2012; Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015; Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X; FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR3/CCU523235, UR3/DD000078]; University of Wisconsin's Waisman Center [T32 HD07489]; Washington University Center for Mental Health Services Research [P30 MH068579] FX These data were collected under a cooperative agreement funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 152 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 474 EP 483 DI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819b3848 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 437BO UT WOS:000265461000005 PM 19318992 ER PT J AU Niska, R Han, B AF Niska, Richard Han, Beth TI Anticoagulation for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Ambulatory Care Settings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; STROKE PREVENTION; WARFARIN; PROFESSIONALS; ASSOCIATION; DISPARITIES; GUIDELINES; STATEMENT; OUTCOMES; THERAPY AB Background: In the context of recently published guidelines, we studied anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation as part of stroke prevention. Methods: The National Center for Health Statistics ambulatory care surveys use a multistage random sampling design consisting of 112 US geographic primary sampling units, nonfederal physician offices and hospital outpatient departments within those units, and patient visits to those offices and outpatient departments. Patient and visit characteristics were abstracted from 1771 medical records of patients with atrial fibrillation aged 20 years or older from 2001 to 2006, representing a national estimate of 6.1 million annual visits. The dependent variable was the prescription of warfarin. Independent variables included embolic risk factors, age, sex, race, payment source, region, urban-rural location, year, primary care provider status, number of visits during the past year, and documentation of aspirin. chi(2) and logistic regression measured associations with the prescription of warfarin. Analysis was performed in SUDAAN version 9.0 (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC). Results: Among patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin was prescribed during 52.2% of visits. Warfarin use was more likely in 2005 to 2006 than in 2001 and at visits covered by Medicare than by those covered by private insurance. Women and non-white patients were less likely to receive warfarin than their counterparts. Patients taking aspirin were less likely to get warfarin, but there were no significant differences because of age or the presence of risk factors. Warfarin use was more likely in the Northeast as compared with all other regions of the country. Conclusions: Accepted guidelines for warfarin have been implemented during more than half of visits of patients with atrial fibrillation. Disparities exist among race, sex, and region. More attention is needed to appropriate prescribing of warfarin. (J Am Board Fam Med 2009; 22: 299-306.) C1 [Niska, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Han, Beth] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Niska, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM RNiska@cdc.gov FU National Center for Health Statistics; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Internal support by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2009.03.080218 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 443VR UT WOS:000265939400011 PM 19429736 ER PT J AU Gray, SK Gooch, BF AF Gray, Shellie Kolavic Gooch, Barbara F. TI RETENTION OF SEALANTS Response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Gray, Shellie Kolavic; Gooch, Barbara F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 140 IS 5 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 445JS UT WOS:000266047700007 ER PT J AU Weingartl, HM Albrecht, RA Lager, KM Babiuk, S Marszal, P Neufeld, J Embury-Hyatt, C Lekcharoensuk, P Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Richt, JA AF Weingartl, Hana M. Albrecht, Randy A. Lager, Kelly M. Babiuk, Shawn Marszal, Peter Neufeld, James Embury-Hyatt, Carissa Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa Tumpey, Terrence M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Richt, Juergen A. TI Experimental Infection of Pigs with the Human 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DIFFERENT AGES; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENES; MICE AB Swine influenza was first recognized as a disease entity during the 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic. The aim of this work was to determine the virulence of a plasmid-derived human 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (reconstructed 1918, or 1918/rec, virus) in swine using a plasmid-derived A/swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1 virus (1930/rec virus), representing the first isolated influenza virus, as a reference. Four-week-old piglets were inoculated intratracheally with either the 1930/rec or the 1918/rec virus or intranasally with the 1918/rec virus. A transient increase in temperature and mild respiratory signs developed postinoculation in all virus-inoculated groups. In contrast to other mammalian hosts (mice, ferrets, and macaques) where infection with the 1918/rec virus was lethal, the pigs did not develop severe respiratory distress or become moribund. Virus titers in the lower respiratory tract as well as macro- and microscopic lesions at 3 and 5 days postinfection (dpi) were comparable between the 1930/rec and 1918/rec virus-inoculated animals. In contrast to the 1930/rec virus-infected animals, at 7 dpi prominent lung lesions were present in only the 1918/rec virus-infected animals, and all the piglets developed antibodies at 7 dpi. Presented data support the hypothesis that the 1918 pandemic influenza virus was able to infect and replicate in swine, causing a respiratory disease, and that the virus was likely introduced into the pig population during the 1918 pandemic, resulting in the current lineage of the classical H1N1 swine influenza viruses. C1 [Weingartl, Hana M.; Babiuk, Shawn; Marszal, Peter; Neufeld, James; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. [Weingartl, Hana M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Babiuk, Shawn] Univ Manitoba, Dept Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Albrecht, Randy A.; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lager, Kelly M.; Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa; Richt, Juergen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Weingartl, HM (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM hweingartl@inspection.gc.ca; jricht@vet.k-state.edu OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Albrecht, Randy/0000-0003-4008-503X FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency; ARS-USDA technical development FX We thank John Copps, Jason Gren, and Greg Smith for technical support. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 9 BP 4287 EP 4296 DI 10.1128/JVI.02399-08 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 431DN UT WOS:000265041600028 PM 19224986 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, Y Swayne, DE Thomas, C Rameix-Welti, MA Naffakh, N Warnes, C Altholtz, M Donis, R Subbarao, K AF Matsuoka, Yumiko Swayne, David E. Thomas, Colleen Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne Naffakh, Nadia Warnes, Christine Altholtz, Melanie Donis, Ruben Subbarao, Kanta TI Neuraminidase Stalk Length and Additional Glycosylation of the Hemagglutinin Influence the Virulence of Influenza H5N1 Viruses for Mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR; GROWTH; SITE; REPLICATION; SENSITIVITY; ALTER AB Following circulation of avian influenza H5 and H7 viruses in poultry, the hemagglutinin ( HA) can acquire additional glycosylation sites, and the neuraminidase (NA) stalk becomes shorter. We investigated whether these features play a role in the pathogenesis of infection in mammalian hosts. From 1996 to 2007, H5N1 viruses with a short NA stalk have become widespread in several avian species. Compared to viruses with a long-stalk NA, viruses with a short-stalk NA showed a decreased capacity to elute from red blood cells and an increased virulence in mice, but not in chickens. The presence of additional HA glycosylation sites had less of an effect on virulence than did NA stalk length. The short-stalk NA of H5N1 viruses circulating in Asia may contribute to virulence in humans. C1 [Matsuoka, Yumiko; Warnes, Christine; Altholtz, Melanie; Donis, Ruben; Subbarao, Kanta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Swayne, David E.; Thomas, Colleen] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne; Naffakh, Nadia] CNRS, URA 3015, Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Mol Virus ARN, Paris, France. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, 33 N Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov OI Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-5901-3856; Naffakh, Nadia/0000-0002-0424-0277 FU Oakridge Institute for Science and Education ( ORISE); Institut Pasteur FX C. W. and M. A. were supported by Oakridge Institute for Science and Education ( ORISE) fellowships. M.- A. R.- W. was supported by a fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. NR 24 TC 111 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 9 BP 4704 EP 4708 DI 10.1128/JVI.01987-08 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 431DN UT WOS:000265041600070 PM 19225004 ER PT J AU Khavjou, OA Finkelstein, EA Farris, R Will, JC AF Khavjou, Olga A. Finkelstein, Eric A. Farris, Rosanne Will, Julie C. TI Recall of Three Heart Disease Risk Factor Diagnoses among Low-Income Women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MASSACHUSETTS WISEWOMAN PROJECT; SERVICES TASK-FORCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTH; PREVENTION; CARE; DISPARITIES; PROGRAM AB Background: Success of interventions targeting heart disease risk factors depends largely on whether patients understand their risk factors, as awareness and acceptance are necessary steps in controlling and managing these conditions. The goal of this analysis was to assess whether women with identified heart disease risk factors are able to recall their diagnoses 1 year later. Methods: The WISEWOMAN program provides heart disease screening and intervention services to low-income underinsured and uninsured women. The study used 2000-2005 data for WISEWOMAN participants with newly identified high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes to assess their likelihood of reporting never having been told of their conditions 1 year later. Results: Among women with high blood pressure at baseline, 66% (n = 1140) reported never having been told they have this condition 1 year later. Black women were less likely to report never being told (OR 0.62, p < 0.01) than white women. Women older than 60 were more likely to report never being told (OR = 1.62, p < 0.01) than women younger than 50. Among women with high cholesterol at baseline, 46% (n = 1312) reported never being told 1 year later. Less educated women were more likely to report never being told (OR 2.29, p < 0.01) than high school graduates. Among women with high glucose at baseline, 54% (n = 123) reported never being told 1 year later. Conclusions: A provider-patient communication gap or inability of low-income patients to retain health information hampers public health efforts to encourage individuals with heart disease risk factors to make the behavior changes necessary to reduce these risks. C1 [Farris, Rosanne; Will, Julie C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khavjou, Olga A.; Finkelstein, Eric A.] RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Washington, DC USA. [Khavjou, Olga A.; Finkelstein, Eric A.] RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), CDC NCCDPHP DHDSP WISEWOMAN, 2877 Brandywine Rd,Mailstop K-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jxw6@cdc.gov FU CDC [200-97-0621] FX Collection of WISEWOMAN Minimum Data Elements used in this analysis was approved by RTI's Institutional Review Board. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 667 EP 675 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0907 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900011 PM 19405860 ER PT J AU Farrell, MA Hayashi, T Loo, RK Rocha, DA Sanders, C Hernandez, M Will, JC AF Farrell, Maureen A. Hayashi, Toshi Loo, Ryan K. Rocha, David A. Sanders, Charlene Hernandez, Marianne Will, Julie C. TI Clinic-Based Nutrition and Lifestyle Counseling for Hispanic Women Delivered by Community Health Workers: Design of the California WISEWOMAN Study SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK; ACCULTURATION; INTERVENTION; PARTICIPANTS; PROJECTS; SMOKING AB Background: The Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program in California, named Heart of the Family, implements and evaluates the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to improve nutrition and physical activity while reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among low-income, uninsured or underinsured Hispanic women aged 40-64 who participate in the Cancer Detection Programs: Every Woman Counts (CDP:EWP). This paper reports the study design and baseline findings of the California WISEWOMAN program. Methods: Heart of the Family, a within-site randomized controlled study at four community health centers in Los Angeles and San Diego, featured a unique set of strategies meeting the state population in implementing a California WISEWOMAN program. The program exclusively targeted Hispanic women who are at risk of developing CVD, provided lifestyle intervention using a validated intervention material in Spanish and English to motivate behavioral changes, and used bilingual (English and Spanish) community health workers (CHWs) to provide individually based face-to-face counseling. Women meeting enrollment criteria were randomly assigned either to an enhanced intervention group (EIG), who received lifestyle intervention, or usual care group (UCG), who received the usual care for elevated blood pressure or cholesterol. Results: A total of 1093 women enrolled between January 2006 and August 2006. Demographic and baseline CVD risk profiles are similar in both groups. Some notable characteristics of the California participants are lower smoking rate (5%), higher average body mass index (BMI) (31.9), and a significantly higher percentage with less than high school education (70%). Conclusions: With its unique study design and large number of enrolls, Heart of the Family will enable future public health efforts to better meet the health needs of Hispanic women by addressing education levels, economic considerations, and cultural and linguistic needs. C1 [Farrell, Maureen A.; Hayashi, Toshi; Rocha, David A.; Hernandez, Marianne] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Canc Detect Sect, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. [Loo, Ryan K.] Spectrum Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sanders, Charlene; Will, Julie C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farrell, MA (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Canc Detect Sect, MS-7203,POB 997377, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. EM maureen.farrell@cdph.ca.gov FU CDC under Cooperative Agreement Number [U58/CCU922827-04] FX This work was funded by the CDC under Cooperative Agreement Number U58/CCU922827-04, Component 3. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC or CDPH. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of predissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by CDC or CDPH. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0871 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900018 PM 19445619 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Berkman, ND Kuo, TM Martin, CK Richardson, C AF Benard, V. B. Berkman, N. D. Kuo, T. M. Martin, C. K. Richardson, C. TI Assessment of Follow-up for Cervical Abnormalities in a Managed Care Plan, 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Benard, V. B.; Richardson, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 MA 07 BP 745 EP 745 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900026 ER PT J AU Owens, MD Beckles, GLA Ho, KK Gorrell, P Brady, J Kaftarian, SJ AF Owens, Michelle D. Beckles, Gloria L. A. Ho, Karen K. Gorrell, Paul Brady, Jeff Kaftarian, Shakeh J. TI Underuse of Recommended Preventive Care Services among Women with Diabetes Across the Life Stages SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Owens, Michelle D.; Beckles, Gloria L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ho, Karen K.; Gorrell, Paul; Brady, Jeff; Kaftarian, Shakeh J.] Ctr Qual Improvement & Patient Safety, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 MA 35 BP 755 EP 755 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900054 ER PT J AU Watson, LC Richardson, LC AF Watson, Lisa C. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Breast cancer: A narrative review of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watson, Lisa C.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 MA 48 BP 760 EP 760 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 446DP UT WOS:000266100900067 ER PT J AU Romero, EC Blanco, RM Galloway, RL AF Romero, E. C. Blanco, R. M. Galloway, R. L. TI Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the discrimination of leptospiral isolates in Brazil SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical isolates; identification; Leptospira spp; MAT; PFGE ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; SAO-PAULO; INTERROGANS; SEROVARS; PCR; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Leptospirosis is a public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and cross-agglutinin absorption test (CAAT) are used to identify leptospires. However, these techniques are laborious and time-consuming, requiring the maintenance of a collection of more than 200 reference strains and correspondent rabbit antisera. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for discrimination of Leptospira serovars. Fourteen clinical isolates of Leptospira spp. were analysed by MAT before being characterized by PFGE. The isolates were compared with a library of 206 different reference Leptospira serovars. All the isolates gave clear profiles with high resolution. PFGE and MAT results were in agreement for all clinical isolates evaluated. Twelve isolates were classified as serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae/Copenhageni by PFGE. By MAT, these isolates were classified as serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae with titres ranging from 3200 to 25 600. Two isolates were classified as serovar Canicola by PFGE, and as serogroup Canicola by MAT with titres higher than 3200. PFGE offers the advantages of simple, reliable and reproducible results. PFGE provides a convenient tool for the identification of clinical isolates. C1 [Romero, E. C.; Blanco, R. M.] Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Dept Med Biol, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Galloway, R. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Romero, EC (reprint author), Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Dept Med Biol, Av Dr Arnaldo 35, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM eliete_romero@yahoo.com.br RI Blanco, Roberta/H-7254-2012; Romero, Eliete/H-6976-2012 OI Romero, Eliete/0000-0002-8635-439X FU Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training Programme; National Institutes of Health [5D43TW006592] FX This study was supported in part by a Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training Programme grant from the National Institutes of Health to the University of Pittsburgh (5D43TW006592). The authors are grateful to Dr Randy Johnson and Dr Alex Hoffmaster for reviewing the manuscript. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02580.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 431QB UT WOS:000265076800020 PM 19416464 ER PT J AU Jedrychowski, W Perera, F Mroz, E Edwards, S Flak, E Bernert, J Mrozek-Budzyn, D Sowa, A Musial, A AF Jedrychowski, Wieslaw Perera, Frederica Mroz, Elzbieta Edwards, Susan Flak, Elzbieta Bernert, John T. Mrozek-Budzyn, Dorota Sowa, Agata Musial, Agnieszka TI Fetal Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Maternal Self-reports and Cord Blood Cotinine: Prospective Cohort Study in Krakow SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Maternal tobacco exposure; Assessment of fetal exposure; Cord blood cotinine; Questionnaire data ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SERUM COTININE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SALIVARY COTININE; PASSIVE SMOKING; 1ST YEAR; NONSMOKERS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION AB Objectives While the validity of self-reported smoking habits is generally judged as satisfactory, objective markers of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure may be more useful in validating the causal links between prenatal SHS and health effects. The cohort study in Krakow provided an opportunity for comparative assessment of fetal exposure to SHS based upon questionnaires and cord blood cotinine measurements. Methods The study sample included 467 newborns born to women recruited in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. To compare the validity of self-reported SHS and cord blood cotinine levels in assessing the association between fetal passive smoking and health effects of newborns, we separately examined the regression coefficients of birthweight on self-reported number of cigarettes smoked by other household members during the entire pregnancy and cord blood cotinine levels. Results In the non-exposed newborns the geometric mean of cord blood cotinine was 0.077 ng/ml and was significantly lower than in newborns with a maternal report of SHS. Cord cotinine levels were more highly correlated with a self-reported number of cigarettes smoked daily at home in the third trimester of pregnancy. The two measures of SHS (number of cigarettes and number of hours of daily exposure) were equally well correlated with cord blood cotinine levels. Using cotinine as the exposure variable, overall the association was not significant; but among the subgroup with cord cotinine levels above the median (a parts per thousand yen0.083 ng/ml), the association with birthweight was significant (beta coefficient = -113.65, P = 0.041). Conclusion The study provides evidence that the assessment of fetal SHS exposure based on cord blood cotinine produced better estimates of the association between exposure and birth outcomes. C1 [Jedrychowski, Wieslaw; Mroz, Elzbieta; Flak, Elzbieta; Mrozek-Budzyn, Dorota; Sowa, Agata; Musial, Agnieszka] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. [Perera, Frederica; Edwards, Susan] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Bernert, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jedrychowski, W (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Coll Med, 7 Kopernika St, Krakow, Poland. EM myjedryc@cyf-kr.edu.pl FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010165, R01 ES010165-0451, 5 RO1 ES10165] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0350-4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 420CH UT WOS:000264265500015 PM 18437300 ER PT J AU Hayden, CS Zechmann, EL AF Hayden, Charles S. Zechmann, Edward L. TI Relevant test methods for establishing sound power levels of powered hand tools SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; NOISE; WORKERS AB High rates of noise induced hearing loss among construction workers provides the motivation for providing noise exposure level information to users and purchasers of powered hand tools. This paper describes relevant sound power level test methods necessary to estimate a tool user's noise exposure. The data are summarized here while detailed test results are posted on a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) website database, searchable by tool types, make, and model. The tools database also links directly to the NIOSH Hearing Protector Device Compendium, recommending the appropriate hearing protection for the given noise exposure. Measuring the sound power level in both the loaded and unloaded conditions and reporting the greater value is appropriate for the intended use of providing the relevant data to be used in making purchasing decisions and choosing correct hearing protection. While these researchers tested tools in both the loaded and unloaded conditions, much of the testing in the loaded condition required development of test jigs, methods, and procedures not detailed in existing test standards. It is recommended that efforts be initiated to develop standardized test jigs and methods, such as detailed here, so noise emission levels of power tools can be determined in a relevant and uniform manner from lab to lab. (C) 2009 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 [Hayden, Charles S.; Zechmann, Edward L.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hayden, CS (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CHayden@cdc.gov; EZechmann@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 591LM UT WOS:000277302100011 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, Katherine M. Graubard, Barry I. Williamson, David F. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Biased Corrections or Biased About Corrections? Response SO OBESITY LA English DT Letter ID OBESITY C1 [Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.; Gail, Mitchell H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williamson, David F.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KFlegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 940 EP 940 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.13 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 440OO UT WOS:000265709800022 ER PT J AU Berg, CJ MacKay, AR Qin, C Callaghan, WM AF Berg, Cynthia J. MacKay, Andrea R. Qin, Cheng Callaghan, William M. TI Overview of Maternal Morbidity During Hospitalization for Labor and Delivery in the United States 1993-1997 and 2001-2005 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE AB OBJECTIVE: To assess progress toward meeting the U.S. Healthy People 2010 objective of reducing the rate of maternal morbidity at delivery hospitalization by comparing National Hospital Discharge Survey data from two time periods. METHODS: Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we estimated rates of intrapartum morbidity defined by obstetric complications, preexisting medical conditions, and cesarean delivery during 2001-2005 and compared them with rates published for 1993-1997. We calculated and compared the rates for categories of morbidity as well as rates for the summary groups of morbidity. RESULTS: Between the two time periods, the rate of obstetric complications remained unchanged at 28.6%; the prevalence of preexisting medical conditions at delivery increased from 4.1% to 4.9%. Rates of chronic hypertension and preeclampsia, gestational and preexisting diabetes, asthma, and postpartum hemorrhage increased, whereas rates of third- and fourth-degree lacerations and various types of infection decreased. The cesarean delivery rate increased from 21.8% to 28.3%. CONCLUSION: Between 1993-1997 and 2001-2005, the rate of intrapartum morbidity associated with obstetric complications was unchanged and the rate of pregnancies complicated by preexisting medical conditions increased. C1 [Berg, Cynthia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Berg, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cjb3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1081 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 436YJ UT WOS:000265451700015 PM 19384123 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Wittenborn, JS Lee, PP Wirth, KE Sorensen, SW Hoerger, TJ Saaddine, JB AF Rein, David B. Wittenborn, John S. Lee, Paul P. Wirth, Kathleen E. Sorensen, Stephen W. Hoerger, Thomas J. Saaddine, Jinan B. TI The Cost-effectiveness of Routine Office-based Identification and Subsequent Medical Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the United States SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-FIELD LOSS; INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURES; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; EYE DISEASE; IMPAIRMENT; PROGRESSION; MORTALITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; BLINDNESS AB Objective: To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of routine glaucoma assessment and treatment under current eye care visit and treatment patterns and different levels of treatment effectiveness (from randomized trials). Design: We compared the costs and benefits of routine glaucoma assessment and treatment compared with no treatment using conservative and optimistic assumptions regarding treatment efficacy and including and excluding prediagnostic assessment costs. Participants and Controls: Computer simulation of 20 million people followed from age 50 years to death or age 100 years. Methods: With the use of a computer model, we simulated glaucoma incidence, natural progression, diagnosis, and treatment. We defined glaucoma incidence conservatively as a mean deviation of -4 decibels (dB) on visual field testing in either eye for all diagnoses to be both clinically meaningful and unambiguous. We simulated the annual probability of subsequent progression and the quantity of visual field lost when progression occurred. Main Outcome Measures: Visual field loss, ophthalmologic and nursing home costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), cost per QALY gained, and cost per year of sight gained. Costs and QALYs were discounted to 2005 values using a 3% rate. Results: Compared with no treatment and when including diagnostic assessment costs, the incremental cost-effectiveness of routine assessment and treatment was $46,000 per QALY gained, assuming conservative treatment efficacy, and $28,000 per QALY gained, assuming optimistic treatment efficacy. Compared with no treatment and when excluding diagnostic assessment costs, the incremental cost-effectiveness of routine assessment and treatment was $20,000 per QALY gained, assuming conservative treatment efficacy, and $11,000 per QALY gained, assuming optimistic treatment efficacy. The cost-effectiveness was most sensitive to the treatment costs and the value of QALY losses assigned to visual field losses. Conclusions: Glaucoma treatment was highly cost-effective when the costs of diagnostic assessments were excluded or when we assumed optimistic treatment efficacy. The cost was reasonable and in line with other health interventions even when diagnostic assessment costs were included and assuming conservative efficacy. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2009;116:823-832 (C) 2009 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 [Rein, David B.; Wittenborn, John S.; Hoerger, Thomas J.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lee, Paul P.] Duke Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy Law & Management, Durham, NC USA. [Wirth, Kathleen E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sorensen, Stephen W.; Saaddine, Jinan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM drein@rti.org OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X FU Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia [200-2002-00776] FX Supported by the Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (contract no. 200-2002-00776). NR 51 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 116 IS 5 BP 823 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.12.056 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 508DI UT WOS:000270907500004 PM 19285730 ER PT J AU Golightly, YM Allen, KD Helmick, CG Renner, JB Jordan, JM AF Golightly, Y. M. Allen, K. D. Helmick, C. G. Renner, J. B. Jordan, J. M. TI Symptoms of the knee and hip in individuals with and without limb length inequality SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE Leg length inequality; Joint pain; Osteoarthritis ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PROGRESSION; ALIGNMENT; INJURIES; DISEASE; LAXITY; JOINT AB Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the association of limb length inequality (LLI) with chronic joint symptoms at the hip and knee in a large, community-based sample, adjusting for the presence of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and other confounders. Methods: The total study group comprised 3012 participants with complete knee symptoms data, 3007 participants with complete hip symptoms data, and 206 with LLI >= 2 cm. Presence of chronic knee symptoms was defined as report of pain, aching, or stiffness (symptoms) of the knee on most days. Presence of chronic hip symptoms was defined as hip pain, aching, or stiffness on most days or groin pain. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship of LLI with knee and hip symptoms, while adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, radiographic knee or hip OA and history of knee or hip problems (joint injury, fracture, surgery, or congenital anomalies). Results: Participants with LLI were more likely than those without LLI to have knee symptoms (56.8% vs 43.0%, P<0.001), and hip symptoms (49.5% vs 40.0%, P=0.09). In adjusted models, knee symptoms were significantly associated with presence of LLI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval, [95% CI] 1.02-1.97), but the relationship between hip symptoms and LLI (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.87-1.67) was not statistically significant. Conclusion: LLI was moderately associated with chronic knee symptoms and less strongly associated with hip symptoms. LLI may be a new modifiable risk factor for therapy of people with knee or hip symptoms. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International. C1 [Renner, J. B.; Jordan, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Golightly, Y. M.; Jordan, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Allen, K. D.] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Durham, NC USA. [Allen, K. D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Helmick, C. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Renner, J. B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jordan, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jordan, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, 3300 Thurston Bldg,CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu FU Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health [S1734, S3486]; NIAMS [P60AR30701, 5 P60 AR49465-03]; NIH [AR07416] FX Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health co-operative agreements S1734 and S3486 (JMJ, JBR), the NIAMS Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center grant 5-P60AR30701 (JMJ), the NIAMS Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Center grant 5 P60 AR49465-03 (JMJ), and NIH National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Grant J32) - Arthritis and Immunology AR07416 (YMG). NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD MAY PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 596 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.005 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 446RU UT WOS:000266139600008 PM 19095470 ER PT J AU Fatmi, Z Kazi, A Haddend, WC Bhutta, ZA Razzak, JA Pappas, G AF Fatmi, Zafar Kazi, Ambreen Haddend, Wilbur C. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Razzak, Junaid A. Pappas, Gregory TI Incidence and pattern of unintentional injuries and resulting disability among children under 5 years of age: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood; injuries; accidents; developing countries; disability ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POPULATION; KARACHI; RISK; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; BURDEN AB National estimates of injuries for children under 5 years based on population representative surveys are not readily available globally and have not been reported for developing countries. This study estimated the annual incidence, pattern and distribution of unintentional injuries according to age, gender, socio-economic status, urban/rural residence and disability caused among children aged under 5 years in Pakistan. The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP 1990-94) is a nationally representative survey of households to assess the health pro. le of the country. A two-stage stratified design was used to select 3223 children under 5 years of age for interview and examination. Data were used for boys and girls in urban and rural areas over the preceding year. A community development index was developed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status and injuries. Weighted estimates were computed adjusting for complex survey design using surveyfreq and surveylogistic option of SAS 9.1 software. Post hoc power calculations were made for each variable keeping the design effect at 3.0. The overall annual incidence of unintentional injuries was 47.8 [95% CI 36.6, 59.0] per 1000 per year; 50.2 [ 95% CI 37.0, 63.4] and 45.2 [ 95% CI 29.4, 61.0] per 1000 per year among boys and girls under 5 years of age respectively. An estimated 1.1 million unintentional injuries occur in Pakistan annually among these children. Injury rates increase with age among the under-5s. Urban and rural injuries were 56.1 [ 95% CI 33.5, 78.7] and 44.1 [ 95% CI 31.1, 57.1] per 1000 per year respectively. The children living in least developed communities had almost 3 times higher risks of injuries than most developed communities. The annual incidence of types of injuries were: falls 28.7 [ 95% CI 19.5, 37.9], cuts/bruises 9.7 [ 95% CI 5.3, 14.1] and burns 6.6 [ 95% CI 3.0, 10.2] per 1000 per year. Falls were the most common type of injury (60%) followed by cuts/bruises (21%) and burns (14%). The majority of injuries occur at home (85%), with just 10% due to road traffic. Road traffic injuries and injuries to the female child were more likely to result in disability. There is a high burden of unintentional injuries and disability among children under 5 in Pakistan. These results are useful for planning further research and for prioritising prevention programmes nationally and in other developing countries with similar situation. C1 [Fatmi, Zafar] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. [Razzak, Junaid A.] Aga Khan Univ, Sect Emergency Med, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. [Haddend, Wilbur C.] Ctr Dis Control, Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fatmi, Z (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Stadium Rd,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. EM zafar.fatmi@aku.edu OI Kazi, Ambreen/0000-0002-6807-8555 FU The US Department of Health and Human Services FX The authors thank the Pakistan Medical Research Council ( PMRC) for providing access to this data. The US Department of Health and Human Services provided financial and technical support ( via Public Law 480) for the survey. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01024.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 425KL UT WOS:000264635300005 PM 19775384 ER PT J AU Garro, AC Rutman, M Simonsen, K Jaeger, JL Chapin, K Lockhart, G AF Garro, Aris C. Rutman, Maia Simonsen, Kari Jaeger, Jenifer L. Chapin, Kimberle Lockhart, Gregory TI Prospective Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Lyme Meningitis in Children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Lyme neuroborreliosis; aseptic meningitis; decision making ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS; DISEASE; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE. Lyme meningitis is difficult to differentiate from other causes of aseptic meningitis in Lyme disease-endemic regions. Parenteral antibiotics are indicated for Lyme meningitis but not viral causes of aseptic meningitis. A clinical prediction model was developed to distinguish Lyme meningitis from other causes of aseptic meningitis. Our objective was to prospectively validate this model. METHODS. Children between 2 and 18 years of age presenting to Hasbro Children's Hospital from April through October of 2006 and 2007 were enrolled if a lumbar puncture for meningitis showed a cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count of >8 cells per mu L. Cerebrospinal fluid was sent for Lyme antibody testing. The probability of Lyme meningitis was calculated by using the percentage of cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells, duration of headache, and presence of cranial neuropathy by using the prediction model. Definite Lyme meningitis cases were defined as cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with (1) positive Lyme serology confirmed by immunoblot or (2) erythema migrans rash. Possible Lyme meningitis cases were defined as cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with positive cerebrospinal fluid Lyme antibody. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for definite and possible Lyme meningitis were determined by using 10% increments of calculated probability of Lyme meningitis. RESULTS. Fifty children were enrolled, including 14 children with definite Lyme meningitis, 6 with possible Lyme meningitis, and 30 with aseptic meningitis. A calculated probability of <10% for Lyme meningitis had a negative likelihood ratio of 0.006 for definite and possible Lyme meningitis cases. A calculated probability of >50% for Lyme meningitis had a positive likelihood ratio of 100 using these definitions. CONCLUSIONS. A clinical prediction model using the percentage of cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells, headache duration, and presence of cranial neuropathy can differentiate children with Lyme meningitis from children with aseptic meningitis. Our findings suggest categories of low (<10%), indeterminate (10%-50%), and high (>50%) probability of Lyme meningitis. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e829-e834 C1 [Garro, Aris C.; Lockhart, Gregory] Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Emergency Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Rutman, Maia] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Manchester, NH USA. [Rutman, Maia] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Sect Emergency Med, Manchester, NH USA. [Simonsen, Kari] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Omaha, NE USA. [Jaeger, Jenifer L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY USA. [Chapin, Kimberle] Lifespan Acad Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Providence, RI USA. RP Garro, AC (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Emergency Med, Claverick Bldg,2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02906 USA. EM agarro@lifespan.org FU University Emergency Medicine Foundation at Rhode Island Hospital FX Financial support for this study was provided by the University Emergency Medicine Foundation at Rhode Island Hospital. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2009 VL 123 IS 5 BP E829 EP E834 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2048 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 438AS UT WOS:000265528900038 PM 19403476 ER PT J AU Perella, D Fiks, AG Jumaan, A Robinson, D Gargiullo, P Pletcher, J Forke, CM Schmid, DS Renwick, M Mankodi, F Watson, B Spain, CV AF Perella, Dana Fiks, Alexander G. Jumaan, Aisha Robinson, Donovan Gargiullo, Paul Pletcher, Jonathan Forke, Christine M. Schmid, D. Scott Renwick, Mia Mankodi, Foram Watson, Barbara Spain, C. Victor TI Validity of Reported Varicella History as a Marker for Varicella Zoster Virus Immunity Among Unvaccinated Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in the Post-Vaccine Licensure Era SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Soc Pediat Res DE varicella; chickenpox; immunity; varicella vaccine; sensitivity; specificity ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; RECRUITS; FAILURE; SEROSURVEY; DISEASE; RISK AB OBJECTIVES. We assessed the validity of reported varicella history as a marker for varicella zoster virus immunity among unvaccinated persons 1 to 29 years of age, and we examined varicella disease characteristics associated with varicella zoster virus immunity among those reporting positive histories. METHODS. We conducted a cross-sectional study at 7 community-based sites in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between June 2004 and May 2006 and recruited 1476 participants 1 to 29 years of age who had not been vaccinated against varicella. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were determined by comparing self-reported or parent-reported varicella histories from a standardized study interview with varicella zoster virus immunoglobulin G serological results for each participant. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine which disease characteristics best predicted seropositivity. RESULTS. The sensitivity of reported varicella history was highest (81%-89%) among participants >= 10 years of age, whereas specificity was highest among participants 1 to 4 years of age (99%) and >= 20 years (88%). Reported varicella history was highly predictive of seropositivity (>95%) only among participants >= 15 years of age. For participants 10 to 14 years of age, parental reports of a generalized itchy rash with 1 of the following were highly predictive of seropositivity: varicella transmission to another household member or being raised in a household with no other children. Among participants <= 9 years of age, no combination of disease characteristics was both highly predictive of seropositivity and common. CONCLUSIONS. The validity of reported varicella history varies according to age, and a reported history is no longer highly predictive of seropositivity among cohorts born since 1994 (participants <= 9 years of age). Universal varicella vaccination, regardless of history, for these children should be considered, as should simplified criteria for varicella zoster virus immunity among unvaccinated persons born before 1994. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e820-e828 C1 [Perella, Dana; Robinson, Donovan; Renwick, Mia; Mankodi, Foram; Watson, Barbara; Spain, C. Victor] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Varicella Act Surveillance Project, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. [Fiks, Alexander G.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Pediat Res Consortium, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fiks, Alexander G.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Pediat Generalist Res Grp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pletcher, Jonathan; Forke, Christine M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Craig Dalsimer Div Adolescent Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fiks, Alexander G.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jumaan, Aisha; Gargiullo, Paul; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perella, D (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Varicella Act Surveillance Project, 500 S Broad St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM dana.perella@phila.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2009 VL 123 IS 5 BP E820 EP E828 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-3310 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 438AS UT WOS:000265528900037 PM 19403475 ER PT J AU Jafa, K McElroy, P Fitzpatrick, L Borkowf, CB MacGowan, R Margolis, A Robbins, K Youngpairoj, AS Stratford, D Greenberg, A Taussig, J Shouse, RL LaMarre, M McLellan-Lemal, E Heneine, W Sullivan, PS AF Jafa, Krishna McElroy, Peter Fitzpatrick, Lisa Borkowf, Craig B. MacGowan, Robin Margolis, Andrew Robbins, Ken Youngpairoj, Ae Saekhou Stratford, Dale Greenberg, Alan Taussig, Jennifer Shouse, R. Luke LaMarre, Madeleine McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor Heneine, Walid Sullivan, Patrick S. TI HIV Transmission in a State Prison System, 1988-2005 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; HEALTH AB Introduction: HIV prevalence among state prison inmates in the United States is more than five times higher than among nonincarcerated persons, but HIV transmission within U.S. prisons is sparsely documented. We investigated 88 HIV seroconversions reported from 1988-2005 among male Georgia prison inmates. Methods: We analyzed medical and administrative data to describe seroconverters' HIV testing histories and performed a case-crossover analysis of their risks before and after HIV diagnosis. We sequenced the gag, env, and pol genes of seroconverters' HIV strains to identify genetically-related HIV transmission clusters and antiretroviral resistance. We combined risk, genetic, and administrative data to describe prison HIV transmission networks. Results: Forty-one (47%) seroconverters were diagnosed with HIV from July 2003-June 2005 when voluntary annual testing was offered. Seroconverters were less likely to report sex (OR [odds ratio] = 0.02, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0-0.10) and tattooing (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: <0.01-0.20) in prison after their HIV diagnosis than before. Of 67 seroconverters' specimens tested, 33 (49%) fell into one of 10 genetically-related clusters; of these, 25 (76%) reported sex in prison before their HIV diagnosis. The HIV strains of 8 (61%) of 13 antiretroviral-naive and 21 (40%) of 52 antiretroviral-treated seroconverters were antiretroviral-resistant. Discussion: Half of all HIV seroconversions were identified when routine voluntary testing was offered, and seroconverters reduced their risks following their diagnosis. Most genetically-related seroconverters reported sex in prison, suggesting HIV transmission through sexual networks. Resistance testing before initiating antiretroviral therapy is important for newly-diagnosed inmates. RP Jafa, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjafa@psi.org OI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/0000-0002-1884-9315; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 5 AR e5416 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005416 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 440GG UT WOS:000265688200005 PM 19412547 ER PT J AU Briese, T Paweska, JT McMullan, LK Hutchison, SK Street, C Palacios, G Khristova, ML Weyer, J Swanepoel, R Egholm, M Nichol, ST Lipkin, WI AF Briese, Thomas Paweska, Janusz T. McMullan, Laura K. Hutchison, Stephen K. Street, Craig Palacios, Gustavo Khristova, Marina L. Weyer, Jacqueline Swanepoel, Robert Egholm, Michael Nichol, Stuart T. Lipkin, W. Ian TI Genetic Detection and Characterization of Lujo Virus, a New Hemorrhagic Fever-Associated Arenavirus from Southern Africa SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; WHITEWATER-ARROYO VIRUS; LASSA-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; AMERICAN ARENAVIRUS; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; WORLD ARENAVIRUSES; FINGER PROTEIN AB Lujo virus (LUJV), a new member of the family Arenaviridae and the first hemorrhagic fever-associated arenavirus from the Old World discovered in three decades, was isolated in South Africa during an outbreak of human disease characterized by nosocomial transmission and an unprecedented high case fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases). Unbiased pyrosequencing of RNA extracts from serum and tissues of outbreak victims enabled identification and detailed phylogenetic characterization within 72 hours of sample receipt. Full genome analyses of LUJV showed it to be unique and branching off the ancestral node of the Old World arenaviruses. The virus G1 glycoprotein sequence was highly diverse and almost equidistant from that of other Old World and New World arenaviruses, consistent with a potential distinctive receptor tropism. LUJV is a novel, genetically distinct, highly pathogenic arenavirus. C1 [Briese, Thomas; Street, Craig; Palacios, Gustavo; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Paweska, Janusz T.; Weyer, Jacqueline; Swanepoel, Robert] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Special Pathogens Unit, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [McMullan, Laura K.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Briese, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM thomas.briese@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 FU Google.org; National Institutes of Health [AI051292, AI57158] FX This work was supported by Google.org and National Institutes of Health awards AI051292 and AI57158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 202 Z9 207 U1 4 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 AR e1000455 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000455 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 459FH UT WOS:000267085800012 PM 19478873 ER PT J AU Champion, MD Zeng, QD Nix, EB Nano, FE Keim, P Kodira, CD Borowsky, M Young, S Koehrsen, M Engels, R Pearson, M Howarth, C Larson, L White, J Alvarado, L Forsman, M Bearden, SW Sjostedt, A Titball, R Michell, SL Birren, B Galagan, J AF Champion, Mia D. Zeng, Qiandong Nix, Eli B. Nano, Francis E. Keim, Paul Kodira, Chinnappa D. Borowsky, Mark Young, Sarah Koehrsen, Michael Engels, Reinhard Pearson, Matthew Howarth, Clint Larson, Lisa White, Jared Alvarado, Lucia Forsman, Mats Bearden, Scott W. Sjoestedt, Anders Titball, Richard Michell, Stephen L. Birren, Bruce Galagan, James TI Comparative Genomic Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains Belonging to Low and High Virulence Subspecies SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS C58; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; RESPONSE-REGULATOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; SECRETION SYSTEMS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; LIVE VACCINE; EVOLUTION AB Tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. It is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. In order to better understand its potency as an etiological agent as well as its potential as a biological weapon, we have completed draft assemblies and report the first complete genomic characterization of five strains belonging to the following different Francisella subspecies (subsp.): the F. tularensis subsp. tularensis FSC033, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica FSC257 and FSC022, and F. tularensis subsp. novicida GA99-3548 and GA99-3549 strains. Here, we report the sequencing of these strains and comparative genomic analysis with recently available public Francisella sequences, including the rare F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain isolate from the Central Asian Region. We report evidence for the occurrence of large-scale rearrangement events in strains of the holarctica subspecies, supporting previous proposals that further phylogenetic subdivisions of the Type B clade are likely. We also find a significant enrichment of disrupted or absent ORFs proximal to predicted breakpoints in the FSC022 strain, including a genetic component of the Type I restriction-modification defense system. Many of the pseudogenes identified are also disrupted in the closely related rarely human pathogenic F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain, including modulator of drug activity B (mdaB) (FTT0961), which encodes a known NADPH quinone reductase involved in oxidative stress resistance. We have also identified genes exhibiting sequence similarity to effectors of the Type III (T3SS) and components of the Type IV secretion systems (T4SS). One of the genes, msrA2 (FTT1797c), is disrupted in F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica and has recently been shown to mediate bacterial pathogen survival in host organisms. Our findings suggest that in addition to the duplication of the Francisella Pathogenicity Island, and acquisition of individual loci, adaptation by gene loss in the more recently emerged tularensis, holarctica, and mediasiatica subspecies occurred and was distinct from evolutionary events that differentiated these subspecies, and the novicida subspecies, from a common ancestor. Our findings are applicable to future studies focused on variations in Francisella subspecies pathogenesis, and of broader interest to studies of genomic pathoadaptation in bacteria. C1 [Champion, Mia D.; Zeng, Qiandong; Kodira, Chinnappa D.; Borowsky, Mark; Young, Sarah; Koehrsen, Michael; Engels, Reinhard; Pearson, Matthew; Howarth, Clint; Larson, Lisa; White, Jared; Alvarado, Lucia; Birren, Bruce; Galagan, James] MIT & Harvard, Microbial Anal Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nix, Eli B.; Nano, Francis E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Forsman, Mats] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Dept CBRN Def & Secur, Umea, Sweden. [Bearden, Scott W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sjoestedt, Anders] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Umea, Sweden. [Titball, Richard; Michell, Stephen L.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Galagan, James] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Galagan, James] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Champion, MD (reprint author), MIT & Harvard, Microbial Anal Grp, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM champion@broad.mit.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Forsman, Mats/A-1426-2016; OI Forsman, Mats/0000-0002-4466-5325; Galagan, James/0000-0003-0542-3291; Sjostedt, Anders/0000-0002-0768-8405 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200400001C] FX This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (http://www.nih.gov/), Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.hhs.gov/) under Contract No. HHSN266200400001C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 AR e1000459 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000459 PG 19 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 459FH UT WOS:000267085800016 PM 19478886 ER PT J AU Goodman, AG Fornek, JL Medigeshi, GR Perrone, LA Peng, XX Dyer, MD Proll, SC Knoblaugh, SE Carter, VS Korth, MJ Nelson, JA Tumpey, TM Katze, MG AF Goodman, Alan G. Fornek, Jamie L. Medigeshi, Guruprasad R. Perrone, Lucy A. Peng, Xinxia Dyer, Matthew D. Proll, Sean C. Knoblaugh, Sue E. Carter, Victoria S. Korth, Marcus J. Nelson, Jay A. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katze, Michael G. TI P58(IPK): A Novel "CIHD'' Member of the Host Innate Defense Response against Pathogenic Virus Infection SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PROTEIN-KINASE PKR; NF-KAPPA-B; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; STRESSED ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FAS-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; 1918 INFLUENZA-VIRUS; A H5N1 VIRUSES; NS1 PROTEIN AB To support their replication, viruses take advantage of numerous cellular factors and processes. Recent large-scale screens have identified hundreds of such factors, yet little is known about how viruses exploit any of these. Influenza virus infection post-translationally activates P58(IPK), a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated eIF2 alpha kinase, PKR. Here, we report that infection of P58(IPK) knockout mice with influenza virus resulted in increased lung pathology, immune cell apoptosis, PKR activation, and mortality. Analysis of lung transcriptional profiles, including those induced by the reconstructed 1918 pandemic virus, revealed increased expression of genes associated with the cell death, immune, and inflammatory responses. These experiments represent the first use of a mammalian infection model to demonstrate the role of P58(IPK) in the antiviral response. Our results suggest that P58(IPK) represents a new class of molecule, a cellular inhibitor of the host defense (CIHD), as P58(IPK) is activated during virus infection to inhibit virus-induced apoptosis and inflammation to prolong host survival, even while prolonging viral replication. C1 [Goodman, Alan G.; Fornek, Jamie L.; Peng, Xinxia; Dyer, Matthew D.; Proll, Sean C.; Carter, Victoria S.; Korth, Marcus J.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goodman, Alan G.] Univ Washington, Grad Program Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Medigeshi, Guruprasad R.; Nelson, Jay A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst, Beaverton, OR USA. [Perrone, Lucy A.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Knoblaugh, Sue E.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Anim Hlth Shared Resources, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Katze, Michael G.] Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Goodman, AG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu FU NIH [T32CA09229, R01AI022646]; American Society for Microbiology/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases FX This work was supported by NIH grants T32CA09229 (AGG, JLF) and R01AI022646 (MGK). LAP was supported by a fellowship from the American Society for Microbiology/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 AR e1000438 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000438 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 459FH UT WOS:000267085800020 PM 19461876 ER PT J AU Jain, N Euler, GL Shefer, A Lu, PJ Yankey, D Markowitz, L AF Jain, Nidhi Euler, Gary L. Shefer, Abigail Lu, Pengjun Yankey, David Markowitz, Lauri TI Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination initiation among women in the United States, National Immunization Survey-Adult 2007 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE National Immunization Survey; Human papillomavirus; HPV; Adult vaccination ID CERVICAL-CANCER; QUADRIVALENT VACCINE; COVERAGE; ACCEPTABILITY; US; PREDICTORS; SERVICES AB Objectives. To report awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among women aged 18-49 years and, for recommended women aged 18-26 years, estimate initiation of HPV vaccination and describe factors associated with vaccination initiation among a national sample. Methods. Data were analyzed from the National Immunization Survey-Adult, a nationally representative telephone survey conducted May-August 2007. Questions were asked about awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and vaccine receipt. Results. A total of 1102 women aged 18-49 years were interviewed, 168 were aged 18-26 years. Overall, awareness of HPV (84.3%) and of HPV vaccine (78.9%) were high. Among women 18-26 years of age, vaccination initiation (>= 1 dose) was 10%. Factors associated with vaccination included not being married, living >= 200% of the federal poverty index, having health insurance, and vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine. HPV vaccination initiation among women aged 27-49 years was 1%. Conclusions. Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine were high. Two to 5 months after national HPV vaccination recommendations were published, one in ten women 18-26 years old had initiated the HPV vaccine series. Women at a higher socio-economic level were more likely to receive the vaccination. Vaccination initiation and completion will likely increase over the next years. Monitoring uptake is important to identify sub-groups that may not be receiving the vaccination. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jain, Nidhi; Euler, Gary L.; Shefer, Abigail; Lu, Pengjun; Yankey, David; Markowitz, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM njain@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 451LB UT WOS:000266470600005 PM 19100762 ER PT J AU Dempsey, AF Cowan, AE Broder, KR Kretsinger, K Stokley, S Clark, SJ AF Dempsey, Amanda F. Cowan, Anne E. Broder, Karen R. Kretsinger, Katrina Stokley, Shannon Clark, Sarah J. TI Diagnosis and testing practices for adolescent pertussis among a national sample of primary care physicians SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bordetella pertussis; Physician's practice patterns; Adolescent health services ID RESPONSE RATES; VACCINES AB Objective. Adolescents are a primary reservoir for propagating pertussis infection. This study aimed to describe diagnosis and testing practices for adolescent pertussis among a national sample of primary care physicians. Methods. From January to March, 2007 we administered a written survey to a United States sample of American Medical Association physicians that included 725 family practitioners (FPs) and 725 general pediatricians (PDs). Results. Response rate was 60% (n = 702). Overall, 16% of respondents indicated that they did not test adolescents for pertussis as part of their clinical practice. A similar proportion did not recognize the clinical manifestations of pertussis in a standardized adolescent case patient. FPs were less likely than PDs to test for pertussis in general and to diagnose the case patient with pertussis. Barriers to testing adolescents for pertussis included delay in obtaining test results (52%), inconvenience of sample collection (29%), lack of testing supplies (29%), lack of familiarity with testing protocols (28%) and cost (22%). Conclusion. Our results suggest that a substantial number of primary care physicians do not utilize pertussis testing and may not be able to recognize the clinical symptoms of this infection in adolescents. Interventions to improve physician knowledge about this important public health issue may be warranted. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dempsey, Amanda F.; Cowan, Anne E.; Clark, Sarah J.] Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Broder, Karen R.; Kretsinger, Katrina; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dempsey, AF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, 300 N Ingalls,Rm 6E08, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adempsey@umich.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.020 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 451LB UT WOS:000266470600018 PM 19264095 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Wolitski, RJ AF O'Leary, Ann Wolitski, Richard J. TI Moral Agency and the Sexual Transmission of HIV SO PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE moral agency; moral disengagement; responsibility; HIV transmission; HIV prevention interventions ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIOR; GAY MEN; POSITIVE MEN; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE; UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM AB Sexual transmission of HIV occurs because an infected person has unprotected sex with a previously uninfected person. The majority of HIV infections are transmitted by individuals who are unaware of their infection. and most persons who are diagnosed with HIV significantly reduce or eliminate risk behaviors once they learn they have HIV. However, a minority of known-infected individuals engage in transmission risk behavior, sometimes without disclosure to their partners. Such behavior may involve a breakdown or temporary suspension of moral mechanisms, such as personal responsibility beliefs and anticipatory self-evaluative reactions to one's behavior. The present article reviews the literature on sexual transmission risk behavior within A. Bandura's (1999) theoretical framework of moral agency. The article first reviews evidence for the operation of moral agency in transmission risk behavior and HIV status disclosure. Next, suggestive evidence is presented for the operation of mechanisms of moral disengagement described by Bandura. Finally, the article reviews a small number of interventions that have been shown to be effective in reducing transmission risk behavior, through the lens of moral agency. and make recommendations for future intervention research. C1 [O'Leary, Ann; Wolitski, Richard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov NR 135 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0033-2909 J9 PSYCHOL BULL JI Psychol. Bull. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 478 EP 494 DI 10.1037/a0015615 PG 17 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 436RW UT WOS:000265433900009 PM 19379026 ER PT J AU Smith, AK Maloney, EM Falkenberg, VR Dimulescu, I Rajeevan, MS AF Smith, Alicia K. Maloney, Elizabeth M. Falkenberg, Virginia R. Dimulescu, Irina Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. TI An angiotensin-1 converting enzyme polymorphism is associated with allostatic load mediated by C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and cortisol SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allostatic load; Polymorphisms; Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE); C-reactive protein (CRP); Interleukin-6 (IL-6); Cortisol ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; BODY-MASS INDEX; TO-HIP RATIO; METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM; GENE; DISEASE; STRESS; MECHANISMS; BRAIN AB Allostatic load (AL) is a theoretical framework that describes the cumulative physiologic effects of adaptation to change or stress throughout the lifespan. AL is operationalized by a composite index of multiple biomarkers. Accordingly, genes, behavior and environment contribute to AL. To determine if individual differences in AL may be influenced by inherent genetic variation, we calculated an allostatic Load index (ALI) for 182 Caucasian subjects derived from a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Nearly 65% of the subjects in this study sample reported fatiguing illness. ALI was calculated based on 11 measures representing metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activities. Subjects were dichotomized into high (ALI >= 3) or tow (ALI < 3) AL groups, and the association between high AL and 129 polymorphisms in 32 genes related to the HPA axis, neurotransmission, inflammation, cardiovascular and metabolic functions were evaluated. Polymorphisms in angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), and serotonin receptors (HTR3A and HTR4) were associated with AL (p = 0.0007-0.0486), but only one polymorphism, rs4968591, in ACE remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The T allele of ACE rs4968591 was more common in subjects with high AL (67.5%) than in subjects with tow AL (49.3%) (p = 0.0007), and this effect appeared independent of age, sex, body mass index and fatigue status. Additionally, high interleukin-6 (IL-6; P(trend) = 0.04), and C-reactive protein (CRP; P(trend) = 0.01) levels, as well as tow urinary cortisol levels in females (p = 0.03) were associated with the T allele, which may result in allele-specific binding of the transcription factor, E2F1. Our results suggest a rote for ACE in the bidirectional communication between the central nervous and immune systems in response to stress. Further studies will be needed (a) to replicate the association between AL and ACE polymorphisms in population studies designed to differentiate the effects of sex, age and racial/ethnic background, (b) to evaluate the effect of allele-specific binding of E2F1 at rs4968591, and (c) to examine the rote of ACE in the co-regulation of CRP, IL-6 and cortisol. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Alicia K.; Maloney, Elizabeth M.; Falkenberg, Virginia R.; Dimulescu, Irina; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Alicia K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.022 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 435TM UT WOS:000265366200013 PM 19081678 ER PT J AU Kemmer, TM Novotny, R Gerber, AS Ping, IA AF Kemmer, Teresa M. Novotny, Rachel Gerber, A. Sam Ping, Ianeta Ah TI Anaemia, its correlation with overweight and growth patterns in children aged 5-10 years living in American Samoa SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Anaemia; Overweight; American Samoa; BMI; Healthy People 2010; NHANES; Obesity; Growth; Z-scores ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; ISSUES AB Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anaemia, identify, the predictors of anaemia, compare the prevalence of Samoa to those found in children living in the USA, and compare the growth patterns obtained from this study to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data and data obtained earlier in American Samoan children. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: American Samoa, a Pacific Island. Subjects: In all, 208 children aged 5-10 years. Results: Anaemia (Hb < 11.5 g/dl) prevalence was 17.3%. There was a significant difference in mean Hb levels in children within American Samoa as compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination survey III data (P<0.05). In children with BMI Z-score (BMIZ) (P<0.05) and weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) (P<0.05) >2.0, females had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia than males. Females with a WAZ >= 2.0 had a significantly higher Prevalence of anaemia thin females with a WAZ <= 2.0 (P<0.03). Risk factors for anaemia were mother having less than a high school education (P=0.02), no car (P<0.01) and no phone (P=0.02). The BMIZ (P<0.000), height-for-age Z-score (P<0.000) and WAZ (P<0.000) were significantly different from the distribution of CDC reference data and that found in children previously assessed in American Samoa. Conclusions: Anaemia is high among children aged 5-10 years living in American Samoa. Growth pattern Z-scores reveal that American Samoan children are. oil average, taller, heavier and more overweight. Further examination into the causes of anaemia and overweight is warranted. C1 [Kemmer, Teresa M.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hospitality, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Novotny, Rachel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Novotny, Rachel] Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gerber, A. Sam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kemmer, TM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hospitality, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM teresa.kemmer@sdstate.edu RI Novotny, Rachel/K-9035-2012 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 660 EP 666 DI 10.1017/S136898000800270X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 440AL UT WOS:000265669900012 PM 18547449 ER PT J AU Sullivan, KM Ford, ES Azrak, MF Mokdad, AH AF Sullivan, Kevin M. Ford, Earl S. Azrak, M. Fuad Mokdad, Ali H. TI Multivitamin Use in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MINERAL SUPPLEMENT USE; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN; ADHERENCE; DEFECTS; ADULTS AB Objective. Relatively few studies have investigated characteristics associated with multivitamin use in pregnant women in the U.S. We examined multivitamin use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age, in relation to socioeconomic factors, demographic data, health behaviors, and health status. Methods. This investigation used 2004 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional study of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Analyses were limited to women 18 to 44 years of age in states and territories where questions about multivitamin use were asked. Results. Overall, 78% of pregnant women reported multivitamin use, compared with 47% of women who were not pregnant. Using logistic regression, two factors were found to be significantly associated with multivitamin use in pregnant women: income and marital status. Among nonpregnant women, the significant predictors were age, income, physical activity, education level, desire for a child in the near future, race/ethnicity; body mass index, and cigarette smoking status. Conclusion. We found differences in the reported use of multivitamins between pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age as well as predictors of use. C1 [Sullivan, Kevin M.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sullivan, Kevin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Azrak, M. Fuad] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Azrak, M. Fuad] William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. RP Sullivan, KM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cdckms@sph.emory.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000007 PM 19445414 ER PT J AU Davidow, AL Katz, D Reves, R Bethel, J Ngong, L AF Davidow, Amy L. Katz, Dolly Reves, Randall Bethel, James Ngong, Lolem CA TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortiu TI The Challenge of Multisite Epidemiologic Studies in Diverse Populations: Design and Implementation of a 22-Site Study of Tuberculosis in Foreign-Born People SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. We designed a population-based study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis among foreign-born people in the U.S. and Canada. Challenges included standardizing recruitment and data entry at 22 sites, enrolling individuals who did not speak English and may be undocumented, and obtaining clearance from 36 institutional review boards (IRBs). Methods. We used stratified sampling to recruit patients through the Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium, a research consortium funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because recruitment sites were overseen by more than 30 local IRBs, we developed a simple process to designate a central IRB. We translated instruments into 10 main languages, arranged for fast translation of consent "short forms" into other languages, used one telephone interpretation service at all sites, and provided extensive interviewer training including mock interviews with simulated patients. Results. We interviewed 1,696 participants in 19 states and provinces. Participants from 99 countries were interviewed in 40 languages. Twenty-three percent did not speak English at all; 64% needed an interpreter. More than 20% of participants reported they were undocumented. Participants' age, gender, and birthplaces were broadly similar to the target populations. One-third of local IRBs used the central IRB. Conclusions. Special confidentiality protections, substantial resources for translation and interpretation, and a centralized IRB made possible the recruitment of a representative sample of foreign-born people. The approaches may be applicable to studies of other diseases in multinational populations in the U.S. and Canada. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Global TB Inst, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Davidow, Amy L.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Katz, Dolly] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reves, Randall; Bethel, James; Ngong, Lolem] Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver Metro TB Control Program, Denver, CO USA. [Reves, Randall] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Davidow, AL (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Global TB Inst, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM davidoal@umdnj.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000008 PM 19445415 ER PT J AU Huang, AS Cortese, MM Curns, AT Bitsko, RH Jordan, HT Soud, F Villalon-Gomez, J Denning, PM Ens, KA Hanson, GR Dayan, GH AF Huang, Angela S. Cortese, Margaret M. Curns, Aaron T. Bitsko, Rebecca H. Jordan, Hannah T. Soud, Fatma Villalon-Gomez, Jose Denning, Patricia M. Ens, Kim A. Hanson, Gail R. Dayan, Gustavo H. TI Risk Factors for Mumps at a University with a Large Mumps Outbreak SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATION; STUDENTS; FAILURE AB Objectives. Routine measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine use has greatly decreased the incidence of mumps in the U.S. However, a resurgence of mumps occurred in 2006. We investigated the large outbreak at a university and assessed risk factors for disease. Methods. We described the outbreak and conducted a case-control study. We interviewed case students (identified from student health service and health department records) and control students (selected from a randomly ordered administrative list) and assessed their vaccination status. We compared case students with >= 2 MMR doses and control students with >= 2 MMR doses in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. The mean age of the 174 case students was 20.9 years; 65% were women. Ninety-seven case students and 147 control students were enrolled in the study. Two-dose MMR coverage was 99% among case and control students with complete records. Only 33% of case students reported exposure to someone with mumps. Case students were more likely than control students to be aged 18 to 19 years (vs. aged 22 years, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.09, 14.74), to report exposure to mumps (AOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.13, 4.73), and to have worked/volunteered on campus (AOR=2.91, 95% CI 1.33, 6.33). Also, women in dormitories had increased odds of mumps compared with men in dormitories. Conclusion. High two-dose MMR coverage was not sufficient to prevent the outbreak. Further study is needed to better understand the effects of dormitory residency and gender on mumps transmission. Clinicians should be vigilant for mumps in young adults presenting with parotitis regardless of immunization history. C1 [Cortese, Margaret M.; Curns, Aaron T.; Jordan, Hannah T.; Soud, Fatma; Dayan, Gustavo H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Huang, Angela S.; Bitsko, Rebecca H.; Jordan, Hannah T.; Soud, Fatma] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Huang, Angela S.; Hanson, Gail R.] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Villalon-Gomez, Jose] Jamaica Hosp Family Med Residency Program, Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Denning, Patricia M.] Univ Kansas, Watkins Mem Hlth Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ens, Kim A.] Lawrence Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 419 EP 426 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000011 PM 19445418 ER PT J AU Wen, XJ Balluz, L Mokdad, A AF Wen, Xiao-Jun Balluz, Lina Mokdad, Ali TI Do Obese Adults Have a Higher Risk of Asthma Attack When Exposed to Indoor Mold? A Study Based on the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY; INFECTIOUS TRIGGERS; HOME DAMPNESS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; SENSITIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; SEVERITY; CHILDREN AB Objective. Some studies show an association between asthma and obesity, but it is unknown whether exposure to mold will increase the risk of asthma attacks among obese people. This study examined whether obese adults have a higher risk of asthma attacks than non-obese adults when exposed to indoor mold. Methods. We used data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to conduct a cross-sectional analysis among 9,668 respondents who reported exposure to indoor mold. Results. With exposure to indoor mold, weighted prevalence of asthma attacks among obese respondents was 11.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0, 20.6], which was 2.3 times as high as among the exposed non-obese respondents (5.0%, 95% CI 2.8, 8.8). This ratio was almost the same as the ratio of 2.0:1 between the obese respondents (5.7%, 95% CI 4.6, 7.2) and the non-obese respondents (2.8%, 95% CI 2.3, 3.9) when neither group had exposure to mold. The odds ratio of asthma attack among obese people was 3.10 (95% CI 1.10, 8.67) for those with exposure to mold and 2.21 (95% CI 1.54, 3.17) for those without exposure to mold after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Conclusion. Our study suggests that obese adults who have been exposed to indoor mold may not necessarily have a higher risk of asthma attack than obese adults who have not been exposed, even though obesity and exposure to indoor mold are both major risk factors for asthma attack. Medical professionals should not only incorporate weight-control or weight-reduction measures as the components of asthma treatment plans, but also advise asthma patients to avoid exposure to indoor mold. C1 [Wen, Xiao-Jun; Balluz, Lina; Mokdad, Ali] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBalluz@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 436 EP 441 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000013 PM 19445420 ER PT J AU Cragin, LA Laney, AS Lohff, CJ Martin, B Pandian, JA Blevins, LZ AF Cragin, Lori A. Laney, A. Scott Lohff, Cortland J. Martin, Brennan Pandian, John A. Blevins, Lynn Z. TI Use of Insurance Claims Data to Determine Prevalence and Confirm a Cluster of Sarcoidosis Cases in Vermont SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Objectives. In 2006, the Vermont Department of Health was asked to respond to a potential cluster of sarcoidosis cases related to a Vermont office building. Sarcoidosis prevalence has not been formally described for the United States. A range of <1-40/100,000 is commonly reported; however, we have not identified primary sources supporting this conclusion. Because of the wide prevalence range and lack of a local estimate, confirming existence of a cluster was difficult. Methods. We ascertained the prevalence of sarcoidosis cases in Vermont by using insurance claims data to determine whether or not a cluster of sarcoidosis cases was related to the office building. We calculated county and state annual prevalence proportions for sarcoidosis for 2004 and 2005 and annual building prevalences for 1992-2006. Results. The pooled sarcoidosis case prevalence for Vermont was 66.1/100,000. The pooled building annual prevalence (1,128/100,000) was statistically different from the county in which the building is located (odds ratio = 15.5, 95% confidence interval 3.0, 50.3). Conclusions. We reported the first statewide sarcoidosis prevalence in the United States. This prevalence exceeded previous limited and unsubstantiated U.S. reports. Even with Vermont's elevated sarcoidosis prevalence, the presence of a cluster in this building was apparent. C1 [Cragin, Lori A.; Laney, A. Scott; Lohff, Cortland J.; Martin, Brennan; Pandian, John A.; Blevins, Lynn Z.] Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [Laney, A. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blevins, Lynn Z.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cragin, LA (reprint author), Vermont Dept Hlth, 108 Cherry St,POB 70, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lcragin@vdh.state.vt.us NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000014 PM 19445421 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Grosse, SD Honein, MA Correa-Villasenor, A AF Boulet, Sheree L. Grosse, Scott D. Honein, Margaret A. Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo TI Children with Orofacial Clefts: Health-Care Use and Costs Among a Privately Insured Population SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; PALATE; LIP; CLASSIFICATION; EXPENDITURES; INFANTS AB Objectives. Orofacial clefts are common birth defects that often require multiple surgeries and medical treatments during childhood. We used health-care insurance claims data to estimate health-care expenditures for infants and children <= 10 years of age with an orofacial cleft. Methods. The data were derived from the 2000-2004 MarketScan (R) Commercial Claims and Encounters databases, which include person-specific information on health-care use, expenditures, and enrollment for approximately 50 large employers, health plans, and government and public organizations. Health insurance claims data from 821,619 children <= 10 years of age enrolled in employer-sponsored plans during 2004 were analyzed. Expenditures for inpatient admissions, outpatient services, and prescription drug claims were calculated for children with and those without an orofacial cleft. Results. The difference in annual mean costs (i.e., incremental costs) between children aged 0 through 10 years with an orofacial cleft and those without an orofacial cleft was $13,405. The mean and median costs for children <= 10 years of age with an orofacial cleft were eight times higher than for children of the same age without an orofacial cleft. Mean costs for infants with a cleft and another major, unrelated defect were 25 times higher than those for an infant without a cleft, and five times higher than for infants with an isolated cleft. Conclusion. These findings document substantially elevated medical care costs for privately insured children with an orofacial cleft. Additional study of the economic burden associated with this condition should include a broader range of economic costs. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Grosse, Scott D.; Honein, Margaret A.; Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boulet, Sheree L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov FU National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); U.S. Department of Energy and CDC FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 447 EP 453 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428OD UT WOS:000264857000015 PM 19445422 ER PT J AU Jones, GC Rovner, BW Crews, JE Danielson, ML AF Jones, Gwyn C. Rovner, Barry W. Crews, John E. Danielson, Melissa L. TI Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Health Behavior Practices Among Older Adults With Vision Loss SO REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE visual impairment; depressive symptoms; older adults; health behaviors; ICF ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEVERE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; MACULAR DEGENERATION; SCREENING SCALES AB Objective: The authors examined the interface between visual impairment and depressive symptoms on health behaviors, self-care, and social participation among adults ages 65 and older. Method: The authors analyzed data from the 1997-2004 National Health Interview Survey on visual impairment and depressive symptoms for 49,278 adults ages 65 and older, comparing visually impaired adults (n = 8,787) with and without depressive symptoms with a reference group of adults with neither condition (n = 3,136) for outcome measures: physical health, health behaviors, and difficulties with self-care and social participation. Results: Adults with visual impairment and severe depressive symptoms were more likely than adults with neither condition to smoke (14.9%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6). be obese (28.2%, AOR = 1.9), be physically inactive (80.5%, AOR = 3.0), have fair-poor health (76.0%, AOR = 26.5). and have difficulties with self-care (27.9%, AOR = 11.8) and social participation (52.1%, AOR = 10.9). Discussion and Conclusions: Older visually impaired adults with depressive symptoms are vulnerable to health decline and further disablement without timely interventions that target smoking cessation, healthy eating, and increased physical activity. C1 [Jones, Gwyn C.; Crews, John E.; Danielson, Melissa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rovner, Barry W.] Jefferson Hosp Neurosci, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Danielson, Melissa L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Jones, GC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gbj4@cdc.gov OI Danielson, Melissa/0000-0001-9461-0341 NR 72 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0090-5550 J9 REHABIL PSYCHOL JI Rehabil. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1037/a0015910 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 448HP UT WOS:000266254000006 PM 19469606 ER PT J AU Zabina, H Kissin, D Pervysheva, E Mytil, A Dudchenko, O Jamieson, D Hillis, S AF Zabina, Helena Kissin, Dmitry Pervysheva, Elena Mytil, Anna Dudchenko, Olga Jamieson, Denise Hillis, Susan TI Abandonment of infants by HIV-positive women in Russia and prevention measures SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS LA English DT Article DE infant abandonment; HIV pregnancy-related; contraception and unwanted pregnancy; injection drug use; stigma; socio-economic status; Russia ID ST-PETERSBURG AB Since 1990, Russia has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of abandoned children, associated with harsh socio-economic conditions, increases in drug and alcohol addiction and HIV infection. Approximately 20% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers are abandoned in Russia. To find out why, we conducted 266 qualitative interviews in 2004-05 in four Russian cities, including HIV-positive women who hod abandoned their infants and others who had not, relatives of the women (mostly their mothers), HIV-negative women who had abandoned, and medical experts. Unintended pregnancy was cited as the most important factor influencing the decision to abandon. Other important determinants included lack of partner and family support, drug abuse, fear of birth defects or disabilities, negative attitudes of medical professionals, and marginalized socio-economic status. HIV infection was closely linked to many of these reasons. Important avenues for interventions among HIV-positive women emerged, including improved contraceptive information and provision, education of medical personnel and women on HIV prevention and treatment, enhancement of social support, and strengthening of fostering and adoption programmes for HIV-affected families. (C) 2009 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved. C1 [Zabina, Helena] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jamieson, Denise] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Unintended Pregnancy STI & HIV Intervent Res Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hillis, Susan] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Fertil Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zabina, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM seh0@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0968-8080 J9 REPROD HEALTH MATTER JI Reprod. Health Matters PD MAY PY 2009 VL 17 IS 33 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0968-8080(09)33438-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 468RE UT WOS:000267836800017 PM 19523593 ER PT J AU McMorrow, ML Gebremedhin, G van den Heever, J Kezaala, R Harris, BN Nandy, R Strebel, P Jack, A Cairns, KL AF McMorrow, Meredith L. Gebremedhin, Goitom van den Heever, Johann Kezaala, Robert Harris, Bernice N. Nandy, Robin Strebel, Peter Jack, Abdoulie Cairns, K. Lisa TI Measles outbreak in South Africa, 2003-2005 SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CASE-FATALITY; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; ELIMINATION; STRATEGIES; HIV; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY AB Objectives. Measles was virtually eliminated in South Africa following control activities in 1996/7. However, from July 2003 to November 2005, 1 676 laboratory-con firmed measles cases were reported in South Africa. We investigated the outbreak's cause and the role of HTV. Design. We traced laboratory-confirmed case-patients residing in the Johannesburg metropolitan (JBM) and O R Tambo districts. We interviewed laboratory- or epidemiologically confirmed case-patients or their caregivers to determine vaccination status and, in JBM, HIV status. We calculated vaccine effectiveness using the screening method. Setting. Household survey in JBM and O R Tambo districts. Outcome measures. Vaccine effectiveness, case-fatality rate, and hospitalisations. Results. In JBM, 109 case-patients were investigated. Of the 57 case-patients eligible for immunisation, 27 (47.4%) were vaccinated. Fourteen (12.8%) case-patients were HIV infected, 46 (42.2%) were HIV uninfected, and 49 (45.0%) had unknown HIV status. Among children aged 12 - 59 months, vaccine effectiveness was 85% (95%, confidence interval (CI): 63, 94) for all children, 63% for HIM infected, 75% for HIV uninfected, and 96% for children with unknown HIV status. (Confidence intervals were not calculated for sub-groups owing to small sample size.) In O R Tambo district, 157 case-patients were investigated. Among the 138 case-patients eligible for immunisation, 41 (29.7%) were vaccinated. Vaccine effectiveness was 89%, (95%, CI 77, 95). Conclusions. The outbreak's primary cause was failure to vaccinate enough of the population to prevent endemic measles transmission. Although vaccine effectiveness might have been lower in HIV-infected than in uninfected children, population vaccine effectiveness remained high. C1 [McMorrow, Meredith L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McMorrow, Meredith L.] US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gebremedhin, Goitom; Jack, Abdoulie] WHO, Abuja, Nigeria. [van den Heever, Johann] Expanded Programme Immunisat, Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kezaala, Robert; Strebel, Peter] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Harris, Bernice N.] Univ Pretoria, Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Harris, Bernice N.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Nandy, Robin; Cairns, K. Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMorrow, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MMcmorrow@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 455LO UT WOS:000266761800016 PM 19588791 ER PT J AU Smith, KF Behrens, M Schloegel, LM Marano, N Burgiel, S Daszak, P AF Smith, Katherine F. Behrens, Michael Schloegel, Lisa M. Marano, Nina Burgiel, Stas Daszak, Peter TI Reducing the Risks of the Wildlife Trade SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MONKEYPOX; INVASIONS C1 [Smith, Katherine F.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Smith, Katherine F.; Schloegel, Lisa M.; Daszak, Peter] Wildlife Trust, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Behrens, Michael] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. [Schloegel, Lisa M.] Kingston Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, Surrey, England. [Marano, Nina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Burgiel, Stas] Global Invas Species Programme, Alexandria, VA 22301 USA. RP Smith, KF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM katherine_smith@brown.edu; daszak@wildlifetrust.org NR 15 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5927 BP 594 EP 595 DI 10.1126/science.1174460 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 439DW UT WOS:000265608800025 PM 19407185 ER PT J AU Owusu-Edusei, K Chesson, HW Gift, TL AF Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. Chesson, Harrell W. Gift, Thomas L. TI The Economic Burden of Pediculosis Pubis and Scabies Infections Treated on an Outpatient Basis in the United States: Evidence From Private Insurance Claims Data, 2001-2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 [Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.; Chesson, Harrell W.; Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Owusu-Edusei, K (reprint author), 16 Clifton Rd,M-S E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfo0@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31819241ef PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 438HD UT WOS:000265545600006 PM 19295471 ER PT J AU van Wijngaarden, JWD Brown, T Girault, P Sarkar, S van Griensven, F AF van Wijngaarden, Jan W. de Lind Brown, Tim Girault, Philippe Sarkar, Swarup van Griensven, Frits TI The Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Associated Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Mekong Subregion and China: Implications for Policy and Programming SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; HIV PREVALENCE; GAY MEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; NETWORKS; SYPHILIS; HEALTH; POPULATIONS; PARTNERS AB Background: Little systematic knowledge is available regarding risk behaviors and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in populations of men having sex with men (MSM) in the Mekong Subregion and China. Methods: Data on HIV/STI prevalence and risk behavior of MSM in the region were collected through internet searches. were summarized and assessed for their policy and programming implications. Results: Twenty-four articles, reports and abstracts of research studies were identified for review. High levels of HIV, STI and associated risk behavior were reported among MSM throughout the region. The HIV prevalence among MSM in urban areas varied between 5.5% and 28.3% in Thailand and Cambodia and between 0.0% and 9.4% in Vietnam and China. No HIV/STI prevalence data were available for Lao PDR and Myanmar. Conclusion: Levels of HIV/STI prevalence and risk behavior among MSM in the Mekong Subregion and China are high. Continued monitoring and surveillance and targeted preventive interventions are necessary to stop the spread of HIV in this Vulnerable population. C1 [van Griensven, Frits] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [van Wijngaarden, Jan W. de Lind] UNESCO, Bangkok, Thailand. [Brown, Tim] East West Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96848 USA. [Girault, Philippe] Family Hlth Int, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sarkar, Swarup] UNAIDS, Bangkok, Thailand. [van Griensven, Frits] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, DDC7 Bldg,Soi 4, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@th.cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318195c302 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 438HD UT WOS:000265545600010 ER PT J AU Flores, SA Bakeman, R Millett, GA Peterson, JL AF Flores, Stephen A. Bakeman, Roger Millett, Gregorio A. Peterson, John L. TI HIV Risk Among Bisexually and Homosexually Active Racially Diverse Young Men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; AIDS; GAY; INFECTION; PARTNERS; VIRUS AB Objectives: We addressed gaps in current HIV prevention research by examining the differences between 2 groups of young men: men who have sex with men only (MSM/O) and men who have sex with men and women (MSM/W). We examined patterns and correlates of sexual risk, and considered how race/ethnicity may affect these relationships. Methods: Cross-sectional self-report data were collected from a racially diverse sample of 10,295 young MSM from 1999 to 2002. The sample comprised data from 13 urban locations across the US. Results: MSM/W reported less unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) than MSM/O, despite reporting less exposure to HIV prevention interventions, lower social support, and less awareness of antiretroviral therapies. African American men were more likely to be MSM/W and less likely to report UAI Ever getting an HIV test was associated with less UAI only among African American participants (MSM/W or MSM/O) in racial/ethnic group-specific analyses. Conclusions: HIV prevention interventions for MSM should address differences between MSM/W and MSM/O. An important component of HIV prevention efforts designed for African American MSM/W and MSM/O should be HIV testing. C1 [Flores, Stephen A.; Millett, Gregorio A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bakeman, Roger; Peterson, John L.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Flores, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sflores@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181924201 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 438HD UT WOS:000265545600011 PM 19295470 ER PT J AU Dorsey, K Zou, SM Schonberger, LB Sullivan, M Kessler, D Notari, E Fang, CT Dodd, RY AF Dorsey, Kerri Zou, Shimian Schonberger, Lawrence B. Sullivan, Marian Kessler, Debra Notari, Edward Fang, Chyang T. Dodd, Roger Y. TI Lack of evidence of transfusion transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a US surveillance study SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; PRION DISEASES; RECIPIENTS; SURVIVAL; RISK AB Since 2004, several reported transfusion transmissions of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom have reawakened concerns about the possible risk of similar transmissions of nonvariant or classic forms of CJD. Patients with a CJD diagnosis and a history of donating blood were reported to the study coordinator. Through review of blood distribution and hospital records, the recipients of blood components from these donors were identified. We then determined each recipient's vital status and, if deceased, the cause(s) of death identified by matching the recipient's personal identifiers with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Death Index database. We conducted such searches after recipients were enrolled in this study and annually thereafter for those who remained alive. The study included a total of 36 blood donors who subsequently developed CJD and 436 recipients. Through 2006, 91 of these recipients were still alive, 329 were deceased, and 16 were lost to follow-up. After transfusion, these three groups had survived a total of 2096.0 person-years. A total of 144 recipients survived 5 years or longer after transfusion and 68 of them had received blood donated 60 or fewer months before the onset of CJD in the donor. We identified no recipient with CJD. The current results of this large, ongoing lookback study show no evidence of transfusion transmission of CJD. They reinforce the conclusion that the risk, if any, of transfusion transmission of prion disease by CJD donors is significantly lower than the comparable risk of such transmission by vCJD donors. C1 [Dorsey, Kerri] Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab Biomed Sci, Transmissible Dis Dept, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RTI Int, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Dorsey, K (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab Biomed Sci, Transmissible Dis Dept, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM dorseyke@usa.redcross.org NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 977 EP 984 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02056.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 436JQ UT WOS:000265410800024 PM 19170987 ER PT J AU Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. TI Monkey malaria kills four humans SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-KNOWLESI MALARIA; MOSQUITO SALIVARY-GLAND; MALAYSIAN-BORNEO; SIMIAN MALARIA; SPOROZOITES; TRAVELER; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; THAILAND; PARASITE AB Four human deaths caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria species, are stimulating a surge of public health interest and clinical vigilance in vulnerable areas of Southeast Asia. We, and other colleagues, emphasize that these cases, identified in Malaysia, are a clear warning that health facilities and clinicians must rethink the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases presumed to be caused by a less virulent human malaria species, Plasmodium malariae. C1 [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mary.galinski@emory.edu FU NIH [1R01AI247, R01AI065961, P01HL0788626, R01AI064766]; Yerkes National Primate Research Center Base [RR-00165]; National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health FX We express our special thanks to Esmeralda V.S. Meyer for her critical reading of and editorial help on this manuscript. M.R.G. is supported by NIH grants 1R01AI247, R01AI065961, P01HL0788626 and R01AI064766 and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Base grant RR-00165, awarded by the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Emory University or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2009.02.002 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 447UP UT WOS:000266217700002 PM 19345613 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Coughlin, SS Miller, J Bobo, J Justen, E AF Ekwueme, D. U. Coughlin, S. S. Miller, J. Bobo, J. Justen, E. TI SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TO ADDRESS BREAST CANCER ISSUES IN LOW-AND MIDDLE-INCOMES COUNTRIES FROM 1990-2008 SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ekwueme, D. U.; Miller, J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Coughlin, S. S.] Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Bobo, J.] Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. [Justen, E.] CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP A37 EP A37 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)73246-0 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 433WO UT WOS:000265236700178 ER PT J AU Link, SB Nurmagambetov, T AF Link, S. B. Nurmagambetov, T. TI HOW MUCH WOULD AMERICA SAVE IF ASTHMA DID NOT EXIST? SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Link, S. B.; Nurmagambetov, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP A124 EP A124 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)73682-2 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 433WO UT WOS:000265236700614 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Rusinak, D Payne, K Shi, P Uyeki, TM Messonnier, M AF Prosser, L. A. Rusinak, D. Payne, K. Shi, P. Uyeki, T. M. Messonnier, M. TI ELICITING TIME TRADE-OFF AMOUNTS FOR HEALTH STATES IN HYPOTHETICAL INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGES USING A DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Prosser, L. A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rusinak, D.; Shi, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Rusinak, D.; Shi, P.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Payne, K.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Uyeki, T. M.; Messonnier, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP A4 EP A4 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)73085-0 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 433WO UT WOS:000265236700017 ER PT J AU Saha, S Nurmagambetov, T AF Saha, S. Nurmagambetov, T. TI MEDICATION USE AND ASTHMA CONTROL - ANALYZING ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS USING INSURANCE CLAIMS DATA SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saha, S.; Nurmagambetov, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP A128 EP A128 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)73703-7 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 433WO UT WOS:000265236700635 ER PT J AU Kitahata, MM Gange, SJ Abraham, AG Merriman, B Saag, MS Justice, AC Hogg, RS Deeks, SG Eron, JJ Brooks, JT Rourke, SB Gill, MJ Bosch, RJ Martin, JN Klein, MB Jacobson, LP Rodriguez, B Sterling, TR Kirk, GD Napravnik, S Rachlis, AR Calzavara, LM Horberg, MA Silverberg, MJ Gebo, KA Goedert, JJ Benson, CA Collier, AC Van Rompaey, SE Crane, HM McKaig, RG Lau, B Freeman, AM Moore, RD AF Kitahata, Mari M. Gange, Stephen J. Abraham, Alison G. Merriman, Barry Saag, Michael S. Justice, Amy C. Hogg, Robert S. Deeks, Steven G. Eron, Joseph J. Brooks, John T. Rourke, Sean B. Gill, M. John Bosch, Ronald J. Martin, Jeffrey N. Klein, Marina B. Jacobson, Lisa P. Rodriguez, Benigno Sterling, Timothy R. Kirk, Gregory D. Napravnik, Sonia Rachlis, Anita R. Calzavara, Liviana M. Horberg, Michael A. Silverberg, Michael J. Gebo, Kelly A. Goedert, James J. Benson, Constance A. Collier, Ann C. Van Rompaey, Stephen E. Crane, Heidi M. McKaig, Rosemary G. Lau, Bryan Freeman, Aimee M. Moore, Richard D. CA NA-ACCORD Investigators TI Effect of Early versus Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV on Survival SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CD4 CELL COUNT; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; INFECTED PATIENTS; VIRAL LOAD; BASE-LINE; VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; NAIVE INDIVIDUALS AB BACKGROUND The optimal time for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is uncertain. METHODS We conducted two parallel analyses involving a total of 17,517 asymptomatic patients with HIV infection in the United States and Canada who received medical care during the period from 1996 through 2005. None of the patients had undergone previous antiretroviral therapy. In each group, we stratified the patients according to the CD4+ count (351 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter or >500 cells per cubic millimeter) at the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. In each group, we compared the relative risk of death for patients who initiated therapy when the CD4+ count was above each of the two thresholds of interest (early-therapy group) with that of patients who deferred therapy until the CD4+ count fell below these thresholds (deferred-therapy group). RESULTS In the first analysis, which involved 8362 patients, 2084 (25%) initiated therapy at a CD4+ count of 351 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter, and 6278 (75%) deferred therapy. After adjustment for calendar year, cohort of patients, and demographic and clinical characteristics, among patients in the deferred-therapy group there was an increase in the risk of death of 69%, as compared with that in the early-therapy group (relative risk in the deferred-therapy group, 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.26; P<0.001). In the second analysis involving 9155 patients, 2220 (24%) initiated therapy at a CD4+ count of more than 500 cells per cubic millimeter and 6935 (76%) deferred therapy. Among patients in the deferred-therapy group, there was an increase in the risk of death of 94% (relative risk, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.79; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy before the CD4+ count fell below two prespecified thresholds significantly improved survival, as compared with deferred therapy. C1 [Kitahata, Mari M.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Gange, Stephen J.; Abraham, Alison G.; Merriman, Barry; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Kirk, Gregory D.; Gebo, Kelly A.; Lau, Bryan; Freeman, Aimee M.; Moore, Richard D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Saag, Michael S.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Justice, Amy C.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Justice, Amy C.] Vet Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Syst, New Haven, CT USA. [Hogg, Robert S.] British Columbia Ctr Excellence & HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Hogg, Robert S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Deeks, Steven G.; Martin, Jeffrey N.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Eron, Joseph J.; Napravnik, Sonia] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rourke, Sean B.; Rachlis, Anita R.; Calzavara, Liviana M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gill, M. John] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Bosch, Ronald J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Klein, Marina B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Rodriguez, Benigno] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sterling, Timothy R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Horberg, Michael A.; Silverberg, Michael J.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. [Goedert, James J.; McKaig, Rosemary G.