FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Benedict, MQ Hood-Nowotny, RC Howell, PI Wilkins, EE AF Benedict, Mark Q. Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca C. Howell, Paul I. Wilkins, Elien E. TI Methylparaben in Anopheles gambiae s.l. sugar meals increases longevity and malaria oocyst abundance but is not a preferred diet SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Preservative; Carbohydrate; Plasmodium; Mosquito; Diet ID PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; STEPHENSI; CULICIDAE; BERGHEI; YOELII; CELLS AB The antimicrobial and antifungal chemical methylparaben (methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) was added to the adult sucrose diet of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis, and its effect on longevity was determined. In all cases, significant increases in longevity were observed when 0.2% (w/v) methylparaben was added to meals that were refreshed weekly. When fresh sugar diet was refreshed daily, no increase in longevity was observed due to methylparaben suggesting that the effect of methylparaben is to preserve the quality of the sugar diet. No longevity effect of providing pure water in addition to sugar- or methylparaben-supplemented meals was observed. Feeding preference tests were performed to determine whether meals containing methylparaben were preferred, and whether, when given no choice but the less-preferred diet, mosquitoes would consume less sugar. Using the stable carbon isotope (13)C in paired tests, we show that the sugar diet containing methylparaben was clearly avoided by A. gambiae but not A. arabiensis. Little effect of methylparaben on the total amount of sugar consumed was observed when mosquitoes were given no diet choice. Methylparaben effects on Plasmodium cynomolgi B oocyst formation and encapsulation were observed in a normal Agambiae stock and one which encapsulates at a high frequency. Nearly two-fold increases in the number of both normal and encapsulated oocysts were observed as a result of methylparaben in the diet. Because of its longevity effects, we have implemented methylparaben use for all mosquitoes in our holdings and recommend it as a routine sugar meal supplement. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Benedict, Mark Q.; Howell, Paul I.; Wilkins, Elien E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Howell, Paul I.; Wilkins, Elien E.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM M.Benedict@IAEA.org RI Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca/H-3399-2012 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.11.003 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 421XN UT WOS:000264391700003 PM 19041323 ER PT J AU Reisen, WK Gage, KL AF Reisen, William K. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Cluff E. Hopla (1917-2008) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; MOUSE ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; CENTRAL OKLAHOMA; CLIFF SWALLOWS; COTTON RATS; IXODIDAE; ECTOPARASITES C1 [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reisen, WK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1603/033.046.0201 PG 2 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800001 PM 19351067 ER PT J AU Kothera, L Zimmerman, EM Richards, CM Savage, HM AF Kothera, Linda Zimmerman, Erin M. Richards, Christopher M. Savage, Harry M. TI Microsatellite Characterization of Subspecies and Their Hybrids in Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Along a North-South Transect in the Central United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens complex; Culex quinquefasciatus; hybridization; microsatellites; transect ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; INFECTION RATES; SHELBY COUNTY; QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex, Cx. p. pipiens L. and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus Say are morphologically similar and important vectors of West Nile and St. Louis Encephalitis viruses in the United States. The subspecies differ with respect to overwintering strategies, with Cx. p, pipiens entering diapause in response to winter conditions and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus lacking this ability, yet they hybridize when found in sympatry. Specimens (n = 646) were collected using gravid traps set along a transect from New Orleans, LA, to Chicago, IL. Microsatellite markers were used to: genetically characterize subspecies and hybrids, determine the degree and extent of hybridization to better define the hybrid zone, and examine the efficacy of hybrid detection between microsatellites and a single-gene assay based on the acetylcholinesterase 2 gene (HotAce.2). The results support the presence of two distinct genetic entities, with a broad, stable hybrid zone in between. Admixture analyses classified >40% of individuals as hybrids. Allelic richness was markedly different at the northern and southern ends of the transect, and there was a significant isolation by distance effect. The hybrid zone seems to be wider and extends further to the south than previous work indicated, and as a result, we propose new boundaries compared with those indicated by a previous study. Microsatellites detected more hybrids than the HotAce.2 assay, although the latter assay remains useful as a screening tool. We suggest that the parental subspecies and the hybrid zone are maintained by heterosis combined with selection for diapause at northern latitudes. C1 [Kothera, Linda; Zimmerman, Erin M.; Savage, Harry M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Richards, Christopher M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kothera, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM LKothera@cdc.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1603/033.046.0208 PG 13 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800008 PM 19351074 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Lawrence, GG Vineis, JH McAllister, JC Wirtz, RA Brogdon, WG AF Zhou, Ling Lawrence, Gena G. Vineis, Joseph H. McAllister, Janet C. Wirtz, Robert A. Brogdon, William G. TI Detection of Broadly Distributed Sodium Channel Alleles Characteristic of Insect Pyrethroid Resistance in West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens Complex Mosquitoes in the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex; insecticide resistance; West Nile virus ID GENE; KDR; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; MUTATIONS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; AFRICA AB West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a health threat to the North American population since its initial Outbreak in New York City in 1999. Culex (Culax) pipiens complex mosquitoes have been considered to play the primary role ill the enzootic maintenance and transmission of WNV in North America. The voltage-gated sodium channel (NaCh) gene contains pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in the coding region in many insect species. However, the knowledge of potential NaCh mutations was minimal in Culex. Seeking pyrethroid resistance alleles in Culex, we evaluated a transect along the east coast of the United States with an NaCh-based genotyping tool that amplified a portion of the transcribed sequence containing kdr mutations and the intron immediately downstream of the mutation site. Three genotypes that are typically associated with pyrethroid resistance in insects have been identified in Cidex pipiens complex mosquitoes ill this study: susceptible wild type kds, the classical knock-down resistance Leu -> Phe mutation (Phe/kdr), and a second resistance mechanism, a Leu -> Ser mutation (Ser/kdr). Moreover, we observed heterozygotic individual mosquitoes possessing both kdr alleles, Results of this study advance our knowledge of the potential for pyrethroid insecticide resistance among the populations of Cx. pipiens complex in the United States. C1 [Zhou, Ling; Lawrence, Gena G.; Wirtz, Robert A.; Brogdon, William G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vineis, Joseph H.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [McAllister, Janet C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80322 USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM WGB1@cdc.gov FU State University of New York, Albany, NY; Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Division FX This study was supported in terms of samples through a grant to L. Kramer by NIAID at the State University of New York, Albany, NY, and financially supported by the Vector-Borne Viral Diseases Division, Ft. Collins, CO, of CDC. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1603/033.046.0217 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800017 PM 19351083 ER PT J AU Machado-Ferreira, E Piesman, J Zeidner, NS Soares, CAC AF Machado-Ferreira, Erik Piesman, Joseph Zeidner, Nordin S. Soares, Carlos A. C. TI Francisella-Like Endosymbiont DNA and Francisella tularensis Virulence-Related Genes in Brazilian Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Francisella-like endosymbiont; Francisella tularensis; mglA; iglC; Ixodidae ticks ID INTRAMACROPHAGE GROWTH; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; PHYLOGENY; MGLA; SEQUENCES; NOVICIDA; PROTEIN; ESCAPE; GENUS AB Ticks are vectors of a variety of pathogens, including Francisella tularensis. Bacteria in the genus Francisella have been identified mostly in the Northern Hemisphere and include tick endosymbionts. Francisella has never been described in Brazil, where Amblyomma spp. ticks are known as the vector of many bacterial zoonotic pathogens. In the present work, we have identified bacterial DNA sequences with identity to Francisella genes in Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann Dermacentor nitens (Neumann), and Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) in Brazil. DNA fragments with homology to Francisella spp. 16S rDNA and the tu14 gene were polymerase chain reaction amplified from tick DNA samples collected in Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso states. These sequences were 96-99% identical to the reported sequences for Francisella-like tick endosymbionts (FLEs). Sequences similar to the tolaremia-agent F tularensis pathogenicity island gene iglC and its regulatory gene mglA also were identified in FLEs. C1 [Machado-Ferreira, Erik; Soares, Carlos A. C.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, Lab Genet Mol Eucariontes & Simbiontes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Piesman, Joseph; Zeidner, Nordin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Soares, CAC (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, Lab Genet Mol Eucariontes & Simbiontes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM soares@biologia.ufrj.br RI Machado Ferreira, Erik/K-1472-2013; Inca, Inct/K-2204-2013; Soares, Carlos/H-9464-2016 OI Soares, Carlos/0000-0001-9058-9266 FU Brazilian federal agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico FX We thank Hector Seuanez, Miguel A. M. Moreira (Instituto Nacional do Cancer/Divisao de Genetica-Rio de Janeiro,Brazil) and Marcelo A. Soares (Department. Genetica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) for sequencing support; Manoel Itamar do Nascimento for tick sampling; and Maria de Fatima S. Cardoso, Luiz F. P. Frade, and Silvio P. Nascimento for excellent technical assistance. We also thank Jeannine Petersen, Division of Vector-Borne Infections Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for constructive comments on the manuscript. E.M.-F. was supported by a graduate fellowship from the Brazilian federal agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1603/033.046.0224 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800024 PM 19351090 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Moore, AT Young, GR Padhi, A Komar, N AF Brown, Charles R. Moore, Amy T. Young, Ginger R. Padhi, Abinash Komar, Nicholas TI Isolation of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) From Field-Collected Eggs of Oeciacus vicarius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buggy Creek virus; cliff swallow; Petrochelidon pyrrhonata; swallow bug; vertical transmission ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; WESTERN GREAT-PLAINS; FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CULEX-TARSALIS; CULISETA-MELANURA; AEDES MOSQUITOS AB Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. We report two isolations of Buggy Creek virus (BCRV), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius Horvath), the principal vector for BCRV. Ten percent of egg pools were positive for BCRV, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 tested. The results show potential vertical transmission of BCRV, represent one of the few isolations of any alphavirus from eggs or larvae of insects in the field, and are the first report of any virus in the eggs of cimicid bedbugs. The specialized ecological niche of BCRV in swallow bugs and at cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot) nesting sites may promote vertical transmission of this Virus. C1 [Brown, Charles R.; Moore, Amy T.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Young, Ginger R.; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Padhi, Abinash] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI057569]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0514824] FX We thank A. Johnson, V. O'Brien, and S. Robinson for field assistance; the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for use of the Cedar Point Biological Station; the Union Pacific Railroad for access to land; and V. O'Brien, W. Reisen, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AI057569 and National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0514824. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1603/033.046.0225 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800025 PM 19351091 ER PT J AU Kent, R Juliusson, L Weissmann, M Evans, S Komar, N AF Kent, Rebekah Juliusson, Lara Weissmann, Michael Evans, Sara Komar, Nicholas TI Seasonal Blood-Feeding Behavior of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Weld County, Colorado, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex tarsalis; blood-feeding behavior; forage ratio; West Nile virus; American robin ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; VECTOR COMPETENCE; MOSQUITO DIPTERA; CYTOCHROME-B; HOST; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Studies on Culex tarsalis Coquillett in Colorado have shown marked seasonal variation in the proportion of blood meals from birds and mammals. However, limitations in the specificity of antibodies used in the precipitin test and lack of vertebrate host availability data warrant revisiting Cx. tarsalis blood feeding behavior in the context of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission. We characterized the host preference of Cx. tarsalis during peak WNV transmission season in eastern Colorado and estimated the relative contribution of different avian species to WNV transmission. Cx. tarsalis preferred birds to mammals each month, although the proportion of blood meals from mammals increased in July and August. The distribution of blood meals differed significantly across months, in part because of changes in the proportion of blood meals from American robins, a preferred host. The estimated proportion of WNV-infectious vectors derived from American robins declined from 60 to 1% between June and August. The majority of avian blood meals came from doves, preferred hosts that contributed 25-40% of the WNV-infectious mosquitoes each month. Active WNV transmission was observed in association with a large house sparrow communal roost. These data show how seasonal patterns in Cx. tarsalis blood feeding behavior relate to WNV transmission in eastern Colorado, with the American robin contributing greatly to early-season virus transmission and a communal roost of sparrows serving as a focus for late-season amplification. C1 [Kent, Rebekah; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Juliusson, Lara] Tri Cty Hlth Dept, Greenwood Village, CO USA. [Weissmann, Michael] Colorado Mosquito Control, Brighton, CO USA. [Evans, Sara] Weld Cty Dept Hlth, Greeley, CO USA. RP Kent, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM fxk7@cdc.gov RI Kading, Rebekah/E-5633-2017 OI Kading, Rebekah/0000-0002-4996-915X NR 46 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1603/033.046.0226 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800026 PM 19351092 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Moore, AT Knutie, SA Komar, N AF Brown, Charles R. Moore, Amy T. Knutie, Sarah A. Komar, Nicholas TI Overwintering of Infectious Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) in Oeciacus vicarius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buggy Creck virus; cliff swallow; Oeciacus vicarius; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota; swallow bug ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; WESTERN GREAT-PLAINS; FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; NILE-VIRUS; ARBOVIRUS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; VECTORS; AMERICA AB Arboviruses have seldom been found overwintering in adult vectors at northern latitudes in North America. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV;Togaviridae,Alphavirus) is an ecologically unusual arbovirus vectored principally by the eimieid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius Horvath). The ectoparasitic bugs reside year-round in the mud nests of their host, the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot). We report successful overwintering of infections BCRV in bugs at a field site in western North Dakota, where mid-winter temperatures routinely reach -11 to -15 degrees C. Approximately 21% of bug pools were positive for virus in early spring just before the. cliff swallows' return to their nesting colonies; this proportion did not differ significantly front that in summer at active cliff swallow nesting colonies fit the same study area. Fewer of the isolates in early spring were cytopathic on Vero cells, and those that were infectious showed less plaque formation than did summer samples. The results show that infectious BCRV commonly overwinters in the adult stages of its vector tit northern latitudes in North America. C1 [Brown, Charles R.; Moore, Amy T.; Knutie, Sarah A.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74101 USA. [Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74101 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI057569] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (AI057569). NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1603/033.046.0227 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800027 PM 19351093 ER PT J AU Lubin, IM McGovern, MM Gibson, Z Gross, SJ Lyon, E Pagon, RA Pratt, VM Rashid, J Shaw, C Stoddard, L Trotter, TL Williams, MS Wilson, JA Pass, K AF Lubin, Ira M. McGovern, Margaret M. Gibson, Zoe Gross, Susan J. Lyon, Elaine Pagon, Roberta A. Pratt, Victoria M. Rashid, Jamila Shaw, Colleen Stoddard, Lander Trotter, Tracy L. Williams, Marc S. Wilson, Jean Amos Pass, Kenneth TI Clinician Perspectives about Molecular Genetic Testing for Heritable Conditions and Development of a Clinician-Friendly Laboratory Report SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS DELTA-F508; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; PHYSICIANS; PATHOLOGY AB The use of molecular genetic tests for heritable conditions is expected to increase in medical settings, where genetic knowledge is often limited. As part of a project to improve the clarity of genetic test result reports to minimize misunderstandings that could compromise patient care, we sought input about format and content from practicing primary care clinicians. In facilitated workgroup discussions, clinicians from pediatric, obstetrics-gynecology, and family practice provided their perspectives about molecular genetic testing with a focus on the laboratory reporting of test results. Common principles for enhancing the readability and comprehension of test result reports were derived from these discussions. These principles address the presentation of patient- and test-specific information, the test result interpretation, and guidance for future steps. Model test result reports for DNA-based cystic fibrosis testing are presented that were developed based on workgroup discussions, previous studies, and professional guidelines. The format of these model test reports, which are applicable to a variety of molecular genetic tests, should be useful for communicating essential information from the laboratory to healthcare professionals. (J Mol Diagn 2009, 11:162-171; DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080130) C1 [Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCPDCID, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rashid, Jamila] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McGovern, Margaret M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY USA. [Gibson, Zoe] Assoc Prevent Teaching & Res, Washington, DC USA. [Gross, Susan J.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. [Lyon, Elaine] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lyon, Elaine] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Pagon, Roberta A.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pratt, Victoria M.] Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, Chantilly, VA USA. [Trotter, Tracy L.] San Ramon Valley Primary Care, San Ramon, CA USA. [Williams, Marc S.] Intermt Healthcare, Clin Genet Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Wilson, Jean Amos] Sequenom Incorp, Genet Serv Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Pass, Kenneth] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Lubin, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCPDCID, Div Lab Syst, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-G23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ilubin@cdc.gov OI Williams, Marc/0000-0001-6165-8701 FU PHS HHS [U10/CCU224489-01] NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080130 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 413QH UT WOS:000263807100010 PM 19197001 ER PT J AU Wang, SH Welte, T Fang, H Chang, GJJ Born, WK O'Brien, RL Sun, BX Fujii, H Kosuna, KI Wang, T AF Wang, Shuhui Welte, Thomas Fang, Hao Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Born, Willi K. O'Brien, Rebecca L. Sun, Buxiang Fujii, Hajime Kosuna, Ken-Ichi Wang, Tian TI Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; LETHAL ENCEPHALITIS; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; ACTIVATION; THERAPY; INNATE; BRAIN; CELLS; ENTRY; AHCC AB West Nile virus (WNV) poses a serious threat to public health, especially to the elderly and the immuno-compromised. Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in alpha-glucans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AHCC on host susceptibility in the murine model of WNV infection. Mice orally administered with AHCC (600 mg/kg) every other day for 1 wk before and at d 1 and 3 postinfection were assessed using viremia levels, survival rate, and protective immunity. AHCC administration in young (6- to 8-wk-old) mice attenuated viremia and mortality following lethal WNV infection. WNV-specific IgM and IgG production and gamma delta T cell expansion were also enhanced in these mice. Aged (21- to 22-mo-old) mice were more susceptible to WNV infection than young mice, partially due to the dysfunction of gamma delta T cell subsets. AHCC administration in aged mice enhanced the protective V gamma 1(+) T cell response as well as WNV-specific IgG but not IgM antibodies production. AHCC administration in aged mice attenuated viremia levels but led to no difference in mortality rate. Overall, our data suggests that AHCC enhances protective host immune responses against WNV infection in young and aged mice. Dietary supplementation with AHCC may be potentially immunotherapeutic for WNV-susceptible populations. J. Nutr. 139: 598-602, 2009. C1 [Wang, Shuhui; Welte, Thomas; Fang, Hao; Wang, Tian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chang, Gwong-Jen J.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Born, Willi K.; O'Brien, Rebecca L.] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Sun, Buxiang; Fujii, Hajime; Kosuna, Ken-Ichi] Amino Chem Co Ltd, Div Res & Dev, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0040839, Japan. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ti1wang@utmb.edu FU NIH [R01 A1072060, A1065357-04]; American Federation for Aging Research FX Supported by grants from the NIH R01 A1072060 (to T.W.), American Federation for Aging Research (to T.W.), and partially supported by Amino Up, Japan (T W) S.W. is partially supported by the NIH grant U54 A1065357-04 (to J. Carlson). NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 139 IS 3 BP 598 EP 602 DI 10.3945/jn.108.100297 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 411RD UT WOS:000263666600028 PM 19141700 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Schubauer-Berigan, MK Mayweather, C Geraci, CL Zumwalde, R McKernan, JL AF Schulte, Paul A. Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Mayweather, Candis Geraci, Charles L. Zumwalde, Ralph McKernan, John L. TI Issues in the Development of Epidemiologic Studies of Workers Exposed to Engineered Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER RISK; DIESEL EXHAUST; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AB Objective: Capitalizing on phenomena at the nanoscale may present great benefits to society. Nevertheless, until the hazards and risks of engineered nanoparticles are determined, the technological products and advances of nanotechnology may be impeded by the societal concerns. Although animal data provide the necessary first step in hazard and risk assessment, ultimately epidemiological studies will be required, especially studies of workers exposed to engineered, nanoparticles. It. may be too soon to conduct informative epidemiological studies but it is now appropriate to identify issues that, will be pertinent and prepare strategies to address them. Methods: The published scientific literature on incidental and engineered nanoparticles and air pollution were reviewed to identify issues in the conduct of epidemiological studies of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles. Results: Twelve important issues were identified-the most critical pertaining to particle heterogeneity, temporal factors, exposure characterization, disease endpoints, and identification of the study population. Conclusion: Consideration of these issues provides the foundation for initiating epidemiologic research, on workers exposed, to engineered nanoparticles. (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:323-335) C1 [Schulte, Paul A.; Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.; Geraci, Charles L.; Zumwalde, Ralph; McKernan, John L.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Schulte, Paul A.; Geraci, Charles L.; Zumwalde, Ralph] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.; McKernan, John L.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Mayweather, Candis] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM PSchulte@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 103 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181990c2c PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 418HW UT WOS:000264140300006 PM 19225418 ER PT J AU Wattigney, WA Rice, N Cooper, DL Drew, JM Orr, MF AF Wattigney, Wendy A. Rice, Nancy Cooper, Debbi L. Drew, James M. Orr, Maureen F. TI State Programs to Reduce Uncontrolled Ammonia Releases and Associated Injury Using the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance System SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HSEES SYSTEM; SERVICES; INDUSTRY AB Objective: To describe how the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) program identifies leading causes of uncontrolled ammonia releases and targets activities aimed at reducing the frequency of these incidents. Methods: Ammonia incidents reported to HSEES nationally were examined. HSEES programs in state health departments conducted and evaluated data-driven prevention outreach. Results: The primary targeted ammonia incidents in the three HSEES states that are presented include food manufacturing, agriculture, and events related to the production of illicit methamphetamine. Key to these prevention activities was using state-specific HSEES data to identify problems and evaluate the prevention activity, and developing partnerships with other stakeholders. Conclusion: HSEES data is used to identify determinants of chemical incidents and their outcomes and to help guide strategies to reduce such occurrences. Surveillance of chemical incidents elucidates the causes and consequences of these events and helps identify problems and measure the effectiveness of prevention programs. (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:356-363) C1 [Wattigney, Wendy A.; Orr, Maureen F.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rice, Nancy] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Cooper, Debbi L.] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Drew, James M.] Wisconsin Dept Hlth Serv, Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Wattigney, WA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, MS-F57,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wdw0@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318197368e PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 418HW UT WOS:000264140300010 PM 19225422 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, A Staley, F Shire, J Muthukumar, S Kennedy, C Meyer, PA Brown, MJ AF Vaidyanathan, Ambarish Staley, Forrest Shire, Jeffrey Muthukumar, Subrahmanyam Kennedy, Chinaro Meyer, Pamela A. Brown, Mary Jean TI Screening for Lead Poisoning: A Geospatial Approach to Determine Testing of Children in At-Risk Neighborhoods SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; US CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD; PREVENTION; HEALTH; HOME AB Objective To develop a spatial strategy to assess neighborhood risk for lead exposure laid neighborhood-level blood lead testing of young children living in the city of Atlanta, Georgia. Study design This ecologic study used existing blood lead results of children aged <= 36 months tested and living in one of Atlanta's 236 neighborhoods in 2005. Geographic information systems used Census, land parcel, laid neighborhood spatial data to create a neighborhood priority testing index on the basis of proxies for poverty (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children [WIC] enrollment) and lead in house paint (year housing built). Results In 2005, only 11.9% of Atlanta's 18 627 children aged <= 36 months living in the city had blood lead tests, despite a high prevalence of risk factors: 75 286 (89.6%) residential properties were built before 1978, and 44% of children were enrolled in WIC. Linear regression analysis indicated testing was significantly associated with WIC status (P < .001) but not with old housing. Conclusions This neighborhood spatial approach provided smaller geographic areas to assign risk and assess testing in a city that has a high prevalence of risk factors for lead exposure. Testing may he improved by collaboration between pediatricians kind public health practitioners. (J Pediatr 2009;154:409-14) C1 [Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Shire, Jeffrey; Meyer, Pamela A.; Brown, Mary Jean] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Staley, Forrest] Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Muthukumar, Subrahmanyam] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr GIS, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kennedy, Chinaro] Maternal & Child Hlth Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Staley, F (reprint author), Georgia Lead Poisoning Prevent Programs, 2 Peachtree St,Ste 14-472, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM flstaley@dhr.state.ga.us NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 154 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.027 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 418RM UT WOS:000264166100022 PM 19026427 ER PT J AU Duffy, RE Siegel, PZ AF Duffy, Rosemary E. Siegel, Paul Z. TI Increasing Chronic Disease Epidemiology Capacity Without Increasing Workforce: A Success Story in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE chronic disease; epidemiology; increasing capacity AB In many states the epidemiology capacity of specific chronic disease programs, for example, cardiovascular disease or diabetes, is limited by the skill set of a single epidemiologist who has been assigned to that program. To improve epidemiology support across categorical programs, the Division of Prevention at the Ohio Department of Health initiated a new policy early in 2003 whereby each program epidemiologist is responsible for learning to analyze data from at least two datasets as well as continuing to be the lead data person for his or her program. Now, for each critical dataset at least one epidemiologist is capable of conducting data analysis and providing support to other programs. Without the addition of new epidemiology staff, this policy has enabled the Ohio Department of Health to produce reports that better describe the burden of chronic diseases, make more informed decisions on what populations to target, and plan well-thought-out interventions. C1 [Duffy, Rosemary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Assignee, Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. [Siegel, Paul Z.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duffy, RE (reprint author), State Epidemiol Off, 246 N High St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM rosemary.duffy@odh.ohio.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 406ZT UT WOS:000263334100008 PM 19202412 ER PT J AU Lakhani, N Shaw, K Saraiya, M AF Lakhani, Naheed Shaw, Kate Saraiya, Mona TI Skin cancer screening among US adults: 2000 and 2005 national health interview surveys SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY MAR 06-10, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 [Lakhani, Naheed; Shaw, Kate; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 60 IS 3 BP AB92 EP AB92 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 415LA UT WOS:000263934100368 ER PT J AU Burnett-Hartman, AN Fitzpatrick, AL Gao, K Jackson, SA Schreiner, PJ AF Burnett-Hartman, Andrea N. Fitzpatrick, Annette L. Gao, Kun Jackson, Sharon A. Schreiner, Pamela J. TI Supplement Use Contributes to Meeting Recommended Dietary Intakes for Calcium, Magnesium, and Vitamin C in Four Ethnicities of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NUTRIENT INTAKE; ADULTS; FOOD; VEGETABLES; PATTERNS; DISEASE; FRUITS AB Background Low intake of nutrients is associated with poor health outcomes. We examined the contribution of dietary supplementation to meeting recommended dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin C in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a cohort of white, African-American, Hispanic, and Chinese-American participants ages 45 to 84 years. We also assessed the prevalence of intakes above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Methods At the baseline exam in 2000-2001, 2,938 men and 3,299 women completed food frequency questionnaires and provided information about dietary supplementation. We used relative risk regression to estimate the probability of meeting Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs) in supplement users vs nonusers and Fisher's exact tests to compare the proportion of those exceeding ULs between the two groups. RDAs, AIs, and ULs were defined by the National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board's Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Results After adjustment for age and education, the relative risk of meeting RDAs or AIs in supplement-users vs nonusers ranged from 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) in white men to 5.7 (4.1, 8.0) in African-American women for calcium, from 2.5 (1.9, 3.3) in Hispanic men to 5.2 (2.4, 11.2) in Chinese men for magnesium, and from 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) in African-American women to 2.0 (1.7, 2.2) in Chinese men for vitamin C. The relative risks for meeting RDAs for calcium differed significantly by ethnicity (P<0.001) and sex (P<0.001), and by ethnicity for magnesium (P=0.01). The relative risk for each sex/ethnicity strata was close to 1 and did not reach statistical significance at alpha=.05 for potassium. For calcium, 15% of high-dose supplement users exceeded the UL compared with only 2.1% of nonusers. For vitamin C, the percentages were 6.6% and 0%, and for magnesium, 35.3% and 0% (P<0.001 for all). Conclusions Although supplement use is associated with meeting DRI guidelines for calcium, vitamin C and magnesium, many adults are not meeting the DRI guidelines even with the help of dietary supplements, and the effect of supplementation can vary according to ethnicity and sex. However, supplementation was not significantly associated with meeting DRIs for potassium. Also, high-dose supplement use is associated with intakes above ULs for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin C. C1 [Burnett-Hartman, Andrea N.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gao, Kun] Amgen Inc, Global Hlth Econ, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Jackson, Sharon A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schreiner, Pamela J.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Burnett-Hartman, AN (reprint author), MPH,1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM anbh@u.washington.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95169]; National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institute of Health [1 R21 AT002152-01] FX The MESA study was supported by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95165 and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The funding for this ancillary study to examine supplement use in the MESA population is from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institute of Health, grant no. 1 R21 AT002152-01. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 109 IS 3 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.023 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420LZ UT WOS:000264292600013 PM 19248857 ER PT J AU Qu, T Bogdanovic, J Resnick, B Xue, Q Xu, X Walston, JD Fried, LP Leng, SX AF Qu, T. Bogdanovic, J. Resnick, B. Xue, Q. Xu, X. Walston, J. D. Fried, L. P. Leng, S. X. TI Antibody Response to Influenza Immunization in Frailty SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 [Qu, T.; Xue, Q.; Walston, J. D.; Leng, S. X.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bogdanovic, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Allergy & Clin Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Resnick, B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, X.] CDC, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fried, L. P.] Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 57 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 425BL UT WOS:000264611900250 ER PT J AU Safran, C Shabot, MM Munger, BS Holmes, JH Steen, EB Lumpkin, JR Detmer, DE AF Safran, Charles Shabot, M. Michael Munger, Benson S. Holmes, John H. Steen, Elaine B. Lumpkin, John R. Detmer, Don E. CA AMIA Board of Directors TI Program Requirements for Fellowship Education in the Subspecialty of Clinical Informatics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Program Requirements for Fellowship Education identify the knowledge and skills that physicians must master through the course of a training program to be certified in the subspecialty of clinical informatics. They also specify accreditation requirements for clinical informatics training programs. The AMIA Board of Directors approved this document in November 2008. C1 [Steen, Elaine B.; Detmer, Don E.] Amer Med Informat Assoc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Safran, Charles] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Clin Informat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Safran, Charles] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Safran, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shabot, M. Michael] Mem Hermann Healthcare Syst, Houston, TX USA. [Shabot, M. Michael] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Munger, Benson S.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Emergency Med Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Holmes, John H.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lumpkin, John R.] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Detmer, Don E.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Steen, EB (reprint author), Amer Med Informat Assoc, 4915 St Elmo Ave,Suite 401, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM elainesteen@msn.com RI Lehmann, Christoph/M-1845-2016 OI Lehmann, Christoph/0000-0001-9559-4646 NR 2 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1197/jamia.M3046 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 423MD UT WOS:000264499500002 PM 19074295 ER PT J AU Smith, J Amador, M Barrera, R AF Smith, Joshua Amador, Manuel Barrera, Roberto TI SEASONAL AND HABITAT EFFECTS ON DENGUE AND WEST NILE VIRUS VECTORS IN SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Dengue; West Nile; vectors; urban mosquitoes; Puerto Rico ID CULEX-NIGRIPALPUS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; ST-LOUIS; CULICIDAE; TRANSMISSION; ENCEPHALITIS; TEXAS; MEDIOVITTATUS; IMMUNIZATION AB The presence of West Nile (WNV) and dengue viruses and the lack of recent mosquito surveys in Puerto Rico prompted an investigation on the distribution and abundance of potential arbovirus vectors in the San Juan Metropolitan Area, and their variation with seasons and habitats. We sampled mosquitoes in early and late 2005 in 58 sites from forests, nonforest vegetation, wetlands, and high- and low-density housing areas using ovijars, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light/CO2 traps, and gravid traps. A total of 28 mosquito species was found. San Juan had potential WNV enzootic vectors (Culex nigripalpus) within and around the city in wetlands and forests, but few were captured in residential areas. A potential WNV bridge vector (Cx. quinquefasciatus) was abundant in urbanized areas, and it was positively correlated with the main dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. High-density housing areas harbored more Ae. aegypti. Container mosquitoes, including Aedes mediovittatus, were more abundant during the climax of the rainy season when most dengue occurs in Puerto Rico. The greatest risk for contracting WNV would be visiting forests and swamps at night. Culex (Culex) and Culex (Melanoconion) mosquito species were more abundant during the transition dry-wet seasons (March-May). C1 [Smith, Joshua; Amador, Manuel; Barrera, Roberto] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, DVBID, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, DVBID, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.2987/08-5782.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 425UZ UT WOS:000264664300006 PM 19432067 ER PT J AU Wooten, KG Janssen, A Smith, PJ Pickering, LK AF Wooten, Karen G. Janssen, Alan Smith, Philip J. Pickering, Larry K. TI Associations Between Childhood Vaccination Status and Medical Practice Characteristics Among White, Black, and Hispanic Children SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE access; hospital/office administration; children/adolescents; immunizations; race/ethnicity ID HEALTH-INSURANCE PROGRAM; AGED 19-35 MONTHS; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; CARE UTILIZATION; COVERAGE; VACCINES; ACCESS; RATES AB Background: The purpose of the study was to identify and understand associations between characteristics of medical practices where immunization services are delivered and vaccination status among white, black, and Hispanic children aged less than 19 months. Methods: Eighty pediatric and family physicians participated in a physician-patient encounters survey that included 684 children aged less than 19 months who received at least 1 vaccination during a randomly selected week in 2003., Results: According to physicians' responses to survey questions, white children who used large medical practices, and black and Hispanic children who used practices, all enrolled in the Vaccine for Children (VFC) program, were more likely to receive vaccines at the recommended age, but Hispanic children who used large Medicaid practices were less likely to receive them at the recommended age. White children who used medical practices that had a large minority patient population were more likely to have completely missed whole series of vaccines. Conclusion: Medical practice characteristics varied in importance as determinants of childhood vaccination among white, black, and Hispanic children. Understanding how type of medical practice and other medical practice characteristics may impact the receipt of timely preventive health services. is vital to improving health care access in underserved populations. C1 [Wooten, Karen G.; Smith, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. [Janssen, Alan; Pickering, Larry K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. RP Wooten, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E62, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM kwooten@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 423IW UT WOS:000264491000003 PM 19331254 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Graham, S Kozarsky, PE Gallagher, N Blumensaadt, S Bateman, J Edelson, PJ Arguin, PM Steele, S Russell, M Reed, C AF Baggett, Henry C. Graham, Susan Kozarsky, Phyllis E. Gallagher, Nancy Blumensaadt, Sena Bateman, John Edelson, Paul J. Arguin, Paul M. Steele, Stefanie Russell, Michelle Reed, Christie TI Pretravel Health Preparation Among US Residents Traveling to India to VFRs: Importance of Ethnicity in Defining VFRs SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article CT Northern European Conference on Travel Medicine CY JUN 07-10, 2006 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND ID UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-A; VISITING FRIENDS; MALARIA SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; PREVENTION; RELATIVES; AIRPORT AB Background. International travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in lower income countries experience high rates of travel-related infections. We examined demographic characteristics and pretravel preparation practices among US residents traveling to India to determine factors that may contribute to higher infection rates and that would allow for improved prevention strategies. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among US residents traveling to India in departure areas for flights to India at three US international airports during August 2005. Eligible travelers were US residents going to India who were English speaking and >= 18 years. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge of and compliance with pretravel health recommendations. Results. Of 1,574 eligible travelers, 1,302 (83%) participated; 60% were male and the median age was 37. Eighty-five percent were of South Asian/Indian ethnicity and 76% reported VFR as the primary reason for travel. More than 90% of VFRs had at least a college education and only 6% cited financial barriers as reasons for not obtaining travel health services. VFRs were less likely than non-VFR travelers to seek pretravel health advice, to be protected against hepatitis A or typhoid fever, and less likely to be taking appropriate antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. However, when stratified by ethnicity, travelers of South Asian ethnicity were less likely than other travelers to adhere to pretravel health recommendations, regardless of VFR status. Conclusions. Similar to previous studies, VFR status was associated with pretravel health practices that leave travelers at risk for important infectious diseases. This association differed by ethnicity, which may also be an important marker of nonadherence to pretravel health recommendations. These findings have important implications for identifying at-risk travelers and properly targeting prevention messages. C1 [Baggett, Henry C.; Graham, Susan; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Gallagher, Nancy; Reed, Christie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blumensaadt, Sena; Russell, Michelle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Quarantine Stn, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. [Bateman, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Quarantine Stn, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Newark, NJ USA. [Edelson, Paul J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Quarantine Stn, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Arguin, Paul M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat TUC, Int Emerging Infect Program, Dept Dis Control, Minist Publ Hlth, 3rd Floor,Bldg 7,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM hbaggett@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00284.x PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 424GB UT WOS:000264552400007 PM 19335811 ER PT J AU Monath, TP Gershman, M Hill, DR Marano, N Staples, JE Wilder-Smith, A AF Monath, Thomas P. Gershman, Mark Hill, David R. Marano, Nina Staples, J. Erin Wilder-Smith, Annelies TI Yellow Fever Recommendations for Tourists to Kenya: A Flawed Risk Assessment SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Monath, Thomas P.] Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Gershman, Mark; Marano, Nina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hill, David R.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Staples, J. Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wilder-Smith, Annelies] Natl Univ Singapore, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Monath, TP (reprint author), Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RI Wilder-Smith, Annelies/F-8751-2015 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 424GB UT WOS:000264552400018 ER PT J AU Gentry, J Vinje, J Lipp, EK AF Gentry, Jennifer Vinje, Jan Lipp, Erin K. TI A rapid and efficient method for quantitation of genogroups I and II norovirus from oysters and application in other complex environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Norovirus; Shellfish; Plankton; RT-PCR ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; VIRION CONCENTRATION METHOD; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH; UNITED-STATES; RT-PCR; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK AB The human health risk associated with the consumption of molluscan shellfish grown in sewage-contaminated waters is well established. Noroviruses are the principal agent of shellfish-related illness. This study describes the evaluation of two silica-based viral RNA extraction protocols as well as two real time RT-PCR assays for norovirus detection in shellfish and plankton. Using a GII RNA transcript, the Qiagen RNeasy method was able to recover 80%, 1.85%, and 0.14% of the RNA copies in seeded oyster, small plankton (63-200 mu m), and large plankton (> 200 mu m) samples, respectively, whereas a silica-bead based method was able to recover only 0.175%, 0.0044%, and 0.0006% in the same seeded samples. The detection limit of two published TaqMan RT-PCR assays (A and B) evaluated with RNA run-off transcripts established RT-PCR assay A was more sensitive for detecting low copies of GI.3 RNA whereas RT-PCR assay B was more sensitive for detecting GI.4 and GII.4; however, only assay A was able to detect GI and GII in naturally contaminated shellfish whereas only assay B was able to detect GI and GII in naturally contaminated plankton. The combination of a rapid RNA extraction method followed by both TaqMan RT-PCR assays offers significant advantages for development of routine assays for norovirus detection in bivalve shellfish and shows promise for detection in other high inhibitor environmental sources, such as plankton. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gentry, Jennifer; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vinje, Jan] NCIRD DVD GRVLB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA040AR4600203] FX This work was supported by the Oceans and Human Health grant # NA040AR4600203 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would like to thank the members of the EHS Environmental Microbiology Lab at the University of Georgia, the members of the National Calicivirus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Dana Cole, and the Georgia DNR, Coastal Resources Division: Dominic Guadagnoli, William Hughes, and Brooks Good. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.11.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 420ZX UT WOS:000264328800009 PM 19041894 ER PT J AU Shields, JM Arrowood, MJ Hill, VR Beach, MJ AF Shields, Joan M. Arrowood, Michael J. Hill, Vincent R. Beach, Michael J. TI The effect of cyanuric acid on the disinfection rate of Cryptosporidium parvum in 20-ppm free chlorine SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chlorine; Cryptosporidium parvum; cyanuric acid; disinfection rate; recreational water; swimming pools ID SWIMMING POOL DISINFECTION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; RECREATIONAL WATER; INACTIVATION AB Cyanuric acid is used to stabilize free chlorine to reduce photodegradation in outdoor swimming pools. While there have been numerous studies examining its effect on the disinfection rates of bacteria and viruses, it is not known whether cyanuric acid can significantly impact the effectiveness of hyperchlorination for inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts present in fecally-contaminated swimming pools. This study examined the effect of cyanuric acid on the disinfection rate of Cryptosporidium parvum under swimming pool hyperchlorination conditions (20 mg/ml free chlorine). When 50 mg/L cyanuric acid was present there was a 0.70-log(10) reduction in oocyst viability after 10 hours as compared to a 3.7-log(10) reduction without cyanuric acid. Aids to remediation, such as decreasing the pH to enhance the germicidal efficiency of the free chlorine and doubling the amount of free chlorine residual, were still unable to achieve a 3-log(10) reduction. Current public health recommendations for hyperchlorination and pool remediation are insufficient for pools using cyanurate-stabilized chlorine to achieve a three log inactivation of the parasite. C1 [Shields, Joan M.; Arrowood, Michael J.; Hill, Vincent R.; Beach, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shields, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jshields1@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 FU National Swimming Pool Foundation FX This project was supported by the CDC Foundation through a grant from the National Swimming Pool Foundation and CEO Thomas Lachocki, Ph. D. The authors would like to especially thank Theresa Dearen for her help purifying oocysts and Long Ti Xie, PhD for his help and support with all matters relating to tissue culture. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.2166/wh.2009.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 417CM UT WOS:000264052900010 PM 18957779 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Stewart, SL Wilson, RJ AF Sabatino, Susan A. Stewart, Sherri L. Wilson, Reda J. TI Racial and Ethnic Variations in the Incidence of Cancers of the Uterine Corpus, United States, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved CY NOV 27-30, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res ID CELL ENDOMETRIAL CANCERS; DATA-BASE REPORT; AMERICAN-INDIANS; BLACK-WOMEN; NEW-MEXICO; SURVIVAL; RACE; CARCINOMA; WHITES; STAGE AB Objective: We examined racial/ethnic variations in uterine corpus cancer incidence. Methods: Data are from state cancer registries meeting quality criteria in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs, 2001-2003. We included females with microscopically confirmed invasive uterine corpus cancer (n = 97,098). We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000, stratified by race and ethnicity. Results: Cancers were most common among women who were 50-64 years old, white and non-Hispanic. Epithelial cancer rates were lower for Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) than whites (12.8 vs. 21.7, p < 0.0001), including serous adenocarcinoma (0.5 vs. 0.9, p < 0.0001). Epithelial cancer rates were also lower for American Indian/Alaska Natives (AIAN) vs. whites (11.5 vs. 21.7, p < 0.0001) and Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics (16.0 vs. 21.3, p < 0.0001). Among all race groups, blacks had the highest rates of mesenchymal (0.9) and mixed cancers (2.0) and of serous adenocarcinoma (2.0), clear cell adenocarcinoma (0.5), and carcinosarcoma (1.9). Blacks also had the lowest rates of low-grade and localized stage epithelial cancer and the highest rates of high-grade and distant stage disease. Conclusions: Uterine corpus cancer rates are generally lower for API and AIAN than for whites or blacks and for Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics. Further research is needed to understand reasons for the differences in incidence. C1 [Sabatino, Susan A.; Stewart, Sherri L.; Wilson, Reda J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ssabatino@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.1171 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 417ZF UT WOS:000264116300001 PM 19231990 ER PT J AU Habel, MA Liddon, N Stryker, JE AF Habel, Melissa A. Liddon, Nicole Stryker, Jo E. TI The HPV Vaccine: A Content Analysis of Online News Stories SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; COVERAGE; WEB AB Purpose: Approximately 73 million adults in the United States report using the Internet as a source for health information. This study examines the quality, content, and scope of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Internet news coverage starting on the day of its licensure. Information about the HPV vaccine in the media may influence personal attitudes and vaccine uptake. Methods: Using four search engines and six search terms, a sample of 250 Internet articles on the HPV vaccine were identified between June 8, 2006, and September 26, 2006. The coding instrument captured how the headline was depicted and how the vaccine was labeled in addition to information about HPV, cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine, and current social issues and concerns about the vaccine. Results: Analysis revealed balanced Internet news coverage; 52.4% of Internet news stories were coded as neutral toward the vaccine. Eighty-eight percent of articles labeled the vaccine as a cervical cancer vaccine; 73.5% explained the link between HPV and cervical cancer, although without providing background information on HPV or cervical cancer. Vaccine affordability was the most cited social concern (49.2%). Information about vaccine safety and side effects, duration of vaccine protection, and availability of the catchup vaccine for females aged 13-26 was repeatedly missing. Conclusions: The HPV vaccine is being marketed as a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. Comprehensive information on the vaccine, HPV, and cervical cancer continues to be missing from media coverage. Public health educators should monitor online media in an effort to respond to inaccurate information. Barriers to vaccine cost and funding mechanisms need to be addressed more effectively by states. Knowledge of particular media messages could provide a starting point for tackling opposition and uptake issues for future sexually transmitted infection (STI) vaccines. C1 [Habel, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stryker, Jo E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Habel, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhabel@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 16 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0920 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 417ZF UT WOS:000264116300018 PM 19281323 ER PT J AU Khare, MM Huber, R Carpenter, RA Balmer, PW Bates, NJ Nolen, KN Hudson, HK Lattyak, RM Cursio, JF Loo, RK Farris, RP Will, JC AF Khare, Manorama M. Huber, Rachel Carpenter, Ruth Ann Balmer, Pamela W. Bates, Nancy J. Nolen, Kristen N. Hudson, Heather K. Lattyak, Rose M. Cursio, John F. Loo, Ryan K. Farris, Rosanne P. Will, Julie C. TI A Lifestyle Approach to Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Underserved Women: Design and Methods of the Illinois WISEWOMAN Program SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION INTERVENTIONS; HEALTH-PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS; OLDER-ADULTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PROJECT; BEHAVIOR; FAT; QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION AB Background: Few lifestyle intervention programs address the needs of financially disadvantaged, low literacy populations. The overall goal of the Illinois WISEWOMAN Program (IWP) was to design such a program and test its effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, specifically physical activity and nutrition factors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the IWP study design and methods, development of the evidence-based curriculum appropriate for a low socioeconomic status (SES) population, and baseline characteristics of IWP participants. Methods: The Cooper Institute, in collaboration with the Illinois Department of Public Health and the University of Illinois at Chicago, adapted evidence-based interventions for financially disadvantaged, low literacy populations. The study used a randomized, two-group, experimental design. In total, 1021 women were recruited from the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program, which serves uninsured and underinsured women, aged 40-64, at or below 200% of poverty. The women were randomized to either a minimum intervention (MI) or an enhanced intervention (EI) group. Both groups received CVD risk factor screening and educational materials. Additionally, the EI group received a 12-week lifestyle intervention. Results: Baseline comparisons show equivalent groups. IWP participants had a higher prevalence of obesity and smoking than similar national samples. Conclusions: IWP addressed many of the cultural and implementation barriers in programs that seek to improve the health of financially disadvantaged, low literacy populations. Because of the high burden of disease, the unique study population, and the sound design, we anticipate that our future results will contribute to the translation literature, which has largely ignored significant health disparities. C1 [Khare, Manorama M.; Bates, Nancy J.; Cursio, John F.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Excellence Womens Hlth, Ctr Res Women & Gender, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. [Huber, Rachel; Carpenter, Ruth Ann] Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. [Balmer, Pamela W.; Hudson, Heather K.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Off Womens Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Nolen, Kristen N.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Illinois Tobacco Free Commun Program, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Lattyak, Rose M.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Loo, Ryan K.] Spectrum Consulting, Hlth Policy Res Div, Lawrenceville, GA USA. [Farris, Rosanne P.; Will, Julie C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khare, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Excellence Womens Hlth, Ctr Res Women & Gender, 1640 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM mkhare1@uic.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0911 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 417ZF UT WOS:000264116300019 PM 19281324 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Kratz, GE Bates, R Scherpelz, JA Bowen, RA Komar, N AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Kratz, Gail E. Bates, Rebecca Scherpelz, Judy A. Bowen, Richard A. Komar, Nicholas TI CLINICAL EVALUATION AND OUTCOMES OF NATURALLY ACQUIRED WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION IN RAPTORS SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Clinical syndrome; disease; neurologic; raptor; rehabilitation; West Nile virus ID NORTH-AMERICAN OWLS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BIRDS; MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; MORBIDITY; PATHOLOGY; WILDLIFE AB West Nile virus (WNV) infection and associated disease and mortality have been documented in numerous North American raptor species. Information regarding clinical presentations and long-term outcomes of WNV-infected raptors is important in the clinic for the diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of prognosis, is well as for understanding potential population level effects on raptor species. Raptors of 22 species admitted to a rehabilitation clinic were tested, front 2002 to 2005, for previous and acute WNV infection, while comparing clinical syndromes, trauma, and rehabilitation outcomes. Forty-two percent of admitted raptors (132/314) had been infected with WNV, and these presented with a WNV-attributed clinical disease rate of 67.4% (89/132). West Nile virus-infected raptors were less likely to be released (79/132 [59.8%]) than negative raptors (138/182 [75.8%]) and more likely to die or be euthanized (47/132 [35.6%] for WNV-infected vs. 32/182 [17.6%] for WNV-negative). However, WNV-infected raptors with neurologic disease were no less likely to be released (29/53 [54.7%]) than those without neurologic disease (50/79 [63.3%]). Clinical WNV-associated syndromes varied among species. Great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) were more likely to have neurologic signs, whereas American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsonii) were less likely to have neurologic signs. These results suggest that free-ranging raptors are frequently infected with WNV and that clinical syndromes differ among species. WNV has potentially devastating effects on raptors: however, rehabilitation of WNV-infected raptors can lead to positive outcomes, even for those having had severe neurologic disease. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kratz, Gail E.; Bates, Rebecca; Scherpelz, Judy A.] Rocky Mt Raptor Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu FU Birds of Prey Foundation; Raptor Education Foundation; Laramie Raptor Refuge; Rocky Mountain Raptor Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors sincerely thank Sigrid Ueblacker of the Birds of Prey Foundation, Anne Price of the Raptor Education Foundation, and Catherine Symchych of Laramie Raptor Refuge for their support of raptor West Nile virus testing and for providing samples and clinical histories. The authors also thank Eric Edwards and Jason Velez for laboratory Support, and all the Volunteers and staff at the Rocky Mountain Raptor Program, especially Carin Avila, Marissa Grove, Jessica Plunkett, Mike Tincher, and Lisa Winta for their dedication to caring for the many raptors that benefit from the Rocky Mountain Raptor Program. This Study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1638/2007-0109.1 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 427JO UT WOS:000264775800007 PM 19368240 ER PT J AU Grant, GB Campbell, H Dowell, SF Graham, SM Klugman, KP Mulholland, EK Steinhoff, M Weber, MW Qazi, S AF Grant, Gavin B. Campbell, Harry Dowell, Scott F. Graham, Stephen M. Klugman, Keith P. Mulholland, E. Kim Steinhoff, Mark Weber, Martin W. Qazi, Shamim TI Recommendations for treatment of childhood non-severe pneumonia SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE AB WHO recommendations for early antimicrobial treatment of childhood pneumonia have been effective in reducing childhood mortality, but the last major revision was over 10 years ago. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, new pneumonia pathogens, and new drugs have prompted WHO to assemble an international panel to review the literature on childhood pneumonia and to develop evidence-based recommendations for the empirical treatment of non-severe pneumonia among children managed by first-level health providers. Treatment should target the bacterial causes most likely to lead to severe disease, including Streptoccocus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The best first-line agent is amoxicillin, given twice daily for 3-5 days, although co-trimoxazole may be an alternative in some settings. Treatment failure should be defined in a child who develops signs warranting immediate referral or who does not have a decrease in respiratory rate after 48-72 h of therapy. If failure occurs, and no indication for immediate referral exists, possible explanations for failure should be systematically determined, including non-adherence to therapy and alternative diagnoses. If failure of the first-line agent remains a possible explanation, suitable second-line agents include high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanic acid with or without an affordable macrolide for children over 3 years of age. C1 [Grant, Gavin B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Campbell, Harry] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dowell, Scott F.] CDC, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Graham, Stephen M.] Univ Malawi, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. [Graham, Stephen M.] Univ Malawi, Dept Paediat, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Graham, Stephen M.] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Graham, Stephen M.] Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Klugman, Keith P.