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Benson, Constance A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Kitahata, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM kitahata@u.washington.edu RI Hogg, Robert/B-2783-2012; Rodriguez, Benigno/C-3365-2009; Gill, John/G-7083-2016; OI Rodriguez, Benigno/0000-0001-9736-7957; Gill, John/0000-0002-8546-8790; Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X; Hogg, Robert/0000-0003-3463-5488 FU National Institutes of Health; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality FX Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. NR 63 TC 636 Z9 670 U1 4 U2 34 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 18 BP 1815 EP 1826 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0807252 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 438MU UT WOS:000265560300004 PM 19339714 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Vincent-Mark, A Herrera, Y Chang, OJ AF Williams, Holly Ann Vincent-Mark, Arlene Herrera, Yenni Chang, O. Jaime TI A retrospective analysis of the change in anti-malarial treatment policy: Peru SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALARIA-TREATMENT POLICY; DRUG POLICY; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; CHLOROQUINE; TANZANIA; LESSONS; KENYA AB Background: National malaria control programmes must deal with the complex process of changing national malaria treatment guidelines, often without guidance on the process of change. Selecting a replacement drug is only one issue in this process. There is a paucity of literature describing successful malaria treatment policy changes to help guide control programs through this process. Objectives: To understand the wider context in which national malaria treatment guidelines were formulated in a specific country (Peru). Methods: Using qualitative methods (individual and focus group interviews, stakeholder analysis and a review of documents), a retrospective analysis of the process of change in Peru's anti-malarial treatment policy from the early 1990's to 2003 was completed. Results: The decision to change Peru's policies resulted from increasing levels of anti-malarial drug resistance, as well as complaints from providers that the drugs were no longer working. The context of the change occurred in a time in which Peru was changing national governments, which created extreme challenges in moving the change process forward. Peru utilized a number of key strategies successfully to ensure that policy change would occur. This included a) having the process directed by a group who shared a common interest in malaria and who had long-established social and professional networks among themselves, b) engaging in collaborative teamwork among nationals and between nationals and international collaborators, c) respect for and inclusion of district-level staff in all phases of the process, d) reliance on high levels of technical and scientific knowledge, e) use of standardized protocols to collect data, and f) transparency. Conclusion: Although not perfectly or fully implemented by 2003, the change in malaria treatment policy in Peru occurred very quickly, as compared to other countries. They identified a problem, collected the data necessary to justify the change, utilized political will to their favor, approved the policy, and moved to improve malaria control in their country. As such, they offer an excellent example for other countries as they contemplate or embark on policy changes. C1 [Williams, Holly Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vincent-Mark, Arlene] CDC, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Herrera, Yenni] Minist Salud, Jesus Maria Lima, Peru. [Chang, O. Jaime] USAID, Lima, Peru. [Williams, Holly Ann; Vincent-Mark, Arlene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Mail Stop F-60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hbw2@cdc.gov; Arlene.VincentMark@cdc.hhs.gov; yherrerah@minsa.gob.pe; jachang@usaid.gov FU USAID FX The authors wish to thank all the participants who agreed to share documents and be interviewed. Funding for the study was received from USAID. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 85 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-85 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 449JU UT WOS:000266327700002 PM 19400953 ER PT J AU Kalb, SR Lou, JL Garcia-Rodriguez, C Geren, IN Smith, TJ Moura, H Marks, JD Smith, LA Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Kalb, Suzanne R. Lou, Jianlong Garcia-Rodriguez, Consuelo Geren, Isin N. Smith, Theresa J. Moura, Hercules Marks, James D. Smith, Leonard A. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI Extraction and Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxins/A1, /A2, and /A3 by a Panel of Monoclonal Anti-BoNT/A Antibodies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that are capable of causing death or respiratory failure leading to long-term intensive care. Treatment includes serotype-specific antitoxins, which must be administered early in the course of the intoxication. Rapidly determining human exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. In previous work, our laboratory focused on developing Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT/A-G serotypes in buffer and BoNT/A, /B, /E, and /F in clinical samples. We have previously reported the effectiveness of antibody-capture to purify and concentrate BoNTs from complex matrices, such as clinical samples. Because some antibodies inhibit or neutralize the activity of BoNT, the choice of antibody with which to extract the toxin is critical. In this work, we evaluated a panel of 16 anti-BoNT/A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for their ability to inhibit the in vitro activity of BoNT/A1, /A2, and /A3 complex as well as the recombinant LC of A1. We also evaluated the same antibody panel for the ability to extract BoNT/A1, /A2, and /A3. Among the mAbs, there were significant differences in extraction efficiency, ability to extract BoNT/A subtypes, and inhibitory effect on BoNT catalytic activity. The mAbs binding the C-terminal portion of the BoNT/A heavy chain had optimal properties for use in the Endopep-MS assay. RP Kalb, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov OI Kalb, Suzanne/0000-0002-8067-136X NR 28 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e5355 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005355 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437VL UT WOS:000265514900015 PM 19399171 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Ryman, TK Sablan, M AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Ryman, Tove K. Sablan, Mariana TI Estimating vaccination coverage: Validity of household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; Survey bias; Validity; Recall ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; MATERNAL RECALL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; ACCURACY; MEASLES AB Public health programs rely on household-survey estimates of vaccination coverage as a basis of programmatic and policy decisions: however, the validity of estimates derived from household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall has not been thoroughly evaluated. Using data from a vaccination coverage survey conducted in the Western Pacific's Northern Mariana Islands, we compared results from household data sources to medical record sources for the same children. We calculated the percentage of children aged 1, 2, and 6 years who received all vaccines recommended by age 12 months, 24 months, and for school entry, respectively. Coverage estimates based on vaccination cards ranged from 14% to 30% in the three age groups compared to 78-91% for the same children based on medical records. When cards were supplemented by parental recall, estimates were 51-53%. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa statistics generally indicated poor agreement between household and medical record sources. Household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall were insufficient Sources of information for estimating vaccination coverage in this population. This study emphasizes the importance of identifying reliable Sources of vaccination history information and reinforces the need for awareness of the potential limitations of vaccination coverage estimated from surveys that rely on household-retained cards and/or parental recall. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luman, Elizabeth T.; Ryman, Tove K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2534 EP 2539 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 440YK UT WOS:000265735400005 PM 18948158 ER PT J AU Zubkova, I Choi, YH Chang, E Priollo, K Uren, T Watanabe, H Wells, F Kachko, A Krawczynski, K Major, ME AF Zubkova, I. Choi, Y. H. Chang, E. Priollo, K. Uren, T. Watanabe, H. Wells, F. Kachko, A. Krawczynski, K. Major, M. E. TI T-cell vaccines that elicit effective immune responses against HCV in chimpanzees may create greater immune pressure for viral mutation SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis C virus; T-cell; Immune escape; Chimpanzee ID HEPATITIS-C-VIRUS; SINGLE-SOURCE OUTBREAK; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; RECOVERED CHIMPANZEES; ESCAPE MUTATIONS; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; GENE DELIVERY; PLASMID DNA; INFECTION; PERSISTENCE AB A prime/boost vaccine strategy that transfects antigen-presenting cells using ligand-modified immunoliposomes to efficiently deliver plasmid DNA, followed by boosting with non-replicating recombinant advenovirus was used in chimpanzees to generate HCV-specific memory T-cells. Three chimpanzees (two vaccines, one control) were immunized with immunoliposomes complexed with DNA expressing NS3-NS5B or complexed with empty vector. Animals were boosted with adenovirus expressing NS3-NS5B, or non-recombinant adenovirus (control). Using liposome delivery we were able to obtain specific HCV responses following DNA priming in the chimpanzees. This data and mouse immunization studies confirm this as a more efficient delivery system than direct intramuscular inoculations with naked DNA. Subsequent to the adenovirus boost significant increases in peripheral HCV-specific T-cell responses and intrahepatic IFN-gamma and CD3 epsilon mRNA were also observed in the two vaccinated animals. Following challenge (100 CID(50)) both vaccinated animals showed immediate and significant control of viral replication (peak titers 3.7 x10(4) and 9 x 10(3) IU/mL at weeks 1 and 2), which coincided with increases in HCV-specific T-cell responses. Viral kinetics in the control animals were comparable to historical controls with exponenital increases in titer during the first several weeks. One vaccinated animal developed a low-level persistent infection (2 x 10(3) IU/mL) which correlated with a decrease in HCV-specific T-cell responses. Circulating virus isolated from both vaccinated animals showed similar to 2-fold greater nonsynonymous mutation rates compared to controls and the nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation rate ratio was indicative of positive selection. These data suggest that although T-cell vaccines can include immune responses capable of controlling HCV, they also induce high levels of immune pressure for the potential selection of escape mutants Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zubkova, I.; Uren, T.; Watanabe, H.; Wells, F.; Kachko, A.; Major, M. E.] US FDA, Lab Hepatitis Virol, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Choi, Y. H.; Krawczynski, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chang, E.; Priollo, K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Major, ME (reprint author), US FDA, Lab Hepatitis Virol, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29A,Rm 1D10,HFM 448,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM marian.major@fda.hhs.gov FU CDC; FDA; National Vaccine Program Office FX We Would like to thank Dr. Paul SpLirlock, Animal Resources Branch,SRP,CDCand members of the CDC veterinary staff for excellent veterinary Support and care during the primate experiments at CDC. We also thank Dr. Judy Beeler and Dr. Dino Feigelstock for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was Supported by CDC and FDA intramural research funds. H.W. was Supported by a grant from the National Vaccine Program Office. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2594 EP 2602 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.045 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 440YK UT WOS:000265735400013 PM 19428866 ER PT J AU Martinson, NA Morris, L Johnson, J Gray, GE Pillay, V Ledwaba, J Dhlamini, P Cohen, S Puren, A Steyn, J Heneine, W McIntyre, JA AF Martinson, Neil A. Morris, Lynn Johnson, Jeffrey Gray, Glenda E. Pillay, Visva Ledwaba, Johanna Dhlamini, Puleng Cohen, Sarah Puren, Adrian Steyn, Jan Heneine, Walid McIntyre, James A. TI Women exposed to single-dose nevirapine in successive pregnancies: effectiveness and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE allele-specific PCR; clade C; drug resistance; mother-to-child transmission; single-dose nevirapine; South Africa ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; PREVENTION; UGANDA; INTRAPARTUM; PERSISTENCE AB Objective: To assess the impact of prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) on mother-to-child transmission and genotypic resistance in HIV-infected women. Design: Prospective study of 120 women exposed to the HIVNET 012 sdNVP regimen in two Successive pregnancies and 240 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive, multiparous women who received sdNVP for the first time. Results: One hundred and eight of 120 and 193 of 240 women returned for a postpartum visit by 6 weeks. HIV-1 was detected in 11.1% (95% confidence interval = 5.9-18.6) of the infants of women previously exposed to sdNVP and 4.2% (95% confidence interval = 1.3-7.0) of those exposed for the first time (P=0.028). Rates of maternal HIV-1 genotypic resistance at 6 weeks postdelivery were 37.5% and 46.4%, respectively (P = 0.119). Sensitive mutation-specific real-time PCR testing found three of 12 previously exposed women who transmitted HIV-1 to their infants had either K103N or Y181C at baseline compared with one of eight ARV-naive, transmitting women who had Y181C. None of 40 randomly selected nontransmitting women from either group had detectable NVP resistance Mutations prior to sdNVP exposure. Conclusion: This study shows that effectiveness of sdNVP may be compromised by prior exposure to sdNVP, although the increase in transmission rate after prior exposure could not be explained by the detection of NVP resistance mutations prior to re-exposure as measured both by standard genotyping and highly sensitive allele-specific PCR assays. Furthermore, transmission rates of women with prior exposure were not higher than those reported elsewhere. (c) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Martinson, Neil A.; Gray, Glenda E.; Dhlamini, Puleng; Steyn, Jan; McIntyre, James A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, ZA-1864 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Martinson, Neil A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Morris, Lynn; Pillay, Visva; Ledwaba, Johanna; Cohen, Sarah; Puren, Adrian] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Johnson, Jeffrey; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martinson, NA (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, POB 114, ZA-1864 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM neil1.martinson@gmail.com OI , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828 FU United States Agency for International Development and the President's Emergency Plan [674-0320-G-00-5053, 674-A-00-0500003-00]; Wellcome Trust International Senior Research Fellow in Biomedical Sciences FX The authors thank the women and their children who participated in this study, Dr Purnla Lupondwana for cohort management and Ms Lynette Modise for followup. At the NICE), they thani Mary Phoswa, Ewalde Cutler andErrilly Tlale for diagnostic testing and Candice Pillay and Matshediso Ntsala for resistance testing. The United States Agency for International Development and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (grant numbers 674-0320-G-00-5053 and 674-A-00-0500003-00) funds the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission program in Soweto. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the funders. L.M. is a Wellcome Trust International Senior Research Fellow in Biomedical Sciences NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 27 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 809 EP 816 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328323ad49 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 438OJ UT WOS:000265564600008 PM 19287298 ER PT J AU Dobbins, M Robeson, P Ciliska, D Hanna, S Cameron, R O'Mara, L DeCorby, K Mercer, S AF Dobbins, Maureen Robeson, Paula Ciliska, Donna Hanna, Steve Cameron, Roy O'Mara, Linda DeCorby, Kara Mercer, Shawna TI A description of a knowledge broker role implemented as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating three knowledge translation strategies SO IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; HEALTH-CARE; INNOVATION; ORGANIZATIONS; INFORMATION; DIFFUSION; BARRIERS; MAKERS; WORK AB Background: A knowledge broker (KB) is a popular knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) strategy emerging in Canada to promote interaction between researchers and end users, as well as to develop capacity for evidence-informed decision making. A KB provides a link between research producers and end users by developing a mutual understanding of goals and cultures, collaborates with end users to identify issues and problems for which solutions are required, and facilitates the identification, access, assessment, interpretation, and translation of research evidence into local policy and practice. Knowledge-brokering can be carried out by individuals, groups and/or organizations, as well as entire countries. In each case, the KB is linked with a group of end users and focuses on promoting the integration of the best available evidence into policy and practice-related decisions. Methods: A KB intervention comprised one of three KTE interventions evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Results: KB activities were classified into the following categories: initial and ongoing needs assessments; scanning the horizon; knowledge management; KTE; network development, maintenance, and facilitation; facilitation of individual capacity development in evidence informed decision making; and g) facilitation of and support for organizational change. Conclusion: As the KB role developed during this study, central themes that emerged as particularly important included relationship development, ongoing support, customized approaches, and opportunities for individual and organizational capacity development. The novelty of the KB role in public health provides a unique opportunity to assess the need for and reaction to the role and its associated activities. Future research should include studies to evaluate the effectiveness of KBs in different settings and among different health care professionals, and to explore the optimal preparation and training of KBs, as well as the identification of the personality characteristics most closely associated with KB effectiveness. Studies should also seek to better understand which combination of KB activities are associated with optimal evidence-informed decision making outcomes, and whether the combination changes in different settings and among different health care decision makers. C1 [Dobbins, Maureen; Robeson, Paula; Ciliska, Donna; O'Mara, Linda; DeCorby, Kara] McMaster Univ, Sch Nursing, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Hanna, Steve] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Hanna, Steve] McMaster Univ, CANCHILD Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Cameron, Roy] Univ Waterloo, Lyle Hallman Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Mercer, Shawna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guide Community Prevent Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dobbins, M (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Nursing, Hamilton, ON, Canada. EM dobbinsm@mcmaster.ca; probeson@health-evidence.ca; ciliska@mcmaster.ca; hannas@mcmaster.ca; cameron@healthy.uwaterloo.ca; omara@mcmaster.ca; kdecorby@health-evidence.ca; zhi5@cdc.gov FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; City of Hamilton Public Health Services; Institut national de sante publique du Quebec FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding of the research project from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and in-kind support of the City of Hamilton Public Health Services and Institut national de sante publique du Quebec. Maureen Dobbins is a career scientist with the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Results expressed in this report are those of the investigators and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The authors report no funding-related or other conflicts of interest in this work. NR 68 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 35 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1748-5908 J9 IMPLEMENT SCI JI Implement. Sci. PD APR 27 PY 2009 VL 4 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1748-5908-4-23 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 445ID UT WOS:000266043600002 PM 19397820 ER PT J AU Chen, N Zou, J Wang, SM Ye, YM Huang, Y Gadda, G Yang, JJ AF Chen, Ning Zou, Jin Wang, Siming Ye, Yiming Huang, Yun Gadda, Giovanni Yang, Jenny J. TI Designing Protease Sensors for Real-Time Imaging of Trypsin Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS; ACINAR-CELLS; INHIBITOR; CALCIUM; EXPRESSION; EXCITATION; RECEPTOR; SYSTEM; ONSET AB Acute pancreatitis is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by intracellular trypsinogen activation. Although protease detection has been greatly facilitated by the development of protease probes capable of monitoring protease activation and inhibition, real-time quantitative measurement of protease activity in living cells remains a challenge, and the identification of the cellular compartment for trypsinogen activation is inconclusive. Here we report a novel strategy for developing trypsin sensors by grafting an enzymatic cleavage site into a sensitive location for optical change of chromophore in a single enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Our designed trypsin sensor exhibits rapid kinetic responses for protease activation and inhibition with a large ratiometric optical signal change. In addition, it has strong specificity, as enzymatic cleavage is not observed with other proteases such as thrombin, cathepsin 13, tryptase, and tissue plasminogen activator. Moreover, the developed trypsin sensor allows us for the first time to observe, in real time, trypsinogen activation by caerulein in the pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2 without zymogen granules. These developed protease sensors will facilitate improved understanding of mechanisms and locations of protease activation and further provide screening of protease inhibitors with therapeutic effects. C1 [Chen, Ning; Zou, Jin; Wang, Siming; Huang, Yun; Gadda, Giovanni; Yang, Jenny J.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Ye, Yiming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM chejjy@langate.gsu.edu FU NIH [GM 62999-1, GM-70555]; GSU Molecular Basis of Disease Predoctoral Fellowships; NSF [MCB-0545712]; PRF [47636-AC4] FX This work is supported in part by the following sponsors: NIH GM 62999-1, GM-70555 to J.J.Y.; GSU Molecular Basis of Disease Predoctoral Fellowships to N.C.; Career Award MCB-0545712 from NSF and PRF 47636-AC4 to G.G. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 21 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 15 BP 3519 EP 3526 DI 10.1021/bi802289v PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 432YL UT WOS:000265170200029 PM 19271729 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Holman, RC Christensen, KLY Cheek, JE Damon, IK AF Reynolds, Mary G. Holman, Robert C. Christensen, Krista L. Yorita Cheek, James E. Damon, Inger K. TI The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum (MC) in the United States is largely unknown, despite the fact that the virus is directly communicable and large outbreaks occur. This study provides population-based estimates to describe the epidemiology of MC in the United States among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. This population was selected because of the comprehensiveness and quality of available data describing utilization of outpatient services. Principal Findings: Outpatient visits listing MC as a diagnosis in the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System during 2001-2005 were analyzed to assess patient characteristics, visit frequency and concurrent skin conditions. Outpatient visit rates and incidence rates were calculated based on known population denominators (retrospective cohort). Overall outpatient visit rates were also calculated for the general US population using national data. The average annual rate of MC-associated outpatient visits was 20.15/10,000 AI/AN persons for 2001-2005 (13,711 total visits), which was similar to the rate for the general US population (22.0/10,000 [95% CI: 16.9-27.1]). The incidence of MC-associated visits was 15.34/10,000. AI/AN children 1-4 years old had the highest incidence (77.12), more than twice that for children 5-14 years old (30.79); the incidence for infants (< 1 year) was higher than that for adults. AI/AN persons living in the West region had the highest incidence, followed by those in the East and Alaska regions (26.96, 22.88 and 21.38, respectively). There were age-specific associations between MC and concurrent skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, eczema). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC in the United States. High rates of MC were found among AI/AN persons, especially among children,15 years old. The AI/AN population would benefit from greater availability of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of MCV infection. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 21 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e5255 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005255 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437VA UT WOS:000265513800016 PM 19381289 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Dong, MX Brown, DW Felitti, VJ Giles, WH Perry, GS Valerie, EJ Dube, SR AF Anda, Robert F. Dong, Maxia Brown, David W. Felitti, Vincent J. Giles, Wayne H. Perry, Geraldine S. Valerie, Edwards J. Dube, Shanta R. TI The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to a history of premature death of family members SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL MORTALITY; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; MARITAL-STATUS; SEXUAL-ABUSE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; VIOLENT DEATH; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-ABUSE AB Background: To assess the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse and neglect, and serious household dysfunction, and premature death of a family member. Because ACEs increase the risk for many of the leading causes of death in adults and tend to be familial and intergenerational, we hypothesized that persons who report having more ACEs would be more likely to have family members at risk of premature death. Methods: We used data from 17,337 adult health plan members who completed a survey about 10 types of ACEs and whether a family member died before age 65. The prevalence of family member premature death and its association with ACEs were assessed. Results: Family members of respondents who experienced any type of ACEs were more likely to have elevated prevalence for premature death relative to those of respondents without such experience ( p < 0.01). The highest risk occurred among those who reported having been physically neglected and living with substance abusing or criminal family members during childhood. A powerful graded relationship between the number of ACEs and premature mortality in the family was observed for all age groups, and comparison between groups reporting 0 ACE and >= 4 ACEs yielded an OR of 1.8 (95% Cl, 1.6-2.0). Conclusion: Adverse childhood experiences may be an indicator of a chaotic family environment that results in an increased risk of premature death among family members. C1 [Anda, Robert F.; Dong, Maxia; Brown, David W.; Giles, Wayne H.; Perry, Geraldine S.; Valerie, Edwards J.; Dube, Shanta R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, ACE Study Group, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Felitti, Vincent J.] So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, ACE Study Group, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfa1@cdc.gov; mfd7@cdc.gov; zyi3@cdc.gov; vjfmdsdca@msn.gov; hwg0@cdc.gov; gxp2@cdc.gov; vae2@cdc.gov; skd7@cdc.gov FU CDC through the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, [TS-44-10/11]; Garfield Memorial Fund FX The ACE study was supported under cooperative agreement # TS-44-10/11 from the CDC through the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, and a grant from the Garfield Memorial Fund Dr. Maxia Dong was supported by this cooperative agreement. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD APR 16 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 106 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-9-106 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 443RU UT WOS:000265928900001 PM 19371414 ER PT J AU Mutuku, FM Bayoh, MN Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Gimnig, JE Mueke, JM Amimo, FA Walker, E AF Mutuku, F. M. Bayoh, M. N. Hightower, A. W. Vulule, J. M. Gimnig, J. E. Mueke, J. M. Amimo, F. A. Walker, E. D. TI A supervised land cover classification of a western Kenya lowland endemic for human malaria: associations of land cover with larval Anopheles habitats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; LANDSCAPE; VECTORS; HIGHLANDS; AFRICA AB Background: A supervised land cover classification was developed from very high resolution IKONOS satellite data and extensive ground truth sampling of a ca. 10 sq km malaria-endemic lowland in western Kenya. The classification was then applied to an investigation of distribution of larval Anopheles habitats. The hypothesis was that the distribution and abundance of aquatic habitats of larvae of various species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles is associated with identifiable landscape features. Results and discussion: The classification resulted in 7 distinguishable land cover types, each with a distinguishable vegetation pattern, was highly accurate (89%, Kappa statistic = 0.86), and had a low rate of omission and commission errors. A total of 1,198 habitats and 19,776 Anopheles larvae of 9 species were quantified in samples from a rainy season, and 184 habitats and 582 larvae from a dry season. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the dominant species complex (51% of total) and A. arabiensis the dominant species. Agricultural land covers (mature maize fields, newly cultivated fields, and pastured grasslands) were positively associated with presence of larval habitats, and were located relatively close to stream channels; whilst nonagricultural land covers (short shrubs, medium shrubs, tall shrubs, and bare soil around residences) were negatively associated with presence of larval habitats and were more distant from stream channels. Number of larval habitats declined exponentially with distance from streams. IKONOS imagery was not useful in direct detection of larval habitats because they were small and turbid (resembling bare soil), but was useful in localization of them through statistical associations with specific land covers. Conclusion: A supervised classification of land cover types in rural, lowland, western Kenya revealed a largely human-modified and fragmented landscape consisting of agricultural and domestic land uses. Within it, larval habitats of Anopheles vectors of human malaria were associated with certain land cover types, of largely agricultural origin, and close to streams. Knowledge of these associations can inform malaria control to gather information on potential larval habitats more efficiently than by field survey and can do so over large areas. C1 [Mutuku, F. M.; Bayoh, M. N.; Vulule, J. M.; Walker, E. D.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Mutuku, F. M.; Bayoh, M. N.; Hightower, A. W.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Gimnig, J. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mueke, J. M.] Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Amimo, F. A.] Univ Eastern Africa, Dept Biol, Baraton, Kenya. [Walker, E. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Walker, E (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. EM fmutuku73@gmail.com; nbayoh@ke.cdc.gov; ahightower@ke.cdc.gov; jvulule@ke.cdc.gov; jgimnig@cdc.gov; fmutuku73@gmail.com; amimof@yahoo.com; walker@msu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI50703, R01 AI050703] NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD APR 16 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-19 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 445IJ UT WOS:000266044200001 PM 19371425 ER PT J AU Strickland, MJ Klein, M Correa, A Reller, MD Mahle, WT Riehle-Colarusso, TJ Botto, LD Flanders, WD Mulholland, JA Siffel, C Marcus, M Tolbert, PE AF Strickland, Matthew J. Klein, Mitchel Correa, Adolfo Reller, Mark D. Mahle, William T. Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J. Botto, Lorenzo D. Flanders, W. Dana Mulholland, James A. Siffel, Csaba Marcus, Michele Tolbert, Paige E. TI Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Malformations in Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; heart defects; congenital ID PATENT DUCTUS-ARTERIOSUS; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; FETAL-GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; QUALITY; INFANTS AB Associations between ambient air pollution levels during weeks 3-7 of pregnancy and risks of cardiovascular malformations were investigated among the cohort of pregnancies reaching at least 20 weeks' gestation that were conceived during January 1, 1986-March 12, 2003, in Atlanta, Georgia. Surveillance records obtained from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, which conducts active, population-based surveillance on this cohort, were reviewed to classify cardiovascular malformations. Ambient 8-hour maximum ozone and 24-hour average carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter with an average aerodynamic diameter of < 10 mu m (PM(10)), and sulfur dioxide measurements were obtained from centrally located stationary monitors. Temporal associations between these pollutants and daily risks of secundum atrial septal defect, aortic coarctation, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, valvar pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, muscular ventricular septal defect, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, conotruncal defects, left ventricular outflow tract defect, and right ventricular outflow defect were modeled by using Poisson generalized linear models. A statistically significant association was observed between PM(10) and patent ductus arteriosus (for an interquartile range increase in PM(10) levels, risk ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 2.31). Of the 60 associations examined in the primary analysis, no other significant associations were observed. C1 [Strickland, Matthew J.; Klein, Mitchel; Tolbert, Paige E.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Strickland, Matthew J.; Flanders, W. Dana; Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Strickland, Matthew J.; Correa, Adolfo; Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J.; Siffel, Csaba] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reller, Mark D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mahle, William T.] Emory Univ, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Mulholland, James A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Siffel, Csaba] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strickland, MJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mjstric@sph.emory.edu RI Correa, Adolfo /E-7883-2011; Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 OI Correa, Adolfo /0000-0002-9501-600X; FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01-ES012967-01A1]; Health Resources and Services Administration [T03MC07651]; Environmental Public Health Tracking at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01-ES012967-01A1), the Health Resources and Services Administration (T03MC07651), and Environmental Public Health Tracking at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp011 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 425KH UT WOS:000264634900011 PM 19258486 ER PT J AU Adibi, JJ Hauser, R Williams, PL Whyatt, RM Calafat, AM Nelson, H Herrick, R Swan, SH AF Adibi, Jennifer J. Hauser, Russ Williams, Paige L. Whyatt, Robin M. Calafat, Antonia M. Nelson, Heather Herrick, Robert Swan, Shanna H. TI Maternal Urinary Metabolites of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Relation to the Timing of Labor in a US Multicenter Pregnancy Cohort Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creatinine; diethylhexyl phthalate; endocrine disruptors; gestational age; parturition; placenta; PPAR gamma; pregnancy ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PPAR-GAMMA; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; POSTTERM DELIVERY; GRANULOSA-CELLS; HUMAN-PLACENTA AB Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in consumer and medical products that can cross the placenta, disrupt steroid hormone synthesis, and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. The authors examined DEHP exposure in relation to the timing of labor in a pregnancy cohort study of 283 women recruited in 4 US states (California, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri) between 2000 and 2004. The authors estimated associations between concentrations of DEHP metabolites and gestational age at delivery using linear regression models and associations between DEHP metabolites and clinical outcomes using logistic regression models. After covariate adjustment, women at the 75th percentile of DEHP metabolite concentrations had a 2-day-longer mean length of gestation than women at the 25th percentile (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 3.3). Log-unit increases in mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate concentrations were associated with increased odds of cesarean section delivery (30% and 50% increased odds, respectively), increased odds of delivering at 41 weeks or later (100% and 120% increased odds), and reduced odds of preterm delivery (50% and 60% decreased odds). These data suggest that DEHP may interfere with signaling related to the timing of parturition. C1 [Adibi, Jennifer J.; Hauser, Russ; Nelson, Heather; Herrick, Robert] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Williams, Paige L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Whyatt, Robin M.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Adibi, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Reprod Sci, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0556, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM adibij@obgyn.ucsf.edu RI Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315 FU Environmental Protection Agency [R-82943601-0]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES013543)]; Harvard Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health [T42 OH008416] FX This research was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency ( Star Grant R-82943601-0) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( grant R01 ES013543). Jennifer Adibi's doctoral training was funded by the Harvard Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health ( grant T42 OH008416). NR 51 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1024 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp001 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 425KH UT WOS:000264634900012 PM 19251754 ER PT J AU Blake, TA Williams, TL Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Blake, Thomas A. Williams, Tracie L. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI Targeted N-Linked Glycosylation Analysis of H5N1 Influenza Hemagglutinin by Selective Sample Preparation and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; RECEPTOR-BINDING; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; GLYCOPEPTIDE ANALYSIS; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; VIRAL GLYCOPROTEINS; OXIDIZED METHIONINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of deglycosylated and intact glycopeptides from tryptic digests of whole influenza virus, we determined that the six predicted N-linked glycosylation sites within the N-terminal ectodomain of hemagglutinin (HA) from three selected H5N1 strains are occupied. The use of selective sample preparation strategies, including solid-phase extraction (SPE) of glycopeptides via hydrazide capture chemistry as well as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), sufficiently reduced sample complexity to allow determination of occupied glycosylation sites. The specific amino acid sequence of the tryptic glycopeptides for the identified sites varied slightly among strains, but the overall locations of the occupied glycosylation sites were conserved in the protein sequence. We used this knowledge of glycosylation site occupation to examine the glycans attached to these occupied sites on HA for a reassortant H5N1 strain grown in embryonated chicken eggs. By applying mass spectrometry-based methodologies for examining glycosylation to the study of influenza virus proteins, we can better understand the effect that this post-translational modification has upon the virulence and antigenicity of emerging strains. C1 [Blake, Thomas A.; Williams, Tracie L.; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov OI Blake, Thomas/0000-0001-8536-9998 NR 67 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3109 EP 3118 DI 10.1021/ac900095h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 432UD UT WOS:000265158800037 PM 19290601 ER PT J AU Simonson, TS Okinaka, RT Wang, B Easterday, WR Huynh, L U'Ren, JM Dukerich, M Zanecki, SR Kenefic, LJ Beaudry, J Schupp, JM Pearson, T Wagner, DM Hoffmaster, A Ravel, J Keim, P AF Simonson, Tatum S. Okinaka, Richard T. Wang, Bingxiang Easterday, W. Ryan Huynh, Lynn U'Ren, Jana M. Dukerich, Meghan Zanecki, Shaylan R. Kenefic, Leo J. Beaudry, Jodi Schupp, James M. Pearson, Talima Wagner, David M. Hoffmaster, Alex Ravel, Jacques Keim, Paul TI Bacillus anthracis in China and its relationship to worldwide lineages SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; DIVERSITY; GENE; AMES AB Background: The global pattern of distribution of 1033 B. anthracis isolates has previously been defined by a set of 12 conserved canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP). These studies reinforced the presence of three major lineages and 12 sub-lineages and sub-groups of this anthrax-causing pathogen. Isolates that form the A lineage (unlike the B and C lineages) have become widely dispersed throughout the world and form the basis for the geographical disposition of "modern" anthrax. An archival collection of 191 different B. anthracis isolates from China provides a glimpse into the possible role of Chinese trade and commerce in the spread of certain sub-lineages of this pathogen. Canonical single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) and multiple locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) typing has been used to examine this archival collection of isolates. Results: The canSNP study indicates that there are 5 different sub-lineages/sub-groups in China out of 12 previously described world-wide canSNP genotypes. Three of these canSNP genotypes were only found in the western-most province of China, Xinjiang. These genotypes were A. Br.008/009, a sub-group that is spread across most of Europe and Asia; A. Br. Aust 94, a sub-lineage that is present in Europe and India, and A. Br. Vollum, a lineage that is also present in Europe. The remaining two canSNP genotypes are spread across the whole of China and belong to sub-group A. Br. 001/002 and the A. Br. Ames sub-lineage, two closely related genotypes. MLVA typing adds resolution to the isolates in each canSNP genotype and diversity indices for the A. Br. 008/009 and A. Br. 001/002 sub-groups suggest that these represent older and established clades in China. Conclusion: B. anthracis isolates were recovered from three canSNP sub-groups ( A. Br.008/009, A.Br.Aust94, and A.Br.Vollum) in the western most portion of the large Chinese province of Xinjiang. The city of Kashi in this province appears to have served as a crossroads for not only trade but the movement of diseases such as anthrax along the ancient "silk road". Phylogenetic inference also suggests that the A.Br.Ames sub-lineage, first identified in the original Ames strain isolated from Jim Hogg County, TX, is descended from the A.Br.001/002 sub-group that has a major presence in most of China. These results suggest a genetic discontinuity between the younger Ames sub-lineage in Texas and the large Western North American sub-lineage spread across central Canada and the Dakotas. C1 [Simonson, Tatum S.; Okinaka, Richard T.; Easterday, W. Ryan; Huynh, Lynn; U'Ren, Jana M.; Dukerich, Meghan; Zanecki, Shaylan R.; Kenefic, Leo J.; Beaudry, Jodi; Schupp, James M.; Pearson, Talima; Wagner, David M.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.; Keim, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Bingxiang] Lanzhou Inst Biol Prod, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Hoffmaster, Alex] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ravel, Jacques] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Tatum.Simonson@utah.edu; Richard.Okinaka@NAU.edu; Wangbxa@126.com; ryaneasterday@hotmail.com; lyhuynh@emory.edu; juren@email.arizona.edu; msdukerich@ucdavis.edu; shayz@cableone.net; Leo.Kenefic@nau.edu; Jodi.Beaudry@nau.edu; James.Schupp@nau.edu; Talima.Pearson@nau.edu; David.Wagner@nau.edu; amh9@cdc.gov; jravel@som.umaryland.edu; Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Easterday, W. Ryan/M-6732-2015; OI Easterday, W. Ryan/0000-0001-5865-7062; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233 FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [NBCH2070001, HSHQDC-08-C00158] FX We wish to acknowledge the contributions of Matthew N. Van Ert for providing conceptual and analytical insights for this project. This work was funded in part by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate under contract numbers: NBCH2070001 and HSHQDC-08-C00158. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 71 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-9-71 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 442NS UT WOS:000265848500001 PM 19368722 ER PT J AU Harper, SA Bradley, JS Englund, JA File, TM Gravenstein, S Hayden, FG McGeer, AJ Neuzil, KM Pavia, AT Tapper, ML Uyeki, TM Zimmerman, RK AF Harper, Scott A. Bradley, John S. Englund, Janet A. File, Thomas M. Gravenstein, Stefan Hayden, Frederick G. McGeer, Allison J. Neuzil, Kathleen M. Pavia, Andrew T. Tapper, Michael L. Uyeki, Timothy M. Zimmerman, Richard K. TI Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children-Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID LONG-TERM-CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR ZANAMIVIR; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PARTICLE AEROSOL TREATMENT; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION AB Guidelines for the treatment of persons with influenza virus infection were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The evidence-based guidelines encompass diagnostic issues, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal (interpandemic) influenza. They are intended for use by physicians in all medical specialties with direct patient care, because influenza virus infection is common in communities during influenza season and may be encountered by practitioners caring for a wide variety of patients. C1 [Harper, Scott A.; Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bradley, John S.] Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. [Bradley, John S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Englund, Janet A.; Neuzil, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Neuzil, Kathleen M.] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [File, Thomas M.] Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Qual Partners Rhode Isl, Providence, RI USA. [Hayden, Frederick G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Pavia, Andrew T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Tapper, Michael L.] Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Tapper, Michael L.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Zimmerman, Richard K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [McGeer, Allison J.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Harper, SA (reprint author), 125 Worth St,Box 22-A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM svh9@cdc.gov RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014; OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137; Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 NR 228 TC 333 Z9 355 U1 3 U2 28 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1032 DI 10.1086/598513 PG 30 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420RR UT WOS:000264307400001 PM 19281331 ER PT J AU Jain, S Bidol, SA Austin, JL Berl, E Elson, F LeMaile-Williams, M Deasy, M Moll, ME Rea, V Vojdani, JD Yu, PA Hoekstra, RM Braden, CR Lynch, MF AF Jain, Seema Bidol, Sally A. Austin, Jana L. Berl, Erica Elson, Franny LeMaile-Williams, Mysheika Deasy, Marshall, III Moll, Maria E. Rea, Vickie Vojdani, Jazmin D. Yu, Patricia A. Hoekstra, Robert M. Braden, Christopher R. Lynch, Michael F. TI Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium and Saintpaul Infections Associated with Unpasteurized Orange Juice-United States, 2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS AB Background. Infection due to Salmonella species causes an estimated 1.4 million illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the United States. Orange juice is a known vehicle of salmonellosis, for which regulatory controls have recently been implemented. We investigated a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella infection to determine the magnitude of the outbreak and to identify risk factors for infection. Methods. We identified cases through national laboratory-based surveillance. In a case-control study, we defined a case as infection with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium that demonstrated the outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern in a person with illness onset from 1 May through 31 July 2005; control subjects were identified through random digit dialing. Results. We identified 152 cases in 23 states. Detailed information was available for 95 cases. The median age of patients was 23 years; 46 (48%) of the 95 patients were female. For 38 patients and 53 age-group matched control subjects in 5 states, illness was associated with consuming orange juice (90% vs. 43%; odds ratio, 22.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.5-927.5). In a conditional logistic regression model, illness was associated with consuming unpasteurized orange juice from company X (53% vs. 0%; odds ratio, 38.0; 95% confidence interval, 6.5 infinity). The US Food and Drug Administration found that company X was noncompliant with the juice Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point regulation and isolated Salmonella serotype Saintpaul from company X's orange juice. Conclusions. Unpasteurized orange juice from company X was the vehicle of a widespread outbreak of salmonellosis. Although the route of contamination is unknown, noncompliance with the juice Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point regulation likely contributed to this outbreak. Pasteurization or other reliable treatment of orange juice could prevent similar outbreaks. C1 [Jain, Seema; Austin, Jana L.; Vojdani, Jazmin D.; Yu, Patricia A.; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Braden, Christopher R.; Lynch, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jain, Seema] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bidol, Sally A.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Berl, Erica; Elson, Franny] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. [LeMaile-Williams, Mysheika] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Deasy, Marshall, III; Moll, Maria E.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Rea, Vickie] Maine State Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, GA USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwc8@cdc.gov OI Duque, Jazmin/0000-0003-3484-276X NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1086/597397 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420RR UT WOS:000264307400006 PM 19281328 ER PT J AU Wendel, AM Johnson, DH Sharapov, U Grant, J Archer, JR Monson, T Koschmann, C Davis, JP AF Wendel, Arthur M. Johnson, Diep Hoang Sharapov, Umid Grant, Juliana Archer, John R. Monson, Timothy Koschmann, Cindy Davis, Jeffrey P. TI Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection Associated with Consumption of Packaged Spinach, August-September 2006: The Wisconsin Investigation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; O157-H7 INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; BEEF-CATTLE; LETTUCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; DIARRHEA AB Background. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection often causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Methods. In 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, in cooperation with other local, state, and federal partners, investigated an outbreak of E. coli O157: H7 infection. Results. In September 2006, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene were able to link geographically dispersed E. coli O157: H7 isolates recovered from the stool samples of ill persons, all of which had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern (i.e outbreak pattern). Investigators conducted a case-control study with control subjects (n = 86) matched to case patients (n = 49) by age, sex, and residential location. All case patients' onsets of illness occurred during the period from 20 August through 14 September 2006. Illness was associated with spinach consumption (matched odds ratio, 82.1; 95% confidence interval, 14.7 to >1000). Of the 49 case patients, 26 (53%) recalled eating brand A spinach. On multibrand analysis, only brand A was associated with illness (undefined matched odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 6.8-infinity). Wisconsin's agriculture laboratory isolated E. coli O157:H7 with the outbreak pattern from spinach in 2 brand A packages, both produced on 15 August 2006. Conclusions. The rapid multijurisdictional epidemiologic and laboratory response, including timely pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern analysis and PulseNet posting, facilitated prompt voluntary recall of brand A spinach. C1 [Wendel, Arthur M.; Johnson, Diep Hoang; Archer, John R.; Davis, Jeffrey P.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Monson, Timothy] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Koschmann, Cindy] Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Bur Lab Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wendel, Arthur M.; Sharapov, Umid; Grant, Juliana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sharapov, Umid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wendel, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dvq6@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1086/597399 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420RR UT WOS:000264307400008 PM 19265476 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Bowman, NM Kawai, V Plotkin, JB Waller, LA Cabrera, L Steurer, F Seitz, AE Pinedo-Cancino, VV del Carpio, JGC Benzaquen, EC McKenzie, FE Maguire, JH Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Levy, Michael Z. Bowman, Natalie M. Kawai, Vivian Plotkin, Joshua B. Waller, Lance A. Cabrera, Lilia Steurer, Frank Seitz, Amy E. Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana V. Cornejo del Carpio, Juan Geny Cordova Benzaquen, Eleazar McKenzie, F. Ellis Maguire, James H. Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn TI Spatial Patterns in Discordant Diagnostic Test Results for Chagas Disease: Links to Transmission Hotspots SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; CHILDREN AB Diagnosis of Chagas disease is hindered by discordance between screening and confirmatory test results for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In periurban Arequipa, Peru, spatial analysis revealed that individuals with discordant test results are spatially clustered in hotspots of T. cruzi transmission, suggesting that discordant results likely represent true infections in this setting. C1 [Levy, Michael Z.; McKenzie, F. Ellis] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bowman, Natalie M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Hosp, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Levy, Michael Z.; Plotkin, Joshua B.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Waller, Lance A.] Emory Univ, Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Steurer, Frank; Seitz, Amy E.; Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Maguire, James H.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bowman, Natalie M.; Kawai, Vivian; Cabrera, Lilia; Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana V.; Gilman, Robert H.] AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. [Cornejo del Carpio, Juan Geny; Cordova Benzaquen, Eleazar] Direcc Reg Minist Salud, Arequipa, Peru. RP Levy, MZ (reprint author), 16 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mzlevy@sas.upenn.edu RI Plotkin, Joshua/E-6947-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P50AI074285-02, 5T35AI007646-03, K01 AI079162, K01 AI079162-02, K01AI079162, P50 AI074285, R01 AI047498, R01-AI047498, T35 AI007646, U19 AI033061, U19-AI-33061]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES015525, R01 ES015525-02, R01-ES015525] NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1106 DI 10.1086/597464 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420RR UT WOS:000264307400012 PM 19278335 ER PT J AU Chasombat, S McConnell, MS Siangphoe, U Yuktanont, P Jirawattanapisal, T Fox, K Thanprasertsuk, S Mock, PA Ningsanond, P Lertpiriyasuwat, C Pinyopornpanich, S AF Chasombat, Sanchai McConnell, Michelle S. Siangphoe, Unaporn Yuktanont, Porntip Jirawattanapisal, Thidaporn Fox, Kimberley Thanprasertsuk, Sombat Mock, Philip A. Ningsanond, Peeramon Lertpiriyasuwat, Cheewanan Pinyopornpanich, Somchai TI National Expansion of Antiretroviral Treatment in Thailand, 2000-2007: Program Scale-Up and Patient Outcomes SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA DE antiretroviral; HIV; national; Thailand; treatment outcomes ID RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS; THERAPY; ACCESS AB Objective: Thailand began a national antiretroviral (ARV) treatment program in 2000, and all government and some private and university hospitals now provide treatment to eligible HIV-infected patients. We describe program scale-up and patient outcomes from 2000 to 2007. Methods: Data from 839 hospitals in all 76 provinces of Thailand were included in this analysis. Outcomes were assessed for patients initiating ARV treatment from January 2000 to December 2005. Follow-Lip data through March 2007 were included; lost to follow-up was defined as >3 months late for a follow-up visit. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess risk factors for death; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival probabilities. Results: Outcome data are reported for 58,008 patients. Among these, 52.2% were male; at treatment initiation, the median age was 34 years, the median CD4 count was 41 cells per cubic millimeter, and 50.5% had AIDS. The initial regimen was nevirapine and 2 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for 92.4% of patients; median follow-Lip time was 1.6 years (interquartile range = 0.8-2.4 years). Lost to follow-up occurred in 8.8% of patients. Overall 1-year survival was 0.89 (95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 0.89). Death was significantly associated with male sex, age >40 years, baseline CD4 Count <100 cells per cubic millimeter, symptomatic HIV or AIDS, receipt of services at a district or community hospital, and treatment initiation before 2005. Conclusions: National ARV treatment programs can be scaled up rapidly with good patient outcomes. Treatment outcomes among patients in Thailand are comparable to those reported in smaller cohorts in other countries, and Survival rates have improved since 2004. C1 [Chasombat, Sanchai; Yuktanont, Porntip; Jirawattanapisal, Thidaporn; Ningsanond, Peeramon; Lertpiriyasuwat, Cheewanan] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bur AIDS TB & Sexually Transmitted Infect, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [McConnell, Michelle S.; Fox, Kimberley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thanprasertsuk, Sombat] World Hlth Org, Bangkok, Thailand. [McConnell, Michelle S.; Siangphoe, Unaporn; Fox, Kimberley; Mock, Philip A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP McConnell, MS (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM zmd8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 424BJ UT WOS:000264540200009 PM 19223784 ER PT J AU Shah, S Demissie, M Lambert, L Ahmed, J Leulseged, S Kebede, T Melaku, Z Mengistu, Y Lemma, E Wells, CD Wuhib, T Nelson, LJ AF Shah, Sarita Demissie, Meaza Lambert, Lauren Ahmed, Jelaludin Leulseged, Sileshi Kebede, Tekeste Melaku, Zenebe Mengistu, Yohannes Lemma, Eshetu Wells, Charles D. Wuhib, Tadesse Nelson, Lisa J. TI Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Among HIV-Infected Persons From a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th World Conference on Lung Health of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease CY NOV 08-12, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis DE diagnosis; Ethiopia; HIV infection; screening; tuberculosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; SPUTUM SMEARS; SOUTH-AFRICA; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SETTINGS; SUSPECTS AB Objective: To evaluate commonly available screening tests for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), using sputum bacteriology as a gold standard, in HIV-infected persons attending ail urban voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Design: Prospective enrollment of HIV-infected persons, all of whom underwent TB screening, regardless of symptoms, with: (1) symptom screening and physical examination, (2) 3 sputum specimens for smear microscopy, and (3) chest radiograph. One sputum was also sent for concentrated smear microscopy and mycobacterial culture. Chest radiographs were reviewed by 2 independent radiologists. A confirmed TB diagnosis was defined as I positive sputum smear and/or I positive Sputum Culture. Results: We enrolled 438 HIV-infected persons: 265 (61%) females, median age 34 years (range: 18-65), median CD4 cell count 181 cells per cubic millimeter (range: 2-1185). Overall, 32 (7%) persons were diagnosed with TB, of whom 5 (16%) were asymptomatic but culture-confirmed TB cases. Screening for cough >2 weeks would have detected only 12 (38%) confirmed TB cases; screening for cough or fever, of any duration, would have detected 24 (75%) cases, with specificity of 64%. Negative predictive value of screening for these 2 symptoms was 97%. Simulation of the current Ethiopian national guidelines had a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 83% for diagnosing TB disease among study patients. Conclusions: Traditional symptom screening is insufficient for detecting TB disease among HIV-infected persons but may serve to exclude TB disease. More sensitive, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic tests are needed to meet the demand of resource-limited settings. C1 [Shah, Sarita; Lambert, Lauren; Wells, Charles D.; Nelson, Lisa J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shah, Sarita] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Demissie, Meaza; Ahmed, Jelaludin; Leulseged, Sileshi; Kebede, Tekeste; Mengistu, Yohannes; Wuhib, Tadesse] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Melaku, Zenebe] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Lemma, Eshetu] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Shah, S (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM ns597@columbia.edu NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 537 EP 545 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 424BJ UT WOS:000264540200013 PM 19223783 ER PT J AU Hallack, R Johnson, G Clement, E Parker, M Schaffzin, J Wallace, B Smith, P Thompson, ND Patel, PR Perz, JF Magri, J Jaeger, JL AF Hallack, R. Johnson, G. Clement, E. Parker, M. Schaffzin, J. Wallace, B. Smith, P. Thompson, N. D. Patel, P. R. Perz, J. F. Magri, J. Jaeger, J. L. TI Hepatitis C Virus Transmission at an Outpatient Hemodialysis Unit-New York, 2001-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 189-194, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID STATES; INFECTION C1 [Hallack, R.; Johnson, G.; Clement, E.; Parker, M.; Schaffzin, J.; Wallace, B.; Smith, P.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Jaeger, J. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hallack, R (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 15 BP 1530 EP + PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 432MH UT WOS:000265137900009 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Albright, AL AF Gregg, Edward W. Albright, Ann L. TI The Public Health Response to Diabetes-Two Steps Forward, One Step Back SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; PREVENTION; DISEASE; TRENDS C1 [Gregg, Edward W.; Albright, Ann L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 15 BP 1596 EP 1598 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 432MH UT WOS:000265137900033 PM 19366782 ER PT J AU Vogler, AJ Birdsell, D Price, LB Bowers, JR Beckstrom-Sternberg, SM Auerbach, RK Beckstrom-Sternberg, JS Johansson, A Clare, A Buchhagen, JL Petersen, JM Pearson, T Vaissaire, J Dempsey, MP Foxall, P Engelthaler, DM Wagner, DM Keim, P AF Vogler, Amy J. Birdsell, Dawn Price, Lance B. Bowers, Jolene R. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M. Auerbach, Raymond K. Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S. Johansson, Anders Clare, Ashley Buchhagen, Jordan L. Petersen, Jeannine M. Pearson, Talima Vaissaire, Josee Dempsey, Michael P. Foxall, Paul Engelthaler, David M. Wagner, David M. Keim, Paul TI Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis: Global Expansion of a Highly Fit Clone SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION MUTATION ASSAY; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SUBSP HOLARCTICA; GENOME SEQUENCE; YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; GENE AB Francisella tularensis contains several highly pathogenic subspecies, including Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, whose distribution is circumpolar in the northern hemisphere. The phylogeography of these subspecies and their subclades was examined using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, high-density microarray SNP genotyping, and real-time-PCR-based canonical SNP (canSNP) assays. Almost 30,000 SNPs were identified among 13 whole genomes for phylogenetic analysis. We selected 1,655 SNPs to genotype 95 isolates on a high-density microarray platform. Finally, 23 clade- and subclade-specific canSNPs were identified and used to genotype 496 isolates to establish global geographic genetic patterns. We confirm previous findings concerning the four subspecies and two Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis subpopulations and identify additional structure within these groups. We identify 11 subclades within F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, including a new, genetically distinct subclade that appears intermediate between Japanese F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates and the common F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates associated with the radiation event (the B radiation) wherein this subspecies spread throughout the northern hemisphere. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a North American origin for this B-radiation clade and multiple dispersal events between North America and Eurasia. These findings indicate a complex transmission history for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. C1 [Vogler, Amy J.; Birdsell, Dawn; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.; Auerbach, Raymond K.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S.; Clare, Ashley; Buchhagen, Jordan L.; Pearson, Talima; Wagner, David M.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Price, Lance B.; Bowers, Jolene R.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.; Engelthaler, David M.; Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Johansson, Anders] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol Infect Dis & Bacteriol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. [Johansson, Anders] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div CBRN Def & Secur, SE-90182 Umea, Sweden. [Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Vaissaire, Josee] Agence Francaise Secur Sanit Aliments, Lab Etud & Rech Pathol Anim & Zoonoses, F-94700 Maisons Alfort, France. [Dempsey, Michael P.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Foxall, Paul] Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, POB 4073, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Johansson, Anders/D-2928-2012 OI Johansson, Anders/0000-0003-0548-5943 FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [NBCH2070001, HSHQDC-08-C-00158]; Cowden Endowment in Microbiology at Northern Arizona University FX We thank Sumathi Venkatapathy for technical assistance with the MIP assay. NR 38 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 8 BP 2474 EP 2484 DI 10.1128/JB.01786-08 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427AS UT WOS:000264752600005 PM 19251856 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Barnwell, John W. TI Plasmodium knowlesi: Finally Being Recognized SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALARIA PARASITE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; MACAQUES; HUMANS C1 [Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1108 DI 10.1086/597415 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422EB UT WOS:000264409000003 PM 19284287 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y da Silva, AJ Schuster, FL Gelman, BB Visvesvara, GS AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne da Silva, Alexandre J. Schuster, Frederick L. Gelman, Benjamin B. Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Molecular Confirmation of Sappinia pedata as a Causative Agent of Amoebic Encephalitis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; TIME PCR ASSAY; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.; DIPLOIDEA; DNA AB Pathogenic free-living amoebae, such as Acanthamoeba species, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri, are known to cause infections of the central nervous system in human and other animals. In 2001, a case of human encephalitis was reported that was caused by another amoeba with morphological features suggestive of Sappinia. The amoeba originally identified as Sappinia diploidea was identified, most likely as S. pedata, by use of newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. This amoeba had previously been found only in environmental sources, such as soil and tree bark. The results illustrate the potential for other free-living amoebae, which are not normally associated with human disease, to cause occasional infections. C1 [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; da Silva, Alexandre J.; Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schuster, Frederick L.] Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Gelman, Benjamin B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol Surg Internal Med & Radiol, Galveston, TX USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1086/597473 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422EB UT WOS:000264409000008 PM 19302010 ER PT J AU Rajam, G Skinner, J Melnick, N Martinez, J Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Rajam, Gowrisankar Skinner, Julie Melnick, Nikkol Martinez, Joseph Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Ades, Edwin W. TI A 28-aa Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A-Derived Peptide, P4, Augments Passive Immunotherapy and Rescues Mice from Fatal Pneumococcal Infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODIES; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; CELLS; OPSONOPHAGOCYTOSIS; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; PSAA; POLYSACCHARIDE AB Background. P4, a 28-aa peptide derived from pneumococcal surface adhesin A, is a multilineage cell activator in vitro. We hypothesized that P4-mediated activation of phagocytic cells could rapidly and substantially increase opsonophagocytosis of bacteria, which could be translated in vivo to reduced mouse morbidity from fatal pneumococcal infection. Methods. Reference in vitro opsonophagocytic killing and uptake assays were used with suitable effector cells and pathogen-specific antibodies. P4 peptide solution was added at the preopsonization stage. ND4-SW mice were infected intranasally with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (WU2). At 72 and 96 h, infected mice received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of gamma globulin, followed by an injection of P4. Results. P4 treatment enhanced in vitro opsonophagocytosis of bacterial pathogens by many fold, and this effect was dependent on complement, P4, and antibody concentrations. Treatment of highly virulent WU2-infected mice with the combination of P4 and serotype-specific antiserum resulted in 100% remission of bacteremia and rescued 80% of the animals (P < .05). Conclusion. P4 peptide in combination with pathogen-specific antibodies and complement enhances specific opsonophagocytosis and rescues mice from life-threatening pneumococcal infection. P4 peptide provides a fresh direction for therapeutic intervention through augmented passive immunotherapy. C1 [Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Labs, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ades, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Labs, Div Bacterial Dis, Bldg 18,Rm B-104,MS G-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EAdes@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 8 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1086/597425 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422EB UT WOS:000264409000020 PM 19265478 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Lu, XH Katz, JM Wurtman, DF Yu, M Fang, F AF Belser, Jessica A. Lu, Xiuhua Katz, Jacqueline M. Wurtman, David F. Yu, Mang Fang, Fang TI DAS181 and H5N1 Virus Infection Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID SIALIDASE FUSION PROTEIN; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR; MICE; OSELTAMIVIR; ZANAMIVIR C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Lu, Xiuhua; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wurtman, David F.; Yu, Mang; Fang, Fang] NexBio, San Diego, CA USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmk9@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 8 BP 1250 EP 1251 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422EB UT WOS:000264409000023 ER PT J AU Gail, MH Graubard, B Williamson, DE Flegal, KM AF Gail, Mitchell H. Graubard, Barry Williamson, David E. Flegal, Katherine M. TI Comments on 'Choice of time scale and its effect on significance of predictors in longitudinal studies' SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Gail, Mitchell H.; Graubard, Barry] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williamson, David E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Williamson, David E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gail, MH (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 CP010188-03] NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1315 EP 1317 DI 10.1002/sim.3473 PG 3 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 425NW UT WOS:000264645400008 PM 19288532 ER PT J AU Harris, K Baggs, J Davis, RL Black, S Jackson, LA Mullooly, JP Chapman, LE AF Harris, KaLynne Baggs, James Davis, Robert L. Black, Steven Jackson, Lisa A. Mullooly, John P. Chapman, Louisa E. TI Influenza vaccination coverage among adult solid organ transplant recipients at three health maintenance organizations, 1995-2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Allotransplantation; Influenza; Vaccine ID CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; REJECTION; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; PROTOCOLS AB Annual immunization against influenza is recommended for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We used Vaccine Safety Datalink data from 1995 to 2005 to assess influenza vaccination during the first full vaccination season (September-February) following transplant among 1800 kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients at three health maintenance organizations. Overall, 52% of recipients were vaccinated. Older age at transplant (age 50-64 years, OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.43-2.30; age >= 65 years, OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39-2.69), receiving vaccination in the full season pre-transplant (OR 4.54, 95% Cl 3.67-5.60), and year of transplantation were significant predictors of post-transplant vaccination. Although vaccine coverage increased during study years, SOT recipients are under-immunized against influenza. Efforts to understand barriers to vaccination and increase education of physicians managing patients while awaiting and after receipt of transplant are needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harris, KaLynne; Baggs, James; Davis, Robert L.] CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Black, Steven] No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Mullooly, John P.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Chapman, Louisa E.] CDC, Off Director, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), CDC, Off Crit Informat Integrat & Exchange OCIIX, Natl Ctr Zoonosis Vector Borne & Enter Dis NCZVED, CCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lec3@cdc.gov OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Vaccine Safety Datalink contract with America's Health Insurance Plans, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 14 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2335 EP 2341 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.026 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 430OM UT WOS:000264998400006 PM 19428848 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Nateniyom, S Akksilp, S Mankatittham, W Sirinak, C Sattayawuthipong, W Burapat, C Kittikraisak, W Monkongdee, P Cain, KP Wells, CD Tappero, JW AF Varma, Jay K. Nateniyom, Sriprapa Akksilp, Somsak Mankatittham, Wiroj Sirinak, Chawin Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Burapat, Channawong Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya Monkongdee, Patama Cain, Kevin P. Wells, Charles D. Tappero, Jordan W. TI HIV care and treatment factors associated with improved survival during TB treatment in Thailand: an observational study SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; TUBERCULOSIS; MORTALITY; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; MORBIDITY; EFFICACY AB Background: In Southeast Asia, HIV-infected patients frequently die during TB treatment. Many physicians are reluctant to treat HIV-infected TB patients with anti-retroviral therapy ( ART) and have questions about the added value of opportunistic infection prophylaxis to ART, the optimum ART regimen, and the benefit of initiating ART early during TB treatment. Methods: We conducted a multi-center observational study of HIV-infected patients newly diagnosed with TB in Thailand. Clinical data was collected from the beginning to the end of TB treatment. We conducted multivariable proportional hazards analysis to identify factors associated with death. Results: Of 667 HIV-infected TB patients enrolled, 450 (68%) were smear and/or culture positive. Death during TB treatment occurred in 112 (17%). In proportional hazards analysis, factors strongly associated with reduced risk of death were ART use (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.36), fluconazole use (HR 0.34; CI 0.18-0.64), and co-trimoxazole use (HR 0.41; CI 0.20-0.83). Among 126 patients that initiated ART after TB diagnosis, the risk of death increased the longer that ART was delayed during TB treatment. Efavirenz- and nevirapine-containing ART regimens were associated with similar rates of adverse events and death. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected patients living in Thailand, the single most important determinant of survival during TB treatment was use of ART. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings that early ART initiation improves survival and that the choice of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor does not. C1 [Varma, Jay K.; Cain, Kevin P.; Wells, Charles D.; Tappero, Jordan W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Varma, Jay K.; Burapat, Channawong; Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya; Monkongdee, Patama; Tappero, Jordan W.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Akksilp, Somsak] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Mankatittham, Wiroj] Bamrasnaradura Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Sirinak, Chawin] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai] Phuket Prov Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov; nateniyoms@yahoo.com; akksilp_s@yahoo.com; wirojmankhatitham@yahoo.com; sirinak@hotmail.com; wanchaig@health.moph.go.th; ChannawongB@th.cdc.gov; WanitchayaK@th.cdc.gov; PatamaM@th.cdc.gov; bvz1@cdc.gov; Charles.Wells@otsuka.com; jtappero@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD APR 13 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 42 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-9-42 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 442JY UT WOS:000265838700001 PM 19364398 ER PT J AU Gutman, J Green, M Durand, S Rojas, OV Ganguly, B Quezada, WM Utz, GC Slutsker, L Ruebush, TK Bacon, DJ AF Gutman, Julie Green, Michael Durand, Salomon Villalva Rojas, Ofelia Ganguly, Babita Marquino Quezada, Wilmer Utz, Gregory C. Slutsker, Laurence Ruebush, Trenton K., II Bacon, David J. TI Mefloquine pharmacokinetics and mefloquine-artesunate effectiveness in Peruvian patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; BIOEQUIVALENCE; COMBINATION; FORMULATIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; THAILAND; CHILDREN; TABLET; GENE AB Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended as a means of prolonging the effectiveness of first-line malaria treatment regimens. Different brands of mefloquine (MQ) have been reported to be non-bioequivalent; this could result in sub-therapeutic levels of mefloquine with decreased efficacy. In 2002, mefloquine-artesunate (MQ-AS) combination therapy was adopted as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon region of Peru. Although MQ resistance has yet to be reported from the Peruvian Amazon, it has been reported from other countries in the Amazon Region. Therefore, continuous monitoring is warranted to ensure that the first-line therapy remains efficacious. This study examines the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters through Day 56 of three commercial formulations of MQ (Lariam (R), Mephaquin (R), and Mefloquina-AC (R) Farma) given in combination with artesunate. Methods: Thirty-nine non-pregnant adults with P. falciparum mono-infection were randomly assigned to receive artesunate in combination with either (1) Lariam, (2) Mephaquin, or (3) Mefloquina AC. Patients were assessed on Day 0 (with blood samples for pharmacokinetics at 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours), 1, 2, 3, 7, and then weekly until day 56. Clinical and parasitological outcomes were based on the standardized WHO protocol. Whole blood mefloquine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis of concentration versus time data. Results: By day 3, all patients had cleared parasitaemia except for one patient in the AC Farma arm; this patient cleared by day 4. No recurrences of parasitaemia were seen in any of the 34 patients. All three MQ formulations had a terminal half-life of 14-15 days and time to maximum plasma concentration of 45-52 hours. The maximal concentration (C(max)) and interquartile range was 2,820 ng/ml (2,614-3,108) for Lariam, 2,500 ng/ml (2,363-2,713) for Mephaquin, and 2,750 ng/ml (2,550-3,000) for Mefloquina AC Farma. The pharmacokinetics of the three formulations were generally similar, with the exception of the C(max) of Mephaquin which was significantly different to that of Lariam (p = 0.04). Conclusion: All three formulations had similar pharmacokinetics; in addition, the pharmacokinetics seen in this Peruvian population were similar to reports from other ethnic groups. All patients rapidly cleared their parasitaemia with no evidence of recrudescence by Day 56. Continued surveillance is needed to ensure that patients continue to receive optimal therapy. C1 [Gutman, Julie; Green, Michael; Ganguly, Babita; Slutsker, Laurence; Ruebush, Trenton K., II] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gutman, Julie] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Utz, Gregory C.; Bacon, David J.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Iquitos, Peru. [Durand, Salomon; Villalva Rojas, Ofelia; Marquino Quezada, Wilmer] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. RP Gutman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gutmanjr@gmail.com; mdg4@cdc.gov; salomondurand@gmail.com; ovillalvar@yahoo.es; bganguly@inhibitex.com; wilmer_marquino@yahoo.com; Gregory.Utz@med.navy.mil; lms5@cdc.gov; truebush@usaid.gov; David.Bacon@med.navy.mil OI durand, salomon/0000-0002-5923-8879 FU Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infectious System (DoD-GEIS) [847705.82000.256B, B0016]; USAID Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) FX Financial support: This work was supported by funds provided by the Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infectious System (DoD-GEIS) under the unit number 847705.82000.256B, B0016 as well as the USAID Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) project. JG was supported by Emory University, MG, BG, LS, and TKR were supported by CDC, GCU and DJB were supported by NMRDC, and OVR and WMQ were supported by the Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru. No funding was provided for manuscript preparation. The funding body played no role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 58 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-58 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 449JC UT WOS:000266325800001 PM 19358697 ER PT J AU Mena, L Johnson, K Thompson, C Thomas, P Toledo, C Heffelfinger, J Sutton, M Ellington, R Larkins, T Rynn, L Doss, J Oster, A Dorell, C Dowell, D McIntyre, A AF Mena, L. Johnson, K. Thompson, C. Thomas, P. Toledo, C. Heffelfinger, J. Sutton, M. Ellington, R. Larkins, T. Rynn, L. Doss, J. Oster, A. Dorell, C. Dowell, D. McIntyre, A. TI HIV Infection Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men-Jackson, Mississippi, 2006-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 77-81, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Mena, L.; Johnson, K.; Thompson, C.] Mississippi Dept Hlth, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Oster, A.; Dorell, C.; Dowell, D.; McIntyre, A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mena, L (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Hlth, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 14 BP 1428 EP 1429 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 429MN UT WOS:000264924900010 ER PT J AU Dabbagh, A Gacic-Dobo, M Featherstone, D Strebel, P Okwo-Bele, JM Hoekstra, E Salama, P Uzicanin, A AF Dabbagh, A. Gacic-Dobo, M. Featherstone, D. Strebel, P. Okwo-Bele, J. M. Hoekstra, E. Salama, P. Uzicanin, A. TI Progress in Global Measles Control and Mortality Reduction, 2000-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1303-1306, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Dabbagh, A.; Gacic-Dobo, M.; Featherstone, D.; Strebel, P.; Okwo-Bele, J. M.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hoekstra, E.; Salama, P.] United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. [Uzicanin, A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dabbagh, A (reprint author), WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 14 BP 1430 EP 1431 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 429MN UT WOS:000264924900011 ER PT J AU Bonhoeffer, J Bentsi-Enchill, A Chen, RT Fisher, MC Gold, MS Hartman, K Heininger, U Hoet, B Jefferson, T Khuri-Bulos, N Kohl, KS Marcy, SM Nalin, D Pless, R Sanabria-Rojas, H Sleeman, K Wise, R AF Bonhoeffer, Jan Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa Chen, Robert T. Fisher, Margaret C. Gold, Michael S. Hartman, Katharina Heininger, Ulrich Hoet, Bernard Jefferson, Thomas Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Kohl, Katrin S. Marcy, S. Michael Nalin, David Pless, Robert Sanabria-Rojas, Hernan Sleeman, Karen Wise, Robert CA The Brighton Collaboration Methods TI Guidelines for collection, analysis and presentation of vaccine safety data in pre- and post-licensure clinical studies SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Immunization; Safety; Guidelines ID STATEMENT; QUALITY; TRIALS C1 [Bonhoeffer, Jan; Heininger, Ulrich] Univ Chicago Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. [Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Chen, Robert T.; Kohl, Katrin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fisher, Margaret C.] Childrens Hosp, Monmouth Med Ctr, Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gold, Michael S.] S Australian Immunisat Coordinat Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Hartman, Katharina] Berna Biotech AG, Bern, Switzerland. [Hoet, Bernard] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Jefferson, Thomas] Cochrane Vaccines Field & Hlth Reviews Ltd, Rome, Italy. [Khuri-Bulos, Najwa] Jordan Univ Hosp, Amman, Jordan. [Marcy, S. Michael] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pless, Robert] Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sanabria-Rojas, Hernan] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Sleeman, Karen] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Wise, Robert] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014; OI SANABRIA ROJAS, HERNAN ARTURO/0000-0003-0838-4064 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 6 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2282 EP 2288 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.036 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 429XX UT WOS:000264954500012 PM 19056451 ER PT J AU Bonhoeffer, J Bentsi-Enchill, A Chen, RT Fisher, MC Gold, MS Hartman, K Heininger, U Hoet, B Jefferson, T Khuri-Bulos, N Kohl, K Marcy, SM Nalin, D Pless, R Sanabria-Rojas, H Sleeman, K Se, RW AF Bonhoeffer, Jan Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa Chen, Robert T. Fisher, Margaret C. Gold, Michael S. Hartman, Katharina Heininger, Ulrich Hoet, Bernard Jefferson, Thomas Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Kohl, Katrin Marcy, S. Michael Nalin, David Pless, Robert Sanabria-Rojas, Hernan Sleeman, Karen Se, Robert W. CA The Brighton Collaboration Methods TI Guidelines for collection, analysis and presentation of vaccine safety data in surveillance systems SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Immunization; Safety; Guidelines C1 [Bonhoeffer, Jan; Heininger, Ulrich] Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. [Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Chen, Robert T.; Kohl, Katrin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fisher, Margaret C.] Childrens Hosp, Monmouth Med Ctr, Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gold, Michael S.] S Australian Immunisat Coordinat Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Hartman, Katharina] Berna Biotech AG, Bern, Switzerland. [Hoet, Bernard] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Jefferson, Thomas] Cochrane Vaccines Field & Hlth Reviews Ltd, Rome, Italy. [Khuri-Bulos, Najwa] Jordan Univ Hosp, Amman, Jordan. [Marcy, S. Michael] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pless, Robert] Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sanabria-Rojas, Hernan] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Sleeman, Karen] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Se, Robert W.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014; OI SANABRIA ROJAS, HERNAN ARTURO/0000-0003-0838-4064 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 6 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2289 EP 2297 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.035 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 429XX UT WOS:000264954500013 PM 19061929 ER PT J AU de Castro, AB Cabrera, SL Gee, GC Fujishiro, K Tagalog, EA AF de Castro, A. B. Cabrera, Suzanne L. Gee, Gilbert C. Fujishiro, Kaori Tagalog, Eularito A. TI Occupational Health and Safety Issues Among Nurses in the Philippines SO AAOHN JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK-ENVIRONMENT; LOW-BACK-PAIN; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; REGISTERED NURSES; HOSPITAL NURSES; BURNOUT; STRESS; STAFF; RISK; IMPACT AB Nursing is a hazardous occupation in the United States, but little is known about workplace health and safety issues facing the nursing work force in the Philippines. In this article, work-related problems among a sample of nurses in the Philippines are described. Cross-sectional data were collected through a self-administered survey during the Philippine Nurses Association 2007 convention. Measures included four categories: work-related demographics, occupational injury/illness, reporting behavior, and safety concerns. Approximately 40% of nurses had experienced at least one injury or illness in the past year, and 80% had experienced back pain. Most who had an injury did not report it. The top ranking concerns were stress and overwork. Filipino nurses encounter considerable health and safety concerns that are similar to those encountered by nurses in other countries. Future research should examine the work organization factors that contribute to these concerns and strengthen policies to promote health and safety. C1 [de Castro, A. B.; Cabrera, Suzanne L.] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gee, Gilbert C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Fujishiro, Kaori] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Tagalog, Eularito A.] Philippines Inc, Occupat Hlth Nurses Assoc, Manila, Philippines. RP de Castro, AB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000423]; NCRR NIH HHS [KL2 RR025015, KL2 RR025015-01] NR 41 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0891-0162 J9 AAOHN J JI AAOHN J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 700HY UT WOS:000285730000003 PM 19438081 ER PT J AU Panteghini, M Myers, GL Miller, WG Greenberg, N AF Panteghini, Mauro Myers, Gary L. Miller, W. Greg Greenberg, Neil TI The importance of metrological traceability in the validity of the measurement of creatinine as an index function renal SO ACTA BIOQUIMICA CLINICA LATINOAMERICANA LA Spanish DT Article ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM CREATININE; MDRD FORMULA; STANDARDIZATION; CALIBRATION; ACCURACY; ASSAY; RECOMMENDATIONS C1 [Panteghini, Mauro] Univ Milan, Cattedra Biochim Clin & Biol Mol Clin, Dipartimento Sci Clin Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy. [Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miller, W. Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. [Greenberg, Neil] Ortho Clin Diagnost, Rochester, NY USA. RP Panteghini, M (reprint author), Osped L Sacco, Lab Anal Chim Clin, Via GB Grassi, I-20157 Milan, Italy. EM sd.chair@ifcc.org NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERACION BIOQUIMICA PROVINCIA BUENOS AIRES PI LA PLATA, BUENOS AIRES PA CALLE 6, NO. 1344, 1900 LA PLATA, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0325-2957 J9 ACTA BIOQUIM CLIN L JI Acta Bioquim. Clin. Latinoam. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA V17WE UT WOS:000207966500013 ER PT J AU Li, A Varangrat, A Wimonsate, W Chemnasiri, T Sinthuwattanawibool, C Phanuphak, P Jommaroeng, R Vermund, S van Griensven, F AF Li, Andrea Varangrat, Anchalee Wimonsate, Wipas Chemnasiri, Tareerat Sinthuwattanawibool, Chalinthorn Phanuphak, Praphan Jommaroeng, Rapeepun Vermund, Sten van Griensven, Frits TI Sexual Behavior and Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Homosexual and Bisexual Men in Thailand SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Homosexuality; Bisexuality; Thailand; Human immunodeficiency virus; Sexual behavior ID NORTHERN THAILAND; DRUG-USE; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONDOM USE; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERS; WOMEN; KNOWLEDGE; PATTERNS; GAY AB HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors were examined among Thai bisexually active men (MSMW, n = 450) and men who have sex with men only (MSM-only, n = 1,125). Cross sectional venue-day-time sampling was used to collect data. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to identify HIV risk factors. HIV prevalence was 8.2% among MSMW and 21.2% among MSM-only. Consistent condom use with male partners was higher among MSMW (77.6%) than MSM-only (62.9%), and lower with female partners (44.4%). Lack of family confidant, migration, concern about acquiring HIV infection, and self-reported STD were associated with HIV prevalence among MSMW. Older age, lower educational level, residing in Bangkok or Chiang Mai, living away from family, recruitment from a sauna, increased frequency of visiting the surveyed venue, practicing receptive or both receptive and insertive anal intercourse, inconsistent condom use with male paying partners, and a history of drug use were associated with HIV prevalence in MSM-only. C1 [Li, Andrea; Varangrat, Anchalee; Wimonsate, Wipas; Chemnasiri, Tareerat; Sinthuwattanawibool, Chalinthorn; van Griensven, Frits] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Li, Andrea; Vermund, Sten] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Phanuphak, Praphan; Jommaroeng, Rapeepun] Thai Red Cross Soc, Bangkok, Thailand. [Jommaroeng, Rapeepun] Rainbow Sky Assoc Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. [van Griensven, Frits] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, A (reprint author), Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM andreahli@gmail.com; fav1@th.cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013; OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843; Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10461-008-9448-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 415DT UT WOS:000263915200016 PM 18758936 ER PT J AU Creek, T Ntumy, R Mazhani, L Moore, J Smith, M Han, G Shaffer, N Kilmarx, PH AF Creek, Tracy Ntumy, Raphael Mazhani, Loeto Moore, Janet Smith, Monica Han, George Shaffer, Nathan Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Factors Associated with Low Early Uptake of a National Program to Prevent Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT): Results of a Survey of Mothers and Providers, Botswana, 2003 SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Botswana; HIV; PMTCT; VCT; HIV testing; Vertical transmission ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANTENATAL CARE; OPT-OUT; ROUTINE; ACCEPTABILITY; SERVICES; ACCEPTANCE; ZIMBABWE AB In Francistown, Botswana, approximately 40% of pregnant women are HIV positive. PMTCT has been available since 1999, antiretroviral (ARV) therapy since 2001, and 95% of women have antenatal care (ANC) and deliver in hospital. However, in 2002, only 33% of ANC clients were tested for HIV, and not all women with HIV received services. In 2003, we conducted a survey of 504 pregnant and postpartum women to explore reasons for poor program uptake, and interviewed 82 health providers about PMTCT. Most women (95%) believed that all pregnant women should be tested for HIV. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with having an HIV test included being interviewed at an urban site, having a high PMTCT knowledge score, knowing someone receiving PMTCT or ARV therapy, and having a partner who had been tested for HIV. Neither fear of stigma nor resistance from partners were frequent reasons for refusing an HIV test. Providers of HIV services reported discomfort with their knowledge and skills, and 84% believed HIV testing should be routine. Ensuring adequate knowledge about HIV and PMTCT, creating systems whereby HIV-positive women receiving care can educate and support other women, and making HIV testing routine for pregnant women may improve the uptake of HIV testing. C1 [Creek, Tracy; Moore, Janet; Shaffer, Nathan; Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PMTCT Team, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ntumy, Raphael; Mazhani, Loeto] Botswana Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. [Ntumy, Raphael; Smith, Monica; Kilmarx, Peter H.] BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Han, George] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Creek, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PMTCT Team, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Tgc0@cdc.gov OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9322-8 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 415DT UT WOS:000263915200020 PM 17985228 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Fasula, AM Dittus, P Wiegand, RE Wyckoff, SC McNair, L AF Miller, Kim S. Fasula, Amy M. Dittus, Patricia Wiegand, Ryan E. Wyckoff, Sarah C. McNair, Lily TI Barriers and Facilitators to Maternal Communication with Preadolescents about Age-Relevant Sexual Topics SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Preadolescent; Parent; Sexual communication; Sexual Risk Prevention ID MOTHER-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION; PARENTAL COMMUNICATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CONDOM USE; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; RISK; INTERCOURSE; FAMILIES AB The present study examined factors that promote parent-child discussions about sex topics. A sample of 1,066 dyads of African American mothers and their 9-12-year-old children participated completing computer-administered surveys. After controlling for all other covariates, mother's sexual communication responsiveness (i.e., knowledge, comfort, skills, and confidence) was the most consistent predictor of discussions. Mothers with higher responsiveness had significantly increased odds of discussions about abstinence, puberty, and reproduction, based on both mother and child reports. In addition, child's age, pubertal development, readiness to learn about sex, and being female were positively associated with an increase in the odds of discussions in most models. Findings indicate that encouraging parents to talk with their children early may not be sufficient to promote parent-child sex discussions. Parents also need the knowledge, comfort, skills, and confidence to communicate effectively and keep them from avoiding these often difficult and emotional conversations with their children. C1 [Miller, Kim S.; Fasula, Amy M.; Wiegand, Ryan E.; Wyckoff, Sarah C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McNair, Lily] Spelman Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmiller@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9324-6 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 415DT UT WOS:000263915200021 PM 17985227 ER PT J AU Flores, SA Mansergh, G Marks, G Guzman, R Colfax, G AF Flores, Stephen A. Mansergh, Gordon Marks, Gary Guzman, Robert Colfax, Grant TI GAY IDENTITY RELATED FACTORS AND SEXUAL RISK AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN SAN FRANCISCO SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; LATINO MEN; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY; ALCOHOL; DRUG; BAREBACKING; HOMOPHOBIA AB This study explored the relationship between gay identity-related factors (gay community involvement, gay bar attendance, gay identity importance, and self-homophobia) and unprotected anal sex (UA) in the past 3 months among men who have sex with men (MSM) of three different race/ethnicity groups. Four hundred eighty-three MSM (mean age 34) were recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area (33% African American, 34% Latino and 33% White). Compared with White MSM, African American and Latino MSM were less likely to identify as gay, and to attend gay bars/clubs, and more likely to report self-homophobia. Just over one third of the sample reported UA (did not vary by race). Gay community involvement was associated with receptive UA with all partners (adjusted odds ratio [AOR = 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.06-1.60). Gay bar attendance was associated with insertive UA with all partners (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.43) and with HIV-discordant partners (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.08-1.69). Implications for prevention include addressing community norms and encouraging alternatives to bars as settings in which to meet and socialize with other MSM. C1 [Flores, Stephen A.; Mansergh, Gordon; Marks, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guzman, Robert; Colfax, Grant] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Flores, SA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sflores@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 91 EP 103 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 434FK UT WOS:000265260400001 PM 19397432 ER PT J AU Ferguson, YO Eng, E Bentley, M Sandelowski, M Steckler, A Randall-David, E Piwoz, EG Zulu, C Chasela, C Soko, A Tembo, M Martinson, F Tohill, BC Ahmed, Y Kazembe, P Jamieson, DJ van der Horst, C AF Ferguson, Yvonne Owens Eng, Eugenia Bentley, Margaret Sandelowski, Margarete Steckler, Allan Randall-David, Elizabeth Piwoz, Ellen G. Zulu, Cynthia Chasela, Charles Soko, Alice Tembo, Martin Martinson, Francis Tohill, Beth Carlton Ahmed, Yusuf Kazembe, Peter Jamieson, Denise J. van der Horst, Charles CA UNC Project BAN Study Team TI EVALUATING NURSES' IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INFANT FEEDING COUNSELING PROTOCOL FOR HIV-INFECTED MOTHERS: THE BAN STUDY IN LILONGWE, MALAWI SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HEALTH-EDUCATION PROGRAM; SOUTH-AFRICA; CLINICAL-TRIAL; BREAST; PREVENTION; NUTRITION; PROMOTION; KNOWLEDGE AB A process evaluation of nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse. Analysis included calculating a percent adherence to checklists and conducting a content analysis for the observation and interview data. Nurses were implementing the protocol at an average adherence level of 90% or above. Although not detailed in the protocol, nurses appropriately counseled mothers on their actual or intended formula milk usage after weaning. Results indicate that nurses implemented the protocol as designed. Results will help to interpret the BAN Study's outcomes. C1 [Ferguson, Yvonne Owens; Eng, Eugenia; Bentley, Margaret; Sandelowski, Margarete; Steckler, Allan; Randall-David, Elizabeth; van der Horst, Charles] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Piwoz, Ellen G.] Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Zulu, Cynthia; Chasela, Charles; Soko, Alice; Tembo, Martin; Martinson, Francis] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Tohill, Beth Carlton; Ahmed, Yusuf; Jamieson, Denise J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kazembe, Peter] Kamuzu Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Ferguson, YO (reprint author), 5980 Spout Spring Ct, Haymarket, VA 20169 USA. EM ferguson.yvonne@gmail.com FU FIC NIH HHS [2-D43TW01039-06]; NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000059, 26-04 U48-DP000059-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI50410, P30 AI050410, P30 AI050410-099001]; NICHD NIH HHS [F31 HD043705-03, F31 HD043705, R24 HD050924]; PHS HHS [13-01 U48-CCU409660-09] NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 141 EP 155 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 434FK UT WOS:000265260400005 PM 19397436 ER PT J AU Harrison, KM Claass, J Spiegel, PB Bamuturaki, J Patterson, N Muyonga, M Tatwebwa, L AF Harrison, Kathleen McDavid Claass, Johanna Spiegel, Paul B. Bamuturaki, Judith Patterson, Njogu Muyonga, Michael Tatwebwa, Lillian TI HIV behavioural surveillance among refugees and surrounding host communities in Uganda, 2006 SO AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behaviour; displacement; HIV/AIDS; host-country nationals; prevention; quantitative research; sampling; sub-Saharan Africa ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PREVENTION; RISK; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; KNOWLEDGE; SETTINGS; TANZANIA; RWANDA AB We used a standardised behavioural surveillance survey (BSS), modified to be directly relevant to populations in conflict and post-conflict settings as well as to their surrounding host populations, to survey the populations of a refugee settlement in south-western Uganda and its surrounding area. Two-stage probability sampling was used to conduct 800 interviews in each population. The BSS questionnaire adapted for displaced populations was administered to adults aged 15-59 years. It collected information on HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices; issues before, during and after displacement; level of interaction and sexual exploitation among the refugees and host communities (i.e., nationals). Population parameters were compared and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for core HIV indicators. The demographic characteristics were similar (except for educational achievement), and HIV awareness was very high (>95%) in both populations. The refugees reported more-accepting attitudes towards persons with HIV than did nationals (19% versus 13%; p < 0.01). More refugees than nationals reported ever having had transactional sex (10% versus 6%; p < 0.01), which mostly occurred post-displacement. Five percent of females among both the refugees and nationals reported experiencing forced sex, which mostly occurred post-displacement and after the arrival of refugees, respectively. Nationals reported more frequent travel to refugee settlements than reported by refugees to national villages (22% versus 11%; p < 0.01). The high mobility and frequent interactions of these two populations suggest that integrated HIV programmes should be developed and would be an efficient use of resources. Evidence suggesting that female refugees may be at elevated risk for HIV infection, due to forced sex, transactional sex and other vulnerabilities, warrants further examination through qualitative research. The findings indicate a need for additional, focused HIV-prevention programmes, such as youth education, for both refugees and Ugandan nationals. C1 [Harrison, Kathleen McDavid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Claass, Johanna; Spiegel, Paul B.; Bamuturaki, Judith; Patterson, Njogu] DOS, Publ Hlth & HIV Sect, UNHCR, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Muyonga, Michael] Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Tatwebwa, Lillian] Uganda AIDS Commiss, Great Lakes Initiat AIDS GLIA, Kampala, Uganda. RP Harrison, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KZM2@cdc.gov FU World Bank; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); Great Lakes Initiative on AIDS (GLIA) FX Funding sources for the Ugandan behavioural surveillance surveys include the World Bank, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the Great Lakes Initiative on AIDS (GLIA). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (USA) or the UNHCR. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1608-5906 J9 AJAR-AFR J AIDS RES JI AJAR-Afr. J. Aids Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.2989/AJAR.2009.8.1.4.717 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471BI UT WOS:000268026700004 PM 25864474 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL AF Ogden, Cynthia L. TI Disparities in obesity prevalence in the United States: black women at risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OVERWEIGHT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4414, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cogden@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1002 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27592 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200002 PM 19244372 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI AF Flegal, Katherine M. Graubard, Barry I. TI Estimates of excess deaths associated with body mass index and other anthropometric variables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; WAIST-HIP RATIO; ABDOMINAL OBESITY; FOLLOW-UP; ALL-CAUSE; MORTALITY; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN; CIRCUMFERENCE AB Background: Estimates of excess mortality associated with body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) have been calculated for the US population. Objective: The objective of this article is to compare the excess mortality associated with BMI levels to the excess mortality associated with other anthropometric variables. Design: For the 1988-1994 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, estimates of excess deaths were calculated for standard BMI levels and for comparable levels of percentage body fat, waist circumference, hip and arm circumferences, waist-hip ratio, the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, and waist-stature ratio. The outcome measure is the percentage of deaths in the full sample in excess of those predicted for the reference category. Results: For the level equivalent to BMI < 18.5, estimates of excess deaths ranged from 0.3% for waist-hip ratio to 2.4% for percentage body fat. All except waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waiststature ratio were significantly greater than zero (P < 0.05). For the level equivalent to BMI 25 to > 30, the percentage of excess deaths was 0.1% for percentage body fat and negative for all other variables; estimates were significantly below zero only for circumferences and waist-stature ratio. For the level equivalent to BMI >= 30, estimates ranged from-1.7% for waist circumference to 1.5% for percentage of fat; none were significantly different from zero. Estimates for allcause mortality, obesity-related causes of death, and other causes of death showed no statistically significant or systematic differences between BMI and other variables. Conclusion: In this population-based study, attributable fractions of deaths were similar across measures. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1213-9. C1 [Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4201, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Cancer Institute FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute. NR 32 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1219 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26698 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200030 PM 19190072 ER PT J AU Robitaille, J Hamner, HC Cogswell, ME Yang, QH AF Robitaille, Julie Hamner, Heather C. Cogswell, Mary E. Yang, Quanhe TI Does the MTHFR 677C -> T variant affect the Recommended Dietary Allowance for folate in the US population? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; GENETIC RISK-FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-WOMEN; NONPREGNANT WOMEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; COMMON MUTATION; STATUS RESPONSE AB Background: The MTHFR 677C -> T variant is associated with reduced enzyme activity, abnormalities of folate metabolism, and potential increase in folate requirement. The effect of this variant on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for folate is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the MTHFR 677C -> T polymorphism on the current folate RDA for US adults aged >= 19 y (400 mu g/d) by race and ethnicity. Design: We calculated the projected RDA for folate for each racial and ethnic group according to the methods of the Institute of Medicine. We modeled the projected RDA with different hypothetical effect sizes ranging from 5% to 50%. The RDA value was then weighted according to the US prevalence of the TT (or the combined CT/TT) genotype in each racial and ethnic group. Results: The projected RDA ranges were based on TT genotype frequencies and on different effect sizes (5-50%) that ranged from 400 to 421 mu g/d for non-Hispanic whites, 401-436 mu g/d for Mexican Americans, and 400-402 mu g/d for non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the current RDA for folate differs little for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans irrespective of the MTHFR TT genotype, and, from a population perspective, the MTHFR 677C -> T variant does not warrant modifications to the current RDA for dietary folate at this time. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1269-73. C1 [Robitaille, Julie] Univ Laval, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Pavillon Serv, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Robitaille, Julie; Hamner, Heather C.; Cogswell, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yang, Quanhe] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robitaille, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Pavillon Serv, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd,Room 2751, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM julie.robitaille@fsaa.ulaval.ca RI Robitaille, Julie/O-4892-2016 OI Robitaille, Julie/0000-0001-7035-0477 FU Centers for Disease Control; American Society of Human Genetics; Canadian Institutes of Health and Research FX Supported in part by a Fellowship in Genetics and the Public Health Research and Practice Program, which are jointly sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Society of Human Genetics (JR), and by a fellowship award from the Canadian Institutes of Health and Research (JR). NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1269 EP 1273 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27282 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200037 PM 19225123 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Klebanoff, MA AF Parker, Jennifer D. Klebanoff, Mark A. TI Invited Commentary: Crossing Curves-025EFIt's Time to Focus on Gestational Age-specific Mortality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE birth weight; directed graph; gestational age; infant mortality ID DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPHS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; INFANT-MORTALITY; PRETERM; STANDARDIZATION; SMOKING; CURVES; FOLATE; FETAL AB For decades, epidemiologists have observed that, among lower birth weight infants, higher risk infants have lower mortality rates than do lower risk infants. However, among higher birth weight infants, the pattern reverses, leading to a riddle of crossing birth weight-specific mortality curves. The riddle has been considered from different perspectives, including relative z scores, directed acyclic graphs, and, most recently, simulated mathematical models of underlying causal factors that produce the observed curves; similarly paradoxical gestational age-specific mortality curves uncross when calculations include all fetuses-at-risk rather than just infants delivered at a particular gestational age. However, researchers have generally focused on birth weight rather than gestational age, likely because birth weight is accurately measured and, if one assumes that birth weight is an intermediate variable between the underlying causal factors and mortality, is easier to model. Within the framework of existing analytical approaches, adding the complexity of a direct relation between gestational age and mortality, and possibly more complex relations among the casual factors, may be difficult. Nevertheless, duration of pregnancy seems a better proxy for the true construct of interest, whether the baby is mature enough to survive, so shifting attention to understanding the riddle of gestational age-specific mortality is encouraged. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Klebanoff, Mark A.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 7 BP 798 EP 801 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp025 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421VX UT WOS:000264387500002 PM 19240223 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Strine, TW Allen, RS Anderson, LA Mokdad, AH AF McGuire, Lisa C. Strine, Tara W. Allen, Rebecca S. Anderson, Lynda A. Mokdad, Ali H. TI The Patient Health Questionnaire 8: Current Depressive Symptoms Among US Older Adults, 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Aging; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; depression ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; DISORDERS; PHQ-9; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; DISABILITY AB Objectives: To examine the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of current depressive symptoms among adults aged 65 years and older. Design and Setting: Participants were obtained from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Participants: A total of 45,534 participants aged 65 years and older were interviewed. Measurements: Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 8. Those with a Patient Health Questionnaire 8 score ! 10 were considered to have current depressive symptoms. Results: Our findings indicated that 95.1% of people >= 65 years old did not report current depressive symptoms and 4.9% reported current depressive symptoms. Younger adults (65-74 years), those with a high school education or less, those with an income of less than $50,000, those with good to fair self-rated health, and those with a disability were more likely to have current depressive symptoms. When stratified by age (65-74, >= 75), there was no difference in the prevalence of current depressive symptoms between the age groups. However, when the authors stratified by age group both adults 65-74 years olds and those >= 75 years old, only people with worse self-rated health and those who reported a disability were more likely to have indicated current depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The continued collection of data on current depressive symptoms from a population-based sample of older adults can be used by policymakers and public health officials to identify local health needs and burdens that can assist in planning, directing, implementing, and monitoring the effectiveness of strategies. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 17:324-334) C1 [McGuire, Lisa C.; Strine, Tara W.; Anderson, Lynda A.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Allen, Rebecca S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Ctr Mental Hlth & Aging, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov OI Allen, Rebecca Sue/0000-0002-2563-4996 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-7481 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 324 EP 334 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 432QG UT WOS:000265148600009 PM 19307861 ER PT J AU Hailpern, SM Pavkov, ME O'Hare, AM Williams, DF AF Hailpern, Susan M. Pavkov, Meda E. O'Hare, Ann M. Williams, Desmond F. TI CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CYSTATIN C AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY MAR 25-29, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 [Hailpern, Susan M.; Pavkov, Meda E.; O'Hare, Ann M.; Williams, Desmond F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 MA 73 BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 425JI UT WOS:000264632400098 ER PT J AU Hedgeman, E Gillespie, B Yee, J Plantinga, L Powe, N Williams, D Burrows, NR Saran, R AF Hedgeman, Elizabeth Gillespie, Brenda Yee, Jerry Plantinga, Laura Powe, Neil Williams, Desmond Burrows, Nilka Rios Saran, Rajiv CA CDC CKD Surveillance Team TI PREVALENCE OF CKD IN UNINSURED ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY MAR 25-29, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 [Hedgeman, Elizabeth; Gillespie, Brenda; Saran, Rajiv] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yee, Jerry] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. [Plantinga, Laura; Powe, Neil] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Williams, Desmond; Burrows, Nilka Rios] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 MA 78 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 425JI UT WOS:000264632400103 ER PT J AU Hoerger, T Witterborn, J Segel, J Burrows, NR Eggers, P Pavkov, M Jordan, R Schoolwerth, AC Willams, D AF Hoerger, Thomas Witterborn, John Segel, Joel Burrows, Nilka Rios Eggers, Paul Pavkov, Meda Jordan, Regina Schoolwerth, Anton C. Willams, Desmond CA CDC CKD Initiat TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREENING FOR MICROALBUMINURIA: A SIMULATION MODEL FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY MAR 25-29, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 [Hoerger, Thomas; Witterborn, John; Segel, Joel] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Burrows, Nilka Rios; Pavkov, Meda; Jordan, Regina; Willams, Desmond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eggers, Paul] NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 MA 79 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 425JI UT WOS:000264632400104 ER PT J AU Plantinga, L Crews, D Coresh, J Saran, R Hedgeman, E Pavkov, M Eberhardt, M Powe, N AF Plantinga, Laura Crews, Deidra Coresh, Josef Saran, Raji Hedgeman, Elizabeth Pavkov, Meda Eberhardt, Mark Powe, Neil CA CDC CKD Surveillance Team TI PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS HIGH IN PERSONS WITH UNDIAGNOSED OR PRE-DIABETES IN THE UNITED STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY MAR 25-29, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 MA 160 BP A62 EP A62 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 425JI UT WOS:000264632400185 ER PT J AU Plantinga, L Miller, E Stevens, L Saran, R Robinson, B Flowers, N Geiss, L Pove, N AF Plantinga, Laura Miller, Edgar, III Stevens, Lesley Saran, Rajiv Robinson, Bruce Flowers, Nicole Geiss, Linda Pove, Neil CA CDC CKD Surveillance Team TI BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN CKD BY ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION: NHANES 1999-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY MAR 25-29, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 MA 159 BP A62 EP A62 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 425JI UT WOS:000264632400184 ER PT J AU Chu, SY D'Angelo, DV AF Chu, Susan Y. D'Angelo, Denise V. TI Gestational weight gain among US women who deliver twins, 2001-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational weight gain; maternal obesity; twin pregnancies ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; PATTERNS; OBESITY; HEIGHT; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines recommend a gestational weight gain of 35-45 pounds for a twin pregnancy, but actual levels of weight gain during pregnancy among US women delivering twins are currently unknown. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed gestational weight gain among 6345 US women who delivered twins from 2001 to 2006, using data collected from 28 states and New York City participating in a population-based surveillance system (PRAMS). RESULTS: Approximately one-third of mothers who delivered twins gained 45 pounds or more during pregnancy. Weight gains were higher among women with lower prepregnancy body mass indexes. The percentage of twins with a normal birthweight increased with increasing gestational weight gains, except among obese women with the highest level of gain (>= 65 pounds). CONCLUSION: A notable percentage of US women who deliver twins gain above the current guidelines. The benefits of high gestational weight gain during twin pregnancies need to be balanced against an increased risk of maternal weight retention and later obesity. C1 [Chu, Susan Y.; D'Angelo, Denise V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 200 IS 4 AR 390.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.018 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 422BX UT WOS:000264403100014 PM 19318147 ER PT J AU England, LJ Dietz, PM Njoroge, T Callaghan, WM Bruce, C Buus, RM Williamson, DF AF England, Lucinda J. Dietz, Patricia M. Njoroge, Terry Callaghan, William M. Bruce, Carol Buus, Rebecca M. Williamson, David F. TI Preventing type 2 diabetes: public health implications for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE diabetes gestational diabetes; prevention; postpartum screening ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; POSTPARTUM WEIGHT RETENTION; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HIGH-RISK; BONE LOSS; OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; CLINICAL PREDICTORS AB There is now strong evidence that lifestyle modification can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk individuals. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and so are candidates for prevention programs. We review literature on type 2 diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes, examine current recommendations for postpartum and long-term follow-up, and summarize findings from a 2007 expert-panel meeting. We found data to support that women with gestational diabetes have an increase in risk of type 2 diabetes comparable in magnitude with that of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose and that prevention interventions likely are effective in this population. Current recommendations from leading organizations on follow-up of women after delivery are conflicting and compliance is poor. Clinicians and public health workers face numerous challenges in developing intervention strategies for this population. Translation research will be critical in addressing this important public health issue. C1 [England, Lucinda J.; Dietz, Patricia M.; Njoroge, Terry; Callaghan, William M.; Bruce, Carol; Buus, Rebecca M.] Emory Univ, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Williamson, David F.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 200 IS 4 AR 365.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.031 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 422BX UT WOS:000264403100003 PM 18691691 ER PT J AU Ramchand, R Elliott, MN Mrug, S Grunbaum, JA Windle, M Chandra, A Peskin, MF Cooper, SP Schuster, MA AF Ramchand, Rajeev Elliott, Marc N. Mrug, Sylvie Grunbaum, Jo Anne Windle, Michael Chandra, Anita Peskin, Melissa F. Cooper, Sharon P. Schuster, Mark A. TI Substance Use and Delinquency Among Fifth Graders Who Have Jobs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PART-TIME WORK; ADOLESCENT WORK; DRUG-USE; TEENAGE EMPLOYMENT; PROBLEM BEHAVIORS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-HEALTH; CHILD LABOR; EARLY-ONSET; YOUTH AB Background: Working for pay is associated with substance use and delinquency among older adolescents, although information is scant about younger youth who work. This study investigates associations between self-reports of having a job and Substance use and delinquent behaviors in a sample of U.S. 5th graders. Methods: A total of 5147 5th graders and their parents from three large metropolitan areas were assessed in a cross-sectional survey between Fall 2004 and Summer 2006. Multivariate regression was used to estimate associations between having a job and substance use and delinquency. Analyses were conducted in Fall 2007. Results: Twenty-one percent of 5th graders reported having a job, with most working <5 hours per week. Typical jobs included yard work, babysitting, and cleaning. In multivariate models that controlled for demographic characteristics, household composition, and household income, having a job was significantly associated with past-30-day use of tobacco (OR=2.2), alcohol (OR=1.7), and marijuana (OR=3.1). Having a job was also significantly associated with ever being in a fight (OR=1.5) and with running away from home (OR=1.8). Further analyses indicated that the associations between holding job and delinquency outcomes were driven largely by Young workers who worked >2 hours per week. Conclusions: Among 5th graders, having a job was associated with substance-using behaviors and delinquency. Clinicians should consider asking young patients whether they work, and stress to parents the importance of monitoring the work activities, workplaces, and associates of their children. C1 [Ramchand, Rajeev; Chandra, Anita] RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. [Elliott, Marc N.; Schuster, Mark A.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Mrug, Sylvie] Univ Alabama, Ctr Advancement Youth Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Windle, Michael] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cooper, Sharon P.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Ramchand, R (reprint author), RAND, 1100 S Hayes St, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Rajeev_Ramchand@rand.org FU CDC Prevention Research Centers [U48DP000046, U48DP000057, U48DP000056] FX The Healthy Passages Study is funded by the CDC Prevention Research Centers (Cooperative Agreements U48DP000046, U48DP000057, and U48DP000056). NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.11.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 422DP UT WOS:000264407700003 PM 19285195 ER PT J AU Hall, AJ Bixler, D Helmkamp, JC Kraner, JC Kaplan, JA AF Hall, Aron J. Bixler, Danae Helmkamp, James C. Kraner, James C. Kaplan, James A. TI Fatal All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes Injury Types and Alcohol Use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WEST-VIRGINIA; REDUCING DRINKING; MOTOR-VEHICLE; PATTERNS; DRIVERS; DEATHS; TRAUMA; ALASKA; RATES AB Background: Since the 1990s, West Virginia has led the U.S. in the per-capita death rate from all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes, with rates eight times the national average and continually increasing. A comprehensive assessment was conducted of ATV fatalities to provide critical guidance for community interventions and public health policy to prevent further deaths. Methods: In 2007, death certificates for 2004 to 2006 with ICD-10 codes correlating to ATV crashes were used to identify decedents involved in crashes Occurring in West Virginia. Data were abstracted from medical examiner records regarding crash circumstances, sustained injuries, and toxicology. Results: During 2004-2006, a total of 112 fatal ATV crashes were identified. Nearly all (92%) decedents were the ATV operator, and only 15% were known to have worn helmets. Among 54 traffic crashes, collisions (56%) and head injuries (65%) predominated, whereas the majority of 58 nontraffic crashes were rollovers (55%) and were most commonly associated with compression injuries of the thorax and abdomen (36%). Regardless of crash class (i.e., traffic versus nontraffic), alcohol was detected in the blood of 50% of decedents; of those, 88% had blood alcohol concentrations >= 0.08% (mean=0.17%), West Virginia's legal limit. Drugs of abuse were identified in 21% of decedents, including marijuana (11%); opioid analgesics (7%); diazepam (6%); cocaine (2%); and methamphetamine (1%). Conclusions: Fatal crash and injury types differ significantly depending oil the location of ATV use, although alcohol and drug abuse are frequent risk factors in all types of ATV crashes. In addition to promoting helmet use, interventions are needed to address alcohol use among ATV users. C1 [Hall, Aron J.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hall, Aron J.; Bixler, Danae; Kraner, James C.; Kaplan, James A.] W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, SC USA. [Helmkamp, James C.] W Virginia Univ, Injury Control Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajhall@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.11.019 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 422DP UT WOS:000264407700005 PM 19201149 ER PT J AU Bryan, RT Schaefer, RM DeBruyn, L Stier, DD AF Bryan, Ralph T. Schaefer, Rebecca McLaughlin DeBruyn, Lemyra Stier, Daniel D. TI Public Health Legal Preparedness in Indian Country SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL COORDINATION; NATIVES; LAWS C1 [Bryan, Ralph T.; DeBruyn, Lemyra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Schaefer, Rebecca McLaughlin; Stier, Daniel D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bryan, RT (reprint author), DEDP IHS, 5300 Homestead Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM rrb2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.146522 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RA UT WOS:000264512200009 PM 19150897 ER PT J AU MacNeil, A Reynolds, MG Carroll, DS Karem, K Braden, Z Lash, R Moundeli, A Mombouli, JV Jumaan, AO Schmid, DS Damon, IK AF MacNeil, Adam Reynolds, Mary G. Carroll, Darin S. Karem, Kevin Braden, Zach Lash, Ryan Moundeli, Amba Mombouli, Jean-Vivien Jumaan, Aisha O. Schmid, D. Scott Damon, Inger K. TI Monkeypox or Varicella? Lessons from a Rash Outbreak Investigation in the Republic of the Congo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ZOSTER-VIRUS-INFECTIONS; ATTACK RATES; OF-CONGO; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHICKENPOX; COMMUNITY; ANTIBODY; AREA AB Monkeypox virus and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cause visually similar rash illnesses. Monkeypox is more virulent, with fatality rates up to 10%. In June 2007, reports were received of a rash illness outbreak in isolated villages in Likouala district, Republic of the Congo. Blood specimens were obtained from 142 individuals reporting rash illness between January and September 2007 from four villages in Likouala. Thirty-seven cases of probable VZV were identified based on low VZV IgG avidity; cases occurred in all four villages. No probable monkeypox cases with orthopoxvirus-positive IgM responses were observed; however, three possible monkeypox cases, in individuals < 26 years of age., with rash illness occurring > 56 days before sampling and positive orthopoxvirus-specific IgG responses, were identified. Remoteness and delays in reporting limited collection of acute diagnostic specimens. Improvements in rash illness surveillance and infection control, through training of health workers and timely acquisition of diagnostic specimens, are being undertaken. C1 [MacNeil, Adam; Reynolds, Mary G.; Carroll, Darin S.; Karem, Kevin; Braden, Zach; Lash, Ryan; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [MacNeil, Adam; Mombouli, Jean-Vivien] Marien Ngouabi Univ, Dept Microbiol, Brazzville, Zaire. [Jumaan, Aisha O.] PATH, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Lab, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dist Hlth Off, Impfondo, Zaire. RP MacNeil, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aho3@cdc.gov RI Lash, R. Ryan/E-4115-2013 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was funded entirely by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 503 EP 507 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 432CK UT WOS:000265110900003 PM 19346366 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Williams, A Galland, GG Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Williams, Allison Galland, G. Gale Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Barnwell, John W. TI The Santa Lucia Strain of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus Monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EL-SALVADOR STRAIN; P-FALCIPARUM; ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; NANCYMAI MONKEYS; PUPAL PHENOTYPES; STAGE VACCINES; VIVAX; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; MODEL AB The Santa Lucia strain of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in 150 Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, 30 A. azarae boliviensis, 103 A. nancymaae, and 121 A. vociferans monkeys. All four of these splenectomized hosts supported the production of gametocytes infective to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. Transmission through sporozoites from An. freeborni, An. stephensi, An. maculatus, and An. albimanus mosquitoes was successful to all four species of Aotus on a total of 100 occasions with a median pre-patent period of 21 days. For the production of infective mosquitoes for vaccine challenge studies, A. l. griseimembra and A. vociferans were the most predictable hosts. C1 [Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Galland, G. Gale] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Geog Med & Hlth Promot Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Allison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Tyrone] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Malaria Branch,US Publ Hlth Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov FU US Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [936-3100-AA6-P-00-0006-07] FX This study was supported in part by an Interagency Agreement 936-3100-AA6-P-00-0006-07 between the US Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 536 EP 540 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 432CK UT WOS:000265110900008 PM 19346371 ER PT J AU Holman, RC McQuiston, JH Haberling, DL Cheek, JE AF Holman, Robert C. McQuiston, Jennifer H. Haberling, Dana L. Cheek, James E. TI Increasing Incidence of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever among the American Indian Population in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; RISK-FACTORS AB To examine trends of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) incidence among American Indians compared with other race groups, a retrospective analysis of national RMSF surveillance data reported to the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance and the Tickborne Rickettsial Disease Case Report Forms system were used. The RMSF incidence for American Indians, which was comparable to those for other race groups during 1990-2000, increased at a disproportionate rate during 2001-2005. The average annual incidence of RMSF reported among American Indians for 2001-2005 was 16.8 per 1,000,000 persons compared with 4.2, 2.6, and 0.5 for white, black, and Asian/Pacific Islander persons, respectively. Most cases in American Indians were reported from Oklahoma (113.1 cases per 1,000,000), North Carolina (60.0), and Arizona (17.2). The incidence of RMSF increased dramatically among American Indians disproportionately to trends for other race groups. Education about tick-borne disease and prevention measures should be addressed for high-risk American Indian populations. C1 [Holman, Robert C.; McQuiston, Jennifer H.; Haberling, Dana L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cheek, James E.] US Dept HHS, Div Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth Support, Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmcquiston@cdc.gov; James.Cheek@ihs.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 432CK UT WOS:000265110900021 PM 19346384 ER PT J AU Mutonga, DM Pimentel, G Muindi, J Nzioka, C Mutiso, J Klena, JD Morcos, M Ogaro, T Materu, S Tetteh, C Messonnier, NE Breiman, RF Feikin, DR AF Mutonga, David M. Pimentel, Guillermo Muindi, Judith Nzioka, Charles Mutiso, Julius Klena, John D. Morcos, Myriam Ogaro, Thomas Materu, Sadiki Tetteh, Christopher Messonnier, Nancy E. Breiman, Robert F. Feikin, Daniel R. TI Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Serogroup X Meningococcal Meningitis during an Outbreak in Western Kenya, 2005-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; NORTHERN GHANA; BURKINA-FASO; DISEASE; NIGER AB The epidemiology of serogroup X meningococcal meningitis in Africa is unknown. During a serogroup X meningococcus outbreak in Kenya, case finding involved record review at health facilities and interviews with health workers and community leaders in West Pokot district. An age- and location-matched case-control study for risk factors was done. From December 2005 to April 2006, 82 suspect cases of meningitis were reported; the epidemic threshold was surpassed within two administrative divisions. Most (58%) cases were 5-24 years old; the case-fatality ratio was 21 %. Serogroup X meningococcus was the most common serogroup-5 (63 %) of eight isolates serogrouped. Living in the same compound as another case, preceding upper respiratory tract infection and cooking outside the house were significant risk factors for disease. Serogroup X meningococcus caused an outbreak with similar epidemiology and risk factors as other serogroups. Serogroup-specific laboratory-based surveillance for meningococcus in Africa to detect serogroup X disease should be enhanced. C1 [Breiman, Robert F.; Feikin, Daniel R.] CDC, Unit 64112, KEMRI, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Mutonga, David M.; Muindi, Judith; Tetteh, Christopher] CDC, KEMRI, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Pimentel, Guillermo; Klena, John D.; Morcos, Myriam] USN, Res Program 3, Dis Surveillance Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. [Nzioka, Charles; Mutiso, Julius; Ogaro, Thomas] Kenya Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Div Dis Surveillance & Response, Nairobi, Kenya. [Materu, Sadiki] African Med & Res Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. [Messonnier, Nancy E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. USN, Med Res Program 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth, Div Dis Surveillance & Response, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), CDC, Unit 64112, KEMRI, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM davidmutonga@yahoo.com; Guillermo.Pimentel@med.navy.mil; judithmuindi@yahoo.com; KlenaJ@namru3.med.navy.mil; MorcosM@namru3.med.navy.mil; sadikim@amrefke.org; TettehC@sa.cdc.gov; nar5@cdc.gov; rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov; dfeikin@ke.cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 619 EP 624 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 432CK UT WOS:000265110900025 PM 19346388 ER PT J AU Shultz, A Omollo, JO Burke, H Qassim, M Ochieng, JB Weinberg, M Feikin, DR Breiman, RF AF Shultz, Alvin Omollo, Jared O. Burke, Heather Qassim, Mohamed Ochieng, John B. Weinberg, Michelle Feikin, Daniel R. Breiman, Robert F. TI Cholera Outbreak in Kenyan Refugee Camp: Risk Factors for Illness and Importance of Sanitation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; STRATEGIES; MOZAMBIQUE; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; AFRICA; MALAWI AB An outbreak of watery diarrhea struck within the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya in April 2005,418 people were treated, and 4 persons died. Vibrio cholerae 01 was isolated from 33 patients. In June 2005, we conducted a retrospective matched case-control study to define risk factors associated with cholera among camp residents and identify interventions that could prevent further cases and future outbreaks. We identified cases of cholera through medical records at the main health facility in the camp and matched controls (without watery diarrhea since November 2004) to the cases by age category (< 2, 2-4, 5-1.4, and > 14 years) and location of residence within the camp. Cases were defined as any person of any age with profuse, effortless watery diarrhea (three or more stools in 24 hours). A multivariate model showed that storing drinking water at home in sealed or covered containers was protective against cholera (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 0.49 [0.25,0.96]), whereas "sharing a latrine with at least three households" (MOR = 2.17 [1.01, 4.68]) and arriving at the Kakuma camp on or after November 2004 (MOR = 4.66 [1.35, 16.05]) were risk factors. Improving sanitation and promoting methods to ensure safe drinking water are likely to be effective measures in moderating future cholera outbreaks in this setting. Higher risks for cholera illness among refugees recently "in-migrated" suggest that there may be value in targeting new arrivals in the camp for risk reduction messages and interventions, such as covered water storage containers, to prevent cholera. C1 [Breiman, Robert F.] CDC, Kenya Med Res Unit KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Shultz, Alvin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Omollo, Jared O.] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Div Dis Surveillance & Response, Nairobi, Kenya. [Burke, Heather; Weinberg, Michelle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Qassim, Mohamed] UN High Commiss Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ochieng, John B.; Feikin, Daniel R.] CDC, KEMRI, Kisian, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), CDC, Kenya Med Res Unit KEMRI, Mbagathi Rd,Off Mbagathi Way, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov FU KEMRI-CDC in Kisian, Kenya FX The authors thank Dan Koros, Jenny Fletcher, Richard Brennan, and other staff of the International Rescue Committee (IRC), who helped facilitate this study in a great number of ways including providing logistical support for the investigation team. In addition, the authors thank the other Kakuma camp stakeholders for their assistance and openness during the investigation: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Lutheran World Federation (LWF), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). We are grateful for the microbiologic work contributed by the enterics laboratory at KEMRI-CDC in Kisian, Kenya. We appreciate the helpful comments of Drs. Eric Mintz and Cheryl Bopp, who reviewed the manuscript. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 640 EP 645 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 432CK UT WOS:000265110900029 PM 19346392 ER PT J AU Virji, MA Woskie, SR Waters, M Brueck, S Stancescu, D Gore, R Estill, C Prince, M AF Virji, M. Abbas Woskie, Susan R. Waters, Martha Brueck, Scott Stancescu, Daniel Gore, Rebecca Estill, Cheryl Prince, Mary TI Agreement between Task-Based Estimates of the Full-Shift Noise Exposure and the Full-Shift Noise Dosimetry SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; agreement; bias; concordance correlation coefficient; noise exposure; precision; task-based exposure assessment ID CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; EVALUATE REPRODUCIBILITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; STATISTICAL-METHODS; MEASUREMENT TOOL; LUNG-FUNCTION; SHOP WORKERS; CONSTRUCTION; DETERMINANTS; PERFORMANCE AB Noise assessments have been conducted using full-shift dosimetry and short-term task-based measurements. Advantages of the task-based method include the opportunity to directly identify high-noise exposure tasks and to target control measures, as well as obtain estimates of task-based full-shift exposures; however, there is little empirical evidence comparing the two methods. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health assessed noise exposures at three industrial facilities using dosimetry and task-based methods with the objective of comparing the two strategies and assessing the degree of agreement and causes of disagreement. Eight indices of task-based full-shift exposures were created from task-based sampling using three methods to assess time-at-task (direct observation by industrial hygienist, end-of-shift worker estimates and supervisor estimates) and three methods to assign noise levels to tasks [direct measurement, arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM)]. We assessed aspects of agreement (precision, bias and absolute agreement) using Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Overall, the task-based methods worked fairly well, with mean biases less than +/- 2.8 dBA and precision ranges of 3.3-4.4 dBA. By all measures, task-based full-shift estimates based on supervisor assessment of time-at-task agreed most poorly with the dosimetry data. The task-based full-shift estimates based on worker estimates of time-at-task generally agreed as well as those based on direct observation. For task noise level, task-based full-shift estimates based on directly measured task agreed the best with dosimetry data, while agreement for task-based indices based on task AM or GM was variable. Overall, the task-based full-shift estimates based on direct observation task and direct measured task noise level achieved the best agreement with the dosimetry data (CCC 0.84) with 95% of their differences being within 7.4 dBA and 56% of the differences < 3 dBA. For this index, a high degree of accuracy was observed (accuracy coefficient = 0.96) with major cause of disagreement arising from a lack of precision (precision coefficient = 0.88). When the measurements were classified by job characteristics, significant improvements in the degree of agreement were observed in the low job mobility, low job complexity and low job variability categories. Our data suggest that a high degree of absolute agreement can be achieved between the task-based and dosimetry-based estimates of full-shift exposures. The task-based approach that uses worker reports combined with task AM or GM levels is similar to the more time-intensive direct observation method to estimate full-shift exposures. C1 [Virji, M. Abbas] NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Woskie, Susan R.; Gore, Rebecca] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Waters, Martha; Estill, Cheryl; Prince, Mary] NIOSH, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Brueck, Scott] NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stancescu, Daniel] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Virji, MA (reprint author), NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, MS 2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mvirji@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 FU NIOSH [212-2005-M-14358] FX National Occupational Research Agenda. The study was funded in part by a NIOSH contract to the University of Massachusetts Lowell (212-2005-M-14358); NIOSH NORA project. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mep010 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 428YV UT WOS:000264888900002 PM 19282390 ER PT J AU Mckernan, JL Toraason, MA Fernback, JE Petersen, MR AF Mckernan, John L. Toraason, Mark A. Fernback, Joseph E. Petersen, Martin R. TI Presence of Tungsten-Containing Fibers in Tungsten Refining and Manufacturing Processes SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE airborne mineral fiber; electron microscopy; hard-metal manufacturing; metal oxide whisker; tungsten blue oxide ID OXIDE WHISKERS; EXPOSURE; RADICALS AB In tungsten refining and manufacturing processes, a series of tungsten oxides are typically formed as intermediates in the production of tungsten powder. The present study was conducted to characterize airborne tungsten-containing fiber dimensions, elemental composition and concentrations in the US tungsten refining and manufacturing industry. During the course of normal employee work activities, seven personal breathing zone and 62 area air samples were collected and analyzed using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fiber sampling and counting methods to determine dimensions, composition and airborne concentrations of fibers. Mixed models were used to identify relationships between potential determinants and airborne fiber concentrations. Results from transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that airborne fibers with length > 0.5 mu m, diameter > 0.01 mu m and aspect ratios >= 3:1 were present on 35 of the 69 air samples collected. Overall, the airborne fibers detected had a geometric mean length approximate to 3 mu m and diameter approximate to 0.3 mu m. Ninety-seven percent of the airborne fibers identified were in the thoracic fraction (i.e. aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m). Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry results indicated that airborne fibers prior to the carburization process consisted primarily of tungsten and oxygen, with other elements being detected in trace quantities. Based on NIOSH fiber counting 'B' rules (length > 5 mu m, diameter < 3 mu m and aspect ratio >= 5:1), airborne fiber concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection to 0.085 fibers cm(-3), with calcining being associated with the highest airborne concentrations. The mixed model procedure indicated that process temperature had a marginally significant relationship to airborne fiber concentration. This finding was expected since heated processes such as calcining created the highest airborne fiber concentrations. The finding of airborne tungsten-containing fibers in this occupational setting needs to be confirmed in similar settings and demonstrates the need to obtain information on the durability and associated health effects of these fibers. C1 [Mckernan, John L.; Petersen, Martin R.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Toraason, Mark A.; Fernback, Joseph E.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Mckernan, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mckernan.john@epa.gov FU National Toxicology Program; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Y1-ES-9045-16] FX National Toxicology Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Y1-ES-9045-16). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men078 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 428YV UT WOS:000264888900003 PM 19126624 ER PT J AU Magill, SS Swoboda, SM Shields, CE Colantuoni, EA Fothergill, AW Merz, WG Lipsett, PA Hendrix, CW AF Magill, Shelley S. Swoboda, Sandra M. Shields, Christine E. Colantuoni, Elizabeth A. Fothergill, Annette W. Merz, William G. Lipsett, Pamela A. Hendrix, Craig W. TI The Epidemiology of Candida Colonization and Invasive Candidiasis in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit Where Fluconazole Prophylaxis is Utilized Follow-Up to a Randomized Clinical Trial SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CRITICALLY-ILL; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DOUBLE-BLIND; HIGH-RISK; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS; ANTIFUNGAL PROPHYLAXIS; NOSOCOMIAL CANDIDEMIA AB Objective: To determine whether Candida glabrata colonization and invasive candidiasis (IC) increased among critically ill surgical patients 3 years after the introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Summary Background Data: Fluconazole prophylaxis has been shown in randomized clinical trials to reduce the occurrence of candidiasis in some patient populations, including high-risk SICU patients. One such trial was performed in The Johns Hopkins Hospital SICU in 1998. Whether the epidemiology of Candida colonization and IC has changed in SICUs where fluconazole prophylaxis is routinely utilized has not been adequately studied. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study of subjects admitted for 2:3 days to the SICU of a large, urban, academic medical center, where fluconazole prophylaxis had been utilized for approximately 3 years. Surveillance fungal Cultures of rectal/fecal swabs, urine, and endotracheal aspirates were performed on admission to the SICU, once weekly, and upon discharge from the SICU. Demographic and clinical data were collected. C. glabrata colonization and IC prevalence among patients in the prospective cohort were compared with the prevalence among SICU patients enrolled in the 1998 clinical trial of fluconazole for the prevention of candidiasis that was performed at the same institution. Results: C glabrata colonization was not significantly more common among patients in the 2003 cohort as compared with patients in the 1998 trial (adjusted odds ratio[OR]: 0.90, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-1.41). Patients with IC in the 2003 cohort were not more likely than those in the 1998 trial to have IC due to C. glabrata (adjusted OR: 1.93. 95% CI: 0.20-18.98). while patients with IC in the 2003 cohort were less likely than patients in the 1998 trial to have acquired IC in the ICU (adjusted OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.009-0.82). Conclusions: There was no increase in C glabrata colonization or in the proportion of IC due to C glabrata after a 3-year period of routine fluconazole prophylaxis for selected SICU patients. C1 [Magill, Shelley S.; Hendrix, Craig W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Magill, Shelley S.; Shields, Christine E.; Merz, William G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Swoboda, Sandra M.; Lipsett, Pamela A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Colantuoni, Elizabeth A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Fothergill, Annette W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Magill, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smagill@cdc.gov RI Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014 OI Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665 FU Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR00052]; NCRR [K23 A1153601]; NIAID; Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research [K24 A1101825]; Pfizer FX Supported by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine General Clinical Research Center grant M01-RR00052 from NCRR and a K23 award (K23 A1153601) from NIAID (to S.S.M. and C.W.H.) was supported by a K24 Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24 A1101825) Pfizer provided an unrestricted educational grant for the 1998 clinical trial. S.S.M. has received grant support from Pfizer, has been a consultant for Pfizer, and has received an honorarium from Astellas. W.G.M. has received grant support from Pfizer and Merck. P.A.L. has participated in speaking engagements sponsored by Pfizer and Schering-Plough. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 249 IS 4 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31819ed914 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 429CT UT WOS:000264899100020 PM 19300221 ER PT J AU Guo, LZ Garten, RJ Foust, AS Sessions, WM Okomo-Adhiambo, M Gubareva, LV Klimov, AI Xu, XY AF Guo, Lizheng Garten, Rebecca J. Foust, Angie S. Sessions, Wendy M. Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret Gubareva, Larisa V. Klimov, Alexander I. Xu, Xiyan TI Rapid identification of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses with H274Y mutation by RT-PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism assay SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oseltamivir resistance; Influenza A(H1N1) virus; H274Y; RT-PCR/RFLP ID INHIBITOR SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; A VIRUSES; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; SURVEILLANCE; H5N1; INFECTION; SEASON; H3N2 AB In the beginning of 2007-2008 Northern Hemisphere influenza season, the frequency of influenza A(HI NI) viruses bearing a previously defined oseltamivir resistance conferring amino acid change of Histidine to Tyrosine at position 274 (H274Y) of the neuraminidase (NA) increased dramatically. In order to rapidly detect such resistant viruses, an RT-PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) assay targeting amino acid 274 of the NI NA molecule was developed to investigate the presence or absence of the H274Y mutation. The reverse primer was engineered to produce a BspHI site in the amplicon for oseltamivir-sensitive viruses with Histidine at position 274 (274H). A total of 50 influenza A(H1N1) specimens including 30 oseltamivir-sensitive and 20 oseltamivir-resistant ones submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during the 2007-2008 influenza season were successfully characterized by this assay. The assay was specific for grown A(H1N1) viruses and original clinical specimens, with a lower limit of detection of approximately 10 RNA transcript copies per reaction. Our RT-PCR/RFLP assay provides a simple, rapid and sensitive tool to monitor the emergence and spread of H274Y oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Guo, Lizheng; Garten, Rebecca J.; Foust, Angie S.; Sessions, Wendy M.; Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Xu, Xiyan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xxxl@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 82 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.01.004 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 435GI UT WOS:000265331500004 PM 19428592 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Yakrus, MA Arduino, MJ Cooksey, RC Crane, CB Banerjee, SN Hilborn, ED Donlan, RM AF Williams, Margaret M. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Arduino, Matthew J. Cooksey, Robert C. Crane, Christina B. Banerjee, Shailen N. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Donlan, Rodney M. TI Structural Analysis of Biofilm Formation by Rapidly and Slowly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; SLIDING MOTILITY; AIDS PATIENTS; AVIUM; ABSCESSUS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) such as M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum, implicated in health care-associated infections, are often isolated from potable water supplies as part of the microbial flora. To understand factors that influence growth in their environmental source, clinical RGM and slowly growing MAC isolates were grown as biofilm in a laboratory batch system. High and low nutrient levels were compared, as well as stainless steel and polycarbonate surfaces. Biofilm growth was measured after 72 h of incubation by enumeration of bacteria from disrupted biofilms and by direct quantitative image analysis of biofilm microcolony structure. RGM biofilm development was influenced more by nutrient level than by substrate material, though both affected biofilm growth for most of the isolates tested. Microcolony structure revealed that RGM develop several different biofilm structures under high-nutrient growth conditions, including pillars of various shapes (M. abscessus and M. fortuitum) and extensive cording (M. abscessus and M. chelonae). Although it is a slowly growing species in the laboratory, a clinical isolate of M. avium developed more culturable biofilm in potable water in 72 h than any of the 10 RGM examined. This indicates that M. avium is better adapted for growth in potable water systems than in laboratory incubation conditions and suggests some advantage that MAC has over RGM in low-nutrient environments. C1 [Williams, Margaret M.; Arduino, Matthew J.; Crane, Christina B.; Banerjee, Shailen N.; Donlan, Rodney M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Cooksey, Robert C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MWilliams7@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 2091 EP 2098 DI 10.1128/AEM.00166-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 424EX UT WOS:000264549400034 PM 19201956 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Wittenborn, JS Zhang, XZ Honeycutt, AA Lesesne, SB Saaddine, J AF Rein, David B. Wittenborn, John S. Zhang, Xinzhi Honeycutt, Amanda A. Lesesne, Sarah B. Saaddine, Jinan CA Vision Hlth Cost-Effectiveness TI Forecasting Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through the Year 2050 The Potential Impact of New Treatments SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; BEAVER DAM EYE; LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To forecast age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its consequences in the United States through the year 2050 with different treatment scenarios. Methods: We simulated cases of early AMD, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), geographic atrophy (GA), and AMD-attributable visual impairment and blindness with 5 universal treatment scenarios: ( 1) no treatment; ( 2) focal laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for CNV; ( 3) vitamin prophylaxis at early-AMD incidence with focal laser/PDT for CNV; ( 4) no vitamin prophylaxis followed by focal laser treatment for extra and juxtafoveal CNV and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment; and ( 5) vitamin prophylaxis at early-AMD incidence followed by CNV treatment, as in scenario 4. Results: Cases of early AMD increased from 9.1 million in 2010 to 17.8 million in 2050 across all scenarios. In non-vitamin-receiving scenarios, cases of CNV and GA increased from 1.7 million in 2010 to 3.8 million in 2050 (25% lower in vitamin-receiving scenarios). Cases of visual impairment and blindness increased from 620 000 in 2010 to 1.6 million in 2050 when given no treatment and were 2.4%, 22.0%, 16.9%, and 34.5% lower in scenarios 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of AMD will increase substantially by 2050, but the use of new therapies can mitigate its effects. C1 [Rein, David B.; Wittenborn, John S.; Zhang, Xinzhi; Honeycutt, Amanda A.; Lesesne, Sarah B.] Res Triangle Inst RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zhang, Xinzhi; Saaddine, Jinan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Ste 119, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM drein@rti.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Diabetes Translation through US Federal [200-2002-00776] FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Diabetes Translation through US Federal Contract 200-2002-00776. NR 39 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 127 IS 4 BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 431ZN UT WOS:000265103400027 PM 19365036 ER PT J AU Ball, R Shadomy, SV Meyer, A Huber, BT Leffell, MS Zachary, A Belotto, M Hilton, E Bryant-Genevier, M Schriefer, ME Miller, FW Braun, MM AF Ball, Robert Shadomy, Sean V. Meyer, Abbie Huber, Brigitte T. Leffell, Mary S. Zachary, Andrea Belotto, Michael Hilton, Eileen Bryant-Genevier, Marthe Schriefer, Martin E. Miller, Frederick W. Braun, M. Miles TI HLA Type and Immune Response to Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A in People in Whom Arthritis Developed After Lyme Disease Vaccination SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID T-CELL EPITOPE; ASSOCIATION; THERAPY; MIMICRY; HLA-DR4 AB Objective. To investigate whether persons with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis-associated HLA alleles might develop arthritis as a result of an autoimmune reaction triggered by Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA), the Lyme disease vaccine antigen. Methods. Persons in whom inflammatory arthritis had developed after Lyme disease vaccine (cases) were compared with 3 control groups: 1) inflammatory arthritis but not Lyme disease vaccine (arthritis controls), 2) Lyme disease vaccine but not inflammatory arthritis (vaccine controls), and 3) neither Lyme disease vaccine nor inflammatory arthritis (normal controls). HLA-DRB1 allele typing, Western blotting for Lyme antigen, and T cell reactivity testing were performed. Results. Twenty-seven cases were matched with 1.62 controls (54 in each control group). Odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of 1. or 2 treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis alleles were 0.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.3-2.1), 1.6 (95% CI 0.5-4.4), and 1.75 (95% CI 0.6-5.3) in cases versus arthritis controls, vaccine controls, and normal controls, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of DRB1 alleles. T cell response to OspA was similar between cases and vaccine controls, as measured using the stimulation index (OR 1.6 [95% CI 0.5-5.1]) or change in uptake of tritiated thymidine (counts per minute) (OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.2-2.3]), but cases were less likely to have IgG antibodies to OspA (OR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.8]). Cases were sampled closer to the time of vaccination (median 3.59 years versus 5.48 years), and fewer cases had received 3 doses of vaccine (37% versus 93%). Conclusion. Treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis alleles were not found more commonly in persons who developed arthritis after Lyme disease vaccination, and immune responses to OspA were not significantly more common in arthritis cases. These results suggest that Lyme disease vaccine is not a major factor in the development of arthritis in these cases. C1 [Ball, Robert; Shadomy, Sean V.; Bryant-Genevier, Marthe; Braun, M. Miles] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Meyer, Abbie; Huber, Brigitte T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Leffell, Mary S.; Zachary, Andrea] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Belotto, Michael; Hilton, Eileen] Biomed Res Alliance New York, Great Neck, NY USA. [Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Miller, Frederick W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ball, R (reprint author), 1401 Rockville Pike,I HFM-222, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM Robert.Ball@fda.hhs.gov OI Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 FU US Department of Health; Human Services National Vaccine Program Office; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH FX Supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services National Vaccine Program Office, the international program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, and the FDA. Dr. Shadomy is recipient of a fellowship from the US Department of Health and Human Services National Vaccine Program Office. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 2009 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1186 DI 10.1002/art.24418 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 432RW UT WOS:000265152800033 PM 19333928 ER PT J AU Kouides, PA Byams, VR Philipp, CS Stein, SF Heit, JA Lukes, AS Skerrette, NI Dowling, NF Evatt, BL Miller, CH Owens, S Kulkarni, R AF Kouides, Peter A. Byams, Vanessa R. Philipp, Claire S. Stein, Sidney F. Heit, John A. Lukes, Andrea S. Skerrette, Nyasha I. Dowling, Nicole F. Evatt, Bruce L. Miller, Connie H. Owens, Sally Kulkarni, Roshni TI Multisite management study of menorrhagia with abnormal laboratory haemostasis: a prospective crossover study of intranasal desmopressin and oral tranexamic acid SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tranexamic acid; intranasal desmopressin; menorrhagia; quality of life ID VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; PICTORIAL CHART; WOMEN; SPRAY AB The optimal management of menorrhagia among women with abnormal laboratory haemostasis is uncertain. In a crossover study, 116 women with menorrhagia [pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) score > 100], negative gynaecological evaluation and abnormal laboratory haemostasis were randomly assigned to either intranasal desmopressin (IN-DDAVP) or tranexamic acid (TA) therapy for two menstrual cycles. The subjects then crossed over to the second study drug for two additional cycles. Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was measured by PBAC scores at baseline and after each menstrual cycle. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed with four validated instruments. There was a statistically significant decrease in PBAC scores for both treatments. On average, the estimated decrease in the PBAC from baseline was -64.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -88.0, -40.3] for IN-DDAVP and -105.7 (95% CI = -130.5, -81.0) for TA. The decrease in PBAC score was greater for TA than IN-DDAVP (a difference of 41.6, P-value = 0.0002, 95% CI = 19.6, 63.6). The test for treatment-type effect was significant (P < 0.0001) suggesting a greater reduction in PBAC score with TA. Use of both IN-DDAVP and TA improved QOL by all four instruments. We conclude that both medications reduced MBL and improved QOL among females with menorrhagia and abnormal laboratory haemostasis, but TA proved more effective. C1 [Kouides, Peter A.] Mary M Gooley Hemophilia Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. [Byams, Vanessa R.; Skerrette, Nyasha I.; Dowling, Nicole F.; Evatt, Bruce L.; Miller, Connie H.; Owens, Sally] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Nat Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Philipp, Claire S.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Stein, Sidney F.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Heit, John A.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Lukes, Andrea S.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Kulkarni, Roshni] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kouides, PA (reprint author), Mary M Gooley Hemophilia Ctr Inc, Rochester Gen Hosp, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. EM peter.kouides@rochestergeneral.org OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 145 IS 2 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07610.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 424JS UT WOS:000264563600008 PM 19236375 ER PT J AU Wilson, KM Vesper, HW Tocco, P Sampson, L Rosen, J Hellenas, KE Tornqvist, M Willett, WC AF Wilson, Kathryn M. Vesper, Hubert W. Tocco, Paula Sampson, Laura Rosen, Johan Hellenas, Karl-Erik Tornqvist, Margareta Willett, Walter C. TI Validation of a food frequency questionnaire measurement of dietary acrylamide intake using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Acrylamide; Glycidamide; Diet; Hemoglobin adducts ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RENAL-CELL CANCER; METABOLITE GLYCIDAMIDE; GENERAL-POPULATION; BREAST-CANCER; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; RISK; BIOMARKERS; TOXICOKINETICS AB Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is formed during high-heat cooking of many common foods. The validity of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measures of acrylamide intake has not been established. We assessed the validity of acrylamide intake calculated from an FFQ using a biomarker of acrylamide exposure. We calculated acrylamide intake from an FFQ in the Nurses' Health Study II. We measured hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its metabolite, glycidamide, in a random sample of 342 women. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between acrylamide intakes and adducts. The correlation between acrylamide intake and the sum of acrylamide and glycidamide adducts was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.20-0.41), adjusted for laboratory batch, energy intake, and age. Further adjustment for BMI, alcohol intake, and correction for random within-person measurement error in adducts gave a correlation of 0.34 (CI: 0.23-0.45). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the sum of adducts was 0.77 in blood samples collected 1-3 years apart in a subset of 45 women. Intake of several foods significantly predicted adducts in multiple regression. Acrylamide intake and hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide were moderately correlated. Within-person consistency in adducts was high over time. C1 [Wilson, Kathryn M.; Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wilson, Kathryn M.; Tocco, Paula; Sampson, Laura; Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Vesper, Hubert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosen, Johan; Hellenas, Karl-Erik] Swedish Natl Food Adm, Uppsala, Sweden. [Tornqvist, Margareta] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Willett, Walter C.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wilson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kwilson@hsph.harvard.edu FU National Cancer Institute [CA050385]; NCI/NIH [T32 CA09001] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute, CA050385. KMW is partially supported by NCI/NIH Training Grant T32 CA09001. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10552-008-9241-7 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413IO UT WOS:000263787000001 PM 18855107 ER PT J AU Nielson, CM Harris, RB Flores, R Abrahamsen, M Papenfuss, MR Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE Giuliano, AR AF Nielson, Carrie M. Harris, Robin B. Flores, Roberto Abrahamsen, Martha Papenfuss, Mary R. Dunne, Eileen F. Markowitz, Lauri E. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Multiple-Type Human Papillomavirus Infection in Male Anogenital Sites: Prevalence and Associated Factors SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HPV INFECTION; MEN; ACQUISITION; PERSISTENCE; RISK; DETERMINANTS; PREDICTOR; YOUNGER; WOMEN AB Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and is strongly associated with other anogenital cancers. Multiple-type HPV infection has been associated with lengthier infection and precancerous lesions. Little is known about multiple-type HPV prevalence and associated factors in men. We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for multiple-type HPV in primarily asymptomatic men. Detection of 37 HPV types in male anogenital epithelium and semen was completed in 463 men in two U.S. cities. The proportions of men with multiple HPIV of any type and with multiple oncogenic or nononcogenic types were calculated. Factors associated with multiple HPV were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. Overall, 22.9% of men had multiple-HPV, 8.6% of men had multiple oncogenic types, and 13.4% had multiple nononcogenic types. Greater proportions of samples at the shaft, glans/corona, and scrotum had multiple HPV types (18.7%, 12.8%, and 7.3%, respectively) than did other anogenital sites (all <= 2.8%). Factors independently associated with multiple-type HPV were Hispanic ethnicity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.45; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05-5.67], concurrent detection of genital warts (AOR, 10.40; 95% CI, 1.12-96.6). smoking >= 10 cigarettes/d (AOR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.07-8.43), greater lifetime number of female sexual partners (AOR, 13.73 for >= 21 versus 1-5; 95% CI, 5.34-35.3), and condom use less than half the time (AOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.07-3.84). Detection of multiple HPV types in this study of primarily asymptomatic men was common, particularly at external genital sites. Lifetime number of female sex partners, condom use, and smoking were modifiable factors associated with multiple HPV. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):1.077-83) C1 [Flores, Roberto; Abrahamsen, Martha; Papenfuss, Mary R.; Giuliano, Anna R.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Nielson, Carrie M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Harris, Robin B.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Harris, Robin B.] Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dunne, Eileen F.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giuliano, AR (reprint author), H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, 12902 Magnolia Dr,MRC 2067D, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM anna.giuliano@moffitt.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Association of American Medical Colleges [U36/CCU319276]; Association of American Medical Colleges [MM-0579-03/03]; National Cancer Institute [R25 CA078447] FX A cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Association of American Medical Colleges grant no. U36/CCU319276 and Association of American Medical Colleges ID no. MM-0579-03/03. C.M. Nielson was supported by National Cancer Institute grant R25 CA078447. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1083 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0447 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 432HV UT WOS:000265125000008 PM 19318438 ER PT J AU McKean-Cowdin, R Barnholtz-Sloan, J Inskip, PD Ruder, AM Butler, M Rajaraman, P Razavi, P Patoka, J Wiencke, JK Bondy, ML Wrensch, M AF McKean-Cowdin, Roberta Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill Inskip, Peter D. Ruder, Avima M. Butler, MaryAnn Rajaraman, Preetha Razavi, Pedram Patoka, Joe Wiencke, John K. Bondy, Melissa L. Wrensch, Margaret TI Associations between Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and Glioblastoma SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID EXCISION-REPAIR; BRAIN-TUMORS; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HUMAN GLIOMAS; CANCER; RISK; ERCC2; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A pooled analysis was conducted to examine the association between select variants in DNA repair genes and glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and deadliest form of adult brain tumors. Genetic data for similar to 1,000 glioblastoma multiforme cases and 2,000 controls were combined from four centers in the United States that have conducted case-control studies on adult glioblastoma multiforme, including the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and the University of California at San Francisco. Twelve DNA repair single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected for investigation in the pilot collaborative project. The C allele of the PARP1 rs1136410 variant was associated with a 20% reduction in risk for glioblastoma multiforme (odds ratio(CT) (or) (CC), 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.95). A 44% increase in risk for glioblastoma multiforme was found for individuals homozygous for the G allele of the PRK-DC rs7003908 variant (odds ratioGG, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.84); there was a statistically significant trend (P = 0.009) with increasing number of G alleles. A significant, protective effect was found when three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (ERCC2 rs13181, ERCC1 rs3212986, and GLTSCR1 rs1035938) located near each other on chromosome 19 were modeled as a haplotype. The most common haplotype (AGC) was associated with a 23% reduction in risk (P = 0.03) compared with all other haplotypes combined. Few studies have reported on the associations between variants in DNA repair genes and brain tumors, and few specifically have examined their impact on glioblastoma multiforme. Our results suggest that common variation in DNA repair genes may be associated with risk for glioblastoma multiforme. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):1118-26) C1 [McKean-Cowdin, Roberta] Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Case Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Inskip, Peter D.; Rajaraman, Preetha] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ruder, Avima M.; Butler, MaryAnn] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Patoka, Joe; Wiencke, John K.; Wrensch, Margaret] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bondy, Melissa L.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McKean-Cowdin, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Mailstop 44,Room 4419,1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM mckeanco@usc.edu RI Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill/A-4817-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 FU The National Brain Tumor Foundation, National Cancer Institute [R01CA52689, P50CA097257]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health operating funds, National Cancer Institute [R01CA070917]; the Ron Ross, MD Memorial Cancer Research Fund; Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services FX The National Brain Tumor Foundation, National Cancer Institute R01CA52689 and P50CA097257 (M. Wrensch, principal investigator); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health operating funds, National Cancer Institute R01CA070917 (M. Bondy, principal investigator); the Ron Ross, MD Memorial Cancer Research Fund; and the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 51 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1126 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1078 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 432HV UT WOS:000265125000013 PM 19318434 ER PT J AU Chace, DH Lim, T Hansen, CR Adam, BW Hannon, WH AF Chace, Donald H. Lim, Timothy Hansen, Christina R. Adam, Barbara W. Hannon, W. Harry TI Quantification of malonylcarnitine in dried blood spots by use of MS/MS varies by stable isotope internal standard composition SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE MS/MS; Acylcarnitines; Quality control; Isotope dilution; Internal standards ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COA DECARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; PHENYLALANINE; SPECIMENS; CARNITINE; NEWBORNS AB Background: The utilization of MS/MS for the analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines from dried blood spots (DBS) is routine in many newborn screening (NBS) laboratories. Recently, malonylcarnitine (C3DC) was shown to be elevated in the DBS of affected infants with malonic acidemia. Quantitative features were unknown, so that its measurement was an approximation. Synthesis of malonylcarnitine enabled both a study in the analytical characteristics of C3DC and a survey of its measurement in NBS laboratories. Methods: Malonylcarnitine was enriched in blood and spotted onto filter paper cards. The DBS were sent to several laboratories for analysis, and the results were returned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for evaluation. Reports included a description of the MS/MS method utilized. Results: A pilot proficiency survey shows a bimodal distribution of data from 98 laboratories. Analysis of proficiency data reveals the use of different stable isotope internal standards for quantification. Analysis of standard, labeled or unlabelled ((2)H(3)-octanoylcarnitine (C8), glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) and malonylcarnitine (C3DC) revealed significantly different ion detection values. Quantification in laboratories is based on the ratio of the metabolite in question to a reference stable isotope standard. Conclusions: Quantification of metabolites depends upon the reference isotope standard utilized. Quantification requires describing the standards used for estimation of concentration (a pseudoconcentration) and a notation that includes a reference to the isotope standard used. This descriptive method will enable harmonization of data in screening laboratories. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chace, Donald H.; Hansen, Christina R.] Pediat Med Grp Inc, Ctr Res & Educ, Pediat Analyt, Sunrise, FL 33323 USA. [Lim, Timothy; Adam, Barbara W.; Hannon, W. Harry] CDC, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chace, DH (reprint author), Pediat Med Grp Inc, Ctr Res & Educ, Pediat Analyt, 1301 Concord Terrace, Sunrise, FL 33323 USA. EM donald.chace@pediatrix.com NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD APR PY 2009 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.035 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 425EB UT WOS:000264618700003 PM 19041298 ER PT J AU Cordovado, SK Earley, MC Hendrix, M Driscoll-Dunn, R Glass, M Mueller, PW Hannon, WH AF Cordovado, Suzanne K. Earley, Marie C. Hendrix, Miyono Driscoll-Dunn, Rena Glass, Michael Mueller, Patricia W. Hannon, W. Harry TI Assessment of DNA contamination from dried blood spots and determination of DNA yield and function using archival newborn dried blood spots SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Dried blood spots; DNA; Contamination; Amplification; Short tandem repeats; Degradation ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GUIDELINES; QUALITY; STORAGE AB Background: Residual dried blood spots (DBS) from newborn screening programs are often stored for years and are sometimes used for epidemiological studies. Because there is potential for DNA cross-contamination from specimen-to-specimen contact, we determined contamination levels following intentional contact and assessed archival DBS DNA degradation after storage in an uncontrolled environment. Methods: DBS from healthy adult females were rubbed with DBS from healthy or cystic fibrosis (CF)-affected adult males. Total human and male DNA was measured from the female DBS. Contamination levels were assessed using short tandem repeats (STRs). Female DBS contaminated with CF male DNA containing the F508del were analyzed for presence of this mutation. Archival DBS DNA amplification efficiency was determined using STR analysis. Results: Most female DBS were contaminated, however only one specimen showed an incomplete SUR profile consistent with contaminating CF-affected male DNA. Further testing by CF mutation screening was negative. DNA extracted from archival DBS showed robust amplification (range 100 bp-320 bp). Conclusions: Lightly abrasive contact between DBS resulted in DNA cross-contamination. The contaminating DNA did not interfere in CF-mutation tests; however this should be determined for individual assays. Since DNA from archival DBS robustly amplifies, newborn DBS could provide an invaluable resource for public health studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cordovado, Suzanne K.; Earley, Marie C.; Hendrix, Miyono; Driscoll-Dunn, Rena; Mueller, Patricia W.; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Glass, Michael] Washington State Dept Hlth, Newborn Screening Program, Shoreline, WA USA. RP Cordovado, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM snc4@cdc.gov FU U.S Department of Energy FX The authors wish to thank colleagues Victor De Jesus, Christopher Greene, Joanne Mei and Laura Hancock from the Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch at CDC for critical comments. Rena Driscoll-Dunn is funded by the Research Participation Program at CDC, an interagency agreement with the U.S Department of Energy administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD APR PY 2009 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.12.028 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 425EB UT WOS:000264618700019 PM 19161996 ER PT J AU Kugeler, KJ Mead, PS Janusz, AM Staples, JE Kubota, KA Chalcraft, LG Petersen, JM AF Kugeler, Kiersten J. Mead, Paul S. Janusz, Aimee M. Staples, J. Erin Kubota, Kristy A. Chalcraft, Linda G. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Molecular Epidemiology of Francisella tularensis in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-BITE; TULAREMIA; EVOLUTION AB Background. In the United States, tularemia is caused by Francisella tularensis subsps. tularensis (type A) and holarctica (type B). Molecular subtyping has further divided type A into 2 subpopulations, A1 and A2. Significant mortality differences were previously identified between human infections caused by A1 (14%), A2 (0%) and type B (7%). To verify these findings and to further define differences among genotypes, we performed a large-scale molecular epidemiologic analysis of F. tularensis isolates from humans and animals. Methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with PmeI was performed on 302 type A and 61 type B isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern and epidemiologic analyses were performed. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with human mortality. Results. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing identified 4 distinct type A genotypes, A1a, A1b, A2a, and A2b, as well as type B. Genotypic and geographic divisions observed among isolates from humans were mirrored among isolates from animals, specifically among animal species that are linked to human infection and to enzootic maintenance of tularemia. Significant differences between human infections caused by different genotypes were identified with respect to patient age, site of organism recovery, and mortality. Human infections due to A1b resulted in significantly higher mortality (24%) than those caused by A1a (4%), A2 (0%), and type B (7%). Conclusions. Three type A genotypes, A1a, A1b, and A2, were shown to be epidemiologically important. Our analysis suggests that A1b strains may be significantly more virulent in humans than A1a, A2, or type B strains. These findings have important implications for disease progression, disease prevention, and basic research programs. C1 [Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Mead, Paul S.; Janusz, Aimee M.; Staples, J. Erin; Kubota, Kristy A.; Chalcraft, Linda G.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM zp0@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1086/597261 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414WU UT WOS:000263896700003 PM 19245342 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Yagi, S Gavali, S Michelson, D Raghavan, R Blomquist, I Glastonbury, C Bollen, AW Scharnhorst, D Reed, SL Kuriyama, S Visvesvara, GS Glaser, CA AF Schuster, Frederick L. Yagi, Shigeo Gavali, Shilpa Michelson, David Raghavan, Ravi Blomquist, Ingrid Glastonbury, Christine Bollen, Andrew W. Scharnhorst, David Reed, Sharon L. Kuriyama, Steve Visvesvara, Govinda S. Glaser, Carol A. TI Under the Radar: Balamuthia Amebic Encephalitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; PATIENT; AGENT; PCR; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. We present data from 9 years (1999-2008) of tests for Balamuthia mandrillaris, an agent of amebic encephalitis that were conducted as part of the California Encephalitis Project. Methods. Specimens obtained from patients with encephalitis were sent to the California Encephalitis Project for diagnostic testing; a subset of these specimens were tested for Balamuthia species. Tests included indirect immunofluorescent staining of sections for amebae, fluorescent antibody staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum titers, and polymerase chain reaction for Balamuthia 16S mitochondrial DNA. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with diverse types of encephalitis were also tested for a broad range of cytokines. Results. Of>3500 cases referred to the California Encephalitis Project, 10 were found to be amebic encephalitis on the basis of serologic and CSF tests and examination of stained tissue sections. Most of these cases would have been described as "encephalitis of unknown origin" if it were not for the California Encephalitis Project. Nine of the 10 patients were male; ages ranged from 1.5 to 72 years. All patients had abnormal neuroimaging findings and abnormal CSF composition. The more common symptoms at presentation included headache, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and lethargy. CSF specimens from patients with Balamuthia infection had significant elevations in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, compared with specimens obtained from persons with viral or noninfectious encephalitides. Conclusions. Balamuthiasis is difficult to diagnose, and it is likely that cases go unrecognized because clinicians and laboratorians are unfamiliar with the disease. Alerting the medical community to this disease may lead to earlier diagnosis and improve the chances of survival. C1 [Glaser, Carol A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Michelson, David; Raghavan, Ravi; Blomquist, Ingrid] Loma Linda Childrens Hosp, Loma Linda, CA USA. [Glastonbury, Christine] Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bollen, Andrew W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Scharnhorst, David] Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Madera, CA USA. [Reed, Sharon L.; Kuriyama, Steve] Palomar Med Ctr, Escondido, CA USA. [Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM cglaser@ca.gov OI Michelson, David/0000-0002-0600-3523; GLASTONBURY, CHRISTINE/0000-0002-9611-1287 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCUP915546-09] FX Financial support. Emerging Infectious Diseases Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCUP915546-09). NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 879 EP 887 DI 10.1086/597260 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414WU UT WOS:000263896700005 PM 19236272 ER PT J AU Weiss, D Stern, EJ Zimmerman, C Bregman, B Yeung, A Das, D Dentinger, CM Marx, MA Kornblum, J Lee, L Halse, TA Mayer, LW Hatcher, CP Theodore, MJ Schmink, S Harcourt, BH Zucker, JR Layton, M Clark, TA AF Weiss, Don Stern, Eric J. Zimmerman, Christopher Bregman, Brooke Yeung, Alice Das, Debjani Dentinger, Catherine M. Marx, Melissa A. Kornblum, John Lee, Lillian Halse, Tanya A. Mayer, Leonard W. Hatcher, Cynthia P. Theodore, M. Jordan Schmink, Susanna Harcourt, Brian H. Zucker, Jane R. Layton, Marci Clark, Thomas A. CA New York City Meningococcal Invest TI Epidemiologic Investigation and Targeted Vaccination Initiative in Response to an Outbreak of Meningococcal Disease among Illicit Drug Users in Brooklyn, New York SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-C; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; CARRIAGE; INFECTION; METHADONE; STUDENTS; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Background. An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease that involved illicit drug users and their contacts occurred in Brooklyn, New York, during 2005 and 2006. Methods. The objectives of this study were to identify the population at risk for meningococcal disease, describe efforts to interrupt disease transmission, and assess the impact of a vaccine initiative. Descriptive and molecular epidemiological analysis was used to define the extent of the outbreak and the common risk factors among outbreak-related cases. A vaccine initiative that used community-based service providers was targeted to illicit drug users and their close contacts. The vaccine initiative was assessed through cessation of outbreak-related cases and the reduction in carriage rate. Results. The investigation identified 23 outbreak-related cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease; 17 isolates were indistinguishable and 4 isolates were closely related according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two additional culture-negative cases had epidemiological links to laboratory-confirmed cases. The median age of patients with outbreak-related cases was 41 years, and 19 (83%) of 23 patients reported an association with illicit drug use. There were 7 outbreak-related deaths. Vaccination was administered to 2763 persons at 29 community locations, including methadone treatment centers, syringe-exchange programs, and soup kitchens. Three additional cases of meningococcal disease due to strains with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern were identified after the vaccination initiative. Conclusions. Community-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease are difficult to control, and the decision to vaccinate is not straightforward. Current national guidelines for implementing a vaccination campaign are not strict criteria and cannot be expected to accommodate the myriad of factors that occur in community-based invasive meningococcal disease outbreaks, such as the inability to enumerate the population at risk. C1 [Weiss, Don] Bur Communicable Dis, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Halse, Tanya A.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Dentinger, Catherine M.] Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mayer, Leonard W.; Hatcher, Cynthia P.; Theodore, M. Jordan; Schmink, Susanna; Harcourt, Brian H.; Clark, Thomas A.] Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zucker, Jane R.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Programs Operat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stern, Eric J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program Off, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weiss, D (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Box 22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM DWeiss@health.nyc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U50CI223667]; Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement [5U90TP221298-07] FX Financial support. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the 2006 Immunization Grant Program, the Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases Cooperative Agreement (5U50CI223667), and the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement (5U90TP221298-07). NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1086/597257 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414WU UT WOS:000263896700007 PM 19231975 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, Goro TI Emergence of the Severe Syndrome and Mortality Associated with Dengue and Dengue-Like Illness: Historical Records (1890 to 1950) and Their Compatibility with Current Hypotheses on the Shift of Disease Manifestation SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS INFECTION; YELLOW-FEVER; PUERTO-RICO; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC; THAILAND; PATHOGENESIS; CHIKUNGUNYA; EVOLUTION AB Outbreaks of the severe dengue syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), emerged beginning in the 1950s, marking a dramatic change in the dengue syndrome. While intense investigations in multiple directions have been conducted for many years to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms conducive to the development of DHF, no consensus has yet emerged. Meanwhile, relatively little attention has been paid to the occurrence of severe dengue and death prior to the 1950s. This comprehensive review was designed to evaluate outbreak records in the early dengue history to better understand the epidemiologic background and other factors that existed before the emergence of DHF outbreaks. By applying a set of stringent criteria to remove unreliable data as much as possible and by interpreting the results conservatively, a short list of etiologically more reliable outbreaks with high mortality was obtained. The results show that severe dengue syndrome, clinically very much compatible with DHF, occurred far more frequently in multiple locations than it had been assumed before; that the magnitudes of mortality in several outbreaks were not negligible; and that the epidemiologic background features shared among these outbreaks in the early period were, with the exceptions of more limited demographic changes, generally similar to the post-1950 conditions. C1 [Kuno, Goro] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 172 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 186 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00052-08 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 432UZ UT WOS:000265161100002 PM 19366911 ER PT J AU LoBue, P AF LoBue, Philip TI Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; tuberculosis ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCE AB Purpose of review To describe the origin, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). Recent findings XDR TB is defined as the occurrence of TB in persons whose Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates are resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin), As of June 2008, XDR TB has been found in 49 countries including the United States. It generally takes several weeks to detect XDR TB using conventional culture-based methods, although some progress is being made in developing rapid molecular tests. Treatment for XDR TB is difficult, usually requiring at least 18-24 months of four to six second-line anti-TB drugs. Treatment success rates are generally 30-50%, with very poor outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Management of contacts to infectious XDR TB patients is complicated by the lack of a proven effective treatment for XDR latent tuberculosis infection. Summary XDR TB is an emerging global health threat. The disease is difficult and expensive to diagnose and treat, and outcomes are frequently poor. New rapid diagnostic tests and new classes of anti-TB drugs are needed to successfully combat this global problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LoBue, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plobue@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283229fab PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 429YI UT WOS:000264955600013 PM 19283912 ER PT J AU Raj, A Reed, E Santana, MC Walley, AY Welles, SL Horsburgh, CR Flores, SA Silverman, JG AF Raj, Anita Reed, Elizabeth Santana, M. Christina Walley, Alexander Y. Welles, Seth L. Horsburgh, C. Robert Flores, Stephen A. Silverman, Jay G. TI The associations of binge alcohol use with HIV/STI risk and diagnosis among heterosexual African American men SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE Binge alcohol use; HIV/STI; Sexual behavior ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; SENSATION SEEKING; AUDIO COMPUTER; INFECTION; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Background: Studies on the mechanisms of the association between illicit drug use and HIV/STI provide important insight into why there are disproportionate rates of HIV/STI among heterosexual African American men; far less work has been conducted to examine the associations between binge alcohol use and HIV/STI risks in this Population. Objective: To assess whether binge alcohol use is associated with risky sexual behaviors and recent HIV/STI diagnosis among heterosexual African American men reporting multiple sex partners in the past year. Methods: Participants (n=672) were heterosexually active African American men age 18-65 years recruited from urban health centers and clinics ill Boston, MA, and who participated in a health sur vey. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between past 30 day binge drinking and the following outcome variables: unprotected sex, six or more sex partners in the past year, sex trade involvement, and past 6 month HIV/STI diagnosis. Analyses were adjusted to control demographics, incarceration history, illicit drug use, and injection drug use. Results: Significant associations were observed between binge alcohol use and unprotected vaginal sex with non-main female partners (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.3), unprotected anal sex with non main female partners (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4-4.0), sex trade involvement (AOR = 2.1. 95% CI = 1.3-3.5), and recent HIV/STI diagnosis (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.05-3.6). Conclusion: Heterosexual African American men engaging in binge alcohol use may be at increased risk for HIV/STI; findings support the need for integrating alcohol risk reduction into HIV prevention programs targeting this population. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Raj, Anita] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Social Behav Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Reed, Elizabeth] Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Santana, M. Christina] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Womens Ctr Excellence COE Unit, Gen Internal Med Sect,Dept Med,Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Walley, Alexander Y.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Addict Res & Educ CARE Unit, Gen Internal Med Sect,Dept Med,Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Welles, Seth L.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Horsburgh, C. Robert] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Flores, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Silverman, Jay G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Raj, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Social Behav Sci Dept, 715 Albany St,T2W, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM anitaraj@bu.edu OI Horsburgh, C./0000-0001-6838-7895; Walley, Alexander/0000-0002-8158-4882 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [CCU123364] FX This project was funded under a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (grant number: CCU123364). Dr. Stephen A. Flores, CDC project officer on this Study was involved with the development of this paper and is included as an author on the paper. However, the findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.11.008 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 422KS UT WOS:000264427200015 PM 19117698 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Burkom, H Xing, J English, R Bloom, S Cox, K Pavlin, JA AF Tokars, Jerome I. Burkom, Howard Xing, Jian English, Roseanne Bloom, Steven Cox, Kenneth Pavlin, Julie A. TI Enhancing Time-Series Detection Algorithms for Automated Biosurveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE AB BioSense is a US national system that uses data from health information systems for automated disease surveillance. We studied 4 time-series algorithm modifications designed to improve sensitivity for detecting artificially added data. To test these modified algorithms, we used reports of daily syndrome visits from 308 Department of Defense (DoD) facilities and 340 hospital emergency departments (EDs). At a constant alert rate of 1%, sensitivity was improved for both datasets by using a minimum standard deviation (SD) of 1.0, a 14-28 day baseline duration for calculating mean and SD, and an adjustment for total clinic visits as a surrogate denominator. Stratifying baseline days into weekdays versus weekends to account for day-of-week effects increased sensitivity for the DoD data but not for the ED data. These enhanced methods may increase sensitivity without increasing the alert rate and may improve the ability to detect outbreaks by using automated surveillance system data. C1 [Tokars, Jerome I.; Xing, Jian; English, Roseanne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Burkom, Howard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bloom, Steven] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Cox, Kenneth] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E51, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jit1@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI burkom, howard/0000-0003-0667-9467 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.3201/eid1504.080616 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900003 PM 19331728 ER PT J AU Mendes, MO Moraes, MAP Renoiner, EIM Dantas, MHP Lanzieri, TM Fonseca, CF Luna, EJA Hatch, DL AF Mendes, Marcia O. Moraes, Mario A. P. Renoiner, Ernesto I. M. Dantas, Marta H. P. Lanzieri, Tatiania M. Fonseca, Carlos F. Luna, Expedito J. A. Hatch, Douglas L. TI Acute Conjunctivitis with Episcleritis and Anterior Uveitis Linked to Adiaspiromycosis and Freshwater Sponges, Amazon Region, Brazil, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY ADIASPIROMYCOSIS AB We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of ocular disease among children to determine whether the disease was linked to Emmonsia sp., a rarely-reported fungus and an agent of adiaspiromycosis. Using an unmatched case-control study design, we compared case-patients with asymptomatic controls randomly selected from the population. Scleral biopsies were analyzed microscopically. Of 5,084 children examined, 99 case-patients were identified; mean age (+1 SID) was 11.0 +/- 4.4 years. Symptoms included photophobia (57%), ocular pain (42%), and blurred vision (40%). In the multivariate analysis, risk factors included diving in the Araguaia River (odds ratio 5.2; 95% confidence interval 2.4-12.0). Microscopy identified foreign bodies consistent with adiaconidia. This outbreak probably resulted from foreign-body-type reactions to adiaspiromycosis conidia after initial irritation caused by conjunctival contact with spicules of sponges in the river. Symptomatic children responded to corticosteroid treatment. Adiaspiromycosis is a preventable cause of ocular disease in the Amazon region. C1 [Mendes, Marcia O.; Renoiner, Ernesto I. M.; Dantas, Marta H. P.; Lanzieri, Tatiania M.; Luna, Expedito J. A.] Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Moraes, Mario A. P.] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Fonseca, Carlos F.] Reference Hosp Augustinopolis, Augustinopolis, Brazil. [Hatch, Douglas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hatch, Douglas L.] Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Mendes, MO (reprint author), Minist Saude Esplanada Minist, SVS, CGDT, EPISUS, Bloco G,Ed Sede Sala 122, BR-70058900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM ooteman@gmail.com RI Luna, Expedito/B-7948-2012 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.3201/eid1504.081281 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900034 PM 19331759 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Gotuzzo, E Blair, P Nix, WA Ksiazek, TG Comer, JA Rollin, P Goldsmith, CS Olson, J Kochel, TJ AF Oberste, M. Steven Gotuzzo, Eduardo Blair, Patrick Nix, W. Allan Ksiazek, Thomas G. Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Olson, James Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Human Febrile Illness Caused by Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; DISEASE; CARDIOVIRUSES; POPULATIONS AB Etiologic studies of acute febrile disease were conducted in sites across South America, including Cusco and Iquitos, Peru. Patients' clinical signs and symptoms were recorded, and acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples were obtained for serologic examination and virus isolation in Vero E6 and C6/36 cells. Virus isolated in Vero E6 cells was identified as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by electron microscopy and by subsequent molecular diagnostic testing of samples from 2 febrile patients with nausea, headache, and dyspnea. The virus was recovered from acute-phase serum samples from both case-patients and identified with cardiovirus-specific reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing. Serum samples from case-patient 1 showed cardiovirus antibody by immunoglobulin M ELISA (acute phase <8, convalescent phase >1,024) and by neutralization assay (acute phase <10, convalescent phase >11,280). Serum samples from case-patient 2 did not contain antibodies detectable by either assay. Detection of virus in serum strongly supports a role for EMCV in human infection and febrile illness. C1 [Oberste, M. Steven; Nix, W. Allan; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gotuzzo, Eduardo] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Blair, Patrick; Olson, James; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov FU GEIS, Lima, Peru [47705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX This study was supported by Work Unit No. 47705.82000.25GB.B0016, GEIS, Lima, Peru. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.3201/eid1504.081428 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900035 PM 19331761 ER PT J AU Nobrega, AA Garcia, MH Tatto, E Obara, MT Costa, E Sobel, J Araujo, WN AF Nobrega, Aglaer A. Garcia, Marcio H. Tatto, Erica Obara, Marcos T. Costa, Elenild Sobel, Jeremy Araujo, Wildo N. TI Oral Transmission of Chagas Disease by Consumption of Acai Palm Fruit, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2006, a total of 178 cases of acute Chagas disease were reported from the Amazonian state of Para, Brazil. Eleven occurred in Barcarena and were confirmed by visualization of parasites on blood smears. Using cohort and case-control studies, we implicated oral transmission by consumption of acai palm fruit. C1 [Nobrega, Aglaer A.; Garcia, Marcio H.; Tatto, Erica; Obara, Marcos T.; Araujo, Wildo N.] Brazilian Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Tatto, Erica] Secretariat Publ Hlth, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Araujo, Wildo N.] Goncalo Muniz Inst, Salvador, BA, Brazil. RP Nobrega, AA (reprint author), Secretariat Surveillance Hlth, Minist Hlth, SCS Quadra 4 Bloco A,Edificio Pricipal,6 Andar, BR-70304000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM aglaeran@yahoo.com.br OI Araujo, Wildo/0000-0002-6856-4094 NR 12 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 653 EP 655 DI 10.3201/eid1504.081450 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900038 PM 19331764 ER PT J AU Santana-Porto, EA Oliveira, AA da Costa, MRM Pinheiro, A Oliveira, C Lopes, ML Pereira, LE Sacchi, C Araujo, WN Sobel, J AF Santana-Porto, Eucilene A. Oliveira, Adriana A. da Costa, Marcos R. M. Pinheiro, Amiraldo Oliveira, Consuelo Lopes, Maria L. Pereira, Luiz E. Sacchi, Claudio Araujo, Wildo N. Sobel, Jeremy TI Suspected Brazilian Purpuric Fever, Brazilian Amazon Region SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Santana-Porto, Eucilene A.] Secretariat Surveillance Hlth, Minist Hlth, BR-70304000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [da Costa, Marcos R. M.] Municipal Secretariat Hlth, Anajas, Brazil. [Pinheiro, Amiraldo] Secretariat Hlth Para State, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Oliveira, Consuelo; Lopes, Maria L.] Minist Hlth, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Pereira, Luiz E.; Sacchi, Claudio] Secretariat Hlth Sao Paulo State, Inst Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Santana-Porto, EA (reprint author), Secretariat Surveillance Hlth, Minist Hlth, SCS Quadra 04,Bloco A,Edificio Cent 6A Andar, BR-70304000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM eucilene.porto@saude.gov.br OI Araujo, Wildo/0000-0002-6856-4094 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 675 EP 676 DI 10.3201/eid1504.090014 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900045 PM 19331772 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI When You Were a Tadpole and I Was a Fish SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 682 EP 683 DI 10.3201/eid1504.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900049 PM 19331776 ER PT J AU Weisel, CP Richardson, SD Nemery, B Aggazzotti, G Baraldi, E Blatchley, ER Blount, BC Carlsen, KH Eggleston, PA Frimmel, FH Goodman, M Gordon, G Grinshpun, SA Heederik, D Kogevinas, M LaKind, JS Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Piper, FC Sattar, SA AF Weisel, Clifford P. Richardson, Susan D. Nemery, Benoit Aggazzotti, Gabriella Baraldi, Eugenio Blatchley, Ernest R., III Blount, Benjamin C. Carlsen, Kai-Hakon Eggleston, Peyton A. Frimmel, Fritz H. Goodman, Michael Gordon, Gilbert Grinshpun, Sergey A. Heederik, Dirk Kogevinas, Manolis LaKind, Judy S. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Piper, Fontaine C. Sattar, Syed A. TI Childhood Asthma and Environmental Exposures at Swimming Pools: State of the Science and Research Recommendations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE aerosols; biologics; childhood asthma; DBPs; disinfection by-products; epidemiology; study design; swimming pools ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; CHLORINATED POOL; ELITE SWIMMERS; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have explored the potential for swimming pool disinfection by-products (DBPS), which are respiratory irritants, to cause asthma in young children. Here we describe the state of the science on methods for understanding children's exposure to DBPs and biologics at swimming pools and associations with new-onset childhood asthma and recommend a research agenda to improve our understanding of this issue. DATA SOURCES: A workshop was held in Leuven, Belgium, 21-23 August 2007, to evaluate the literature and to develop a research agenda to better understand children's exposures in the swimming pool environment and their potential associations with new-onset asthma. Participants, including clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure scientists, pool operations experts, and chemists, reviewed the literature, prepared background summaries, and held extensive discussions on the relevant published studies, knowledge of asthma characterization and exposures at swimming pools, and epidemiologic study designs. SYNTHESIS: Childhood swimming and new-onset childhood asthma have clear implications for public health. If attendance at indoor pools increases risk of childhood asthma, then concerns are warranted and action is necessary. If there is no such relationship, these concerns could unnecessarily deter children from indoor swimming and/or compromise water disinfection. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence of an association between childhood swimming and new-onset asthma is suggestive but not conclusive. Important data gaps need to be filled, particularly in exposure assessment and characterization of asthma in the very young. Participants recommended that additional evaluations using a multidisciplinary approach are needed to determine whether a dear association exists. C1 [Weisel, Clifford P.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Nemery, Benoit] Catholic Univ Leuven, Res Unit Lung Toxicol, Lab Pneumol, Louvain, Belgium. [Aggazzotti, Gabriella] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Sci Sanita Pubbl, Modena, Italy. [Baraldi, Eugenio] Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Unit Allergy & Resp Med, Padua, Italy. [Blatchley, Ernest R., III] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carlsen, Kai-Hakon] Univ Oslo, Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway. [Eggleston, Peyton A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Frimmel, Fritz H.] Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, Dept Water Chem, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Goodman, Michael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gordon, Gilbert] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Grinshpun, Sergey A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Heederik, Dirk] Univ Utrecht, Netherlands Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM Hosp Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Kogevinas, Manolis] Univ Crete, Sch Med, Iraklion, Greece. [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. [Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.] Parc Recerca Biomed Barcelona, Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. [Piper, Fontaine C.] Truman State Univ, Educ Comm Natl Swimming Pool Fdn, Bushkill, PA USA. [Sattar, Syed A.] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ctr Res Environm Microbiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Weisel, CP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Room 314,170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM weisel@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Aggazzotti, Gabriella/P-5046-2015; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; OI Aggazzotti, Gabriella/0000-0002-2497-9941; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981; BARALDI, EUGENIO/0000-0002-1829-3652 FU World Chlorine Council; DuPont Experimental Station; National Swimming Pool Foundation; American Chemistry Council FX All participants received support for travel and/or lodging, and C.P.W., G.A., E.B., E.R.B., K.-H.C., P.A.E., F.H.F., M.G., G.G., S.G., D.H., F.C.P., and S.S. also received an honorarium. The Research Unit of Lung Toxicology of the Catholic University of Leuven received an honorarium, and J.S.L. received support for her role as workshop facilitator firm the Research foundation for Health and Environment, and consults to industry and government. E.R.B. has received grants for research on swimming pool chemistry from DuPont Experimental Station, the National Swimming Pool Foundation, and the American Chemistry Council. S.A.S.'s academic center receives research contracts from makers of environmental surface disinfectants and hand antiseptics; he advises many such companies through his company Canlinks International, and is on the board of directors of Virox Tech. The other authors declare they have no competing financial interests. NR 86 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1289/ehp.11513 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500021 PM 19440486 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Garfinkel, R Hoepner, LA Andrews, H Holmes, D Williams, MK Reyes, A Diaz, D Perera, FP Camann, DE Barr, DB AF Whyatt, Robin M. Garfinkel, Robin Hoepner, Lori A. Andrews, Howard Holmes, Darrell Williams, Megan K. Reyes, Andria Diaz, Diurka Perera, Frederica P. Camann, David E. Barr, Dana B. TI A Biomarker Validation Study of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure within an Inner-City Cohort during Pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; chlorpyrifos; cord blood; indoor air; maternal blood; meconium; pregnancy; urine ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; FETAL EXPOSURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MECONIUM ANALYSIS; IN-UTERO; INSECTICIDE EXPOSURES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; METABOLITE LEVELS; BIRTH OUTCOMES AB BACKGROUND: We previously documented significant decreases in chlorpyrifos concentrations in maternal personal and indoor air samples among pregnant African-American and Dominican women from New York City after the 2000-2001 restrictions on its residential use. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a biomarker validation study within the same cohort to evaluate trends over time in multiple biomarkers of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure. METHODS: Subjects were enrolled between February 2001 and May 2004 (n = 102). We measured 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) in postpartum meconium (n = 83), repeat prenatal maternal spot urine samples (n = 253), and postnatal urine from the mothers (n = 73) and newborns (n = 59). We measured chlorpyrifos in postnatal maternal (n = 92) and umbilical cord (n = 65) blood. RESULTS: We did not detect TCPy in infant urine, but all other biomarkers showed a highly significant decrease in detection frequencies (chi(2) = 7.8-34.0, p <= 0.005) and mean ranks (p <= 0.006, Kruskal-Wallis) among subjects enrolled in 2003-2004 compared with those enrolled in 2001-2002. Chlorpyrifos in maternal personal and indoor air declined 2- to 3-fold over the same period (P < 0.05). In 2001-2002 samples, TCPy levels in repeat prenatal urine were positively correlated (r = 0.23-0-56), but within-subject variability exceeded between-subject variability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.43); indoor air levels explained 19% of the variance in prenatal urine TCPy (p = 0.001). Meconium TCPy concentrations were positively correlated with chlorpyrifos in maternal and cord blood (r = 0.25-0.33, p < 0.05) and with TCPy in maternal urine (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the biomarkers are reliable dosimeters to differentiate between groups with prenatal chlorpyrifos exposures varying by a factor of 2 or more and vividly illustrate the efficacy of residential restriction on chlorpyrifos to reduce the internal dose during pregnancy. C1 [Whyatt, Robin M.; Garfinkel, Robin; Hoepner, Lori A.; Andrews, Howard; Holmes, Darrell; Williams, Megan K.; Reyes, Andria; Diaz, Diurka; Perera, Frederica P.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Camann, David E.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rmw5@columbia.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Hoepner, Lori/0000-0002-4404-8140 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P50 ES09600, R01 ES08977, R01 ES11158]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R827027, R82860901] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants P50 ES09600, R01 ES08977, and R01 ES11158 and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grants R827027 and R82860901. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800041 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500029 PM 19440494 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Weuve, J Ye, XY Jia, LT Hu, H Ringer, S Huttner, K Hauser, R AF Calafat, Antonia M. Weuve, Jennifer Ye, Xiaoyun Jia, Lily T. Hu, Howard Ringer, Steven Huttner, Ken Hauser, Russ TI Exposure to Bisphenol A and Other Phenols in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Premature Infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE benzophenone; biomonitoring; BPA; glucuronidation; neonate; NICU; paraben; triclosan ID ESTROGENIC ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOLS; US POPULATION; HUMAN-LIVER; MALE RATS; HEALTH; PARABENS; MICE AB OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastic medical devices containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was associated with higher urinary concentrations of several DEHP metabolites in 54 premature infants in two neonatal intensive care units than in the general population. For 42 of these infants, we evaluated urinary concentrations of several phenols, including bisphenol A (BPA), in association with the use of the same medical devices. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the urinary concentrations of free and total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA, triclosan, benzophenone-3, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. RESULTS: The percentage of BPA present as its conjugated species was > 90% in more than three-quarters of the premature infants. Intensity of rise of products containing DEHP was strongly associated with BPA total concentrations but not with any other phenol. Adjusting for institution and sex, BPA total concentrations among infants in the group of high use of DEHP-containing products were 8.75 times as high as among infants in the low use group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, after adjusting for sex and DEHP-containing product use category, BPA total concentrations among infants in Institution A were 16.6 times as high as those among infants in Institution B (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: BPA geometric mean urinary concentration (30.3 mu g/L) among premature infants undergoing intensive therapeutic medical interventions was one order of magnitude higher than that among the general population. Conjugated species were the primary urinary metabolites of BPA, suggesting that premature infants have some capacity to metabolize BPA. The differences in exposure to BPA by intensity of use of DEHP-containing medical products highlight the need for further studies to determine the specific source(s) of exposure to BPA. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Weuve, Jennifer] Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Weuve, Jennifer; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Howard] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hu, Howard] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ringer, Steven] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Boston, MA USA. [Huttner, Ken] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Neonatol Unit, Boston, MA USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov OI Hu, Howard/0000-0002-3676-2707 NR 49 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 4 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800265 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 426JQ UT WOS:000264704500040 PM 19440505 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Darrow, LA Slama, R Bell, ML Choi, H Glinianaia, S Hoggatt, KJ Karr, CJ Lobdell, DT Wilhelm, M AF Woodruff, Tracey J. Parker, Jennifer D. Darrow, Lyndsey A. Slama, Remy Bell, Michelle L. Choi, Hyunok Glinianaia, Svetlana Hoggatt, Katherine J. Karr, Catherine J. Lobdell, Danelle T. Wilhelm, Michelle TI Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and reproductive health SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Perinatal outcomes; Low birthweight; Preterm delivery; Epidemiologic methods ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PRETERM BIRTH; PARTICULATE MATTER; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; FETAL-GROWTH; LOS-ANGELES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHILDREN BORN AB In the past decade there have been an increasing number of scientific studies describing possible effects of air pollution on perinatal health. These papers have mostly focused on commonly monitored air pollutants, primarily ozone (O(3)), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and various indices of perinatal health, including fetal growth, pregnancy duration, and infant mortality. While most published studies have found some marker of air pollution related to some types of perinatal outcomes, variability exists in the nature of the pollutants and outcomes associated. Synthesis of the findings has been difficult for various reasons, including differences in study design and analysis. A workshop was held in September 2007 to discuss methodological differences in the published studies as a basis for understanding differences in study findings and to identify priorities for future research, including novel approaches for existing data. Four broad topic areas were considered: confounding and effect modification, spatial and temporal exposure variations, vulnerable windows of exposure, and multiple pollutants. Here we present a synopsis of the methodological issues and challenges in each area and make recommendations for future study. Two key recommendations include: (1) parallel analyses of existing data sets using a standardized methodological approach to disentangle true differences in associations from methodological differences among studies; and (2) identification of animal studies to inform important mechanistic research gaps. This work is of critical public health importance because of widespread exposure and because perinatal outcomes are important markets of future child and adult health. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Parker, Jennifer D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Darrow, Lyndsey A.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Slama, Remy] INSERM, Team Environm Epidemiol Appl Fecund & Reprod, U823, Grenoble, France. [Slama, Remy] Univ Grenoble 1, Fac Med, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Bell, Michelle L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Choi, Hyunok] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Glinianaia, Svetlana] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hoggatt, Katherine J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Karr, Catherine J.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wilhelm, Michelle] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), UCSF, 1330 Broadway St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu RI Slama, Remy/M-1755-2013 OI Slama, Remy/0000-0002-8980-8529 NR 53 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 109 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.12.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 426JT UT WOS:000264704800015 PM 19215915 ER PT J AU Kato, K Calafat, AM Wong, LY Wanigatunga, AA Caudill, SP Needham, LL AF Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Wong, Lee-Yang Wanigatunga, Amal A. Caudill, Samuel P. Needham, Larry L. TI Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Pooled Sera from Children Participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; FETAL-GROWTH; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; NHANES 1999-2000; HUMAN EXPOSURE; US POPULATION; BIRTH COHORT; OUTDOOR AIR; HOUSE-DUST AB To assess exposure of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) among children, we measured the concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and 8 other PFCs in 24 pooled serum samples. The individual serum samples used to make the pools were collected from U.S. children who were participants in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. These children were from three major races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican Americans), two age categories (3-5 and 6-11 years), and both sexes. PFCs were extracted from 100 mu L of serum using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ng/mL. In the final ANOVA models, race was the only significant demographic factor, and concentrations appeared to be lower for Mexican Americans than for the other two racial groups. For example, for Mexican American children 6-11 years old, the least-squares means (LSM) estimates were 30.45 ng/mL (PFOS) and 6.125 ng/mL (PFOA), while for non-Hispanic white children of the same age group, the LSM estimates were 42.45 ng/mL (PFOS) and 7.575 ng/mL (PFOA). However, after adjusting for the potential underestimation of variance associated with the sampling design, race did not remain a significant factor. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that human exposure to PFCs among the population groups of children examined may differ and stress the importance of identifying the environmental sources and routes of exposure to PFCs. C1 [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.; Wong, Lee-Yang; Wanigatunga, Amal A.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU National Center for Environmental Health; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Department of Energy; CDC FX We thank Jack Reidy and Xavier Bryant for technical assistance. We also acknowledge Lester R. Curtin, Susan E. Schober, and Geraldine M. McQuillan (NCHS/CDC) for their input in the design of the pools and statistical analysis of the data. This research was supported in part by an appointment (Amal Wanigatunga) to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 48 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2641 EP 2647 DI 10.1021/es803156p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600080 PM 19452929 ER PT J AU Teo, CG AF Teo, C. G. TI Subduing the hepatitis E Python SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Jaundice; maternal mortality; water-borne hepatitis ID E VIRUS-INFECTION; WATER-BORNE HEPATITIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; DRINKING-WATER; HIGH MORTALITY; E EPIDEMIC; E VACCINE; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teo, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM enz0@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1017/S0950268808001295 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 421VI UT WOS:000264386000005 PM 18796176 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH AF Xiao, Lihua TI Overview of Cryptosporidium Presentations at the 10th International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Boston, MA ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; WATER SAMPLES; GOAT KIDS; NEW-YORK; GIARDIA; GENOTYPES; TRANSMISSION; VIABILITY; SPP. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1128/EC.00295-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 431DP UT WOS:000265041800002 PM 19168753 ER PT J AU Feng, YY Dearen, T Cama, V Xiao, LH AF Feng, Yaoyu Dearen, Theresa Cama, Vitaliano Xiao, Lihua TI 90-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein, Hsp90, as a Target for Genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. Known To Infect Humans SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Boston, MA ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; NESTED PCR; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ENDONUCLEASE RESTRICTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PARVUM; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITES; OOCYSTS AB Small-subunit (SSU) rRNA-based methods have been commonly used in the differentiation of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes. In order to develop a new tool for confirming the genotypes of Cryptosporidium species, parts of the 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) genes of seven Cryptosporidium species and genotypes known to infect humans (C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis, C. muris, C. suis, and the cervine genotype), together with one from cattle (C. andersoni), were sequenced and analyzed. With the exception of C. felis from cats and C. baileyi from birds, the Hsp90 genes of all tested Cryptosporidium species were amplified. Phylogenetic analysis of the hsp90 sequences from all these species is congruent with previous studies in which the SSU rRNA, 70-kDa heat shock protein, oocyst wall protein, and actin genes were analyzed and showed that gastric and intestinal parasites segregate into two distinct clades. In this study, the secondary products of hsp90 produced after PCR-restriction fragment length digestion with StyI and HphI or with BbsI showed that parasites within the intestinal or gastric clade could be differentiated from each other. These data confirm the utility of the Hsp90 gene as a sensitive, specific, and robust molecular tool for differentiating species and/or genotypes of Cryptosporidium in clinical specimens. C1 [Dearen, Theresa; Cama, Vitaliano; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; FU NIAID NIH HHS [R13 AI078718] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 EI 1535-9786 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 478 EP 482 DI 10.1128/EC.00294-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 431DP UT WOS:000265041800008 PM 19168758 ER PT J AU Nasrullah, M Haqqi, S Cummings, KJ AF Nasrullah, Muazzam Haqqi, Sobia Cummings, Kristin J. TI The epidemiological patterns of honour killing of women in Pakistan SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cultural practices; gender; honour killing; Karo Kari; Pakistan; violence ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; HEALTH; RISK AB Background: Honour killing (HK) is a problem of public health concern but published data on the phenomenon are limited and many cases likely go unrecognized. Our study focuses on the epidemiological patterns of HK of women in Pakistan, where domestic violence is common and HK occurs but is poorly described. Methods: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) systematically collected data on HK of women using newspaper reports from January 2004 till December 2007. We analysed the aggregated data on HK through December 2007 and estimated the rates of HK. Results: A total of 1957 HK events occurred from 2004 to 2007; complete data was not available for all variables. Adults (18 years) constituted 82 (803/978) of death toll with 88 (1257/1435) being married. Alleged extramarital relation was the major reason for the killing (92; 1759/1902). Husbands (43; 749/1739), brothers (24; 421/1739) and other close relatives (12; 200/1739) were the perpetrators in known HK events. Among the weapons/methods used for killing, firearms (61; 1071/1768), stabbing (4; 65/1768), use of axe (12; 220/1768), edged tool (8;136/1768) and strangulation (9; 167/1768) were the main means of execution. The mean annual rate of HK in females (age 1564 years) was found to be 15.0 per million. Conclusions: Newspaper reports are good source of surveillance when information is limited. We found that adult married women constituted the majority of victims of HK. Ongoing surveillance would serve to better characterize HK in Pakistan and assess the effectiveness of preventive strategies. C1 [Nasrullah, Muazzam] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. [Nasrullah, Muazzam] W Virginia Univ, Injury Control Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Nasrullah, Muazzam] W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Haqqi, Sobia] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Psychiat, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. RP Nasrullah, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM snasrullah@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1093/eurpub/ckp021 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 425QX UT WOS:000264653300017 PM 19286837 ER PT J AU Zeidner, N Ullmann, A Sackal, C Dolan, M Dietrich, G Piesman, J Champagne, D AF Zeidner, Nordin Ullmann, Amy Sackal, Cherilyn Dolan, Marc Dietrich, Gabrielle Piesman, Joseph Champagne, Donald TI A borreliacidal factor in Amblyomma americanum saliva is associated with phospholipase A(2) activity SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Tick saliva; Phospholipase A(2); Amblyomma americanum ticks ID LONE STAR TICK; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; GROUP IIA; BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES; BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE; ACARI; INFECTION; PENETRATION AB Previous work in our laboratory described the in vitro killing of Borrelia burgdorferi when co-cultured with saliva from adult Amblyomma americanum. Borreliacidal activity was not evident using Ixodes scapularis saliva. Mixing trypsin with saliva eliminated the borreliacidal activity of A. americanum saliva, while incorporating a trypsin inhibitor restored all borreliacidal activity, indicating this factor was of protein or peptide origin. One-dimensional PAGE indicated at least 7 major protein differences between I. scapularis and A. americanum saliva. To determine the borreliacidal factor, A americanum saliva was fractionated by gel filtration and subsequent killing of B. burgdorferi was associated with a single fraction. Two-dimensional gel analysis indicated protein and/or peptide(s) in borreliacidal fractions running between 38 and 64 kDa. Finally, admixing saliva with the phospholipase A(2) inhibitor oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine completely eliminated the ability of A. americanum saliva to kill B. burgdorferi. These studies indicate the borreliacidal activity found in A. americanum saliva is likely due to phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zeidner, Nordin; Ullmann, Amy; Sackal, Cherilyn; Dolan, Marc; Dietrich, Gabrielle; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Champagne, Donald] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zeidner, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM naz2@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.01.002 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 420SC UT WOS:000264308500013 PM 19271281 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Stephenson, I AF Sambhara, Suryaprakash Stephenson, Iain TI Moving influenza vaccines forward SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stephenson, Iain] Univ Hosp Leicester, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. [Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Univ Hosp Leicester, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov; iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs.uk NR 4 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1586/ERV.09.10 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 442SM UT WOS:000265860900002 PM 19348553 ER PT J AU Sleet, DA Moffett, DB AF Sleet, David A. Moffett, Daphne B. TI Framing the Problem Injuries and Public Health SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE injury; accidents; public health; health promotion; family health; community health ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To introduce the field of injury control and public health approaches to injury prevention. Methods: A review of injury epidemiology, definitions, intervention approaches, and the importance of injury as a public health problem. Results: Injuries are a large national and international problem affecting families and communities. Injuries are predictable and preventable. Behavioral, environmental, and technological solutions will be necessary to reduce or eliminate injuries. Conclusions: Reductions in injury and their costs to families and communities are possible but will need support, collaboration, and partnering at the local level. C1 [Sleet, David A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Moffett, Daphne B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, F-62,4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dsleet@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 88 EP 97 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424TN UT WOS:000264591300002 PM 19305206 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Chen, J Vance, A Breiding, MJ Simon, T Ballesteros, MF AF Dellinger, Ann M. Chen, Jieru Vance, April Breiding, Matthew J. Simon, Thomas Ballesteros, Michael F. TI Injury Prevention Counseling for Adults Have We Made Progress? SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE behaviors; counseling; healthcare providers; injury ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; HOME AB Injuries area leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Physicians are a trusted source that can disseminate information about the prevention of injury, and violence. This study used the second Injury Control and Risk Survey to report the national prevalence of healthcare provider injury prevention counseling to adults. Results indicate that overall I in 5 adults who visited a healthcare provider received some counseling on injury prevention. Counseling prevalence varied by injury topic and patient demographic characteristics. Many people who could benefit from counseling are not receiving it, even among those who had visited a healthcare provider. C1 [Dellinger, Ann M.; Ballesteros, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chen, Jieru; Vance, April; Breiding, Matthew J.; Simon, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM adellinger@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424TN UT WOS:000264591300006 PM 19305210 ER PT J AU Boyd, R Kresnow, MJ Dellinger, AM AF Boyd, Rebecca Kresnow, Marcie-jo Dellinger, Ann M. TI Alcohol-Impaired Driving and Children in the Household SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE alcohol; child; drunk driving; motor vehicle ID BEHAVIOR; TELEPHONE; DRINKING; DEATHS AB More children in the United States are killed in motor vehicle crashes annually than by any other Cause; nearly a quarter of these deaths involve alcohol. This study examines the national prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver and the association of these behaviors to having at least 1 child in the household. An estimated 2.5 million adult drivers with children living in their households reported that they had been a recent alcohol-impaired driver. Evidence-based approaches, including mass media campaigns and sobriety checkpoints, continue to be critically important public health activities. C1 [Boyd, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boyd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rboyd@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424TN UT WOS:000264591300011 PM 19305215 ER PT J AU Borse, N Sleet, DA AF Borse, Nagesh Sleet, David A. TI CDC Childhood Injury Report Patterns of Unintentional Injuries Among 0-to 19-Year Olds in the United States, 2000-2006 SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Borse, Nagesh; Sleet, David A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Borse, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Nborse@cdc.gov RI Borse, Nagesh/A-9276-2009 NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424TN UT WOS:000264591300013 PM 19305217 ER PT J AU Brant, JO Zhu, JH Quinlivan, E Crider, K Berry, RJ Ling, H Zhu, L Maneval, D Bailey, LB Yang, TP AF Brant, Jason O. Zhu, Jianghui Quinlivan, Eoin Crider, Krista Berry, R. J. Ling, Hao Zhu, Li Maneval, David Bailey, Lynn B. Yang, Thomas P. TI Analysis of locus-specific DNA methylation in response to chronic folic acid supplementation and withdrawal in chinese women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brant, Jason O.; Zhu, Jianghui; Yang, Thomas P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Quinlivan, Eoin] Univ Florida, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Crider, Krista; Berry, R. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ling, Hao; Zhu, Li] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 724.8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621502738 ER PT J AU Fazili-Qari, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, MD AF Fazili-Qari, Zia Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Mindy TI Effects of long-term storage and delayed hemolysis of whole blood on folate species by LC-MS/MS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fazili-Qari, Zia; Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Zhang, Mindy] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 557.1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621503776 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Hughes, J Radimer, K Wilger, JJ Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Bailey, RL Sempos, C AF Johnson, Clifford L. Hughes, Jeffrey Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaime J. Dwyer, Johanna Picciano, Mary Frances Bailey, Regan L. Sempos, Christopher TI Methodologic differences in dietary supplements data collection and processing between the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the continuous NHANES (1999-2006) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Clifford L.; Hughes, Jeffrey; Radimer, Kathy; Wilger, Jaime J.] CDC, DHANES, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Dwyer, Johanna; Picciano, Mary Frances; Bailey, Regan L.; Sempos, Christopher] NIH, ODS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 341.5 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506036 ER PT J AU McCoy, LF Jorgensen, WI Chew, EY Kim, J Wong, WT Schleicher, RL AF McCoy, Leslie F. Jorgensen, Wanda I. Chew, Emily Y. Kim, Jonghyeon Wong, Wai T. Schleicher, Rosemary L. TI Biological variation in the plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFA) in older adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McCoy, Leslie F.] AAS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jorgensen, Wanda I.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, DLS, NBB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chew, Emily Y.; Wong, Wai T.] NEI, DBE, CTB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Jonghyeon] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RI Wong, Wai/B-6118-2017 OI Wong, Wai/0000-0003-0681-4016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 334.7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506585 ER PT J AU Pereira, HA Brevetti, J Hinsley, H Xhaja, A Harris, C Clark, R Svoboda, P Pohl, J AF Pereira, Heloise Anne Brevetti, Joseph Hinsley, Heather Xhaja, Anisa Harris, Christina Clark, Richard Svoboda, Pavel Pohl, Jan TI Peptide analogs based on the innate immune system molecule, CAP37, are potent antimicrobials against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and attenuate Pseudomonas LPS-mediated effects in vitro SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pereira, Heloise Anne; Brevetti, Joseph; Hinsley, Heather; Xhaja, Anisa; Harris, Christina; Clark, Richard] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Svoboda, Pavel; Pohl, Jan] CDC, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 1003.7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621504053 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Schleicher, RL Osterloh, JD Jain, RB Wong, LY Sampson, EJ AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Osterloh, John D. Jain, Ram B. Wong, Lee-Yang Sampson, Eric J. TI National Report on Biochemical Indicators of Diet and Nutrition in the US Population 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Osterloh, John D.; Jain, Ram B.; Wong, Lee-Yang; Sampson, Eric J.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 551.26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506441 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Kennedy-Stephenson, J AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Fazili, Zia Kennedy-Stephenson, Jocelyn TI Serum folic acid concentrations in the US population after the introduction of folic acid fortification SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Fazili, Zia] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kennedy-Stephenson, Jocelyn] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 335.3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621502342 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Pao, CI Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, Michael E. Pao, Ching-I Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Caffeine biomonitoring: using LC-MS/MS to estimate caffeine exposure in the US population SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rybak, Michael E.; Pao, Ching-I; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 353.4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621502400 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Mccoy, LF Chaudhary-Webb, M LaVoie, DJ Chen, HP Pfeiffer, CM Phinney, KW AF Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless Mccoy, Leslie F. Chaudhary-Webb, Madhu LaVoie, Donna J. Chen, Huiping Pfeiffer, Christine M. Phinney, Karen W. TI Tandem mass spectrometry method to measure serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless; Chaudhary-Webb, Madhu; LaVoie, Donna J.; Chen, Huiping; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH DLS NBB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mccoy, Leslie F.] AAS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, ACD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 112.1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506460 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Carroll, MD Ford, ES Lacher, DA AF Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless Carroll, Margaret D. Ford, Earl S. Lacher, David A. TI Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH DLS NBB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP DACH BSB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carroll, Margaret D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS DHNES AB, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Lacher, David A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS DHNES PB, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 103.5 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621503735 ER PT J AU Watson, AD Ribera, A Vesper, H AF Watson, Amy D. Ribera, Ashley Vesper, Hubert TI Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Method for C16:1t9, C18:1t9, C18:1t11, and C18:2tt9,12 trans Isomers Using Negative Chemical Ionization and Stable Isotope Internal Standards SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watson, Amy D.; Ribera, Ashley; Vesper, Hubert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 551.23 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621504805 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Anderson, JE Jamieson, DJ Warner, L Macaluso, M AF Farr, Sherry L. Anderson, John E. Jamieson, Denise J. Warner, Lee Macaluso, Maurizio TI Predictors of pregnancy and discontinuation of infertility services among women who received medical help to become pregnant, National Survey of Family Growth, 2002 SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE Infertility; infertility services; infertility treatment; pregnancy ID UNITED-STATES; COUPLES; DISPARITIES; FERTILITY; SMOKING; REASONS; LEVEL; IVF AB Objective: To determine demographic characteristics associated with pregnancy and, separately, discontinuation of infertility services when unsuccessful at achieving pregnancy, among a national sample of women who received infertility services. Design: Using a log-linear regression model, we examined associations with becoming pregnant among women who had received infertility services; and using a Cox proportional hazards model, we examined associations with earlier infertility service discontinuation. Setting: 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle 6. Participant(s): A total of 530 women aged 18-44 years in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth who had received infertility services. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Relative risks for predictors of pregnancy after receiving infertility services; median time to discontinuation of infertility services; hazard ratios for predictors of earlier discontinuation of services. Result(s): Fifty-nine percent of respondents became pregnant while receiving infertility services, and 32% reported discontinuing infertility services before establishing a pregnancy. Women received infertility services for a median of 8 months: among those who discontinued services, more than half did so within I month. Among women who received infertility services, those who were white, nonsmokers, nulliparous.. had insurance coverage, and received more than advice had a higher likelihood of pregnancy. Non-whites, parous women, and smokers discontinued infertility services earlier than others. Conclusion(s): Patients should be adequately counseled regarding modifiable behaviors and the range of services available before making decisions regarding their infertility. (Fertil Steril (R) 2009;91:988-97. (C) 2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 [Farr, Sherry L.; Anderson, John E.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Warner, Lee; Macaluso, Maurizio] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Farr, SL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mail Stop K-34,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SFarr@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD APR PY 2009 VL 91 IS 4 BP 988 EP 997 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.057 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 432KQ UT WOS:000265132300005 PM 18343375 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne Disease Trends and Reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.9999 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 427XI UT WOS:000264812000001 PM 19278344 ER PT J AU Hannah, EL Johnson, JR Angulo, F Haddadin, B Williamson, J Samore, MH AF Hannah, Elizabeth Lyon Johnson, James R. Angulo, Frederick Haddadin, Bassam Williamson, Jacquelyn Samore, Matthew H. TI Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial-Susceptible and -Resistant Escherichia coli from Retail Meats and Human Stool and Clinical Specimens in a Rural Community Setting SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE; CONTAMINATION; INFECTIONS; MINNESOTA; ANIMALS; POULTRY; GENOMES; TRAITS AB Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. Methods: Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n=181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n=159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U. S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group ( meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. Conclusion: Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission. C1 [Johnson, James R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Johnson, James R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Angulo, Frederick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Samore, Matthew H.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hannah, EL (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Community & Environm Hlth, 1910 Univ Dr,MS1835, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM elizabethhannah@boisestate.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [RS1 CCR820631, R01-CI000204]; Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs (J.R.J.); National Research Initiative (NRI); United States Department of Agriculture [00-35212-9408] FX Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grants RS1 CCR820631 (M.H.S.) and R01-CI000204 (J.R.J.), Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs (J.R.J.), and National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program/United States Department of Agriculture grant 00-35212-9408 (J.R.J.). Special thanks to Vivian Lockary and Christopher Ball at the Idaho State Laboratory for their invaluable assistance on this project. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0176 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 427XI UT WOS:000264812000004 PM 19272007 ER PT J AU DeBess, EE Pippert, E Angulo, FJ Cieslak, PR AF DeBess, Emilio E. Pippert, Eric Angulo, Frederick J. Cieslak, Paul R. TI Food Handler Assessment in Oregon SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTOR; RESTAURANT; CONSUMPTION; KNOWLEDGE; OUTBREAKS; EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; ILLNESS AB This survey reports on the knowledge and practices of 407 food handlers (FHs) working at 67 randomly selected restaurants in Washington and Marion counties in Oregon. During April-September 2000, a 28-question survey distilled from a longer survey obtained from the Oregon Food Handler Certification Program was administered in writing. FHs present at the time of visit were surveyed regarding their knowledge of food safety and prevention of foodborne illness. The average score on the FH survey was 68%. Of the 407 participants, 84% were line staff and 16% were managers, 56% were women and 44% men, 68% were English-speaking Whites, 19% were Spanish-speaking Hispanics, 9% were Asian, and 42% had some college education. Managers scored 74%, while line staff scored 67%. Women scored 69%, and men scored 66%. Non-Hispanic Whites scored 72%, and Spanish-speaking Hispanics scored 54%. FH staff who reported some college education scored 73%, and those who did not report any college education scored 64%. Those with a food handlers card (FHC) scored 69%, while those without an FHC scored 63%. The results demonstrate a lack of food-safety knowledge among FHs that may result in the transmission of foodborne pathogens to the public during food preparation. Survey scores emphasize the need for educational programs to improve workers' knowledge of foodborne diseases and their transmission. The scores also illustrate the need for Spanish language education in food safety in these two counties. C1 [DeBess, Emilio E.; Pippert, Eric; Cieslak, Paul R.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeBess, EE (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM emilio.e.debess@state.or.us FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The project was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No competing financial interests exist. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0102 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 427XI UT WOS:000264812000008 PM 19341317 ER PT J AU Squillace, MR Remsburg, RE Harris-Kojetin, LD Bercovitz, A Rosenoff, E Han, B AF Squillace, Marie R. Remsburg, Robin E. Harris-Kojetin, Lauren D. Bercovitz, Anita Rosenoff, Emily Han, Beth TI The National Nursing Assistant Survey: Improving the Evidence Base for Policy Initiatives to Strengthen the Certified Nursing Assistant Workforce SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Certified nursing assistants; Direct care workers; Long-term care workforce; Nursing homes; National Nursing Assistant Survey ID HOME CARE AIDES; HOSPITAL AIDES; WORKERS; PROFILE AB Purpose: This study introduces the first National Nursing Assistant Survey (NNAS), a major advance in the data available about certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and a rich resource for evidence-based policy, practice, and applied research initiatives. We highlight potential uses of this new survey using select population estimates as examples of how the NNAS can be used to inform new policy directions. Design and Methods: The NNAS is a nationally representative survey of 3,017 CNAs working in nursing homes, who were interviewed by phone in 2004-2005. Key survey components are recruitment; education; training and licensure; job history; family life; management and supervision; client relations; organizational commitment and job satisfaction; workplace environment; work-related injuries; and demographics. Results: One in three CNAs received some kind of means-tested public assistance. More than half of CNAs incurred at least 1 work-related injury within the past year and almost one quarter were unable to work for at least 1 day due to the injury. Forty-two percent of uninsured CNAs cite not participating in their employer-sponsored insurance plan because they could not afford the plan. Years of experience do not translate into higher wages; CNAs with 10 or more years of experience averaged just $2/hr more than aides who started working in the field less than 1 year ago. Implications: This survey can be used to understand CNA workforce issues and challenges and to plan for sustainable solutions to stabilize this workforce. The NNAS can be linked to other existing data sets to examine more comprehensive and complex relationships among CNA, facility, resident, and community characteristics, thereby expanding its usefulness. C1 [Squillace, Marie R.; Rosenoff, Emily] US Dept HHS, Off Secretary Assistant Secretary Planning & Eval, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Remsburg, Robin E.] George Mason Univ, Sch Nursing, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Remsburg, Robin E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Harris-Kojetin, Lauren D.; Bercovitz, Anita] US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Han, Beth] US Dept HHS, Off Appl Studies, SAMHSA, Rockville, MD USA. RP Squillace, MR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Secretary Assistant Secretary Planning & Eval, 200 Independence Ave SW,Room 424-E20, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM marie.squillace@hhs.gov NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1093/geront/gnp024 PG 13 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 436GI UT WOS:000265400300005 PM 19363014 ER PT J AU Howard, J AF Howard, John TI Informing Public Health Policy and Practice: The Strategic Management of Research Processes and Organizations SO GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS LA English DT Article AB Better health depends on how well federal public health organizations perform both scientifically and organizationally. The performance challenges of public health science organizations are not carbon copies of those facing public service organizations. This article examines how one federal science agency in the public health field has instituted a performance orientation over a dozen years, offering a detailed illustration of how the in-principle advantages of the "managing for performance" approach can be realized in practice. In taking science more seriously as a basis for public policy, the new administration should not lose sight of lessons it can learn from its predecessors about managing science organizations for performance. C1 [Howard, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Washington, DC USA. [Howard, John] US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Howard, John] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-1895 J9 GOVERNANCE JI Governance-Int. J. Policy Adm. I. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1468-0491.2009.01432.x PG 14 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA 430ZH UT WOS:000265030600004 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Yaroch, AL Atienza, AA Ms, SLY Zhang, J Masse, LC AF Blanck, Heidi M. Yaroch, Amy L. Atienza, Audie A. Ms, Sarah L. Yi Zhang, Jian Masse, Louise C. TI Factors Influencing Lunchtime Food Choices Among Working Americans SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE fast-food restaurant; food choice; nutrition; work site ID HEALTH-PROMOTION PROGRAMS; DIETARY CHANGE; WELL TRIAL; OBESITY; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; NUTRITION; PATTERNS; HABITS; ADULTS AB There is growing interest in the usefulness of the workplace as a site for promotion of healthful food choices. The authors therefore analyzed data of U. S. adults (N = 1,918) who reported working outside the home and eating lunch. The majority (84.0%) of workers had a break room. About one half (54.0%) purchased lunch = 2 times/week, with higher percentages for males, Blacks, younger (age 18-34 years) versus older adults (age 55 years or older), and obese versus normal-weight persons. The most important lunch food choice value was convenience (34.3%), followed by taste (27.8%), cost (20.8%), and health (17.1%). The typical source for purchasing lunch was a fast-food restaurant (43.4%), followed by on-site cafeteria/snack shop (25.3%), full-service restaurant (16.9%), supermarket (5.2%), vending machine (4.4%), and convenience store (4.0%); younger adults and those less educated relied more on fast-food places. This study identifies individual factors and values that may influence future dietary health initiatives in the work site. C1 [Blanck, Heidi M.; Zhang, Jian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yaroch, Amy L.; Atienza, Audie A.; Masse, Louise C.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ms, Sarah L. Yi] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hblanck@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1177/1090198107303308 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428UM UT WOS:000264876500006 PM 17602103 ER PT J AU White-Cooper, S Dawkins, NU Kamin, SL Anderson, LA AF White-Cooper, Sharrice Dawkins, Nicola U. Kamin, Stephanie L. Anderson, Lynda A. TI Community-Institutional Partnerships: Understanding Trust Among Partners SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE trust; interpersonal trust; organizational trust; partnerships; community; focus group; organizations; public health; expectations ID PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT; INTERPERSONAL-TRUST; HEALTH; PHYSICIANS; IMPROVE AB This study examines perceptions about trust among people engaged in community-institutional partnerships. Focus groups were conducted with community, health department, and academic representatives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention Research Centers Program. When asked to describe expectations about working with partners, the main themes identified were skepticism, optimism, and anticipation of challenges for community, health department, and academic representatives, respectively. Key themes identified as facilitating trust were related to characteristics of individuals (e.g., building interpersonal relationships), while barriers to trust were associated with organizational characteristics (e.g., academic reward systems). When explicitly asked, participants depicted the "object" of trust as residing at the individual level. Findings highlight the importance of partners' initial expectations in developing or eroding trust, the differences in factors that facilitate and hinder trust, and the important distinction between individuals and organizations as the object of trust. C1 [White-Cooper, Sharrice] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dawkins, Nicola U.; Kamin, Stephanie L.] Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Healthy Aging Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White-Cooper, S (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM swhite2@cdc.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-AC05-060R23100] NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1177/1090198107305079 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428UM UT WOS:000264876500009 PM 17652616 ER PT J AU Pollack, LA Adamache, W Eheman, CR Ryerson, AB Richardson, LC AF Pollack, Lori A. Adamache, Walter Eheman, Christie R. Ryerson, A. Blythe Richardson, Lisa C. TI Enhancement of Identifying Cancer Specialists through the Linkage of Medicare Claims to Additional Sources of Physician Specialty SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Specialties; medical; Medicare; classification; neoplasms ID BREAST-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; PRIMARY-CARE; SURVIVORS; WOMEN AB To examine the number of cancer specialists identified in three national datasets, the effect of combining these datasets, and the use of refinement rules to classify physicians as cancer specialists. 1992-2003 linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data and a cancer-free comparison population of Medicare beneficiaries, Unique Physician Identification Number (UPIN) Registry, and the American Medical Association (AMA) Masterfile. We compared differences in counts of cancer specialists identified in Medicare claims only with the number obtained by combining data sources and after using rules to refine specialty identification. We analyzed physician specialty variables provided on Medicare claims, along with the specialties obtained by linkage of unencrypted UPINs on Medicare claims to the UPIN Registry, the AMA Masterfile, and all sources combined. Medicare claims identified the fewest number of cancer specialists (n=11,721) compared with 19,753 who were identified when we combined all three datasets. The percentage increase identified by combining datasets varied by subspecialty (187 percent for surgical oncologists to 50 percent for radiation oncologists). Rules created to refine identification most affected the count of radiation oncologists. Researchers should consider taking the additional effort and cost to refine classification by using additional data sources based on their study objectives. C1 [Pollack, Lori A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Adamache, Walter] RTI Int, Waltham, MA USA. [Eheman, Christie R.; Ryerson, A. Blythe; Richardson, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lpollack@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [200-2002-00575] FX Disclaimers: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the sole responsibility of the authors. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 562 EP 576 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2008.00935.x PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 418QV UT WOS:000264164400014 PM 19207588 ER PT J AU Strang, AL Johnson, JA Fox, Z Booth, CL Phillips, AN Li, JF Heneine, W Geretti, AM AF Strang, A. L. Johnson, J. A. Fox, Z. Booth, C. L. Phillips, A. N. Li, J. F. Heneine, W. Geretti, A. M. TI Low-frequency mutations strengthen the impact of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) on virological responses to first-line efavirenz- or nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strang, A. L.; Fox, Z.; Booth, C. L.; Phillips, A. N.; Geretti, A. M.] Royal Free Hosp, London NW3 2QG, England. [Strang, A. L.; Fox, Z.; Booth, C. L.; Phillips, A. N.; Geretti, A. M.] Univ Coll, Sch Med, London, England. [Johnson, J. A.; Li, J. F.; Heneine, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 452OI UT WOS:000266550100021 ER PT J AU Coffey, CC Hudnall, JB Martin, SB AF Coffey, Christopher C. Hudnall, Judith B. Martin, Stephen B., Jr. TI Improving the Environmental Controls at a Homeless Shelter to Assist in Reducing the Probability of Airborne Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Case Study SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ventilation; Tuberculosis; Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation; TB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Homeless shelter ID ULTRAVIOLET AIR DISINFECTION; ROOM AIR; IRRADIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LIGHT; WARD AB This study describes a survey of environmental controls conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at the Salvation Army Harbor Light Center homeless shelter in the City of St. Louis, Missouri. The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MO DHHS) had epidemiologically linked 19 cases of active tuberculosis (TB) to the shelter. MO DHSS requested NIOSH to determine whether improvements could be made to the environmental controls to help reduce the probability of airborne transmission of TB at the shelter. NIOSH investigators conducted thorough inspections of the shelter's air-handling units (AHUs) and evaluated airflow rates. NIOSH recommended higher efficiency filters be used in the AHUs and installation of ultraviolet lights. C1 [Coffey, Christopher C.; Hudnall, Judith B.; Martin, Stephen B., Jr.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Coffey, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM CCoffey@edc.gov RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1420-326X J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 182 DI 10.1177/1420326X09103008 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 425LA UT WOS:000264636800010 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Gottlieb, SL Berman, SM AF Peterman, Thomas A. Gottlieb, Sami L. Berman, Stuart M. TI Commentary: Chlamydia trachomatis screening: what are we trying to do SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PROGRAM; RATES; WOMEN C1 [Peterman, Thomas A.; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Berman, Stuart M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1093/ije/dyn345 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428ZJ UT WOS:000264890300018 PM 19174542 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Dhingra, SS Kroenke, K Qayad, M Ribble, JL Okoro, CA Balluz, LS Dube, SR Lando, J Mokdad, AH AF Strine, Tara W. Dhingra, Satvinder S. Kroenke, Kurt Qayad, Mohamed Ribble, James L. Okoro, Catherine A. Balluz, Lina S. Dube, Shanta R. Lando, James Mokdad, Ali H. TI Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area estimates of depression and anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Depression; Anxiety; Surveillance; Epidemiology; Patient Health Questionnaire 8 ID PRIMARY-CARE; MENTAL-HEALTH; GREAT-BRITAIN; PRIME-MD; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; UTILITY; PHQ-9; VALIDATION AB To examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the United States by state and MMSA. The 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected depression and anxiety data on 74 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs) and 41 states/territories (n = 217 379). The national prevalence of current depression, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety is 8.7 %, 15.7 %, and 11.3 %, respectively. There is considerable variability within and across states for all three measures. The most striking within-state difference in current depression between MMSAs is in California: 5.4 % and 11.3 %. This variation in mental health at the state and MMSA levels calls for development and implementation of local programs. C1 [Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s00038-009-8026-4 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423FS UT WOS:000264482800010 PM 19214381 ER PT J AU Domeika, M Savicheva, A Sokolovskiy, E Unemo, M Ballard, R AF Domeika, M. Savicheva, A. Sokolovskiy, E. Unemo, M. Ballard, R. CA EE SRH Network TI Quality enhancements of laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID IN-HOUSE PCR; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ST-PETERSBURG; PERFORMANCE; ASSAYS; TESTS C1 [Domeika, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala Eastern European Comm Swedish Hlth Care C, Stockholm, Sweden. [Savicheva, A.] RAMS, DO Ott Inst Obstet & Gynecol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Sokolovskiy, E.] St Petersburg State Med Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Unemo, M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Swedish Reference Lab Pathogen Neisseria, Orebro, Sweden. [Ballard, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Domeika, M (reprint author), Dag Hammarskjolds Str 17, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. EM marius.domeika@medsci.uu.se NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 292 EP 294 DI 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009040 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 434UP UT WOS:000265299900024 PM 19304985 ER PT J AU Slack, AT Khairani-Bejo, S Symonds, ML Dohnt, MF Galloway, RL Steigerwalt, AG Bahaman, AR Craig, S Harrower, BJ Smythe, LD AF Slack, Andrew T. Khairani-Bejo, Siti Symonds, Meegan L. Dohnt, Michael F. Galloway, Renee L. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Bahaman, Abdul R. Craig, Scott Harrower, Bruce J. Smythe, Lee D. TI Leptospira kmetyi sp nov., isolated from an environmental source in Malaysia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAPROPHYTIC LEPTOSPIRES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIA; GENE AB A single Leptospira strain (designated Bejo-Iso9(T)) was isolated from a soil sample taken in Johor, Malaysia. The isolate showed motility and morphology typical of the genus Leptospira under dark-field microscopy. Cells were found to be 10-13 mu m in length and 0.2 mu m in diameter, with a wavelength of 0.5 mu m and an amplitude of approximately 0.2 mu m. Phenotypically, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) grew in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium at 13, 30 and 37 degrees C, and also in the presence of 8-azaguanine. Serologically, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) produced titres towards several members of the Tarassovi serogroup, but was found to be serologically unique by cross-agglutinin absorption test and thus represented a novel serovar. The proposed name for this serovar is Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this novel strain within the radiation of the genus Leptospira, with sequence similarities within the range 90.4-99.5% with respect to recognized Leptospira species. DNA-DNA hybridization against the three most closely related Leptospira species was used to confirm the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The G+C content of the genome of strain Bejo-Iso9(T) was 36.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, serological and phylogenetic data, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Leptospira, for which the name Leptospira kmetyi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Bejo-Iso9(T) (=WHO LT1101(T)=KIT Bejo-Iso9(T)). C1 [Slack, Andrew T.; Symonds, Meegan L.; Dohnt, Michael F.; Craig, Scott; Smythe, Lee D.] WHO FAO OIE Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Lep, Communicable Dis Oueensland Hlth Forens & Sci Ser, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Khairani-Bejo, Siti; Bahaman, Abdul R.] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Vet Med, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [Galloway, Renee L.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrower, Bruce J.] Communicable Dis Oueensland Hlth Forens & Sci Ser, Dept Virol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Smythe, LD (reprint author), WHO FAO OIE Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Lep, Communicable Dis Oueensland Hlth Forens & Sci Ser, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM Lee_smythe@health.qld.gov.au RI Craig, Scott/C-3225-2012 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 59 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.002766-0 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 443HV UT WOS:000265901700013 PM 19329592 ER PT J AU Rainbow, J Danila, R Bahta, L White, K Ehresmann, K Lynfield, R Coronado, F Cohn, A Clark, T Messonnier, N Santoli, J Rodewald, L Jackson, M Lowther, S AF Rainbow, J. Danila, R. Bahta, L. White, K. Ehresmann, K. Lynfield, R. Coronado, F. Cohn, A. Clark, T. Messonnier, N. Santoli, J. Rodewald, L. Jackson, M. Lowther, S. TI Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type B Disease in Five Young Children-Minnesota, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 58-60, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Rainbow, J.; Danila, R.; Bahta, L.; White, K.; Ehresmann, K.; Lynfield, R.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Jackson, M.; Lowther, S.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rainbow, J (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 13 BP 1330 EP 1331 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 426LM UT WOS:000264709800010 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH AF Brown, D. W. Croft, J. B. Greenlund, K. J. Giles, W. H. TI Deaths From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-United States, 2000-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1229-1232, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MANAGEMENT; BURDEN; UPDATE; COPD C1 [Brown, D. W.; Croft, J. B.; Greenlund, K. J.; Giles, W. H.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 13 BP 1331 EP 1333 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 426LM UT WOS:000264709800011 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N AF Adekoya, N. TI Motor Vehicle-Related Death Rates-UnitedStates, 1999-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 161-165, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Adekoya, N.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Motor Vehicle Injury Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 13 BP 1333 EP 1334 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 426LM UT WOS:000264709800012 ER PT J AU Bird, BH Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST MacLachlan, NJ AF Bird, Brian H. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. MacLachlan, N. James TI Rift Valley fever virus SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RECENT COMMON ANCESTRY; SAUDI-ARABIA; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; INACTIVATED VACCINE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS C1 [Bird, Brian H.; MacLachlan, N. James] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bird, BH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 134 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 234 IS 7 BP 883 EP 893 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 424BK UT WOS:000264540300024 PM 19335238 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Carter, M Orr, M Dittus, P AF Santelli, John Carter, Marion Orr, Mark Dittus, Patricia TI Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors, by Nonsexual Risk Behavior Involvement, US High School Students, 1991-2007 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Adolescents; Risk behavior; Sex behavior; United State ID ADOLESCENCE; COOCCURRENCE; PREGNANCY AB Background: Adolescent health risk behaviors often occur together. suggesting that youth involvement with one risk behavior may inform understanding of other risk behaviors. We examined the association between involvement in nonsexual risk behaviors and trends among Sexual behaviors. Methods: We analyzed 1991-2007 data (n = similar to 125.000) from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. it nationally representative survey of high school students in the United States. We categorized students Into groups based oil lifetime (Lifetime Risk Scale) and recent involvement (Recent Risk Scale) in nonsexual risk behaviors. such as smoking, and drug We examined each group's prevalence of and trends four Sexual behaviors: ever having had sexual intercourse, having four or more lifetime partners, Current Sexual activity, and use of contraception at last sex. Data were examined for linear and quadratic (U-shaped) change using logistic regression. Results: Sexual behaviors varied considerably between youth engaged in no risk behaviors and those in the highest risk behavior groups: sevenfold for ever having had intercourse ( 13% vs. 87% in 2007) and threefold for four or more lifetime sexual partners ( 19% vs. 57%). Despite these diffrences. trends in sexual risk behaviors among youth engaged in Multiple nonsexual risk behaviors and those engaged ill few or no risk behaviors were remarkably similar. In contrast, sexual behaviors demonstrated it very different pattern of change from that found or nonsexual behaviors: sexual experience and having multiple sexual partners declined into the early 2000s and then increased. whereas nonsexual behaviors increased over time, peaked in the late 1990s. and then declined. Conclusions: Youth who engaged in little risk taking, and those who engaged in considerable risk taking showed similar trends over time. However, the pattern of changes in SCUM] and nonsexual risk behaviors were remarkably different, raising questions about the potential impact of interventions that would reduce Sexual risk taking, by reducing nonsexual risk behaviors. Recent increases in sexual risk behaviors may have omious implications for prevention Of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, among youth. (C) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Santelli, John; Orr, Mark] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Heilbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Carter, Marion] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Santelli, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Heilbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B2, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM js2637@columbia.edu NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.020 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 427KO UT WOS:000264778400010 PM 19306796 ER PT J AU Dempsey, AF Cowan, AE Broder, KR Kretsinger, K Stokley, S Clark, SJ AF Dempsey, Amanda F. Cowan, Anne E. Broder, Karen R. Kretsinger, Katrina Stokley, Shannon Clark, Sarah J. TI Adolescent Tdap Vaccine Use Among Primary Care Physicians SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Pertussis; Adolescent; Tdap; Physician attitudes ID ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES; RESPONSE RATES; ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; ATTITUDES; EFFICACY; SERVICES; TETANUS AB Purpose: In 2006 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended replacement of the adolescent tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) booster with combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap). We examined the degree to which pediatricians and family practitioners have adopted this recommendation. Methods: National mail-based survey of a random sample of 725 pediatricians and 725 family practitioners from January through March, 2007. Results: Overall response rate was 60%. The majority of respondents indicated they routinely recommended Tdap to adolescents at the preferred age for vaccination, 11-12 years old (87%), and also for "catch up" vaccination among adolescents 13-18 years old (89%). In bivariate analyses, pediatrician specialty, specialty society membership, stocking Tdap in the office, and prior experience diagnosing adolescent pertussis were associated with routinely recommending Tdap to adolescents. In multivariable models adjusting for these factors simultaneously, only pediatrician specialty (OR = 4.8, 95% Cl = 2.5-9.3) and stocking Tdap in the office (OR = 14.5,95% Cl = 7.5-28.5) remained significantly associated with routine recommendation. Pediatricians were significantly more likely than family practitioners to accept shorter time intervals for administering Tdap following Td vaccination, and to co-administer Tdap with MCV4. Lack of adolescent visits was the most commonly cited major barrier to adolescent Tdap administration. Conclusions: Based on self report, our results indicate the majority of physicians have adopted recent recommendations from the ACIP to administer Tdap to adolescents. However, specialty-based disparifies in attitudes and practices persist, suggesting that ongoing efforts are needed to motivate physicians to recommend this vaccine to adolescents and to clarify how to integrate Tdap with other adolescent vaccinations. (C) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Dempsey, Amanda F.; Cowan, Anne E.; Clark, Sarah J.] Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Broder, Karen R.; Kretsinger, Katrina; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dempsey, AF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, Dept Pediat, 300 N Ingalls,Room 6E08, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adempsey@umich.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.019 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 427KO UT WOS:000264778400012 PM 19306798 ER PT J AU Kroenke, K Strine, TW Spitzer, RL Williams, JBW Berry, JT Mokdad, AH AF Kroenke, Kurt Strine, Tara W. Spitzer, Robert L. Williams, Janet B. W. Berry, Joyce T. Mokdad, Ali H. TI The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Depression; Psychometrics; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Quality of life; Patient Health Questionnaire ID PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; COLLABORATIVE CARE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; OLDER-ADULTS; DISORDERS AB Background: The eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) is established as a valid diagnostic and severity measure for depressive disorders in large clinical studies. Our objectives were to assess the PHQ-8 as a depression measure in a large, epidemiological population-based study, and to determine the comparability of depression as defined by the PHQ-8 diagnostic algorithm vs. a PHQ-8 cutpoint >= 10, Methods: Random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 198,678 participants in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a population-based survey in the United States. Current depression as defined by either the DSM-IV based diagnostic algorithm (i.e., major depressive or other depressive disorder) of the PHQ-8 or a PHQ-8 score >= 10; respondent sociodemographic characteristics; number of days of impairment in the past 30 days in multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: The prevalence of current depression was similar whether defined by the diagnostic algorithm or a PHQ-8 score; ! 10 (9.1% vs. 8.6%). Depressed patients had substantially more days of impairment across multiple domains of HRQoL, and the impairment was nearly identical in depressed groups defined by either method. Of the 17,040 respondents with a PHQ-8 score >= 10, major depressive disorder was present in 49.7%, other depressive disorder in 23.9%, depressed mood or anhedonia in another 22.8%, and no evidence of depressive disorder or depressive symptoms in only 3.5%. Limitations: The PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithm rather than an independent structured psychiatric interview was used as the criterion standard. Conclusions: The PHQ-X is a useful depression measure far population-based studies, and either its diagnostic algorithm or a cutpoint >= 10 can be used for defining current depression. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroenke, Kurt] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Strine, Tara W.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Spitzer, Robert L.; Williams, Janet B. W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Spitzer, Robert L.; Williams, Janet B. W.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Kroenke, K (reprint author), Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, RG-6 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM kkroenke@regenstrief.org NR 62 TC 451 Z9 453 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0327 EI 1573-2517 J9 J AFFECT DISORDERS JI J. Affect. Disord. PD APR PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 419MO UT WOS:000264223900018 PM 18752852 ER PT J AU Kersh, EN Luo, W Adams, DR Mitchell, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Butera, S Folks, T Otten, R AF Kersh, Ellen N. Luo, Wei Adams, Debra R. Mitchell, James Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Butera, Sal Folks, Tom Otten, Ron TI Evaluation of the lymphocyte trafficking drug FTY720 in SHIV(SF162P3)-infected rhesus macaques SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE HIV; immune regulation; immune function ID CHRONIC VIRAL-INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELLS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PROTECTION AB FTY720 causes retention of lymphocytes in lymphatic tissues. Previous studies revealed that FTY720 can decrease or eliminate chronic viral infections of mice. We address here whether therapeutic use of FTY720 in simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques could also decrease viraemia. FTY720 was administered intravenously to three SHIV(SF162P3)-infected macaques at 39, 7 or 6 weeks of infection; three control macaques (47, 48 or 6 weeks of infection) did not receive drug. FTY720 was given at 0.004 mg/kg on days 0, 1, 2, 14, 15 and 16, followed by 0.1 mg/kg on days 28, 29, 30, 42, 43 and 44. Blood was collected seven times throughout and four times during 47 days of follow-up. Only the 0.1 mg/kg dose resulted in a reduction in mean blood CD4+ T cells and B cells (to 33% and 27% of pre-drug levels, P=0.0024 and 0.003, respectively). FTY720 treatment did not lead to significant deviations from the natural pattern of viral control. Plasma viraemia progressed from a range of 10(4)-10(2) copies/mL before treatment to 10(4)-temporarily undetectable levels on the last day of treatment. SHIV(SF162P3) was not eliminated, however, as plasma viraemia and proviral DNA persisted during the follow-up. No significant alterations in T cell activity were noted throughout the drug course. FTY720 administration had no detectable therapeutic effect at the doses and schedules outlined here, although blood CD4+ T cells and B cells were effectively reduced. Future work might reveal whether FTY720 could be beneficial in more pathogenic SHIV, simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV infections. C1 [Kersh, Ellen N.; Luo, Wei; Adams, Debra R.; Mitchell, James; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Butera, Sal; Folks, Tom; Otten, Ron] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kersh, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ekersh@cdc.gov FU CDC FX This research was funded by CDC. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD APR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.1093/jac/dkp008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 419AI UT WOS:000264191100020 PM 19218272 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Borman, AM Brandt, ME Cano, J Cuenca-Estrella, M Dannaoui, E Guarro, J Haase, G Kibbler, CC Meyer, W O'Donnell, K Petti, CA Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Sutton, D Velegraki, A Wickes, BL AF Balajee, S. A. Borman, A. M. Brandt, M. E. Cano, J. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Dannaoui, E. Guarro, J. Haase, G. Kibbler, C. C. Meyer, W. O'Donnell, K. Petti, C. A. Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L. Sutton, D. Velegraki, A. Wickes, B. L. TI Sequence-Based Identification of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mucorales Species in the Clinical Mycology Laboratory: Where Are We and Where Should We Go from Here? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY; SECTION FUMIGATI; HUMAN INFECTIONS; CONTACT-LENS; SP NOV. C1 [Balajee, S. A.; Brandt, M. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Borman, A. M.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Mycol Reference Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. [Cano, J.; Guarro, J.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Med, Unitat Microbiol, E-43201 Reus, Spain. [Cuenca-Estrella, M.; Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L.] Inst Salud Carlos III, Natl Ctr Microbiol, Mycol Reference Lab, Madrid, Spain. [Dannaoui, E.] Inst Pasteur, CNRS, Ctr Natl Reference Mycol & Antifong, Unite Mycol Mol,URA3012, Paris, France. [Haase, G.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Hosp, Inst Microbiol, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Kibbler, C. C.] UCL, Ctr Med Microbiol, London, England. [Meyer, W.] Univ Sydney, Westmead Millennium Inst, Ctr Infect Dis & Microbiol, Mol Mycol Res Lab,Western Clin Sch,Westmead Hosp, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. [O'Donnell, K.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Petti, C. A.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Petti, C. A.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Sutton, D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Velegraki, A.] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Mycol Lab, Athens 11528, Greece. [Wickes, B. L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Haase, Gerhard/C-6492-2009; Meyer, Wieland/G-1204-2015; OI Haase, Gerhard/0000-0001-7771-3189; Meyer, Wieland/0000-0001-9933-8340; Cano-Lira, Jose F./0000-0003-4495-4394; Guarro, Josep/0000-0002-7839-7568; Borman, Andy/0000-0003-0585-5721 NR 44 TC 164 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 877 EP 884 DI 10.1128/JCM.01685-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000001 PM 19073865 ER PT J AU Bachmann, LH Johnson, RE Cheng, H Markowitz, LE Papp, JR Hook, EW AF Bachmann, Laura H. Johnson, Robert E. Cheng, Hong Markowitz, Lauri E. Papp, John R. Hook, Edward W., III TI Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Oropharyngeal Infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PHARYNGEAL GONORRHEA; ORAL SEX; MEN; ADOLESCENT; PREVALENCE; CHLAMYDIA AB The optimal methods for the diagnosis of pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection are uncertain. The objective of this study was to define the performance of culture and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the diagnosis of pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae. In this cross-sectional study, males and females >15 years old who acknowledged performing fellatio or cunnilingus (in the previous 2 months) were recruited from three clinics (two human immunodeficiency virus clinics and one sexually transmitted diseases clinic) located in Birmingham, AL. The test performance of culture for N. gonorrhoeae, the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 transcription-mediated amplification assay (TMA), the BD ProbeTec ET amplified DNA strand displacement assay (SDA), and the Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR was defined by using a rotating "gold standard" of any positive results by two or three of the three tests that excluded the test being evaluated. A total of 961 evaluable test sets were collected. On the basis of a rotating gold standard of positive results by two of three comparator tests, the sensitivity and the specificity were as follows: culture for N. gonorrhoeae, 50.0% and 99.4%, respectively; PCR, 80.3% and 73.0%, respectively; TMA, 83.6% and 98.6%, respectively; and SDA, 93.2% and 96.3%, respectively. On the basis of a rotating gold standard of positive results by three of three comparator tests, the sensitivity and specificity were as follows: culture for N. gonorrhoeae, 65.4% and 99.0%, respectively; PCR, 91.9% and 71.8%, respectively; TMA, 100% and 96.2%, respectively; and SDA, 97.1% and 94.2%, respectively. In conclusion, currently available NAATs are more sensitive than culture for the detection of pharyngeal gonorrhea in at-risk patients. PCR is substantially less specific than culture, TMA, or SDA and should not be used for the detection of pharyngeal gonorrhea. C1 [Bachmann, Laura H.; Hook, Edward W., III] Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. [Bachmann, Laura H.; Cheng, Hong; Hook, Edward W., III] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hook, Edward W., III] Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. [Johnson, Robert E.; Markowitz, Lauri E.; Papp, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bachmann, Laura H.] Birmingham Vet Adm Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Bachmann, LH (reprint author), WG Hefner Med Ctr, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM lbachman@wfubmc.edu FU Becton Dickinson and Company; Gen-Probe, Inc; Association of Schools of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [S2070-22/23] FX This study was funded through a cooperative agreement between the Association of Schools of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (project S2070-22/23). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coinvestigators (R.E.J., L.E.M., J.R.P.) contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data and the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript and provided technical support for the study. NR 23 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 902 EP 907 DI 10.1128/JCM.01581-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000005 PM 19193848 ER PT J AU Munoz-Jordan, JL Collins, CS Vergne, E Santiago, GA Petersen, L Sun, W Linnen, JM AF Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Collins, Cynthia S. Vergne, Edgardo Santiago, Gilberto A. Petersen, Lyle Sun, Wellington Linnen, Jeffrey M. TI Highly Sensitive Detection of Dengue Virus Nucleic Acid in Samples from Clinically Ill Patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; TRANSCRIPTASE PCR ASSAYS; TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; PUERTO-RICO; SEROTYPE; VIREMIA; AMPLIFICATION AB Dengue virus (DENV) is a major cause of febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever in tropical and subtropical regions. Typically, patients presenting with acute dengue disease are viremic but may not have yet developed detectable titers of antibody. Therefore, early diagnosis depends mostly on detection of viral components, such as the RNA. To define the potential use of transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) DENV RNA as a diagnostic tool, we first compared its analytic sensitivity using a routine real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and found that TMA is approximately 10 to 100 times more sensitive. In addition, we tested acute-phase serum samples (<5 days post-symptom onset) submitted as part of laboratory-based surveillance in Puerto Rico and determined that among patients with serologically confirmed dengue infection, TMA detected DENV RNA in almost 80% of serum specimens that were negative by the RT-PCR test used for diagnosis and in all specimens with positive RT-PCR results. We conclude that TMA is a highly sensitive method which can detect DENV RNA in approximately 89% of clinical, acute-phase serum specimens. C1 [Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost & Res Lab, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Collins, Cynthia S.; Linnen, Jeffrey M.] Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Petersen, Lyle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Munoz-Jordan, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Diagnost & Res Lab, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM ckq2@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 927 EP 931 DI 10.1128/JCM.01564-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000009 PM 19225099 ER PT J AU Etienne, KA Kano, R Balajee, SA AF Etienne, Kizee A. Kano, Rui Balajee, S. Arunmozhi TI Development and Validation of a Microsphere-Based Luminex Assay for Rapid Identification of Clinically Relevant Aspergilli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; PATHOGENIC ASPERGILLUS; SP NOV.; FUMIGATUS; CANDIDA; SYSTEM; USTUS; VORICONAZOLE; TECHNOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB A Luminex-based assay for the rapid identification of Aspergillus species was designed, optimized, and validated with 131 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ustus, and A. versicolor. The six species-specific probes were directed toward the internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS-1) region and tested in a multiplex format with results generated within 6 h. Species identifications generated by the Aspergillus Luminex assay were 100% concordant with results from comparative sequence analyses of the ITS-1 region and showed excellent specificity. The Aspergillus Luminex assay is a rapid, relatively simple method that may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool for rapid Aspergillus identification in clinical laboratory settings. C1 [Etienne, Kizee A.; Kano, Rui; Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kano, Rui] Nihon Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Fuzisawa City, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov FU CDC; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Nihon University FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1100 DI 10.1128/JCM.01899-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000033 PM 19244469 ER PT J AU Njenga, MK Paweska, J Wanjala, R Rao, CY Weiner, M Omballa, V Luman, ET Mutonga, D Sharif, S Panning, M Drosten, C Feikin, DR Breiman, RF AF Njenga, M. Kariuki Paweska, Janusz Wanjala, Rose Rao, Carol Y. Weiner, Matthew Omballa, Victor Luman, Elizabeth T. Mutonga, David Sharif, Shanaaz Panning, Marcus Drosten, Christian Feikin, Daniel R. Breiman, Robert F. TI Using a Field Quantitative Real-Time PCR Test To Rapidly Identify Highly Viremic Rift Valley Fever Cases SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SAUDI-ARABIA; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; CONGO; BUNYAVIRIDAE; PREDICTOR AB Approximately 8% of Rift Valley fever (RVF) cases develop severe disease, leading to hemorrhage, hepatitis, and/or encephalitis and resulting in up to 50% of deaths. A major obstacle in the management of RVF and other viral hemorrhagic fever cases in outbreaks that occur in rural settings is the inability to rapidly identify such cases, with poor prognosis early enough to allow for more-aggressive therapies. During an RVF outbreak in Kenya in 2006 to 2007, we evaluated whether quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) could be used in the field to rapidly identify viremic RVF cases with risk of death. In 52 of 430 RVF cases analyzed by qRT-PCR and virus culture, 18 died (case fatality rate [CFR] = 34.6%). Levels of viremia in fatal cases were significantly higher than those in nonfatal cases (mean of 10(5.2) versus 10(2.9) per ml; P < 0.005). A negative correlation between the levels of infectious virus particles and the qRT-PCR crossover threshold (C(T)) values allowed the use of qRT-PCR to assess prognosis. The CFR was 50.0% among cases with C(T) values of <27.0 (corresponding to 2.1 X 10(4) viral RNA particles/ml of serum) and 4.5% among cases with C(T) values of >= 27.0. This cutoff yielded 93.8% sensitivity and a 95.5% negative predictive value; the specificity and positive predictive value were 58% and 50%, respectively. This study shows a correlation between high viremia and fatality and indicates that qRT-PCR testing can identify nearly all fatal RVF cases. C1 [Paweska, Janusz] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Rao, Carol Y.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weiner, Matthew] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Luman, Elizabeth T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mutonga, David; Sharif, Shanaaz] Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Panning, Marcus; Drosten, Christian] Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Program, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM Knjenga@ke.cdc.gov RI Panning, Marcus/I-7889-2016 FU U. S. government FX The findings and conclusions of this work are ours and should not be construed to represent the CDC's determination or policy. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1128/JCM.01905-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000042 PM 19171680 ER PT J AU Lockhart, SR Messer, SA Gherna, M Bishop, JA Merz, WG Pfaller, MA Diekema, DJ AF Lockhart, Shawn R. Messer, Shawn A. Gherna, Michael Bishop, Justin A. Merz, William G. Pfaller, Michael A. Diekema, Daniel J. TI Identification of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis in a Large Global Collection of Candida glabrata Isolates: Comparison to the Literature SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SP-NOV.; FLUCONAZOLE; FUNGUS; YEAST; PCR AB We analyzed 1,598 Candida glabrata isolates for the presence of the cryptic species Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis. Both species were very rare in this collection (0.2% prevalence), despite the number of isolates analyzed and the global distribution of the isolates. We saw no associated antifungal resistance in C. nivariensis. C1 [Lockhart, Shawn R.; Messer, Shawn A.; Pfaller, Michael A.; Diekema, Daniel J.] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gherna, Michael; Bishop, Justin A.; Merz, William G.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Lockhart, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gyi2@cdc.gov OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724 FU Pfizer, Inc. FX This work was funded by a grant from Pfizer, Inc. NR 12 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1216 EP 1217 DI 10.1128/JCM.02315-08 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427RS UT WOS:000264797000051 PM 19193845 ER PT J AU Prudent, N Houghton, A Stewart, J Petersen, A Thompson, R Byrne, M Luber, G AF Prudent, Natasha Houghton, Adele Stewart, Jake Petersen, Alexander (Sascha) Thompson, Rachel Byrne, Maggie Luber, George TI Addressing Climate Change and Local Public Health: The Austin Climate Protection Program and the CDC Working Group on Climate Change Collaboration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; VARIABILITY; DISEASES; EVENTS C1 [Prudent, Natasha] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Prudent, N (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nprudent@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 71 IS 8 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 426JU UT WOS:000264704900003 PM 19408428 ER PT J AU Cohen, NJ Deeds, JR Wong, ES Hanner, RH Yancy, HF White, KD Thompson, TM Wahl, M Pham, TD Guichard, FM Huh, I Austin, C Dizikes, G Gerber, SI AF Cohen, Nicole J. Deeds, Jonathan R. Wong, Eugene S. Hanner, Robert H. Yancy, Haile F. White, Kevin D. Thompson, Trevonne M. Wahl, Michael Pham, Tu D. Guichard, Frances M. Huh, In Austin, Connie Dizikes, George Gerber, Susan I. TI Public Health Response to Puffer Fish (Tetrodotoxin) Poisoning from Mislabeled Product SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LAGOCEPHALUS-LUNARIS-LUNARIS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; DNA BARCODES; IDENTIFICATION; SAXITOXIN; LIFE AB Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin that occurs in select species of the family Tetraodontidae (puffer fish). It causes paralysis and potentially death if ingested in sufficient quantities. In 2007, two individuals developed symptoms consistent with tetrodotoxin poisoning after ingesting home-cooked puffer fish purchased in Chicago. Both the Chicago retailer and the California supplier denied having sold or imported puffer fish but claimed the product was monkfish. However; genetic analysis and visual inspection determined that the ingested fish and others from the implicated lot retrieved from the supplier belonged to the family Tetraodontidae. Tetrodotoxin was detected at high levels in both remnants of the ingested meal and fish retrieved from the implicated lot. The investigation led to a Voluntary recall of monkfish distributed by the supplier in three states and placement of the supplier on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Import Alert for species misbranding. This case of tetrodotoxin poisoning highlights the need for continued stringent regulation Of Puffer fish importation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, education of the public regarding the dangers of puffer fish consumption. and raising awareness among medical providers of the diagnosis and management of foodborne toxin ingestions and the need for reporting to public health agencies. C1 [Deeds, Jonathan R.; White, Kevin D.] US Food & Drug Adm Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cohen, Nicole J.; Pham, Tu D.; Guichard, Frances M.; Gerber, Susan I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Dizikes, George] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Austin, Connie] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Huh, In] Swedish Covenant Hosp, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Wong, Eugene S.; Hanner, Robert H.] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Yancy, Haile F.] US Food & Drug Adm Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Thompson, Trevonne M.; Wahl, Michael] Illinois Poison Ctr, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Cohen, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago Quarantine Stn, AMC OHare, POB 66012, Chicago, IL 60666 USA. EM ncohen@cdc.gov; jonathan.deeds@fda.hhs.gov NR 33 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 4 BP 810 EP 817 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 432HS UT WOS:000265124700018 PM 19435231 ER PT J AU Hurley, LP Lindley, M Harpaz, R Stokley, S Daley, M Crane, LA Beaty, B Barrow, J Babbel, C Dickinson, M Kempe, A AF Hurley, L. P. Lindley, M. Harpaz, R. Stokley, S. Daley, M. Crane, L. A. Beaty, B. Barrow, J. Babbel, C. Dickinson, M. Kempe, A. TI HERPES ZOSTER VACCINE: WHAT IS INTERFERING WITH UPTAKE? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Hurley, L. P.] Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver, CO USA. [Stokley, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Daley, M.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp,Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Crane, L. A.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Beaty, B.; Barrow, J.; Babbel, C.] Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Kempe, A.] Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 SU 1 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 435ZI UT WOS:000265382000229 ER PT J AU Olson, VA Karem, KL Smith, SK Hughes, CM Damon, IK AF Olson, Victoria A. Karem, Kevin L. Smith, Scott K. Hughes, Christine M. Damon, Inger K. TI Smallpox virus plaque phenotypes: genetic, geographical and case fatality relationships SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS; ACTIN TAIL FORMATION; VACCINIA VIRUS; POXVIRUS INFECTIONS; ENHANCE RELEASE; F12L PROTEIN; A36R PROTEIN; B5R; DISSEMINATION; COMPLEMENT AB Smallpox (infection with Orthopoxvirus variola) remains a feared illness more than 25 years after its eradication. Historically, case-fatality rates (CFRs) varied between outbreaks (<1 to similar to 40%), the reasons for which are incompletely understood. The extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) form of orthopoxvirus progeny is hypothesized to disseminate infection. Investigations with the closely related Orthopoxvirus vaccinia. have associated increased comet formation (EEV production) with increased mouse mortality (pathogenicity). Other vaccinia virus genetic manipulations which affect EEV production inconsistently support this association. However, antisera against vaccinia. virus envelope protect mice from lethal challenge, further supporting a critical role for EEV in pathogenicity. Here, we show that the increased comet formation phenotypes of a diverse collection of variola viruses associate with strain phylogeny and geographical origin, but not with increased outbreak-related CFRs; within clades, there may be an association of plaque size with CFR. The mechanisms for variola virus pathogenicity probably involves multiple host and pathogen factors. C1 [Olson, Victoria A.; Karem, Kevin L.; Smith, Scott K.; Hughes, Christine M.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Team,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Ente, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Olson, VA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Team,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Ente, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mail Stop G-06,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vao9@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1099/vir.0.008169-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 429DF UT WOS:000264900300002 PM 19264626 ER PT J AU Grzywacz, JG Alterman, T Muntaner, C Gabbard, S Nakamoto, J Carroll, DJ AF Grzywacz, Joseph G. Alterman, Toni Muntaner, Carles Gabbard, Susan Nakamoto, Jorge Carroll, Daniel J. TI Measuring Job Characteristics and Mental Health Among Latino Farmworkers: Results from Cognitive Testing SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Latino farmworkers; Mental health; Job characteristics; Psychosocial factors; Cognitive testing; Survey items; Qualitative ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; LIFETIME PREVALENCE; FARM-WORKERS; DEPRESSION; CALIFORNIA; DISEASE; INJURY; RISK AB Background Few research instruments used in occupational stress research have been evaluated for acceptability and validity among immigrant Latino farmworkers. Methods Cognitive testing was completed with 40 migrant and seasonal farmworkers (21 women, 19 men) through two focus groups and 16 one-on-one interviews conducted in Texas and Florida. Participants responded to the K-6, a short form instrument designed to measure psychological distress, selected items from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and standard health items. Results The K-6 items were characterized as too long and using a higher "class'' language than farmworkers use. Further, the cultural connotation of several items in the K-6 was viewed as inappropriate by farmworkers. Demand items from the JCQ were interpreted inconsistently, whereas decision latitude items were consistently understood but viewed as irrelevant to farmworkers. Conclusions The results highlight the difficulties involved in conducting research with immigrant farmworkers, and they suggest that researchers interested in studying antecedents and consequences of farmworker mental health need to select instruments cautiously. C1 [Grzywacz, Joseph G.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Alterman, Toni] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Muntaner, Carles] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gabbard, Susan; Nakamoto, Jorge] JBS Int, Aguirre Div, Burlingame, CA USA. [Carroll, Daniel J.] Educ & Training Adm, Dept Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Grzywacz, JG (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM grzywacz@wfubmc.edu OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367; Grzywacz, Joseph/0000-0002-2308-7781 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10903-008-9170-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 645ZN UT WOS:000281504800009 PM 18690536 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TQ Reddy, V Sahl, S Kornstein, L Balter, S AF Nguyen, Trang Quyen Reddy, Vasudha Sahl, Sara Kornstein, Laura Balter, Sharon TI Importance of Travel in Domestically Acquired Typhoid Fever Infections: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Detection SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE New York City; Communicable disease control; Travel; Typhoid fever ID UNITED-STATES; VISITING FRIENDS; RELATIVES AB Approximately 25% of Salmonella typhi infections in the US occur among nontravelers. Two S. typhi infections in a major US metropolitan city acquired domestically in 2005 were epidemiologically linked to a S. typhi-infected Haitian traveler through their congregation meetings. This investigation highlighted the importance of integrating multiple methods of obtaining epidemiologic information, including laboratory evidence and multiple individual and group interviews. Physicians should consider typhoid fever in their differential diagnosis in communities with close ties to endemic areas. Education of communities whose residents travel regularly to typhoid-endemic areas can reduce infection and transmission risk. C1 [Nguyen, Trang Quyen; Reddy, Vasudha; Sahl, Sara; Balter, Sharon] Bur Communicable Dis, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Nguyen, Trang Quyen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nguyen, Trang Quyen] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Kornstein, Laura] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Nguyen, TQ (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,,CN 22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM tnguyen@health.nyc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10903-008-9155-1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 645ZN UT WOS:000281504800010 PM 18509759 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Page, EH Dowell, CR MacKenzie, BA Snawder, JE Sammons, DL AF Biagini, Raymond E. Page, Elena H. Dowell, Chad R. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Snawder, John E. Sammons, Debbie L. TI Allergic sensitization in US bakery workers SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Biagini, Raymond E.; Page, Elena H.; Dowell, Chad R.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Snawder, John E.; Sammons, Debbie L.] NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 182 SU 1 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44QN UT WOS:000209763603078 ER PT J AU Cole, AM Venkataraman, N Ruchala, P Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Stuchlik, O Pohl, J AF Cole, Alexander M. Venkataraman, Nitya Ruchala, Piotr Waring, Alan J. Lehrer, Robert I. Stuchlik, Olga Pohl, Jan TI Reawakening Retrocyclins: Ancestral Human Defensins Active Against HIV-1 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cole, Alexander M.; Venkataraman, Nitya] Univ Cent Florida, Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruchala, Piotr; Waring, Alan J.; Lehrer, Robert I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Stuchlik, Olga; Pohl, Jan] CDC, CCID NCPDCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 182 SU 1 MA 133.49 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44QN UT WOS:000209763602279 ER PT J AU Patel, JR Christoph, BT Hussain, SF Vora, KP Ranjan, P Sambhara, S Gangappa, S AF Patel, Jenish R. Christoph, Bradley T. Hussain, Sakina F. Vora, Keyur P. Ranjan, Priya Sambhara, Suryaprakash Gangappa, Shivaprakash TI Impact of NADPH Oxidase Inhibition on Influenza A Virus-induced Inflammation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patel, Jenish R.; Christoph, Bradley T.; Hussain, Sakina F.; Vora, Keyur P.; Ranjan, Priya; Sambhara, Suryaprakash; Gangappa, Shivaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 182 SU 1 MA 134.80 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44QN UT WOS:000209763602316 ER PT J AU Fagan, RP McLaughlin, JB Middaugh, JP AF Fagan, Ryan P. McLaughlin, Joseph B. Middaugh, John P. TI Persistence of Botulinum Toxin in Patients' Serum: Alaska, 1959-2007 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Persistence of circulating toxin in patients with foodborne botulism is not well characterized. Recommendations for administration of botulinum antitoxin are ambiguous for patients with late-presenting disease, such as a Florida woman with toxin-positive serum 12 days after toxin ingestion. We reviewed Alaska records of foodborne outbreaks of botulism that occurred during 1959-2007 to examine the period after ingestion during which toxin was detected. Of 64 cases with toxin-positive serum, toxin was detected up to 11 days after ingestion. The findings from Alaska and Florida support administration of antitoxin up to 12 days after toxin ingestion but do not indicate when circulating toxin should no longer be present. C1 [Fagan, Ryan P.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McLaughlin, Joseph B.] Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. [Middaugh, John P.] So Nevada Hlth Dist, Div Community Hlth, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Fagan, RP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM fev3@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1031 DI 10.1086/597310 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 417DU UT WOS:000264056600014 PM 19203262 ER PT J AU Yassaee, M Albrecht, J Hutchins, S Okawa, J Martinez, ZB Moghadam-Kia, S Taylor, L Coley, C Werth, V AF Yassaee, M. Albrecht, J. Hutchins, S. Okawa, J. Martinez, Z. Bonilla Moghadam-Kia, S. Taylor, L. Coley, C. Werth, V. TI Diagnostic accuracy of using telemedicine to evaluate vesicular or pustular rash illnesses SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Investigative-Dermatology CY MAY 06-09, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Soc Investigat Dematol C1 [Yassaee, M.; Werth, V.] VA Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Yassaee, M.; Okawa, J.; Moghadam-Kia, S.; Taylor, L.; Coley, C.; Werth, V.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Albrecht, J.] John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. [Martinez, Z. Bonilla] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Hutchins, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 129 MA 289 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 430MU UT WOS:000264994000289 ER PT J AU Freeman, MM Kerin, T Hull, J Teel, E Esona, M Parashar, U Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Freeman, M. M. Kerin, T. Hull, J. Teel, E. Esona, M. Parashar, U. Glass, R. I. Gentsch, J. R. TI Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel G12 Rotaviruses in the United States: A Molecular Search for the Origin of a New Strain SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; classification; evolution; genetic shift; vaccine ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; VP6 GENES; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; EMERGENCE; SEROTYPE; INDIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Rotavirus serotype G12 was initially identified in the Philippines in 1987 and was not described again until it reemerged more than 13 years later. G12 strains were first detected in the United States in 2002 and have recently assumed a worldwide distribution. The high similarity between the sequence of the major outer capsid VP7 gene of human G12 strains and the single porcine G12 isolate raised the prospect that human strains may have arisen through reassortment with porcine strains or, alternatively, that the porcine strain originally came from humans. We sequenced portions of the remaining 10 segments of two human G12 strains (G12P[8] and G12P[61]) and a currently circulating common strain (GlP[8]) identified during the 2005-2006 surveillance season and compared the sequences with those of strains available through GenBank. By comparison, the three strains were all Wa-like and not porcine-like. A newly outlined classification system proposed genotypes for each gene segment based on nucleotide similarity. Using this approach, gene segments VP1-3, VP6 and NSP1-5 grouped within the same genotype, indicating that the three strains analyzed were closely related. These results suggest that the novel G12P[8] strain could have been formed by the solitary introduction of a VP7 gene into a globally common rotavirus strain, GlP[8]. Classifying rotavirus strains based only on VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotype potentially underestimates diversity and sequence analysis of the other segments is required to assess the complete genetic relationships between strains. J. Med. Virol. 81:736-746, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Freeman, M. M.; Kerin, T.; Hull, J.; Teel, E.; Esona, M.; Gentsch, J. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parashar, U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Glass, R. I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Freeman, MM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmfreeman@cdc.gov FU Atlanta Research and Education Foundation FX Grant sponsor: Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (to T. Kerin and E. Teel). NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 736 EP 746 DI 10.1002/jmv.21446 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 413AS UT WOS:000263765900023 PM 19235867 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Williams, A Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, JoAnn S. Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Williams, Allison Barnwell, John W. TI TRANSMISSION OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI TO AOTUS NANCYMAAE MONKEYS AND RELAPSE SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AZARAE-BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; SALVADOR I-STRAIN; VIVAX; INFECTION; MALARIA AB Forty-four splenectomized Aotus nancymaae monkeys were infected with 6 different strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi. 11 via trophozoites and 33 via sporozoites. Sporozoites from Anopheles dirus. Anopheles freeborni. Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles maculatus, and Anopheles stephensi resulted in prepatent periods ranging from 9 to 39 days (median of 15 days). Importantly, relapse was demonstrated in 5 of 5 sporozoite-induced infections with the Rossan strain following treatment with chloroquine. C1 [Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1645/GE-1797.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 444BT UT WOS:000265955800014 PM 18788885 ER PT J AU Yanni, E Grosse, SD Yang, QH Olney, RS AF Yanni, Emad Grosse, Scott D. Yang, QuanHe Olney, Richard S. TI Trends in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease-Related Mortality in the United States, 1983-2002 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; NATIONAL TRENDS; CHILDREN; PROPHYLAXIS; MENINGITIS; MANAGEMENT; PENICILLIN; VACCINE; CARE AB Objective To analyze trends in sickle cell disease (SCD)-related mortality among black children during 1983-2002. Study design Using the multiple-cause mortality files compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, we analyzed deaths among children classified as black who were age 14 years and younger and had SCD identified on their death certificates. Results Relative to the rate for 1983-1986, the SCD mortality rate for 1999-2002 decreased by 68% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58% to 75%) at age 0 to 3 years, by 39% (95% CI = 16% to 56%) at age 4 to 9 years, and by 24% (95% CI = -9% to 47%) at age 10 to 14 years. For the most recent period studied, a significant (42%) reduction in mortality at age 0 to 3 years was seen between 1995-1998 and 1999-2002, with essentially no reduction in SCD mortality at older ages. Conclusions Recent decreases in SCD mortality in black children under age 4 years coincided with the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2000, although temporal association is not evidence of causation. The lack of significant recent reduction in SCD mortality in older children indicates the need for new treatment approaches. (J Pediatr 2009;154:541-5) C1 [Yanni, Emad; Grosse, Scott D.; Yang, QuanHe; Olney, Richard S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yanni, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eyanni@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 154 IS 4 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.052 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 427VU UT WOS:000264808000018 PM 19028391 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Herrera-Abreu, M Lerche-Sehm, J Vlachojannis, C Pikdoken, L Pretzl, B Schwartz, A Papapanou, PN AF Dye, Bruce A. Herrera-Abreu, Miriam Lerche-Sehm, Julia Vlachojannis, Christian Pikdoken, Levent Pretzl, Bernadette Schwartz, Aaron Papapanou, Panos N. TI Serum Antibodies to Periodontal Bacteria as Diagnostic Markers of Periodontitis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibody; immunoglobulin G; NHANES; periodontitis; serum ID PARTIAL RECORDING PROTOCOLS; CHECKERBOARD ASSESSMENTS; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NHANES-III; DISEASE; RESPONSES; SEVERITY; TESTS; INDEX AB Background: Assessment of periodontal conditions in epidemiologic studies usually requires a clinical examination, which is resource-intensive. We investigated the ability of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to periodontal bacteria to reflect clinical periodontal status. Methods: We used checkerboard immunoblotting to assess serum IgG levels to 19 species, including established/putative periodontal pathogens and non-pathogenic bacteria, in 5,747 dentate adults aged >= 40 years who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1988 and 1994. Three earlier described alternative definitions of periodontitis were used, based on specific combinations of probing depth and attachment level values. Optimized elevated titer thresholds and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each definition. Titers significantly associated with periodontitis were identified in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Parsimonious models were subsequently developed using age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes. Results: In unadjusted models, high titers to Porphyromonas gingivalis were most strongly associated with periodontitis across all definitions (odds ratio, 2.07 to 2.74; P<0.05). In parsimonious models including demographic data, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes, high P. gingivalis titers were consistently associated with periodontitis, whereas high Eubacterium nodatum titers were associated with periodontal health in two of three definitions. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the parsimonious multivariable models showed that the area under the curve ranged between 0.72 and 0.78. Conclusions: Serum IgG titers to selected periodontal species, combined with demographic and behavioral characteristics, resulted in a moderately accurate classification of periodontal status in epidemiologic studies. The external validity of these findings must be examined further. J Periodontol 2009;80:634-647. C1 [Herrera-Abreu, Miriam; Lerche-Sehm, Julia; Vlachojannis, Christian; Pikdoken, Levent; Pretzl, Bernadette; Schwartz, Aaron; Papapanou, Panos N.] Columbia Univ, Coll Dent Med, Div Periodont, Sect Oral & Diagnost Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Dye, Bruce A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Pikdoken, Levent] Haydarpasa Training Hosp, Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Sect Periodont, Dept Dent, Istanbul, Turkey. [Pretzl, Bernadette] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Clin Oral Dent & Maxillofacial Dis, Dept Conservat Dent, Sect Periodontol, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Papapanou, PN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Dent Med, Div Periodont, Sect Oral & Diagnost Sci, 630 W 168th St,PH 7-E-10, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM pp192@columbia.edu FU American Heart Association, New York Affiliate, New York [256205T] FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association, New York Affiliate, New York, New York (grant-in-aid #256205T) to Dr. Papapanou. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 634 EP 647 DI 10.1902/jop.2009.080474 PG 14 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 433TD UT WOS:000265227800013 PM 19335084 ER PT J AU Berkelman, RL Khabbaz, RF AF Berkelman, Ruth L. Khabbaz, Rima F. TI The social ecology of infectious diseases SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Berkelman, Ruth L.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Khabbaz, Rima F.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berkelman, RL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0197-5897 EI 1745-655X J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PD APR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1057/jphp.2008.65 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 433PZ UT WOS:000265219600010 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Woodard, J Fang, F Schwartz, TA Nelson, AE Abbate, LM Callahan, LF Kalsbeek, WD Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, Joanne M. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Luta, Gheorghe Dragomir, Anca D. Woodard, Janice Fang, Fang Schwartz, Todd A. Nelson, Amanda E. Abbate, Lauren M. Callahan, Leigh F. Kalsbeek, William D. Hochberg, Marc C. TI Prevalence of Hip Symptoms and Radiographic and Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSTEOARTHRITIS; HIP PAIN; RACIAL DISPARITIES ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ARTHRITIS; CARE; EXPENDITURES; ADULTS; IMPACT AB Objective. To report contemporary estimates of the prevalence of hip-related osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes in African Americans and Caucasians aged >= 45 years. Methods. Weighted prevalence estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for hip symptoms, radiographic hip OA, symptomatic hip OA, and severe radiographic hip OA were calculated using SUDAAN (R) for age, race, and sex subgroups among 3068 participants (33% African Americans, 38% men) in the baseline examination (1991-97) of The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based stud), of OA in North Carolina. Radiographic hip OA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade >= 2, moderate/severe radiographic hip OA as grades 3 and 4, and symptomatic hip OA as hip symptoms in a hip with radiographic OA. Results. Hip symptoms were present in 36%; 28% had radiographic hip OA; nearly 10% had symptomatic hip OA and 2.5% had moderate/severe radiographic hip OA. Prevalence of all 4 outcomes was higher in older individuals; most Outcomes were higher for women and African Americans. Conclusion. African Americans in this population do not have a lower prevalence of hip-related OA outcomes as previous studies suggested. Increasing public and health system awareness of the relatively high prevalence of these outcomes, which can be disabling, may help to decrease their effects and ultimately prevent them. (First Release March 15 2009; J Rheumatol 2009:36:809-15:, doi: 10.3899/jrheum.080677) C1 [Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.; Nelson, Amanda E.; Abbate, Lauren M.; Callahan, Leigh F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.; Abbate, Lauren M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Renner, Jordan B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schwartz, Todd A.; Kalsbeek, William D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hochberg, Marc C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, CB 7280,3300 Thurston Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012; OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207; Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632 FU Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health [S043, S3486]; National Institute of Arthritis; Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center [5-P60-AR30701]; Muhidisciplinary Clinical Research Center [5-P60-AR49465]; Arthritis and Immunology Training Grant (AEN) [T-32] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health S043 and S3486 (JMJ, JBR, GL, ADD, JW, FF, LFC, WDK): the National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center 5-P60-AR30701; Muhidisciplinary Clinical Research Center 5-P60-AR49465 (JMJ, JBR, GL, ADD, JW, FF, TAS, LMA, LFC); and a T-32 Arthritis and Immunology Training Grant (AEN). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.3899/jrheum.080677 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 430IO UT WOS:000264983000026 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Shults, RA AF Jones, Sherry E. Shults, Ruth A. TI Trends and Subgroup Differences in Transportation-Related Injury Risk and Safety Behaviors Among US High School Students, 1991-2007 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE injury; youth; transportation; helmets; seat belts; drinking and driving ID SEAT-BELT USE; TEENAGE DRIVERS; HELMET LEGISLATION; HEALTH POLICIES; PROGRAMS; INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS AB Seventy percent of unintentional injury-related fatalities-the leading cause of death among youth in the United States-are motor vehicle traffic related. Examining traffic-related safety, therefore, is crucial to public health. This study examines trends in traffic safety issues among US high school students: helmet use while riding a bicycle, seat belt use as a passenger, driving when drinking alcohol, and riding in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. Data from the 1991-2007 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) were analyzed. The YRBS is a self-administered, anonymous survey that uses a national probability sample of US students in public and private schools in grades 9-12. Demographic subgroup differences were determined for 2007 data using t tests. Temporal changes were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. From 1991 to 2007, the percentage of high school students who rarely or never wore bicycle helmets decreased from 96.2% to 85.1%; decreases were also seen in the percentage who never wore a seat belt (from 25.9% to 11.1%), rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (39.9-29.1%), and who drove when drinking alcohol (16.7-10.5%). Although the trends are encouraging, many students still put themselves at risk. Policy approaches (eg, state or local laws or ordinances) complemented by community and school programs may be the best approach to reducing transportation-related injuries and fatalities. C1 [Jones, Sherry E.; Shults, Ruth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; rshults@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00386.x PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 416SA UT WOS:000264024600004 PM 19292849 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Gray, SK Malvitz, DR Gooch, BF AF Griffin, Susan O. Gray, Shellle Kolavic Malvitz, Dolores R. Gooch, Barbara F. TI Caries risk in formerly sealed teeth SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Dental sealants; pit-and-fissure sealants; retention; caries ID FISSURE SEALANT; GLASS-IONOMER; DENTAL-CARIES; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; OCCLUSAL CARIES; PIT; RETENTION; PROGRAM; RESIN; PREVENTION AB Background. The authors examined the risk of canes development in teeth with partially or fully lost sealant (formerly sealed [FS] teeth) relative to the risk in teeth that never have received sealants (never-sealed [NS] teeth). Methods. The authors searched the population of studies used in five reviews of sealant effectiveness as established in split-mouth design studies involving resin-based sealants with no reapplication of lost sealant. They required included studies to contain sufficient data to estimate the risk of caries in FS teeth relative to that in NS teeth (relative risk [RR] = % FS developing caries)/% NS developing caries) and its 95 percent confidence interval (CI). To estimate the mean RR by year since sealant placement, they used a weighted bivariate model and tested for heterogeneity using the quantity I(2). Results. The weighted mean RR was 0.998 (95 percent CI, 0.817-1.220), one year after placement (four studies, 345 tooth pairs) and 0.936 (95 per cent CI, 0.896-0.978) at four years (five studies, 1,423 tooth pairs). Conclusions. Teeth with fully or partially lost sealant were not at a higher risk of developing caries than were teeth that had never been sealed. Clinical Implications. Inability to provide a retention-check examination to all children participating in school sealant programs because of loss to follow-up should not disqualify a child from receiving sealants. C1 [Griffin, Susan O.; Gooch, Barbara F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Team, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Gray, Shellle Kolavic] Northrop Grumman, Publ Hlth Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malvitz, Dolores R.] Palladian Partners, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Team, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 4 BP 415 EP 423 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 430OS UT WOS:000264999000015 PM 19339530 ER PT J AU Markowitz, LE Unger, ER Saraiya, M AF Markowitz, Lauri E. Unger, Elizabeth R. Saraiya, Mona TI Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer - Opportunities and Challenges SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; NEOPLASIA C1 [Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lem2@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 7 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1093/jnci/djp044 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 428ZP UT WOS:000264890900001 PM 19318638 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Taylor, YJ Richardson, LC Howard, DL AF Ross, Louie E. Taylor, Yhenneko J. Richardson, Lisa C. Howard, Daniel L. TI Patterns in Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Use and Digital Rectal Examinations in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002-2006 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; prostate cancer; screening ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CAUCASIAN MEN; SELF-REPORTS; 4.0 NG/ML; PSA TEST; MORTALITY; ACCURACY AB Background: Studies have examined prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) use among men; however, few have examined use of these procedures together over time. This study examined use of the PSA test and DIRE among men over time and identified correlates associated with test use for the PSA test only, the DIRE only, and both procedures combined. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collected information on prostate cancer test use among 229574 men aged 40 or older over 3 years (2002, 2004, and 2006). Patterns of PSA test and DRE use were examined overall and by selected demographic and health-related characteristics. Correlates of recent PSA test and DIRE use were determined using logistic regression. Results: Overall trends for years 2002-2006 were a significant increase for PSA use only and a significant decrease of PSA and DIRE use combined. Having had a recent PSA test (within 2 years) only; a recent DIRE only; or both tests varied by sociodemographic and health-related variables, including age, race/ethnicity, marital status, levels of education and income, body mass index, health insurance status, and having a personal doctor or health care provider. Conclusion: Although major organizations are not in agreement about the efficacy of prostate cancer screening, the PSA test and DIRE continue to be utilized regularly by a majority of American men over age 40. PSA test and DIRE use in this population provide a basis for addressing issues related to screening. C1 [Ross, Louie E.; Taylor, Yhenneko J.; Howard, Daniel L.] Shaw Univ, Inst Hlth Social & Community Res, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Shaw Univ, Inst Hlth Social & Community Res, 900 S Wilmington St,Ste 204, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. EM lross@shawu.edu FU NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD000239] NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 316 EP 324 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 433HU UT WOS:000265195700003 PM 19397221 ER PT J AU Van Hoeven, N Belser, JA Szretter, KJ Zeng, H Staeheli, P Swayne, DE Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Van Hoeven, Neal Belser, Jessica A. Szretter, Kristy J. Zeng, Hui Staeheli, Peter Swayne, David E. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Pathogenesis of 1918 Pandemic and H5N1 Influenza Virus Infections in a Guinea Pig Model: Antiviral Potential of Exogenous Alpha Interferon To Reduce Virus Shedding SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; GENE PROTECTS MICE; A H5N1; HONG-KONG; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PLUS RIBAVIRIN AB Although highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have yet to acquire the ability to transmit efficiently among humans, the increasing genetic diversity among these viruses and continued outbreaks in avian species underscore the need for more effective measures for the control and prevention of human H5N1 virus infection. Additional small animal models with which therapeutic approaches against virulent influenza viruses can be evaluated are needed. In this study, we used the guinea pig model to evaluate the relative virulence of selected avian and human influenza A viruses. We demonstrate that guinea pigs can be infected with avian and human influenza viruses, resulting in high titers of virus shedding in nasal washes for up to 5 days postinoculation (p.i.) and in lung tissue of inoculated animals. However, other physiologic indicators typically associated with virulent influenza virus strains were absent in this species. We evaluated the ability of intranasal treatment with human alpha interferon (alpha-IFN) to reduce lung and nasal wash titers in guinea pigs challenged with the reconstructed 1918 pandemic H1N1 virus or a contemporary H5N1 virus. IFN treatment initiated 1 day prior to challenge significantly reduced or prevented infection of guinea pigs by both viruses, as measured by virus titer determination and seroconversion. The expression of the antiviral Mx protein in lung tissue correlated with the reduction of virus titers. We propose that the guinea pig may serve as a useful small animal model for testing the efficacy of antiviral compounds and that alpha-IFN treatment may be a useful antiviral strategy against highly virulent strains with pandemic potential. C1 [Van Hoeven, Neal; Belser, Jessica A.; Szretter, Kristy J.; Zeng, Hui; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Staeheli, Peter] Univ Freiburg, Dept Virol, Freiburg, Germany. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 NR 86 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 7 BP 2851 EP 2861 DI 10.1128/JVI.02174-08 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 417AE UT WOS:000264046000006 PM 19144714 ER PT J AU Timm, SF Munson, L Summers, BA Terio, KA Dubovi, EJ Rupprecht, CE Kapil, S Garcelon, DK AF Timm, Steven F. Munson, Linda Summers, Brian A. Terio, Karen A. Dubovi, Edward J. Rupprecht, Charles E. Kapil, Sanjay Garcelon, David K. TI A SUSPECTED CANINE DISTEMPER EPIDEMIC AS THE CAUSE OF A CATASTROPHIC DECLINE IN SANTA CATALINA ISLAND FOXES (UROCYON LITTORALIS CATALINAE) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canine distemper virus; demography; feral cats; island fox; raccoon; serology; toxoplasmosis; Urocyon littoralis ID VIRUS; CALIFORNIA AB The island fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) population on Santa Catalina Island, California, USA declined precipitously in 1999 with an approximate 95% reduction on their eastern range, an area representing 87% of the island. During this investigation, between October 1999 and April 2000, evidence of live foxes dramatically decreased. The only carcass recovered during the decline succumbed to a co-infection of canine distemper virus (CDV) and toxoplasmosis. Sequence analysis of the viral P gene, derived by polymerase chain reaction, indicated that the virus was closely related to CDV from a mainland USA raccoon (Procyon lotor). Nine of 10 foxes trapped in 1999-2000, on the eastern portion of the island after the decline, had serologic evidence of exposure to CDV, whereas only four of 19 foxes trapped in this region in 1998 had antibodies reactive against CDV. The confirmation of CDV in one deceased fox, evidence of exposure to CDV in east-end foxes in 1999-2000 compared to 1998, and documentation of raccoon introductions to the island, implicates canine distemper as the cause of the population decline. C1 [Munson, Linda] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Summers, Brian A.] Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Infect Dis, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. [Terio, Karen A.] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kapil, Sanjay] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK USA. [Timm, Steven F.; Garcelon, David K.] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. RP Timm, SF (reprint author), E9731 Co, Westby, WI 54667 USA. EM stimm@mwt.net FU Santa Catalina Island Conservancy; Institute for Wildlife Studies; Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis FX We thank P. Schuyler and the staff of the Santa Catalina Island Conservancy for their support and Cooperation in this investigation. We also thank F. Starkey for assistance in GPS trap locations and fox sightings, W. Bushing for geographic information, G. Schmidt for design of the maps and for technical assistance, B. Gonzales for consultation throughout the investigation, and J. Stokely, T. Gebr, and R. Peebles for field assistance. We further thank Stacy Schultz for excellent technical assistance in the molecular identification of the virus. This investigation was supported by the Santa Catalina Island Conservancy, the Institute for Wildlife Studies, and the Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 441EY UT WOS:000265753300009 PM 19395743 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Harrison, L D'Angelo, D Morrow, B AF Ahluwalia, Indu B. Harrison, Leslie D'Angelo, Denise Morrow, Brian CA PRAMS Team TI Medicaid Coverage before Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSURANCE-COVERAGE; WELFARE-REFORM; PRENATAL-CARE; WOMEN AB Access to healthcare, especially for women of reproductive age, is important to preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum care and ultimately to the well-being of women and their families. In this issue, we highlight data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System ( PRAMS) regarding low-income women's access to Medicaid before becoming pregnant. From 1997 through 2006, the data showed considerable variation across the United States in the prevalence of Medicaid coverage before pregnancy among women with recent live births. Overall, approximately 15% of U. S. women participating in PRAMS reported coverage with Medicaid before pregnancy during 2006. State and local percentages ranged from 5% in Utah to 28% in New York City. Research is needed to understand how health insurance coverage affects access to preconception, prenatal, and postnatal services for reproductive- age women, especially low-income women. Research also is needed to identify how PRAMS data can be used to guide programs and policies intended to reduce adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. C1 [Ahluwalia, Indu B.; Harrison, Leslie; D'Angelo, Denise; Morrow, Brian; PRAMS Team] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Iahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1089/jwh.2009.1358 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 431QL UT WOS:000265077800001 PM 19361307 ER PT J AU Hoad, KA van't Hoog, AH Rosen, D Marston, B Nyabiage, L Williams, BG Dye, C Cheng, RCH AF Hoad, K. A. van't Hoog, A. H. Rosen, D. Marston, B. Nyabiage, L. Williams, B. G. Dye, C. Cheng, R. C. H. TI Modelling local and global effects on the risk of contracting Tuberculosis using stochastic Markov-chain models SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis transmission; Markov-chain model; Local; Global effects; Time/spatial clustering; Community randomised trial ID DYNAMICS; DISEASE AB For some diseases, the transmission of infection can cause spatial clustering of disease cases. This clustering has an impact on how one estimates the rate of the spread of the disease and on the design of control strategies. It is, however, difficult to assess such clustering, (local effects on transmission), using traditional statistical methods. A stochastic Markov-chain model that takes into account possible local or more dispersed global effects on the risk of contracting disease is introduced in the context of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis. The model is used to analyse TB notifications collected in the Asembo and Gem Divisions of Nyanza Province in western Kenya by the Kenya Ministry of Health/National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The model shows evidence of a pronounced local effect that is significantly greater than the global effect. We discuss a number of variations of the model which identify how this local effect depends on factors such as age and gender. Zoning/clustering of villages is used to identify the influence that zone size has on the model's ability to distinguish local and global effects. An important possible use of the model is in the design of a community randomised trial where geographical clusters of people are divided into two groups and the effectiveness of an intervention policy is assessed by applying it to one group but not the other. Here the model can be used to take the effect of case clustering into consideration in calculating the minimum difference in an outcome variable (e.g. disease prevalence) that can be detected with statistical significance. It thereby gauges the potential effectiveness of such a trial. Such a possible application is illustrated with the given time/spatial TB data set. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoad, K. A.; Cheng, R. C. H.] Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Coventry CV4 7AL, Warwick, England. [van't Hoog, A. H.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Rosen, D.; Marston, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nyabiage, L.] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Williams, B. G.; Dye, C.] WHO, STOP TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hoad, K. A.; Cheng, R. C. H.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Hoad, KA (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Univ Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, Warwick, England. EM kathryn.hoad@wbs.ac.uk FU EPSRC FX We are indebted to the Kenya Ministry of Health/National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program for availing their TB surveillance data. This research was funded by the EPSRC. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 218 IS 2 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2009.01.002 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 435RY UT WOS:000265362200004 PM 19563744 ER PT J AU Bokhour, BG Pugh, MJ Rao, JK Avetisyan, R Berlowitz, DR Kazis, LE AF Bokhour, Barbara G. Pugh, Mary Jo Rao, Jaya K. Avetisyan, Ruzan Berlowitz, Dan R. Kazis, Lewis E. TI Improving Methods for Measuring Quality of Care A Patient-Centered Approach in Chronic Disease SO MEDICAL CARE RESEARCH AND REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med DE quality indicators; patient-centered care; chronic disease; epilepsy; qualitative methods ID HEALTH-CARE; PATIENTS PERSPECTIVE; EPILEPSY; INTERVENTIONS; PERCEPTIONS; DEPRESSION; IMPACT; VIEWS; AGREE AB As health care systems seek to provide patient-centered care as a cornerstone of quality, how to measure this aspect of quality has become a concern. Previous development of quality indicators for treating individual chronic disease has rarely included patient perspectives on quality of care. Using epilepsy as an exemplar, the authors sought to develop an approach to measuring patient-centered quality of care. They conducted six focus groups with adults with epilepsy. Using qualitative methods, the authors initially identified 10 patient-generated quality indicators, 5 of which were subsequently rated, along with literature-based quality indicators, by an expert panel using a modified RAND appropriateness methodology. The authors discuss similarities and differences in aspects of care patients and providers value as essential for good quality. The process presented in this article may serve as a model for incorporating patient perceptions of quality into the future development of quality indicators for chronic diseases. C1 [Bokhour, Barbara G.; Berlowitz, Dan R.; Kazis, Lewis E.] Edith Nourse Rogers Mem Vet Aff Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Qual Outcomes & Econ Res, Bedford, MA USA. [Bokhour, Barbara G.; Avetisyan, Ruzan; Berlowitz, Dan R.; Kazis, Lewis E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Pugh, Mary Jo] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Evidence Based Res Disseminat Implementat Ctr, Res Enhancement Award Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pugh, Mary Jo] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Rao, Jaya K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rao, Jaya K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bokhour, BG (reprint author), Edith Nourse Rogers Mem Vet Aff Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Qual Outcomes & Econ Res, Bedford, MA USA. OI Bokhour, Barbara/0000-0001-8238-0745; Kazis, Lewis/0000-0003-1800-5849 FU PHS HHS [ASPH S3492] NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5587 J9 MED CARE RES REV JI Med. Care Res. Rev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 147 EP 166 DI 10.1177/1077558708327174 PG 20 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 420JD UT WOS:000264284700002 PM 19074307 ER PT J AU Mayer-Davis, EJ Ma, B Lawson, A D'Agostino, RB Liese, AD Bell, RA Dabelea, D Dolan, L Pettitt, DJ Rodriguez, BL Williams, D AF Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Ma, Bo Lawson, Andrew D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Liese, Angela D. Bell, Ronny A. Dabelea, Dana Dolan, Lawrence Pettitt, David J. Rodriguez, Beatriz L. Williams, Desmond CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications of a Factor Analysis of Clustering SO METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; COMPLICATIONS; SENSITIVITY; MELLITUS; SEARCH; HEALTH AB Background: The extent to which cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors cluster in youth with a diagnosis of type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate potential clustering of traditional CVD risk factors that may reflect an unmeasured but unifying single pathology that may explain the phenomenon of the metabolic syndrome in these youths. Methods: Youths who participated in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study with diabetes diagnosed < 20 years, with current age > 10 years (maximum current age, 22 years) were included. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine statistical associations among CVD risk factors, including obesity, blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Diabetes type was defined by diabetes autoantibodies (DAA) and fasting C-peptide (FCP); type 1 (T1DM, DAA positive, and FCP < 0.8 ng/mL, n = 1198) and type 2 (T2DM, DAA negative, and FCP > 2.9 ng/mL, n = 95). For T1DM, the sample was split randomly and analyses were conducted separately in each split sample. Results: Among five prespecified data structures ranging from a single underlying factor to a hierarchical structure of factors, the worst-fitting model for both of the T1DM split samples was the single-factor structure and the best-fitting model was a three-correlated-factor structure. The three correlated factors identified were obesity, lipids, and blood pressure. Results were very similar for youths with T2DM. Conclusion: There is little evidence that a single factor underlies the CVD risk factor pattern in youths with diabetes. The concept of the metabolic syndrome provides a useful description of clinical characteristics but does not efficiently capture a single target for etiologic research among youths with diabetes. C1 [Bell, Ronny A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ma, Bo; Lawson, Andrew; Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Dispar, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ma, Bo; Lawson, Andrew; Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Dolan, Lawrence] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Pettitt, David J.] Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Rodriguez, Beatriz L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Dept Geriatr Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Williams, Desmond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [00097, DP-05-069]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000254, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000250] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the involvement of General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) at the following institutions in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: Medical University of South Carolina (grant number M01 RR01070); Cincinnati Children's Hospital (grant number M01 RR08084); Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine (grant number M01RR00037 and M01RR001271); Colorado Pediatric General Clinical Research Center (grant number M01 RR00069) NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-4196 J9 METAB SYNDR RELAT D JI Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. PD APR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1089/met.2008.0046 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 438XP UT WOS:000265589900003 PM 18847385 ER PT J AU Inoue, K Kabeya, H Kosoy, MY Bai, Y Smirnov, G McColl, D Artsob, H Maruyama, S AF Inoue, Kai Kabeya, Hidenori Kosoy, Michael Y. Bai, Ying Smirnov, George McColl, Dorothy Artsob, Harvey Maruyama, Soichi TI Evolutional and Geographical Relationships of Bartonella grahamii Isolates from Wild Rodents by Multi-locus Sequencing Analysis SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SP-NOV; SOUTHERN CHINA; SYNTHASE GENE; SMALL MAMMALS; COMB-NOV; PREVALENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; VINSONII AB To clarify the relationship between Bartonella grahamii strains and both the rodent host species and the geographic location of the rodent habitat, we have investigated 31 B. grahamii strains from ten rodent host species from Asia (Japan and China), North America (Canada and the USA), and Europe (Russia and the UK). On the basis of multi-locus sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA, groEL, ribC, and rpoB, the strains were classified into two large groups, an Asian group and an American/European group. In addition, the strains examined were clearly clustered according to the geographic locations where the rodents had been captured. In the phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, the Japanese strains were divided into two subgroups: one close to strains from China, and the other related to strains from Far Eastern Russia. Thus, these observations suggest that the B. grahamii strains distributed in Japanese rodents originated from two different geographic regions. In the American/European group, B. grahamii from the North American continent showed an ancestral lineage and strict host specificity; by contrast, European strains showed low host specificity. The phylogenetic analysis and host specificity of B. grahamii raise the possibility that B. grahamii strains originating in the North American continent were distributed to European countries by adapting to various rodent hosts. C1 [Inoue, Kai; Kabeya, Hidenori; Maruyama, Soichi] Nihon Univ, Dept Vet Med, Coll Bioresource Sci, Lab Vet Publ Hlth, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. [Smirnov, George] Russian Acad Med Sci, NF Gamaleya Epidemiol & Microbiol Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [McColl, Dorothy; Artsob, Harvey] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Kosoy, Michael Y.; Bai, Ying] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Maruyama, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Dept Vet Med, Coll Bioresource Sci, Lab Vet Publ Hlth, 1866 Kameino, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. EM maruyama.soichi@nihon-u.ac.jp FU Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan FX This work was supported by a Grant for Academic Frontier Project, Surveillance and Control for Zoonoses, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and also supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9488-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 418VM UT WOS:000264177500015 PM 19219487 ER PT J AU Murphree, R Hackwell, N Mead, PS Bachand, A Stromdahl, EY AF Murphree, Rendi Hackwell, Nita Mead, Paul S. Bachand, Annette Stromdahl, Ellen Y. TI Prospective Health Assessment of Fort Campbell, Kentucky Patrons Bitten by Ticks SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; LONE STAR TICK; BORRELIA-LONESTARI DNA; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; UNITED-STATES; RASH ILLNESS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; EHRLICHIA-EWINGII AB Amblyomma americanum is an aggressive human-biting tick that transmits several known human pathogens and is associated with a Lyme disease-like illness of unknown etiology. To determine the frequency, distinguishing clinical characteristics, and etiology of A. americanum-associated illness and identify associated risk factors, a prospective study of adult tick-bite victims was conducted at Fort Campbell from 2005-2007. Forty-two participants submitted ticks, none of which contained Borrelia lonestari or B. burgdolferi DNA. Thirty-three participants completed a follow-up health survey; 14 reported at least one symptom; two had erythema migrans-like rash; eight sought medical evaluation for their symptoms. Findings suggest that a variety of symptoms are temporally associated with tick bite but data provide no clear evidence that reported symptoms were caused by an infectious process. Removing a tick by hand or being bitten on a limb may be a risk factor for illness. C1 [Murphree, Rendi; Mead, Paul S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Murphree, Rendi; Bachand, Annette] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hackwell, Nita] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Environm Hlth Sect, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. [Stromdahl, Ellen Y.] US Army, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Murphree, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 174 IS 4 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LB UT WOS:000278059600017 PM 19485114 ER PT J AU Wlasiuk, G Khan, S Switzer, WM Nachman, MW AF Wlasiuk, Gabriela Khan, Soofia Switzer, William M. Nachman, Michael W. TI A History of Recurrent Positive Selection at the Toll-Like Receptor 5 in Primates SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor 5; TLR5; adaptive evolution; d(N); d(S); premature stop codon; (392STOP)(TLR5) ID AMINO-ACID SITES; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; STOP CODON POLYMORPHISM; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CELL-LINE PANEL; NATURAL-SELECTION; HUMAN GENOME; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM AB Many genes involved in immunity evolve rapidly. It remains unclear, however, to what extent pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system in vertebrates are subject to recurrent positive selection imposed by pathogens, as suggested by studies in Drosophila, or whether they are evolutionarily constrained. Here, we show that Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a member of the Toll-like receptor family of innate immunity genes that responds to bacterial flagellin, has undergone a history of adaptive evolution in primates. We have identified specific residues that have changed multiple times, sometimes in parallel in primates, and are thus likely candidates for selection. Most of these changes map to the extracellular leucine-rich repeats involved in pathogen recognition, and some are likely to have an effect on protein function due to the radical nature of the amino acid substitutions that are involved. These findings suggest that vertebrate PRRs might show similar patterns of evolution to Drosophila PRRs, in spite of the acquisition of the more complex and specific vertebrate adaptive immune system. At shorter timescales, however, we found no evidence of adaptive evolution in either humans or chimpanzees. In fact, we found that one mutation that abolishes TLR5 function is present at high frequencies in many human populations. Patterns of variation indicate that this mutation is not young, and its high frequency suggests some functional redundancy for this PRR in humans. C1 [Wlasiuk, Gabriela; Khan, Soofia; Nachman, Michael W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wlasiuk, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. EM wlasiuk@email.arizona.edu FU NIH [GM074245] FX We especially thank the following people/institutions for providing DNA or tissue samples: Drs. M. Hammer, O. Ryder, and B. Beer, The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California, The Southwest National Primate Research Center, and the Gladys Porter, Toronto, San Diego, and Los Angeles Zoos. We thank Dr. W. Klimecki for providing access to the raw human sequence data deposited in the Innate Immunity Database, Dr. M. Saunders and Dr. H. Norton for help with analysis, A. Woerner for the use of scripts to handle/analyze polymorphism data, and Donata Vercelli, Armando Geraldes, Matt Dean, Jeff Good Tovah Salcedo, Miguel Carneiro, and Mari Sans-Fuentes for very useful discussions of the data. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This work was supported by an NIH grant to M.W.N. (GM074245). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NR 88 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 937 EP 949 DI 10.1093/molbev/msp018 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418ZK UT WOS:000264188700018 PM 19179655 ER PT J AU Luo, MH Estivariz, CF Schleicher, RL Bazargan, N Leader, LM Galloway, JR Ziegler, TR AF Luo, Menghua Estivariz, Concepcion F. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Bazargan, Niloofar Leader, Lorraine M. Galloway, John R. Ziegler, Thomas R. TI Prospective analysis of serum carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols in adults with short bowel syndrome undergoing intestinal rehabilitation SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Short bowel syndrome; Carotenoids; Vitamin A; Tocopherols; Parenteral nutrition ID PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RETINYL ESTERS; BETA-CAROTENE; ORAL DIET; ADAPTATION; ABSORPTION; TRIAL AB Objective: Carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols serve important roles in many key body functions. However, availability of these compounds may be decreased in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) due to decreased oral intake of fruits and vegetables and/or decreased intestinal absorption. Little information is available on serum concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols during chronic parenteral nutrition (PN) or during PN weaning. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine serum concentrations of a wide variety of carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols in patients with SBS undergoing an intensive 12-wk intestinal rehabilitation program. Methods: Twenty-one PN-dependent adult patients with SBS were enrolled in a 12-wk intestinal rehabilitation program, which included individualized dietary modification, multivitamin supplementation, and randomization to receive subcutaneous placebo (n = 9) or human growth hormone (0.1 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1); n = 12). PN weaning was initiated afters week 4 and advanced as tolerated Serum concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols were determined at baseline and at weeks 4 and 12. Results: A significant percentage of subjects exhibited low serum concentrations for carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol at study entry, and a few subjects had low concentrations of retinol (5%). Carotenoid and vitamin A valves did not improve over time, while alpha-tocopherol levels rose. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was negatively associated with PN lipid dose (r = -0.34, P < 0.008). Conclusion: Patients with SBS are depleted in diet-derived carotenoids despite oral and intravenous multivitamin supplementation and dietary adjustment during intestinal rehabilitation and PN weaning. Reduction of PN lipid infusion may improve serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luo, Menghua; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Luo, Menghua; Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Bazargan, Niloofar; Leader, Lorraine M.; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schleicher, Rosemary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Galloway, John R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Galloway, John R.; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Clin & Mol Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ziegler, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM tzieg01@emory.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DK55850]; General Clinical Research Center [K24 RR023356, M01 RR00039] FX The study was supported by grant R01 DK55850 from the National Institutes of Health and an investigator-initiated grant from Serono Inc., K24 RR023356 (to T.R.Z.), and grant M01 RR00039 from the General Clinical Research Center. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2008.10.003 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420HV UT WOS:000264280800005 PM 19081706 ER PT J AU Dorsey, RR Eberhardt, MS Ogden, CL AF Dorsey, Rashida R. Eberhardt, Mark S. Ogden, Cynthia L. TI Racial/Ethnic Differences in Weight Perception SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BLACK-WOMEN; BODY-SIZE; US ADULTS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SATISFACTION AB The objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence of weight misperception among adults using the most recent nationally representative data, according to measured weight category and to assess the relationship between weight misperception and race/ethnicity. Height and weight were measured as part of the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study sample consisted of 17,270 adults aged >= 20 years. BMI was categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), healthy weight (18.5 <= BMI < 25), overweight (25 <= BMI < 30), and obese (BMI >= 30). Subjects reported self-perception of weight status. Among study subjects, 31.7% of healthy weight adults, 38.1% of overweight adults, and 8.1% of obese adults incorrectly perceived their weight category. Among obese men, the odds of weight misperception were higher for non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 2.0-4.5) compared to non-Hispanic whites and for persons with less than a high school education (OR = 2.1; 95% Cl = 1.3-2.1), compared to those with some college education. Among obese women, the odds of weight misperception were higher for non-Hispanic blacks (OR = 3.4; 95% Cl = 1.4, 3.1) and Mexican Americans (OR = 1.9; 95% Cl = 1.2, 3.2) compared to non-Hispanic whites and for persons with less than high school education compared to those with some college education (OR = 5.5; 95% Cl = 3.3-9.3). Weight misperception is highly prevalent in the US population, and more frequent in racial/ethnic minorities, males, and in persons with lower educational levels. Addressing the issue of weight misperception may help address the problem of obesity in the United States by increasing awareness of healthy weight levels, which may subsequently have an impact on weight-related behavior change. C1 [Dorsey, Rashida R.; Eberhardt, Mark S.; Ogden, Cynthia L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Dorsey, Rashida R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dorsey, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rrdorsey@gmail.com RI Sriwisit, Sukhumaphorn/G-1405-2011 NR 27 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD APR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 790 EP 795 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.603 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 425TA UT WOS:000264658800034 PM 19148119 ER PT J AU Humiston, SG Albertin, C Schaffer, S Rand, C Shone, LP Stokley, S Szilagyi, PG AF Humiston, Sharon G. Albertin, Christina Schaffer, Stanley Rand, Cynthia Shone, Laura P. Stokley, Shannon Szilagyi, Peter G. TI Health care provider attitudes and practices regarding adolescent immunizations: A qualitative study SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE Adolescent immunization; HPV vaccination; Health care provider attitudes ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; POSITION PAPER; PEDIATRICIANS; VACCINE; SOCIETY; CHILD; STANDARDS; MEDICINE; STATES AB Objective: Assess health care providers' attitudes and practices regarding adolescent immunizations, including factors that either impede or facilitate vaccination. Methods: Focus groups-In 2005, 3 focus groups were conducted in Monroe County, NY for (1) urban primary care physicians (PCPs); (2) suburban PCPs; and (3) nurses from practices represented in PCP groups. Audiotaped discussions were transcribed and analyzed using Atlas.ti. Key informant interviews-We recruited knowledgeable informants (18 physicians, 6 nurses) from across the US. The authors conducted in-depth telephone interviews with the participants, typed their interview notes, and sent them to the participant for verification. Separately for nurses, urban physicians, and suburban physicians results for each question were listed and reviewed by the authors. Themes were added to those from the focus groups. Results: Three overarching themes were identified: professional buy-in (e.g., reimbursement, professional organization recommendations, disease-and vaccine characteristics, office consensus): parent/adolescent buy-in (e.g., school requirements, perception of MID recommendations, cost and insurance coverage, media reports, disease and vaccine characteristics, "vaccine fatigue"), and delivery factors (e.g., vaccine Supply, ordering, timing and scheduling, consent). Conclusions: Providers identified intertwined system issues that color their attitudes about adolescent immunization. Practice implications: Buy-in and delivery factors must be addressed before high immunization rates will be achieved. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, CA USA. [Humiston, Sharon G.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Humiston, Sharon G.; Albertin, Christina; Schaffer, Stanley; Rand, Cynthia; Shone, Laura P.; Szilagyi, Peter G.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester Ctr Adolescent Immunizat Res, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Humiston, SG (reprint author), Box 655,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM sharon_humiston@urmc.rochester.edu OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD APR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.pec.2008.09.012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 426WC UT WOS:000264738000016 PM 19157759 ER PT J AU Ambalavanan, N Carlo, WA D'Angio, CT McDonald, SA Das, A Schendel, D Thorsen, P Higgins, RD AF Ambalavanan, Namasivayam Carlo, Waldemar A. D'Angio, Carl T. McDonald, Scott A. Das, Abhik Schendel, Diana Thorsen, Poul Higgins, Rosemary D. CA Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst C TI Cytokines Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE logistic models; infant; premature; predictive value of tests ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; CHEMOKINE; PULMONARY; RANTES; DISEASE; BLOOD AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to develop multivariate logistic regression models for the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or death at postmenstrual age of 36 weeks by using clinical and cytokine data from the first 28 days. METHODS. For 1067 extremely low birth weight infants in the Neonatal Research Network of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, levels of 25 cytokines were measured in blood collected within 4 hours after birth and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Stepwise regression analyses using peak levels of the 25 cytokines and 15 clinical variables identified variables associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death by using variables selected through stepwise regression. Similar analyses were performed by using average cytokine values from days 0 to 21, days 0 to 3, and days 14 to 21. RESULTS. Of 1062 infants with available data, 606 infants developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or died. On the basis of results from all models combined, bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death was associated with higher concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, 6, 8, and 10 and interferon gamma and lower concentrations of interleukin 17, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and tumor necrosis factor beta. Compared with models with only clinical variables, the addition of cytokine data improved predictive ability by a statistically significant but clinically modest magnitude. CONCLUSIONS. The overall cytokine pattern suggests that bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death may be associated with impairment in the transition from the innate immune response mediated by neutrophils to the adaptive immune response mediated by T lymphocytes. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 1132-1141 C1 [Ambalavanan, Namasivayam; Carlo, Waldemar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. [D'Angio, Carl T.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [McDonald, Scott A.; Das, Abhik] Stat & Epidemiol Unit RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schendel, Diana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thorsen, Poul] Univ Aarhus, NANEA Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Higgins, Rosemary D.] Ctr Dev Biol & Perinatal Med, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, Neonatal Res Network, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ambalavanan, N (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, 525 New Hillman Bldg,619 S 20th St, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. EM ambal@uab.edu OI Ambalavanan, Namasivayam/0000-0003-0731-9092 FU Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health [M01 RR30, M01 RR32, M01 RR39, M01 RR44, M01 RR70, M01 RR80, M01 RR633, M01 RR750, M01 RR997, M01 RR6022, M01 RR7122, M01 RR8084, M01 RR16587]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R03 HD54420, U01 HD36790, U10 HD21364, U10 HD21373, U10 HD21385, U10 HD21397, U10 HD21415, U10 HD27851, U10 HD27853, U10 HD27856, U10 HD27871, U10 HD27880, U10 HD27881, U10 HD27904, U10 HD34216, U10 HD40461, U10 HD40492, U10 HD40498, U10 HD40521, U10 HD40689]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Y1-HD-5000-01] FX We are indebted to our medical and nursing colleagues and the infants and their parents who agreed to take part in this study. NR 39 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1141 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-0526 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 425UO UT WOS:000264663100008 PM 19336372 ER PT J AU Blossom, DB Chen, TH Li, J Langer, AJ Carpenter, LR Glenshaw, MT Gould, CV Weltman, A Srinivasan, A AF Blossom, D. B. Chen, T. H. Li, J. Langer, A. J. Carpenter, L. R. Glenshaw, M. T. Gould, C. V. Weltman, A. Srinivasan, A. TI Self-limited febrile syndromes temporally associated with the use of propofol for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE propofol; fever; adverse effects; endoscopy; disease outbreak ID INFECTION-CONTROL; ANESTHETIC AGENT; CONTAMINATION AB Purpose To investigate cases of febrile illnesses in patients who received propofol for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods Active case finding for patients who underwent endoscopy between I April and 30 May 2007 and suffered unexplained fever, chills, or myalgia within 48 hour after the procedure. We reviewed medications and clinical practices to find factors associated with the reactions. Results Seventy-four cases at eight facilities in five states were identified yielding a rate of 36 reactions per 1000 procedures, compared with a baseline rate of 0.6 per 1000. The majority of patients experienced self-limited fever (89.2%). chills (73.0%), or myalgia (63.5%). Blood samples from five patients were collected for culture; no organisms grew. All health care facilities that reported cases and fully participated in the investigation (n = 7) had received a common lot of propofol just before recognition of the first case. Bacterial endotoxin and sterility testing on unopened vials from this lot of propofol showed no abnormalities. Cases terminated after facilities stopped using the associated lot of propofol. Conclusions We found a temporal association between a particular lot of propofol and an outbreak of febrile illnesses at several healthcare facilities performing endoscopy. When propofol is used to sedate patients for endoscopy, fever is a rare outcome and healthcare professionals should investigate clusters of these reactions. Post-procedure surveillance is important to identify possible medication reactions. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Blossom, D. B.; Chen, T. H.; Li, J.; Langer, A. J.; Carpenter, L. R.; Glenshaw, M. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blossom, D. B.; Gould, C. V.; Srinivasan, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chen, T. H.; Weltman, A.] Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Langer, A. J.; Glenshaw, M. T.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Carpenter, L. R.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Blossom, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dblossom@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1002/pds.1696 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434CJ UT WOS:000265252500011 PM 19242954 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, N Cole, AL Ruchala, P Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Stuchlik, O Pohl, J Cole, AM AF Venkataraman, Nitya Cole, Amy L. Ruchala, Piotr Waring, Alan J. Lehrer, Robert I. Stuchlik, Olga Pohl, Jan Cole, Alexander M. TI Reawakening Retrocyclins: Ancestral Human Defensins Active Against HIV-1 SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RHESUS-MACAQUE LEUKOCYTES; PREMATURE STOP MUTATIONS; THETA-DEFENSINS; READ-THROUGH; NONSENSE MUTATIONS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ALPHA-DEFENSINS; RC-101; REGION AB Human alpha and beta defensins contribute substantially to innate immune defenses against microbial and viral infections. Certain nonhuman primates also produce theta-defensins-18 residue cyclic peptides that act as HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Multiple human theta-defensin genes exist, but they harbor a premature termination codon that blocks translation. Consequently, the theta-defensins (retrocyclins) encoded within the human genome are not expressed as peptides. In vivo production of theta-defensins in rhesus macaques involves the post-translational ligation of two nonapeptides, each derived from a 12-residue "demidefensin" precursor. Neither the mechanism of this unique process nor its existence in human cells is known. To ascertain if human cells retained the ability to process demidefensins, we transfected human promyelocytic cells with plasmids containing repaired retrocyclin-like genes. The expected peptides were isolated, their sequences were verified by mass spectrometric analyses, and their anti-HIV-1 activity was confirmed in vitro. Our study reveals for the first time, to our knowledge, that human cells have the ability to make cyclic theta-defensins. Given this evidence that human cells could make theta-defensins, we attempted to restore endogenous expression of retrocyclin peptides. Since human theta-defensin genes are transcribed, we used aminoglycosides to read-through the premature termination codon found in the mRNA transcripts. This treatment induced the production of intact, bioactive retrocyclin-1 peptide by human epithelial cells and cervicovaginal tissues. The ability to reawaken retrocyclin genes from their 7 million years of slumber using aminoglycosides could provide a novel way to secure enhanced resistance to HIV-1 infection. C1 [Venkataraman, Nitya; Cole, Amy L.; Cole, Alexander M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Burnett Coll Biomed Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruchala, Piotr; Waring, Alan J.; Lehrer, Robert I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Stuchlik, Olga; Pohl, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DSR, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cole, AM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Burnett Coll Biomed Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM acole@mail.ucf.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI052017, AI065430] FX This work was supported by grants AI052017 and AI065430 (to AMC) from the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 720 EP 729 AR e1000095 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000095 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 451VW UT WOS:000266500000003 PM 19402752 ER PT J AU Pearce, RJ Pota, H Evehe, MSB Ba, EH Mombo-Ngoma, G Malisa, AL Ord, R Inojosa, W Matondo, A Diallo, DA Mbacham, W van den Broek, IV Swarthout, TD Getachew, A Dejene, S Grobusch, MP Njie, F Dunyo, S Kweku, M Owusu-Agyei, S Chandramohan, D Bonnet, M Guthmann, JP Clarke, S Barnes, KI Streat, E Katokele, ST Uusiku, P Agboghoroma, CO Elegba, OY Cisse, B A-Elbasit, IE Giha, HA Kachur, SP Lynch, C Rwakimari, JB Chanda, P Hawela, M Sharp, B Naidoo, I Roper, C AF Pearce, Richard J. Pota, Hirva Evehe, Marie-Solange B. Ba, El-Hadj Mombo-Ngoma, Ghyslain Malisa, Allen L. Ord, Rosalynn Inojosa, Walter Matondo, Alexandre Diallo, Diadier A. Mbacham, Wilfred van den Broek, Ingrid V. Swarthout, Todd D. Getachew, Asefaw Dejene, Seyoum Grobusch, Martin P. Njie, Fanta Dunyo, Samuel Kweku, Margaret Owusu-Agyei, Seth Chandramohan, Daniel Bonnet, Maryline Guthmann, Jean-Paul Clarke, Sian Barnes, Karen I. Streat, Elizabeth Katokele, Stark T. Uusiku, Petrina Agboghoroma, Chris O. Elegba, Olufunmilayo Y. Cisse, Badara A-Elbasit, Ishraga E. Giha, Hayder A. Kachur, S. Patrick Lynch, Caroline Rwakimari, John B. Chanda, Pascalina Hawela, Moonga Sharp, Brian Naidoo, Inbarani Roper, Cally TI Multiple Origins and Regional Dispersal of Resistant dhps in African Plasmodium falciparum Malaria SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE TREATMENT; ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPIES; INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; CHLORPROGUANIL-DAPSONE TREATMENT; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; ANTIMALARIAL RESISTANCE; HIGH PREVALENCE AB Background: Although the molecular basis of resistance to a number of common antimalarial drugs is well known, a geographic description of the emergence and dispersal of resistance mutations across Africa has not been attempted. To that end we have characterised the evolutionary origins of antifolate resistance mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene and mapped their contemporary distribution. Methods and Findings: We used microsatellite polymorphism flanking the dhps gene to determine which resistance alleles shared common ancestry and found five major lineages each of which had a unique geographical distribution. The extent to which allelic lineages were shared among 20 African Plasmodium falciparum populations revealed five major geographical groupings. Resistance lineages were common to all sites within these regions. The most marked differentiation was between east and west African P. falciparum, in which resistance alleles were not only of different ancestry but also carried different resistance mutations. Conclusions: Resistant dhps has emerged independently in multiple sites in Africa during the past 10-20 years. Our data show the molecular basis of resistance differs between east and west Africa, which is likely to translate into differing antifolate sensitivity. We have also demonstrated that the dispersal patterns of resistance lineages give unique insights into recent parasite migration patterns. C1 [Pearce, Richard J.; Pota, Hirva; Ord, Rosalynn; Kweku, Margaret; Owusu-Agyei, Seth; Chandramohan, Daniel; Clarke, Sian; Lynch, Caroline; Roper, Cally] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Evehe, Marie-Solange B.; Mbacham, Wilfred] Univ Yaounde I, Ctr Biotechnol, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Ba, El-Hadj] Inst Rech Dev, Dakar, Senegal. [Mombo-Ngoma, Ghyslain; Grobusch, Martin P.] Albert Schweitzer Hosp, Med Res Unit, Lambarene, Gabon. [Mombo-Ngoma, Ghyslain] Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Tubingen, Germany. [Malisa, Allen L.] IHRDC, Ifakara, Tanzania. [Malisa, Allen L.] Sokoine Univ Agr, Dept Biol Sci, Fac Sci, Morogoro, Tanzania. [Inojosa, Walter] Doctors Africa CUAMM Angola, Luanda, Angola. [Matondo, Alexandre] Uige Prov Hosp, Uige, Angola. [Diallo, Diadier A.] CNRFP, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [van den Broek, Ingrid V.; Swarthout, Todd D.] Med Sans Frontieres, Manson Unit, London, England. [Getachew, Asefaw] Tigray Bur Hlth, Malaria Dept, Tigray, Ethiopia. [Dejene, Seyoum] Med Sans Frontieres Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Grobusch, Martin P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Infect Dis Unit, Div Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Grobusch, Martin P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bonnet, Maryline; Guthmann, Jean-Paul] Epictr, Paris, France. [Guthmann, Jean-Paul] Inst Veille Sanit, Paris, France. [Barnes, Karen I.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Streat, Elizabeth] Minist Hlth, Matola, Maputo Province, Mozambique. [Katokele, Stark T.; Uusiku, Petrina] Old State Hosp Grounds, Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Windhoek, Namibia. [Agboghoroma, Chris O.; Elegba, Olufunmilayo Y.] Natl Hosp Abuja, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. [Cisse, Badara] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. [A-Elbasit, Ishraga E.; Giha, Hayder A.] Univ Khartoum, Dept Biochem, Malaria Res Ctr, Khartoum, Sudan. [Giha, Hayder A.] Arabian Gulf Univ, Fac Med & Med Sci, Dept Biochem, Manama, Bahrain. [Kachur, S. Patrick] CDC, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rwakimari, John B.] Minist Hlth Uganda, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. [Chanda, Pascalina; Hawela, Moonga] Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Lusaka, Zambia. [Sharp, Brian; Naidoo, Inbarani] MRC, Malaria Res Lead Programme, Durban, South Africa. RP Pearce, RJ (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Trop Dis, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM Cally.Roper@lshtm.ac.uk RI Roper, Cally/K-2989-2013; OI Roper, Cally/0000-0002-6545-309X; Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina/0000-0003-3271-5265; Mbacham, Wilfred/0000-0002-3934-3233 FU Gates Malaria Partnership (GMP) FX The study was funded by the Gates Malaria Partnership (GMP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 AR e1000055 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000055 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 447TN UT WOS:000266214800007 PM 19365539 ER PT J AU Crill, WD Hughes, HR Delorey, MJ Chang, GJJ AF Crill, Wayne D. Hughes, Holly R. Delorey, Mark J. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Humoral Immune Responses of Dengue Fever Patients Using Epitope-Specific Serotype-2 Virus-Like Particle Antigens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROTEIN-DOMAIN-III; CROSS-REACTIVE EPITOPES; ENVELOPE-PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; EMERGING FLAVIVIRUSES AB Dengue virus (DENV) is a serious mosquito-borne pathogen causing significant global disease burden, either as classic dengue fever (DF) or in its most severe manifestation dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of dengue disease and there are estimated to be millions of infections annually; a situation which will continue to worsen with increasing expansion of the mosquito vectors and epidemic DF/DHF. Currently there are no available licensed vaccines or antivirals for dengue, although significant effort has been directed toward the development of safe and efficacious dengue vaccines for over 30 years. Promising vaccine candidates are in development and testing phases, but a better understanding of immune responses to DENV infection and vaccination is needed. Humoral immune responses to DENV infection are complex and may exacerbate pathogenicity, yet are essential for immune protection. In this report, we develop DENV-2 envelope (E) protein epitope-specific antigens and measure immunoglobulin responses to three distinct epitopes in DENV-2 infected human serum samples. Immunoglobulin responses to DENV-2 infection exhibited significant levels of individual variation. Antibody populations targeting broadly cross-reactive epitopes centered on the fusion peptide in structural domain II were large, highly variable, and greater in primary than in secondary DENV-2 infected sera. E protein domain III cross-reactive immunoglobulin populations were similarly variable and much larger in IgM than in IgG. DENV-2 specific domain III IgG formed a very small proportion of the antibody response yet was significantly correlated with DENV-2 neutralization, suggesting that the highly protective IgG recognizing this epitope in murine studies plays a role in humans as well. This report begins to tease apart complex humoral immune responses to DENV infection and is thus important for improving our understanding of dengue disease and immunological correlates of protection, relevant to DENV vaccine development and testing. C1 [Crill, Wayne D.; Hughes, Holly R.; Delorey, Mark J.; Chang, Gwong-Jen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Crill, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM wcrill@cdc.gov FU CDC, DVBID FX CDC, DVBID is a federally funded national public health Lab (USCDC) and all funding for this work was supported by such federal funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 71 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e4991 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004991 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437PY UT WOS:000265500600005 PM 19337372 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Kwong, JA Albarino, CG Lu, JJG Radoshitzky, SR Salazar-Bravo, J Farzan, M Spiropoulou, CF Choe, H AF Abraham, Jonathan Kwong, Jo Ann Albarino, Cesar G. Lu, Jiajie G. Radoshitzky, Sheli R. Salazar-Bravo, Jorge Farzan, Michael Spiropoulou, Christina F. Choe, Hyeryun TI Host-Species Transferrin Receptor 1 Orthologs Are Cellular Receptors for Nonpathogenic New World Clade B Arenaviruses SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER ARENAVIRUSES; STABLE SIGNAL PEPTIDE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; SARS-CORONAVIRUS; MACHUPO VIRUS; PATHOGENIC ARENAVIRUSES; MEMBRANE-FUSION; TACARIBE VIRUS AB The ability of a New World (NW) clade B arenavirus to enter cells using human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) strictly correlates with its ability to cause hemorrhagic fever. Amapari (AMAV) and Tacaribe (TCRV), two nonpathogenic NW clade B arenaviruses that do not use human TfR1, are closely related to the NW arenaviruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. Here we show that pseudotyped viruses bearing the surface glycoprotein (GP) of AMAV or TCRV can infect cells using the TfR1 orthologs of several mammalian species, including those of their respective natural hosts, the small rodent Neacomys spinosus and the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Mutation of one residue in human TfR1 makes it a functional receptor for TCRV, and mutation of four residues makes it a functional receptor for AMAV. Our data support an in vivo role for TfR1 in the replication of most, if not all, NW clade B arenaviruses, and suggest that with modest changes in their GPs the nonpathogenic arenaviruses could use human TfR1 and emerge as human pathogens. C1 [Abraham, Jonathan; Kwong, Jo Ann; Lu, Jiajie G.; Choe, Hyeryun] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Abraham, Jonathan] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Mol Med Lab, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Abraham, Jonathan] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Albarino, Cesar G.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Radoshitzky, Sheli R.; Farzan, Michael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Primate Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Salazar-Bravo, Jorge] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ccs8@cdc.gov; hyeryun.choe@childrens.harvard.edu FU National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI07487] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases to HC (R01 AI07487). JA is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gilliam fellow. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD APR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 AR e1000358 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000358 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 447UC UT WOS:000266216300003 PM 19343214 ER PT J AU Katz, JM Veguilla, V Belser, JA Maines, TR Van Hoeven, N Pappas, C Hancock, K Tumpey, TM AF Katz, J. M. Veguilla, V. Belser, J. A. Maines, T. R. Van Hoeven, N. Pappas, C. Hancock, K. Tumpey, T. M. TI The public health impact of avian influenza viruses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the Poultry-Science-Association CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE influenza virus; avian; pandemic; human health ID A H5N1 VIRUS; TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POULTRY WORKERS; LOW-FREQUENCY; HUMAN-BEINGS; INFECTION AB Influenza viruses with novel hemagglutinin and 1 or more accompanying genes derived from avian influenza viruses sporadically emerge in humans and have the potential to result in a pandemic if the virus causes disease and spreads efficiently in a population that lacks immunity to the novel hemagglutinin. Since 1997, multiple avian influenza virus subtypes have been transmitted directly from domestic poultry to humans and have caused a spectrum of human disease, from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. To assess the pandemic risk that avian influenza viruses pose, we have used multiple strategies to better understand the capacity of avian viruses to infect, cause disease, and transmit among mammals, including humans. Seroepidemiologic studies that evaluate the frequency and risk of human infection with avian influenza viruses in populations with exposure to domestic or wild birds can provide a better understanding of the pandemic potential of avian influenza subtypes. Investigations conducted in Hong Kong following the first H5N1 outbreak in humans in 1997 determined that exposure to poultry in live bird markets was a key risk factor for human disease. Among poultry workers, butchering and exposure to sick poultry were risk factors for antibody to H5 virus, which provided evidence for infection. A second risk assessment tool, the ferret, can be used to evaluate the level of virulence and potential for host-to-host transmission of avian influenza viruses in this naturally susceptible host. Avian viruses isolated from humans exhibit a level of virulence and transmissibility in ferrets that generally reflects that seen in humans. The ferret model thus provides a means to monitor emerging avian influenza viruses for pandemic risk, as well as to evaluate laboratory-generated reassortants and mutants to better understand the molecular basis of influenza virus transmissibility. Taken together, such studies provide valuable information with which we can assess the public health risk of avian influenza viruses. C1 [Katz, J. M.; Veguilla, V.; Belser, J. A.; Maines, T. R.; Van Hoeven, N.; Pappas, C.; Hancock, K.; Tumpey, T. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JKatz@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 4 BP 872 EP 879 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00465 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421SJ UT WOS:000264378300029 PM 19276438 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Mokdad, AH Walke, H As'ad, M Al-Nsour, M Zindah, M Arqoob, K Belbeisi, A AF Brown, David W. Mokdad, Ali H. Walke, Henry As'ad, Majed Al-Nsour, Mohannad Zindah, Meyasser Arqoob, Kamal Belbeisi, Adel TI Projected Burden of Chronic, Noncommunicable Diseases in Jordan SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brown, David W.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Washington, DC USA. [Walke, Henry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [As'ad, Majed; Zindah, Meyasser; Arqoob, Kamal] Jordan Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan. [Al-Nsour, Mohannad] Jordan Minist Hlth, Jordan Appl Epidemiol Programme, Amman, Jordan. [Belbeisi, Adel] Jordan Minist Hlth, Assistant Secretary Gen, Amman, Jordan. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A78 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000040 PM 19289021 ER PT J AU Callahan, LF Wiley-Exley, EK Mielenz, TJ Brady, TJ Xiao, CF Currey, SS Sleath, BL Sloane, PD DeVellis, RF Sniezek, J AF Callahan, Leigh F. Wiley-Exley, Elizabeth K. Mielenz, Thelma J. Brady, Teresa J. Xiao, Changfu Currey, Shannon S. Sleath, Betsy L. Sloane, Philip D. DeVellis, Robert F. Sniezek, Joseph TI Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients With Arthritis SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Introduction Previous studies suggest that people with arthritis have high rates of using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches for managing their arthritis, in addition to conventional treatments such as prescription medications. However, little is known about the use of CAM by diagnosis, or which forms of CAM are most frequently used by people with arthritis. This study was designed to provide detailed information about use of CAM for symptoms associated with arthritis in patients followed in primary care and specialty clinics in North Carolina. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we drew our sample from primary care (n = 1,077) and specialist (n = 1,063) physician offices. Summary statistics were used to calculate differences within and between diagnostic groups, practice settings, and other characteristics. Logistic regression models clustered at the site level were used to determine the effect of patient characteristics on ever and current use of 9 CAM categories and an overall category of "any use." Results Most of the participants followed by specialists (90.5%) and a slightly smaller percentage of those in the primary care sample (82.8%) had tried at least 1 complementary therapy for arthritis symptoms. Participants with fibromyalgia used complementary therapies more often than those with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or chronic joint symptoms. More than 50% of patients in both samples used over-the-counter topical pain relievers, more than 25% used meditation or drew on religious or spiritual beliefs, and more than 19% used a chiropractor. Women and participants with higher levels of education were more likely to report current use of alternative therapies. Conclusion Most arthritis patients in both primary care and specialty settings have used CAM for their arthritis symptoms. Health care providers (especially musculoskeletal specialists) should discuss these therapies with all arthritis patients. C1 [Callahan, Leigh F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Brady, Teresa J.; Sniezek, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Callahan, LF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, CB 7280,3300 Thurston Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Leigh_Callahan@med.unc.edu FU Department of Family Medicine; Thurston Arthritis Research Center; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U48/CCU409660] FX The NC-FM-RN is an organization dedicated to fostering practice-based research and is jointly sponsored by the Department of Family Medicine, the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in collaboration with the North Carolina Academy of Family Physicians. Participating family practices have included Biddle Point Health Center, Charlotte; Bladen Medical Associates, Elizabethtown; Blair Family Medicine, Wallace; Chatham Primary Care, Siler City; Community Family Practice, Asheville; Dayspring Family Medicine, Eden; Goldsboro Family Physicians, Goldsboro; Henderson Family Health Center, Hendersonville; North Park Medical Center, Charlotte; Orange Family Medical Center, Hillsborough; Person Family Medical Center, Roxboro; Robbins Family Practice, Robbins; South Cabarrus Family Physicians, Harrisburg, Concord, Mt. Pleasant, and Kannapolis; and Summerfield Family Practice, Summerfield.; This study was funded by the the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cooperative agreement no. U48/CCU409660. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A44 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000006 PM 19288987 ER PT J AU Davis, L Loyo, K Glowka, A Schwertfeger, R Danielson, L Brea, C Easton, A Griffin-Blake, S AF Davis, Lynn Loyo, Karina Glowka, Aerie Schwertfeger, Rick Danielson, Lisa Brea, Cecily Easton, Alyssa Griffin-Blake, Shannon TI A Comprehensive Worksite Wellness Program in Austin, Texas: Partnership Between Steps to a Healthier Austin and Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Background In 2003, Steps to a Healthier Austin was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to implement chronic disease prevention and health promotion activities. We report Steps to a Healthier Austin's partnership with Health & Lifestyles Corporate Wellness, Inc (Health & Lifestyles), to provide a worksite wellness program for Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Capital Metro), Austin's local transit authority. Context Capital Metro employs 1,282 people. In 2003, Health & Lifestyles was hired to help promote healthier lifestyles, increase employee morale, and combat rising health care costs and absenteeism rates. Methods Health & Lifestyles provided consultations with wellness coaches and personal trainers, a 24-hour company fitness center, personalized health assessments, and preventive screenings. The program expanded to include healthier food options, cash incentives, health newsletters, workshops, dietary counseling, smoking cessation programs, and a second fitness center. Consequences Participants in the wellness program reported improvements in physical activity, healthy food consumption, weight loss, and blood pressure. Capital Metro's total health care costs increased by progressively smaller rates from 2003 to 2006 and then decreased from 2006 to 2007. Absenteeism has decreased by approximately 25% since the implementation of the program, and the overall return on the investment was calculated to be 2.43. C1 [Loyo, Karina; Schwertfeger, Rick] City Austin, Travis Cty Hlth & Human Serv Dept, Austin, TX 78702 USA. [Glowka, Aerie; Danielson, Lisa; Brea, Cecily] Hlth & Lifestyles Corp Wellness Inc, Austin, TX USA. [Easton, Alyssa; Griffin-Blake, Shannon] CDC, Hlth Communities Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, L (reprint author), City Austin, Travis Cty Hlth & Human Serv, 7201 Levander Loop, Austin, TX 78702 USA. EM lynn.davis@ci.austin.tx.us NR 2 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A60 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000022 PM 19289003 ER PT J AU DeFries, EL McGuire, LC Andresen, EM Brumback, BA Anderson, LA AF DeFries, Erin L. McGuire, Lisa C. Andresen, Elena M. Brumback, Babette A. Anderson, Lynda A. TI Caregivers of Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Introduction Because of the growing number of caregivers and the awareness of related health and quality-of-life issues, caregiving has emerged as an important public health issue. We examined the characteristics and caregiving experiences of caregivers of people with and without cognitive impairment. Methods Participants (n = 668) were adults who responded to the 2005 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Caregivers were people who provided regular care to a family member or friend aged 60 years or older either with or without cognitive impairment (ie, memory loss, confusion, or Alzheimer's disease). Results Demographic characteristics of caregivers of people with cognitive impairment were similar to those of caregivers of people without cognitive impairment. However, compared with caregivers of people without cognitive impairment, caregivers of people with cognitive impairment reported higher levels of disability, were more likely to be paid, and provided care for a longer duration. Care recipients with cognitive impairment were more likely than care recipients without cognitive impairment to be older, have dementia or confusion, and need assistance with memory and learning. Conclusion State-level caregiving surveillance is vital in assessing and responding to the needs of the growing number of caregivers. C1 [DeFries, Erin L.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [McGuire, Lisa C.; Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP DeFries, EL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, POB 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM edefries@phhp.ufl.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities via the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research [PEP-2003-004]; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [200-2006-M-18187] FX Funding for this project for authors Andresen and DeFries was from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities via the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (grant no. PEP-2003-004) and the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (grant no. 200-2006-M-18187). We thank the team at the North Carolina BRFSS for their help in collecting the data used in our analyses and the members of the CDC's Behavioral Surveillance Branch for their assistance in developing the database. In addition, we thank Bill Garvin for his assistance and expertise in reweighting the data. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A46 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000008 PM 19288989 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, F Eke, PI Thornton-Evans, GO Griffin, SO AF Jaramillo, Freder Eke, Paul I. Thornton-Evans, Gina O. Griffin, Susan O. TI Acculturation and Dental Visits Among Hispanic Adults SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Introduction Acculturation may strongly influence use of or access to health services among Hispanics in the United States. We assessed the relationships between acculturation and use of oral health services among Hispanic adults in the United States. Methods Data were analyzed from Hispanic adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Hispanics were defined by self-report of Spanish or Hispanic heritage. Preference to be interviewed in English or Spanish was used as a proxy for acculturation. Having had a dental visit in the previous 12 months was used as a proxy for use of oral health services. Results English-speaking Hispanics were more likely to have had a dental visit in the previous 12 months compared with Spanish-speaking Hispanics (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.71). After controlling for potential confounders, language was not significantly associated with having had a dental visit (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.87-1.26; P = .61,). The most significant predictors for having had a dental visit in the previous 12 months were sex, education, income, and having health insurance. Conclusion Acculturation assessed by language spoken was not significantly associated with having had a dental visit in the previous 12 months among adult Hispanics in the United States. The common determinants of health care use, such as sex, income, level of education, and health insurance status, were the most significant predictors of use of oral health services among adult Hispanics. C1 [Jaramillo, Freder; Eke, Paul I.; Thornton-Evans, Gina O.; Griffin, Susan O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eke, PI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM PEke@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A50 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000012 PM 19288993 ER PT J AU Lang, JE Hersey, JC Isenberg, KL Lynch, CM Majestic, E AF Lang, Jason E. Hersey, James C. Isenberg, Karen L. Lynch, Christina M. Majestic, Elizabeth TI Building Company Health Promotion Capacity: A Unique Collaboration Between Cargill and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Background The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) helps protect the health and safety of all people. The workplace can be used to reach millions of workers and their families with programs, policies, and benefits that promote health. We describe a CDC-led project to build Cargill's workplace health promotion capacity and identify the importance of a company liaison in the public-private relationship. Context The project goals were to engage diverse Cargill personnel, conduct a workplace health assessment, aid in the development of a workplace health program action plan, and develop Cargill's internal capacity using knowledge and skill-building. Methods CDC partnered with Cargill on a workplace health promotion project to build Cargill's capacity. A multicomponent assessment was conducted to determine priority employee health issues, stakeholder meetings were held to engage and educate Cargill management and employees, and technical assistance was provided regularly between CDC and Cargill. Consequences Identifying a company liaison to work with an external assessment team is critical to building capacity for a successful workplace health project. This relationship creates an understanding of company culture and operations, facilitates access to key stakeholders and data, and provides opportunities to enhance capacity and sustainability. Interpretation Employers undertaking workplace health promotion projects should identify a senior-level person to serve as the company health leader or liaison and who can devote the time necessary to build trusting relationships with partners to ensure project success. This person is valuable in facilitating communications, data collection, logistical support, troubleshooting, and influencing employer workplace health practices. C1 [Lang, Jason E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hersey, James C.; Lynch, Christina M.] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Isenberg, Karen L.] RTI Int, Waltham, MA USA. RP Lang, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlang@cdc.gov FU CDC; CDC Foundation; Cargill FX This project was funded through a partnership between CDC, the CDC Foundation, and Cargill. We acknowledge the contributions of Jennifer Alexander, Olga Khavjou, and Pam Williams-Piehota of RTI International and Jenelda Thornton of CDC in data collection and analysis. We thank all of the Cargill managers and employees at both the local site and corporate headquarters for their interest and generosity in sharing their experiences and time throughout the worksite assessment process. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A62 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000024 PM 19289005 ER PT J AU Majestic, E AF Majestic, Elizabeth TI Public Health's Inconvenient Truth: The Need to Create Partnerships With the Business Sector SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Majestic, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM EMajestic@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A39 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000001 PM 19288982 ER PT J AU Malvitz, DM Barker, LK Phipps, KR AF Malvitz, Dolores M. Barker, Laurie K. Phipps, Kathy R. TI Development and Status of the National Oral Health Surveillance System SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB During the last 2 decades of the 20th century, few national, state, or local oral health programs were able to conduct public health surveillance in a timely fashion. Under the leadership of the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors and with substantial support from the Division of Oral Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Oral Health Surveillance System was established as a first step in helping oral health programs routinely document population needs and program impact with standard, feasible methods. In 1999, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists approved 7 oral health indicators for public health surveillance: 3 for adults (most recent dental visit, most recent dental cleaning, total tooth loss) using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; 3 for third-grade students (presence of treated or untreated dental caries, untreated tooth decay, dental sealants) collected by states using a standard screening protocol; and the percentage of the population served by public water systems that receives optimally fluoridated water, tracked through the Water Fluoridation Reporting System. The Web site that describes the National Oral Health Surveillance System (http://www.cdc.gov/nohss/) and provides access to current indicators was launched in 2001 with adult and water fluoridation data for all states; child indicators were added later. Data are now available electronically for 35 to 51 states (including the District of Columbia), depending on the indicator, indicating progress toward state-specific monitoring of these oral health indicators. C1 [Phipps, Kathy R.] Assoc State & Territorial Dent Directors, Morro Bay, CA USA. RP Barker, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance Invest & Res Team, Div Oral Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBarker@cdc.gov FU CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health [200-2006-M-17275] FX Work on this manuscript completed by Dolores M. Malvitz was funded through contract no. 200-2006-M-17275 from CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health. Stuart A. Lockwood, DMD, MPH, and other ASTDD former officers and members - particularly of its data committee - contributed their time, helping to reconstruct the history of oral health surveillance and reviewing working drafts of the history from the effort. In addition, members of the original work group for the National Oral Health Surveillance System offered their recollections and recommendations. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A66 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000028 PM 19289009 ER PT J AU McDonnell, S Bryant, C Harris, J Campbell, MK Lobb, A Hannon, PA Cross, JL Gray, B AF McDonnell, Sharon Bryant, Carol Harris, Jeff Campbell, Marci Kramish Lobb, Ano Hannon, Peggy A. Cross, Jeffrey L. Gray, Barbara TI The Private Partners of Public Health: Public-Private Alliances for Public Good SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McDonnell, Sharon] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Centers Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Peacham, VT 05862 USA. [Bryant, Carol] USF, Florida Prevent Res Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. [Harris, Jeff; Hannon, Peggy A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Campbell, Marci Kramish] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lobb, Ano] Dartmouth Med Sch, Barre, VA USA. [Cross, Jeffrey L.] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Gray, Barbara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDonnell, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Centers Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 197, Peacham, VT 05862 USA. EM sharon.mcdonnell@gmail.com FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000062, U48 DP000050, U48 DP000059, U48-DP-00005, U48-DP-000050, U48-DP-000062] NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A69 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000031 PM 19289012 ER PT J AU Pearson, WS Dube, SR Nelson, DE Caetano, R AF Pearson, William S. Dube, Shanta R. Nelson, David E. Caetano, Raul TI Differences in Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Hispanics in the United States, by Survey Language Preference, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Introduction Alcohol consumption is pervasive in the United States, and extent of alcohol consumption for the growing US Hispanic population needs further study. We examined the association between language chosen for a national health survey and alcohol use among Hispanic adults. Methods Hispanic participants aged 18 years and older (N = 20,234) from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were stratified by choice of language (English, n = 13,035; Spanish, n = 7,199) for completing the survey. Differences for these 2 groups in current alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, and binge drinking were determined by using X(2) analyses and logistic regression models. Results In bivariate associations, current drinking (P < .001), heavy drinking (P < .001), and binge drinking (P = .002) were significantly higher among participants who chose to complete the survey in English than among those who elected to complete the survey in Spanish. After controlling for demographic characteristics, associations between language choice and drinking behaviors were found to be greatest among women. Compared with women who chose to complete the survey in Spanish, women who chose to complete the survey in English were more than twice as likely to report current drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.02-2.91), heavy drinking (OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.44-10.10), and binge drinking (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.64-3.84). Conclusion This study suggests that language choice when completing a health survey is a predictor of high levels of alcohol use among Hispanic adults in the United States and that differences in drinking behaviors based on language choice for a survey are more profound among women. C1 [Pearson, William S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Caetano, Raul] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Caetano, Raul] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Pearson, WS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wpearson@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A53 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000015 PM 19288996 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Abraham, LA Anderson, LA AF Rao, Jaya K. Abraham, Lindsay A. Anderson, Lynda A. TI Novel Approach, Using End-of-Life Issues, for Identifying Items for Public Health Surveillance SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Using end-of-life (EOL) issues to provide context, we introduce a novel approach to identify potential items for public health surveillance. Our method involved an environmental scan of existing EOL surveys and included the following steps: 1) consulting experts for advice on critical EOL topics, 2) identifying a broad sample of EOL surveys, and 3) using an abstraction tool to characterize surveys and survey items. We identified 36 EOL surveys; of these, 10 were state-based surveys. Of the 1,495 EOL items (range, 4 to 126 items per survey), 333 items could be classified in 1 of 11 topic areas of interest. Information on the surveys and these 333 items was entered into a database. As a result of this process, we identified topics for which many EOL items already exist and topics for which items should be developed. We describe the value of this approach and potential next steps for our project. C1 [Rao, Jaya K.; Abraham, Lindsay A.; Anderson, Lynda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rao, Jaya K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Eshelman Sch Pharm, 2202 Kerr Hall,CB 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jayarao@unc.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A57 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000019 PM 19289000 ER PT J AU Williams, I Mears, G Raisor, C Wilson, J AF Williams, Ishmael Mears, Greg Raisor, Cindy Wilson, Jenny TI An Emergency Medical Services Toolkit for Improving Systems of Care for Stroke in North Carolina SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is partnering with the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors and the North Carolina Office of EMS to design, develop, and implement an emergency medical services (EMS) performance improvement toolkit to evaluate opportunities to improve the emergency identification and treatment of acute stroke. The EMS Acute Stroke Care Toolkit is being developed, tested, and implemented in all 100 counties in the state by the EMS Performance Improvement Center, the agency that provides technical assistance for EMS in North Carolina. The toolkit helps each EMS system in defining, measuring, and analyzing its system of care and promotes collaboration through public education, regional stroke planning with hospitals, EMS service configuration, EMS staffing patterns, EMS education, and timely care delivery. We outline the issues surrounding acute stroke care, the role of emergency medical systems in stroke care, and the components of the EMS Acute Stroke Care Toolkit designed to improve EMS systems and outcomes for stroke patients. C1 [Mears, Greg; Wilson, Jenny] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Raisor, Cindy] EMS Performance LLC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Williams, I (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Ishmael.Williams@cdc.hhs.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 AR A67 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20RV UT WOS:000208158000029 PM 19289010 ER PT J AU Keller, DP Schut, LJA Puddy, RW Williams, L Stephens, RL McKeon, R Lubell, K AF Keller, Dustin P. Schut, L. James A. Puddy, Richard W. Williams, Lygia Stephens, Robert L. McKeon, Richard Lubell, Keri TI Tennessee Lives Count: Statewide Gatekeeper Training for Youth Suicide Prevention SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE suicide prevention; gatekeeper training; child welfare; juvenile justice; public health nursing; education ID ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; RISK-FACTORS; CHILD AB Youth suicide remains a significant public health problem in the United States. In 2004, the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act provided states and tribes with funding to implement and evaluate youth suicide prevention programs. The Tennessee Lives Count project was developed through a collaborative model at the state level and delivers an enhanced version of the Question, Persuade, Refer gatekeeper training program to individuals working with youth across the state. This article describes the development of the project and preliminary outcomes of 416 participants in child welfare, juvenile justice, health, and education systems at pretest, postiest, and 6-month follow-up. The findings suggest the training has an immediate and long-term impact on perceived knowledge of suicide prevention, self-efficacy, and attitudes about the inevitability of suicide. Policy and practice implications are presented. C1 [Keller, Dustin P.] Mental Hlth Assoc Middle Tennessee, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Schut, L. James A.] Centerstone Res Inst, Nashville, TN USA. [Puddy, Richard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Keller, DP (reprint author), Mental Hlth Assoc Middle Tennessee, 2416 21st Ave S,Suite 201, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM dkeller@tspn.org NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1037/a0014889 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 433ZV UT WOS:000265245900003 ER PT J AU Emanuele, VA Gurbaxani, BM AF Emanuele, Vincent A., II Gurbaxani, Brian M. TI Benchmarking currently available SELDI-TOF MS preprocessing techniques SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE MALDI; Peak detection; Protein profiling; SELDI; Signal processing ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA; ENHANCED LASER-DESORPTION; IMPROVED PEAK DETECTION; PROTEOMIC PATTERNS; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; PROSTATE-CANCER; WAVELET TRANSFORM; OVARIAN-CANCER; SERUM; IONIZATION AB SELDI protein profiling experiments can be used as a first step in studying the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer. There are a plethora of software packages available for doing the preprocessing of SELDI data, each with many options and written from different signal processing perspectives, offering many researchers choices they may not have the background or desire to make. Moreover, several studies have shown that mistakes in the preprocessing of the data can bias the biological interpretation of the study. For this reason, we conduct a large scale evaluation of available signal processing techniques to establish which are most effective. We use data generated from a standard, published simulation engine so that "truth" is known. We select the top algorithms by considering two logical performance metrics, and give our recommendations for research directions that are likely to be most promising. There is considerable opportunity for future contributions improving the signal processing of SELDI spectra. C1 [Emanuele, Vincent A., II; Gurbaxani, Brian M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Nation Ctr Zoonot Vectorborn & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Emanuele, Vincent A., II; Gurbaxani, Brian M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Emanuele, VA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Nation Ctr Zoonot Vectorborn & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A15, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vemanueleII@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Zoonotic; Vector-Born; Enteric Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases FX The authors would like to especially thank Gitika Panicker, Beth Unger, Toni Whistler, and Suzanne Vernon at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA) for helpful suggestions and discussions that improved the quality of the manuscript. Further, the authors would like to thank both anonymous reviewers for many detailed comments that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Born, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the CDC. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1754 EP 1762 DI 10.1002/pmic.200701171 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 435JA UT WOS:000265339000002 PM 19294696 ER PT J AU Shattuck, PT Grosse, S Parish, S Bier, D AF Shattuck, Paul T. Grosse, Scott Parish, Susan Bier, Daniel TI Utilization of a Medicaid-Funded Intervention for Children With Autism SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; INEQUALITIES AB Objective: The study examined utilization of Wisconsin's Medicaid funding for autism intervention before and after a major shift in program administration. Methods: Medicaid enrollment data were analyzed for 1,822 children with autism from 2000 through 2006, as were geocoded demographic data and decennial census data. Enrollees' data were compared with demographic data for Wisconsin's general population. Results: Compared with averages for all Wisconsin families, new Medicaid enrollees in 2000 were more likely to be from census tracts with a high proportion of white families with high socioeconomic status. These disparities decreased by 2006, two years after a change from a Medicaid fee-for-service structure to a Medicaid home-and community-based services waiver. Conclusions: As more states consider carve-out benefits for children with autism, close attention needs to be paid to the potential for disparities and the influence of mode of administration on utilization. (Psychiatric Services 60: 549-552, 2009) C1 [Shattuck, Paul T.] Washington Univ, Brown Sch Social Work, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Grosse, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parish, Susan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bier, Daniel] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shattuck, PT (reprint author), Washington Univ, Brown Sch Social Work, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1196, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM pshattuck@wustl.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Association of University Centers on Disabilities FX This study was made possible by a grant from a cooperative agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of University Centers on Disabilities. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. The authors give special thanks to Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp and Laura Schieve of the CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities for their constructive comments. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD APR PY 2009 VL 60 IS 4 BP 549 EP 552 PG 4 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 427QJ UT WOS:000264793500023 PM 19339334 ER PT J AU McLean, E Cogswell, M Egli, I Woidyla, D de Benoist, B AF McLean, Erin Cogswell, Mary Egli, Ines Woidyla, Daniel de Benoist, Bruno TI Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005 SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Anaemia; Hoemoglobin; Nutritional status; Iron deficiency AB Objective: To provide Current global and regional estimates of anaemia prevalence and number of persons affected in the total population and by population subgroup. Setting and design: We used anaemia prevalence data from the WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System for 1993-2005 to generate anaemia prevalence estimates for countries with data representative at the national level or at the first administrative level that is below the national level. For Countries without eligible data, we employed regression-based estimates, Which used the UN Human Development Index (HDI) and other health indicators. We combined country estimates, weighted by their Population, to estimate anaemia prevalence at the global level, by UN Regions and by category of human development. Results: Survey data covered 48-8% of the global Population, 76-1% of preschool- aged, children, 69-0% of pregnant women and 73-5% of non-pregnant women. e estimated global anaemia prevalence is 24-8% (95% C1 22-9, 26-7%), affecting 1-62 billion people (95% Cl 1-50, 1-74 billion). Estimated anaemia prevalence is 47-4% (95% CI 45-7, 49-10/6) in preschool-aged children, 41-8% (95% Cl 39-9, 43-8%) in pregnant women and 30-2% (95% CI 28-7, 31-6%) in non-pregnant women. In numbers, 293 million (95% CI 282, 303 million) preschool-aged children, 56 million (95 % Cl 54, 59 million) pregnant women and 468 million (95 % Cl 446, 491 million) non-pregnant women are affected. Conclusion: Anaemia affects one-quarter of the world's population and is concentrated in preschool-aged children and women, making it a global public health problem. Data on relative contributions of causal factors are lacking, however, which makes it difficult to effectively address the problem. C1 [McLean, Erin; de Benoist, Bruno] WHO, Dept Nutr Hlth & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Cogswell, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. [Egli, Ines] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. [Woidyla, Daniel] Univ Nacl Rosario, Escuela Estadist, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP de Benoist, B (reprint author), WHO, Dept Nutr Hlth & Dev, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM debenoistb@who.int FU CDC [5 U50 DP423754-04] FX Sources of funding: We would like to acknowledge CDC grant 5 U50 DP423754-04 as a source of funding for this work. NR 22 TC 400 Z9 422 U1 8 U2 66 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 444 EP 454 DI 10.1017/S1368980008002401 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 423UU UT WOS:000264522000003 PM 18498676 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Barr, Dana B. Hauser, Russ TI Pyrethroid insecticide metabolites are associated with serum hormone levels in adult men SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Endocrine disruption; Environment; Epidemiology; Exposure; Permethrin; Pesticide ID REPORTER GENE ASSAY; SEMEN QUALITY; INHIBIN-B; URINARY METABOLITES; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; SPERM CONCENTRATION; GRANULOSA-CELLS; MALE-MOUSE; MALE RATS; FENVALERATE AB Experimental studies have reported that pyrethroid insecticides affect male endocrine and reproductive function, but human data are limited. We recruited 161 men from an infertility clinic between years 2000-2003 and measured serum reproductive and thyroid hormone levels, as well as the pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA) in spot urine samples. When adjusting for potential confounders, categories for all three metabolites, as well as their summed values, were positively associated with FSH (all p-values for trend <0.05). Statistically significant or suggestive positive relationships with LH were also found. In addition, cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA were inversely associated with inhibin B (p for trend = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Finally, there was evidence that trans-DCCA was inversely associated with testosterone and free androgen index (the ratio of testosterone to sex hormone binding globulin; p for trend = 0.09 and 0.05, respectively). The observed relationships were consistent with previous findings, but further research is needed for a better understanding of the potential association between pyrethroid insecticides and male reproduction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Meeker, John D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis & Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [ES009718, ES00002] FX This work was supported by grant ES009718 and ES00002 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). The opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.012 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 429BA UT WOS:000264894600008 PM 19429394 ER PT J AU Noble, RB Bailer, AJ Park, R AF Noble, Robert B. Bailer, A. John Park, Robert TI Model-Averaged Benchmark Concentration Estimates for Continuous Response Data Arising from Epidemiological Studies SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE BIC; concentration metrics; hierarchy of terms; model family; multiple regression; posterior model probabilities ID STATES COAL-MINERS; RISK-ESTIMATION; DUST EXPOSURE; BAYES FACTORS; UNCERTAINTY; SELECTION AB Worker populations often provide data on adverse responses associated with exposure to potential hazards. The relationship between hazard exposure levels and adverse response can be modeled and then inverted to estimate the exposure associated with some specified response level. One concern is that this endpoint may be sensitive to the concentration metric and other variables included in the model. Further, it may be that the models yielding different risk endpoints are all providing relatively similar fits. We focus on evaluating the impact of exposure on a continuous response by constructing a model-averaged benchmark concentration from a weighted average of model-specific benchmark concentrations. A method for combining the estimates based on different models is applied to lung function in a cohort of miners exposed to coal dust. In this analysis, we see that a small number of the thousands of models considered survive a filtering criterion for use in averaging. Even after filtering, the models considered yield benchmark concentrations that differ by a factor of 2 to 9 depending on the concentration metric and covariates. The model-average BMC captures this uncertainty, and provides a useful strategy for addressing model uncertainty. C1 [Noble, Robert B.; Bailer, A. John] Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Park, Robert] NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Noble, RB (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM noblerb@muohio.edu FU NIOSH [211-2005-M-13470] FX A portion of this work was conducted while the first author was supported by NIOSH Contract 211-2005-M-13470. The authors would like to thank Michael Attfield, Ralph Kodell, Lang Tran, and Leslie Stayner for comments on an earlier draft of this article. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01178.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 421GM UT WOS:000264347400015 PM 19144062 ER PT J AU Turner, AN Van Damme, K Jamieson, DJ Khan, MR Pettifor, AE Swezey, TA Bell, AJ Newman, DR Penman-Aguilar, A Raharinivo, MSM Randrianasolo, B Ramiandrisoa, FN Behets, FM AF Turner, Abigail Norris Van Damme, Kathleen Jamieson, Denise J. Khan, Maria R. Pettifor, Audrey E. Swezey, Theresa A. Bell, April J. Newman, Daniel R. Penman-Aguilar, Ana Raharinivo, Mbolatiana S. M. Randrianasolo, Bodo Ramiandrisoa, Felasoa Noroseheno Behets, Frieda M. CA Mad STI Prevention Grp TI Predictors of Adherent Use of Diaphragms and Microbicide Gel in a Four-Arm, Randomized Pilot Study Among Female Sex Workers in Madagascar SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; RISK; ACCEPTABILITY; FEASIBILITY; PREVENTION; REGRESSION; MODELS; TRIAL; WOMEN AB Background: Participants' protocol adherence may influence assessments of the effectiveness of new female-controlled methods for sexually transmitted infection prevention. Methods: In 2005 we conducted a randomized pilot study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Madagascar in preparation for sexually transmitted infection prevention trial of diaphragms and a vaginal microbicide. Participants (n = 192) were randomized into 4 arms: diaphragm plus microbicide (Acidform), diaphragm plus placebo gel hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Acidform alone, or HEC alone. FSWs were seen weekly for 4 weeks. Using multivariable regression with generalized estimating equations, we assessed predictors of adherent product use during all sex acts in the last week. We collapsed the gel-diaphragm arms together and the gel-only arms together for this analysis. Results: Between 43% and 67% of gel-diaphragm users (varying by visit) reported using Study products during all sex acts in the last week, compared with 20% to 45% of gel-only users. Adherence increased with follow-up [visit 4 vs. visit 1 risk ratio (RR) for gel-diaphragm users: 1.55. P <0.01: for gel-only users, RR: 1.58, P = 0.01]. Gel-diaphragm users whose casual partners were never aware of products (RR: 2.02, P = 0.03) and who had experienced partner violence after requesting condom use (RR: 1.45, P <0.01) were more adherent. Gel-only users reporting lower sexual frequency (1-9 weekly acts vs. 19 acts, RR: 1.99, P <0.01) and no sex with primary partners in the past week (RR: 1.54, P = 0.02) were more adherent. Conclusions: Gel-diaphragm users had better adherence than gel-only users, and predictors of adherence differed between groups. Addressing modifiable factors during counseling sessions may improve adherence. C1 [Turner, Abigail Norris; Khan, Maria R.; Pettifor, Audrey E.; Swezey, Theresa A.; Behets, Frieda M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Van Damme, Kathleen; Raharinivo, Mbolatiana S. M.; Randrianasolo, Bodo; Ramiandrisoa, Felasoa Noroseheno] UNC MAD, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Jamieson, Denise J.; Bell, April J.; Newman, Daniel R.; Penman-Aguilar, Ana] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Turner, AN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ant@unc.edu RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through an Inter-Agency Agreement with the United States Agency for International Development; CONRAD FX This study was funded by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through an Inter-Agency Agreement with the United States Agency for International Development and CONRAD. Abigail Norris Turner was supported by the Joseph E. Pogue Pre-Doctoral Fellowship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181901aec PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 424NJ UT WOS:000264573100012 PM 19265745 ER PT J AU George, MG Tong, X Yoon, PW AF George, Mary G. Tong, Xin Yoon, Paula W. TI Improvement in Stroke Care within a Quality Improvement Registry. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Association-International-Stroke Conference 2009 CY FEB 17-20, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Int Stroke C1 [George, Mary G.; Tong, Xin; Yoon, Paula W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP E262 EP E262 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426LJ UT WOS:000264709500727 ER PT J AU George, MG Tong, X Yoon, PW AF George, Mary G. Tong, Xin Yoon, Paula W. TI Effect of Lipid Lowering Therapy at Time of Stroke on Death and Stroke Severity. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Association-International-Stroke Conference 2009 CY FEB 17-20, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Int Stroke C1 [George, Mary G.; Tong, Xin; Yoon, Paula W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP E262 EP E262 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426LJ UT WOS:000264709500726 ER PT J AU George, MG Tong, X Rosamond, W Rose, KM Yoon, PW AF George, Mary G. Tong, Xin Rosamond, Wayne Rose, Kathryn M. Yoon, Paula W. TI Race and Gender Disparities in a Stroke Quality Improvement Program. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Association-International-Stroke Conference 2009 CY FEB 17-20, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Int Stroke C1 [George, Mary G.; Tong, Xin; Yoon, Paula W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosamond, Wayne; Rose, Kathryn M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP E125 EP E126 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426LJ UT WOS:000264709500172 ER PT J AU McGruder, HF George, MG Tong, X Yoon, PW AF McGruder, Henraya F. George, Mary G. Tong, Xin Yoon, Paula W. TI Characteristics of Hospitals Associated with Use of Thrombolytic Therapy for Ischemic Stroke Patients. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Association-International-Stroke Conference 2009 CY FEB 17-20, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Int Stroke C1 [McGruder, Henraya F.; George, Mary G.; Tong, Xin; Yoon, Paula W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP E120 EP E121 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426LJ UT WOS:000264709500152 ER PT J AU Smith, H Holland, C Taylor, M Magnaval, JF Schantz, P Maizels, R AF Smith, Huw Holland, Celia Taylor, Mervyn Magnaval, J-F. Schantz, Peter Maizels, Rick TI How common is human toxocariasis? Towards standardizing our knowledge SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; C-TYPE LECTIN; OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS; ASCARIDOID NEMATODES; INFECTIVE LARVAE; CANIS; ANTIGEN; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB Our understanding of the global impact and cost of human toxocariasis is poor because there is insufficient clinical awareness and no clear repository for the efficacy of clinical, laboratory and treatment interventions. Uniform clinical and laboratory investigative approaches maximize disease diagnosis. International collaboration is required to develop web-based, professional educational support, surveillance questionnaires and standardized serodiagnostic criteria. Determining clinical benefits and treatment outcomes using less crossreactive antigens will enhance clinical and treatment interventions. Increased liaison will identify realistic occurrence and prevalence data and cost benefits of intervention. Web-based centres of excellence and repositories of current knowledge, which augment current veterinary and public health educational sites, should be supported. Expected outcomes should be capable of addressing the clinical and financial burdens of this treatable disease. C1 [Smith, Huw] Stobhill Hosp, Scottish Parasite Diagnost Lab, Glasgow G21 3UW, Lanark, Scotland. [Holland, Celia; Taylor, Mervyn] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Magnaval, J-F.] Fac Med Purpan, CNRS, FRE 2960, Serv Parasitol Med, F-31073 Toulouse, France. [Schantz, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Maizels, Rick] Univ Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Inst Immunol & Infect Res, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Smith, H (reprint author), Stobhill Hosp, Scottish Parasite Diagnost Lab, Glasgow G21 3UW, Lanark, Scotland. EM huw.smith@ggc.scot.nhs.uk NR 58 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.006 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 432LS UT WOS:000265135900007 PM 19269251 ER PT J AU Green, MD Atieli, F Akogbeto, M AF Green, Michael D. Atieli, Frances Akogbeto, Martin TI Rapid colorimetric field test to determine levels of deltamethrin on PermaNet((R)) surfaces: association with mosquito bioactivity SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; bednet; cyanopyrethroid; deltamethrin; field test ID LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; WASH-RESISTANCE; CYANIDE; PERMETHRIN AB To evaluate a simple and inexpensive colorimetric test to measure the amount of cyanopyrethroid insecticide residue from filter paper exposed to mosquito net surfaces. The net sampling protocol and colorimetric test (NetTest) were evaluated for deltamethrin-impregnated PermaNet((R)) 2.0 by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatographic assays and mosquito mortality (WHO Cone Test). The observed correlation between the amount of deltamethrin adsorbed onto the filter paper and the entire amount of deltamethrin per unit area of net material was good: 0.967, five assays. The relationship between the surface levels of deltamethrin determined by the colorimetric test and the 'gold standard' mosquito bioassay reveals a relatively accurate field test with a sensitivity of 91.4% and specificity if 85.4% (76 samplings from 19 nets). C1 [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Atieli, Frances] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Akogbeto, Martin] Ctr Entomol Res, Cotonou, Benin. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mdg4@cdc.gov FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) FX Financial support for a portion of this work is provided by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI). We thank Ray Beach for his work in support of this project. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02247.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 418RN UT WOS:000264166200003 PM 19254275 ER PT J AU Black, CL Steinauer, ML Mwinzi, PNM Secor, WE Karanja, DMS Colley, DG AF Black, Carla L. Steinauer, Michelle L. Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Secor, W. Evan Karanja, Diana M. S. Colley, Daniel G. TI Impact of intense, longitudinal retreatment with praziquantel on cure rates of schistosomiasis mansoni in a cohort of occupationally exposed adults in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE schistosomiasis; praziquantel; drug resistance ID MSAMBWENI AREA; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; CHEMOTHERAPY; FOCUS; TRANSMISSION; REINFECTION; COINFECTION; RESPONSES; SENEGAL AB To investigate trends in the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) suggestive of the emergence of drug resistance against Schistosoma mansoni infection after 12.5 years of intense, repeated use in a small geographic area along the shores of Lake Victoria. As part of a longitudinal study, 178 men occupationally exposed to schistosomes were repeatedly tested for S. mansoni infection at 4- to 6-week intervals and treated with PZQ at each reinfection. We compared cure rates by year of study and examined factors associated with cure failure in a multivariate logistic regression model. Overall, the cure rate after a single dose of PZQ was 66%, ranging annually from 36% to 82%. In multivariate analysis, failure to cure after 1 PZQ dose was significantly associated with high intensity of infection and having fewer previous exposures to dying worms. Even after adjustment for these factors, treatments administered in 2006 were significantly more likely to result in cure failures than treatments administered in 2004, the year in which PZQ efficacy was highest. While cure rates varied over the course of 12 years, there was no consistent downward trend towards decreased efficacy over time. In years for which malacological data were available, periods of low PZQ efficacy coincide with high rates of S. mansoni infection in nearby snail populations. We did not find a pattern of cure failures consistent with development of clinical resistance to PZQ in our intensely treated cohort. C1 [Black, Carla L.; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Steinauer, Michelle L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Karanja, Diana M. S.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Black, Carla L.; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Black, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM blackc@uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053695, R01 AI053695-06A2, T32 AI060546-04, R01 AI044913-09, R01 AI044913, T32 AI060546] NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02234.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 418RN UT WOS:000264166200012 PM 19222824 ER PT J AU de Thoisy, B Lacoste, V Germain, A Munoz-Jordan, J Colon, C Mauffrey, JF Delaval, M Catzeflis, F Kazanji, M Matheus, S Dussart, P Morvan, J Setien, AA Deparis, X Lavergne, A AF de Thoisy, Benoit Lacoste, Vincent Germain, Adeline Munoz-Jordan, Jorge Colon, Candimar Mauffrey, Jean-Francois Delaval, Marguerite Catzeflis, Francois Kazanji, Mirdad Matheus, Severine Dussart, Philippe Morvan, Jacques Aguilar Setien, Alvaro Deparis, Xavier Lavergne, Anne TI Dengue Infection in Neotropical Forest Mammals SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Dengue virus; wild mammals; South America; periurban areas ID FRENCH-GUIANA; YELLOW-FEVER; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; VIRUS TYPE-4; FLAVIVIRUSES; MONKEYS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; ANTIBODIES AB In South America, dengue is the arbovirus-transmitted disease with the highest incidence. Unlike other arboviruses, wild mammals have no confirmed role in the cycle of dengue in the neotropics, although serological studies have suggested a possible secondary amplification cycle involving mammals other than nonhuman primates. In French Guiana, where all four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) are present, the disease is endemic with outbreak events. To determine whether wild mammals can be infected by DENV, rodents, marsupials, and bats were captured over several periods, from 2001 to 2007, at two sites. The first location is a secondary forest surrounded by an urban area where dengue is endemic. The second location is a forest edge site where the disease has not yet emerged. A total of 10,000 trap-nights were performed and 616 mammals were captured. RNAs representing the four DENV serotypes were detected at both sites by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the livers and/or sera of 92 mammals belonging to 14 out of 32 species distributed among all the orders investigated: Rodentia (33 positive/146 tested), Marsupialia (40/318), and Chiroptera (19/152). Sequence analyses of a portion of the capsid and premembrane junction revealed that mammal strains of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 had only 92.6%, 89%, 95%, and 95.8% identity, respectively, with strains circulating in the human population during the same periods. Regarding DENV-2, strains related (99% identity) to those responsible for an epidemic event in humans in French Guiana concurrent to the capture sessions were also evidenced, suggesting that wild mammals in edge habitats can be infected by circulating human strains. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that neotropical wild mammals can be infected with dengue virus. The question of whether mammals maintain DENV in enzootic cycles and can play a role in its reemergence in human populations remains to be answered. C1 [de Thoisy, Benoit; Lacoste, Vincent; Germain, Adeline; Lavergne, Anne] Inst Pasteur, Lab Interact Guyane, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana. [Munoz-Jordan, Jorge; Colon, Candimar] CDC, Dengue Branch, Mol Virol & Surveillance Lab, San Juan, PR USA. [Mauffrey, Jean-Francois] Univ Aix Marseille 1, Univ Provence IRD, UMR 151, Lab Populat Environm, Marseille, France. [Delaval, Marguerite] Assoc Kwata, Cayenne, French Guiana. [Catzeflis, Francois] Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5554, Inst Sci Evolut, Lab Paleontol Paleobiol & Phylogenie, Montpellier, France. [Kazanji, Mirdad] Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Dept Retrovirol, Franceville, Gabon. [Matheus, Severine; Dussart, Philippe; Morvan, Jacques] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Arbovirus & Virus Influenza, Virol Lab, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana. [Aguilar Setien, Alvaro] Hosp Pediat Mexico City, CMN Siglo 21, Inst Seguro Social, Unidad Invest Med Immunol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Deparis, Xavier] Serv Sante Armees, Inst Trop Med, Dept Virol, Armees, France. RP Lavergne, A (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Lab Interact Guyane, 23 Ave Pasteur,BP6010, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana. EM alavergne@pasteur-cayenne.fr NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0280 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 436LS UT WOS:000265416200005 PM 18945183 ER PT J AU Kjos, SA Gillespie, JJ Olson, JK Snowden, KF AF Kjos, Sonia A. Gillespie, Joseph J. Olson, Jimmy K. Snowden, Karen F. TI Detection of Blastocrithidia spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Chagas Disease Vectors from Texas, USA SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blastocrithidia triatomae; Triatoma; Vector; Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; North America ID TRIATOMA-INFESTANS; CRUZI; PHYLOGENY; ARGENTINA AB Organisms highly similar to Blastocrithidia triatomae, a pathogenic parasite of Chagas disease triatomine bug vectors, were detected using polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequence analysis of a segment of the small subunit rRNA gene in 3 of 203 triatomine specimens collected in Texas from June 2005 to October 2006. The parasite was identified in three species of triatomine bugs (Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. indictiva, and T. neotomae) collected from three distinct geographic locations. Flagellated organisms indistinguishable from Trypanosoma cruzi were observed by direct microscopy in hindgut material of two of the three specimens. Coinfection with T. cruzi and Blastocrithidia was detected by molecular methods in one of the specimens. Parsimony analysis provided strong support for clustering of the new sequences within a Blastocrithidia group, clearly separated from other flagellated protozoans. Confirmation of Blastocrithidia in U. S. triatomine species complicates microscopic diagnosis of T. cruzi due to the morphologic similarity of the parasites. C1 [Kjos, Sonia A.; Olson, Jimmy K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gillespie, Joseph J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Gillespie, Joseph J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Snowden, Karen F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. RP Kjos, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCZVED, DPD,Entomol Branch, MS F-42,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM skjos@cdc.gov RI Snowden, Karen/C-9111-2013; OI Gillespie, Joseph/0000-0002-5447-7264 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0027 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 436LS UT WOS:000265416200014 PM 18803501 ER PT J AU Sundberg, JP Silva, KA Zhang, W Sundberg, BA Edwards, K King, LE Davis, RL Black, S AF Sundberg, John P. Silva, Kathleen A. Zhang, Weidong Sundberg, Beth A. Edwards, Kathryn King, Lloyd E. Davis, Robert L. Black, Steven TI Recombinant human hepatitis B vaccine initiating alopecia areata: testing the hypothesis using the C3H/HeJ mouse model SO VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RODENT MODELS; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; UNIVERSALIS; EXPRESSION; DIPHTHERIA AB Untoward effects of human vaccines suggest that recombinant hepatitis B vaccine may induce alopecia areata (AA) in some patients. Similar untoward immunological effects may also account for AA-like diseases in domestic species. In this study, the C3H/HeJ spontaneous adult onset AA mouse model was used to test the role, if any, of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine on the initiation or activation of AA. Initial experiments demonstrated no effect on induction of AA in young adult female C3H/HeJ mice (P = 0.5689). By contrast, older females, those at the age when AA first begins to appear in this strain, had a significant increase (P = 0.0264) in the time of onset of AA, suggesting that the vaccine may initiate disease in mice predisposed to AA. However, larger vaccine trials, which included diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as additional controls, did not support these initial result findings and suggest that AA associated with vaccination may be within the normal background levels of the given population. C1 [Sundberg, John P.; Silva, Kathleen A.; Zhang, Weidong; Sundberg, Beth A.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [King, Lloyd E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Skin Dis Res Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Edwards, Kathryn] Vanderbilt Univ, Div Pediat Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Davis, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Black, Steven] Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Sundberg, JP (reprint author), Jackson Lab, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. EM john.sundberg@jax.org FU Centers for Disease Control [200-2002-00732]; National Cancer Institute [CA34196]; National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) FX This work was supported by a subcontract from the Centers for Disease Control (200-2002-00732). Core facilities at The Jackson Laboratory were supported by the National Cancer Institute (CA34196). The alopecia areata mouse model development was supported by the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF). NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0959-4493 J9 VET DERMATOL JI Vet. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00692.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences SC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418ZI UT WOS:000264188500004 PM 19175564 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Burwen, DR Dobardzic, A Ball, R Walton, K Haber, P AF Vellozzi, Claudia Burwen, Dale R. Dobardzic, Azra Ball, Robert Walton, Kimp Haber, Penina TI Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in adults: Background for pandemic influenza vaccine safety monitoring SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza vaccines; Vaccine safety; Post-marketing surveillance ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; OCULO-RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSVERSE MYELITIS; UNITED-STATES; VAERS; IMMUNIZATION; US; ASSOCIATION; VASCULITIS AB In preparation for pandemic vaccine safety monitoring, we assessed adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System following receipt of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines among adults from 1990 through 2005. We calculated reporting rates for nonserious, serious, and neurological adverse events. We reviewed reports of recurrent events and deaths, as well as reports identified through advanced signal detection. The most frequently reported events were local reactions and systemic symptoms. Guillain-Barre syndrome was the most frequently reported serious event (0.70 reports per million vaccinations). Adverse event reporting rates have been reasonably constant over time. No new safety concerns emerged after our review of 15 years of post-licensure surveillance data. These findings provide useful information if pandemic vaccine is rapidly distributed and pre-licensure data are limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vellozzi, Claudia; Walton, Kimp; Haber, Penina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ISO, OCSO, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vellozzi, Claudia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burwen, Dale R.; Dobardzic, Azra; Ball, Robert] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bno1@cdc.gov; PHaber@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 26 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 15 BP 2114 EP 2120 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.125 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 426AW UT WOS:000264680800006 PM 19356614 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Baxter, R Naleway, AL Belongia, EA Baggs, J AF Jackson, Lisa A. Baxter, Roger Naleway, Allison L. Belongia, Edward A. Baggs, James TI Patterns of pneumococcal vaccination and revaccination in elderly and non-elderly adults: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROJECT AB Background: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is recommended for all adults 65 years of age and older and for younger adults with high-risk conditions. While data from national surveys provide information on the proportion of adults 65 years of age and older reporting ever receipt of PPV they do not collect more detailed information, such as age at vaccination or the total number of vaccinations received. In addition, there is relatively little information available on PPV coverage in younger adults with chronic conditions. To assess contemporary patterns of pneumococcal vaccination and revaccination of adults, we conducted a cross-sectional study of adults enrolled in medical care organizations (MCOs) participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Methods: The study population included 1.5 million adults 25 years of age and older enrolled in the four participating MCOs on December 1, 2006. PPVs administered to members of the study population prior to that date were identified from computerized immunization registries maintained by the MCOs. Results: Among the general population of adults 25 through 64 years of age, vaccine coverage increased from 2% in the 25-29 year old age-group to 26% in the 60-64 year old age-group. In all age-groups, coverage was substantially higher in persons defined as having a chronic high risk condition. This was particularly true for diabetes mellitus, with vaccine coverage of over 50% in the lower age-groups and 75% in those 60-64 years of age. Among adults 65 years of age and older, 82% had received at least one PPV and 18% had received two or more PPVs. Conclusion: We found higher levels of PPV coverage among adults 65 years of age and older and among younger adults with diabetes mellitus than reported by national surveys and for those groups PPV coverage approached the Healthy People 2010 national objectives. These results suggest that achieving those objectives for PPV is possible and that high vaccination coverage may be facilitated by vaccine tracking and reminder systems. C1 [Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. [Baxter, Roger] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [Naleway, Allison L.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI USA. [Baggs, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. EM jackson.l@ghc.org; Roger.baxter@kp.org; Allison.naleway@kpchr.org; Belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org; jbaggs@cdc.gov OI Naleway, Allison/0000-0001-5747-4643; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00732] FX This study was supported by the Vaccine Safety Datalink contract with America's Health Insurance Plans, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (200-2002-00732). NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 37 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-9-37 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 442JP UT WOS:000265837800002 PM 19321001 ER PT J AU Sharapov, MB Favorov, MO Yashina, TL Brown, MS Onischenko, GG Margolis, HS Chorba, TL AF Sharapov, Makhmudkhan B. Favorov, Michael O. Yashina, Tatiana L. Brown, Matthew S. Onischenko, Gennady G. Margolis, Harold S. Chorba, Terence L. TI Acute viral hepatitis morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis E virus infection: Uzbekistan surveillance data SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE; INDIA; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; MOTHERS AB Background: In Uzbekistan, routine serologic testing has not been available to differentiate etiologies of acute viral hepatitis (AVH). To determine the age groups most affected by hepatitis E virus (HEV) during documented AVH epidemics, trends in AVH-associated mortality rate (MR) per 100,000 over a 15-year period and reported incidence of AVH over a 35-year period were examined. Methods: Reported AVH incidence data from 1971 to 2005 and AVH-associated mortality data from 1981 to 1995 were examined. Serologic markers for infection with hepatitis viruses A, B, D, and E were determined from a sample of hospitalized patients with AVH from an epidemic period (1987) and from a sample of pregnant women with AVH from a non-epidemic period (1992). Results: Two multi-year AVH outbreaks were identified: one during 1975-1976, and one during 1985-1987. During 1985-1987, AVH-associated MRs were 12.3-17.8 per 100,000 for the general population. Highest AVH-associated MRs occurred among children in the first 3 years of life (40190 per 100,000) and among women aged 20-29 (15-21 per 100,000). During 1988-1995 when reported AVH morbidity was much lower in the general population, AVH-associated MRs were markedly lower among these same age groups. In 1988, AVH-associated MRs were higher in rural (21 per 100,000) than in urban (8 per 100,000) populations (RR 2.6; 95% CI 1.16-5.93; p < 0.05). Serologic evidence of acute HEV infection was found in 280 of 396 (71%) patients with AVH in 1987 and 12 of 99 (12%) pregnant patients with AVH in 1992. Conclusion: In the absence of the availability of confirmatory testing, inferences regarding probable hepatitis epidemic etiologies can sometimes be made using surveillance data, comparing AVH incidence with AVH-associated mortality with an eye to population-based viral hepatitis control measures. Data presented here implicate HEV as the probable etiology of high mortality observed in pregnant women and in children less than 3 years of age in Uzbekistan during 1985-1987. High mortality among pregnant women but not among children less than 3 years has been observed in previous descriptions of epidemic hepatitis E. The high mortality among younger children observed in an AVH outbreak associated with hepatitis E merits corroboration in future outbreaks. C1 [Chorba, Terence L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sharapov, Makhmudkhan B.] Minist Hlth, Tashkent Pediat Med Inst & Cent Asia Epidemiol Ne, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Favorov, Michael O.; Margolis, Harold S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepatitis, Div Viral Hepatitis,WHO, Atlanta, GA USA. [Favorov, Michael O.; Brown, Matthew S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Favorov, Michael O.] Int Vaccine Inst, Div Translat Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Yashina, Tatiana L.] Specialty Labs, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Onischenko, Gennady G.] Minist Hlth & Social Dev Russian Federat, Federal Serv Surveillance Consumer Rights & Wellb, Moscow, Russia. [Margolis, Harold S.] Int Vaccine Inst, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat Program, Seoul, South Korea. RP Chorba, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbsharapov@yandex.ru; mfavorov@ivi.int; tyashina@specialtylabs.com; zjc5@cdc.gov; depart@gsen.ru; hsmargolis@pdvi.org; tlc2@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 35 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-9-35 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 442JO UT WOS:000265837700001 PM 19320984 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Griffin, MR Nuorti, JP Walter, ND AF Grijalva, C. G. Griffin, M. R. Nuorti, J. P. Walter, N. D. TI Pneumonia Hospitalizations Among Young Children Before and After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-United States, 1997-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 1-4, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DISEASE C1 [Grijalva, C. G.; Griffin, M. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Walter, N. D.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grijalva, CG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 12 BP 1220 EP 1222 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 423JO UT WOS:000264492800009 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CA Fonseca, JM Blount, BC Krieger, RI AF Sanchez, C. A. Fonseca, J. M. Blount, B. C. Krieger, R. I. TI Hypochlorite Treatments are not a Significant Source of Perchlorate Exposure in Lettuce SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; lettuce; hypochlorite; sodium iodide symporter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNITED-STATES; ACCUMULATION; WATER; DAIRY; MILK AB Leafy vegetables, such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L), have been identified as a potential source of perchlorate exposure to humans. Perchlorate is of concern because excessive amounts may impair thyroid function by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. Perchlorate has been identified as an oxidation product in sodium hypochlorite. Dilute hypochlorite solutions are widely used on lettuce as a preservative and as a treatment to reduce microbial food risks. However, the potential of hypochlorite to be a source of human perchlorate exposure from lettuce had not been evaluated. Studies were conducted with lettuce collected in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado and in the lower Colorado River Valley of southwestern Arizona to represent conditions under which hypochlorite is applied to lettuce in the field and in salad processing facilities. We used spray and dipping solutions that were dilutions of concentrated sodium hypochlorite that would contain from 12000 and 120000 mu g/L perchlorate. The perchlorate content of iceberg and romaine lettuce averaged 6.2 and 7.2 mu g/kg fw in southern Colorado and 14.0 and 56.7 mu g/kg fw in southwestern Arizona and there were no significant (P > 0.05) increases in the perchlorate content of lettuce due to hypochlorite treatments. Because of the relatively low concentrations of perchlorate present after dilution and the low volumes applied to lettuce, hypochlorite solutions do not appear to be a significant source of the perchlorate levels found in lettuce. C1 [Krieger, R. I.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sanchez, C. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Fonseca, J. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Blount, B. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Krieger, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bob.krieger@ucr.edu FU The Clorox Company FX This research was supported in part by an unrestricted grant-in-aid from The Clorox Company to the Regents, University of California. Helen Vega is acknowledged and thanked for manuscript preparation. The continuing cooperation of lettuce growers is also gratefully acknowledged. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 2320 EP 2323 DI 10.1021/jf8033013 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 420QC UT WOS:000264303300032 PM 19245207 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Voetsch, AC Nakamura, GV Sullivan, PS McNaghten, AD Huang, L AF Heffelfinger, James D. Voetsch, Andrew C. Nakamura, Glenn V. Sullivan, Patrick S. McNaghten, A. D. Huang, Laurence TI Nonadherence to Primary Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Despite the effectiveness of prophylaxis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection among HIV-infected persons. We describe factors associated with nonadherence to primary PCP prophylaxis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used 2000-2004 data from the Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance (SHAS) project, a cross-sectional interview project of HIV-infected persons >= 18 years conducted in 18 states. We limited the analysis to persons who denied having prior PCP, reported having a current prescription to prevent PCP, and answered the question "In the past 30 days, how often were you able to take the PCP medication(s) exactly the way your doctor told you to take them?'' We used multivariable logistic regression to describe factors associated with nonadherence. Of 1,666 subjects prescribed PCP prophylaxis, 305 (18.3%) were nonadherent. Persons were more likely to be nonadherent if they reported using marijuana (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.4), non-injection drugs other than marijuana (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.1), or injection drugs (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3-4.1) in the past year; their mental health was "not good'' for >= 1 day during the past month (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.2); their most recent CD4 count was,200 cells/mu L (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2); or taking ART usually (aOR = 9.6, 95% CI = 6.7-13.7) or sometimes/rarely/never (aOR = 18.4, 95% CI = 11.1-30.4), compared with always, as prescribed. Conclusion/Significance: Providers should inquire about and promote strategies to improve adherence to PCP prophylaxis, particularly among persons who use illicit drugs, have mental health issues, and who are not compliant with ART to reduce the occurrence of PCP. C1 [Heffelfinger, James D.; Voetsch, Andrew C.; Nakamura, Glenn V.; McNaghten, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Huang, Laurence] Univ Calif San Francisco, HIV AIDS Div, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Huang, Laurence] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulmonary & Critical Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM izh7@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; Huang, Laurence/0000-0003-3888-2195 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K24 087713] FX LH was partly funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) K24 087713. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e5002 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005002 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437PK UT WOS:000265499200019 PM 19319199 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Pearson, WS Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Pearson, William S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Hypertriglyceridemia and Its Pharmacologic Treatment Among US Adults SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; RISK-FACTORS; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; YOUNG MEN; PREVENTION; WOMEN AB Background: Increasing evidence supports triglyceride (TG) concentration as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia during a period of rising prevalence of obesity and its pharmacological treatment among US adults are poorly understood. Methods: We examined data for 5610 participants 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2004. Results: The unadjusted prevalence (percentage [SE]) of a TG concentration of 150 mg/dL or higher (to convert triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0113) was 33.1% (0.8%); a TG concentration of 200 mg/dL or higher, 17.9% (0.7%), a TG concentration of 500 mg/dL or higher, 1.7% (0.2%), and a TG concentration of 1000 mg/dL or higher, 0.4% (0.1%). Overall, 1.3% (0.2%) of participants used 1 of 3 prescription medications indicated to treat hypertriglyceridemia (ie, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, or niacin); this percentage was 2.6% (0.4%) among participants with a TG concentration of 150 mg/dL or higher and 3.6% (0.7%) among participants with a TG concentration of 200 mg/dL or higher. Conclusions: Among US adults, hypertriglyceridemia is common. Until the benefits of treating hypertriglyceridemia that is not characterized by extreme elevations of TG concentration with medications are incontrovertible, therapeutic lifestyle change remains the preferred treatment. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Pearson, William S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 23 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 6 BP 572 EP 578 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 423HO UT WOS:000264487600006 PM 19307519 ER PT J AU Dluhy, RA Driskell, JD Zhao, YP Rota, P Tripp, RA AF Dluhy, R. A. Driskell, J. D. Zhao, Y-P Rota, P. Tripp, R. A. TI Novel nanorad array substrates for high sensitivity biomolecular sensing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dluhy, R. A.; Driskell, J. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhao, Y-P] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rota, P.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tripp, R. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dluhy@uga.edu; jdriskel@uga.edu; zhaoy@physast.uga.edu; par1@cdc.gov; rtripp@vet.uga.edu RI Tripp, Ralph/F-5218-2011; Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 40-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803113 ER PT J AU Medus, C Meyer, S Smith, K Jawahir, S Miller, B Viger, K Forstner, M Brandt, E Nowicki, S Salehi, E Phan, Q Kinney, A Cartter, M Flint, J Bancroft, J Adams, J Hyytia-Trees, E Theobald, L Talkington, D Humphrys, M Bopp, C Gerner-Smidt, P Behravesh, CB Williams, IT Sodha, S Langer, A Schwensohn, C Angulo, F Tauxe, R Date, K Cavallaro, E Kim, C AF Medus, C. Meyer, S. Smith, K. Jawahir, S. Miller, B. Viger, K. Forstner, M. Brandt, E. Nowicki, S. Salehi, E. Phan, Q. Kinney, A. Cartter, M. Flint, J. Bancroft, J. Adams, J. Hyytia-Trees, E. Theobald, L. Talkington, D. Humphrys, M. Bopp, C. Gerner-Smidt, P. Behravesh, C. Barton Williams, I. T. Sodha, S. Langer, A. Schwensohn, C. Angulo, F. Tauxe, R. Date, K. Cavallaro, E. Kim, C. TI Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Associated With Peanut Butter and Peanut Butter-Containing Products-United States, 2008-2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 85-90, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEAT TOLERANCE C1 [Medus, C.; Jawahir, S.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Brandt, E.; Nowicki, S.; Salehi, E.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Phan, Q.; Kinney, A.; Cartter, M.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Date, K.; Cavallaro, E.; Kim, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Medus, C (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 11 BP 1119 EP 1122 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 419UC UT WOS:000264244200006 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Fulton, JE Caspersen, CJ Kohl, HW AF Carlson, Susan A. Fulton, Janet E. Caspersen, Carl J. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Effects of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Frequency and Perceived Intensity on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: National Health Interview Survey Mortality Follow-up Study 1990-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Fulton, Janet E.; Caspersen, Carl J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kohl, Harold W., III] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E286 EP E286 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700088 ER PT J AU Dai, SF Williams, I Fang, J Keenan, NL AF Dai, Shifan Williams, Ishmael Fang, Jing Keenan, Nora L. TI Increasing Pretransport Death of Heart Disease in the United States from 1999 to 2004 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Dai, Shifan; Williams, Ishmael; Fang, Jing; Keenan, Nora L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E360 EP E360 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700427 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Greenlund, K Li, Y Jiles, R Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Greenlund, Kurt Li, Yan Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali H. TI Higher Alcohol Intake Is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure Among Normotensive Current Drinkers: Findings from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Greenlund, Kurt; Li, Yan; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E308 EP E308 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700188 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Carlson, SA Kohl, HW Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, Janet E. Carlson, Susan A. Kohl, Harold W., III Caspersen, Carl J. TI Reduction in CVD Deaths Attributable to Meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Mortality Follow-up Study, 1990-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Fulton, Janet E.; Carlson, Susan A.; Kohl, Harold W., III; Caspersen, Carl J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E287 EP E287 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700092 ER PT J AU Liese, AD Bortsov, A Gunther, AL Dabelea, D Reynolds, K Standiford, D Liu, L Williams, D Mayer-Davis, E D'Agostino, RB Bell, R Marcovina, S AF Liese, Angela D. Bortsov, Andrey Gunther, Anke L. Dabelea, Dana Reynolds, Kristi Standiford, Debra Liu, Lenna Williams, Desmond Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Bell, Ronny Marcovina, Santica TI Association of DASH Dietary Index with CVD Risk Factors in Youth with Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Liese, Angela D.; Bortsov, Andrey; Gunther, Anke L.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Reynolds, Kristi] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Standiford, Debra] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Liu, Lenna; Marcovina, Santica] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Desmond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.; Bell, Ronny] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E295 EP E295 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700130 ER PT J AU Shoob, HD Croft, JB Keenan, NL Merritt, R AF Shoob, Hylan D. Croft, Janet B. Keenan, Nora L. Merritt, Robert TI Impact of Baby Boomers on Hospitalizations for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 1980-2000: An Examination of Cohort Effect SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference/49th Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of the American-Heart-Association CY MAR 10-14, 2009 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Shoob, Hylan D.; Croft, Janet B.; Keenan, Nora L.; Merritt, Robert] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 10 BP E319 EP E319 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 419TX UT WOS:000264243700239 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Daniels, RD Pinkerton, LE AF Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Daniels, Robert D. Pinkerton, Lynne E. TI Radon Exposure and Mortality Among White and American Indian Uranium Miners: An Update of the Colorado Plateau Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Statistical-Association on Radiation and Health CY 2008 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Statist Assoc DE lung neoplasms; lymphoma; non-Hodgkin; multiple myeloma; pulmonary fibrosis; radiation; ionizing; silicosis ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RADIATION; FIBROSIS; RATES; RISK AB Studies of uranium miners on the US Colorado Plateau have identified associations between exposure to radon progeny and risk of lung cancer. This study added 15 years of mortality follow-up for the 4,137 miners (primarily white or American Indian) in the Colorado Plateau cohort. The cohort experienced 209 new lung cancer deaths. For white miners, the standardized mortality ratio for lung cancer compared with the regional population was 3.99 (95% confidence interval: 3.43, 4.62) for the period 1991-2005. For American Indian miners, the lung cancer standardized mortality ratio was 3.27 (95% confidence interval: 2.19, 4.73). These standardized mortality ratios have not declined substantially since the 1980s. Internally standardized rate ratios by radon exposure category over the entire follow-up period are similar to those based on earlier follow-up, although estimates within smoking categories demonstrated improved precision. The apparent interaction between radon and smoking in causing lung cancer remains submultiplicative but greater than additive. Mortality rates from silicosis remain highly elevated in the cohort. Elevated mortality rates were observed from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Significant trends were observed with increased radon exposure in silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis mortality and in the incidence of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease among white miners. C1 [Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.; Daniels, Robert D.; Pinkerton, Lynne E.] NIOSH, Ind Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, Ind Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM zcg3@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 32 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 6 BP 718 EP 730 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn406 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413ZT UT WOS:000263834400009 PM 19208723 ER PT J AU Kalb, SR Barr, JR AF Kalb, Suzanne R. Barr, John R. TI Mass Spectrometric Detection of Ricin and its Activity in Food and Clinical Samples SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID A-CHAIN; STEM-LOOP; RNA; RIBOSOMES; MECHANISM; COMMUNIS; TOXIN; DNA AB Ricin is a potent toxin capable of inhibiting protein synthesis and causing death or respiratory failure. Because of its high availability and lethality, ricin is considered a likely agent for bioterrorism. Rapidly determining contamination of food product with ricin and human exposure to ricin is therefore an important public health goal. In this work, we report the development of a method that detects ricin and its activity in food or clinical samples. Ibis method involves immunocapture of the toxin, an examination of the activity of the ricin protein upon a DNA substrate that mimics the toxin's natural RNA target, and analysis of tryptic fragments of the toxin itself. It is the combination of these three techniques, all performed on the same sample, which allows for a sensitive and selective analysis of ricin isolated from a food or clinical sample. This measurement includes a measure of the toxin's activity. The utility of this method was demonstrated on ricin spiked into food and clinical samples consisting of milk, apple juice, serum, and saliva. C1 [Kalb, Suzanne R.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH DLS, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov OI Kalb, Suzanne/0000-0002-8067-136X NR 13 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2037 EP 2042 DI 10.1021/ac802769s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 418IN UT WOS:000264142000001 PM 19228034 ER PT J AU Broyles, LN Van Beneden, C Beall, B Facklam, R Shewmaker, PL Malpiedi, P Daily, P Reingold, A Farley, MM AF Broyles, Laura N. Van Beneden, Chris Beall, Bernard Facklam, Richard Shewmaker, P. Lynn Malpiedi, Paul Daily, Pamala Reingold, Arthur Farley, Monica M. TI Population-Based Study of Invasive Disease Due to beta-Hemolytic Streptococci of Groups Other than A and B SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; GROUP-C; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; MILLERI; IDENTIFICATION; EQUISIMILIS; PYOGENES; MEMBERS AB Background. beta-Hemolytic streptococci of groups other than A and B (NABS) are increasingly recognized as causes of clinically significant disease, but precise information about this heterogeneous group is lacking. We report the incidence of NABS infection and describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Methods. Active, population-based surveillance for invasive NABS was performed over a 2-year period in the 8-county metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, area and the 3-county San Francisco Bay, California, area. Clinical records were reviewed, and available isolates were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta) for additional microbiologic characterization. Incidences were calculated using year-appropriate US Census Bureau data. Results. A total of 489 cases of invasive NABS infection were identified (3.2 cases per 100,000 population). The median age of patients was 55 years; 64% of patients were males, and 87% had underlying diseases. The incidence was higher among black persons than white persons (4.0 vs. 2.5 cases per 100,000 population;) P < .01 and increased with age among all races. Infections were community acquired in 416 cases (85%). Among the 450 patients (94%) with NABS infection who were hospitalized, 55 (12%) died. Of 266 isolates (54%) speciated at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 212 (80%) were Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis; 46 (17%) were members of the Streptococcus anginosus group. S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis primarily presented as skin and soft-tissue infection in older patients, whereas individuals with invasive S. anginosus group infections were more likely to be younger patients with intra-abdominal infections. Conclusions. NABS comprise multiple distinct species that cause a significant number of community-acquired invasive infections. Clinical manifestations differ by species. Thus, speciation of invasive NABS may be warranted in clinical settings. C1 [Broyles, Laura N.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Van Beneden, Chris; Beall, Bernard; Facklam, Richard; Shewmaker, P. Lynn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malpiedi, Paul; Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Daily, Pamala; Reingold, Arthur] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Broyles, LN (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, Div Infect Dis, 341 Ponce de Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM lbroyle@emory.edu FU CDC's Emerging Infections Program FX Support for the ABCs is provided by the CDC's Emerging Infections Program. NR 30 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1086/597035 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 415QI UT WOS:000263949000003 PM 19187026 ER PT J AU Cheever, KL Marlow, KL B'Hymer, C Hanley, KW Lynch, DW AF Cheever, K. L. Marlow, K. L. B'Hymer, C. Hanley, K. W. Lynch, D. W. TI Development of an HPLC-MS procedure for the quantification of N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine, the major urinary metabolite of 1-bromopropane in human urine SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 1-Bromopropane; HPLC-MS ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; 1-AND 2-BROMOPROPANE; MERCAPTURIC ACIDS; PROPYL HALIDES; TOXIC AGENTS; RATS; EXPOSURE; SOLVENTS; BROMIDE; NEUROTOXICITY AB An analytical procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (n-propylmercapturic acid, AcPrCys), a metabolite and biomarker for exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP). 1-BP is used as an industrial solvent and exposure is a health concern for industrial Workers Clue to its toxicity. it has been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Urine sample preparation for the determination of AcPrCys consisted of solid phase extraction (SPE). Urine samples on preconditioned SPE (08) columns were washed with 40% methanol/60% water solution prior to elution with acetone. Quantification was by means of a liquid chromatograph (1,C) equipped with a mass spectrometer (MS) using an Aqua 3 mu m C18 300A column and [d(7)]-AcPrCys was used as internal standard. Electrospray ionization (ESI) Was used with the MS operated in the negative ion mode and selected ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 204 for AcPrCys and m/z 211 for [d(7)]-AcPrCys. Demonstrated recovery of urine samples fortified at Multiple levels (0.625-10 mu g/ml) varied between 96 and 103% of theory with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 6.4% or less. The limit of detection (LOD) for the procedure was approximately 0.01 mu g/ml AcPrCys in urine. These data will be discussed as well as other factors of the development of this test procedure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cheever, K. L.; Marlow, K. L.; B'Hymer, C.; Hanley, K. W.; Lynch, D. W.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 877 IS 8-9 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.010 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 424NV UT WOS:000264574300024 PM 19237326 ER PT J AU Moore, MR AF Moore, Matthew R. TI Rethinking Replacement and Resistance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE 19A; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISEASE; EMERGENCE; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; COST C1 US PHS, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), US PHS, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 6 BP 771 EP 773 DI 10.1086/597045 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 411UU UT WOS:000263677900001 PM 19434926 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, SS Lapedes, A Tang, H Gnanakaran, S Daniels, MG Zhang, M Bhattacharya, T Li, M Polonis, VR McCutchan, FE Morris, L Ellenberger, D Butera, ST Bollinger, RC Korber, BT Paranjape, RS Montefiori, DC AF Kulkarni, Smita S. Lapedes, Alan Tang, Haili Gnanakaran, S. Daniels, Marcus G. Zhang, Ming Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Li, Ming Polonis, Victoria R. McCutchan, Francine E. Morris, Lynn Ellenberger, Dennis Butera, Salvatore T. Bollinger, Robert C. Korber, Bette T. Paranjape, Ramesh S. Montefiori, David C. TI Highly complex neutralization determinants on a monophyletic lineage of newly transmitted subtype C HIV-1 Env clones from India SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE HIV-1; Neutralizing antibodies; Envelope glycoproteins; Genetic signatures; Heatmap ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PROXIMAL EXTERNAL REGION; CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; CORECEPTOR BINDING-SITE; GP41 CYTOPLASMIC TAIL; TYPE-1 ENVELOPE; ANTIBODY NEUTRALIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Little is known about the neutralization properties of HIV-1 in India to optimally design and test vaccines. For this reason, a functional Env clone was obtained from each of ten newly acquired, heterosexually transmitted HIV-1 infections in Pune, Maharashtra, These clones formed a phylogenetically distinct genetic lineage within subtype C. As Env-pseudotyped Viruses the clones were mostly resistant to IgG1b12, 2G12 and 2F5 but all were sensitive to 4E10. When compared to a large multi-subtype panel of Env-pseudotyped viruses (subtypes B, C and CRF02_AG) in neutralization assays with a multi-subtype panel of HIV-1-positive plasma samples, the Indian Envs were remarkably complex. With the exception of the Indian Envs, results of a hierarchical clustering analysis showed a strong subtype association with the patterns of neutralization susceptibility. From these patterns we were able to identify 19 neutralization cluster-associated amino acid signatures in gp120 and 14 signatures in the ectodomain and cytoplasmic tail of gp41. We conclude that newly transmitted Indian Envs are antigenically complex in spite of close genetic similarity. Delineation of neutralization-associated amino acid signatures provides a deeper understanding of the antigenic structure of HIV-1 Env. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Haili; Li, Ming; Montefiori, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Kulkarni, Smita S.; Paranjape, Ramesh S.] Natl AIDS Res Inst, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Lapedes, Alan; Gnanakaran, S.; Daniels, Marcus G.; Zhang, Ming; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Polonis, Victoria R.; McCutchan, Francine E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polonis, Victoria R.; McCutchan, Francine E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Morris, Lynn] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ellenberger, Dennis; Butera, Salvatore T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bollinger, Robert C.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Montefiori, DC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Box 2926, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM monte@duke.edu RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIAID, NIH) [A130034]; NIAID, NIH [Al 33879-02]; NIH-NCRR OPD-GCRC [5MOIRR00722]; Indian Council of Medical Research FX We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the "Acute Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection" project, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India who helped in collecting the samples and in generating the data. This work was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIAID, NIH) (A130034) and by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (#38619). This work was also supported in part by NIAID, NIH (Al 33879-02), NIH-NCRR OPD-GCRC (5MOIRR00722), the NIH-Fogarty International Center (D43TW0000), and intramural research grants from the Indian Council of Medical Research. NR 111 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 385 IS 2 BP 505 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.032 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 419XE UT WOS:000264252200024 PM 19167740 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LJ Pearson, T Okinaka, RT Schupp, JM Wagner, DM Ravel, J Hoffmaster, AR Trim, CP Chung, WK Beaudry, JA Foster, JT Mead, JI Keim, P AF Kenefic, Leo J. Pearson, Talima Okinaka, Richard T. Schupp, James M. Wagner, David M. Ravel, Jacques Hoffmaster, Alex R. Trim, Carla P. Chung, Wai-Kwan Beaudry, Jodi A. Foster, Jeffrey T. Mead, James I. Keim, Paul TI Pre-Columbian Origins for North American Anthrax SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Disease introduction into the New World during colonial expansion is well documented and had a major impact on indigenous populations; however, few diseases have been associated with early human migrations into North America. During the late Pleistocene epoch, Asia and North America were joined by the Beringian Steppe ecosystem which allowed animals and humans to freely cross what would become a water barrier in the Holocene. Anthrax has clearly been shown to be dispersed by human commerce and trade in animal products contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. Humans appear to have brought B. anthracis to this area from Asia and then moved it further south as an ice-free corridor opened in central Canada similar to 13,000 ybp. In this study, we have defined the evolutionary history of Western North American (WNA) anthrax using 2,850 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 285 geographically diverse B. anthracis isolates. Phylogeography of the major WNA B. anthracis clone reveals ancestral populations in northern Canada with progressively derived populations to the south; the most recent ancestor of this clonal lineage is in Eurasia. Our phylogeographic patterns are consistent with B. anthracis arriving with humans via the Bering Land Bridge. This northern-origin hypothesis is highly consistent with our phylogeographic patterns and rates of SNP accumulation observed in current day B. anthracis isolates. Continent-wide dispersal of WNA B. anthracis likely required movement by later European colonizers, but the continent's first inhabitants may have seeded the initial North American populations. C1 [Kenefic, Leo J.; Pearson, Talima; Okinaka, Richard T.; Schupp, James M.; Wagner, David M.; Trim, Carla P.; Chung, Wai-Kwan; Beaudry, Jodi A.; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Mead, James I.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ravel, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Kenefic, LJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 FU NIH NIGMS [1R01GM060795]; DHS [NBCH2070001]; NIH NIAID [N01-AI15447] FX This work was supported by NIH NIGMS (1R01GM060795), DHS (NBCH2070001) and NIH NIAID (N01-AI15447). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e4813 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004813 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437OH UT WOS:000265496300003 PM 19283072 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Moisi, J Romero-Steiner, S Holder, P Carlone, GM Reid, R Santosham, M AF O'Brien, Katherine L. Moisi, Jennifer Romero-Steiner, Sandra Holder, Patricia Carlone, George M. Reid, Raymond Santosham, Mathuram TI Pneumococcal antibodies in a child with type 14 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine failure SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Immunogenicity; Vaccine failure ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; INFANTS; TRIAL; SAFETY; SERUM AB We measured the concentration, opsonic activity, and avidity of serotype-specific serum antibodies in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCRM7) efficacy trial participant who contracted serotype 14 pneumococcal bacteremia following dose 3 of PnCRM7. Controls included 18 PnCRM7- and 10 MnCC-vaccinated children without invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The child with vaccine failure had 4.98 mcg/mL of serotype 14 antibodies 10 days before disease onset; these antibodies had greater opsonic activity and lower avidity than those of control PnCRM7 recipients. The child had no booster response to a fourth dose of PnCRM7 for most vaccine serotypes. We conclude that antibody concentration, functional activity and avidity do not predict individual protection against IPD, and immunological correlates of protection are only useful at the population level. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Brien, Katherine L.; Moisi, Jennifer; Reid, Raymond; Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Med, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Romero-Steiner, Sandra; Holder, Patricia; Carlone, George M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Med, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD USA. EM klobrien@jhsph.edu OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 FU Wyeth Vaccines; National Institutes of Health; World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated work of the nurses, research program assistants and other staff of the Center for American Indian Health. They also wish to recognize the efforts of the families who participated in this study. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Indian Health Service. The American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial was funded by Wyeth Vaccines, the National Institutes of Health, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1863 EP 1868 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.060 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 426AU UT WOS:000264680600011 PM 19171175 ER PT J AU Mintz, ED Guerrant, RL AF Mintz, Eric D. Guerrant, Richard L. TI Global Health: A Lion in Our Village - The Unconscionable Tragedy of Cholera in Africa. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mintz, Eric D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 12 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1063 DI 10.1056/NEJMp0810559 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 417BW UT WOS:000264051000002 PM 19279337 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Glass, RI AF Parashar, Umesh D. Glass, Roger I. TI Global Health: Rotavirus Vaccines - Early Success, Remaining Questions. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; EFFICACY; SAFETY C1 [Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA USA. [Glass, Roger I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 12 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 11 BP 1063 EP 1065 DI 10.1056/NEJMp0810154 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 417BW UT WOS:000264051000003 PM 19279338 ER PT J AU Mazurek, JM Wood, JM AF Mazurek, J. M. Wood, J. M. TI Asbestosis-Related Years of Potential Life Lost Before Age 65 Years-United States, 1968-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1321-1325, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MORTALITY C1 [Mazurek, J. M.; Wood, J. M.] CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mazurek, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 10 BP 1012 EP 1014 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 416OQ UT WOS:000264015800008 ER PT J CA CDC TI Updated Guidelines for the Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 7-10, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; IMPACT C1 CDC, Nat Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Nat Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 10 BP 1014 EP 1016 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 416OQ UT WOS:000264015800009 ER PT J AU Dharan, NJ Gubareva, LV Meyer, JJ Okomo-Adhiambo, M McClinton, RC Marshall, SA George, KS Epperson, S Brammer, L Klimov, AI Bresee, JS Fry, AM AF Dharan, Nila J. Gubareva, Larisa V. Meyer, John J. Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret McClinton, Reginald C. Marshall, Steven A. George, Kirsten St. Epperson, Scott Brammer, Lynnette Klimov, Alexander I. Bresee, Joseph S. Fry, Alicia M. CA Oseltamivir-Resistance Working Grp TI Infections With Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/46th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; A VIRUSES; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; WORLDWIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHILDREN; UPDATE AB Context During the 2007-2008 influenza season, oseltamivir resistance among influenza A(H1N1) viruses increased significantly for the first time worldwide. Early surveillance data suggest that the prevalence of oseltamivir resistance among A( H1N1) viruses will most likely be higher during the 2008-2009 season. Objectives To describe patients infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A( H1N1) virus and to determine whether there were any differences between these patients and patients infected with oseltamivir-susceptible A(H1N1) virus in demographic or epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, severity of illness, or clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Patients Influenza A(H1N1) viruses that were identified and submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by US public health laboratories between September 30, 2007, and May 17, 2008, and between September 28, 2008, and February 19, 2009, were tested as part of ongoing surveillance. Oseltamivir resistance was determined by neuraminidase inhibition assay and pyrosequencing analysis. Information was collected using a standardized case form from patients with oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) infections and a comparison group of patients with oseltamivir-susceptible A(H1N1) infections during 2007-2008. Main Outcome Measures Demographic and epidemiological information as well as clinical information, including symptoms, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes. Results During the 2007-2008 season, influenza A(H1N1) accounted for an estimated 19% of circulating influenza viruses in the United States. Among 1155 influenza A(H1N1) viruses tested from 45 states, 142 (12.3%) from 24 states were resistant to oseltamivir. Data were available for 99 oseltamivir-resistant cases and 182 oseltamivir-susceptible cases from this period. Among resistant cases, median age was 19 years (range, 1 month to 62 years), 5 patients (5%) were hospitalized, and 4 patients (4%) died. None reported oseltamivir exposure before influenza diagnostic sample collection. No significant differences were found between cases of oseltamivir-resistant and oseltamivir-susceptible influenza in demographic characteristics, underlying medical illness, or clinical symptoms. Preliminary data from the 2008- 2009 influenza season identified resistance to oseltamivir among 264 of 268 influenza A(H1N1) viruses (98.5%) tested. Conclusions Oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses circulated widely in the United States during the 2007-2008 influenza season, appeared to be unrelated to oseltamivir use, and appeared to cause illness similar to oseltamivir-susceptible A(H1N1) viruses. Circulation of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses will continue, with a higher prevalence of resistance, during the 2008-2009 season. C1 [Dharan, Nila J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev Assigned, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meyer, John J.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [McClinton, Reginald C.] Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Marshall, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [George, Kirsten St.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Dharan, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev Assigned, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nfd6@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 295 Z9 325 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 10 BP 1034 EP 1041 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 416OQ UT WOS:000264015800027 PM 19255110 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Weight control behaviors in overweight/obese US adults with diagnosed hypertension and diabetes SO CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; LOSE WEIGHT; OBESE-PATIENTS; RISK-FACTOR; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL COHORT; CLINICAL-TRIAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for development and progression of hypertension and diabetes, which often coexist in obese patients. Losing weight by means of energy restriction and physical activity has been effective in preventing and managing these diseases. However, weight control behaviors among overweight/obese adults with these conditions are poorly understood. Methods: Using self-reported data from 143,386 overweight/obese participants (aged = 18 years) in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined the proportion of overweight/obese adults who tried to lose weight and their weight control strategies by hypertension and/or diabetes status. Results: Among all participants, 58% of those with hypertension, 60% of those with diabetes, and 72% of those with both diseases tried to lose weight, significantly higher than the 50% of those with neither condition (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.017 for all comparisons). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for trying to lose weight was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.17) in participants with hypertension, 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90-1.15) in participants with diabetes, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07-1.29) in participants with both diseases (participants with neither condition as the referent). Among 78,446 participants who tried to lose weight, 23% of those with hypertension only and 28% of those with both hypertension and diabetes reported adopting a low fat/low calorie (LF/LC) diet in controlling their weight, significantly higher than 19% of those with neither disease (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.017 for all comparisons). Participants with both diseases had a significantly lower percentage of adopting physical activity in controlling their weight than those with neither condition (6% versus 12%, P < 0.01). After multivariate adjustment, the AOR for adopting a LF/LC diet plus physical activity to lose weight was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.15-1.84) in participants with both diseases. The AOR for adopting a LF/LC diet only to lose weight was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.35-2.20) in participants with both diseases and was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03-1.40) in participants with hypertension only. Conclusion: The proportion of overweight/obese patients with diagnosed hypertension and/or diabetes who attempted to lose weight remains suboptimal and the weight control strategies varied significantly among these patients. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwj4@cdc.gov; eford@cdc.gov; dmi3@cdc.gov; mokdaa@u.washington.edu NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2840 J9 CARDIOVASC DIABETOL JI Cardiovasc. Diabetol. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1475-2840-8-13 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 422AF UT WOS:000264398700001 PM 19267925 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Camacho, RJ Otelea, D Kuritzkes, DR Fleury, H Kiuchi, M Heneine, W Kantor, R Jordan, MR Schapiro, JM Vandamme, AM Sandstrom, P Boucher, CAB van de Vijver, D Rhee, SY Liu, TF Pillay, D Shafer, RW AF Bennett, Diane E. Camacho, Ricardo J. Otelea, Dan Kuritzkes, Daniel R. Fleury, Herve Kiuchi, Mark Heneine, Walid Kantor, Rami Jordan, Michael R. Schapiro, Jonathan M. Vandamme, Anne-Mieke Sandstrom, Paul Boucher, Charles A. B. van de Vijver, David Rhee, Soo-Yon Liu, Tommy F. Pillay, Deenan Shafer, Robert W. TI Drug Resistance Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug-Resistance: 2009 Update SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Programs that monitor local, national, and regional levels of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance inform treatment guidelines and provide feedback on the success of HIV-1 treatment and prevention programs. To accurately compare transmitted drug resistance rates across geographic regions and times, the World Health Organization has recommended the adoption of a consensus genotypic definition of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance. In January 2007, we outlined criteria for developing a list of mutations for drug-resistance surveillance and compiled a list of 80 RT and protease mutations meeting these criteria (surveillance drug resistance mutations; SDRMs). Since January 2007, several new drugs have been approved and several new drug-resistance mutations have been identified. In this paper, we follow the same procedures described previously to develop an updated list of SDRMs that are likely to be useful for ongoing and future studies of transmitted drug resistance. The updated SDRM list has 93 mutations including 34 NRTI-resistance mutations at 15 RT positions, 19 NNRTI-resistance mutations at 10 RT positions, and 40 PI-resistance mutations at 18 protease positions. C1 [Bennett, Diane E.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Camacho, Ricardo J.] Ctr Hosp Lisboa Ocident, Mol Biol Lab, Lisbon, Portugal. [Otelea, Dan] Inst Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania. [Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Fleury, Herve] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Virol, EA 2968, Bordeaux, France. [Kiuchi, Mark; Schapiro, Jonathan M.; Rhee, Soo-Yon; Liu, Tommy F.; Shafer, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kantor, Rami] Brown Univ, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jordan, Michael R.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Vandamme, Anne-Mieke] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. [Sandstrom, Paul] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Boucher, Charles A. B.; van de Vijver, David] Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Boucher, Charles A. B.] Univ Utrecht, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Pillay, Deenan] UCL, Ctr Virol, Div Infect & Immun, London, England. [Pillay, Deenan] UCL, Ctr Infect, Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. RP Bennett, DE (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM rshafer@stanford.edu RI santos, sofia/I-1637-2012; Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; Camacho, Ricardo/I-7629-2012; Rhee, Soo-Yon/L-4597-2013 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Camacho, Ricardo/0000-0002-9129-3237; FU NIAID [AI06858] FX SY Rhee, TF Liu, M Kiuchi, and RW Shafer were supported by a grant from the NIAID (AI06858). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 455 Z9 477 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e4724 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004724 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437ME UT WOS:000265490800005 PM 19266092 ER PT J AU Whistler, T Fletcher, MA Lonergan, W Zeng, XR Lin, JM LaPerriere, A Vernon, SD Klimas, NG AF Whistler, Toni Fletcher, Mary Ann Lonergan, William Zeng, Xiao-R Lin, Jin-Mann LaPerriere, Arthur Vernon, Suzanne D. Klimas, Nancy G. TI Impaired immune function in Gulf War Illness SO BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE; LARGE GENE LISTS; INTRACELLULAR PERFORIN; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; TUMOR-CELLS; VETERANS; DYSFUNCTION; EXERCISE AB Background: Gulf War Illness (GWI) remains a serious health consequence for at least 11,000 veterans of the first Gulf War in the early 1990s. Our understanding of the health consequences that resulted remains inadequate, and this is of great concern with another deployment to the same theater of operations occurring now. Chronic immune cell dysfunction and activation have been demonstrated in patients with GWI, although the literature is not uniform. We exposed GWI patients and matched controls to an exercise challenge to explore differences in immune cell function measured by classic immune assays and gene expression profiling. Methods: This pilot study enrolled 9 GWI cases identified from the Department of Veterans Affairs GWI registry, and 11 sedentary control veterans who had not been deployed to the Persian Gulf and were matched to cases by sex, body mass index (BMI) and age. We measured peripheral blood cell numbers, NK cytotoxicity, cytokines and expression levels of 20,000 genes immediately before, immediately after and 4 hours following a standard bicycle ergometer exercise challenge. Results: A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences for three NK cell subsets and NK cytotoxicity between cases and controls (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis correlating NK cell numbers to the gene expression profiles showed high correlation of genes associated with NK cell function, serving as a biologic validation of both the in vitro assays and the microarray platform. Intracellular perforin levels in NK and CD8 T-cells trended lower and showed a flatter profile in GWI cases than controls, as did the expression levels of the perforin gene PRF1. Genes distinguishing cases from controls were associated with the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. Conclusion: GWI patients demonstrated impaired immune function as demonstrated by decreased NK cytotoxicity and altered gene expression associated with NK cell function. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, T-cell ratios, and dysregulated mediators of the stress response (including salivary cortisol) were also altered in GWI cases compared to control subjects. An interesting and potentially important observation was that the exercise challenge augments these differences, with the most significant effects observed immediately after the stressor, possibly implicating some block in the NK and CD8 T-cells ability to respond to "stress-mediated activation". This has positive implications for the development of laboratory diagnostic tests for this syndrome and provides a paradigm for exploration of the immuno-physiological mechanisms that are operating in GWI, and similar complex syndromes. Our results do not necessarily elucidate the cause of GWI, but they do reveal a role for immune cell dysfunction in sustaining illness. C1 [Whistler, Toni; Lonergan, William; Lin, Jin-Mann; Vernon, Suzanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fletcher, Mary Ann; Zeng, Xiao-R; LaPerriere, Arthur; Klimas, Nancy G.] Miami Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Fletcher, Mary Ann; Zeng, Xiao-R; Klimas, Nancy G.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Whistler, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM taw6@cdc.gov; mfletche@med.miami.edu; drj4@cdc.gov; xzeng@med.miami.edu; dwe3@cdc.gov; alaperriere@med.miami.edu; sdvernon@cfids.org; nancy.klimas@med.va.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1755-8794 J9 BMC MED GENOMICS JI BMC Med. Genomics PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1755-8794-2-12 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 532KB UT WOS:000272745600001 PM 19265525 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Fulton, JE Galuska, DA Kruger, J Lobelo, F Loustalot, FV AF Carlson, S. A. Fulton, J. E. Galuska, D. A. Kruger, J. Lobelo, F. Loustalot, F. V. TI Prevalence of Self-Reported Physically Active Adults-United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1297-1300, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Carlson, S. A.; Fulton, J. E.; Galuska, D. A.; Kruger, J.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lobelo, F.; Loustalot, F. V.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI lobelo, felipe/B-9148-2013 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 4 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 9 BP 926 EP 927 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HQ UT WOS:000263784600008 ER PT J AU Adhikari, B Kahende, J Malarcher, A Husten, C Asman, K AF Adhikari, B. Kahende, J. Malarcher, A. Husten, C. Asman, K. TI State-Specific Smoking-Attributable Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost-United States, 2000-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 29-33, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Adhikari, B.; Kahende, J.; Malarcher, A.; Husten, C.; Asman, K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adhikari, B (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 4 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 9 BP 928 EP 929 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HQ UT WOS:000263784600009 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Zhao, GX Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Zhao, Guixiang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Concentrations of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol Among Children and Adolescents in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; epidemiology; lipids; pediatrics; prevention ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CLINICS PROGRAM PREVALENCE; BOGALUSA HEART; SERUM-LIPIDS; BIRACIAL COMMUNITY; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG MEN; TRENDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILDHOOD AB Background Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated guidance on lipid screening in childhood. Our objective was to examine recent distributions in concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among US children and adolescents and to estimate the prevalence of adolescents who are potentially eligible for pharmacological treatment for elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Methods and Results We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2006 for participants 6 to 17 years of age. The mean concentration for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for participants 12 to 17 years of age was 90.2 mg/dL (n = 2724), and the mean concentration of total cholesterol among participants 6 to 17 years of age was 163.0 mg/dL (n = 9868). Depending on the cut points used, an elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was noted for 5.2% to 6.6% of participants and an elevated concentration of total cholesterol for 9.6% to 10.7%. Approximately 0.8% of adolescents 12 to 17 years of age were potentially eligible for pharmacological treatment for elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion Given current guidelines, only a small percentage of US adolescents may need pharmacological treatment for elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (Circulation. 2009; 119: 1108-1115.) C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Zhao, Guixiang; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816769 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 413DC UT WOS:000263772100008 PM 19221218 ER PT J AU Van Hoeven, N Pappas, C Belser, JA Maines, TR Zeng, H Garcia-Sastre, A Sasisekharan, R Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Van Hoeven, Neal Pappas, Claudia Belser, Jessica A. Maines, Taronna R. Zeng, Hui Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Sasisekharan, Ram Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Human HA and polymerase subunit PB2 proteins confer transmission of an avian influenza virus through the air SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ferrets; 1918 pandemic ID SINGLE AMINO-ACID; A VIRUSES; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; PANDEMIC VIRUS; RNA-POLYMERASE; HIGH VIRULENCE; H5N1 VIRUSES; BINDING AB The influenza virus genes that confer efficient transmission of epidemic and pandemic strains in humans have not been identified. The rapid spread and severe disease caused by the 1918 influenza pandemic virus makes it an ideal virus to study the transmissibility of potentially pandemic influenza strains. Here, we used a series of human 1918-avian H1N1 influenza reassortant viruses to identify the genetic determinants that govern airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses. We have demonstrated that the 1918 HA gene was necessary for efficient direct contact transmission, but did not allow respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets of an avian influenza virus possessing an avian polymerase subunit PB2. The 1918 PB2 protein was found to be both necessary and sufficient for airborne transmission of a virus expressing the 1918 HA and neuraminidase. Also, it was found that influenza viruses that were able to transmit efficiently in ferrets were able to replicate efficiently at the lower temperature (33 degrees C) found in the environment of mammalian airway. These findings demonstrate that the adaptation of the HA and PB2 proteins are critical for the development of pandemic influenza strains from avian influenza viruses. C1 [Van Hoeven, Neal; Pappas, Claudia; Belser, Jessica A.; Maines, Taronna R.; Zeng, Hui; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU National Institutes of Health [PO1 AI058113]; Northeast Biodefense Center [U54 AI057158]; Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism [U19 AI62623]; Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology FX We thank Eddie Jackson for exceptional care of animals used in this study. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. This work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health Grant PO1 AI058113 (to A.G.-S.), Northeast Biodefense Center Grant U54 AI057158, and Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism Grant U19 AI62623. R. S. was supported by the Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology. NR 37 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 9 BP 3366 EP 3371 DI 10.1073/pnas.0813172106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414DM UT WOS:000263844100070 PM 19211790 ER PT J AU Baskin, CR Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Tumpey, TM Sabourin, PJ Long, JP Garcia-Sastre, A Tolnay, AE Albrecht, R Pyles, JA Olson, PH Aicher, LD Rosenzweig, ER Murali-Krishna, K Clark, EA Kotur, MS Fornek, JL Proll, S Palermo, RE Sabourin, CL Katze, MG AF Baskin, Carole R. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle Tumpey, Terrence M. Sabourin, Patrick J. Long, James P. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Tolnay, Airn-E. Albrecht, Randy Pyles, John A. Olson, Pam H. Aicher, Lauri D. Rosenzweig, Elizabeth R. Murali-Krishna, Kaja Clark, Edward A. Kotur, Mark S. Fornek, Jamie L. Proll, Sean Palermo, Robert E. Sabourin, Carol L. Katze, Michael G. TI Early and sustained innate immune response defines pathology and death in nonhuman primates infected by highly pathogenic influenza virus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 1918 pandemic; functional genomics; H5N1 ID A H5N1 VIRUS; ANTIVIRAL CYTOKINE RESPONSES; 1918 PANDEMIC VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN AIRWAY; GENE; HUMANS; MICE AB The mechanisms responsible for the virulence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus in humans remain poorly understood. To identify crucial components of the early host response during these infections by using both conventional and functional genomics tools, we studied 34 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to compare a 2004 human H5N1 Vietnam isolate with 2 reassortant viruses possessing the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins, known conveyors of virulence. One of the reassortants also contained the 1918 nonstructural (NS1) protein, an inhibitor of the host interferon response. Among these viruses, HPAI H5N1 was the most virulent. Within 24 h, the H5N1 virus produced severe bronchiolar and alveolar lesions. Notably, the H5N1 virus targeted type II pneumocytes throughout the 7-day infection, and induced the most dramatic and sustained expression of type I interferons and inflammatory and innate immune genes, as measured by genomic and protein assays. The H5N1 infection also resulted in prolonged margination of circulating T lymphocytes and notable apoptosis of activated dendritic cells in the lungs and draining lymph nodes early during infection. While both 1918 reassortant viruses also were highly pathogenic, the H5N1 virus was exceptional for the extent of tissue damage, cytokinemia, and interference with immune regulatory mechanisms, which may help explain the extreme virulence of HPAI viruses in humans. C1 [Baskin, Carole R.; Murali-Krishna, Kaja; Clark, Edward A.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baskin, Carole R.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baskin, Carole R.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccinol, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle; Tolnay, Airn-E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sabourin, Patrick J.; Long, James P.; Pyles, John A.; Olson, Pam H.; Kotur, Mark S.; Sabourin, Carol L.] Battelle Biomed Res Ctr, W Jefferson, OH 43201 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Albrecht, Randy] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Aicher, Lauri D.; Rosenzweig, Elizabeth R.; Fornek, Jamie L.; Proll, Sean; Palermo, Robert E.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Murali-Krishna, Kaja; Clark, Edward A.] Univ Washington, Dept Immunol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baskin, CR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM carole.baskin@asu.edu RI Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle/A-3686-2010; Clark, Edward/K-3462-2012; OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Albrecht, Randy/0000-0003-4008-503X FU Battelle Internal Research and Development; National Institutes of Health [R01AI46954, P01AI58113, U01AI070469, R24 RR16354-04, P51 RR00166-45, R01 AI022646-20A1, K08 AI059106- 02]; Cambridge Research Biochemicals [R03 AI075019-01] FX This work was supported by Battelle Internal Research and Development funds and by National Institutes of Health Grants R01AI46954, P01AI58113, and U01AI070469 (to A.G.-S.); R24 RR16354- 04, P51 RR00166- 45, and R01 AI022646- 20A1 ( to M. G. K.); K08 AI059106- 02 ( to Cambridge Research Biochemicals); and R03 AI075019- 01 ( to H. B.- O.). NR 55 TC 219 Z9 226 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 9 BP 3455 EP 3460 DI 10.1073/pnas.0813234106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414DM UT WOS:000263844100085 PM 19218453 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Yoo, DG Lipatov, AS Song, JM Davis, CT Quan, FS Chen, LM Donis, RO Compans, RW AF Kang, Sang-Moo Yoo, Dae-Goon Lipatov, Aleksandr S. Song, Jae-Min Davis, C. Todd Quan, Fu-Shi Chen, Li-Mei Donis, Ruben O. Compans, Richard W. TI Induction of Long-Term Protective Immune Responses by Influenza H5N1 Virus-Like Particles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Recurrent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus pose a threat of eventually causing a pandemic. Early vaccination of the population would be the single most effective measure for the control of an emerging influenza pandemic. Methodology/Principal Findings: Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in insect cell-culture substrates do not depend on the availability of fertile eggs for vaccine manufacturing. We produced VLPs containing influenza A/Viet Nam1203/04 (H5N1) hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix proteins, and investigated their preclinical immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Mice immunized intranasally with H5N1 VLPs developed high levels of H5N1 specific antibodies and were 100% protected against a high dose of homologous H5N1 virus infection at 30 weeks after immunization. Protection is likely to be correlated with humoral and cellular immunologic memory at systemic and mucosal sites as evidenced by rapid anamnestic responses to re-stimulation with viral antigen in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions/Significance: These results provide support for clinical evaluation of H5N1 VLP vaccination as a public health intervention to mitigate a possible pandemic of H5N1 influenza. C1 [Kang, Sang-Moo; Yoo, Dae-Goon; Song, Jae-Min; Quan, Fu-Shi; Compans, Richard W.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kang, Sang-Moo; Yoo, Dae-Goon; Song, Jae-Min; Quan, Fu-Shi; Compans, Richard W.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lipatov, Aleksandr S.; Davis, C. Todd; Chen, Li-Mei; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM skang2@emory.edu; compans@microbio.emory.edu RI Compans, Richard/I-4087-2013 OI Compans, Richard/0000-0003-2360-335X FU NIH/NIAID [AI0680003]; Korea Ginseng Society FX This work was supported by NIH/NIAID grant AI0680003 (R.W.C.) and partially by funds from Korea Ginseng Society (S.K.). The funders did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Proprietary or brand names used are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the CDC neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of names by the CDC implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 54 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e4667 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004667 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437LV UT WOS:000265489900009 PM 19252744 ER PT J AU Coker, TR Elliott, MN Kataoka, S Schwebel, DC Mrug, S Grunbaum, JA Cuccaro, P Peskin, MF Schuster, MA AF Coker, Tumaini R. Elliott, Marc N. Kataoka, Sheryl Schwebel, David C. Mrug, Sylvie Grunbaum, Jo Anne Cuccaro, Paula Peskin, Melissa F. Schuster, Mark A. TI Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Mental Health Care Utilization of Fifth Grade Children SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE mental health; racial/ethnic disparities; utilization ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CULTURAL-DIFFERENCES; REFERRAL PROBLEMS; HELP-SEEKING; SERVICE USE; ADOLESCENTS; ADHD; DETERMINANTS AB Objective.-The aim of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in fifth grade children's mental health care utilization. Methods.-We analyzed cross-sectional data from a study of 5147 fifth graders and their parents in 3 US metropolitan areas from 2004-06. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine racial/ethnic differences in mental health care utilization. Results.-Nine percent of parents reported that their child had ever used mental health care services; fewer black (6%) and Hispanic (8%) children had used services than white children (14%). Fewer black and Hispanic children with recent symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder. and conduct disorder, and fewer black children with symptoms of depression had ever utilized services compared with white children. In multivariate analyses controlling for demographic factors, parental mental health, social support. and symptoms of the 4 mental health conditions. we found that black children were less likely than white children to have ever used services (Odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2-0.4, P <.001). The odds ratio for black children remained virtually unchanged when the analysis was restricted to children with symptoms of >= 1 mental health condition, and when the analysis was stratified by mental health condition. The difference in utilization for Hispanic compared with white children was fully explained by sociodemographics in all multivariate models. Conclusions.-Disparities exist in mental health care utilization for black and Hispanic children; the disparity for black children is independent of sociodemographics and child mental health need. Efforts to reduce this disparity may benefit from addressing not only access and diagnosis issues, but also parents' help-seeking preferences for mental health care for their children. C1 [Coker, Tumaini R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Mattel Childrens Hosp, UCLA RAND Ctr Adolescent Hlth Promot,Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Coker, Tumaini R.; Elliott, Marc N.; Schuster, Mark A.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Schwebel, David C.; Mrug, Sylvie] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cuccaro, Paula; Peskin, Melissa F.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. RP Coker, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Mattel Childrens Hosp, UCLA RAND Ctr Adolescent Hlth Promot,Dept Pediat, 1072 Gayley Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM tcoker@mednet.ucla.edu OI Cuccaro, Paula/0000-0002-9551-4789 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers [U48DP000046, U48DP000057, U48DP000056] FX The "Healthy Passages" study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers (Cooperative Agreements U48DP000046, U48DP000057. and U48DP000056: Dr Mark A. Schuster). The authors thank Dr Greta Massetti for her review of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1876-2859 J9 ACAD PEDIATR JI Acad. Pediatr. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 573KZ UT WOS:000275913600006 PM 19329099 ER PT J AU Grzybicki, DM Shahangian, S Pollock, AM Raab, SS AF Grzybicki, Dana Marie Shahangian, Shahram Pollock, Anne M. Raab, Stephen S. TI A Summary of Deliberations on Strategic Planning for Continuous Quality Improvement in Laboratory Medicine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quality; Strategic planning; Laboratory medicine AB On September 24-26, 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened the 2007 Institute on Critical Issues in Health Laboratory Practice: Managing for Better Health to develop an action plan for change for the immediate and long-term future. A wide variety of stakeholders, including pathologists, pathologist extenders, clinicians, and researchers, examined means to improve laboratory service communication, quality parameters, and potential future laboratory contributions to health care. In this summary document, we present the identified gaps, barriers, and proposed action plans for improvement for laboratory medicine in the 6 qualify domains identified by the Institute of Medicine: safety, effectiveness, patient centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Five major recommendations emerged, from concluding discussions and included focusing on preanalytic and postanalytic processes as areas of potential quality improvement and recruiting a multidisciplinary; group of nonlaboratory stakeholders to work with laboratory personnel to achieve improvement goals. C1 [Grzybicki, Dana Marie; Raab, Stephen S.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pathol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Shahangian, Shahram; Pollock, Anne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grzybicki, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pathol, 12631 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. FU CDC [C107-708] FX Supported by cooperative agreement (C107-708)from the CDC NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1309/AJCP4M9UYBVMHTKC PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 408HZ UT WOS:000263427400002 PM 19228637 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Snyder, SR AF Shahangian, Shahram Snyder, Susan R. TI Laboratory Medicine Quality Indicators A Review of the Literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Laboratory medicine; Quality indicator; Quality measure; Laboratory test utilization; Laboratory service delivery; Health outcome ID PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; TEST TURNAROUND TIME; BLOOD CULTURE CONTAMINATION; TEST-ORDERING BEHAVIOR; SPECIMEN IDENTIFICATION ERRORS; ROUTINE INDIVIDUAL FEEDBACK; NEW-YORK-STATE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP AB We summarize information on quality indicators related to laboratory testing from published literature and Inlet-net sources to assess current gaps with respect to stages of the laboratory testing process, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) health care domains, and quality measure evaluation criteria. Our search strategy used various general and specific terms for clinical conditions and laboratory procedures. References related to a potential quality indicator associated with laboratory testing and an IOM health care domain were included. With the exception of disease- and condition-related indicators originating from clinical guidelines, the laboratory medicine quality indicators reviewed did not satisfy minimum standard evaluation criteria for quality or performance measures (ie, importance, scientific acceptability, and feasibility) and demonstrated a need across the total laboratory testing process for consistently; specified, useful, and evidence-based, laboratory-related quality and performance measures that are important to health outcomes and meaningful to health care stakeholders for which laboratories can be held accountable. C1 [Shahangian, Shahram] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat, Div Lab Syst, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Genom Branch, Div Lab Syst, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sshahangian@cdc.gov NR 135 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 BP 418 EP 431 DI 10.1309/AJCPJF8JI4ZLDQUE PG 14 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 408HZ UT WOS:000263427400013 PM 19228647 ER PT J AU Bautista, LE Correa, A Baumgartner, J Breysse, P Matanoski, GM AF Bautista, Leonelo E. Correa, Adolfo Baumgartner, Jill Breysse, Patrick Matanoski, Genevieve M. TI Indoor Charcoal Smoke and Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Children in the Dominican Republic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; indoor; biomass; charcoal; Dominican Republic; particulate matter; respiratory tract infections; smoke; wood ID WOOD-BURNING STOVES; AIR-POLLUTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TRACT INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; BIOMASS COMBUSTION; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; ILLNESS AB The authors investigated the effect of charcoal smoke exposure on risks of acute upper and lower respiratory infection (AURI and ALRI) among children under age 18 months in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (1991-1992). Children living in households using charcoal for cooking (exposed, n = 201) were age-matched to children living in households using propane gas (nonexposed, n = 214) and were followed for 1 year or until 2 years of age. Fuel use and new episodes of AURI and ALRI were ascertained biweekly through interviews and medical examinations. Household indoor-air concentration of respirable particulate matter (RPM) was measured in a sample of follow-up visits. Incidences of AURI and ALRI were 4.4 and 1.4 episodes/child-year, respectively. After adjustment for other risk factors, exposed children had no significant increase in risk of AURI but were 1.56 times (95% confidence interval: 1.23, 1.97) more likely to develop ALRI. RPM concentrations were higher in charcoal-using households (27.9 mu g/m(3) vs. 17.6 mu g/m(3)), and ALRI risk increased with RPM exposure (10-mu g/m(3) increment: odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.34). Exposure to charcoal smoke increases the risk of ALRI in young children, an effect that is probably mediated by RPM. Reducing charcoal smoke exposure may lower the burden of ALRI among children in this population. C1 [Bautista, Leonelo E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Alumni Res Fdn 703, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Bautista, Leonelo E.; Correa, Adolfo; Breysse, Patrick; Matanoski, Genevieve M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bautista, LE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Alumni Res Fdn 703, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM lebautista@wisc.edu RI Baumgartner, Jill/L-4598-2013 FU Center for Indoor Air Research [91-04A] FX This work was supported by the Center for Indoor Air Research under contract 91-04A. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 5 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn372 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 407ZT UT WOS:000263403500006 PM 19126589 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Brooks, JT Bush, TJ Conley, LJ Henry, K Carpenter, CCJ Overton, ET Hammer, J Wood, K Holmberg, SD AF Vellozzi, Claudia Brooks, John T. Bush, Timothy J. Conley, Lois J. Henry, Keith Carpenter, Charles C. J. Overton, E. Turner Hammer, John Wood, Kathy Holmberg, Scott D. TI The Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; highly active; chronic disease; cohort studies; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED PATIENTS; GENERAL-POPULATION; MORTALITY-RATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POSITIVE PATIENTS; PRE-HAART AB Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with highly active combination antiretroviral therapy has increased survival and shifted the spectrum of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections toward a variety of other medical conditions. The prospective cohort Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study) monitors the clinical course of HIV-infected individuals treated with combination antiretroviral therapy in 4 US cities. Every 6 months, clinical assessments, medical record abstraction, audio computer-assisted self-interview, and neurocognitive measurements are completed and blood and urine specimens are banked centrally. At enrollment and periodically thereafter, additional techniques such as anal cytology, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, carotid ultrasonography, echocardiography, and abdominal and cardiac computed tomography are performed. From March 2004 through June 2006, 700 participants were enrolled; median age was 41 years, 76% were men, 58% were non-Hispanic white, 62% were men who have sex with men, 78% were taking combination antiretroviral therapy (of whom 86% had an HIV viral load of < 400 copies/mL), and median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 459 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range: 324-660). The SUN Study provides a wealth of data that will inform and improve the clinical management of HIV-infected individuals in the modern era. C1 [Vellozzi, Claudia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP NCHHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Henry, Keith] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, HIV Program, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Henry, Keith] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Carpenter, Charles C. J.] Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Overton, E. Turner] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Hammer, John] Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Wood, Kathy] Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. [Holmberg, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP NCHHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bno1@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00610, 200-2002-00611, 200-2002-00612, 200-2002-00613, 2002007-23633, 200-2007-23634, 200-2007-23635, 200-2007-23636] FX Financial support was received from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contracts 200-2002-00610, 200-2002-00611, 200-2002-00612, 200-2002-00613, 2002007-23633, 200-2007-23634, 200-2007-23635, and 200-2007-23636. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 5 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn361 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 407ZT UT WOS:000263403500014 PM 19074775 ER PT J AU Lankford, T Kruger, J Bauer, D AF Lankford, Tina Kruger, Judy Bauer, Deborah TI State Legislation to Improve Employee Wellness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Review DE Workplace; Worksite; Legislation; Employee Health; Health Promotion; Prevention Research ID HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INTERVENTIONS; POLICY AB Objective. Categorize and describe the content and status of state legislation of worksite wellness. Methods. State worksite wellness legislation was compiled from the Centers for Disease Control's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity State Legislative Database (http://apps.n.ccd.cdc.gov/DNPALeg/index.asp) and from LexisNexis (http://www.lexisnexis.com). Key word searches were used to gather worksite wellness legislation (2001-2006), with the exception of resolutions and those bills not pertaining to general employee wellness. Legislation was individually examined, categorized, and analyzed for content and status. Results. The four categories of state legislation that appeared to be most common were tax credits (n = 34; 0 passed), wellness policies and programs (n =21; 4 passed), alternative transportation (n = 18; 4 passed), and health insurance (n = 14; 3 passed). Conclusion. During 2001 to 2006, seven of 27 states enacted worksite wellness bills. In the three categories in which bills passed (wellness policies and programs, alternative transportation, and health insurance), 19% to 22% were enacted. This proportion, similar to other health promotions bills, indicates that worksite health promotion legislation passed as favorably as other health promotion topics. Further, the language in the bills did not recommend a specific standard for employee health, such as that in the national Healthy People 2010 objectives. (Am J Health Promot 2009;23[4]:283-289.) C1 [Lankford, Tina; Kruger, Judy; Bauer, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lankford, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tlankford@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.4278/ajhp.071218137 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 419KG UT WOS:000264217700010 PM 19288851 ER PT J AU Johnson, DL Lynch, RA Mead, KR AF Johnson, David L. Lynch, Robert A. Mead, Kenneth R. TI Containment effectiveness of expedient patient isolation units SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background: it is generally recognized that the health care system does not have adequate isolation capacity to meet the surge in demand during a major outbreak of airborne infectious disease. Alternatives to engineered isolation rooms undoubtedly will be required as surge isolation requirements exceed the available resources. The purpose of this work was to estimate containment efficiency of expedient airborne infectious isolation units with and without anterooms in the absence and presence of care provider traffic. Methods: Fluorescent 2-mu m aerosol particles were released into the interior of expedient-construction isolation modules exhausted with a high-efficiency particulate air (HF-PA)-filtered fan unit. Particle concentrations inside and outside the enclosure were measured with and without provider traffic simulated with a mannequin. Measurements were obtained on modules constructed with and without an anteroom, which was not separately ventilated. Results: Containment estimates were excellent for all isolation configurations evaluated, generally exceeding 99.7%. Particle escape was statistically significantly higher with simulated traffic than without; however, there was no statistically significant difference in particle escape with and without an anteroom. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that effective isolation may be possible using low-technology. low-cost, easily built structures that can be readily constructed within hospital and other environments in emergency response situations. Copyright (C) 2009 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. C1 [Johnson, David L.; Lynch, Robert A.] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Mead, Kenneth R.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Johnson, DL (reprint author), POB 26901,CHB 139, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 USA. EM David-Johnson@ouhsc.edu FU Oklahoma State Department of Health FX This work was supported by the Oklahoma State Department of Health under its Hospital Bioterrorism Preparedness Program. Special thanks are due to University of Oklahoma College of Public Health graduate research assistants Deepak Shincle and Sridhar Agraharam for their assistance. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.05.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 418IX UT WOS:000264143000002 PM 18926600 ER PT J AU Levey, AS Schoolwerth, AC Burrows, NR Williams, DE Stith, KR McClellan, W AF Levey, Andrew S. Schoolwerth, Anton C. Burrows, Nilka Rios Williams, Desmond E. Stith, Karma Rabon McClellan, William TI Comprehensive Public Health Strategies for Preventing the Development, Progression, and Complications of CKD: Report of an Expert Panel Convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chronic kidney disease; prevention; public health ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CHRONIC RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM HCQIP; IMPROVING GLOBAL OUTCOMES; QUALITY-OF-CARE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; POSITION STATEMENT AB Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health threat in the United States, with increasing prevalence, high costs, and poor outcomes. More widespread effort at the prevention, early detection, evaluation, and management of CKD and antecedent conditions could prevent complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease to kidney failure, and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched an initiative on CKD. As part of this initiative, the CDC convened an expert panel to outline recommendations for a comprehensive public health strategy to prevent the development, progression, and complications of CKD in the United States. The panel adapted strategies for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention for chronic diseases to the conceptual model for the development, progression, and complications of CKD; reviewed epidemiological data from US federal agencies; and discussed ways of integrating public health efforts from various agencies and organizations. The panel recommended a 10-point plan to the CDC to improve surveillance, screening, education, and awareness directed at 3 target populations: people with CKD or at increased risk of developing CKD; providers, hospitals, and clinical laboratories; and the general public. Cooperation among federal, state, and local governmental and private organizations will be necessary to carry out these recommendations. C1 [Levey, Andrew S.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schoolwerth, Anton C.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. [Burrows, Nilka Rios; Williams, Desmond E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McClellan, William] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Levey, AS (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, 800 Washington St,Box 391, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alevey@tuftsmedicalcenter.org NR 99 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 522 EP 535 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.11.019 PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 414DJ UT WOS:000263843800022 PM 19231739 ER PT J AU Albright, A Burrows, NR Jordan, R Williams, DE AF Albright, Ann Burrows, Nilka Rios Jordan, Regina Williams, Desmond E. TI The Kidney Disease Initiative and the Division of Diabetes Translation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developing a Comprehensive Public Health Strategy for Prenventing the Development, Progression, and Complications of CKD CY MAR, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Prevent & Control DE Diabetes burden; kidney disease; public health; prevention; management and care; partnerships ID MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; TYPE-2 DIABETES/; LIFE-STYLE; PREVALENCE; NEPHROPATHY; MELLITUS; RISK; IRBESARTAN; CARE AB Kidney disease is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. In 2000, more than 26 million adults were estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), placing them at risk of progressing to kidney failure. The number of new cases of kidney failure treated by using dialysis or transplantation in the United States has more than doubled since 1990, and it is expected to continue to increase with the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of such risk factors as diabetes. In recognition of this problem, Congress passed legislation to build capacity and infrastructure at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a public health approach to CKD. This Kidney Disease Initiative at the CDC includes surveillance, epidemiology, state-based demonstration projects, and economic studies. The objectives, in collaboration with partners, are to assess and monitor the burden of CKD in the United States, determine its risk factors and rates of preventive practices, develop methods to identify and monitor populations at risk of developing CKD, document the costs of kidney disease, and develop models to help predict the progression of this disease and test the cost-effectiveness of various public health strategies for preventing CKD. C1 [Albright, Ann; Burrows, Nilka Rios; Jordan, Regina; Williams, Desmond E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nrios@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP S121 EP S125 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.06.037 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 414DN UT WOS:000263844200015 PM 19231756 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Callaghan, WM Bish, CL D'Angelo, D AF Chu, Susan Y. Callaghan, William M. Bish, Connie L. D'Angelo, Denise TI Gestational weight gain by body mass index among US women delivering live births, 2004-2005: fueling future obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational weight gain; obesity; pregnancy; prepregnancy body mass index ID LONG-TERM OBESITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MATERNAL OBESITY; PREGNANCY; RISK; MOTHERS; ASSOCIATION; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; INFANTS AB OBJECTIVE: Current pregnancy weight gain guidelines are based on prepregnancy body mass indices (BMI), but gestational weight gains by BMI class among US women are unknown. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed the amount of gestational weight gain among 52,988 underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese US women who delivered a singleton, full-term infant in 2004-2005. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy was defined as gaining 35 or more pounds for normal-weight and 25 or more pounds for overweight women. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of normal-weight and 60% of overweight women gained excessive weight during pregnancy. Obese women gained the least, although one-fourth of these women gained 35 or more pounds. Excessive weight gain levels were highest among women aged 19-years-old or younger and those having their first birth. CONCLUSION: Excessive gestational weight gains were common, especially among the youngest and those who were nulliparous. These results predict higher obesity levels from pregnancy weight gains among US women. C1 [Chu, Susan Y.; Callaghan, William M.; Bish, Connie L.; D'Angelo, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 200 IS 3 AR 271.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.879 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 422BT UT WOS:000264402700020 PM 19136091 ER PT J AU Brown, DS Finkelstein, EA Brown, DR Buchner, DM Johnson, FR AF Brown, Derek S. Finkelstein, Eric A. Brown, David R. Buchner, David M. Johnson, F. Reed TI Estimating Older Adults' Preferences for Walking Programs via Conjoint Analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; DERIVING WELFARE MEASURES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HEALTH-CARE; RECOMMENDATIONS; INTERVENTIONS; MAINTENANCE; INCENTIVES; PREDICTORS AB Background: Physical inactivity is a major driver of costly health problems, especially in older adults. Structured walking programs are one approach for increasing physical activity, although there is little information about how the characteristics of these programs influence their effectiveness. It was hypothesized that cash incentives would increase acceptability and effectiveness while a group participation requirement would place a net burden on participants. Methods: To measure preferences for specific characteristics of walking programs (i.e., minutes per day, days per week, organized or individual/informal group, cash incentive) and the likelihood of participation, a conjoint-analysis survey of 501 inactive adults aged >= 50 years was conducted in October 2006. Data were analyzed in 2007-2008. Results: The most-preferred program was three 20-minute walks per week. Respondents had a strong preference for programs conducted outside of a formal group setting. Offering an incentive of $9 in cash per week ($468 per year) increased predicted participation by 31%. Conclusions: The results suggest that the characteristics of walking programs, such as whether they involve participation in a formal group, substantially influence their perceived acceptability and the likelihood of participation. The results also suggest that, independent of other program attributes, modest financial incentives increase the likelihood of program participation by sedentary older adults, and thus are a potential means to increase the effectiveness of walking programs. C1 [Brown, Derek S.; Finkelstein, Eric A.; Johnson, F. Reed] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Brown, David R.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buchner, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Community Hlth, Champaign, IL USA. RP Brown, DS (reprint author), RTI Int, Publ Hlth Econ Program, HSER, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dsbrown@rti.org RI Brown, Derek/J-3035-2013 OI Brown, Derek/0000-0001-9908-9882 FU CDC [200-2002-00776T010, 5004]; RTI [11588]; Office of Management and Budget [0920-0720] FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the CDC under contract #200-2002-00776T010. Dr. Buchner was with the CDC Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity while this study was conducted and written. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent those of CDC or RTI International (RTI). Data collection was approved by the IRBs of RTI and the CDC as RTI #11588 and CDC #5004 and by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB #0920-0720. Carol Mansfield developed much of the draft survey instrument. Whitney Garner and Semra Ozdemir provided excellent research assistance with the analyses. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.014 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 409XE UT WOS:000263538300003 PM 19215845 ER PT J AU Stahre, MA Brewer, RD Fonseca, VP Naimi, TS AF Stahre, Mandy A. Brewer, Robert D. Fonseca, Vincent P. Naimi, Timothy S. TI Binge Drinking Among US Active-Duty Military Personnel SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-USE; SUBSTANCE USE; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ARMY PERSONNEL; TOBACCO USE; FOLLOW-UP; AIR-FORCE; RISK AB Background: Binge drinking (drinking on a single occasion >= 5 drinks for men or >= 4 drinks for women) is a common risk behavior among U.S. adults that is associated with many adverse health and social consequences. However, little is known about binge drinking among active-duty military personnel (ADMP). The objectives of this study were to quantify episodes of binge drinking, to characterize ADMP who binge-drink, and to examine the relationship between binge drinking and related harms. Methods: The prevalence of binge drinking and related harms was assessed from responses to the 2005 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel (n=16,037), an anonymous, self-administered survey. The data were analyzed in 2007 after the release of the public-use data. Results: In 2005, a total of 43.2% of ADMP reported past-month binge drinking, resulting in 29.7 episodes per person per year. In all, 67.1 % of binge episodes were reported by personnel aged 17-25 years (46.7% of ADMP), and 25.1% of these episodes were reported by underage youth (aged 17-20 years). Heavy drinkers (19.8% of ADMP) were responsible for 71.5% of the binge-drinking episodes and had the highest number of annual per-capita episodes of binge drinking (112.6 episodes). Compared to nonbinge drinkers, binge drinkers were more likely to report alcohol-related harms, including job performance problems (AOR=6.5; 95% CI=4.65, 9.15); alcohol-impaired driving (AOR=4.9; 95% CI=3.68, 6.49); and criminal justice problems (AOR=6.2; 95% CI=4.00, 9.72). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common among ADMP and is strongly associated with adverse health and social consequences. Effective interventions (e.g., the enforcement and retainment of the minimum legal drinking age) to prevent binge drinking should be implemented across the military and in conjunction with military communities to discourage binge drinking. C1 [Stahre, Mandy A.; Brewer, Robert D.; Naimi, Timothy S.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Alcohol Team,Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fonseca, Vincent P.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Stahre, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, MPH,CDC,Alcohol Team, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM mstahre@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.017 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 409XE UT WOS:000263538300004 PM 19215846 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Nelson, HA AF Nelson, David E. Naimi, Timothy S. Brewer, Robert D. Nelson, Hayley A. TI State Alcohol-Use Estimates Among Youth and Adults, 1993-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; CONTROL POLICIES; DRINKING DRIVERS; BINGE DRINKING; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-SCHOOL; PRICES; LAWS AB Background: Underage drinking, particularly binge drinking, is an important public health problem that results in substantial premature mortality and morbidity. Little is known about the potential influence of the alcohol-use behaviors of adults on youth alcohol use at a population level. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of alcohol-use behaviors among youth with those of adults at a population level. Methods: Data were analyzed in 2007 and 2008, using biennial 1993-2005 data from state school-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of students in grades 9-12, and from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for adults aged >= 18 years. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to compare state prevalence estimates for youth with those of adults for several alcohol-use measures. Results: Overall and subgroup-specific state youth estimates of current drinking and binge drinking were generally moderately to strongly correlated with adult alcohol use (range of r-values for pooled estimates across all years: 0.35-0.68 for current drinking [p<0.01 for all correlations]; 0.24-0.60 for binge drinking [p<0.01 for all correlations]) and with youth and adult drinking-and-driving behaviors (range of r-values for pooled estimates: 0.12-0.52, p<0.01 for all but one correlation). Correlation coefficients were generally higher for girls with women and for youth with younger adults aged 18-34 years. The use of alcohol by youth before they were aged 13 years was not correlated with adult alcohol-use measures, and most youth alcohol-use measures were not correlated with adult heavy-alcohol use. Conclusions: Most state youth alcohol-use estimates were correlated with state adult estimates. These findings have implications for underage-drinking control strategies and suggest that efforts to address this problem need to be targeted on a broader societal level. C1 [Nelson, David E.; Naimi, Timothy S.; Brewer, Robert D.] CDC, Alcohol Team, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nelson, Hayley A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), CDC, Alcohol Team, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 409XE UT WOS:000263538300005 PM 19215847 ER PT J AU Goddard, KAB Duquette, D Zlot, A Johnson, J Annis-Emeott, A Lee, PW Bland, MP Edwards, KL Oehlke, K Giles, RT Rafferty, A Cook, ML Khoury, MJ AF Goddard, Katrina A. B. Duquette, Debra Zlot, Amy Johnson, Jenny Annis-Emeott, Ann Lee, Patrick W. Bland, Mary Pat Edwards, Karen L. Oehlke, Kristin Giles, Rebecca T. Rafferty, Ann Cook, Michelle L. Khoury, Muin J. TI Public Awareness and Use of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Results From 3 State Population-Based Surveys, 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; TRANSLATION; MEDICINE C1 [Goddard, Katrina A. B.; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goddard, Katrina A. B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Annis-Emeott, Ann; Rafferty, Ann; Cook, Michelle L.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Zlot, Amy; Bland, Mary Pat] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Oregon Genet Program, Portland, OR USA. [Johnson, Jenny; Lee, Patrick W.; Giles, Rebecca T.] Utah Dept Publ Hlth, Chron Dis Genom Program, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Edwards, Karen L.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Oehlke, Kristin] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Div, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Goddard, KAB (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM katrina.ab.goddard@kpchr.org OI Cook, Michelle/0000-0001-7743-1368 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 442 EP 445 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131631 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413QU UT WOS:000263808400015 PM 19106425 ER PT J AU Mandell, DS Wiggins, LD Carpenter, LA Daniels, J DiGuiseppi, C Durkin, MS Giarelli, E Morner, MJ Nicholas, JS Pinto-Martin, JA Shattuck, PT Thomas, KC Yeargin-Allsopp, M Kirby, RS AF Mandell, David S. Wiggins, Lisa D. Carpenter, Laura Arnstein Daniels, Julie DiGuiseppi, Carolyn Durkin, Maureen S. Giarelli, Ellen Morner, Michael J. Nicholas, Joyce S. Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A. Shattuck, Paul T. Thomas, Kathleen C. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Kirby, Russell S. TI Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HEALTH-CARE; PARENTS CONCERNS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; SURVEILLANCE; RACE; HYPERACTIVITY AB Objectives. We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in the recognition of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods. Within a multisite network, 2568 children aged 8 years were identified as meeting surveillance criteria for ASD through abstraction of evaluation records from multiple sources. Through logistic regression with random effects for site, we estimated the association between race/ethnicity and documented ASD, adjusting for gender, IQ, birthweight, and maternal education. Results. Fifty-eight percent of children had a documented autism spectrum disorder. In adjusted analyses, children who were Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64, 0.96), Hispanic (OR=0.76; CI = 0.56, 0.99), or of other race/ethnicity (OR= 0.65; CI = 0.43, 0.97) were less likely than were White children to have a documented ASD. This disparity persisted for Black children, regardless of IQ, and was concentrated for children of other ethnicities when IQ was lower than 70. Conclusions. Significant racial/ethnic dispatrities exist in the recognition of ASD. For some children in some racial/ethnic groups, the presence of intellectual disability may affect professionals' further assessment of developmental delay. Our findings suggest the need for continued professional education related to the heterogeneity of the presentation of ASD. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99: 493-498. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.131243) C1 [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carpenter, Laura Arnstein] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Genet & Dev Pediat, Charleston, SC USA. [Daniels, Julie; Thomas, Kathleen C.] Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [DiGuiseppi, Carolyn] Univ Colorado, Dept Epidemiol, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Giarelli, Ellen; Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A.] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Morner, Michael J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nicholas, Joyce S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinfformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC USA. [Nicholas, Joyce S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC USA. [Shattuck, Paul T.] Washington Univ, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Dept Psychiat, 335535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mandelld@mail.med.upnn.edu RI Mandell, David/H-2730-2012; Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015; OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X; Carpenter, Laura/0000-0002-6448-9242 FU NIMH NIH HHS [K01 MH067628, K01 MH067628-01A2, K01 MH067628-02, K01 MH067628-03, K01 MH067628-04, K01 MH067628-05] NR 49 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131243 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413QU UT WOS:000263808400022 PM 19106426 ER PT J AU Cramer, SF Romansky, S Hulbert, B Rauh, S Papp, JR Casiano-Colon, AE AF Cramer, Stewart F. Romansky, Susan Hulbert, Barbara Rauh, Steven Papp, John R. Casiano-Colon, Aida E. TI The Rectal Tonsil - A Reaction to Chlamydial Infection? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM C1 [Cramer, Stewart F.; Romansky, Susan; Hulbert, Barbara] Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. [Rauh, Steven] Rochester Colon Rectal Surg PC, Rochester, NY USA. [Papp, John R.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Casiano-Colon, Aida E.] Integrated Reg Labs, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Cramer, SF (reprint author), Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 483 EP 485 PG 3 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 413AR UT WOS:000263765800020 PM 19065099 ER PT J AU Devasia, RA Jones, TF Collier, B Schaffner, W AF Devasia, Rose A. Jones, Timothy F. Collier, Beth Schaffner, William TI Compliance With Azithromycin Versus Erythromycin in the Setting of a Pertussis Outbreak SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE Pertussis; Azithromycin; Erythromycin ID HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; RISK AB Background: Erythromycin has traditionally been the choice for prophylaxis and treatment of pertussis, but recently azithromycin has been recommended as another first-line agent. We evaluated treatment adherence between exposed persons giving erythromycin or azithromycin during a community-wide pertussis outbreak. Methods: This was a case-control study. All cases and their contacts were prescribed either 56 doses of erythromycin over 14 days or 5 doses of azithromycin over 5 days. A standardized questionnaire regarding demographics, side effects, and compliance with therapy was administered by mail or telephone interviews. Results: Of 244 persons prescribed erythromycin, 139 (57%) completed the full Course compared with 234 (93%) of 251 persons prescribed azithromycin (rate ratio [RR] 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-7.0). The primary reason for not completing erythromycin was side effects in 79 (76%) persons, of whom 72 (91%) reported gastrointestinal upset, compared with azithromycin side effects in 6 (35%) of whom 5 (83%) reported gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions: Azithromycin was associated with significantly higher completion rates than erythromycin. Due to side effects, the use of azithromycin may be preferable to erythromycin in outbreaks of pertussis. C1 [Devasia, Rose A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Devasia, Rose A.; Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Devasia, Rose A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Collier, Beth] Mid Cumberland Reg Hlth Dept, Nashville, TN USA. RP Devasia, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Infect Dis, 1161 21st Ave SA 2200 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM rose.devasia@vanderbilt.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 337 IS 3 BP 176 EP 178 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 421PF UT WOS:000264370100007 PM 19301451 ER PT J AU Salim, L Ang, A Handali, S Tsang, VCW AF Salim, Lidwina Ang, Agnes Handali, Sukwan Tsang, Victor C. W. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Papua TI Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cysticercosis-Taeniasis in Four Central Highland Districts of Papua, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IRIAN-JAYA; NEW-GUINEA; RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; SOLIUM INFECTION; TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS; BURNS; ASSAY; JAYAWIJAYA; ANTIBODY AB Cysticercosis and taeniasis are known to be present in Papua, Indonesia. Several small studies have found a high prevalence of cysticercosis (23.5-56.9%) in the central highlands of Papua. A seroepidemiologic survey was carried out in four districts (Jayawijaya, Paniai, Pegunungan Bintang, and Puncak Jaya) of Papua. Anti-cysticercosis and anti-taeniasis antibodies were measured in 2,931. people using recombinant 724 and recombinant ES33 as a measure of cysticercosis and taeniasis exposures, respectively. Prevalence of cysticercosis-taeniasis is high in the Jayawijaya and Paniai districts (20.8% and 29.2% for cysticercosis and 7% and 9.6% for taeniasis, respectively) and lowest in the other two districts (Pegunungan Bintang and Puncak Jaya) (2% and 2% for cysticercosis and 1.7% and 10.7% for taeniasis, respectively). Our data show that the prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis are unchanged from that reported nearly 35 years ago at the beginning of cysticercosis-taeniasis epidemics in Papua, Indonesia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev Papua, Funct Res Unit, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Papua Prov Hlth Off, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Handali, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahi0@cdc.gov FU Papua Provincial Health Budget 2007 FX This study was supported by the Papua Provincial Health Budget 2007. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800012 PM 19270286 ER PT J AU Verani, JR Seitz, A Gilman, RH LaFuente, C Galdos-Cardenas, G Kawai, V de LaFuente, E Ferrufino, L Bowman, NM Pinedo-Cancino, V Levy, MZ Steurer, F Todd, CW Kirchhoff, LV Cabrera, L Verastegui, M Bern, C AF Verani, Jennifer R. Seitz, Amy Gilman, Robert H. LaFuente, Carlos Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson Kawai, Vivian de LaFuente, Elizabeth Ferrufino, Lisbeth Bowman, Natalie M. Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana Levy, Michael Z. Steurer, Francis Todd, Charles W. Kirchhoff, Louis V. Cabrera, Lilia Verastegui, Manuela Bern, Caryn TI Geographic Variation in the Sensitivity of Recombinant Antigen-based Rapid Tests for Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; CROSS-REACTIVITY; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SERODIAGNOSIS; BENZNIDAZOLE; LEISHMANIA; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Chagas disease affects 8-11 million people throughout the Americas. Early detection is crucial for timely treatment and to prevent non-vectorial transmission. Recombinant antigen-based rapid tests had high sensitivity and specificity in laboratory evaluations,but no Peruvian specimens were included in previous studies. We evaluated Stat-Pak and Trypanosoma Detect rapid tests in specimens from Bolivia and Peru. Specimens positive by three conventional assays were confirmed positives; specimens negative by two or more assays were confirmed negatives. In Bolivian specimens, Stat-Pak and Trypanosoma Detect tests were 87.5% and 90.7% sensitive, respectively; both showed 100% specificity. Sensitivity in Peruvian specimens was much lower: 26.6-33.0% (Stat-Pak) and 54.3-55.2% (Trypanosoma Detect); both had specificities > 98%. Even in Bolivian specimens, these sensitivities are inadequate for stand-alone screening. The low sensitivity in Peru may be related to parasite strain differences. Chagas disease rapid tests should be field tested in each geographic site before widespread implementation for screening. C1 [Verani, Jennifer R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Hosp Univ Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Verani, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jverani@cdc.gov FU NIH [P50 AI074285-01, 1R21 AI072093-01, K01 AI079162-01] FX This work was supported by NIH P50 AI074285-01, NIH 1R21 AI072093-01,and NIH K01 AI079162-01. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800017 PM 19270291 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Thomas, A Huang, R Harbertson, J Mehta, S Leake, J Nutman, T Moser, K Wolf, J Ramanathan, R Burbelo, P Nou, J Wilkins, P Reed, SL AF Brodine, Stephanie K. Thomas, Anne Huang, Robert Harbertson, Judith Mehta, Sanjay Leake, John Nutman, Thomas Moser, Kathleen Wolf, Jamie Ramanathan, Roshan Burbelo, Peter Nou, John Wilkins, Patricia Reed, Sharon L. TI Community Based Parasitic Screening and Treatment of Sudanese Refugees: Application and Assessment of Centers for Disease Control Guidelines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS INFECTION; LOA-LOA INFECTION; PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT; INTESTINAL PARASITES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; AFRICAN REFUGEES; UNITED-STATES; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; DIAGNOSIS; IMMIGRANTS AB Centers for Disease Control guidelines for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis in Sudanese and Somali refugecs arc not widely implemented. Given limited prevalence data, we conducted a seroprevalence study of schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and loiasis in Sudanese refugees across diverse ages. Sudanese refugees, ages 4-78, were recruited via community organizations. Half of the patients (86/172), were seropositive for schistosomiasis (46/171;26.9%), strongyloidiasis (56/172;33%), or both (16/171;9.4%). No Loa loa infections were detected. Infection rates were similar in adults and children except that no schistosomiasis was detected in children < 4 years of age at the time of immigration to the United States. The high prevalence of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis in a community-based sample of Sudanese confirms the urgency for compliance with CDC refugee health guidelines. We detected no co-infection with Loa loa using the most sensitive serologic techniques, allowing use of ivermectin, the most effective treatment of strongyloidiasis. C1 [Reed, Sharon L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NIH, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Lab Sensory Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control & Refugee Hlth Serv Branch, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reed, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego Sch Med, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM slreed@ucsd.edu RI Burbelo, Peter/B-1027-2009 FU John and Rebecca Moores Foundation; Division of Intramural Research, NIAID FX Funding for the study was provided by the John and Rebecca Moores Foundation for New Americans and in part by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800019 PM 19270293 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, AM Skarbinski, J Ouma, PO Kariuki, S Barnwell, JW Otieno, K Onyona, P Causer, LM Laserson, KF Akhwale, WS Slutsker, L Hamel, M AF de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Skarbinski, Jacek Ouma, Peter O. Kariuki, Simon Barnwell, John W. Otieno, Kephas Onyona, Phillip Causer, Louise M. Laserson, Kayla F. Akhwale, Willis S. Slutsker, Laurence Hamel, Mary TI Performance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests as Part of Routine Malaria Case Management in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MICROSCOPY; TANZANIA; PARACHECK-PF(R); UGANDA; ZAMBIA AB Data on malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) performance under routine program conditions are limited. We assessed the attributes of RDTs performed by study and health facility (HF) staffs as part of routine malaria case management of patients >= 5 years of age in Kenya. Expert microscopy was used as our gold standard. A total of 1,827 patients were enrolled; 191 (11.6%) were parasitemic by expert microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDTs performed by study staff were 86.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.8-93.5%) and 95.4% (95% CI: 93.9-96.9%), respectively. Among tests performed by HF staff, RDTs were 91.7% (95% CI: 80.8-100.0%) sensitive and 96.7% (95% CI: 92.8-100.0%) specific, whereas microscopy was 52.5% (95% CI: 33.2-71.9%) sensitive and 77.0% (95% CI: 67.9-86.2%) specific. Our findings suggest that RDTs perform better than microscopy under routine conditions. Further efforts are needed to maintain this high RDT performance over time. C1 [de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Div Malaria Control, Nairobi, Kenya. RP de Oliveira, AM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq7@cdc.gov RI maria, ana /G-8106-2014 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800026 PM 19270300 ER PT J AU Mouk, EMO Mwinzi, PNM Black, CL Carter, JM Ng'ang'a, ZW Gicheru, MM Secor, WE Karanja, DMS Colley, DG AF Mouk, Erick M. O. Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Black, Carla L. Carter, Jennifer M. Ng'ang'a, Zipporah W. Gicheru, Michael M. Secor, W. Evan Karanja, Diana M. S. Colley, Daniel G. TI Short Report: Childhood Coinfections with Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni Result in Lower Percentages of Activated T Cells and T Regulatory Memory Cells than Schistosomiasis Only SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD CD4(+); MALARIA COINFECTION; CHILDREN; MARKERS; VISUALIZATION; COMPENSATION; EXACERBATION; HAEMATOBIUM; EXPRESSION AB Flow cytometric analyses were performed to evaluate HLA-DR(+) activated T lymphocytes (Tact; CD3(+)/ CD4(+)/CD25medium) and T regulatory cells (Treg; CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(high)) in the circulation of children 8-10 years of age living in an area endemic for both Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni in western Kenya. Those children with only S mansoni had a higher mean percentage of HLA-DR+Tact than those who were co-infected with these two intravascular parasites. The proportion of circulating Treg was comparable in children with only schistosomiasis and both schistosomiasis and malaria. However, the mean level of memory Treg (Treg expressing CD45RO(+)) in those with dual infections was lower than in children with schistosomiasis alone. These imbalances in Tact and Treg memory subsets in children infected with both schistosomiasis and malaria may be related to the differential morbidity or course of infection attributed to coinfections with these parasites. C1 [Mouk, Erick M. O.; Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Karanja, Diana M. S.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Black, Carla L.; Carter, Jennifer M.; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gicheru, Michael M.] Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mouk, EMO (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM emouk@kisian.mimcom.net; pmwinzi@kisian.mimcom.net; blackc@uga.edu; ginaphur@uga.edu; Zipnganga@gmail.com; mgicheru@africaonline.co.ke; was4@cdc.gov; dkaranja@kisian.mimcom.net; dcolley@uga.edu FU NIAID [At 053695, T32 At 060546]; National Institutes of Health, [D43 TWO07123]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Kenya Medical Research Institute FX This work was supported by PHS grants, At 053695 (DGC) and T32 At 060546 (CLB) from the NIAID and D43 TWO07123 (PNMM) from the FIC of the National Institutes of Health, the PHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Kenya Medical Research Institute. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800027 ER PT J AU Thwing, JI Mihigo, J Fernandes, AP Saute, F Ferreira, C Fortes, F de Oliveira, AM Newman, RD AF Thwing, Julie I. Mihigo, Jules Fernandes, Alexandra Pataca Saute, Francisco Ferreira, Carolina Fortes, Filomeno de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Newman, Robert D. TI How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID APPRAISAL RUMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ANTANANARIVO; MADAGASCAR; TANZANIA; CHILDREN AB We conducted a health facility-based survey of patients With fever during malaria transmission season to determine the proportion with laboratory-confirmed malaria in Luanda, Angola. We enrolled 864 patients at 30 facilities; each underwent a blood film for malaria and a questionnaire. Only 3.6% had a positive blood film. When stratified by distance of the facility to city center (< 15 km and >= 15 km), the Proportions were 1.5% (9/615) and 8.8% (22/249), respectively (P < 0.0001), Of patients traveling outside Luanda in the preceding 3 months, 6.8% (6/88) had malaria, compared with 3.2% (26/776) not traveling (P = 0.13). Children < 5 years of age Were less likely to have malaria (2.4%; 12/510) than children ages 5 14 (8.7%; 9/104) and adults (4.0%; 10/250) (P = 0.03). The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria in febrile patients in Luanda is very low, but increases with distance from the urban center. Prevention and treatment should be focused in surrounding rural areas. C1 [Thwing, Julie I.; de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo; Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Direccao Prov Saude, Luanda, Angola. [Mihigo, Jules; Saute, Francisco] US Agcy Int Dev, PMI Angola, Luanda, Angola. Inst Nacl Saude Publ, Luanda, Angola. [Fortes, Filomeno] Programa Nacl Controle Malaria, Luanda, Angola. RP Thwing, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway MSF-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jthwing@cdc.gov; jmihigo@cdc.gov; fsaute@usaid.gov; acq7@cdc.gov; rnewman@cdc.gov RI maria, ana /G-8106-2014 FU Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau fair Global Health; U.S. Agency for International Development FX Funding was provided by the President's Malaria initiative through support provided by the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau fair Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention. The opine ions expressed herein are those of the NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800029 PM 19270303 ER PT J AU Wang, DX Fang, SA Wohlhueter, RM AF Wang, Dongxia Fang, Sunan Wohlhueter, Robert M. TI N-Terminal Derivatization of Peptides with Isothiocyanate Analogues Promoting Edman-Type Cleavage and Enhancing Sensitivity in Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; UBIQUITINATION SITES; TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; DERIVATIVES; SULFONATION AB N-terminal derivatization of peptides with Edman's reagent, phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC), promotes gas-phase Edman cleavage that yields abundant complementary b(1) and y(n) (1) ion pairs by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The formation of b(1) ions can be utilized as a mass tag to enhance the interpretation of MS/MS spectra and increase the confidence of peptide identification during mass spectrometry analysis. Derivatization of tryptic peptides with another isothiocyanate analogue, 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate, also produces signature ions resulting from Edman cleavage and facilitates peptide sequencing on linear or branched peptides. The limitation of these derivatizations, however, is reduced MS signal intensities of modified peptides, due presumably to the tags themselves. Here we have demonstrated that several other isothiocyanate analogues bearing basic moieties can derivatize peptides and significantly improve the MS sensitivity of tagged analytes, while promoting Edman fragmentation and maintaining other sequence fragments as well. C1 [Wang, Dongxia; Fang, Sunan; Wohlhueter, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wang, DX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dov2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1893 EP 1900 DI 10.1021/ac8021136 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 413AK UT WOS:000263765100028 PM 19199379 ER PT J AU Otero-Santos, SM Delinsky, AD Valentin-Blasini, L Schiffer, J Blount, BC AF Otero-Santos, Samaret M. Delinsky, Amy D. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Schiffer, Jarad Blount, Benjamin C. TI Analysis of Perchlorate in Dried Blood Spots Using Ion Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; MATRICES; NITRATE; SODIUM; VOLUME; PLANTS; URINE; ANION AB Because of health concerns surrounding in utero and neonatal exposure to perchlorate, we developed a method for analyzing perchlorate in the dried blood spots (DBS) of newborns. Ion chromatography was interfaced with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to measure blood perchlorate levels in DBS samples as low as 0.10 ng/mL. Measurement of perchlorate in DBS indicated good precision (relative standard deviations ranging from 5.8% to 16.2%) and accuracy (% difference values ranging from -11.3% to -12.1%). Perchlorate was detectable in 100% of the DBS collected from 100 newborns. These samples had a median blank-adjusted concentration of 1.88 ng/mL Such data support the utility of this method to quantify perchlorate levels in DBS samples. Applying this method to analyze neonatal DBS will improve perchlorate exposure assessments of this susceptible population. C1 [Otero-Santos, Samaret M.; Delinsky, Amy D.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Schiffer, Jarad; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BBlount@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1936 DI 10.1021/ac802419n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 413AK UT WOS:000263765100033 PM 19199567 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Brunkard, J Moore, Z Budge, P Arnold, KE Fosheim, G Finelli, L Beekmann, SE Polgreen, PM Gorwitz, R Hageman, J AF Kallen, Alexander J. Brunkard, Joan Moore, Zachary Budge, Philip Arnold, Kathryn E. Fosheim, Gregory Finelli, Lyn Beekmann, Susan E. Polgreen, Philip M. Gorwitz, Rachel Hageman, Jeffrey TI Staphylococcus aureus Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the 2006 to 2007 Influenza Season SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMIC AB Study objective: Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of community-acquired pneumonia that can follow influenza infection. In response to a number of cases reported to public health authorities in early 2007, additional case reports were solicited nationwide to better define S aureus community-acquired pneumonia during the 2006 to 2007 influenza season. Methods: Cases were defined as primary community-acquired pneumonia caused by S aureus occurring between November 1, 2006, and April 30, 2007. Case finding was conducted through an Emerging Infections Network survey and through contacts with state and local health departments. Results: Overall, 51 cases were reported from 19 states; 37 (79%) of 47 with known susceptibilities involved infection with methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). The median age of case patients was 16 years, and 44% had no known pertinent medical history. Twenty-two (47%) of 47 case patients with information about other illnesses were diagnosed with a concurrent or antecedent viral infection during their illness, and 11 of 33 (33%) who were tested had laboratory-confirmed influenza. Of the 37 patients with MRSA infection, 16 (43%) were empirically treated with antimicrobial agents recommended for MRSA community-acquired pneumonia. Twenty-four (51%) of 47 patients for whom final disposition was known died a median of 4 days after symptom onset. Conclusion: S aureus continues to cause community-acquired pneumonia, with most reported cases caused by MRSA and many occurring with or after influenza. In this series, patients were often otherwise healthy young people and mortality rates were high. Further prospective investigation is warranted to clarify infection incidence, risk factors, and preventive measures. [Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53:358-365.] C1 [Kallen, Alexander J.; Budge, Philip; Fosheim, Gregory; Gorwitz, Rachel; Hageman, Jeffrey] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kallen, Alexander J.; Brunkard, Joan; Moore, Zachary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Budge, Philip] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Elect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arnold, Kathryn E.] Georgia Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beekmann, Susan E.; Polgreen, Philip M.] Amer Emerging Infect Network, Infect Dis Soc, Iowa City, IA USA. [Polgreen, Philip M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Carver Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKallen@cdc.gov OI Brunkard, Joan/0000-0001-5270-2627 NR 23 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.04.027 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 422VK UT WOS:000264455600012 PM 18534715 ER PT J AU Andrews, CM Borg, KT Heilpern, K Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Andrews, Charlie M. Borg, Keith T. Heilpern, Kate Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on Emerging Infections: News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; MEASLES ELIMINATION; ASSOCIATION; OUTBREAK C1 [Andrews, Charlie M.; Borg, Keith T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Heilpern, Kate] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andrews, CM (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.01.005 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 422VK UT WOS:000264455600014 PM 19231665 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Ana, EJS Liao, YL Lipsitz, SR Mcgee, DL AF Natarajan, Sundar Ana, Elizabeth J. Santa Liao, Youlian Lipsitz, Stuart R. McGee, Daniel L. TI Effect of Treatment and Adherence on Ethnic Differences in Blood Pressure Control Among Adults with Hypertension SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypertension; Population Survey; Adherence ID ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION USE; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; SALT SENSITIVITY; BLACK PATIENTS AB PURPOSE AND METHODS: We evaluated whether hypertension control differs by ethnicity after accounting for patient characteristics, treatment, and adherence to treatment using the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US population estimate, 42,511,379). Outcome measures were prescribed treatment, treatment adherence, hypertension control (blood pressure [BP] < 140/90 mm Hg). Multivariate logistic regression was per-formed with non-Hispanic whites (NHW) as the comparison group. RESULTS: Non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) were more likely to report medication prescription (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.5) and being advised to restrict salt (OR 1.5, CI: 1.2-2.0). Among those advised, NHB were more likely to report salt restriction (OR 1.5, CI: 1.1-2.1) and weight-loss attempts (OR 1.7, CI: 1.3-2.3). Among persons advised to follow exercise, alcohol restriction, smoking cessation, tension reduction, or diet modification, NHB (OR 2.2, CI: 1.6-3.0) and Mexican Americans (OR 2.0, CI: 1.1-3.9) were more likely to report adherence. The likelihood of uncontrolled hypertension was higher in NHB (OR 1.4, CI: 1.1-1.7) and Mexican Americans (OR 1.5, CI 1.1-2.0) despite medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Even after adjustment for treatment and adherence, substantial ethnic differences in hypertension control were found. Initiating treatment, while crucial, is not sufficient and future guidelines should emphasize aggressive treatment escalation to achieve hypertension control. C1 [Natarajan, Sundar] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Natarajan, Sundar] VA New York Harbor Healthcare Syst, New York, NY USA. [Ana, Elizabeth J. Santa] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Ana, Elizabeth J. Santa] W Haven Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. [Liao, Youlian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lipsitz, Stuart R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA USA. [McGee, Daniel L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), 423 E 23rd St,Room 11101-S, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM sundar.natarajan@med.nyu.edu FU Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research [RCD 000211, IIR 04-170]; Public Health Service [AHRQ 10871, HL 68900, HL52329, HL61769]; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health FX Grant support was provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Awards RCD 000211 and IIR 04-170, and Public Health Service grants AHRQ 10871 (Agency for Health Research and Quality), HL 68900, HL52329 and HL61769 (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health). The funding agency had no role in the analysis and interpretation of the data, and in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Public-use Third National Health And Nutritional Examination Survey data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of this agency, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, or the Agency for Health Research and Quality. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.12.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413AT UT WOS:000263766000004 PM 19216999 ER PT J AU Pratt, LA AF Pratt, Laura A. TI Serious Psychological Distress, as Measured by the K6, and Mortality SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Health Surveys; Mental Health; Mortality; Psychological Distress; Prospective ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC CATCHMENT-AREA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SOCIAL-CONSEQUENCES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENERAL-POPULATION; EXCESS MORTALITY; MENTAL-ILLNESS; DEPRESSION; HEALTH; ADULTS AB PURPOSE: The K6 is a 6-item scale of nonspecific psychological distress included in many nationally representative health surveys. This study examines whether persons with serious psychological distress (SPD), as measured by the K6, have a greater risk of mortality than persons without SPD and whether K6 scores have a dose-response relationship with mortality. METHODS: The data used are the combined 1997-2000 National Health Interview Surveys linked with the National Death Index through 2002. We examined the relationship between K6 score and mortality using a cut-off of 13 for SPD and then a 5-level categorical variable. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for potential confounders, including sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and physical illness. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted mortality hazard ratio associated with SPD was 2.2 (1.9, 2.5). After adjusting for covariates, SPD remained related to increased mortality, hazard ratio, 1.30 (1.13, 1.49). Adjusted mortality hazard ratios for the categorical variable demonstrated a dose-response effect with hazard ratios of 1.00, 1.10, 1.22, 1.51, and 1.54. All 4 exposure categories were statistically significantly different from the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: SPD as measured by the K6 is associated with increased mortality, even after adjusting for potential confounders; scores were related to increased mortality in a dose-response fashion. C1 CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pratt, LA (reprint author), CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6333, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lpratt@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.12.005 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413AT UT WOS:000263766000008 PM 19217003 ER PT J AU Smith, SK Olson, VA Karem, KL Jordan, R Hruby, DE Damon, IK AF Smith, Scott K. Olson, Victoria A. Karem, Kevin L. Jordan, Robert Hruby, Dennis E. Damon, Inger K. TI In Vitro Efficacy of ST246 against Smallpox and Monkeypox SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIPOXVIRUS COMPOUND ST-246; VIRUS F13L PROTEIN; VACCINIA VIRUS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; MICE; INFECTIONS AB Since the eradication of smallpox and the cessation of routine childhood vaccination for smallpox, the proportion of the world's population susceptible to infection with orthopoxviruses, such as variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) and monkeypox virus, has grown substantially. In the United States, the only vaccines for smallpox licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been live virus vaccines. Unfortunately, a substantial number of people cannot receive live virus vaccines due to contraindications. Furthermore, no antiviral drugs have been fully approved by the FDA for the prevention or treatment of orthopoxvirus infection. Here, we show the inhibitory effect of one new antiviral compound, ST-246, on the in vitro growth properties of six variola virus strains and seven monkeypox virus strains. We performed multiple assays to monitor the cytopathic effect and to evaluate the reduction of viral progeny production and release in the presence of the compound. ST-246 had 50% effective concentrations of <= 0.067 mu M against variola virus and <0.04 mu M against monkeypox virus. In a dose-dependent manner, plaque size and comet tail formation were markedly reduced in the presence of the drug at low, noncytotoxic concentrations between 0.015 and 0.05 mu M. Our in vitro phenotype data suggest that ST-246 inhibits variola and monkeypox viruses similarly by reducing the production and release of enveloped orthopoxvirus and support the development of ST-246 as an antiviral therapeutic compound for the treatment of severe systemic orthopoxvirus infections. C1 [Smith, Scott K.; Olson, Victoria A.; Karem, Kevin L.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Viral, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jordan, Robert; Hruby, Dennis E.] SIGA Technol Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Viral, Mail Stop G-06,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iad7@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1128/AAC.01044-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 410BY UT WOS:000263552100020 PM 19075062 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Tung, N Bright, RA Balish, A Shu, B Lindstrom, S Klimov, AI Gubareva, LV AF Deyde, Varough M. Tung Nguyen Bright, Rick A. Balish, Amanda Shu, Bo Lindstrom, Stephen Klimov, Alexander I. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Detection of Molecular Markers of Antiviral Resistance in Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Using a Pyrosequencing Method SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; AMANTADINE-RESISTANCE; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; OSELTAMIVIR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; H3N2; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; SENSITIVITY AB Resistance of influenza viruses to antiviral drugs can emerge following medication or may result from natural variation. Two classes of anti-influenza virus drugs targeting either the M2 protein (amantadine and rimantadine) or neuraminidase (NA; oseltamivir and zanamivir) are currently licensed. These drugs are expected to be important in controlling the early stages of a potential pandemic. In the present study, we describe how a pyrosequencing method can be used to rapidly detect established molecular markers of resistance to M2 blockers and NA inhibitors in influenza A (H5N1) viruses. The residues L26, V27, A30, S31, and G34 in the M2 protein were targeted for pyrosequencing. The NA residues for pyrosequencing analysis included the established markers of drug resistance (H274 and N294), as well as residues of less certain relevance (V116, I117, Q136, K150, and I222). A single pair of pyro-reverse transcription (RT)-PCR primers was designed to allow amplification of an approximately 600-nucleotide-long amplicon of the NA genes of H5N1 viruses from various clades/subclades associated with infections in humans. The sensitivity of the assay was demonstrated by the successful pyrosequencing of RNA extracted from samples of serially diluted (10(-5) to 10(-7)) virus stocks with initial concentrations ranging from 10(5) to 10(8) PFU/ml. The markers of resistance were detected in samples with threshold cycle values ranging from 32 to 37, as determined by real-time RT-PCR. The pyrosequencing approach may provide a valuable tool for rapid detection of markers of drug resistance in H5N1 viruses and facilitate the elucidation of the role of such changes in natural and acquired drug resistance. C1 [Deyde, Varough M.; Bright, Rick A.; Balish, Amanda; Shu, Bo; Lindstrom, Stephen; Klimov, Alexander I.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tung Nguyen] Natl Ctr Vet Diagnost, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lqg3@cdc.gov FU Influenza Division, CDC FX We declare that we have no conflicts of interest. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1047 DI 10.1128/AAC.01446-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 410BY UT WOS:000263552100024 PM 19124660 ER PT J AU Starks, AM Gumusboga, A Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM Posey, JE AF Starks, Angela M. Gumusboga, Aysel Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Shinnick, Thomas M. Posey, James E. TI Mutations at embB Codon 306 Are an Important Molecular Indicator of Ethambutol Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; GENE; STRAINS; ASSAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; SMEGMATIS; TARGET; TIME AB Ethambutol resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is associated primarily with missense mutations in the embB gene. However, recent reports have described the presence of embB mutations, especially those at embB codon 306, in isolates susceptible to ethambutol. To clarify the role of embB mutations in ethambutol resistance, we sequenced the ethambutol resistance-determining region in spontaneous ethambutol-resistant mutants. In our study, 66% of spontaneous mutants contained a single point mutation in embB, with 55% of these occurring at embB 306. The MIC of ethambutol for spontaneous mutants was increased two-to eightfold relative to the pansusceptible M. tuberculosis strains from which the mutants were generated. To further characterize the role of embB 306 mutations, we directly introduced mutant alleles, embB(M306V) or embB(M306I), into pansusceptible M. tuberculosis strains and conversely reverted mutant alleles in spontaneous ethambutol-resistant mutants back to those of the wild type via allelic exchange using specialized linkage transduction. We determined that the MIC of ethambutol was reduced fourfold for three of the four spontaneous ethambutol-resistant embB 306 mutants when the mutant allele was replaced with the wild-type embB allele. The MIC for one of the spontaneous mutants genetically reverted to wild-type embB was reduced by only twofold. When the wild-type embB allele was converted to the mutant allele embB(M306V), the ethambutol MIC was increased fourfold, and when the allele was changed to M306I, the ethambutol MIC increased twofold. Our data indicate that embB 306 mutations are sufficient to confer ethambutol resistance, and detection of these mutations should be considered in the development of rapid molecular tests. C1 [Starks, Angela M.; Gumusboga, Aysel; Plikaytis, Bonnie B.; Shinnick, Thomas M.; Posey, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Posey, JE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 17,Room 4029,M-S F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jposey@cdc.gov FU U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U. S. Public Health Service, or the CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1128/AAC.01357-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 410BY UT WOS:000263552100027 PM 19104018 ER PT J AU Mirochnick, M Thomas, T Capparelli, E Zeh, C Holland, D Masaba, R Odhiambo, P Fowler, MG Weidle, PJ Thigpen, MC AF Mirochnick, Mark Thomas, Timothy Capparelli, Edmund Zeh, Clement Holland, Diane Masaba, Rose Odhiambo, Prisca Fowler, Mary Glenn Weidle, Paul J. Thigpen, Michael C. TI Antiretroviral Concentrations in Breast-Feeding Infants of Mothers Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DOSE NEVIRAPINE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; VIRAL LOAD; MILK; PHARMACOKINETICS; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; HIV-1; SAFETY AB There are limited data describing the concentrations of zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine in nursing infants as a result of transfer via breast milk. The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study is a phase IIb open-label trial of prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum maternal treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine from 34 weeks of gestation to 6 months postpartum. In a pharmacokinetic substudy, maternal plasma, breast milk, and infant dried blood spots were collected for drug assay on the day of delivery and at 2, 6, 14, and 24 weeks after delivery. Sixty-seven mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The median concentrations in breast milk of zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine during the study period were 14 ng/ml, 1,214 ng/ml, and 4,546 ng/ml, respectively. Zidovudine was not detectable in any infant plasma samples obtained after the day of delivery, while the median concentrations in infant plasma samples from postpartum weeks 2, 6, and 14 were 67 ng/ml, 32 ng/ml, and 24 ng/ml for lamivudine and 987 ng/ml, 1,032 ng/ml, and 734 ng/ml for nevirapine, respectively. Therefore, lamivudine and nevirapine, but not zidovudine, are transferred to infants via breast milk in biologically significant concentrations. The extent and effect of infant drug exposure via breast milk must be well understood in order to evaluate the benefits and risks of maternal antiretroviral use during lactation. C1 [Mirochnick, Mark] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Thomas, Timothy; Zeh, Clement; Masaba, Rose; Odhiambo, Prisca] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Capparelli, Edmund; Holland, Diane] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Fowler, Mary Glenn] Makerere Univ, Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Weidle, Paul J.; Thigpen, Michael C.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mirochnick, M (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, 850 Harrison Ave,Yawkey 2N-06, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM markm@bu.edu FU U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health [1R21HD051470-01, 5U10 HD031318-14] FX The protocol for use of human subjects was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Kenya Medical Research Institute, U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Boston University Medical Center, and University of California at San Diego. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1170 EP 1176 DI 10.1128/AAC.01117-08 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 410BY UT WOS:000263552100042 PM 19114673 ER PT J AU Zioga, A Whichard, JM Kotsakis, SD Tzouvelekis, LS Tzelepi, E Miriagou, V AF Zioga, A. Whichard, J. M. Kotsakis, S. D. Tzouvelekis, L. S. Tzelepi, E. Miriagou, V. TI CMY-31 and CMY-36 Cephalosporinases Encoded by ColE1-Like Plasmids SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CITROBACTER-FREUNDII; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; BLA(CMY-2); ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; BLA(CTX-M); RESISTANT AB Two CMY-2 derivatives, CMY-31 (Gln(215)-> Arg) from Salmonella enterica serotype Newport and CMY-36 (Ala(77)-> Cys and Gln(193)-> Glu) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized. Both cephalosporinases functionally resembled CMY-2. bla(CMY) alleles occurred as parts of a putative transposon comprising ISEcp1B and a Citrobacter freundii-derived sequence carried by ColE1-like plasmids similar to CMY-5-encoding pTKH11 from Klebsiella oxytoca. C1 [Zioga, A.; Kotsakis, S. D.; Tzelepi, E.; Miriagou, V.] Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Bacteriol Lab, Athens 11521, Greece. [Whichard, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tzouvelekis, L. S.] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. RP Miriagou, V (reprint author), Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Bacteriol Lab, Vas Sofias 127, Athens 11521, Greece. EM miriagou@pasteur.gr FU University of Athens [70/4/9103]; U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the Hellenic Pasteur Institute and Kapodistrias grant 70/4/9103 from the University of Athens. The National Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring System is funded through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1256 EP 1259 DI 10.1128/AAC.01284-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 410BY UT WOS:000263552100060 PM 19104021 ER PT J AU Dopson, SA AF Dopson, Stephanie A. TI EARLY WARNING INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB The Early Warning Infectious Disease Surveillance program (EWIDS) is part of the Cooperative Agreement on Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The purpose of EWIDS is to develop and implement a program to collaborate with states or provinces across international borders, to provide rapid and effective laboratory confirmation, and to expand surveillance capabilities. Prior to September 11, 2001, funds were not allocated to states for improving cross-border epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance activities that would increase cross-border preparedness. States were required through the Cooperative Agreement to self-report data twice a year in progress reports to the Division of State and Local Readiness Management Information System (MIS). An analysis of self-reported activities was conducted to determine the activities that states most frequently chose to implement based on existing public health infrastructure along the U. S. borders, since analysis of preparedness activities on the border has not previously been conducted. This article discusses how states chose to address expanding infrastructure capacity with the EWIDS supplemental funding, the challenges that have prevented U. S. border states from addressing all suggested activities, and the importance of sustained funding for the investment of continued capacity building and collaboration with international partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dopson, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sld9@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1089/bsp.2008.0021 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 434ZA UT WOS:000265311600005 PM 19379104 ER PT J AU Collier, SA Rasmussen, SA Feldkamp, ML Honein, MA AF Collier, Sarah A. Rasmussen, Sonia A. Feldkamp, Marcia L. Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Prevalence of Self-reported Infection during Pregnancy among Control Mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infection; fever; infection prevalence; pregnancy; preterm birth ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA; MULTIVITAMIN USE AB BACKGROUND: Although specific maternal infections during pregnancy have been associated with birth defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, the prevalence of infections during pregnancy has not been well described. METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of self-reported infection among 4967 women with live-born infants without major birth defects. We assessed the prevalence of reported infections and fever by type of infection, specific illness, and maternal characteristics including race and age. RESULTS: Overall, 63.6% of women reported at least one infection during pregnancy. Reports of infections were more common during pregnancy than in the 3 months before pregnancy. Nearly half (49.6%) of women reported a respiratory infection, 20.5% reported a fever, 17.1% reported a urinary tract infection, 4.2% reported a yeast infection, and 3.4% reported a sexually transmitted disease. A subanalysis of self-reported infection and preterm delivery was performed among primiparous mothers with singleton pregnancies, but no statistically significant differences in infection prevalence were found. Women younger than 35 years reported nonrespiratory infections more frequently than women aged 35 years or older (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.64). Prevalence of nonrespiratory infections was also higher among those who smoked than among those who did not (PR 1,33; 95% CI: 1.20-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Reported infections during pregnancy are common, implying that a small increase in risk for birth defects or other adverse pregnancy outcomes could have a significant public health effect and underscoring the importance Of understanding the effects of prenatal infections. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:193-201, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Collier, Sarah A.; Rasmussen, Sonia A.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Collier, Sarah A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Feldkamp, Marcia L.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Collier, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scollier@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Research Participation Program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC FX We thank Dr. William Callaghan for helpful conversations regarding this manuscript, Ms. Emily Petersen for her assistance in classifying infections, and the participating centers and families of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1002/bdra.20540 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 426FU UT WOS:000264694200003 PM 19086018 ER PT J AU Correa, A AF Correa, Adolfo TI Epidemiologic Studies on Birth Defects and Waste Disposal Sites and Air Pollution: An Update SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 426FU UT WOS:000264694200015 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Miller, A Correa, A AF Siffel, Csaba Miller, Assia Correa, Adolfo TI Is the Prevalence of Specific Birth Defects Higher Among Macrosomic Infants than Among Infants with Normal Birth Weight? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Siffel, Csaba; Miller, Assia; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Siffel, Csaba] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Siffel, Csaba] Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 238 EP 239 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 426FU UT WOS:000264694200022 ER PT J AU Shin, M Lu, CX Siffel, C Kucik, JE Correa, A AF Shin, Mikyong Lu, Chengxing Siffel, Csaba Kucik, James E. Correa, Adolfo TI Does the Survival of Children with Mosaic Down Syndrome Differ from that of Children with Non-Mosaic Down Syndrome? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shin, Mikyong; Lu, Chengxing; Siffel, Csaba; Kucik, James E.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lu, Chengxing] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Siffel, Csaba] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 426FU UT WOS:000264694200035 ER PT J AU Smelser, D Moore, CA Olney, RS Crider, KS Reefhuis, J Botto, LD Druschel, CM Wong-Gibbons, DL Romitti, PA AF Smelser, Diane Moore, Cynthia A. Olney, Richard S. Crider, Krista S. Reefhuis, Jennita Botto, Lorenzo D. Druschel, Charlotte M. Wong-Gibbons, Donna L. Romitti, Paul A. TI Epidemiologic Study of Risk Factors for VATER Association: Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997-2003 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Cynthia A.; Olney, Richard S.; Crider, Krista S.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Druschel, Charlotte M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Wong-Gibbons, Donna L.; Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 426FU UT WOS:000264694200042 ER PT J AU Raison, CL Lin, JMS Reeves, WC AF Raison, Charles L. Lin, Jin-Mann S. Reeves, William C. TI Association of peripheral inflammatory markers with chronic fatigue in a population-based sample SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review DE Chronic fatigue syndrome; Unwellness; Major depression; Inflammation; c-reactive protein; Population-based ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; BARR VIRUS-INFECTION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CLINICAL DEPRESSION; OLDER-ADULTS; SYNDROME/MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AB Alterations in the innate immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, studies have been limited by small sample sizes, use of patients from tertiary care settings, inappropriate selection of controls, and failure to control for confounding demographic, medical and behavioral factors independently associated with immune activity. It is also not known whether specific symptoms account for observed associations between CFS and the innate immune response. To address these limitations, the current study examined plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and a combined inflammation factor in a large population-based sample. Log-transformed mean plasma concentrations of hs-CRP were increased in subjects with CFS (n = 102) and in subjects with unwellness symptoms that did not meet diagnostic criteria for CFS (defined as "insufficient fatigue" [ISF]) (n = 240) when compared to subjects who were well (n = 115). Log transformed WBC was increased in ISF and was increased at a trend level in CFS. The combined inflammation factor was increased in both CFS and ISF Subjects with CFS and ISF did not differ on any of the inflammation measures. In the entire subject population, the physical component summary score (PCS), but not the mental component summary score (MCS), from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) was negatively associated with each of the inflammation measures. Depressive symptoms were also associated with increased log hs-CRP. After adjustment for age, sex, race, location of residence, BMI, depressive status and immune-modulating medications, subjects classified as ISF continued to demonstrate increased log hs-CRP, WBC and elevations on the inflammation factor when compared to well controls; however, associations between US and log hs-CRP and the inflammation factor were no longer statistically significant. After adjustment, PCS score also remained independently associated with each of the inflammation measures. These findings support a role for innate immune activation in unexplained fatigue and unwellness, but do not suggest that immune activation is specific to CFS. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Raison, Charles L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raison, CL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 1365C Clifton Rd,Room 5004, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM craison@emory.edu NR 104 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.11.005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 419LM UT WOS:000264221000004 PM 19111923 ER PT J AU Bennett, JS AF Bennett, James S. TI A systems approach to the design of safe-rooms for shelter-in-place SO BUILDING SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE shelter-in-place; toxicity; safe-room; model; air-exchange AB The protection of building occupants from hazardous outdoor releases can involve many strategies of varying cost and complexity. One method is known as "shelter-in-place," in which a space within the building is isolated to a practical degree from ambient and the remaining building air. The design of such a space involves decisions about size and level of permeability. An obvious issue is the comfort and health of occupants during the event. Because a design cannot satisfy all needs entirely, engineering the space becomes an optimization problem. This research provides an analytical framework for considering the effects of safe-room volume; ambient, building, and safe-room concentrations; ambient/building and building/safe-room air exchange rates; contaminant generation rate within the safe-room; contaminant toxicity; building volume and time. Intuition suggests that the room should be as large as possible to keep the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide at safe levels. However, the current work quantifies the optimal balance, using a systems analysis of a three-compartment building model, consisting of ambient, building, and safe-room zones. In an example calculation involving an outdoor release of chlorine gas and a safe-room release of carbon dioxide from occupant respiration, safe-room contaminant concentration was plotted vs the safe-room air exchange rate, beta. It was found that the intersection of the decreasing carbon dioxide curve and the increasing chlorine curve occurred at a beta of 0.70 h(-1). This permeability was interpreted as optimal, since it resulted in the lowest total exposure, relative to hazardous levels of these toxicologically independent agents. The analysis can be used to rank the importance of the variables affecting safe-room concentration, so that control efforts can be efficiently applied. This information would be helpful in choosing among existing rooms to use for shelter, for making room modifications or designing a new space, and for making decisions as an incident unfolds. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bennett, JS (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM zxd7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1996-3599 J9 BUILD SIMUL-CHINA JI Build. Simul. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1007/S12273-009-9301-2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA V16RE UT WOS:000207885900005 ER PT J AU De Jesus, VR Zhou, H Vogt, RF Hannon, WH AF De Jesus, Victor R. Zhou, Hui Vogt, Robert F. Hannon, W. Harry TI Changes in Solvent Composition in Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multiplex Assay for Lysosomal Storage Disorders Do Not Affect Assay Results SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 [De Jesus, Victor R.; Vogt, Robert F.; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening & Mol Biol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhou, Hui] CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Jesus, VR (reprint author), CDC, Newborn Screening & Mol Biol Branch, 4770 Budford Highway,Mail Stop F-19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdejesus@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 596 EP 598 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.122176 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 413DG UT WOS:000263772500041 PM 19246409 ER PT J AU Robert, M Sofair, AN Thomas, A Bell, B Bialek, S Corless, C Van Ness, G Huie-White, S Stabach, N Zaman, A AF Robert, Maire Sofair, Andre N. Thomas, Ann Bell, Beth Bialek, Stephanie Corless, Christopher Van Ness, Grace Huie-White, Sharon Stabach, Nicole Zaman, Atif TI A Comparison of Hepatopathologists' and Community Pathologists' Review of Liver Biopsy Specimens From Patients With Hepatitis C SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS; CHRONIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INTEROBSERVER VARIATION; SAMPLING VARIABILITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; VIRUS-INFECTION; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; DIAGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; INTRAOBSERVER AB Background & Aims: Assessment of liver histology has an important role in the management of chronic liver disease. It is not clear whether there are interobserver variabilities between hepatopathologists and general community pathologists. We evaluated the effect of type of pathologist and biopsy specimen size on interobserver agreement for hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Subjects were identified from a population-based sample of adults from a chronic liver disease surveillance network. Biopsy slides from 391 hepatitis C patients who had undergone liver biopsy were obtained and read by 2 study hepatopathologists blinded to the patients' diagnoses (the gold standard). The interobserver agreement of the fibrosis stage between the hepatopathologists and the general pathologists' report were evaluated by kappa index. Results: There was complete agreement between the study pathologist and community pathologist in 49.9% of biopsy specimens. The overall kappa index across all stages of fibrosis was 0.409, with the best agreement occurring at higher stages of fibrosis (kappa: 0.482 for stage 3, 0.776 for stage 4). Overall agreement was good (kappa, 0.465) when biopsy samples were greater than 1.5 cm in size. The community pathologist understaged fibrosis in 73% of biopsy specimens with disagreement. A total of 26% of patients with stages 2 to 4 fibrosis were understaged by the community pathologist. Conclusions: Results from this population-based study show good overall interobserver agreement between hepatopathologists and general pathologists when determining fibrosis stage in liver biopsy specimens from hepatitis C patients when liver biopsy sizes are adequate. However, community pathologists tended to understage fibrosis, which could keep patients from receiving proper treatment. C1 [Corless, Christopher; Zaman, Atif] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Robert, Maire; Sofair, Andre N.; Huie-White, Sharon; Stabach, Nicole] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Thomas, Ann; Van Ness, Grace] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Bell, Beth; Bialek, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zaman, A (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Mail Code L461,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM zamana@ohsu.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK034989] NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.11.029 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 421OM UT WOS:000264368200017 PM 19138761 ER PT J AU Whitney, EAS Massung, RF Candee, AJ Ailes, EC Myers, LM Patterson, NE Berkelman, RL AF Whitney, Ellen A. S. Massung, Robert F. Candee, Amanda J. Ailes, Elizabeth C. Myers, Lee M. Patterson, Nicole E. Berkelman, Ruth L. TI Seroepidemiologic and Occupational Risk Survey for Coxiella burnetii Antibodies among US Veterinarians SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER INFECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; UNITED-STATES; NOVA-SCOTIA; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; VACCINATION; PATHOGENS; OUTBREAK AB Background. Little is known about the occurrence of Q fever among veterinarians in the United States. In this study, we sought to estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies among veterinarians and to identify risk factors for exposure. Methods. We tested serum samples from 508 veterinarians who attended the 143rd American Veterinary Medical Association Annual Convention in 2006. Samples were screened using a Q fever IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples with positive or equivocal results of ELISA were confirmed using phase I and phase II IgG immunofluorescence antibody assays, and end point IgG titers were determined for samples with positive results. Results. Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 113 (22.2%) of 508 veterinarians. Risk factors associated with seropositivity included age >= 46 years, routine contact with ponds, and treatment of cattle, swine, or wildlife. Conclusions. Veterinarians have a high level of exposure to C. burnetii, the causative organism of Q fever, especially those veterinarians who treat livestock. In this study, risk of C. burnetii seropositivity was also independently associated with contact with ponds. The role of exposure to standing bodies of water in infection is not usually considered and should be investigated in future studies. Additionally, the evidence of past infection with C. burnetii in 120% of veterinarians also highlights the need for use of appropriate personal protective equipment when treating animals that are potentially infected with C. burnetii. Physicians should consider the risk of infection with C. burnetii when treating ill veterinarians and others with potential occupational exposures. C1 [Whitney, Ellen A. S.; Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Berkelman, Ruth L.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Whitney, Ellen A. S.; Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Berkelman, Ruth L.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Massung, Robert F.; Candee, Amanda J.; Patterson, Nicole E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Myers, Lee M.] Georgia Dept Agr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, EAS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Res, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ewhitn2@emory.edu FU O. Wayne Rollins Foundation FX Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no conflicts. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 550 EP 557 DI 10.1086/596705 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 403DE UT WOS:000263061700004 PM 19191638 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Benson, C Pau, A Masur, H AF Brooks, John T. Kaplan, Jonathan E. Holmes, King K. Benson, Constance Pau, Alice Masur, Henry TI HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections-Going, Going, But Not Gone: The Continued Need for Prevention and Treatment Guidelines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LATE DIAGNOSIS; HAART ERA; CARE; TRENDS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; SEROCONVERSION; STATES; DEATH; AIDS C1 [Brooks, John T.; Kaplan, Jonathan E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis TB & STD Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Benson, Constance] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Pau, Alice; Masur, Henry] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis TB & STD Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 609 EP 611 DI 10.1086/596756 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 403DE UT WOS:000263061700014 PM 19191648 ER PT J AU Arifeen, SE Saha, SK Rahman, S Rahman, KM Rahman, SM Bari, S Naheed, A Mannan, I Seraji, MHR Ahmed, NU Hassan, MS Huda, N Siddik, AU Quasem, I Islam, M Fatima, K Al-Emran, H Brooks, WA Baqui, AH Breiman, RF Sack, D Luby, SP AF Arifeen, Shams E. Saha, Samir K. Rahman, Sayedur Rahman, Kazi Mizanur Rahman, Syed Moshfiqur Bari, Sanwarul Naheed, Aliya Mannan, Ishtiaq Seraji, M. Habibur R. Ahmed, Nawshad U. Hassan, M. Shameem Huda, Nazmul Siddik, Ashraf Uddin Quasem, Iftekhar Islam, Maksuda Fatima, Kaniz Al-Emran, Hassan Brooks, W. Abdullah Baqui, Abdullah H. Breiman, Robert F. Sack, David Luby, Stephen P. TI Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Population-Based Surveillance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE DISEASE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; ETIOLOGY; TRIAL; RESISTANCE AB Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is recognized as a global priority public health problem, and conjugate vaccines have been shown to prevent vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. However, better estimates of the disease burden and reliable population-based data on serotype composition are needed for vaccine development and implementation in developing countries. Methods. We initiated a population-based surveillance in the rural Bangladesh community of Mirzapur, covering a population of similar to 144,000. Village health care workers made weekly visits to similar to 12,000 children 1-59 months of age in the study area. Children with reported fever, cough, or difficulty breathing were assessed by the village health care workers using a clinical algorithm and were referred to the hospital if required. Children from the study area who were seen in the hospital underwent clinical examination and laboratory testing if they met standardized case definitions. IPD was confirmed by blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture results. Isolates were identified, tested for susceptibility to antibiotics, and serotyped in accordance with standard laboratory methods. We present here the results from the first 3 years of the surveillance (July 2004-June 2007). Results. Village health care workers identified 5020 cases of possible severe pneumonia and/or very severe disease (165 cases per 1000 child-years) and 9411 cases of possible pneumonia (310 cases per 1000 child-years) as well as 2029 cases of suspected meningitis and/or very severe disease (67 cases per 1000 child-years) and 8967 cases of high fever and/or possible bacteremia (295 cases per 1000 child-years). Pneumonia was the single most common form of illness observed among 2596 hospitalizations (found in 977 [38%] of cases). We recovered 26 S. pneumoniae isolates (25 isolates from 6925 blood cultures and 1 isolate from 41 cerebrospinal fluid cultures), which gave an overall IPD incidence of 86 cases per 100,000 child-years. Invasive pneumococcal infection was common during infancy (with infants accounting for 23 of the 26 cases), and 50% of the total isolates were obtained from nonhospitalized patients who received a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection and fever. The most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes were serotypes 1, 5, 14, 18C, 19A, and 38. Ten of the 26 isolates were completely resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and another 10 isolates had intermediate resistance. Conclusions. IPD contributes substantially to childhood morbidity in rural Bangladesh. S. pneumoniae can cause invasive but nonsevere disease in children, and IPD incidence can be seriously under reported if such cases are overlooked. The emerging high resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be addressed. Data on serotype distribution would help to guide appropriate pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulation. C1 [Arifeen, Shams E.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, PHSD, Child Hlth Unit, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Saha, Samir K.; Islam, Maksuda; Fatima, Kaniz; Al-Emran, Hassan] Childrens Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Ahmed, Nawshad U.] Kumudini Hosp, Mirzapur, Bangladesh. [Baqui, Abdullah H.; Sack, David] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arifeen, SE (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, PHSD, Child Hlth Unit, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM shams@icddrb.org FU GAVI Alliance; Australian Agency for International Development; Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; Canadian International Development Agency; Embassy of the Kingdom of The Netherlands; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; Department for International Development, UK FX Financial support. International Centre for Diarhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), and Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP), based at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and funded by GAVI Alliance; Australian Agency for International Development; Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; Canadian International Development Agency; Embassy of the Kingdom of The Netherlands; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; and Department for International Development, UK. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 BP S103 EP S113 DI 10.1086/596543 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 403DF UT WOS:000263061800010 PM 19191605 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Peruski, LF Olsen, SJ Thamthitiwat, S Rhodes, J Dejsirilert, S Wongjindanon, W Dowell, SF Fischer, JE Areerat, P Sornkij, D Jorakate, P Kaewpan, A Prapasiri, P Naorat, S Sangsuk, L Eampokalap, B Moore, MR Carvalho, G Beall, B Ungchusak, K Maloney, SA AF Baggett, Henry C. Peruski, Leonard F. Olsen, Sonja J. Thamthitiwat, Somsak Rhodes, Julia Dejsirilert, Surang Wongjindanon, Wanna Dowell, Scott F. Fischer, Julie E. Areerat, Peera Sornkij, Denchai Jorakate, Possawat Kaewpan, Anek Prapasiri, Prabda Naorat, Sathapana Sangsuk, Leelawadee Eampokalap, Boonchuay Moore, Matthew R. Carvalho, Gloria Beall, Bernard Ungchusak, Kumnuan Maloney, Susan A. TI Incidence of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Requiring Hospitalization in Rural Thailand SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CULTURE-SYSTEMS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; SEROTYPES; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN AB Background. Population-based estimates of the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease are unavailable for Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. We estimated the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia cases requiring hospitalization in rural Thailand. Methods. Blood cultures were performed on samples from hospitalized patients in 2 rural provinces where active, population-based surveillance of community-acquired pneumonia is conducted. Blood cultures were performed at clinician discretion and were encouraged for all patients with suspected pneumonia and all children aged < 5 years with suspected sepsis. Pneumococcal antigen testing was performed on positive blood culture specimens that failed to grow organisms on subculture. Results. From May 2005 through June 2007, 23,853 blood culture specimens were collected overall, and 7319 were collected from children aged < 5 years, which represented 66% and 47% of target patients, respectively. A total of 72 culture-confirmed pneumococcal bacteremia cases requiring hospitalization were identified. An additional 44 patients had media from positive blood cultures that yielded no growth on subculture but that had positive results of pneumococcal antigen testing. Of the 116 confirmed cases of bacteremia, 27 (23%) occurred in children aged < 5 years; of these, 9 (33%) were confirmed by antigen testing only. The incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia cases requiring hospitalization among children aged < 5 years had a range of 10.6-28.9 cases per 100,000 persons (incidence range if cases detected by antigen are excluded, 7.5-14.0 cases per 100,000 persons). Conclusions. Invasive pneumococcal disease is more common than was previously suspected in Thailand, even on the basis of estimates limited to hospitalized cases of bacteremia. These estimates, which are close to estimates of the incidence of hospitalized cases of pneumococcal bacteremia in the United States before introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, provide important data to guide public health care policy and to inform discussions about vaccine introduction in Thailand and the rest of Southeast Asia. C1 [Baggett, Henry C.; Peruski, Leonard F.; Thamthitiwat, Somsak; Rhodes, Julia; Wongjindanon, Wanna; Fischer, Julie E.; Jorakate, Possawat; Kaewpan, Anek; Prapasiri, Prabda; Naorat, Sathapana; Maloney, Susan A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Dejsirilert, Surang; Sangsuk, Leelawadee] Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Eampokalap, Boonchuay] Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Ungchusak, Kumnuan] Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Areerat, Peera] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Sa Kaeo Prov Hlth Off, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. [Sornkij, Denchai] Nakhon Phanom Prov Hlth Off, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand. [Olsen, Sonja J.; Dowell, Scott F.; Moore, Matthew R.; Carvalho, Gloria; Beall, Bernard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), CDC, IEIP, Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM hbaggett@cdc.gov FU CDC Foundation; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Thailand Ministry of Public Health FX Financial support. PneumoADIP through the CDC Foundation; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Thailand Ministry of Public Health. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 BP S65 EP S74 DI 10.1086/596484 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 403DF UT WOS:000263061800005 PM 19191621 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Cherian, T Hajjeh, R Knoll, MD AF Levine, Orin S. Cherian, Thomas Hajjeh, Rana Knoll, Maria Deloria TI Progress and Future Challenges in Coordinated Surveillance and Detection of Pneumococcal and Hib Disease in Developing Countries SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; BACTEREMIA; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; AFRICA; KENYA C1 [Levine, Orin S.; Knoll, Maria Deloria] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, GAVI Alliances PneumoADIP, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hajjeh, Rana] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Hib Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cherian, Thomas] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, GAVI Alliances PneumoADIP, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E8547, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM olevine@jhsph.edu NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 BP S33 EP S36 DI 10.1086/596479 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 403DF UT WOS:000263061800001 PM 19191617 ER PT J AU Khan, MR Turner, AN Pettifor, A van Damme, K Rabenja, NL Ravelomanana, N Swezey, T Williams, D Jamieson, D Behets, F AF Khan, Maria R. Turner, Abigail Norris Pettifor, Audrey van Damme, Kathleen Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina Ravelomanana, Noro Swezey, Teresa Williams, D'Nyce Jamieson, Denise Behets, Frieda CA Mad STI Prevention Grp TI Unmet need for contraception among sex workers in Madagascar SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy intentions; Contraception; Unmet need; Sex worker; Madagascar ID HIV-PREVENTION; DIAPHRAGM USE; WOMEN; ACCEPTABILITY; FEASIBILITY; PREGNANCY; CLIENTS; KENYA; POWER; AIDS AB Background: The study was conducted to investigate past and future pregnancy preferences and contraceptive need among Malagasy sex workers. Study Design: We analyzed data on pregnancy and contraceptive use collected during the baseline visit of a randomized, prospective formative trial which assessed diaphragm and microbicide acceptability among sex workers. To be eligible, women could not be pregnant or planning pregnancy for the next 2 months. Results: Women (N=192) from four cities (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toamasina) reported a median of 10 sex acts per week. Fifty-two percent reported a prior unwanted pregnancy, 45% at least one induced abortion and 86% that preventing future pregnancy was moderately to very important. During the last sex act, 24% used a hormonal method, 36% used a male condom, 2% used a traditional method and 38% used no method. Nearly 30% of participants reported that pregnancy prevention was moderately or very important but used no contraception at last sex; these women were categorized as having "unmet need" for contraception. In multivariable binomial regression analyses, factors associated with unmet need included low knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness [age- and site-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR): 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.0] and low self-efficacy to negotiate condom use (age- and site-aqjusted PR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0). Conclusions: Among these women, prior unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion were common and preventing future pregnancy was important, yet gaps in contraceptive use were Substantial. Contraceptive knowledge and self-efficacy should be improved to promote contraceptive use by sex workers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, Maria R.; Turner, Abigail Norris; Pettifor, Audrey; Swezey, Teresa; Behets, Frieda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [van Damme, Kathleen; Behets, Frieda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [van Damme, Kathleen; Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina; Ravelomanana, Noro] Univ N Carolina, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Williams, D'Nyce; Jamieson, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khan, MR (reprint author), Natl Dev & Res Inst, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM maria_khan@unc.edu RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; CONRAD, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA FX This research was funded by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; CONRAD, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.09.011 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 407WB UT WOS:000263393900012 PM 19185677 ER PT J AU Bell, RA Mayer-Davis, EJ Beyer, JW D'Agostino, RB Lawrence, JM Linder, B Liu, LL Marcovina, SM Rodriguez, BL Williams, D Dabelea, D AF Bell, Ronny A. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Beyer, Jennifer W. D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Lawrence, Jean M. Linder, Barbara Liu, Lenna L. Marcovina, Santica M. Rodriguez, Beatriz L. Williams, Desmond Dabelea, Dana CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Diabetes in Non-Hispanic White Youth Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; CHILDHOOD TYPE-1; AMERICAN CHILDREN; YOUNG-ADULTS; MELLITUS; ADOLESCENTS; WORLDWIDE; TRENDS; UK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB OBJECTIVE - To investigate the incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of diabetes among U.S. non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study), a multicenter study of diabetes among youth aged 0-19 years, were examined. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years across 4 incident years (2002-2005), and prevalence in 2001 was calculated per 1,000 youths. Information obtained by questionnaire, physical examination, and blood and urine Collection was analyzed to describe the characteristics of youth who completed an in-person visit. RESULTS - The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (at ages 0-19 years) was 2.00/1,000, which was similar for male (2.02/1,000) and female (1.97/1,000) Subjects. The incidence of type I diabetes was 23.6/100,000, slightly higher for male compared with female subjects (24.5 vs. 22.7 per 100,000, respectively, P = 0.04). Incidence rates of type I diabetes among youth aged 0-14 years in the SEARCH study are higher than all previously reported U.S. Studies and many European studies. Few cases Of type 2 diabetes in youth aged <10 years were found. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (at ages 10-19 years) was 0.18/1,000, which is significantly higher for female compared with male subjects (0.22 vs. 0.15 per 1,000, P = 0.01). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was 3.7/100,000, With similar rates for female and male subjects (3.9 vs. 3.4 per 1,000, respectively, P = 0.3). High levels of abnormal cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles were common among youth With both type I and type 2 diabetes. For example, within each of four age-groups for youth With type 1 diabetes and two age-groups for youth with type 2 diabetes, >40% had elevated LDL cholesterol, and <3% of youth aged >10 years met current recommendations for intake of saturated fat. Among youth aged >= 15 years, 1.8% with type I and 26% with type 2 diabetes were current smokers. CONCLUSIONS - The SEARCH study is one of the most comprehensive studies of diabetes in NHW youth. The incidence of type I diabetes in NHW youth in the U.S. is one of the highest in the world. While type 2 diabetes is still relatively rare, rates are several-fold higher than those reported by European countries. We believe efforts directed at improving the cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles in this population are warranted. Diabetes Care 32 (Suppl. 2):S102-S111, 2009 C1 [Bell, Ronny A.; Beyer, Jennifer W.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Dispar, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. [Linder, Barbara] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Liu, Lenna L.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marcovina, Santica M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rodriguez, Beatriz L.] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Williams, Desmond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [00097, DP-05-069]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Kaiser Permanente Southern California [U01 DP000246]; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center [U01 DP000247]; Pacific Health Research Institute [U01 DP000245]; Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati) [U01 DP000248]; University of North Carolina [U01 DP000254]; University of Washington School of Medicine [U01 DP000244, M01RR00037, M01RR001271]; Wake Forest University School of Medicine [U01 DP000250]; Medical University of South Carolina [M01 RR01070]; Cincinnati Children's Hospital [M01 RR08084]; Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center; Colorado Pediatric General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR00069] FX The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PA no. 00097 and DP-05-069) and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Site contract numbers are as follows: Kaiser Permanente Southern California (U01 DP000246), the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (U01 DP000247), the Pacific Health Research Institute (U01 DP000245), the Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati) (U01 DP000248), the University of North Carolina (U01 DP000254), the University of Washington School of Medicine (U01 DP000244), and the Wake Forest University School of Medicine (U01 DP000250). The authors acknowledge the involvement of general clinical research centers at the following institutions in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: the Medical University of South Carolina (grant no. M01 RR01070), Cincinnati Children's Hospital (grat no. M01 RR08084),Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine (grant nos. M01RR00037 and M01RR001271), and the Colorado Pediatric General Clinical Research Center (grant no. M01 RR00069).; No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.; The SEARCH study is indebted to the many youth and their families and their health care providers, whose participation made this study possible. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 SU 2 BP S102 EP S111 DI 10.2337/dc09-S202 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EZ UT WOS:000264060600002 PM 19246575 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D DeGroat, J Sorrelman, C Glass, M Percy, CA Avery, C Hu, D D'Agostino, RB Beyer, J Imperatore, G Testaverde, L Klingensmith, G Hamman, RF AF Dabelea, Dana DeGroat, Joquetta Sorrelman, Carmelita Glass, Marria Percy, Christopher A. Avery, Charlene Hu, Diana D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Beyer, Jennifer Imperatore, Giuseppina Testaverde, Lisa Klingensmith, Georgeanna Hamman, Richard F. CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Diabetes in Navajo Youth Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; INDIANS; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for chronic complications among Navajo youth, using data collected by the SEARCH I for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The SEARCH study identified all prevalent cases of diabetes in 2001 and all incident cases in 2002-2005 among Navajo youth. We estimated denominators With the user Population for eligible health care facilities. Youth with diabetes also attended a research visit that included questionnaires, physical examination, blood and urine Collection, and extended medical record abstraction. RESULTS - Diabetes is infrequent among Navajo youth aged < 10 years. However, both prevalence and incidence of diabetes are high in older youth. Among adolescents aged 15-19 years, 1 in 359 Navajo youth had diabetes in 2001 and I in 2,542 developed diabetes annually, The vast majority of diabetes among Navajo youth with diabetes is type 2, although type I diabetes is also present, especially among younger children. Navajo youth with either diabetes type were likely to have poor glycemic control, high prevalence of unhealthy behaviors, and evidence of severely depressed mood. Youth with type 2 diabetes had more metabolic factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance (abdominal fiat deposition, dyslipidemia, and higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio) than Youth with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS - our data provide evidence that diabetes is an important health problem for Navajo youth, Targeted efforts aimed at primary prevention of diabetes in Navajo youth and efforts to prevent or delay the development of chronic complications among those With diabetes are warranted. Diabetes Care 32 (Suppl. 2):S141-S147, 2009 C1 [Dabelea, Dana; Testaverde, Lisa; Hamman, Richard F.] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Denver, CO USA. [DeGroat, Joquetta; Sorrelman, Carmelita; Percy, Christopher A.] Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Promot Dis Prevent, No Navajo Med Ctr, Shiprock, NM USA. [Glass, Marria] Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Area Diabet Program, Window Rock, AZ USA. [Avery, Charlene] Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Gallup Indian Med Ctr, Diabet Program, Gallup, NM USA. [Hu, Diana] Tuba City Reg Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tuba City, AZ USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.; Beyer, Jennifer] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klingensmith, Georgeanna] Univ Colorado, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Dabelea, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Denver, CO USA. EM dana.dabelea@ucdenver.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases [U01 DP000247] FX We thank the participants and their families, the Navajo Tribal Council, the Navajo Nation Division of Health, the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (NNHRRB), Tribal diabetes program staff, and healthcare providers of the Indian Health Service Navajo Area for their participation, support, and oversight of this Study. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 BP S141 EP S147 DI 10.2337/dc09-S206 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EZ UT WOS:000264060600006 PM 19246579 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JM Mayer-Davis, EJ Reynolds, K Beyer, J Pettitt, DJ D'Agostino, RB Marcovina, SM Imperatore, G Hamman, RF AF Lawrence, Jean M. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Reynolds, Kristi Beyer, Jennifer Pettitt, David J. D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Marcovina, Santica M. Imperatore, Giuseppina Hamman, Richard F. CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Diabetes in Hispanic American Youth Prevalence, incidence, demographics, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 06-10, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID CHILDHOOD TYPE-1; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; FAMILY-HISTORY; CHILDREN; MELLITUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; COMPLICATIONS; PHILADELPHIA; LIPOPROTEIN AB OBJECTIVE - To report the 2001 prevalence and 2002-2005 incidence of type I and type 2 diabetes in Hispanic American youth and to describe the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of these Youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study,a population-based multicenter observational study of youth aged 0-19 years with physician-diagnosed diabetes, were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type I and type 2 diabetes. Information obtained by questionnaire, physical examination, and blood and urine collection was analyzed to describe the characteristics of youth who completed a Study visit. RESULTS - Among Hispanic American youth, type 1. diabetes was more prevalent than type 2 diabetes, including in youth aged 10-19 years. There were no significant sex differences in type I or type 2 diabetes prevalence. The incidence of type 2 diabetes for female subjects aged 10-14 years was twice that of male subjects (P < 0.005), while among youth aged 15-19 years the incidence of type 2 diabetes exceeded that of type I diabetes for female subjects (P < 0,05) but not for male subjects. Poor glycemic control, defined as A1C >= 9.5%, as well as high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were common among youth aged >= 15 years with either type of diabetes. Forty-four percent of youth With type I diabetes were overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS - Factors such as poor glycemic control, elevated lipids, and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity may put Hispanic youth with type I and type 2 diabetes at risk for future diabetes-related complications. Diabetes Care 32 (Suppl. 2):S123-S132, 2009 C1 [Lawrence, Jean M.; Reynolds, Kristi] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Beyer, Jennifer] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Beyer, Jennifer; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Pettitt, David J.] Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Marcovina, Santica M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, NW Lipid Res Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hamman, Richard F.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO USA. RP Lawrence, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. EM jean.m.lawrence@kp.org RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [DP-05-069, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000037, M01 RR000069, M01 RR00069, M01 RR001070, M01 RR001271, M01 RR008084, M01 RR01070, M01 RR08084, M01RR001271]; PHS HHS [PA 00097] NR 44 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 BP S123 EP S132 DI 10.2337/dc09-S204 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EZ UT WOS:000264060600004 PM 19246577 ER PT J AU Mayer-Davis, EJ Beyer, J Bell, RA Dabelea, D D'Agostino, R Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM Liese, AD Liu, L Marcovina, S Rodriguez, B AF Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Beyer, Jennifer Bell, Ronny A. Dabelea, Dana D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr. Imperatore, Giuseppina Lawrence, Jean M. Liese, Angela D. Liu, Lenna Marcovina, Santica Rodriguez, Beatriz CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Diabetes in African American Youth Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; ACCELERATOR HYPOTHESIS; CHILDHOOD TYPE-1; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; WHITE-CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE - To report the prevalence and incidence of type I and type 2 diabetes among African American youth and to describe demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based, multicenter observational study of youth with clinically diagnosed diabetes aged 0-19 years, were used to estimate the prevalence for calendar year 2001 (692 cases) and incidence based on 748 African American case subjects diagnosed in 2002-2005. Characteristics of these youth were obtained during a research visit for 436 African American youth with type 1 diabetes and 212 African American youth with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS - Among African American youth aged 0-9 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type I diabetes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.47-0.69) and for those aged 10-19 years 2.04 (1.85-2.26). Among African American youth aged 0-9 years, annual type I diabetes incidence (per 100,000) was 15.7 (13.7-17.9) and for those aged 10-19 years 15.7 (13.8-17.8). A1C was >= 9.5% among 50% of youth with type I diabetes aged >= 15 years. Across age-groups and sex, 44.7% of African American youth with type 1 diabetes were over-weight or obese. Among African American youth aged 10-19 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type 2 diabetes was 1.06 (0.93-1.22) and annual incidence (per 100,000) was 19.0 (16.9-21.3). About 60% of African American youth with type 2 diabetes had an annual household income of <$25,000. Among those aged >= 15 years, 27.5% had an A1C >= 9.5%, 22.5% had high blood pressure, and, across subgroups of age and sex, >90% were overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS - Type 1 diabetes presents a serious burden among African American youth aged < 10 years, and African American adolescents are impacted substantially by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32 (Suppl. 2):S112-S122, 2009 C1 [Bell, Ronny A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Beyer, Jennifer; D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanante So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Dispar, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Liu, Lenna] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marcovina, Santica] NW Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, Beatriz] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Dept Geriatr Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [00097, DP-05-069]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Kaiser Permanente Southern California [U01 DP000246]; University Of Colorado Health Sciences Center [U01 DP000247]; Pacific Health Research Institute [1101 DP000245]; Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati) [U01 DP000248]; University of North Carolina [U01 DP000254]; University of Washington School of Medicine [U01 DP000244, M01 RR00037, M01 RR001271]; Wake Forest University School of Medicine [U01 DP000250]; Medical University of South Carolina [M01 RR01070]; Cincinnati Children's Hospital [M01 RRO8084]; Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center; Colorado Pedi atric General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR00069] FX No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. NR 55 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 BP S112 EP S122 DI 10.2337/dc09-S203 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EZ UT WOS:000264060600003 PM 19246576 ER PT J AU Mayer-Davis, EJ Bell, RA Dabelea, D D'Agostino, R Imperatore, G Lawrence, JM Liu, L Marcovina, S AF Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth. J. Bell, Ronny A. Dabelea, Dana D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr. Imperatore, Giuseppina Lawrence, Jean M. Liu, Lenna Marcovina, Santica CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI The Many Faces of Diabetes in American Youth: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Five Race and Ethnic Populations: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study INTRODUCTION SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE; MELLITUS; HEALTH C1 [Bell, Ronny A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph, Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liu, Lenna] Univ Washington, Dept Child Hlth Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marcovina, Santica] NW Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM rbell@wlubmc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U01 DP000247, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000037, M01 RR000069, M01 RR001070, M01 RR001271, M01 RR008084] NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 BP S99 EP S101 DI 10.2337/dc09-S201 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EZ UT WOS:000264060600001 PM 19246580 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Yoksan, S Buchy, P Nguyen, VC Sekaran, SD Enria, DA Pelegrino, JL Vazquez, S Artsob, H Drebot, M Gubler, DJ Halstead, SB Guzman, MG Margolis, HS Nathanson, CM Lic, NRR Bessoff, KE Kliks, S Peeling, RW AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Yoksan, Sutee Buchy, Philippe Nguyen, Vinh Chau Sekaran, Shamala D. Enria, Delia A. Pelegrino, Jose L. Vazquez, Susana Artsob, Harvey Drebot, Michael Gubler, Duane J. Halstead, Scott B. Guzman, Maria G. Margolis, Harold S. Nathanson, Carl-Michael Lic, Nidia R. Rizzo Bessoff, Kovi E. Kliks, Srisakul Peeling, Rosanna W. TI Evaluation of Commercially Available Anti-Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin M Tests SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; G-ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M kits were evaluated. Test sensitivities were 21%-99% and specificities were 77%-98% compared with reference ELISAs. False-positive results were found for patients with malaria or past dengue infections. Three ELISAs showing strong agreement with reference ELISAs will be included in the World Health Organization Bulk Procurement Scheme. C1 [Peeling, Rosanna W.] WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Halstead, Scott B.; Margolis, Harold S.; Kliks, Srisakul] Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Seoul, South Korea. [Gubler, Duane J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Artsob, Harvey; Drebot, Michael] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Pelegrino, Jose L.; Vazquez, Susana; Guzman, Maria G.] Inst Med Trop Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba. [Enria, Delia A.] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sekaran, Shamala D.] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Nguyen, Vinh Chau] Cho Quan Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Buchy, Philippe] Inst Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Yoksan, Sutee] Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Hunsperger, Elizabeth A.; Bessoff, Kovi E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. RP Peeling, RW (reprint author), WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, 20 Ave Appia, Geneva, Switzerland. EM peelingr@who.int RI K.C SEKARAN, SHAMALA DEVI/B-9735-2010; Pelegrino Martinez de la Cotera, Jose Luis/F-9040-2016 OI K.C SEKARAN, SHAMALA DEVI/0000-0002-0478-0425; Pelegrino Martinez de la Cotera, Jose Luis/0000-0003-0833-653X FU Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative; United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; United Nations Development Programme; World Bank; World Health Organization FX We thank Naifi Calzada, Ew Cheng Lan, Maria Alejandra Morales, Didye Ruiz, Ong Sivuth, and Duong Veasna for technical assistance-, and Jane Cardosa for helpful comments in preparing this article.; This Study was supported by the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases.; Dr Hunsperger is a virologist and chief of the Serology Diagnostics and Viral Pathogenesis Research Section at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Her primary research interest is the pathogenesis of dengue virus and West Nile virus. NR 13 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.3201/eid1503.080923 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400011 PM 19239758 ER PT J AU Tong, SX Conrardy, C Ruone, S Kuzmin, IV Guo, XL Tao, Y Niezgoda, M Haynes, L Agwanda, B Breiman, RF Anderson, LJ Rupprecht, CE AF Tong, Suxiang Conrardy, Christina Ruone, Susan Kuzmin, Ivan V. Guo, Xiling Tao, Ying Niezgoda, Michael Haynes, Lia Agwanda, Bernard Breiman, Robert F. Anderson, Larry J. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Detection of Novel SARS-like and Other Coronaviruses in Bats from Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; VIRUS; CHINA AB Diverse coronaviruses have been identified in bats from several continents but not from Africa. We identified group 1 and 2 coronaviruses in bats in Kenya, including SARS-related coronaviruses. The sequence diversity suggests that bats are well-established reservoirs for and likely sources of coronaviruses for many species, including humans. C1 [Tong, Suxiang; Conrardy, Christina; Ruone, Susan; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Tao, Ying; Niezgoda, Michael; Haynes, Lia; Anderson, Larry J.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Guo, Xiling] Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Agwanda, Bernard] Natl Museums Kenya, Kenya Wildlife Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Tong, SX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sot1@cdc.gov FU Global Disease Detection program (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia). FX Dr Tong is a virologist in the Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch of the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Her interests are in novel emerging CoVs. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 17 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.3201/eid1503.081013 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400024 PM 19239771 ER PT J AU Tarkhashvili, N Beriashvili, R Chakvetadze, N Moistsrapishvili, M Chokheli, M Sikharulidze, M Malania, L Abazashvili, N Jhorjholiani, E Chubinicize, M Ninashvili, N Zardiashvili, T Gabunia, U Kordzaia, D Lmnadze, P Sobel, J Guarner, J AF Tarkhashvili, Nato Beriashvili, Rusuclan Chakvetadze, Neli Moistsrapishvili, Maia Chokheli, Maia Sikharulidze, Merab Malania, Lile Abazashvili, Nato Jhorjholiani, Ekaterine Chubinicize, Marina Ninashvili, Nanuli Zardiashvili, Tamar Gabunia, Ucha Kordzaia, Dimitri Lmnadze, Paata Sobel, Jeremy Guarner, Jeannette TI Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients Undergoing Upper Endoscopy, Republic of Georgia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE C1 [Tarkhashvili, Nato; Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beriashvili, Rusuclan; Chakvetadze, Neli; Moistsrapishvili, Maia; Chokheli, Maia; Sikharulidze, Merab; Malania, Lile; Abazashvili, Nato; Jhorjholiani, Ekaterine; Chubinicize, Marina; Ninashvili, Nanuli; Zardiashvili, Tamar; Gabunia, Ucha; Kordzaia, Dimitri; Lmnadze, Paata] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Med Stat, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Guarner, Jeannette] Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tarkhashvili, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 615 E 4th St, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM bwi2@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Kordzaia, Dimitri/0000-0002-4773-2896 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 504 EP 505 DI 10.3201/eid1503.080850 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400035 PM 19239782 ER PT J AU Stringer, JR Beard, CB Miller, RF AF Stringer, James R. Beard, Charles B. Miller, Robert F. TI Spelling Pneumocystis jirovecii SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Stringer, James R.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Beard, Charles B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Miller, Robert F.] Univ Coll, London, England. RP Stringer, JR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, ML 524 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM stringjr@ucmail.uc.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 506 EP 506 DI 10.3201/eid1503.081060 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400036 PM 19239784 ER PT J AU Goodman, RA Buehler, JW AF Goodman, Richard A. Buehler, James W. TI Delinquent Mortgages, Neglected Swimming Pools, and West Nile Virus, California SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Goodman, Richard A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buehler, James W.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Goodman, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rag4@cdc.gov RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI055607] NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 508 EP 508 DI 10.3201/eid1503.081489 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400039 PM 19239785 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Tango with Cows Vasily Kamensky SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 513 EP 514 DI 10.3201/eid1503.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 412YF UT WOS:000263759400041 PM 19239786 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Divi, RL Einem, TL Richardson, DL Leonard, SL Keshova, N Poirier, MC Weston, A AF Keshava, Channa Divi, Rao L. Einem, Tracey L. Richardson, Diana L. Leonard, Sarah L. Keshova, Nagalakshmi Poirier, Miriam C. Weston, Ainsley TI Chlorophyllin Significantly Reduces Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA Adduct Formation and Alters Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 expression and EROD Activity in Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; microarray; chemoprevention; chlorophyllin; NQO1; chemiluminescence immunoassay; interferon ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEX FORMATION; DNA-ADDUCTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; AFLATOXIN B-1; COVALENT BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; LUNG-CANCER; MOUSE SKIN; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION AB We hypothesized that chlorophyllin (CHLN) would reduce benzo[a]pyrene-DNA (BP-DNA) adduct levels. Using normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) exposed to 4 mu M BP for 24 hr in the presence or absence of 5 mu M CHLN, we measured BP-DNA adducts by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). The protocol included the following experimental groups: BP alone, BP given simultaneously with CHLN (BP+CHLN) for 24 hr, CHLN given for 24 hr followed by BP for 24 hr (preCHLN, postBP), and CHLN given for 48 hr with BP added for the last 24 hr (preCHLN, postBP+CHLN). Incubation with CHLN decreased BPdG levels in all groups, with 87% inhibition in the preCHLN, postBP+CHLN group. To examine metabolic mechanisms, we monitored expression by Affymetrix microarray (U133A), and found BP-induced up-regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression, as well as upregulation of groups of interferon-inducible, inflammation and signal transduction genes. Incubation of cells with CHLN and BP in any combination decreased expression of many of these genes. Using reverse transcription real time PCR (RT-PCR) the maximal inhibition of BP-induced gene expression, >85% for CYP1A1 and >70% for CYP1B1, was observed in the preCHLN, postBP + CHLN group. To explore the relationship between transcription and enzyme activity, the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay was used to measure the combined CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 activities. BP exposure caused the EROD levels to double, when compared with the unexposed controls, The CHLN-exposed groups all showed EROD levels similar to the unexposed controls. Therefore, the addition of CHLN to BP-exposed cells reduced BPdG formation and CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression, but EROD activity was not significantly reduced. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 50:134-144, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(+) C1 [Divi, Rao L.; Einem, Tracey L.; Leonard, Sarah L.; Poirier, Miriam C.] NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Keshava, Channa; Richardson, Diana L.; Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Mol Carcinogenesis Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Keshava, Channa; Keshova, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 37,Rm 4032,37 Convent Dr,MSC-4255, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM poirierm@exchange.nih.gov FU US Centers, for Disease Control (CDC); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research FX Grant sponsors: Intramural Research Programs of the US Centers, for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1002/em.20449 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 408SS UT WOS:000263455900010 PM 19152381 ER PT J AU Tassone, EC Waller, LA Casper, ML AF Tassone, Eric C. Waller, Lance A. Casper, Michele L. TI Small-Area Racial Disparity in Stroke Mortality An Application of Bayesian Spatial Hierarchical Modeling SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH RESEARCH; 2 DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RATES; RACE; AGE; US AB Background: In the United States, excess burden of stroke mortality has persisted among African Americans compared with whites despite declines in stroke mortality for both groups. New insights may be gleaned by examining local, small-area patterns in racial disparities in stroke. Methods: The study population includes all non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites aged 35 to 64 in the southeastern United States during 1999 to 2002. We assessed county-level numbers of stroke deaths and population estimates in a Bayesian spatial hierarchical modeling framework allowing for inclusion of potential covanates (poverty and rurality), and generating county-specific model-based estimates of both absolute and relative racial disparity. The resulting estimates of race-specific stroke death rates, relative racial disparity, and absolute racial disparity were expressed in maps. Results: After adjustment for age, poverty, and rurality, county-level estimates of relative racial disparity ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 and estimates of absolute racial disparity ranged from 19 to 45 excess deaths per 100,000. For both racial groups, stroke death rates were higher in rural areas and with increasing poverty. High relative racial disparity was concentrated primarily in the eastern portion of the region and large absolute racial disparity was concentrated primarily in the western portion. Conclusions: The results highlight the pervasiveness and magnitude of substantial local racial disparities in stroke mortality in the southeast. C1 [Tassone, Eric C.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Casper, Michele L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tassone, EC (reprint author), POB 192051, San Francisco, CA 94119 USA. EM erictassone@gmail.com FU Environmental Protection Agency "Science to Achieve Results" (STAR) Fellowship [91589901-0]; Association of Schools of Public Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Fellowship [S22/22-CCD03-015]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01-ES07750] FX Supported by Environmental Protection Agency "Science to Achieve Results" (STAR) Fellowship 91589901-0, an Association of Schools of Public Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Fellowship S22/22-CCD03-015, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant R01-ES07750. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181935aee PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 412HH UT WOS:000263715400015 PM 19142164 ER PT J AU Lynch, MF Tauxe, RV Hedberg, CW AF Lynch, M. F. Tauxe, R. V. Hedberg, C. W. TI The growing burden of foodborne outbreaks due to contaminated fresh produce: risks and opportunities SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE Foodborne; outbreaks; produce ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ALFALFA SPROUTS; GREEN ONIONS; TOMATOES; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ENTERICA AB Foodborne outbreaks from contaminated fresh produce have been increasingly recognized in many parts of the world. This reflects a convergence of increasing consumption of fresh produce, changes in production and distribution, and a growing awareness or the problem on the part of public health officials. The complex biology of pathogen contamination and survival on plant materials is beginning to be explained. Adhesion of pathogens to Surfaces and internalization of pathogens limits the usefulness of conventional processing and chemical sanitizing methods in preventing transmission from contaminated produce. Better methods of preventing contamination on the farm, or during packing or processing, or use of a terminal control such as irradiation could reduce the burden of disease transmission from fresh produce. Outbreak investigations represent important opportunities to evaluate contamination at the farm level and along the farm-to-fork continuum. More complete and timely environmental assessments of these events and more research into the biology and ecology of pathogen-produce interactions are needed to identify better prevention strategies. C1 [Lynch, M. F.; Tauxe, R. V.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Myot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hedberg, C. W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Lynch, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mlynchl@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 310 Z9 313 U1 7 U2 101 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1017/S0950268808001969 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400002 PM 19200406 ER PT J AU Gaynor, K Park, SY Kanenaka, R Colindres, R Mintz, E Ram, PK Kitsutani, P Nakata, M Wedel, S Boxrud, D Jennings, D Yoshida, H Tosaka, N He, H Ching-Lee, M Effler, PV AF Gaynor, K. Park, S. Y. Kanenaka, R. Colindres, R. Mintz, E. Ram, P. K. Kitsutani, P. Nakata, M. Wedel, S. Boxrud, D. Jennings, D. Yoshida, H. Tosaka, N. He, H. Ching-Lee, M. Effler, P. V. TI International foodborne outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection in airline passengers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article AB During 22-24 August 2004, an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection affected air travellers who departed from Hawaii. Forty-seven passengers with culture-con firmed shigellosis and 116 probable cases who travelled on 12 flights dispersed to Japan, Australia, 22 US states, and American Samoa. All flights were served by one caterer. Pulsed-field get electrophoresis of all 29 S. sonnei isolates yielded patterns that matched within one band. Food histories and menu reviews identified raw carrot served onboard as the likely vehicle of infection. Attack rates for diarrhoea on three surveyed flights with confirmed cases were 54% (110/204), 32% (20/63), and 12% (8/67). A total of 2700 meals were served on flights with confirmed cases; using attack rates observed on surveyed flights, we estimated that 300-1500 passengers were infected. This outbreak illustrates the risk of rapid, global spread of illness from a point-source at a major airline hub. C1 [Gaynor, K.; Park, S. Y.; Kanenaka, R.; Nakata, M.; He, H.; Ching-Lee, M.; Effler, P. V.] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Gaynor, K.; Colindres, R.; Mintz, E.; Ram, P. K.; Jennings, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ram, P. K.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tosaka, N.] Japanese Minist Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. [Wedel, S.; Boxrud, D.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Yoshida, H.] Osaka City Publ Hlth Off, Osaka, Japan. RP Gaynor, K (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, 1132 Bishop St,1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM kate.gaynor@doh.hawaii.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1017/S0950268807000064 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400005 PM 18177516 ER PT J AU Mohle-Boetani, JC Farrar, J Bradley, P Barak, JD Miller, M Mandrell, R Mead, P Keene, WE Cummings, K Abbott, S Werner, SB AF Mohle-Boetani, J. C. Farrar, J. Bradley, P. Barak, J. D. Miller, M. Mandrell, R. Mead, P. Keene, W. E. Cummings, K. Abbott, S. Werner, S. B. CA Invest Team TI Salmonella infections associated with mung bean sprouts: epidemiological and environmental investigations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATED ALFALFA SEEDS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; TYPHIMURIUM; REDUCTION; IRRADIATION; CALIFORNIA; SEROVARS AB We investigated an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections linked to raw mung bean sprouts in 2000 with two case-control studies and reviewed six similar outbreaks that occurred in 2000-2002. All outbreaks were due to unusual phage types (PT) of SE and occurred in the United States (PT 33, 1, and 913), Canada (PT 11b and 913), and The Netherlands (PT 4b). PT 33 was in the spent irrigation water and a drain from one sprout grower. None of the growers disinfected seeds at recommended concentrations. Only two growers tested spent irrigation water; neither discarded the implicated seed lots after receiving a report of Salmonella contamination. We found no difference in the growth of SE and Salmonella Newport on mung beans. Mung bean sprout growers should disinfect seeds, test spent irrigation water, and discontinue the use of implicated seed lots when pathogens are found. Laboratories should report confirmed positive Salmonella results from sprout growers to public health authorities. C1 [Mohle-Boetani, J. C.; Farrar, J.; Cummings, K.; Abbott, S.; Werner, S. B.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Bradley, P.; Mandrell, R.] Sacramento Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Barak, J. D.] USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Miller, M.] Placer Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Auburn, CA USA. [Mead, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keene, W. E.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, JC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jmohlebo@dhs.ca.gov NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1017/S0950268808000411 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400008 PM 18294429 ER PT J AU Voetsch, AC Poole, C Hedberg, CW Hoekstra, RM Ryder, RW Weber, DJ Angulo, FJ AF Voetsch, A. C. Poole, C. Hedberg, C. W. Hoekstra, R. M. Ryder, R. W. Weber, D. J. Angulo, F. J. TI Analysis of the FoodNet case-control study of sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections using persons infected with other Salmonella serotypes as the comparison group SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Case-control studies; epidemiological methods; Salmonella infections ID UNITED-STATES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HEIDELBERG INFECTIONS; EGG CONSUMPTION; RISK-FACTOR; OUTBREAK; MINNESOTA; ILLNESS; SITES; HOME AB Use of well persons as the comparison group for laboratory-confirmed cases of sporadic salmonellosis may introduce ascertainment bias into case-control studies. Data from the 1996-1997 FoodNet case-control study of laboratory-confirmed Salmonella serogroups B and D infection were used to estimate the effect of specific behaviours and foods on infection with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE). Persons with laboratory-confirmed Salmonella of other serotypes acted as the comparison group. The analysis included 173 SE cases and 268 non-SE controls. SE was associated with international travel, consumption of chicken prepared outside the home, and consumption of undercooked eggs prepared outside the home in the 5 days prior to diarrhoea onset. SE phage type 4 was associated with international travel and consumption of undercooked eggs prepared outside the home. The use of in controls can be a useful tool in identifying risk factors for sporadic cases of Salmonella. C1 [Voetsch, A. C.; Hoekstra, R. M.; Angulo, F. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonoses Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Voetsch, A. C.; Poole, C.; Ryder, R. W.; Weber, D. J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hedberg, C. W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Weber, D. J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Voetsch, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonoses Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop E46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aav6@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases; U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service; Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126] FX We thank the members of the CDC Emerging Infections Program Working Group for their contributions to this study. Financial support for this research was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant P30ES10126 (C.P.). NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1017/S0950268808000897 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400015 PM 18611288 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Shevick, G Shupe-Ricksecker, K Bannister, E Tulu, A Lancaster, K Alexander, N Zellner, DE Lyszkowicz, E Braden, CR AF Beatty, M. E. Shevick, G. Shupe-Ricksecker, K. Bannister, E. Tulu, A. Lancaster, K. Alexander, N. Zellner, D. E. Lyszkowicz, E. Braden, C. R. TI Large Salmonella Enteritidis outbreak with prolonged transmission attributed to an infected food handler, Texas, 2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Disease outbreak; epidemiology; gastroenteritis; Salmonella Enteritidis ID UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; MEXICO AB In March 2002, an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections occurred at a convention centre in Dallas, Texas and continued for 6 weeks. We conducted epidemiological studies, obtained clinical and environmental cultures, and interviewed employees to identify risk factors for infection. From 17 March-25 April 2002, the implicated hotel kitchen catered 41 multi-day conferences attended by 9790 persons. We received 617 illness reports from residents of 46 states. Sauces or items served with sauces were implicated in three cohort studies. SE phage-type 8 was identified as the agent. Eleven food service employees, including one who prepared sauces and salsa, had stool cultures that yielded SE. Although the original source was not determined, prolonged transmission resulted in the largest food handler-associated outbreak reported to date, affecting persons from 46 US states. Transmission ended with implementation of policies to screen food handlers and exclude those whose stool cultures yielded salmonellas. C1 [Beatty, M. E.; Alexander, N.; Zellner, D. E.; Lyszkowicz, E.; Braden, C. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beatty, M. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shevick, G.; Shupe-Ricksecker, K.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Bannister, E.; Tulu, A.; Lancaster, K.] Dallas Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Dallas, TX USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Int Vaccine Inst, SNU Res Pk,San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 Dong, Seoul 151919, South Korea. EM mbeatty@pdvi.org FU routine operating budgets of the government agencies FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Assefa Tulu, M D, of the Dallas County Department of Health and Human Services. The authors thank Carol Ingram, RN and the staff of Dallas County Department of Health and Human Services for their assistance with data and sample collection which was crucial to the success of the investigation; Kate Hendricks, MD, MPH&TM, Jeff Talyor, MPH, Marilyn Felkner, DrPH, and Lisa Marengo, MS, of the Texas Department of Health, and Kare Molbak, MD, DMSc, of the Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, for their technical support and assistance with the field work; Michael Doyle, PhD, of the Center for Food Safety at the University of Georgia for assisting in the microbiological investigation; and Margie Earl of the City of Dallas Department of Environmental and Health Services who supervised the kitchen inspections and implementation of the various interventions. We also thank the staff of all the state and local health departments that assisted by reporting and following up on cases, testing samples, and provided insights and feedback during the investigation. This investigation was supported entirely by the routine operating budgets of the government agencies involved. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1017/S0950268808001362 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400016 PM 18817586 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Wang, XJ Bai, JM Fang, G Liu, LG Zhang, Y Fontaine, RE AF Zhang, L. J. Wang, X. J. Bai, J. M. Fang, G. Liu, L. G. Zhang, Y. Fontaine, R. E. TI An outbreak of hepatitis A in recently vaccinated students from ice snacks made from contaminated well water SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Disease outbreaks; hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccines; water-borne ID VIRUS; INFECTION AB On 30 May 2006, township S in Sichuan Province, China, reported an outbreak of hepatitis A (HA) in students who had recently received HA vaccine. The concern was raised that the vaccine had caused the outbreak. We attempted to identify the source of infection and mode of transmission. A HA case was defined as onset of jaundice or anorexia since I April 2006 with a twofold elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and anti-HA virus-IgM in a resident of or visitor to the township. Exposures to vaccine and snacks of 90 case-students to those of 107 control-students were compared. Thirty-four per cent of cases ate ice slush compared to 4.7% of controls (OR 4.1), and 51% of cases ate snow cones compared to 17% of controls (OR 8.3). The ice snacks were made with well water. HA virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from patients' blood and well water. Untreated well water poses important dangers to the public in areas where piped, potable water is available. C1 [Liu, L. G.] Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Infect Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Fontaine, R. E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, LG (reprint author), Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Infect Dis Control & Prevent, 6 Middle Sch Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM liulunguang@vip.sina.com NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 428 EP 433 DI 10.1017/S0950268808001337 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400017 PM 18817585 ER PT J AU Li, J De, A Ketchum, K Fagnan, LJ Haxby, DG Thomas, A AF Li, John De, Anindya Ketchum, Kathy Fagnan, L. J. Haxby, Dean G. Thomas, Ann TI Antimicrobial Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Infections and Its Effect on Return Visits SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC USE; TRACT INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; JUDICIOUS USE; MARCH 20; PREVALENCE; PRINCIPLES; COMMUNITY AB Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem that complicates the treatment of various illnesses. This study analyzes Medicaid encounter data to (1) determine antibiotic prescribing rates for common respiratory tract infections in Oregon and (2) assess the effect of receiving an antibiotic at an index visit on whether there was a return visit within 30 days. Methods: Subjects included in this study were Medicaid patients in Oregon between 2001-2003 who were enrolled in Medicaid for a full year and were diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection, including bronchitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngitis, and upper respiratory infections (URIs). Claims data were analyzed to determine receipt of an antibiotic within 3 days of the initial visit and if there was a return visit within 30 days. Results: During 2001-2003, the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics for bronchitis and sinusitis decreased, from? 70% to 61%, and from 78% to 74%, respectively, while antibiotic prescribing for AOM, URI, and pharyngitis changed little. After controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, Medicaid plan type, and location, we determined that patients who had received antibiotics during the index visit for AOM, URI, and pharyngitis were more likely to return with a respiratory tract infection during the subsequent 30 days tan patients who did not receive antibiotics. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescribing among Medicaid patients in Oregon has decreased. Receiving an antibiotic does not decrease the rate of subsequent return visits. C1 [Li, John] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Li, John] Univ Minnesota, Div Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [De, Anindya] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Work Force & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ketchum, Kathy; Haxby, Dean G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Drug Use Res & Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fagnan, L. J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Thomas, Ann] Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Room 1260 Mayo,MMC 807,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM lixxx607@umn.edu FU CDC's Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity cooperative agreement FX This project was funded through the CDC's Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity cooperative agreement. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 419ZZ UT WOS:000264259500008 PM 19259840 ER PT J AU Isaacson, N Roemheld-Hamm, B Crosson, JC Dicicco-Bloom, B Winston, CA AF Isaacson, Nicole Roemheld-Hamm, Beatrix Crosson, Jesse C. Dicicco-Bloom, Barbara Winston, Carla A. TI Organizational Culture Influences Health Care Workers' Influenza Immunization Behavior SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Primary-Care-Research-Group CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP N Amer Primary Care Res Grp ID LONG-TERM-CARE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; VACCINATION; ATTITUDES; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; BELIEFS AB Background and Objectives: Low rates of influenza immunization among health care workers (HCWs) pose a potential health risk to patients in primary care practices. Despite previous educational efforts and programs to reduce financial barriers, HCW influenza immunization rates remain low Variation in practice-level organizational culture may affect immunization rates. To explore this relationship, we examined organizational cultures and HCWs' influenza immunization behaviors in three family medicine practices. Methods: We used a multi-method comparative case study. A field researcher used participant observation, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews to collect data in each practice in November-December 2003. A diverse team used grounded theory to analyze text data. Results: Organizational culture varied among practices and differing HCW immunization rates were observed. The most structured and business-like practice achieved immunization of all HCWs, while the other two practices exhibited greater variation in HCW immunization rates. Physicians in the practices characterized as chaotic/disorganized or divided were immunized at higher rates than other members of the practices. Conclusions: In these practices, organizational culture was associated with varying rates of, influenza immunization for HCWs, especially among nonphysicians. Addressing elements of organizational culture such as beliefs regarding influenza immunization and office policies may facilitate the immunization of all staff members. C1 [Isaacson, Nicole] Rutgers State Univ, Counseling & Psychol Serv, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Isaacson, Nicole; Roemheld-Hamm, Beatrix; Crosson, Jesse C.; Dicicco-Bloom, Barbara] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med, Div Res, Somerset, NJ USA. [Crosson, Jesse C.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Family Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Winston, Carla A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Isaacson, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Counseling & Psychol Serv, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM nisaacso@ccho.rutgers.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 419ZZ UT WOS:000264259500011 PM 19259843 ER PT J AU Ekong, EE Okenu, DN Mania-Pramanik, J He, Q Igietseme, JU Ananaba, GA Lyn, D Black, C Eko, FO AF Ekong, Eno E. Okenu, Daniel N. Mania-Pramanik, Jayanti He, Qing Igietseme, Joseph U. Ananaba, Godwin A. Lyn, Deborah Black, Carolyn Eko, Francis O. TI A Vibrio cholerae ghost-based subunit vaccine induces cross-protective chlamydial immunity that is enhanced by CTA2B, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vaccination; adjuvant; antibodies; cytokines; protection ID GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; CD4(+) T-CELLS; B-SUBUNIT; TRANSCUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; MUCOSAL IMMUNIZATION AB The Vibrio cholerae ghost (rVCG) platform is an effective carrier and delivery system for designing efficacious Chlamydia vaccines. We investigated whether CTA2B, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin, can augment protective immunity conferred by an rVCG-based chlamydial vaccine and enhance cross-protection against heterologous chlamydial strains. An rVCG vaccine coexpressing chlamydial major outer membrane protein and CTA2B was genetically constructed and antigens were targeted to the inner membrane of V. cholerae before ghost production by gene E-mediated lysis. Effective immunomodulation by CTA2B was demonstrated by the ability of the vaccine construct to enhance the activation and maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Also, C57BL/6 mice immunized via mucosal and systemic routes showed increased specific mucosal and systemic antibody and T-helper type-1 (Th1) responses, irrespective of the route. The enhanced production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 by genital mucosal and splenic T cells, indicated a predominantly Th1 response. Clearance of the Chlamydia muridarum vaginal infection was significantly enhanced by codelivery of the vaccine with CTA2B, with the intravaginal route showing a moderate advantage. These results indicate that the rVCG-based vaccine is capable of inducing cross-protection against heterologous chlamydial serovars and that incorporation of mucosal adjuvants, such as CTA2B in the rVCG delivery platform, may enhance protective immunity. C1 [Eko, Francis O.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Mania-Pramanik, Jayanti] Natl Inst Res Reprod Hlth, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Igietseme, Joseph U.; Black, Carolyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ananaba, Godwin A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Eko, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Biochem, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM feko@msm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI41231]; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [1 C06 RR18386] FX This work was supported by a Public Health Service grant AI41231 from the National Institutes of Health. The investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Grant #1 C06 RR18386 from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00493.x PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 404EM UT WOS:000263133600020 PM 19040663 ER PT J AU Bidawid, S Bosch, A Cook, N Greening, G Taylor, M Vinje, J AF Bidawid, S. Bosch, A. Cook, N. Greening, G. Taylor, M. Vinje, J. TI Untitled SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bosch, A.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Bidawid, S.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Cook, N.] Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Greening, G.] Kenepuru Sci Ctr, Porirua, New Zealand. [Taylor, M.] Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Vinje, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bosch, A (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. EM abosch@ub.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s12560-008-9000-7 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 613UV UT WOS:000279008500001 ER PT J AU Lieberman, DA Faigel, DO Logan, JR Mattek, N Holub, J Eisen, G Morris, C Smith, R Nadel, M AF Lieberman, David A. Faigel, Douglas O. Logan, Judith R. Mattek, Nora Holub, Jennifer Eisen, Glenn Morris, Cynthia Smith, Robert Nadel, Marion TI Assessment of the quality of colonoscopy reports: results from a multicenter consortium SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SURVEILLANCE COLONOSCOPY; ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; SCREENING COLONOSCOPY; VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; DATA SYSTEM; COMPLICATIONS AB Background: To improve colonoscopy quality, reports must include key quality indicators that can be monitored. Objective: To determine the quality of colonoscopy reports in diverse practice settings. Setting: The consortium of the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative, which includes 73 U.S. gastroenterology practice sites that use a structured computerized endoscopy report generator, which includes fields for specific quality indicators. Design: Prospective data collection from 2004 to 2006. Main Outcomes Measurements: Reports were queried to determine if specific quality indicators were recorded. Specific end points, including quality of bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, and detection of polyp(s) >9 mm in screening examinations were compared for 53 practices with more than 100 colonoscopy procedures per year. Results: Of the 438,521 reports received during the study period, 13.9% did not include bowel-preparation quality and 10.1% did not include comorbidity classification. The overall cecal intubation rate was 96.3%, but cecal landmarks were not recorded in 14% of the reports. Missing polyp descriptors included polyp size (4.9%) and morphology (14.7%). Reporting interventions for adverse events during the procedure varied from 0% to 6.5%. Among average-risk patients who received screening examinations, the detection rate Of polyps >9 mm, adjusted for age, sex, and race, was between 4% and 10% in 81% of practices. Limitation: Bias toward high rates of reporting because of the standard use of a computerized report generator. Conclusions: There is significant variation in the quality of colonoscopy reports across diverse practices, despite the use of a computerized report generator. Measurement of quality indicators in clinical practice can identify areas for quality improvement. (Gastrointest Endosc 2009-69;645-53.) C1 [Lieberman, David A.; Faigel, Douglas O.; Mattek, Nora; Holub, Jennifer; Eisen, Glenn] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Logan, Judith R.; Morris, Cynthia] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Smith, Robert] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nadel, Marion] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lieberman, DA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM lieberma@ohsu.edu FU NIDDK [UO1 DK5713Z]; American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX All authors disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this publication. This project was supported with funding from NIDDK UO1 DK5713Z, The American Cancer Society and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, the practice network (CORI) has received support from the following entities to support the infrastructure of the practice-based network: NR 37 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2008.08.034 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 416NG UT WOS:000264012200008 PM 19251005 ER PT J AU Day, KL McGuire, LC Anderson, LA AF Day, Kristine L. McGuire, Lisa C. Anderson, Lynda A. TI The CDC Healthy Brain Initiative: Public Health and Cognitive Impairment SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID OLDER-ADULTS; INTERVENTIONS; DEMENTIA; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; MEDICARE; OUTCOMES C1 [Day, Kristine L.; McGuire, Lisa C.; Anderson, Lynda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Day, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SPR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 639QY UT WOS:000280990600003 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Ladd, AMGZ Lopez-Leon, S Ioannidis, JPA Oostra, BA Khoury, MJ van Duijn, CM AF Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Ladd, Angela M. Gonzalez-Zuloeta Lopez-Leon, Sandra Ioannidis, John P. A. Oostra, Ben A. Khoury, Muin J. van Duijn, Cornelia M. TI An empirical comparison of meta-analyses of published gene-disease associations versus consortium analyses SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE breast neoplasm; genetics; association; epidemiologic methods; meta-analysis; bias; collaborations; methods ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR GENE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA; HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; DNA-REPAIR GENES; P53 CODON-72 POLYMORPHISM; DISMUTASE MNSOD GENE; NO ASSOCIATION; TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1 GENE AB Purpose: Consortia of investigators currently compile sufficiently large sample sizes to investigate the effects of low-risk susceptibility genetic variants. It is not clear how the results obtained by consortia compare-with those derived from meta-analyses of published studies. Methods: We performed meta-analyses of published data for 16 genetic polymorphisms investigated by the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, and compared sample sizes, heterogeneity, and effect sizes. PubMed, Web of Science, and Human Gerome Epidemiology Network databases were searched for breast cancer case-control association studies. Results: We found that theta-analyses of published data and consortium analyses were based on substantially different data. Published data by nonconsortium teams amounted on average to 26.9% of all available data (range 3.0 -50.0%). Both approaches showed statistically significant decreased breast cancer risks for CASP8 D302H. The mesa-analyses of published data demonstrated statistically significant results for five other genes and the consortium analyses for two other genes, but the strength of this evidence, evaluated on the basis of the Venice criteria, was not strong. Conclusions: Because both approaches identified the same gene out of 16 candidates, the methods can be complimentary. The expense and complexity of consortium-based studies should be considered vis-a-vis the potential methodological limitations of synthesis of published studies. Genet Med 2009:11(3):153-162. C1 [Janssens, A. Cecile J. W.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ladd, Angela M. Gonzalez-Zuloeta; Lopez-Leon, Sandra; Oostra, Ben A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Unit, Dept Epidemiol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ladd, Angela M. Gonzalez-Zuloeta; Lopez-Leon, Sandra; Oostra, Ben A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Postbox 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.janssens@erasmusmc.nl RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; janssens, cecile/L-1075-2015; OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 FU Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB); Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI); Netherlands Genomics Initiative FX This study was supported by the Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB) in the framework of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI). ACJW Janssens was supported by a fellowship from the Netherlands Genomics Initiative. NR 145 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181929237 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 423AH UT WOS:000264468300003 PM 19367188 ER PT J AU Backer, LC AF Backer, Lorraine C. TI Impacts of Florida red tides on coastal communities SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on State of the Research on Red Tide in the Gulf of Mexico CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Mote Marine Lab, Natl Oceanic & Atmospher Adm, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss Fish, Wildlife Res Inst DE Brevetoxin; Florida red tide; HAB economics; Human health; Red tide ID MARINE AEROSOL; HUMAN EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; TOXINS BREVETOXINS; PFIESTERIA; BREVIS; ASTHMA; SHELLFISH; EVENTS; RISK AB Over the last few decades, scientific research has helped to describe the disease neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) by identifying the causative organism, Karenia brevis, and by characterizing the disease-causing toxins, a suite of polyether toxins called brevetoxins. In addition to causing disease in exposed human populations, K. brevis blooms and associated management responses have been linked to other effects on coastal communities. Some of these effects are negative, such as the loss of tourism dollars and the increased burden on local health care services caused by increases in human disease incidence. However, some of the effects are positive, such as the significant improvement in detecting brevetoxins in environmental samples and clinical specimens. This review discusses the health and economic effects from K. brevis blooms on Florida coastal communities and the current efforts to identify the data needed to assess social and cultural effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfb9@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 SI SI BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.11.008 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425QG UT WOS:000264651600009 ER PT J AU Little, J Higgins, JPT Ioannidis, JPA Moher, D Gagnon, F von Elm, E Khoury, MJ Cohen, B Davey-Smith, G Grimshaw, J Scheet, P Gwinn, M Williamson, RE Zou, GY Hutchings, K Johnson, CY Tait, V Wiens, M Golding, J van Duijn, C McLaughlin, J Paterson, A Wells, G Fortier, I Freedman, M Zecevic, M King, R Infante-Rivard, C Stewart, AFR Birkett, N AF Little, Julian Higgins, Julian P. T. Ioannidis, John P. A. Moher, David Gagnon, France von Elm, Erik Khoury, Muin J. Cohen, Barbara Davey-Smith, George Grimshaw, Jeremy Scheet, Paul Gwinn, Marta Williamson, Robin E. Zou, Guang Yong Hutchings, Kim Johnson, Candice Y. Tait, Valerie Wiens, Miriam Golding, Jean van Duijn, Cornelia McLaughlin, John Paterson, Andrew Wells, George Fortier, Isabel Freedman, Matthew Zecevic, Maja King, Richard Infante-Rivard, Claire Stewart, Alex F. R. Birkett, Nick TI Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE Statement SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review DE Gene-disease associations; Genetics; Gene-environment interaction; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Reporting recommendations; Epidemiology; Genome-wide association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; COMPLEX DISEASES; PROSTATE-CANCER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. C1 [Little, Julian; Moher, David; Hutchings, Kim; Johnson, Candice Y.; Tait, Valerie; Wiens, Miriam; Birkett, Nick] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Little, Julian] Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Higgins, Julian P. T.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Ctr Genet Epidemiol & Modeling, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gagnon, France] Univ Toronto, CIHR New Investigator & Canada Res Chair Epidemio, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Biometry & Med Informat, German Cochrane Ctr, Freiburg, Germany. [Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Barbara] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Davey-Smith, George] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, MRC, Ctr Causal Anal Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Grimshaw, Jeremy] Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Canada Res Chair Hlth Knowledge Transfer & Uptake, Clin Epidemiol Program,Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Scheet, Paul] Univ Texas Houston, Dept Epidemiol, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Williamson, Robin E.] Amer Journal Human Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zou, Guang Yong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. [Golding, Jean] Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [van Duijn, Cornelia] European Journal Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [McLaughlin, John] Canc Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McLaughlin, John] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Paterson, Andrew] Hosp Sick Children, Canada Res Chair Genet Complex Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Wells, George] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Cardiovasc Res Methods Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Freedman, Matthew] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zecevic, Maja] Lancet, New York, NY USA. [Infante-Rivard, Claire] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Stewart, Alex F. R.] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Stewart, Alexandre/A-5677-2011; Grimshaw, Jeremy/D-8726-2013; McLaughlin, John/E-4577-2013; Zou, Guangyong/K-6408-2013; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206; Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164; Grimshaw, Jeremy/0000-0001-8015-8243; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; von Elm, Erik/0000-0002-7412-0406 NR 154 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 125 IS 2 BP 131 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s00439-008-0592-7 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 409HN UT WOS:000263496900003 PM 19184668 ER PT J AU Bienek, DR Loomis, LJ Biagini, RE AF Bienek, Diane R. Loomis, Lawrence J. Biagini, Raymond E. TI The anthrax vaccine No new tricks for an old dog SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Editorial Material DE anthrax; vaccine; immunity; protective antigen; antibody ID ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN PROTEIN; COVALENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; NASAL IMMUNIZATION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; TOXIN NEUTRALIZATION AB The original license for production of the anthrax vaccine, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was issued in 1970. Since that time, over 8 million AVA immunizations have been administered to 2+ million individuals. In 2002, the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, reviewed the safety and efficacy of AVA. They concluded that the vaccine is acceptably safe and effective in protecting humans against anthrax. The vaccine should protect people against all known strains of anthrax bacteria, as well as against any strains that might be created by potential terrorists or others. Although the Institute of Medicine concluded that AVA was reasonably safe, they noted that it is fairly common for people to experience local reactions ( e. g., redness and swelling at the injection site) and for a smaller number to experience systemic reactions such as fever and malaise, within hours or days of vaccination. Results of animal studies done previously and subsequent to this report are generally in agreement. For instance, AVA vaccination increases the level of anthrax anti-protective antigen IgG (anti-PA IgG), which is thought to be one possible correlate of protection (although absolute protective concentrations have not been identified in humans). Anthrax lethal factor neutralization has also been identified as possibly being an important additional correlate of immunity. Future vaccine research efforts include developing a recombinant anthrax vaccine and anthrax monoclonal antibodies to block the anthrax toxin(s). It is projected that the next-generation vaccine will elicit a markedly increased anti-anthrax immune response within a shorter time period and consequently, will enable the easier inoculations of individuals working within high-risk areas. C1 [Bienek, Diane R.] Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Bienek, Diane R.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Frederick, MD USA. [Loomis, Lawrence J.] New Horizons Diagnost Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Biagini, Raymond E.] NIOSH, Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM diane.bienek@med.navy.mil FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 432PR UT WOS:000265146800011 PM 19270504 ER PT J AU Ibegbu, CC Xu, YX Fillos, D Radziewicz, H Grakoui, A Kourtis, AP AF Ibegbu, Chris C. Xu, Yong-Xian Fillos, Dimitri Radziewicz, Henry Grakoui, Arash Kourtis, Athena P. TI Differential expression of CD26 on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during active, latent and resolved infection SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD26; CD8(+) T cells; T-cell markers; virus-specific ID VIRAL-INFECTIONS; MEMORY CELLS; GENERATION; LYMPHOCYTES; MATURATION; SUBSETS AB The hallmark of effective establishment of immune memory is the long-term memory cell that persists in the absence of antigen. To explore its characteristics, we investigated the differences between a resolved successful immune response, such as after influenza (flu) vaccination, and the state of chronic infection with persistent antigen, such as with cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to defective T-cell memory. Immunophenotypic analyses using multi-parameter flow cytometry and tetramer technology identified a unique pattern of CD26(high) expression among influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells, but not among CD8(+) T cells specific for CMV, EBV (three different epitopes) or HIV. The median percentage of CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 was 95.5% for influenza, but for cells specific for CMV, EBV and HIV it was 10.5%, 12%-19%, and 13.2%, respectively. These findings suggest that expression of CD26(high) may be a characteristic of a memory cell. CD26(high) expression correlates with expression of CD127, a marker of memory cells. Furthermore, CD26(high) cells can produce interleukin-2. These findings offer insight into the dynamics of T-cell differentiation, and they may offer a specific marker of a successfully developed memory CD8(+) T cell, that of CD26(high). This marker has the potential to be useful in studies of immune responses to infectious agents, and to new vaccine candidates. C1 [Ibegbu, Chris C.; Xu, Yong-Xian; Fillos, Dimitri] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Immunol Core Lab, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Radziewicz, Henry; Grakoui, Arash] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Radziewicz, Henry; Grakoui, Arash] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ibegbu, Chris C.; Xu, Yong-Xian; Fillos, Dimitri] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ibegbu, CC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Immunol Core Lab, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM cibegbu@rmy.emory.edu; apk3@cdc.gov FU CFAR [5P30A1050409]; Yerkes Research Center [RR-00165]; Public Health Service [K08 AI072191, AI070101] FX This work was supported by CFAR grant #5P30A1050409 to the Immunology Core Laboratory, Emory Vaccine Center. We would also like to acknowledge the support from Cancer Research Institute Investigator Award, Woodruff Health Sciences Fund, the Yerkes Research Center Base Grant RR-00165 and the Public Health Service [K08 AI072191 (HR), AI070101 (AG)]. The authors wish to thank Dr H. Pircher for kindly providing the antibody used to identify KLRG1 in this study, Dr J. Altman for the tetramers and Ms P. Bansil for help with statistical analysis. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 126 IS 3 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02899.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 402UN UT WOS:000263038700006 PM 18657205 ER PT J AU Kodani, M AF Kodani, M. TI Integrating High-Throughput and Genomics Technologies in Least Expected Places SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kodani, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibt1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S3 EP S4 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400009 ER PT J AU Borse, NN Hyder, AA AF Borse, N. N. Hyder, A. A. TI Call for more research on injury from the developing world: Results of a bibliometric analysis SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burden of disease; developing countries; injury prevention; road traffic injuries; unintentional injuries ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB Background & objectives: Injury prevention is a daunting health challenge as public health systems particularly in the developing world are least prepared to respond to this issue. In 2005, an estimated 5.4 million people worldwide died from injuries over 90 per cent in low- and middle-income countries. The main objective of this bibliometric analysis was to document injury literature published on low- and middle-income countries, and also to quantify literature on road traffic injuries by countries before and after the World Health Day on Road Safety celebrated in April 2004. Methods: A systematic search was done using MeSH terms on PubMed. Papers on road traffic injuries were assessed by country/cluster and by publication date for two periods (March 2001 - March 2004) and (April 2004 - April 2007). The rate of articles published per million population was calculated. Finally, a comparison was made between disease burden in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and quantum of papers published. The search was performed on April 29, 2007. Results: PubMed had 8.26 million articles listed; of which, 72 per cent were in English and only 2 per cent were on unintentional injuries. For papers in all languages including English on road traffic injuries, 41 per cent were from US, 36 per cent from Europe (other than Eastern Europe). Two most populous countries, China and India contributed only 0.9 and 0.7 per cent papers on road traffic injuries, respectively. On neoplasm there were 280 articles published per million population whereas for road traffic injuries, rate was 4 articles per million population. Northern Africa, India and China had less than one article on road traffic injuries per 1,000 road traffic related deaths. The percentage change in English papers on road traffic injuries for the period 2004-2007 in comparison to period 2001-2004 was +191 per cent for China, +118 per cent for India, and +106 per cent for Middle East. Unintentional injuries overall represented 18 per cent of the burden in terms of DALYs and represented only 2 per cent of all published articles. Interpretation & conclusion: The results noticeably reflected the small proportion of papers on injuries, the dominance of US, and the apparent increase in percentage of road traffic injuries papers from low- and middle-income countries after World Health Day on Road Safety in 2004. Policies on injury prevention and safety in developing countries will be effective if based on local evidence and research, and designed to suit the social, political, and economic circumstances found in developing countries. C1 [Borse, N. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Int Injury Res Unit, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Borse, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nborse@cdc.gov RI Borse, Nagesh/A-9276-2009 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 129 IS 3 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 450IF UT WOS:000266393500018 PM 19491427 ER PT J AU Leiss, JK Sousa, S Boal, WL AF Leiss, Jack K. Sousa, Sara Boal, Winifred L. TI Circumstances Surrounding Occupational Blood Exposure Events in the National Study to Prevent Blood Exposure in Paramedics SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Needlestick; Paramedic; Blood exposure; Occupational exposure; Prehospital; Survey ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; ORGANIZATIONAL-CLIMATE; PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; SHARPS INJURIES; SAFETY DEVICES; NURSES; RISK; PRECAUTIONS; EQUIPMENT AB More than 20% of U.S. paramedics are exposed to blood each year. Little is known about the circumstances that lead to these exposures. The objective of this study was to describe blood exposure events among U.S. paramedics. A mail survey was conducted in 2002-2003 among a nationally representative sample of licensed paramedics. Eighty percent of needle/lancet sticks involved non-safety devices. A third of mucous membrane exposures occurred even though the paramedic was wearing eye or face protection; in half of the events, the exposures were caused by the patient vomiting, spitting, or coughing up blood; in a third of the events, the patient was being uncooperative or combative. In 83% of the non-intact skin exposures, the paramedic was wearing disposable gloves; the non-intact skin was covered before the call in a third of the events, but the cover did not prevent exposure; 40% of the events occurred when the patient was being uncooperative or combative. These results suggest that blood exposure among paramedics could be reduced through increased use of safety devices and personal protective equipment, improved engineering and design, and increased compliance with Universal Precautions, and that paramedics need techniques for avoiding blood exposure while treating uncooperative or combative patients. C1 [Leiss, Jack K.] Cedar Grove Inst Sustainable Communities, Epidemiol Res Program, Mebane, NC 27302 USA. [Sousa, Sara] Constella Grp LLC, Ctr Hlth Res, Durham, NC USA. [Boal, Winifred L.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Leiss, JK (reprint author), Cedar Grove Inst Sustainable Communities, Epidemiol Res Program, 6919 Lee St, Mebane, NC 27302 USA. FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01 OH04266-01] FX This study was supported by cooperative agreement number U01 OH04266-01 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors thank Michael Day and Orange County (North Carolina) EMS for assistance with understanding the study population, Ginger Parker for assistance with questionnaire development, Nancy Steiner for help with the California survey, and the members of the study team: Dr. Jennifer M. Ratcliffe, Jennifer T. Lyden, and Dr. Janine Jagger. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 427KC UT WOS:000264777200006 PM 19367042 ER PT J AU Patel, AS White-Comstock, MB Woolard, CD Perz, JF AF Patel, Ami S. White-Comstock, Mary Beth Woolard, C. Diane Perz, Joseph F. TI Infection Control Practices in Assisted Living Facilities: A Response to Hepatitis B Virus Infection Outbreaks SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 03-07, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; CONTROL PROGRAM; TRANSMISSION AB BACKGROUND. The medical needs of the approximately 1 million persons residing in assisted living facilities (ALFs) continually become more demanding. Moreover, the number of ALF residents is expected to double by 2030. ALFs are not subject to federal oversight; state regulations that govern ALF infection control are variable. In 2005, two outbreaks of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in ALFs in Virginia were associated with sharing fingerstick devices used in blood glucose monitoring. OBJECTIVE. To characterize infection control practices, determine compliance with guidelines, and identify educational and policy needs in ALFs in Virginia. METHODS. Following the outbreaks of HBV infection, educational packets were sent to ALFs in Virginia to inform them of infection control guidelines and recommendations regarding glucose monitoring. A follow-up survey consisting of on-site interviews was conducted in a random sample of ALFs. Differences among infection control practices, according to the size and ownership of the ALFs, were assessed. RESULTS. Fifty of 155 ALFs in central Virginia were surveyed. Of the 45 ALFs that had used fingerstick devices, 7 (16%) had shared these devices (without cleaning) between residents. Sharing practices for glucose monitoring equipment did not differ by facility size or ownership. Of all 50 ALFs, 17 (34%) did not offer employees HBV vaccine. HBV vaccine was less frequently offered at ALFs that had fewer than 50 residents, compared with ALFs with at least 50 residents (P < .01), and HBV vaccine was less frequently offered at ALFs that were individually owned, compared with those that were not individually owned (P = .02) CONCLUSIONS. Despite outreach and long-standing recommendations, approximately 1 in 6 facilities shared fingerstick devices, and more than one-third of ALFs surveyed were considered noncompliant with federal guidelines (Occupational Safety and Health Administration Bloodborne Pathogens Standard). Public health and licensing agencies should work with ALFs to implement infection control measures and prevent disease transmission. C1 [Patel, Ami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Perz, Joseph F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Patel, Ami S.; White-Comstock, Mary Beth; Woolard, C. Diane] Virginia Dept Hlth, Div Surveillance & Invest, Richmond, VA USA. RP Patel, AS (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, 500 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM app8@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1086/595693 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 406XL UT WOS:000263328100001 PM 19193126 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Thompson, A Ristaino, P Chapman, L Nicholson, A Sim, BT Lessa, F Sharapov, U Fadden, E Boehler, R Gould, C Limbago, B Blythe, D McDonald, LC AF Kallen, Alexander J. Thompson, Angela Ristaino, Polly Chapman, Leigh Nicholson, Ainsley Sim, Bich-Thuy Lessa, Fernanda Sharapov, Umid Fadden, Elaine Boehler, Richard Gould, Carolyn Limbago, Brandi Blythe, David McDonald, L. Clifford TI Complete Restriction of Fluoroquinolone Use to Control an Outbreak of Clostridium difficile Infection at a Community Hospital SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; RISK-FACTORS; DIARRHEA; DISEASE; STRAIN; EPIDEMIC; CLINDAMYCIN; TOXIN; ASSOCIATION; EMERGENCE AB OBJECTIVE. To review the effect of interventions, including a complete restriction in the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs), used to control an outbreak of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (HO-CDI) caused primarily by the epidemic North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 strain. DESIGN. Retrospective cohort and case-control study of all episodes of HO-CDI both before and after 2 interventions. SETTING. Community hospital; January 1, 2005, through March 31, 2007. INTERVENTIONS. Complete, 5-month, facility-wide restriction of fluoroquinolone use, during which a change in the environmental-services contractor occurred. RESULTS. During a 27-month period, 319 episodes of HO-CDI occurred. The hospital-wide mean defined daily doses of antimicrobials decreased 22% after restricting FQ use, primarily because of a 66% decrease in the use of FQs. The interventions were also associated with a significant change in the HO-CDI incidence trends and with an absolute decrease of 22% in HO-CDI cases caused by the epidemic strain (from 66% before the intervention period to 44% during and after the intervention period; P = .02). Univariate analysis revealed that case patients with HO-CDI due to the epidemic strain were more likely than control patients, who did not have diarrhea, to receive a FQ, whereas case patients with HO-CDI due to a nonepidemic strain were not. However, FQ use was not significantly associated with HO-CDI in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS. An outbreak of epidemic-strain HO-CDI was controlled at a community hospital after an overall decrease in antimicrobial use, primarily because of a restriction of FQ use and a change in environmental-services contractors. The restriction of FQ use may be useful as an adjunct control measure in a healthcare facilities during outbreaks of epidemic-strain HO-CDI. C1 [Kallen, Alexander J.; Thompson, Angela; Nicholson, Ainsley; Sim, Bich-Thuy; Lessa, Fernanda; Gould, Carolyn; Limbago, Brandi; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kallen, Alexander J.; Lessa, Fernanda; Sharapov, Umid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sharapov, Umid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ristaino, Polly; Chapman, Leigh; Fadden, Elaine; Boehler, Richard] St Joseph Med Ctr, Towson, MD USA. [Blythe, David] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKallen@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1086/595694 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 406XL UT WOS:000263328100009 PM 19215193 ER PT J AU Vinayak, S Rathore, D Kariuki, S Slutsker, L Shi, YP Villegas, L Escalante, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Vinayak, Sumiti Rathore, Dharmendar Kariuki, Simon Slutsker, Laurence Shi, Ya Ping Villegas, Leopoldo Escalante, Ananias A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Limited genetic variation in the Plasmodium falciparum heme detoxification protein (HDP) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; Heme detoxification protein (HDP); Intron 1; AT/ATTT repeats; Chloroquine (CQ); Chloroquine sensitive (CQS); Chloroquine resistant (CQR) ID MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; POLICY; AREA AB Malaria parasites infecting host red blood cells degrade hemoglobin by detoxifying heme into hemozoin. This conversion of heme to hemozoin is performed by a potent protein called heme detoxification protein (HDP), making HDP an attractive target for antimalarial drug development. We studied the genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum HDP and also investigated if HDP due to its involvement in the heme detoxification pathway is under any potential chloroquine (CQ) selection pressure. We sequenced the complete HDP gene encompassing three exons and two introns (AT and ATTT repeats in intron 1; AT repeats in intron 2) from five P. falciparum laboratory strains with known CQ sensitivity and 50 field isolates from Venezuela (n = 26) and Kenya (n = 24), with high levels of CQ resistance. Sequencing revealed two mutations, C41F and F91L in exon 1 and exon 2, respectively. The F41 mutation was present only in the CQ sensitive (CQS) HB3 strain. However, all the isolates harbored the 91L mutation, except for the CQS 3D7 strain. The sequencing of the intron 2 region revealed no variation in the number of AT repeats. In contrast, there was a wide variation in the AT and ATTT repeats in intron 1. Overall with respect to the intron 1 repeats, the Venezuelan isolates (Expected heterozygosity, He = 0.685) showed less genetic variation as compared to the Kenyan isolates (He = 0.986). Furthermore, we also genotyped the 72-76 codons of the pfcrt gene but did not observe any correlation of the pfcrt CQ resistant genotypes (SVMNT or CVIET) with variation in the HDP, thus indicating HDP not to be under any CQ selection pressure. In conclusion, HDP is a conserved target for future antimalarial development. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vinayak, Sumiti; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vinayak, Sumiti] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rathore, Dharmendar] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Kariuki, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Villegas, Leopoldo] Asociac Civil Impacto Social, Tumeremo, Venezuela. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch,Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov RI Vinayak, Sumiti/F-9395-2013 FU CDC Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF); Atlanta VA Medical Center FX We thank the CDC Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF), Atlanta VA Medical Center, for the funding and support of this work. We thank the Director of Kenya Medical Research Institute for giving permission to publish this work. We also wish to thank Ira Goldman and Amanda Poe for the critical review of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.12.004 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 417BL UT WOS:000264049400019 PM 19135554 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ Jernigan, JA AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. Jernigan, John A. TI Staphylococcal Infections Preface SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS A 35 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RGorwitz@cdc.gov; JJernigan@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP IX EP X DI 10.1016/j.idc.2008.11.001 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 406TC UT WOS:000263316800001 PM 19135912 ER PT J AU Brammer, L Budd, A Cox, N AF Brammer, Lynnette Budd, Alicia Cox, Nancy TI Seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance considerations for constructing multicomponent systems SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Review DE Influenza; morbidity surveillance; mortality surveillance; novel influenza Lambda viruses; virologic surveillance ID UNITED-STATES; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; A VIRUS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; TRANSMISSION; WORLDWIDE; DISEASE; BURDEN; H9N2 AB Surveillance for influenza is essential for the selection of influenza vaccine components and detection of human infections with novel influenza A viruses that may signal the start of a pandemic. Virologic surveillance provides the foundation from which this information can be obtained. However, morbidity and mortality data are needed to better understand the burden of disease, which, in turn, can provide useful information for policy makers relevant to the allocation of resources for prevention and control efforts. Data on the impact of influenza can be used to identify groups at increased risk for severe influenza-related complications, develop prevention and control policies, and monitor the effect of these policies. Influenza surveillance systems frequently monitor outpatient illness, hospitalizations, and deaths, but selection of influenza surveillance components should be based on the surveillance goals and objectives of the jurisdiction. C1 [Brammer, Lynnette; Budd, Alicia; Cox, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brammer, L (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mailstop A32,1600 Clifton RD,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsb1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00077.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SF UT WOS:000267762000001 PM 19496841 ER PT J AU Brown, IH Capua, I Cattoli, G Chen, HL Cox, N Davis, CT Donis, RO Fouchier, RAM Garten, R Guan, Y Hay, A Kawaoka, Y Mackenzie, J McCauley, J Mumford, E Olsen, C Perdue, ML Russell, CA Smith, C Smith, D Smith, GJD Shu, Y Tashiro, M Vijaykrishna, D Webster, R AF Brown, Ian H. Capua, Ilaria Cattoli, Giovanni Chen, Hualan Cox, Nancy Davis, C. Todd Donis, Ruben O. Fouchier, Ron A. M. Garten, Rebecca Guan, Yi Hay, Alan Kawaoka, Yoshihiro Mackenzie, John McCauley, John Mumford, Elizabeth Olsen, Christopher Perdue, Michael L. Russell, Colin A. Smith, Catherine Smith, Derek Smith, Gavin J. D. Shu, Yuelong Tashiro, Masato Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran Webster, Robert CA WHO OIE FAO H5N1 Evolution Workin TI Continuing progress towards a unified nomenclature for the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses: divergence of clade 2.2 viruses SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Letter DE H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza; molecular epidemiology; nomenclature; phylogenetics; viral evolution ID SEPARATE INTRODUCTIONS C1 [Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Influenza Div, NCIRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brown, Ian H.] Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Capua, Ilaria; Cattoli, Giovanni] Inst Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie, Padua, Italy. [Fouchier, Ron A. M.] Erasmus Univ, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Guan, Yi; Smith, Gavin J. D.; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Hay, Alan; McCauley, John] Natl Inst Med Res, MRC, London NW7 1AA, England. [Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Olsen, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Kawaoka, Yoshihiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Mackenzie, John] Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Mumford, Elizabeth] WHO, GIP, EPR, Geneva, Switzerland. [Perdue, Michael L.] HHS, Washington, DC USA. [Russell, Colin A.; Smith, Derek] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Shu, Yuelong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tashiro, Masato] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. [Webster, Robert] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Influenza Div, NCIRD, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS-G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov; gjsmith@hku.hk RI Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran/D-1011-2010; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; OI Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran/0000-0003-3293-6279; Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; Mumford, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9548-9675; Russell, Colin/0000-0002-2113-162X NR 7 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00078.x PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SF UT WOS:000267762000002 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO AF Karacan, C. Oezgen TI Reservoir rock properties of coal measure strata of the Lower Monongahela Group, Greene County (Southwestern Pennsylvania), from methane control and production perspectives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reservoir characterization; Monongahela Group; Greene County; Appalachian basin; Wellbore logs; Geomechanical properties; Permeability ID FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; MINES; PREDICTION; OVERBURDEN; EMISSIONS; PANEL; WAVE AB The methane emission rate into an underground mine environment from overburden strata during longwall mining is impacted by reservoir and geomechanical characteristics of the coal measure rocks in the overlying strata, as well as the presence of any coal seam. The reservoir characteristics and how they change during mining potentially affect the performance of gob gas ventholes, which consequently impacts the efficiency of methane control in the mining environment. This study presents reservoir and elastic properties of coal measure rocks in the Lower Monongahela Group in Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania, of the Northern Appalachian Basin. Since the source of methane in this region from underground mining is located between the Sewickley coal and the Pittsburgh coal, a specific emphasis was given to this interval. Core analyses were performed in the laboratory to determine rock porosity and permeability. Geophysical logging data (gamma, density, sonic) obtained from two exploration boreholes were used for evaluating formation boundaries, shale contents, log porosities, and geomechanical properties of formations. Permeability was also calculated using density-log data and empirical equations and compared with laboratory measurements and slug tests performed in isolated intervals of boreholes. The results presented in this study can be used as data sources for reservoir studies related to the production and control of methane. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CDC, NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Disaster Prevent & Response Branch, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Disaster Prevent & Response Branch, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 47 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2008.10.005 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 420BK UT WOS:000264263200005 ER PT J AU Kahende, JW Adhikari, B Maurice, E Rock, V Malarcher, A AF Kahende, Jennifer W. Adhikari, Bishwa Maurice, Emmanuel Rock, Valerie Malarcher, Ann TI Disparities in Health Care Utilization by Smoking Status - NHANES 1999-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Smoking; tobacco use; health care; cessation; utilization ID UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FORMER SMOKERS; MEDICAL-CARE; CESSATION; IMPACT; COSTS; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB The objective of this study was to assess disparities in health care utilization, by smoking status, among adults in the United States. We used 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) data from 15,332 adults. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between smoking status ( current, former, and never smoker), with health care utilization. After controlling for demographic characteristics, current smokers and former smokers who quit either <2 years or >= 10 years prior to the survey were more likely to have had inpatient admission in the past year than never smokers. Current smokers did not differ from never smokers on whether they had an outpatient visit in the past year. They were, however, more likely than never smokers to have >= 4 outpatient visits. Smokers who quit either <2 years ago or >= 10 years ago were more likely to have had an outpatient visit than never smokers. Former smokers were more likely than never smokers to have >4 outpatient visits regardless of when they quit. Our results show that cigarette smoking is associated with higher health care utilization for current and former smokers than for never smokers. Frequent hospitalization and outpatient visits translate into higher medical costs. Therefore, more efforts are needed to promote interventions that discourage smoking initiation and encourage cessation. C1 [Kahende, Jennifer W.; Adhikari, Bishwa; Maurice, Emmanuel; Rock, Valerie; Malarcher, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kahende, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jkahende@cdc.gov; Badhikari@cdc.gov; Emaurice@cdc.gov; Vrock@cdc.gov; Amalarcher@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1095 EP 1106 DI 10.3390/ijerph6031095 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 451BJ UT WOS:000266445400018 PM 19440435 ER PT J AU Wan, EY Moyer, CA Harlow, SD Fan, ZT Jie, Y Yang, HX AF Wan, Ellen Y. Moyer, Cheryl A. Harlow, Sioban D. Fan, Zitian Jie, Yan Yang, Huixia TI Postpartum depression and traditional postpartum care in China: Role of Zuoyuezi SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE China; Postnatal depression; Postpartum care; Postpartum depression; Urban; Zuoyuezi ID POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; ILLNESS; VERSION; STRESS; COHORT; SCALE AB Objective: To determine the relationship between the traditional Chinese practice of postpartum care, known as zuoyuezi, and postpartum depression (PPD) in China. Methods: A total of 342 Chinese women were surveyed 6- to 8-weeks post partum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and items assessing sociodemographics, health history, peripartum experiences, zuoyuezi, and social support. Results: Prevalence of PPD was 15.5% (EPDS cutoff >= 13). PPD was associated with lower income, difficult pregnancy experience, poor infant health status, not attending childbirth classes, and low spousal involvement before and after delivery. Among the 96% of women who practiced zuoyuezi, those for whom the caregiver was her mother-in-law or who perceived zuoyuezi as unhelpful had twice the odds of PPD. Conclusion: These data highlight the importance of the peripartum experience in assessing PPD risk. Zuoyuezi is still commonly practiced in urban China, and further research is needed to explore its role in the potential prevention of PPD. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. C1 [Moyer, Cheryl A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Global REACH, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Wan, Ellen Y.; Harlow, Sioban D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Wan, Ellen Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moyer, Cheryl A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Fan, Zitian; Jie, Yan; Yang, Huixia] Peking Univ, Hosp 1, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Moyer, CA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Global REACH, 717 E Huron,Suite 1E, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM camoyer@umich.edu; yanghuixia@bjmu.edu.cn RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X FU National Institutes of Health [T37 MD001425-08] FX National Institutes of Health funding was used for this study (T37 MD001425-08). NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 3 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.10.016 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 419YM UT WOS:000264255600010 PM 19036364 ER PT J AU Moro, P Schantz, PM AF Moro, Pedro Schantz, Peter M. TI Echinococcosis: a review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Cystic echinococcosis; Alveolar echinococcosis; Polycystic echinococcosis; Epidemiology; Prevention; Zoonoses ID HUMAN CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HYDATID-DISEASE; POLYCYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE; E-MULTILOCULARIS; RISK-FACTORS; ALBENDAZOLE; GRANULOSUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Echinococcosis in humans occurs as a result of infection by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. In this review we discuss aspects of the biology, life cycle, etiology, distribution, and transmission of the Echinococcus organisms, and the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and effect of improved diagnosis of the diseases they cause. New sensitive and specific diagnostic methods and effective therapeutic approaches against echinococcosis have been developed in the last 10 years. Despite some progress in the control of echinococcosis, this zoonosis continues to be a major public health problem in several countries, and in several others it constitutes an emerging and re-emerging disease. (C) 2008 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moro, Pedro] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moro, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmoro@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 227 Z9 260 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.037 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 426KM UT WOS:000264707200003 PM 18938096 ER PT J AU Abbadi, S El Hadidy, G Gornaa, N Cooksey, R AF Abbadi, Said El Hadidy, G. Gornaa, N. Cooksey, Robert TI Strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from sputum of pulmonary tuberculosis patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pulmonary tuberculosis; IS6110 RFLP; Spoligotyping ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; EGYPT; RECOMMENDATIONS; NETHERLANDS; MENINGITIS; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; FAMILY AB Objective: This study represents an early attempt to determine the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Egypt, particularly of drug-resistant strains. Methods: We characterized 45 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from sputum samples of Egyptian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in order to establish a database of strain types and antimicrobial. susceptibility patterns. Results: One Mycobacterium bovis and 44 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the oxyR gene. Twenty-five (56.8%) of the 44 MTB isolates were susceptible in vitro to all anti-tuberculosis drugs tested; five (11.4%) were mono-resistant to isoniazid or streptomycin (four were resistant to streptomycin and only one was resistant to isoniazid) and 14 (31.8%) were resistant to more than one drug (multidrug-resistant, MDR). Among the 44 MTB isolates tested by RFLP analysis in this study, 40 different RFLP patterns were obtained. The number of IS6110 copies ranged from 5 to 16. Studying the IS6110 RFLP patterns indicated that the 44 isolates did not cluster together but were generally scattered. None of the 14 MDR isolates were clustered. Twenty-two different spoligotypes were identified among the 44 MTB isolates, of which 13 were unique. The remaining 31 isolates were grouped into nine clusters of strains sharing identical spoligotypes. Conclusions: We have demonstrated evidence of diversity among the drug-susceptible and resistant MTB strains. Continued surveillance for strains of MTB involved in pulmonary tuberculosis in Egypt, and especially for drug-resistant strains, is warranted. (C) 2008 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abbadi, Said; El Hadidy, G.; Gornaa, N.] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med, Ismailia 41111, Egypt. [Cooksey, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cooksey, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abbadi, S (reprint author), Suez Canal Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med, Circuit Rd, Ismailia 41111, Egypt. EM saidabbadi@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.06.020 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 426KM UT WOS:000264707200020 PM 18838283 ER PT J AU Helms, DJ Weinstock, HS Mahle, KC Bernstein, KT Furness, BW Kent, CK Rietmeijer, CA Shahkolahi, AM Hughes, JP Golden, MR AF Helms, Donna J. Weinstock, Hillard S. Mahle, Kristen C. Bernstein, Kyle T. Furness, Bruce W. Kent, Charlotte K. Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Shahkolahi, Akbar M. Hughes, James P. Golden, Matthew R. TI HIV Testing Frequency Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics: Implications for HIV Prevention and Surveillance SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Conference CY MAR 10-14, 2008 CL Chicago, IL DE MSM; frequency of HIV testing ID RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; HARM REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; SEROSTATUS; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To describe trends in the occurrence and frequency of HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving care in 4 US sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and to define factors associated with HIV testing frequency and positivity. Study Design: Routine clinical encounters during 57,131 visits by MSM to STD clinics in 4 cities (Seattle-King County, San Francisco, Denver, and District of columbia), 2002-2006, were examined. Results: From 2002 to 2006, a city-specific median of 69.1% of presumptive HIV-uninfected MSM were tested for HIV, of which, a median of 86.7% had previously tested (4.5% unknown) and a median of 3.9% were newly diagnosed with HIV Between 2002 and 2006, the median percentage of tested MSM who reported no previous HIV testing decreased from 9.4% to 5.4% (P=0.01) and the city-specific median intertest interval decreased from 302 to 243 days (P=0.03). Among MSM with newly diagnosed HIV, the median intertest interval decreased from 531 days in 2002 to 287 days in 2006 (P=0.001). Predictors of newly diagnosed HIV infection included the following: younger age, longer intertest interval, black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, clinic in San Francisco, and concurrent diagnosis with a bacterial STD. Conclusions: In MSM seen at 4 STD clinics, the percentage of never previously HIV tested is decreasing and MSM are testing more frequently. C1 [Helms, Donna J.; Weinstock, Hillard S.; Mahle, Kristen C.; Furness, Bruce W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Bernstein, Kyle T.; Kent, Charlotte K.] San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Furness, Bruce W.] Washington DC Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Pr, Washington, DC USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. [Shahkolahi, Akbar M.] Whitman Walker Clin, Washington, DC USA. [Hughes, James P.; Golden, Matthew R.] Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP Helms, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dhelms@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 415FX UT WOS:000263920800012 PM 19194309 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Zhou, YT Jain, R Lemire, SW Fox, S Sabourin, P Barr, JR AF Johnson, Rudolph C. Zhou, Yingtao Jain, Ram Lemire, Sharon W. Fox, Shannon Sabourin, Pat Barr, John R. TI Quantification of L-Abrine in Human and Rat Urine: A Biomarker for the Toxin Abrin SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LECTINS ABRIN; RICIN; TOXICITY; ACIDS C1 [Johnson, Rudolph C.; Zhou, Yingtao; Jain, Ram; Lemire, Sharon W.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fox, Shannon; Sabourin, Pat] Battelle Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rmj6@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 415HM UT WOS:000263924900002 PM 19239732 ER PT J AU Endimiani, A Hujer, AM Perez, F Bethel, CR Hujer, KM Kroeger, J Oethinger, M Paterson, DL Adams, MD Jacobs, MR Diekema, DJ Hall, GS Jenkins, SG Rice, LB Tenover, FC Bonomo, RA AF Endimiani, Andrea Hujer, Andrea M. Perez, Federico Bethel, Christopher R. Hujer, Kristine M. Kroeger, Jennifer Oethinger, Margret Paterson, David L. Adams, Mark D. Jacobs, Michael R. Diekema, Daniel J. Hall, Gerri S. Jenkins, Stephen G. Rice, Louis B. Tenover, Fred C. Bonomo, Robert A. TI Characterization of bla(KPC)-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates detected in different institutions in the Eastern USA SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE carbapenemases; ESBLs; Enterobacteriaceae; PFGE; rep-PCR ID HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE; CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT STRAIN; NEW-YORK-CITY; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; MEDICAL-CENTER; KPC-2; EMERGENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BLA(KPC); BROOKLYN AB The emergence of bla(KPC)-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) isolates is attracting significant attention. Outbreaks in the Eastern USA have created serious treatment and infection control problems. A comparative multi-institutional analysis of these strains has not yet been performed. We analysed 42 KPC-Kp recovered during 2006-07 from five institutions located in the Eastern USA. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, analytical isoelectric focusing (aIEF), PCR and sequencing of bla genes, PFGE and rep-PCR were performed. By in vitro testing, KPC-Kp isolates were highly resistant to all non-carbapenem beta-lactams (MIC(90)s >= 128 mg/L). Among carbapenems, MIC(50/90)s were 4/64 mg/L for imipenem and meropenem, 4/32 mg/L for doripenem and 8/128 for ertapenem. Combinations of clavulanate or tazobactam with a carbapenem or cefepime did not significantly lower the MIC values. Genetic analysis revealed that the isolates possessed the following bla genes: bla(KPC-2) (59.5%), bla(KPC-3) (40.5%), bla(TEM-1) (90.5%), bla(SHV-11) (95.2%) and bla(SHV-12) (50.0%). aIEF of crude beta-lactamase extracts from these strains supported our findings, showing beta-lactamases at pIs of 5.4, 7.6 and 8.2. The mean number of beta-lactamases was 3.5 (range 3-5). PFGE demonstrated that 32 (76.2%) isolates were clonally related (type A). Type A KPC-Kp isolates (20 bla(KPC-2) and 12 bla(KPC-3)) were detected in each of the five institutions. rep-PCR showed patterns consistent with PFGE. We demonstrated the complex beta-lactamase background of KPC-Kp isolates that are emerging in multiple centres in the Eastern USA. The prevalence of a single dominant clone suggests that interstate transmission has occurred. C1 [Endimiani, Andrea; Hujer, Andrea M.; Bethel, Christopher R.; Hujer, Kristine M.; Rice, Louis B.; Bonomo, Robert A.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Res Serv, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Endimiani, Andrea; Hujer, Kristine M.] Case Sch Med, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Perez, Federico] Univ Hosp, Case Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Kroeger, Jennifer; Diekema, Daniel J.] Univ Iowa Healthcare, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Oethinger, Margret; Hall, Gerri S.] Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Paterson, David L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Adams, Mark D.] Case Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jacobs, Michael R.] Case Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jenkins, Stephen G.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bonomo, Robert A.] Case Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bonomo, Robert A.] Case Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Bonomo, RA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Res Serv, 10701 E Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM robert.bonomo@med.va.gov RI Paterson, David/A-9258-2010; OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724 FU AstraZeneca; National Institutes of Health [RO1-AI063517, RO1-AI045626]; Veterans Affairs Merit Review Program; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care [VISN 10] FX This work was supported in part by AstraZeneca (to A. E. and R. A. B.), the National Institutes of Health (grant RO1-AI063517 to R. A. B. and grant RO1-AI045626 to L. B. R.), the Veterans Affairs Merit Review Program (L. B. R. and R. A. B.) and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care VISN 10 (R. A. B.). NR 52 TC 125 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn547 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 408FA UT WOS:000263419700002 PM 19155227 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MD Pimenta, FC Gertz, RE Joshi, HH Trujillo, AA Keys, LE Findley, J Moura, IS Park, IH Hollingshead, SK Pilishvili, T Whitney, CG Nahm, MH Beall, BW AF Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Pimenta, Fabiana C. Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Joshi, Hari Har Trujillo, Alma A. Keys, Logan E. Findley, Joy Moura, Iaci S. Park, In H. Hollingshead, Susan K. Pilishvili, Tamara Whitney, Cynthia G. Nahm, Moon H. Beall, Bernard W. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI PCR-Based Quantitation and Clonal Diversity of the Current Prevalent Invasive Serogroup 6 Pneumococcal Serotype, 6C, in the United States in 1999 and 2006 to 2007 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; LOCUS AB Following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to the United States, rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotype 6A declined among all age groups, while rates of IPD caused by newly identified serotype 6C increased slightly among persons 5 years of age and older. Conventionally serotyped 6A isolates (CS6As) from active population-based surveillance during 1999 and 2006 to 2007 were classified as serotypes 6A and 6C by an expedient and highly accurate serotype 6C-specific PCR assay developed during this study. PCR testing of 636 year 1999, 2006, and 2007 CS6As revealed 6C proportions of 35/214 (16.4%), 141/218 (64.7%), and 141/204 (69.1%), respectively. These results agreed with those from a previously devised monoclonal antibody-based serotyping system (346 CS6As compared). Type 6C IPD incidence significantly increased during 2006 and 2007 compared to during 1999 (0.57 to 0.58 cases per 100,000 and 0.22 cases per 100,000, respectively; 164% increase from 1999 to 2007 [95% confidence interval, 87 to 270%]), while rates of IPD due to types 6A and 6B markedly decreased. In 2007, 31.2% of 6C isolates were not susceptible to penicillin. Serotype 6C is now the predominant serotype associated with serogroup 6 IPD in the United States and is often penicillin nonsusceptible. We performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on a limited sampling of 6C isolates with different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. MLST of 42 6C isolates revealed 12 genotypes distributed among six distinct genetic groups. Fifteen 6C isolates shared one of four different MLST types with 6C-negative CS6As. MLST results suggest 6C strains arose from independent recombination events involving only serotype 6A and 6C parental strains. C1 [Carvalho, Maria da Gloria; Pimenta, Fabiana C.; Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Joshi, Hari Har; Trujillo, Alma A.; Keys, Logan E.; Findley, Joy; Moura, Iaci S.; Pilishvili, Tamara; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Park, In H.; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hollingshead, Susan K.; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Beall, BW (reprint author), Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM BBeall@CDC.gov OI Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 NR 14 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 554 EP 559 DI 10.1128/JCM.01919-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 413UU UT WOS:000263818800006 ER PT J AU Worrall, JL Hiromoto, S Merritt, N Du, D Jacobson, JO Iguchi, MY AF Worrall, John L. Hiromoto, Scott Merritt, Nancy Du, Dan Jacobson, Jerry O. Iguchi, Martin Y. TI Crime trends and the effect of mandated drug treatment: Evidence from California's Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act SO JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE LA English DT Article AB The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (SACPA), implemented statewide in California in July 2001, mandates drug treatment rather than incarceration for certain nonviolent drug offenders. Critics of the legislation suggest that crime increased as a result of the legislation, but researchers have largely ignored this issue. Utilizing time series methodology applied across several independent data sets from Orange County, California, the effects of SACPA on crime were assessed. Results indicate that significant increases in commercial burglaries and paraphernalia arrests may have been attributed to SACPA, but the overall pattern does not support a conclusion that crime increased markedly. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Worrall, John L.] Univ Texas Dallas, Criminol Program, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Hiromoto, Scott; Du, Dan; Iguchi, Martin Y.] Rand Drug Policy Res Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Merritt, Nancy] Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. [Jacobson, Jerry O.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Off Cent Amer & Panama, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Iguchi, Martin Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. RP Worrall, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Criminol Program, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM Worrall@utdallas.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0047-2352 J9 J CRIM JUST JI J. Crim. Justice PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.010 PG 5 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 430YZ UT WOS:000265029800001 ER PT J AU Tierney, EF Cadwell, BL Thompson, TJ Boyle, JP Paxon, SL Moum, K Engelgau, MM AF Tierney, Edward F. Cadwell, Betsy L. Thompson, Theodore J. Boyle, James P. Paxon, Sherri L. Moum, Kathy Engelgau, Michael M. TI Reductions in excess mortality rates among people with diabetes by selected cause of death SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diabetes; Excess mortality; Selected causes of death ID UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NORTH-DAKOTA; TRENDS; POPULATION; MELLITUS; BURDEN; PREVALENCE AB We applied Bayesian methods to estimate excess mortality rates by selected causes of death for decedents with diabetes compared to those without diabetes in North Dakota and assessed changes in the excess rate between 1992 1998 and 1999-2003. We report the probability (Pr) of a rate decrease in the age-adjusted excess rate and considered the evidence strong if the probability was 0.90 or higher. Among men with diabetes, the evidence was strong for a probable decrease in excess rate for heart disease (8.7 per 1000 to 6.5), cerebrovascular disease (1.2 per 1000 to 0.75) and arterial disease (0.24 per 1000 to 0.08). Among women with diabetes, the evidence was strong for a probable decrease in excess rates for the overall (total) rate (17.8 per 1000 to 12.6), for heart disease (6.1 per 1000 to 4.4), IIID (4.4 per 1000 to 3.1), cerebrovascular disease (1.4 per 1000 to 0.5), arterial disease (0.17 per 1000 to 0.10) and cancer (2.1 per 1000 to 1.3) as underlying cause of death. The data reflect a high likelihood that cause-specific excess mortality is decreasing for men, and especially for women, with diabetes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tierney, Edward F.; Cadwell, Betsy L.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Boyle, James P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Paxon, Sherri L.; Moum, Kathy] N Dakota Dept Hlth, Div Chron Dis, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Tierney, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ext5@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8727 J9 J DIABETES COMPLICAT JI J. Diabetes Complications PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.12.002 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 414TE UT WOS:000263887300001 PM 18413204 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H AF Frumkin, Howard TI The Public Health Approach to Chemical Exposures: A National Conversation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 71 IS 7 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 411CT UT WOS:000263626300004 PM 19326666 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Polaczyk, AL Kahler, AM Cromeans, TL Hahn, D Amburgey, JE AF Hill, Vincent R. Polaczyk, Amy L. Kahler, Amy M. Cromeans, Theresa L. Hahn, Donghyun Amburgey, James E. TI Comparison of Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration to the USEPA VIRADEL Technique and USEPA Method 1623 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE MICROBE CLASSES; TAP WATER SAMPLES; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; PROTOZOA; QUALITY; GIARDIA; VIRUSES AB Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) is a technique that is increasingly viewed as an effective alternative for simultaneously recovering diverse microbes (e.g., viruses, bacteria, parasites) from large volumes of drinking water. The USEPA has organ ism-specific methods, including Method 1623 for Cryptosporidium and Giardia and the virus adsorption-elution (VIRADEL) technique using 1MDS electropositive filters. In this study, we directly compare the performance of a previously published UF method to that of the USEPA Method 1623 (for recovering Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis) and the 1MDS VIRADEL method (for bacteriophages and echovirus) using 100-L dechlorinated rap water samples. The UF method produced significantly higher recoveries of C parvum versus Method 1623 (83% mean recovery for UF versus 46% mean recovery for Method 1623), while recoveries for G. intestinalis were similar for both methods. Results of the virus method comparison showed the UF method (including secondary concentration using microconcentrators) to be very, effective for the recovery of echovirus 1, bacteriophage MS2, and bacteriophage phi X174, with mean recovery efficiencies of 58, 100, and 77%, respectively. The VIRADEL technique (including secondary concentration by organic flocculation) recovered significantly less echovirus 1, and the bacteriophages could not be quantified by the method due to phage inactivation and/or assay inhibition. The results of this study demonstrate that the UF technique can be as effective, or more effective, than established USEPA methods for recovery of viruses and protozoan parasites from 100-L tap water samples. C1 [Hill, Vincent R.; Polaczyk, Amy L.; Amburgey, James E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Kahler, Amy M.; Cromeans, Theresa L.; Hahn, Donghyun] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM vhill@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 822 EP 825 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0152 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700048 PM 19244504 ER PT J AU Jarlais, DCD Semaan, S AF Jarlais, D. C. Des Semaan, S. TI HIV prevention and psychoactive drug use: a research agenda SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CRACK COCAINE; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Much has been learned about how to prevent HIV infection among psychoactive drug users in the last 25 years, but, worldwide, the problems of drug-use-related HIV transmission have increased during this time. We consider the need for additional research on four aspects of drug use-related HIV transmission: (1) why evidence-based effective prevention programmes have not been implemented, (2) HIV infection among ethnic minority drug users, (3) relationships-or lack of relationships between individual risk behaviour and HIV infection and (4) reducing drug use-related sexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These topics were selected because we see them as critical for reducing HIV transmission among drug users (topics 1 and 4), reducing health disparities among racial and ethnic groups of drug users (topic 2), and understanding HIV epidemiology and evaluating prevention programmes for drug users (topic 3). C1 [Jarlais, D. C. Des] CDI, Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Semaan, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarlais, DCD (reprint author), CDI, Beth Israel Med Ctr, 160 Water St,24th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com FU US National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA R01 DA003474] FX Preparation of this paper was supported in part by grant DA R01 DA003474 from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse. The findings and conclusion in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1136/jech.2008.079301 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 408KL UT WOS:000263433800007 ER PT J AU Fagan, RP Dunaway, CE Bruden, DL Parkinson, AJ Gessner, BD AF Fagan, Ryan P. Dunaway, C. Eitel Bruden, Dana L. Parkinson, Alan J. Gessner, Bradford D. TI Controlled, Household-Randomized, Open-Label Trial of the Effect of Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Iron Deficiency among Children in Rural Alaska: Results at 40 Months SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Helicobacter Pylori Peer Review Meeting CY JUN 14, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK ID SIDEROPENIC REFRACTORY-ANEMIA; INTESTINAL METAPLASIA; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; NATIVE POPULATION; HIGH PREVALENCE; BREATH TEST; ERADICATION; ASSOCIATION; MULTICENTER; ADOLESCENTS AB Background. Helicobacter pylori infection treatment was found not to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency or anemia among Alaska Native children at 14 months after treatment initiation. We hypothesized that 14 months was too early to resolve H. pylori-induced gastric damage. Consequently, we conducted a 40-month follow-up. Methods. We enrolled 219 children 7-11 years old who had H. pylori infection (as diagnosed by (13)C-labeled urea breath test) and iron deficiency (serum ferritin level, < 22.47 pmol/L) in a controlled, household-randomized trial of the effect of treatment of H. pylori on iron deficiency and anemia (hemoglobin level, < 115 g/L). At 40 months, 176 children were evaluated. Results. Forty-four (52%) of 85 children in the intervention group and 53 (58%) of 91 in the control group had iron deficiency (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 0.92 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.68-1.26]), versus 4 (5%) and 17 (19%), respectively, with both iron deficiency and anemia (ARR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.09-0.73]). Reinfection occurred among 33 (52%) of 64 children who had cleared their infection. H. pylori-negative children had lower prevalences of iron deficiency (ARR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.38-1.01]) and iron deficiency and anemia (ARR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.03-1.50]), compared with H. pylori-positive children. Conclusions. The resolution of H. pylori infection for > 14 months modestly reduced the prevalence of iron deficiency and substantially reduced the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia. H. pylori likely plays a causal role in hematological outcomes for some children. C1 [Fagan, Ryan P.] CDC, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fagan, Ryan P.; Gessner, Bradford D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dunaway, C. Eitel; Bruden, Dana L.; Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Fagan, RP (reprint author), CDC, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fev3@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 5 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1086/596659 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ND UT WOS:000263301300008 PM 19125674 ER EF