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Klugman, Keith P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, MRC, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Mulholland, E. Kim] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England. [Mulholland, E. Kim] Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia. [Steinhoff, Mark] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Steinhoff, Mark] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Weber, Martin W.] Indonesia Country Off, WHO, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Qazi, Shamim] WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Grant, GB (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gbgrant@cdc.gov NR 92 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 413IT UT WOS:000263787500017 PM 19246022 ER PT J AU Bramlett, MD Read, D Bethell, C Blumberg, SJ AF Bramlett, Matthew D. Read, Debra Bethell, Christina Blumberg, Stephen J. TI Differentiating Subgroups of Children with Special Health Care Needs by Health Status and Complexity of Health Care Needs SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Children with special health care needs; Health status; Complexity of health care needs; Subclassification ID IDENTIFYING CHILDREN; MEDICAL HOME; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; COORDINATION; DEFINITION; CHILDHOOD; SEVERITY; SYSTEMS AB Objectives Our objective is to use the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener to identify subgroups of CSHCN differentiated by health status and complexity of need. Methods Data are from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 2001 and the National Survey of Children's Health, 2003 (conducted by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics); and the 2001 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. A broad array of variables measuring health status, complexity of need, and related issues are examined by subgroupings of CSHCN. Results Relative to other CSHCN, CSHCN with functional limitations or who qualify on more CSHCN Screener items have poorer health status and more complex health care needs. They more often experience a variety of health issues; their insurance is more often inadequate; the impact of their conditions on their families is higher; and their medical costs are higher. Conclusion In the absence of information on specific conditions, health status, or complexity of need, the CSHCN Screener alone can be used to create useful analytic subgroups that differ on these dimensions. The proposed subgroups, based on the type or number of CSHCN screening criteria, differentiate CSHCN by health status and complexity of health care needs, and also show differences in the impact of their conditions on their families, costs of their medical care, and prevalence of various health problems. C1 [Bramlett, Matthew D.; Blumberg, Stephen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Read, Debra; Bethell, Christina] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bramlett, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MBramlett@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0339-z PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300001 PM 18386168 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Kirby, RS Meyer, RE Xing, J Skerrette, NI Yuskiv, N Marengo, L Petrini, JR Davidoff, MJ Mai, CT Druschel, CM Viner-Brown, S Sever, LE AF Honein, Margaret A. Kirby, Russell S. Meyer, Robert E. Xing, Jian Skerrette, Nyasha I. Yuskiv, Nataliya Marengo, Lisa Petrini, Joann R. Davidoff, Michael J. Mai, Cara T. Druschel, Charlotte M. Viner-Brown, Samara Sever, Lowell E. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Netw TI The Association Between Major Birth Defects and Preterm Birth SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Birth defect; Preterm birth; Gestational age ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; MATERNAL OBESITY; INFANT-MORTALITY; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; RISK; POPULATION; DELIVERY AB Objective To evaluate the association between preterm birth and major birth defects by maternal and infant characteristics and specific types of birth defects. Study Design We pooled data for 1995-2000 from 13 states with population-based birth defects surveillance systems, representing about 30% of all U.S. births. Analyses were limited to singleton, live births from 24-44 weeks gestational age. Results Overall, birth defects were more than twice as common among preterm births (24-36 weeks) compared with term births (37-41 weeks gestation) (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62-2.68), and approximately 8% of preterm births had a birth defect. Birth defects were over five times more likely among very preterm births (24-31 weeks gestation) compared with term births (PR = 5.25, 95% CI 5.15-5.35), with about 16% of very preterm births having a birth defect. Defects most strongly associated with very preterm birth included central nervous system defects (PR = 16.23, 95% CI 15.49-17.00) and cardiovascular defects (PR = 9.29, 95% CI 9.03-9.56). Conclusions Birth defects contribute to the occurrence of preterm birth. Research to identify shared causal pathways and risk factors could suggest appropriate interventions to reduce both preterm birth and birth defects. C1 [Honein, Margaret A.; Xing, Jian; Yuskiv, Nataliya; Mai, Cara T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Meyer, Robert E.] N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, N Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Skerrette, Nyasha I.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marengo, Lisa] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Petrini, Joann R.; Davidoff, Michael J.] March Dimes Fdn, Perinatal Data Ctr, White Plains, NY USA. [Petrini, Joann R.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Druschel, Charlotte M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Albany, NY USA. [Viner-Brown, Samara] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Sever, Lowell E.] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MHonein@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0348-y PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300002 PM 18484173 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Callaghan, W Johnson, C Williams, L AF Whitehead, Nedra S. Callaghan, William Johnson, Chris Williams, Letitia TI Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Disparities in the Prevalence of Pregnancy Complications SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy complications; Urinary tract infections; Fetal membranes; Premature rupture; Placenta disorders ID UNITED-STATES; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA; MATERNAL MORBIDITY; PLACENTA PREVIA; RISK-FACTORS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; POPULATION; MEMBRANES; ABRUPTION; ACCURACY AB Objectives Our objective was to use maternal self-reported data to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infections, placenta disorders, and preterm rupture of the membranes (PROM) and to explore the association between these complications and race, ethnicity, and economic status. Methods We used data for the years 2000-2002 from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), an ongoing survey of women with a recent live birth, to examine the prevalence of and hospitalizations for self-reported urinary tract infections, placenta disorders, and PROM and to investigate differences by maternal race, Hispanic ethnicity, and economic status. Prevalence and hospitalizations were calculated as a percent of the represented population using SUDAAN to account for the sampling design. Results Urinary tract infections were commonly reported, occurring in more than 17% of women during their pregnancy. Placenta disorders and PROM were each reported by approximately 6% of women. Poverty and race had independent effects on each of the pregnancy complications examined. Fewer than half of the women who experienced these pregnancy complications were hospitalized. Conclusions Pregnancy complications are common and not adequately measured by hospitalizations alone. Both more research and improved surveillance are needed to understand the effect of pregnancy complications on women's health and the reasons for the increased risk among poor or black women. C1 [Whitehead, Nedra S.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Callaghan, William; Johnson, Chris; Williams, Letitia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitehead, NS (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nsw1@earthlink.net; WGC0@CDC.GOV; CHJ0@CDC.GOV; lqw0@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0344-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300005 PM 18484175 ER PT J AU Ethen, M Ramadhani, T Scheuerle, A Canfield, M Wyszynski, D Druschel, C Romitti, P AF Ethen, Mary K. Ramadhani, Tunu A. Scheuerle, Angela E. Canfield, Mark A. Wyszynski, Diego F. Druschel, Charlotte M. Romitti, Paul A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stu TI Alcohol Consumption by Women Before and During Pregnancy SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder CY MAR 07-10, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Alcohol drinking; Pregnant women; Women; Prevalence ID BRIEF INTERVENTION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RECOGNITION; DRINKING; PATTERNS; RISK AB Objectives To determine the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of alcohol consumption prior to and during various intervals of pregnancy in the U.S. Methods Alcohol-related, pregnancy-related, and demographic data were derived from computer-assisted telephone interviews with 4,088 randomly selected control mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who delivered live born infants without birth defects during 1997-2002. Alcohol consumption rates and crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results 30.3% of all women reported drinking alcohol at some time during pregnancy, of which 8.3% reported binge drinking (4+ drinks on one occasion). Drinking rates declined considerably after the first month of pregnancy, during which 22.5% of women reported drinking, although 2.7% of women reported drinking during all trimesters of pregnancy and 7.9% reported drinking during the 3rd trimester. Pre-pregnancy binge drinking was a strong predictor of both drinking during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 8.52, 95% CI = 6.67-10.88) and binge drinking during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 36.02, 95% CI = 24.63-52.69). Other characteristics associated with both any drinking and binge drinking during pregnancy were non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking during pregnancy, and having an unintended pregnancy. Conclusions Our study revealed that drinking during pregnancy is fairly common, three times the levels reported in surveys that ask only about drinking during the month before the survey. Women who binge drink before pregnancy are at particular risk for drinking after becoming pregnant. Sexually active women of childbearing ages who drink alcohol should be advised to use reliable methods to prevent pregnancy, plan their pregnancies, and stop drinking before becoming pregnant. C1 [Ethen, Mary K.; Ramadhani, Tunu A.; Scheuerle, Angela E.; Canfield, Mark A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX 78756 USA. [Scheuerle, Angela E.] Tesserae Genet, Dallas, TX USA. [Wyszynski, Diego F.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Druschel, Charlotte M.] New York State Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. RP Ethen, M (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1100 W 49th St,Rm T-707,Mail Code 1964, Austin, TX 78756 USA. EM mary.ethen@dshs.state.tx.us FU NCBDD CDC HHS [U50 DD713238]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU613232] NR 29 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0328-2 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300014 PM 18317893 ER PT J AU Bish, CL Chu, SY Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Sharma, AJ Blanck, HM AF Bish, Connie L. Chu, Susan Y. Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Sharma, Andrea J. Blanck, Heidi Michels TI Trying to Lose or Maintain Weight During Pregnancy-United States, 2003 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy; Weight control; Medical advice; Alcohol consumption ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK; GAIN; VALIDITY; OBESITY; PARTICIPANTS AB Objectives Current pregnancy weight gain recommendations are for women to gain between 15 and 40 pounds; weight loss or weight maintenance is not recommended. However, for many women, overweight and obesity are chronic conditions, and commitment to weight loss or maintenance could override advice to gain weight during pregnancy. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of trying to lose or maintain weight among U.S. women during pregnancy. Methods The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized, U.S. civilians aged a parts per thousand yen18 years. We identified women aged 18-44 years who reported being pregnant during 2003 (n = 2,464), assessed the prevalence of trying to lose or maintain weight and assessed independent associations with selected demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors using multinomial logistic regression. Results Among women who reported being pregnant, 7.5% (confidence interval [CI] = 5.7-9.8%) and 34.3% (CI = 31.0-37.7%) were trying to lose or maintain weight, respectively. Among women who reported trying to lose or maintain weight, exercise was a more prevalent weight control strategy than dietary change. After adjustment, women who drank alcohol during the past 30 days (Odds ratio [OR] = 8.86, CI: 4.51-17.42) or women who received advice in the past year to lose weight (OR = 9.10, CI: 3.20-25.87) were more likely to report trying to lose weight; women advised to maintain (OR = 0.20, CI: 0.07-0.60) or gain (OR = 0.04, CI: 0.01-0.23) weight were less likely to report trying to lose weight. Conclusions Despite guidelines to gain weight during pregnancy, about 8% and 34% of U.S. pregnant women reported trying to lose or maintain weight, respectively. Providers may encounter an increasing number of pregnant women whose weight control intentions conflict with current guidelines for pregnancy weight gain. Further research in this area is warranted. C1 [Bish, Connie L.; Chu, Susan Y.; Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bish, Connie L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.; Blanck, Heidi Michels] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bish, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aez2@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0349-x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300015 PM 18449630 ER PT J AU Zhan, CL Elixhauser, A Richards, CL Wang, Y Baine, WB Pineau, M Verzier, N Kliman, R Hunt, D AF Zhan, Chunliu Elixhauser, Anne Richards, Chesley L., Jr. Wang, Yun Baine, William B. Pineau, Michael Verzier, Nancy Kliman, Rebecca Hunt, David TI Identification of Hospital-Acquired Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections From Medicare Claims Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE administrative data; positive predictive value; urinary catheter; urinary tract infections ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; CARE; COMPLICATIONS AB Background and Objective: Hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the first 6 conditions Medicare is targeting to reduce payment associated with hospital-acquired conditions under Congressional mandate. This study was to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity in identifying patients in Medicare claims who had urinary catheterization and who had hospital-acquired CAUTIs. Research Design: CAUTIs identified by ICD-9-CM codes in Medicare claims were compared with those revealed by medical record abstraction in random samples of Medicare discharges in 2005 to 2006. Hospital discharge abstracts (2005) from the states of New York and California were used to estimate the potential impact of a present-on-admission (POA) indicator on PPV. Results: ICD-9-CM procedure codes for urinary catheterization appeared in only 1.4% of Medicare claims for patients who had urinary catheters. As a proxy, claims with major Surgery had a PPV of 75% and sensitivity of 48%, and claims with any surgical procedure had a PPV of 53% and sensitivity of 79% in identifying urinary catheterization. The PPV and sensitivity for identifying hospital-acquired CAUTIs varied, with the PPV at 30% and sensitivity at 65% in claims with major Surgery. About 80% of the secondary diagnosis codes indicating UTIs were flagged as POA, suggesting that the addition of POA indicators in Medicare claims Would increase PPV up to 86% and sensitivity up to 79% in identifying hospital-acquired CAUTIs. Conclusions: The validity in identifying urinary catheter use and CAUTIs from Medicare claims is limited, but will be increased substantially upon addition of a POA indicator. C1 [Zhan, Chunliu] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Evidence, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Richards, Chesley L., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wang, Yun; Pineau, Michael; Verzier, Nancy] Qualidigm, Middletown, CT USA. [Kliman, Rebecca] Ctr Medicare, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kliman, Rebecca] Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hunt, David] Off Natl Coordinator Hlth Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhan, CL (reprint author), Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Evidence, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM czhan@ahrq.hhs.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 364 EP 369 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 412VT UT WOS:000263753000014 PM 19194330 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Benken, DE Hunter, AS AF Dietz, William H. Benken, Donald E. Hunter, Alicia S. TI Public Health Law and the Prevention and Control of Obesity SO MILBANK QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Obesity; legal; law; health promotion ID SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; BODY-MASS INDEX; US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; AGE AB Context: Obesity constitutes a major public health challenge in the United States. Obesogenic environments have increased owing to the consumption of calorie-dense foods of low nutritional value and the reduction of daily physical activity (e.g., increased portion sizes of meals eaten in and out of the home and fewer physical activity requirements in schools). Policymakers and public health practitioners need to know the best practices and have the competencies to use laws and legal authorities to reverse the obesity epidemic. For instance, statutes and regulations at the federal, state, and local levels of government have been implemented to improve nutritional choices and access to healthy foods, encourage physical activity, and educate consumers about adopting healthy lifestyles. Methods: In an effort to understand the application of laws and legal authorities for obesity prevention and control, in June 2008 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened the National Summit on Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control. An outcome of this summit will be the publication of the proceeding's white papers written by eight law and subject-matter experts with substantive contributions from summit participants, which will identify actionable options that sectors and organizations at various jurisdictional levels can consider adopting. Findings: Law has played a critical role in the control of chronic diseases and the behaviors that lead to them. The use of a systematic legal framework-the use of legislation, regulation, and policy to address the multiple factors that contribute to obesogenic environments-can assist in the development, implementation, and evaluation of a variety of legal approaches for obesity prevention and control. Conclusions: Although public health-focused legal interventions are in an early stage and the direct and indirect impact they may have on the obesity epidemic is not yet understood, efforts such as the summit and white papers should help determine potentially viable legal interventions and assess their impact on population-level change. C1 [Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcd4@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We would like to thank Anthony Moulton, co-director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Law Program, for his support of and invaluable contribution to the development of this article. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-378X J9 MILBANK Q JI Milbank Q. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 1 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00553.x PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 417NH UT WOS:000264082300009 PM 19298421 ER PT J AU Sui, JH Hwang, WC Perez, S Wei, G Aird, D Chen, LM Santelli, E Stec, B Cadwell, G Ali, M Wan, HQ Murakami, A Yammanuru, A Han, T Cox, NJ Bankston, LA Donis, RO Liddington, RC Marasco, WA AF Sui, Jianhua Hwang, William C. Perez, Sandra Wei, Ge Aird, Daniel Chen, Li-mei Santelli, Eugenio Stec, Boguslaw Cadwell, Greg Ali, Maryam Wan, Hongquan Murakami, Akikazu Yammanuru, Anuradha Han, Thomas Cox, Nancy J. Bankston, Laurie A. Donis, Ruben O. Liddington, Robert C. Marasco, Wayne A. TI Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-FUSION; HEMAGGLUTININ STRUCTURES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; RECEPTOR-BINDING; DIFFRACTION DATA; H5N1; PROTEIN; EPITOPE; SUBTYPES; RESIDUES AB Influenza virus remains a serious health threat, owing to its ability to evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and reassortment. Here we used a human non-immune antibody phage-display library and the H5 hemagglutinin ectodomain to select ten neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that were effective against all group 1 influenza viruses tested, including H5N1 'bird flu' and the H1N1 'Spanish flu'. The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion. Nine of the nAbs employ the germline gene VH1-69, and all seem to use the same neutralizing mechanism. Our data further suggest that this region is recalcitrant to neutralization escape and that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. (c) 2009 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sui, Jianhua; Aird, Daniel; Ali, Maryam; Murakami, Akikazu; Yammanuru, Anuradha; Han, Thomas; Marasco, Wayne A.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sui, Jianhua; Aird, Daniel; Murakami, Akikazu; Yammanuru, Anuradha; Han, Thomas; Marasco, Wayne A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hwang, William C.; Wei, Ge; Santelli, Eugenio; Stec, Boguslaw; Cadwell, Greg; Bankston, Laurie A.; Liddington, Robert C.] Burnham Inst Med Res, Infect & Inflammatory Dis Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Perez, Sandra; Chen, Li-mei; Wan, Hongquan; Cox, Nancy J.; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sui, JH (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jianhua_sui@dfci.harvard.edu; rvd6@cdc.gov; wayne_marasco@dfci.harvard.edu RI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016; OI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863; SUI, JIANHUA/0000-0002-1272-9662 FU NIH [P41 RR-01081, U01-AI074518-01, P01-AI055789] FX We thank J. Appleton (Cornell University) for the gift of mouse mAbs against H5N1, 17A2.1.2 and 22F; A. Klimov (CDC) and A. Balish (CDC) for providing ferret antiserum and virus sequences; R. Webster (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital) for H11N9, H13N6 and H16N3; L. Quynh Mai (National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam Ministry of Health) for H5N1; W. Lim (Hong Kong Department of Health) for H5N1 and H9N2, as well as E. Sedyaningsih, T. Soendoro (National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Health) for H5N1 specimens; P. Palese (Mount Sinai School of Medicine) for pCAGGS-H1(SC) plasmid encoding the full-length hemagglutinin protein of H1-SC1918; M. Farzan (New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School) for pCAGGS-H1 (PR) plasmid encoding the hemagglutinin protein of H1-PR34 and X. Yang (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School) for pCAGGS-H7 (FPV) encoding H7-FP34 hemagglutinin; and R. Fuller (University of Michigan) for furin cDNA. We thank W. Yuan and W. Li for helpful discussions and Y. Lin for assistance in crystallization and critical discussion. We thank the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE) for access to the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the facility staff for assistance in X-ray data collection. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR-01081). This work was supported by NIH (U01-AI074518-01) to W. A. M. and in part by NIH (P01-AI055789) to R. C. L. NR 61 TC 613 Z9 630 U1 17 U2 148 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1566 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 415AF UT WOS:000263906000008 PM 19234466 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF Butler, MA AF Krieg, Edward F., Jr. Butler, Mary Ann TI Blood lead, serum homocysteine, and neurobehavioral test performance in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blood lead; Folate; Vitamin B12; Homocysteine; Neurobehavioral tests; NHANES III; NMDA; GABA ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; OLDER-ADULTS; FOLIC-ACID; METHIONINE METABOLISM; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; BRAIN MEMBRANES; GABA RECEPTORS; RENAL TUBULE AB Regression analysis was used to estimate and test for relationships between blood lead, serum folate, red blood cell folate, serum vitamin B12, serum homocysteine, and neurobehavioral test performance in adults, 20-59 years old, participating in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The three neurobehavioral tests included in the survey were simple reaction time, symbol-digit substitution, and serial digit learning. Serum folate, red blood cell folate, and serum vitamin B12 decreased as the blood lead concentration increased. Serum homocysteine increased as the blood lead concentration increased. Serum homocysteine decreased as the serum folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased. Neurobehavioral test performance was not related to the blood lead, serum folate, or serum vitamin B12 concentrations. In adults 20-39 years old, performance on the serial digit learning test improved as the serum homocysteine concentration increased. In adults 40-59 years old, neurobehavioral test performance was not related to the serum homocysteine concentration. Homocysteine may impair cognitive function by acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,and improve cognitive function by acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate or gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Krieg, Edward F., Jr.] NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM erk3@cdc.gov NR 87 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.12.014 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 429HY UT WOS:000264912700015 PM 19459225 ER PT J AU Pettee, KK Ham, SA Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE AF Pettee, Kelley K. Ham, Sandra A. Macera, Caroline A. Ainsworth, Barbara E. TI The Reliability of a Survey Question on Television Viewing and Associations With Health Risk Factors in US Adults SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; ASSESS PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INACTIVITY PATTERNS; SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; COMPENDIUM; EXERCISE; LEVEL; WOMEN AB Research into the accuracy of self-reported measures used to quantify physical inactivity has been limited. The purposes of the current report were to examine the reliability of a survey question assessing time spent watching television and to describe associations between television watching and physical activity and health risk factors. Data from this cross-sectional investigation were obtained from a study designed to evaluate a physical activity module for potential use in the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants were 93 men and women (aged 45.9 (15.4) years) who answered the question pertaining to television watching during an initial visit and three follow-up visits to the study center. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between administrations of the survey question were used to assess test-retest reliability. Spearman rank order correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations of television viewing with physical activity and health risk factors. The test-retest reliability of the television-watching question suggested moderate agreement (ICCs of 0.42 and 0.55 over a 3-week and 1-week period, respectively). After adjustment for age and sex, reported television-watching hours were positively associated with BMI (P = 0.0002), percentage fat (P = 0.0001), and light-intensity physical activity (P = 0.006) and negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (P = 0.004) and moderate-intensity and hard- intensity physical activity (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). Increased time spent in sedentary behaviors has been identified as a major modifiable risk factor in the development of chronic diseases and conditions. The single-item survey question evaluated in this study was shown to be a reliable measure of television watching and was associated with physical activity and health risk factor outcomes. C1 [Pettee, Kelley K.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Promot Social & Behav Hlth, Omaha, NE USA. [Ham, Sandra A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Ainsworth, Barbara E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Pettee, KK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Promot Social & Behav Hlth, Omaha, NE USA. EM kpettee@unmc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant [U48/CCU409664] FX This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant number U48/CCU409664, funded to the Prevention Research Center, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.554 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413JF UT WOS:000263788700012 PM 19238138 ER PT J AU Martin, CJ Antonini, JM Doney, BC AF Martin, Christopher J. Antonini, James M. Doney, Brent C. TI A case report of elevated blood cadmium SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Blood sampling; cadmium; cigarette smoking; metal imbalance; tobacco constituents AB A 45-year-old male paint technician was identified as having an elevated whole-blood cadmium of 5.9 mu g/l (Occupational and Safety Health Administration reference range for workers: <= 5.0 mu g/l) through a routine workplace biological monitoring programme. Other than smoking 1.5-2 packs of cigarettes daily for 23 years, no additional non-occupational exposures to cadmium were identified. Whole-blood cadmium results taken 5, 4 and 2 years earlier were 3.1, 4.0 and 4.3 mu g/l, respectively. After reassignment to a position without cadmium exposure, his whole-blood cadmium level 7 weeks later was 6.1 mu g/l. A careful exposure history revealed that he had recently changed the brand of cigarettes he smoked. When he switched back to his original brand and reduced his consumption to one pack per day, his cadmium level fell to 2.9 mu g/l taken 12 weeks after the initial elevated result. Eight weeks after returning to his original position with cadmium exposure, the value was 3.4 mu g/l. No elevation in urine cadmium was noted at any point. An analysis of the tobacco revealed that the cadmium content of the new brand was almost 1.5-fold greater than the original brand. These results suggest that the consumption of different brands of cigarettes can lead to marked variations in whole-blood cadmium levels. C1 [Martin, Christopher J.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Inst Occupat & Environm Hlth, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Antonini, James M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Doney, Brent C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Martin, CJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Inst Occupat & Environm Hlth, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM cmartin@hsc.wvu.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0962-7480 J9 OCCUP MED-OXFORD JI Occup. Med.-Oxf. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 DI 10.1093/occmed/kqn163 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410VC UT WOS:000263605400014 PM 19147796 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CM Howe, CM Waters, TR Nelson, A AF Gonzalez, Cynthia M. Howe, Cynthia M. Waters, Thomas R. Nelson, Audrey TI Recommendations for Turning Patients With Orthopaedic Impairments SO ORTHOPAEDIC NURSING LA English DT Article AB Nurses and other caregivers face high risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders associated with turning (logrolling) patients with orthopaedic conditions. The task is considered high risk on the basis of weight limits and awkward positioning. A task force including representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses the American Nurses Association, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Patient Safety Center of Inquiry at the James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center in Tampa, Diligent Services, and Guldmann, Inc., developed an ergonomic tool for determining best practices for safe patient turning. Scientific evidence, concepts of ergonomic safety, and safe patient handling equipment were incorporated into this ergonomic tool. C1 [Gonzalez, Cynthia M.] Weiss Mem Hosp, Natl Assoc Orthopaed Nurses & Nurse Educator, Chicago, IL USA. [Howe, Cynthia M.] City Hosp, TCU, Martinsburg, WV USA. [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Nelson, Audrey] James A Haley VAMC, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL USA. RP Gonzalez, CM (reprint author), Weiss Mem Hosp, Natl Assoc Orthopaed Nurses & Nurse Educator, Chicago, IL USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0744-6020 J9 ORTHOP NURS JI Orthop. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP S9 EP S12 PG 4 WC Nursing; Orthopedics SC Nursing; Orthopedics GA 424UP UT WOS:000264594100003 PM 19339858 ER PT J AU Radawiec, SM Howe, C Gonzalez, CM Waters, TR Nelson, A AF Radawiec, Stephanie M. Howe, Cynthia Gonzalez, Cynthia M. Waters, Thomas R. Nelson, Audrey TI Safe Ambulation of an Orthopaedic Patient SO ORTHOPAEDIC NURSING LA English DT Article AB Nurses and other caregivers face high risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders associated with manual ambulation of patients with orthopaedic conditions. In addition to the physical demands needed to support the patient's weight during ambulation, injury risk increases if the patient falls. A task force including representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, American Nurses Association, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Patient Safety Center of Inquiry at the James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center in Tampa developed an ergonomic tool for determining best practices for safe ambulation of orthopaedic patients (C. A. Sedlak, M. O. Doheny, A. Nelson, & T. R. Waters, 2009). Scientific evidence, concepts of ergonomic safety, and safe patient-handling equipment were incorporated into an ergonomic tool designed to increase safety and reduce unnecessary variation in practice associated with this high-risk patient-hand ling task (National Institute for Occupational Safety Health, 1997; National Research Council/Institute of Medicine, 2001; A. Nelson, 2006; T. Waters, 2007). C1 [Radawiec, Stephanie M.] Diligent Consulting Serv, Roselle, IL USA. [Howe, Cynthia; Gonzalez, Cynthia M.] Natl Assoc Orthopaed Nurses, Chicago, IL USA. [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Nelson, Audrey] James A Haley VAMC, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL USA. RP Radawiec, SM (reprint author), Diligent Consulting Serv, Roselle, IL USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0744-6020 J9 ORTHOP NURS JI Orthop. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP S24 EP S27 PG 4 WC Nursing; Orthopedics SC Nursing; Orthopedics GA 424UP UT WOS:000264594100006 PM 19339855 ER PT J AU Sedlak, CA Doheny, MO Nelson, A Waters, TR AF Sedlak, Carol A. Doheny, Margaret O. Nelson, Audrey Waters, Thomas R. TI Development of the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses Guidance Statement on Safe Patient Handling and Movement in the Orthopaedic Setting SO ORTHOPAEDIC NURSING LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AB High-risk patient-handling tasks lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders for orthopaedic nurses and other members of the healthcare team who are involved in moving patients with orthopaedic issues. Serious consequences can arise from manually moving/lifting these patients. A task force was organized that included representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, the Patient Safety Center of inquiry at the James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center in Tampa, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the American Nurses Association to identify high-risk tasks performed in the orthopaedic setting and to develop evidence-based solutions to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. High-risk tasks for moving and lifting orthopaedic patients were identified. Four orthopaedic algorithms and a clinical tool were developed by the task force to direct nurses and healthcare team members caring for orthopaedic patients through the use of scientific evidence and available safe patient-handling equipment and devices. C1 [Sedlak, Carol A.; Doheny, Margaret O.] Kent State Univ, Coll Nursing, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Nelson, Audrey] James Haley VAMC, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL USA. [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sedlak, CA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Coll Nursing, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0744-6020 J9 ORTHOP NURS JI Orthop. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP S2 EP S8 PG 7 WC Nursing; Orthopedics SC Nursing; Orthopedics GA 424UP UT WOS:000264594100002 PM 19339854 ER PT J AU Waters, TR Sedlak, CA Howe, CM Gonzalez, CM Doheny, MO Patterson, M Nelson, A AF Waters, Thomas R. Sedlak, Carol A. Howe, Cynthia M. Gonzalez, Cynthia M. Doheny, Margaret O. Patterson, Miki Nelson, Audrey TI Recommended Weight Limits for Lifting and Holding Limbs in the Orthopaedic Practice Setting SO ORTHOPAEDIC NURSING LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING REST ALLOWANCES AB Nurses and other caregivers face high risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders while lifting and holding limbs in the orthopaedic practice setting. A task force including representatives from the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses, American Nurses Association, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Patient Safety Center of Inquiry at the James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center in Tampa, Diligent Services, and Guldmann, Inc., developed an orthopaedic clinical tool for determining maximum recommended weight limits for lifting and holding arms and legs for treatment of the orthopaedic patient. Scientific evidence, concepts of ergonomic safety, and safe patient-handling equipment were incorporated into this clinical tool. C1 [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sedlak, Carol A.; Doheny, Margaret O.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Howe, Cynthia M.; Gonzalez, Cynthia M.; Patterson, Miki] Natl Assoc Orthopaed Nurses, Chicago, IL USA. [Nelson, Audrey] James A Haley VAMC, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL USA. RP Waters, TR (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0744-6020 J9 ORTHOP NURS JI Orthop. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP S28 EP S32 PG 5 WC Nursing; Orthopedics SC Nursing; Orthopedics GA 424UP UT WOS:000264594100007 PM 19339856 ER PT J AU Haberling, DL Holman, RC Paddock, CD Murphy, TV AF Haberling, Dana L. Holman, Robett C. Paddock, Christopher D. Murphy, Trudy V. TI Infant and Maternal Risk Factors for Pertussis-Related Infant Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infants; pertussis; death; mortality; risk factors; hispanic; ethnicity; female ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; YOUNG INFANTS; REPORTED PERTUSSIS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATIONS; VACCINATION; DEATHS; DESIGN AB Background: Infants aged <12 months have the highest rates of complications and death from pertussis of any age group. Factors that increase the risk of pertussis-related death in infants are not well defined. Methods: The US Multiple Cause-of-Death and Linked Birth/Infant Death databases were used for 1999 to 2004 to examine pertussis-related infant mortality rates and to obtain anonymous records of infants with pertussis listed as a cause of death and of surviving infants. Infant and maternal characteristics present at the time of birth for infants who died with pertussis were compared with those Of Surviving infants. Results: During 1999 to 2004, 91 infant deaths were reported with pertussis as a cause of death. All infants were 7 months or younger; 58% were age <2 months. The average annual infant mortality rate attributed to pertussis was 3.8 (95% Cl: 3.0-4.6) per 1,000,000 live births, and 13.1 (95% Cl: 9.8-17.1) per 1,000,000 live births for infants aged <2 months. Infant pertussis deaths showed an independent association with birth weight <2500 g, female sex, Apgar score <8, and mother with <12 years education. The mortality rate among Hispanic infants aged <2 months was 2.6 times greater than among non-Hispanic infants of similar age. Conclusions: Ensuring pertussis booster vaccination of adults and adolescents in close contact with an infant is warranted to prevent transmission of pertussis to vulnerable infants, particularly infants too young to be immunized. Special emphasis should be given to women and infant settings in which the risk of infant pertussis death might be increased. C1 [Haberling, Dana L.; Holman, Robett C.; Paddock, Christopher D.] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Murphy, Trudy V.] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haberling, DL (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31818c9032 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 416LL UT WOS:000264007500006 PM 19209089 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Curns, AT Cortese, MM Weintraub, ES Hambidge, S Zangwill, KM Patel, MM Baggs, JM Parashar, UD AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Curns, Aaron T. Cortese, Margaret M. Weintraub, Eric S. Hambidge, Simon Zangwill, Kenneth M. Patel, Manish M. Baggs, James M. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits in US Children That Is Potentially Preventable by Rotavirus Vaccination: A Probe Study Using the Now-Withdrawn RotaShield Vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccination; disease burden; vaccine effectiveness ID UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA; INTUSSUSCEPTION; SURVEILLANCE; ETIOLOGY; EFFICACY; INFANTS; SAFETY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORBIDITY AB BACKGROUND. With the implementation of a new rotavirus immunization program in the United States in 2006, determining the potential health benefits of rotavirus vaccination is important. We estimated the burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in US children that are potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of children who in 1998-1999 were eligible to receive a now-withdrawn rotavirus vaccine (RotaShield) and were continuously enrolled in 1 of 6 managed care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness against all-cause gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits adjusted according to month of birth, gender, and managed care organizations were calculated as 1 minus the risk ratio of outcomes among children in different dose groups. The burden of acute gastroenteritis prevented by vaccination was compared with the rotavirus burden estimated by 2 previously used indirect methods. RESULTS. The effectiveness of a full 3-dose RotaShield series over a 1-year follow-up period was 83% against all-cause gastroenteritis hospitalizations and 43% against all-cause gastroenteritis emergency department visits. An increasing number of doses improved the effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis hospitalizations, but no clear trend was observed between number of doses and effectiveness in prevention of gastroenteritis emergency department visits. The proportion of gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits prevented by vaccination was substantially greater than the 48% to 53% of year-round hospitalizations and 33% of emergency department visits estimated to result from rotavirus by indirect methods. CONCLUSIONS. The withdrawn rotavirus vaccine was highly effective in preventing hospitalizations and emergency department visits for all-cause acute gastroenteritis and the health benefits of vaccination against rotavirus may be greater than previously estimated. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 744-749 C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Curns, Aaron T.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Patel, Manish M.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weintraub, Eric S.; Baggs, James M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hambidge, Simon] Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO USA. [Zangwill, Kenneth M.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, UCLA Ctr Vaccine Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1200 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500002 PM 19254997 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, David S. Dietz, William H. Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. TI Risk Factors and Adult Body Mass Index Among Overweight Children: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BMI for age; overweight; blacks; children; risk factors; lipids; blood pressure; insulin ID TO-HEIGHT RATIO; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; METABOLIC RISK; FAT MASS; EXPERT COMMITTEE; WHITE-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-RISKS; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS AB OBJECTIVE. Compared with thinner children, overweight children (BMI for age between the 85th and 94th Centers for Disease Control and Prevention percentiles) have moderately elevated levels of lipids and blood pressure and are at increased risk for becoming obese adults. We examined the ability of BMI for age, the skinfold sum (subscapular + triceps), and the waist/height ratio to identify which overweight children are at greatest risk. METHODS. Cross-sectional (n = 2501) and longitudinal (n = 2124) analyses were performed among subjects who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. RESULTS. Levels of risk factors and adult BMI (median: 32 kg/m(2)) among overweight children were midway between those of thinner children and obese children (BMI for age >= 95th percentile). Although there was a wide range of skinfold sums among the overweight children, levels of BMI for age and the skinfold sum provided relatively little information on adverse risk-factor levels and adult BMI. Overweight children with a relatively high (upper tertile) waist/height ratio, however, were similar to 2 to 3 times more likely to have adverse levels of most risk factors than were those with a low waist/height ratio. CONCLUSIONS. Overweight children vary substantially in terms of body fatness and risk-factor levels. Among these overweight children, levels of waist/height ratio are more strongly associated with adverse risk-factor levels than are levels of BMI for age or skinfold thickness. Additional information is needed on the relation of childhood waist/height ratio to adult complications. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 750-757 C1 [Freedman, David S.; Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Berenson, Gerald S.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfreedman@cdc.gov FU National Institutes of Aging [AG-16592] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Aging grant AG-16592. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 750 EP 757 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1284 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500003 PM 19254998 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Jereb, JA Castro, KG AF Lobato, Mark N. Jereb, John A. Castro, Kenneth G. TI Do We Have Evidence for Policy Changes in the Treatment of Children With Latent Tuberculosis Infection? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; RIFAMPIN; TRIAL; PYRAZINAMIDE C1 [Lobato, Mark N.; Jereb, John A.; Castro, Kenneth G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jereb, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxj4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 902 EP 903 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2664 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500023 PM 19255018 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK Kenneson, A Kolor, K Brown, MA AF Bobo, Janet Kay Kenneson, Aileen Kolor, Katherine Brown, Michael A. TI Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Cardiac Care Among Female Carriers of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; muscular dystrophy; women's health; genetic carrier ID HEART-DISEASE; DMD GENE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; MUTATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; TRACKING; COHORT AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess women's knowledge and heart health behaviors consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for cardiac care among female carriers of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. METHODS. Using an advocacy group mailing list and working with 50 Muscular Dystrophy Association clinics, we surveyed women who had given birth to a son with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, thought that they were definitely or probably (>= 50% likelihood) a Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carrier, or both. Self-report data classified respondents as carriers, noncarriers, or women with unknown status. RESULTS. The respondents included 833 Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carriers, 376 noncarriers, and 192 women with unknown status. Carriers were more likely than noncarriers and women in the unknown-status group to have ever undergone electrocardiography or other heart testing and to have seen a cardiologist in the past year, but they were not more likely to report a recent blood pressure or cholesterol level check. Only 64.4% of the carriers had ever had a heart test; 18.3% had seen a cardiologist in the past year. Only 62.9% of the carriers were aware of their cardiomyopathy risks before participating in the survey; 69.3% had informed their health care provider of their carrier status. Among carriers who had informed their provider, 70.2% had ever had a heart test and 21.4% had seen a cardiologist in the past year. In adjusted logistic regression models, factors that significantly increased the likelihood among carriers of ever having had a heart test and seeing a cardiologist in the previous year included older age (>= 50 years), feeling informed about their cardiomyopathy risks before the survey, and having told their provider about their carrier status. CONCLUSION. More health education efforts are needed for both patients and their providers, to improve adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics cardiac care guidelines for female Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carriers. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e471-e475 C1 [Bobo, Janet Kay] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Kenneson, Aileen] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kolor, Katherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM boboj@battelle.org NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP e471 EP e475 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2643 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500063 PM 19254982 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Homa, DM Meyer, PA Brody, DJ Caldwell, KL Pirkle, JL Brown, MJ AF Jones, Robert L. Homa, David M. Meyer, Pamela A. Brody, Debra J. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Pirkle, James L. Brown, Mary Jean TI Trends in Blood Lead Levels and Blood Lead Testing Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years, 1988-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lead; childhood lead poisoning; blood lead ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MU-G/DL; EXPOSURE; SPECTROMETRY; POPULATION; NHANES AB OBJECTIVES. To evaluate trends in children's blood lead levels and the extent of blood lead testing of children at risk for lead poisoning from national surveys conducted during a 16-year period in the United States. METHODS. Data for children aged 1 to 5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Phase I, 1988-1991, and Phase II, 1991-1994 were compared to data from the survey period 1999-2004. RESULTS. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels, >= 10 mu g/dL, among children decreased from 8.6% in 1988-1991 to 1.4% in 1999-2004, which is an 84% decline. From 1988-1991 and 1999-2004, children's geometric mean blood lead levels declined in non-Hispanic black (5.2-2.8 mu g/dL), Mexican American (3.9-1.9 mu g/dL), and non-Hispanic white children (3.1 mu g/dL to 1.7 mu g/dL). However, levels continue to be highest among non-Hispanic black children relative to Mexican American and non-Hispanic white children. Blood lead levels were distributed as follows: 14.0% were < 1.0 mu g/dL, 55.0% were 1.0 to < 2.5 mu g/dL, 23.6% were 2.5 to < 5 mu g/dL, 4.5% were 5 to < 7.5 mu g/dL, 1.5% were 7.5 to < 10 mu g/dL, and 1.4% were >= 10 mu g/dL. Multivariable analysis indicated that residence in older housing, poverty, age, and being non-Hispanic black are still major risk factors for higher lead levels. Blood lead testing of Medicaid-enrolled children increased to 41.9% from 19.2% in 1988 1991. Only 43.0% of children with elevated blood lead levels had previously been tested. CONCLUSIONS. Children's blood lead levels continue to decline in the United States, even in historically high-risk groups for lead poisoning. To maintain progress made and eliminate remaining disparities, efforts must continue to test children at high risk for lead poisoning, and identify and control sources of lead. Coordinated prevention strategies at national, state, and local levels will help achieve the goal of elimination of elevated blood lead levels. Pediatrics 2009;123:e376-e385 C1 [Jones, Robert L.; Homa, David M.; Meyer, Pamela A.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Pirkle, James L.; Brown, Mary Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Brody, Debra J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rljones@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 42 TC 136 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP e376 EP e385 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3608 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500049 PM 19254973 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Moorman, JE Garbe, PL Sondik, EJ AF Akinbami, Lara J. Moorman, Jeanne E. Garbe, Paul L. Sondik, Edward J. TI Status of Childhood Asthma in the United States, 1980-2007 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the State of Childhood Asthma and Future Directions CY DEC, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Merck Childhood Asthma Network DE asthma; trends; epidemiology; data analysis ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; URBAN COMMUNITIES; MEDICAID PROGRAM; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; CARE; IMPACT; RATES; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data were used to describe 1980-2007 trends among children 0 to 17 years of age and recent patterns according to gender, race, and age. Asthma period prevalence increased by 4.6% per year from 1980 to 1996. New measures introduced in 1997 show a plateau at historically high levels; 9.1% of US children (6.7 million) currently had asthma in 2007. Ambulatory care visit rates fluctuated during the 1990s, whereas emergency department visits and hospitalization rates decreased slightly. Asthma-related death rates increased through the middle 1990s but decreased after 1999. Recent data showed higher prevalence among older children (11-17 years), but the highest rates of asthma-related health care use were among the youngest children (0-4 years). After controlling for racial differences in prevalence, disparities in adverse outcomes remained; among children with asthma, non-Hispanic black children had greater risks for emergency department visits and death, compared with non-Hispanic white children. For hospitalizations, for which Hispanic ethnicity data were not available, black children had greater risk than white children. However, nonemergency ambulatory care use was lower for non-Hispanic black children. Although the large increases in childhood asthma prevalence have abated, the burden remains large. Potentially avoidable adverse outcomes and racial disparities continue to present challenges. These findings suggest the need for sustained asthma prevention and control efforts for children. Pediatrics 2009; 123:S131-S145 C1 [Akinbami, Lara J.; Sondik, Edward J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20895 USA. [Akinbami, Lara J.] US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Moorman, Jeanne E.; Garbe, Paul L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Akinbami, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6117, Hyattsville, MD 20895 USA. EM lakinbami@cdc.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 71 TC 395 Z9 400 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 BP S131 EP S145 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2233C PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XL UT WOS:000263826000002 PM 19221156 ER PT J AU Willy, M Kelly, JP Nourjah, P Kaufman, DW Budnitz, DS Staffa, J AF Willy, Mary Kelly, Judith P. Nourjah, Parivash Kaufman, David W. Budnitz, Daniel S. Staffa, Judy TI Emergency department visits attributed to selected analgesics, United States, 2004-2005 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE analgesics; emergency department; adverse events ID ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; US ADULT-POPULATION; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE; ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY; NONPRESCRIPTION; PRESCRIPTION; CHILDREN AB Purpose To estimate the rate of emergency department (ED) visits attributed to selected analgesic-containing medications. Methods We used a nationally representative public health surveillance system to provide estimates of adverse events identified in EDs, and a national telephone survey to provide estimates of selected analgesic-containing medication usage in the US population, 2004-2005. Analysis was restricted to products containing acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Types of adverse events and outcomes were compared. Estimated numbers and rates of ED visits were calculated by analgesic groupings and patient age groups. Results The estimated overall rate of ED visits attributed to analgesic-containing medications was 1.6 visits/100 000 users per week. The very old and very young had the highest rates; there were minimal differences in rates by patient gender. Acetaminophen was the attributed drug with the most estimated ED visits and generally had the highest rates of ED visits. The highest estimated rate for a specific product group was among subjects 18-64 years of age taking narcotic-acetaminophen products (8.9 ED visits /100 000 users per week). Overall, 12% of patients presenting to EDs with analgesic-attributed events were hospitalized. Conclusions Rates of ED visits due to analgesics vary depending on the age of the patient and the product; most do not result in hospitalization. Although the rate of emergency visits is relatively low, because of the wide use of the analgesics, public health impact is considerable. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Willy, Mary; Staffa, Judy] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kelly, Judith P.; Kaufman, David W.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nourjah, Parivash] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Evidence, Rockville, MD USA. [Budnitz, Daniel S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Willy, M (reprint author), 10903 New Hampshire Ave,Room 2488, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM mary.willy@fda.hhs.gov FU Slone Epidemiology Center funds; FDA FX The authors greatly appreciate the contributions to the Slone Survey of Theresa Anderson, study coordinator; Marie Berarducci and Marilyn Wasti, study supervisors; Gene Sun, information systems; and the interviewing staff. Slone Survey data collection was supported by internal Slone Epidemiology Center funds; the present analysis was supported by the FDA. The authors thank Kelly Weidenbach, M.P.H., and Victor Johnson of CDC and Cathy Irish, B.S., and Joel Friedman, B.A. of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission for assistance with data collection and database management in NEISS-CADES. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1002/pds.1691 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 421PR UT WOS:000264371300002 PM 19116955 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Lee, SJ Goodman, C Fernandez, FM Yeung, S Phanouvong, S Kaur, H Amin, AA Whitty, CJM Kokwaro, GO Lindegardh, N Lukulay, P White, LJ Day, NPJ Green, MD White, NJ AF Newton, Paul N. Lee, Sue J. Goodman, Catherine Fernandez, Facundo M. Yeung, Shunmay Phanouvong, Souly Kaur, Harparkash Amin, Abdinasir A. Whitty, Christopher J. M. Kokwaro, Gilbert O. Lindegardh, Niklas Lukulay, Patrick White, Lisa J. Day, Nicholas P. J. Green, Michael D. White, Nicholas J. TI Guidelines for Field Surveys of the Quality of Medicines: A Proposal SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG QUALITY; KENYAN RETAIL SECTOR; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FAKE ARTESUNATE; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; MALARIA; APPLICABILITY; COUNTERFEIT; PREVALENCE; PHARMACIES C1 [Newton, Paul N.; Day, Nicholas P. J.; White, Nicholas J.] Univ Oxford, Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Viangchan, Laos. [Newton, Paul N.; Lee, Sue J.; Yeung, Shunmay; Lindegardh, Niklas; White, Lisa J.; Day, Nicholas P. J.; White, Nicholas J.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England. [Newton, Paul N.; Kaur, Harparkash; Whitty, Christopher J. M.] Univ London, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. [Lee, Sue J.; Lindegardh, Niklas; White, Lisa J.; Day, Nicholas P. J.; White, Nicholas J.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Goodman, Catherine; Kokwaro, Gilbert O.] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Goodman, Catherine; Yeung, Shunmay] Univ London, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, Hlth Econ & Financing Programme, London, England. [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Phanouvong, Souly; Lukulay, Patrick] Int Tech Alliances Program, Drug Qual & Informat Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Amin, Abdinasir A.] Strengthening Pharmaceut Syst Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Viangchan, Laos. EM paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; Whitty, Christopher/C-7740-2012; White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Whitty, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-5027 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR e1000052 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000052 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 447TM UT WOS:000266214700011 PM 19320538 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RJ Cruz-Ortiz, N Rizzo, N Richards, J Zea-Flores, G Dominguez, A Sauerbrey, M Catu, E Oliva, O Richards, FO Lindblade, KA AF Gonzalez, Rodrigo J. Cruz-Ortiz, Nancy Rizzo, Nidia Richards, Jane Zea-Flores, Guillermo Dominguez, Alfredo Sauerbrey, Mauricio Catu, Eduardo Oliva, Orlando Richards, Frank O., Jr. Lindblade, Kim A. TI Successful Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Escuintla-Guatemala Focus, Guatemala SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IVERMECTIN; INFECTION; ELIMINATION; PREVALENCE; VECTORS AB Background: Elimination of onchocerciasis (river blindness) through mass administration of ivermectin in the six countries in Latin America where it is endemic is considered feasible due to the relatively small size and geographic isolation of endemic foci. We evaluated whether transmission of onchocerciasis has been interrupted in the endemic focus of Escuintla-Guatemala in Guatemala, based on World Health Organization criteria for the certification of elimination of onchocerciasis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted evaluations of ocular morbidity and past exposure to Onchocerca volvulus in the human population, while potential vectors (Simulium ochraceum) were captured and tested for O. volvulus DNA; all of the evaluations were carried out in potentially endemic communities (PEC; those with a history of actual or suspected transmission or those currently under semiannual mass treatment with ivermectin) within the focus. The prevalence of microfilariae in the anterior segment of the eye in 329 individuals (>= 7 years old, resident in the PEC for at least 5 years) was 0% (one-sided 95% confidence interval [CI] 0-0.9%). The prevalence of antibodies to a recombinant O. volvulus antigen (Ov-16) in 6,432 school children (aged 6 to 12 years old) was 0% (one-sided 95% IC 0-0.05%). Out of a total of 14,099 S. ochraceum tested for O. volvulus DNA, none was positive (95% CI 0-0.01%). The seasonal transmission potential was, therefore, 0 infective stage larvae per person per season. Conclusions/Significance: Based on these evaluations, transmission of onchocerciasis in the Escuintla-Guatemala focus has been successfully interrupted. Although this is the second onchocerciasis focus in Latin America to have demonstrated interruption of transmission, it is the first focus with a well-documented history of intense transmission to have eliminated O. volvulus. C1 [Gonzalez, Rodrigo J.; Cruz-Ortiz, Nancy; Rizzo, Nidia; Richards, Jane] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Zea-Flores, Guillermo; Dominguez, Alfredo; Sauerbrey, Mauricio; Oliva, Orlando] Onchocerciasis Eliminat Program Amer OEPA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Catu, Eduardo] Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Richards, Frank O., Jr.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lindblade, Kim A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gonzalez, RJ (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM kil2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Atlanta, GA); Onchocerciasis Elimination Program of the Americas (OEPA) (Guatemala City, Guatemala); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, WA) FX These studies were funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Atlanta, GA) and the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program of the Americas (OEPA) (Guatemala City, Guatemala). The OEPA funds were provided through a grant by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, WA) to The Carter Center (Atlanta, GA). Scientists from both the CDC and OEPA, but not the Gates Foundation, were involved in all aspects of study design, data collection, interpretation and manuscript preparation. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 AR e404 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000404 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 438DT UT WOS:000265536800020 PM 19333366 ER PT J AU Hotez, PJ Wilkins, PP AF Hotez, Peter J. Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Toxocariasis: America's Most Common Neglected Infection of Poverty and a Helminthiasis of Global Importance? SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS; OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS; ZOONOTIC TOXOCARIASIS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; CANIS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIGEN; SEROPREVALENCE; CHILDREN C1 [Hotez, Peter J.] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hotez, Peter J.] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hotez, PJ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM mtmpjh@gwumc.edu; pwilkins@cdc.gov OI Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 AR e400 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000400 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 438DT UT WOS:000265536800016 PM 19333373 ER PT J AU Christophi, CA Sawides, ECG Warren, CW Demokritou, P Connolly, GN AF Christophi, Costas A. Sawides, Elena Charis G. Warren, Charles W. Demokritou, Philip Connolly, Gregory N. TI Main determinants of cigarette smoking in youth based on the 2006 Cyprus GYTS SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cigarette smoking prevention; Smoking determinants; Multivariate logistic models; GYTS; Cyprus ID ENVIRONMENT; STUDENTS AB Objective. The goal of the study is to identify predictors of current cigarette smoking in adolescents within the school, home, and broader social environment. Method. A two stage cluster sample design was used to select a representative sample of students from all middle and high schools in Cyprus in 2005-2006. Standardized Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology was employed in administering the questionnaires and processing the results. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression with the outcome variable being current smoking. Results. After adjusting for the effect of other predictors in the model, the strongest predictor of adolescent smoking was smoking peers. Having parents and grandparents that smoke, concerns about weight, access to pocket money, ease of buying cigarettes, owning an item with a cigarette logo on it, the belief that smokers are less attractive, and the false consensus effect all remain statistically significant predictors. Conclusion. In designing smoking prevention programs, factors pertaining to the school, social and familial circle of adolescents as well as misconceptions on the link between smoking and physical appearance need to be considered. Such programs can act as empowering tools to complement legal measures which need to be firmly enforced and constantly revised to be effective. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Christophi, Costas A.; Sawides, Elena Charis G.; Demokritou, Philip] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cyprus Int Inst Environm & Publ Hlth, CY-1703 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Christophi, Costas A.; Demokritou, Philip] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, CY-1703 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Christophi, Costas A.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Warren, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Connolly, Gregory N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, CY-1703 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Christophi, CA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cyprus Int Inst Environm & Publ Hlth, POB 24440, CY-1703 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM cchristophi@cyprusinstitute.org FU Cyprus Ministry of Health; Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation FX The study was supported by a grant from the Cyprus Ministry of Health and the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation. We would also like to thank the students that participated in the survey. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.01.003 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 426WL UT WOS:000264738900006 PM 19272301 ER PT J AU Moonan, PK Chatterjee, SG Lobue, PA AF Moonan, Patrick K. Chatterjee, Smita G. Lobue, Phillip A. TI The molecular epidemiology of human and zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis: The intersection between veterinary medicine and public health SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE Mycobacterium bovis; Molecular surveillance; Genotyping; Public health C1 [Moonan, Patrick K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Investigat Bran, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moonan, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Investigat Bran, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmoonan@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 226 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.10.001 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 408AM UT WOS:000263405400009 PM 19100639 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Lollar, DJ Campbell, VA Chamie, M AF Grosse, Scott D. Lollar, Donald J. Campbell, Vincent A. Chamie, Mary TI Disability and Disability-Adjusted Life Years: Not the Same SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MEASURING HEALTH; DISEASE; BURDEN; DALYS; PREVENTION; AUSTRALIA; BENEFITS; PROGRAM C1 [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chamie, Mary] Populat Associates Inc, Hastings On Hudson, NY USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Human Dev & Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrossc@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500006 PM 19320360 ER PT J AU Waterman, SH Escobedo, M Wilson, T Edelson, PJ Bethel, JW Fishbein, DB AF Waterman, Stephen H. Escobedo, Miguel Wilson, Todd Edelson, Paul J. Bethel, Jeffrey W. Fishbein, Daniel B. TI A New Paradigm for Quarantine and Public Health Activities at Land Borders: Opportunities and Challenges SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID STATES-MEXICO BORDER; UNITED-STATES; TUBERCULOSIS; SURVEILLANCE; IMMIGRATION; CHILDREN; FEVER AB The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Quarantine Stations at Ports of Entry: Protecting the Public's Health focused almost exclusively on U.S. airports and seaports, which served 106 million entries in 2005. IOM concluded that the primary function of these quarantine stations (QSs) should shift from providing inspection to providing strategic national public health leadership. The large expanse of our national borders, large number of crossings, sparse federal resources, and decreased regulation regarding conveyances crossing these borders make land borders more permeable to a variety of threats. To address the health challenges related to land borders, the QSs serving such borders must assume unique roles and partnerships to achieve the strategic leadership and public health research roles envisioned by the IOM. In this article, we examine how the IOM recommendations apply to the QSs that serve the land borders through which more than 319 million travelers, immigrants, and refugees entered the U.S. in 2005. C1 [Waterman, Stephen H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, San Diego Quarantine Stn,Natl Ctr Preparedness De, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Waterman, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, San Diego Quarantine Stn,Natl Ctr Preparedness De, MS P575,3851 Rosecrans St,Ste 715, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM shw2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500007 PM 19320361 ER PT J AU Logan, JE Leeb, RT Barker, LE AF Logan, Joseph E. Leeb, Rebecca T. Barker, Lawrence E. TI Gender-Specific Mental and Behavioral Outcomes Among Physically Abused High-Risk Seventh-Grade Youths SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; VIOLENT DELINQUENCY; MALTREATMENT; VICTIMIZATION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY AB Objective. Research has shown that physical abuse during childhood (early PA) is associated with various mental and behavioral problems in adolescence. However, there is little research on the differences in these associations by gender among youths residing in high-risk communities. This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between early PA and various internalizing (e.g., thoughts of suicide or victimization) and externalizing (e.g., perpetration of violence) behaviors. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using survey data (collected in 2004) provided by 1,484 seventh-grade youths residing in a high-risk community (83% participated). Students were considered victims of early PA if they reported experiencing abuse prior to age 10 years. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated to estimate the association between early PA and various outcomes (e.g., suicidality, victimization, violence, and illegal drug use), adjusting for race/ethnicity and other forms of abuse. Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to estimate the PRs and test for early PA-gender interaction. Results. Early PA was positively associated with suicidality, illegal drug use, and victimization with no significant differences by gender. The association between early PA and criminal behavior was significantly higher for females; the association between early PA and peer violence perpetration was significantly higher for males (interaction term PA*gender was significant at the p <= 0.005 level). Conclusions. Young high-risk adolescents who experienced early PA may need counseling or other services (e.g., home visitation) to help prevent suicidality, victimization, violence perpetration, criminal behavior, and illegal drug use. Furthermore, male victims may need more attention in the area of violence prevention; female victims may need particular attention with regard to preventing criminal behavior. C1 [Logan, Joseph E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Logan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ffa3@cdc.gov FU CDC FX This research was financially supported by CDC. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 234 EP 245 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500011 PM 19320365 ER PT J AU Trepka, MJ Martin, P Mavunda, K Rodriguez, D Zhang, GY Brown, C AF Trepka, Mary Jo Martin, Pilar Mavunda, Kunjana Rodriguez, Diana Zhang, Guoyan Brown, Clive TI A Pilot Asthma Incidence Surveillance System and Case Definition: Lessons Learned SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NATURAL-HISTORY; EPIDEMIC ASTHMA; INCIDENCE RATES; COMMUNITY; AGE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE AB Objectives. Surveillance for incident asthma in the general population could provide timely information about asthma trends and new, emerging etiologic factors. We sought to determine the feasibility of an asthma incidence surveillance system using voluntary reporting of asthma by outpatient clinics and emergency departments (EDs). Methods. Voluntary reporting occurred from July 2002 through June 2006. We classified reported asthma based on a case definition adapted from one developed by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. We validated the case definition by having pulmonologists review data from participant interviews, medical record abstractions, and pulmonary function test (PFT) results. Results. The positive predictive value (PPV) of meeting any of the case definition criteria for asthma was 80% to 82%. The criterion of taking at least one rescue and one controller medication had the highest PPV (97% to 100%). Only 7% of people meeting the incident case definition had a PFT documented in their medical record, limiting the usefulness of PFT results for case classification. Compared with pediatric participants, adult participants were more likely to be uninsured and to obtain asthma care at EDs. The surveillance system cost $5,129 per enrolled person meeting the incident case definition and was difficult to implement in participating clinics and EDs because asthma reporting was not mandatory and informed consent was necessary. Conclusions. The project was useful in evaluating the case definition's validity and in describing the participants' characteristics and health-care use patterns. However, without mandatory reporting laws, reporting of incident asthma in the general population by clinicians is not likely to be a feasible method for asthma surveillance. C1 [Trepka, Mary Jo; Martin, Pilar; Rodriguez, Diana; Zhang, Guoyan] Off Epidemiol & Dis Control, Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. [Mavunda, Kunjana] Pediat Pulm Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Brown, Clive] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trepka, MJ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Stempel Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Pk,HLSII 595,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM trepkam@fiu.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U59/CCU420713-02, 200-2004-10148] FX This project was supported by grant no. U59/CCU420713-02 and contract 200-2004-10148 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 267 EP 279 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500015 PM 19320369 ER PT J AU Hardnett, FP Pals, SL Borkowf, CB Parsons, J Gomez, C O'Leary, A AF Hardnett, Felicia P. Pals, Sherri L. Borkowf, Craic. B. Parsons, Jeffrey Gomez, Cynthia O'Leary, Ann TI Assessing Mediation in HIV Intervention Studies SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; BISEXUAL MEN; PRODUCT; TRIAL; SUMIT; GAY AB Objectives. A mediator is a psychosocial construct that is targeted by an intervention to bring about behavior change. Recent literature suggests that a widely used approach for assessing mediation, namely the causal steps method, can be severely statistically underpowered. This article describes three standard methods for assessing mediation: causal steps, difference in coefficients, and product of coefficients. We also demonstrate the use of asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) in testing mediation. Methods. We compared the results obtained by ACL construction with results obtained based on the causal steps and product of coefficients approaches to analyze data from the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial. Results. ACL construction uncovered previously unidentified mediating factors. We also identified a marginally significant suppressor, which means that, with regard to this factor, the intervention had effects that were opposite from the desired direction. Conclusions. ACLs are preferred for this type of analysis because of their statistical power and because they are informative regardless of whether the intervention has a significant effect on the outcome. Furthermore, ACLs present the size of the mediating effect rather than just a binary decision regarding significance. C1 [Hardnett, Felicia P.; Pals, Sherri L.; Borkowf, Craic. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIVAIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Quantitat Sci & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parsons, Jeffrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Parsons, Jeffrey] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Ctr HIV AIDS Educ Studies & Training, New York, NY USA. [Gomez, Cynthia] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Hlth Educ, Hlth Equity Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hardnett, FP (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fhardnett@cdc.gov OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500017 PM 19320371 ER PT J AU Roy, K Haddix, AC Ikeda, RM Curry, CW Truman, BI Thacker, SB AF Roy, Kakoli Haddix, Anne C. Ikeda, Robin M. Curry, Cecilia W. Truman, Benedict I. Thacker, Stephen B. TI Monitoring Progress Toward CDC's Health Protection Goals: Health Outcome Measures by Life Stage SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Objectives. From 2004 through 2005, as part of a major strategic planning process called the Futures Initiative, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a set of Health Protection Goals to make the best use of agency resources to achieve health impact. These goals were framed in terms of people, places, preparedness, and global health. This article presents a goals framework and a set of health outcome measures with historical trends and forecasts to track progress toward the Healthy People goals by life stage (Infants and Toddlers, Children, Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults and Seniors). Methods. Measurable key health outcomes were chosen for each life stage to capture the multidimensional aspects of health, including mortality, morbidity, perceived health, and lifestyle factors. Analytic methods involved identifying nationally representative data sources, reviewing 20-year trends generally ranging from 1984 through 2005, and using time-series techniques to forecast measures by life stage until 2015. Results. Improvements in measures of mortality and morbidity were noted among all life stages during the study period except Adults, who reported continued declining trends in perceived health status. Although certain behavioral indicators (e.g., prevalence of nonsmokers) revealed steady improvements among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults and Seniors, prevalence of the healthy weight indicator was declining steadily among Children and Adolescents and dramatically among Adults and Older Adults and Seniors. Conclusion. The health indicators for the Healthy People goals established a baseline assessment of population health, which will be monitored on an ongoing basis to measure progress in maximizing health and achieving one component of CDC's Health Protection Goals. C1 [Roy, Kakoli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haddix, Anne C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ikeda, Robin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Curry, Cecilia W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Truman, Benedict I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roy, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjr3@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 304 EP 316 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403ZC UT WOS:000263119500019 PM 19320373 ER PT J AU Bell, CE Slutsker, L Beach, RF Foster, SO Jimenez, G Sarmiento, ME AF Bell, Christine Elizabeth Slutsker, Laurence Beach, Raymond F. Foster, Stanley O. Jimenez, German Sarmiento, Maria Elena TI Malaria control in the municipality of San Esteban, Honduras SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Honduras ID GUATEMALA; KNOWLEDGE AB Objectives. To assess the burden of malaria in San Esteban, Department of Olancho, Honduras, and provide recommendations for control. Methods. Malaria causes appreciable morbidity in San Esteban. In 2006, health workers reported an increase in malaria cases and requested recommendations for control. In 2005, 385 cases (Plasmodium vivax, 316; P. falciparum, 69) were detected from 4 007 blood smears in the San Esteban laboratory (slide positivity rate = 9.6%). During May-July 2006, we assessed the burden of malaria and made recommendations. We reviewed epidemiologic data from slide-confirmed malaria cases in 2005 and 2006 and conducted a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey in households to assess malaria diagnostic, treatment, and prevention practices. Results. During May-July 2006, 143 laboratory-confirmed malaria cases were detected (P. vivax, 134; P. falciparum, 9) in San Esteban, compared with 104 (P. vivax, 79; P. falciparum, 25) in May-July 2005. From January 2005 to July 2006, 538 cases were detected in San Esteban, with increased frequency in May-October and the highest incidence in children 0-14 years old. We administered 112 surveys in 19 communities. Seventy percent Of respondents reported a history of malaria in a household member, with the highest frequency reported in mothers (45%) and children under 14 years old (37%). Most households did not have mosquito protection such as bed nets, screens, or indoor residual insecticide. Conclusions. Malaria is ongoing in San Esteban, with increased incidence in children. We recommend increased availability and promotion of insecticide-treated bed nets, improved timing and coverage of indoor residual spraying, and improved community malaria practices through education sessions. C1 [Slutsker, Laurence; Beach, Raymond F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Beach, Raymond F.; Foster, Stanley O.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jimenez, German; Sarmiento, Maria Elena] Honduras Outreach Inc, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Bell, CE (reprint author), 1980 Breckenridge Dr, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM cebell@sph.emory.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457EY UT WOS:000266912500004 PM 19454148 ER PT J AU Perez-Guerra, CL Zielinski-Gutierrez, E Vargas-Torres, D Clark, GG AF Perez-Guerra, Carmen L. Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily Vargas-Torres, Danulka Clark, Gary G. TI Community beliefs and practices about dengue in Puerto Rico SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Dengue; health education; vector control; Puerto Rico ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; PREVENTION AB Objective. In spite of long-term endemicity and repeated government and private efforts, effective, sustained community participation for dengue prevention remains a challenge in Puerto Rico. This study explored differences found in interviews conducted in 2001 in attitudes toward dengue and its prevention by respondents' gender and whether they had a prior dengue infection. Findings may be used to develop messages to promote Aedes aegypti control practices. Methods. From September to October 2003, 11 focus groups were conducted in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Fifty-nine persons (35 women, 24 men), >= 18 years of age, who had been identified through the Puerto Rico dengue surveillance system participated in the focus groups. Analysis was based on grounded theory. Results. Women considered dengue important because of its economic, emotional, and health impact, and they were concerned more often than men about insufficient garbage removal and water disposal. Participants with a previous dengue diagnosis were more concerned about risk of the disease, were more knowledgeable about dengue and its prevention, and recommended use of repellents more often than their counterparts without a previous dengue diagnosis. Barriers to sustained dengue prevention included misconceptions from outdated educational materials, "invisibility" of dengue compared with chronic diseases, and lack of acceptance of responsibility for dengue prevention. Conclusions. Suggested strategies to motivate residents' actions included working with government agencies to address structural problems that increase mosquito populations, improving access to information on garbage collection and water disposal through telephone hotlines, increasing publicity and information about dengue by mass media campaigns, and educating health professionals. C1 [Perez-Guerra, Carmen L.; Vargas-Torres, Danulka; Clark, Gary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Perez-Guerra, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM cnp8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457EY UT WOS:000266912500005 PM 19454149 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, MT O'Loughlin, R De la Hoz, F Gomez, E Constenla, D Sinha, A Valencia, JE Flannery, B De Quadros, CA AF Teresa Valenzuela, Maria O'Loughlin, Rosalyn De la Hoz, Fernando Gomez, Elizabeth Constenla, Dagna Sinha, Anushua Esteban Valencia, Juan Flannery, Brendan De Quadros, Ciro A. TI The burden of pneumococcal disease among Latin American and Caribbean children: review of the evidence SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Regional Pneumococcal Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2006 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Sabin Vaccine Inst DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; pneumococcal vaccines; review literature; Latin America and the Caribbean ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; BRAZIL; PREVENTION AB Objective. To conduct a comprehensive review of data on pneumococcal disease incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean and project the annual number of pneumococcal disease episodes and deaths among children < 5 years of age in the region. Methods. We carried out a systematic review (1990 to 2006) on the burden of pneumococcal disease in children < 5 years of age in the region. We summarized annual incidence rates and case fatality ratios using medians and interquartile ranges for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (including all-IPD and separately abstracting pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis data), pneumonia (all cause and radiologically confirmed), and acute otitis media by age group: < 1 year, < 2 years, and < 5 years. We modeled age-specific cumulative incidence of disease obtained from standard Kaplan-Meier analysis and projected data to obtain regional estimates of disease burden. We adjusted burden estimates by serotype coverage, vaccination coverage, and vaccine efficacy to estimate the number of cases and deaths averted. Results. Of 5 998 citations identified, 26 papers from 10 countries were included. The estimated annual burden of pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media caused by pneumococcus in children < 5 years of age ranged from 980 000 to 1500 000, 2 600 to 6 800, and 980 000 to 1500 000, respectively. An estimated 12 000 to 28 000 deaths due to pneumococcal disease occur in the region annually. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could save 1 life per 1 100 and prevent 1 case per 13 children vaccinated. Conclusion. A substantial burden of pneumococcal disease in the region is potentially preventable with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and should be considered in regional vaccine decision making. Results are limited by the very few studies, conducted in selected settings, included in this review. C1 [Teresa Valenzuela, Maria] Univ Andes Salud Publ & Epidemiol, Santiago, Chile. [O'Loughlin, Rosalyn; Flannery, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [De la Hoz, Fernando] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Salud Publ, Bogota, C Salitre, Colombia. [Gomez, Elizabeth] Secretaria Estado Salud Publ, Direcc Gen Epidemiol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Sinha, Anushua] UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. [Esteban Valencia, Juan] Univ CES, Medellin, Colombia. [De Quadros, Ciro A.] Albert B Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Valenzuela, MT (reprint author), Univ Andes Salud Publ & Epidemiol, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Santiago, Chile. EM mtvalenzuela@uandes.cl NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457EY UT WOS:000266912500011 PM 19454155 ER PT J AU Hoover, K Friedman, A Montano, D Kasprzyk, D Greek, A Hogben, M AF Hoover, Karen Friedman, Allison Montano, Daniel Kasprzyk, Danuta Greek, April Hogben, Matthew TI What About the Partners of Women With Abnormal Pap or Positive HPV Tests? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-WOMEN; CONDOM USE; PREVALENCE; MEN; PERSISTENCE; ACQUISITION; PREFERENCES AB Background: Because high-risk HPV is highly prevalent in the general population, usually transient, and rarely causes clinical symptoms, and because diagnostic and treatment options for HPV in men are lacking, partner notification is not useful for preventing transmission or protecting the health of male partners. Methods: We conducted a nationally representative survey of clinicians in 7 specialties that perform cervical cancer screening, Providers were asked whether they recommend that women with an abnormal Pap or positive HPV test inform sex partners of the infection or refer partners to a clinician. Results: A large proportion of providers in all 7 specialties encourage women with either an abnormal Pap or a positive HPV test to tell their sex partners to see a clinician, ranging from 48% to 73% across specialties. Providers who perform reflex HPV testing were more likely to recommend that patients with an ASCUS Pap inform their partners of test results if an HPV test was positive than if it was negative (66%-83% vs. 29%-50%): providers who perform adjunct HPV testing were more likely to recommend that patients with a normal Pap inform their partners if an HPV test was positive than if it was negative (72%-92% vs. 30%-52%). Conclusions: Most providers advise patients with cervical cancer screening tests suggestive of HPV infection to notify their sex partners and to refer them to a clinician. Guidelines are needed for providers to clarify any rationale for clinical evaluation of male partners, including that informing partners has a limited role in the control of HPV transmission or in preventing adverse health outcomes in the male partner. C1 [Hoover, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Montano, Daniel; Kasprzyk, Danuta; Greek, April] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042828-10, R24 HD042828] NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818eb765 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 412MM UT WOS:000263728900004 PM 19174731 ER PT J AU Phelan, DF Gange, SJ Ahdieh-Grant, L Mehta, SH Kirk, GD Shah, K Gravitt, P AF Phelan, Darcy F. Gange, Stephen J. Ahdieh-Grant, Linda Mehta, Shruti H. Kirk, Gregory D. Shah, Keerti Gravitt, Patti TI Determinants of Newly Detected Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Injection Drug Using Women SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; USERS; PREVALENCE; BALTIMORE; MARYLAND; POPULATION; FEMALES; COST AB Background: We sought to identify factors associated with newly detected human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a high-risk cohort of injection drug using women in Baltimore, MD. Methods: We studied 146 HIV-infected and 73 HIV-uninfected female participants in a 5-year prospective HIV natural history study. We examined the association of sexual and nonsexual risk factors and newly detected type-specific HPV infection as determined by consensus PCR between consecutive visits. Results: Newly detected HPV was more common among HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women (30% and 6%, respectively: P < 0.01). Among the entire cohort. recent crack use (OR, 1.7: 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) and HIV infection/CD4 cell count were independent predictors for new HPV detection (HIV-uninfected as reference. OR, 4.6; 95% Cl, 2.3-8.9, OR, 5.4; 95% CI. 2.8-10.3. and OR, 10.9; 95% CI, 5.5-21.7 for HIV-infected CD4, > 500, 200-500, and < 200, respectively). Among HIV-uninfected women. recent marijuana use was an independent predictor of newly detected HPV infection (OR. 3.5; 95% CI, 13-9.5). Conclusions: Newly detected HPV clearly increased with greater immunosuppression in HIV-infected injection drug users. Larger studies of HIV-uninfected and infected high-risk individuals are needed to clarify the independent associations of crack and marijuana use with new (or reactivated) HPV infection. C1 [Phelan, Darcy F.; Gange, Stephen J.; Mehta, Shruti H.; Kirk, Gregory D.; Gravitt, Patti] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ahdieh-Grant, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shah, Keerti] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gravitt, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6148, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM pgravitt@jhsph.edu RI Kirk, Gregory/A-8484-2009; OI Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X FU National Institutes of Health [U19 AI38533]; National Institute of Drug Abuse [R01-DA04334, R01-DA12568] FX This work was supported by USPHS grant U19 AI38533 from the National Institutes of Health and R01-DA04334 and R01-DA12568 from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818d3df3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 412MM UT WOS:000263728900006 PM 19174735 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Hou, SI Behel, S Boyett, B Miller, D Sey, E Harawa, N Prachand, N Bingham, T Ciesielski, C AF MacKellar, Duncan A. Hou, Su-I Behel, Stephanie Boyett, Brian Miller, David Sey, Ekow Harawa, Nina Prachand, Nik Bingham, Trista Ciesielski, Carol TI Exposure to HIV Partner Counseling and Referral Services and Notification of Sexual Partners among Persons Recently Diagnosed with HIV SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; RISK; GAY; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUALS; DISCLOSURE AB Objective: Among HIV-infected persons. we evaluated use of client partner notification (CPN) and health-department partner notification strategies to inform sex partners of possible HIV exposure, and prior exposure to partner counseling and referral services. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of 590 persons diagnosed with HIV in the prior 6 months at 51 HIV test, medical. and research providers in Chicago and Los Angeles in 2003 and 2004. Logistic regression was used to identify independent correlates of using CPN to notify all locatable partners. Results: Participants reported a total of 5091 sex partners in the 6 months preceding HIV diagnosis: 1253 (24.6%) partners were locatable and not known to be HIV-positive. Of 439 participants with >= 1 locatable partners. 332 (75.6%) reported notifying 696 (55.5%) partners by CPN (585, 84.1%), health-department partner notification (94, 13.5%). or other means (17, 2.4%): 208 (47.4%) used CPN to notify all locatable partners. Independent correlates of CPN included having fewer locatable partners and discussing the need to notify partners with an HIV medical-care provider (black and Hispanic participants only). Many participants reported that their HIV test or medical-care provider did not discuss the need to notify partners (48.8%, 33.7%, respectively) and did not offer health-department partner-notification service., (60.8%, 52.8%). Conclusion: Many locatable sex partners who might benefit from being notified of potential HIV exposure are not notified. In accordance with national policies, HIV test and medical-care providers should routinely provide partner counseling and referral services to HIV-infected client,,, so that all locatable partners are notified and provided all Opportunity to learn their HIV status. C1 [MacKellar, Duncan A.; Hou, Su-I; Behel, Stephanie; Boyett, Brian; Miller, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hou, Su-I] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sey, Ekow; Bingham, Trista] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Harawa, Nina] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. [Prachand, Nik; Ciesielski, Carol] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Ciesielski, Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dym4@cdc.gov OI Hou, Su-I/0000-0002-4519-0974 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818d6500 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 412MM UT WOS:000263728900009 PM 18981956 ER PT J AU Fujishiro, K AF Fujishiro, Kaori TI Is perceived racial privilege associated with health? Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Racial discrimination; Racial privilege; Self-rated health status; USA ID ATTITUDES; GUILT; DISCRIMINATION; DEPRESSION; COMMUNITY; QUALITY; FOCUS AB While racial discrimination has gained increasing attention in public health research, little is known about perceived racial privilege and health. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, this study explored the relationship of both perceived racial discrimination and privilege with wellbeing in the USA. Data were extracted from the BRFSS 2004 data set, in which 22,412 respondents in seven states and one major city provided data on perceived racial discrimination and privilege at work. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships of differential racial treatment to self-rated general health status and the number of physically and mentally unhealthy days. Racially stratified analyses found that perceived racial privilege was significantly associated with more days of poor physical and mental health. This relationship was consistent for Whites, but for racial minorities it appeared on only some outcome measures. Reports of being treated worse than other races in the workplace were associated with poor health for all racial groups, as had been reported in previous studies on racial discrimination. Because racial discrimination and racial privilege are both products of racism, this study's findings suggest that racism may harm all involved. Impacts of perceived racial privilege deserve more attention in the literature on racism and health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Fujishiro, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Columbia Pkwy R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kfujishiro@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 68 IS 5 BP 840 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.12.007 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 422WH UT WOS:000264457900007 PM 19136189 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Hubbs, AF AF Morris, John B. Hubbs, Ann F. TI Inhalation Dosimetry of Diacetyl and Butyric Acid, Two Components of Butter Flavoring Vapors SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diacetyl; nose; inhalation; dosimetry ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME; MICROWAVE-POPCORN PLANT; HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE; NASAL CAVITY; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; VINYL-ACETATE; F344 RAT AB Occupational exposure to butter flavoring vapors (BFV) is associated with significant pulmonary injury. The goal of the current study was to characterize inhalation dosimetric patterns of diacetyl and butyric acid, two components of BFV, and to develop a hybrid computational fluid dynamic-physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (CFD-PBPK) to describe these patterns. Uptake of diacetyl and butyric acid vapors, alone and in combination, was measured in the upper respiratory tract of anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats under constant velocity flow conditions and the uptake data were used to validate the CFD-PBPK model. Diacetyl vapor (100 or 300 ppm) was scrubbed from the airstream with 76-36% efficiency at flows of 100-400 ml/min. Butryic acid (30 ppm) was scrubbed with > 90% efficiency. Concurrent exposure to butyric acid resulted in a small but significant reduction of diacetyl uptake (36 vs. 31%, p < 0.05). Diacetyl was metabolized in nasal tissues in vitro, likely by diacetyl reductase, an enzyme known to be inhibited by butyric acid. The CFD-PBPK model closely described diacetyl uptake; the reduction in diacetyl uptake by butyric acid could be explained by inhibition of diacetyl reductase. Extrapolation to the human via the model suggested that inspired diacetyl may penetrate to the intrapulmonary airways to a greater degree in the human than in the rat. Thus, based on dosimetric relationships, extrapulmonary airway injury in the rat may be predictive of intrapulmonary airway injury in humans. Butyric acid may modulate diacetyl toxicity by inhibiting its metabolism and/or altering its inhalation dosimetric patterns. C1 [Morris, John B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toxicol Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hubbs, Ann F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toxicol Program, 69 N Eagleville Rd,U 3092, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM john.morris@uconn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [ES014041] FX The National Institutes of Health (ES014041). NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 108 IS 1 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn222 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 410VO UT WOS:000263606600017 PM 18940962 ER PT J AU Thwing, JI Odero, CO Odhiambo, FO Otieno, KO Kariuki, S Ord, R Roper, C McMorrow, M Vulule, J Slutsker, L Newman, RD Hamel, MJ Desai, M AF Thwing, J. I. Odero, C. O. Odhiambo, F. O. Otieno, K. O. Kariuki, S. Ord, R. Roper, C. McMorrow, M. Vulule, J. Slutsker, L. Newman, R. D. Hamel, M. J. Desai, M. TI In-vivo efficacy of amodiaquine-artesunate in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE artemether-lumefantrine; amodiaquine-artesunate; malaria; resistance; chloroquine; clinical trial; Kenya ID SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; COMBINATION THERAPY; TANZANIAN CHILDREN; CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE; TRIAL; PFCRT; MUTATIONS; SELECTION AB To assess the efficacy of amodiaquine-artesunate in an area with high chloroquine resistance in western Kenya. Twenty-eight day in-vivo efficacy trial of amodiaquine-artesunate in 103 children aged 6-59 months in western Kenya with smear-confirmed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The 28-day uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was 69.0%, with 15.5% Late Clinical Failure and 15.5% Late Parasitologic Failure rates. The PCR-corrected 28-day ACPR was 90.2%. Clinical risk factors for recurrent infection (recrudescences and reinfections) were lower axillary temperature at enrolment and low weight-for-age Z-score. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y at baseline was associated with increased risk of recurrent infections, both reinfections and recrudescences. Although artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem((R))) is the first line ACT in Kenya, amodiaquine-artesunate is registered as an option for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum and remains an effective alternative to Coartem((R)) in western Kenya. Continued amodiaquine monotherapy in the private sector may jeopardise the future use of amodiaquine-artesunate as an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy. C1 [Thwing, J. I.; McMorrow, M.; Slutsker, L.; Newman, R. D.; Hamel, M. J.; Desai, M.] Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Odero, C. O.; Odhiambo, F. O.; Otieno, K. O.; Kariuki, S.; Vulule, J.; Hamel, M. J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Ord, R.; Roper, C.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. RP Thwing, JI (reprint author), Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fez3@cdc.gov RI Roper, Cally/K-2989-2013 OI Roper, Cally/0000-0002-6545-309X FU Drug Resistance Working Group; IPTi Consortium FX We would first like to thank the children in Bondo District who participated in the study and their parents and caregivers. We are grateful to our excellent staff who worked tirelessly: Simon Omollo, Judith Otieno, Sylvia Odera, Caroline Nyatuoro, Winifred Otieno, Mary Owidhi, Eveline Delila, Irene Nyagwachi, Sophie Omondi, Charles Ojwang', Japheth Adika, Philip Olang, Franklin Komino, Malaki Ogalo, Telesphorus Odawo, Thomas Otieno, Philip Onyona, Daniel K'ouko, and Kephas Otieno. We would also like to thank Roselyne Odera, Linnet Odula, and Everline Sikuku for their administrative and analytic support; Dr Billis, Bondo District Medical Officer of Health, and Dr Austin Ochwila, Bondo District Hospital Director, for allowing us to conduct the trial at Bondo District Hospital, allocating clinic space, and for all their support; Dr Kayla Laserson, Director KEMRI/CDC Research Station; and Venkatachalam Udhayakumar for assistance with interpretation of molecular marker data. Funding was provided by the Drug Resistance Working Group and IPTi Consortium. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02222.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 408WV UT WOS:000263467200005 PM 19187521 ER PT J AU Ehnert, K Galland, GG AF Ehnert, Karen Galland, G. Gale TI Border Health: Who's Guarding the Gate? SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Importation; Trade; Animals; Zoonoses; Disease risk ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; PET BIRDS; INFECTION; MONKEYPOX; PRODUCTS; OUTBREAK; HUMANS; IMPACT; VIRUS; TRADE AB Changes in the global trade market have led to a thriving international pet trade in exotic animals, birds, and puppies. The flood of animals crossing the United States' borders satisfies the public demand for these pets but is not without risk. Imported pets may be infected with diseases that put animals or the public at risk. Numerous agencies work together to reduce the risk of animal disease introduction, but regulations may need to be modified to ensure compliance. With more than 280,000 dogs and 183,000 wildlife shipments being imported into the United States each year, veterinarians must remain vigilant so they can recognize potential threats quickly. C1 [Ehnert, Karen] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Downey, CA 90242 USA. [Ehnert, Karen] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA USA. [Galland, G. Gale] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ehnert, K (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, 7601 E Imperial Highway,Bldg 700,Suite 94A, Downey, CA 90242 USA. EM kehnert@ph.lacounty.gov NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 359 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.10.012 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 419EC UT WOS:000264200900011 PM 19185198 ER PT J AU Brault, AC AF Brault, Aaron C. TI Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE West Nile virus; vector competence; temperature; host competence; virus-host interaction ID ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; SQUIRRELS SCIURUS-NIGER; NEW-YORK-CITY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; KUNJIN VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus (Flaviviridae) transmitted between Culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. The virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. Increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. Previously WNV was primarily associated with febrile illness of children in endemic areas, but it was identified as a cause of neurological disease in humans in 1994. This modulation in disease presentation could be the result of the emergence of a more virulent genotype as well as the progression of the virus into areas in which the age structure of immunologically naive individuals makes them more susceptible to severe neurological disease. Since its introduction to North America in 1999, a novel WNV genotype has been identified that has been demonstrated to disseminate more rapidly and with greater efficiency at elevated temperatures than the originally introduced strain, indicating the potential importance of temperature as a selective criteria for the emergence of WNV genotypes with increased vectorial capacity. Even prior to the North American introduction, a mutation associated with increased replication in avian hosts, identified to be under adaptive evolutionary pressure, has been identified, indicating that adaptation for increased replication within vertebrate hosts could play a role in increased transmission efficiency. Although stable in its evolutionary structure, WNV has demonstrated the capacity for rapidly adapting to both vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors and will likely continue to exploit novel ecological niches as it adapts to novel transmission foci. C1 [Brault, Aaron C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brault, Aaron C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM acbrault@ucdavis.edu NR 167 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 28 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 AR 43 DI 10.1051/vetres/2009026 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 428VE UT WOS:000264878700007 PM 19406093 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Adaptive strategies of Yersinia pestis to persist during inter-epizootic and epizootic periods SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE plague; Yersinia pestis; flea; epizootic ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; PLAGUE-VECTOR EFFICIENCY; FLEA-BORNE TRANSMISSION; BUBONIC PLAGUE; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; UNITED-STATES; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS AB Plague is a flea-borne zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It has caused three historical pandemics, including the Black Death which killed nearly a third of Europe's population in the 14th century. In modern times, plague epizootics can extirpate entire susceptible wildlife populations and then disappear for long time periods. Understanding how Y. pestis is maintained during inter-epizootic periods and the factors responsible for transitioning to epizootics is important for preventing and controlling pathogen transmission and ultimately reducing the burden of human disease. In this review, we focus primarily on plague in North American foci and discuss the potential adaptive strategies Y. pestis might employ to ensure not only its survival during inter-epizootic periods but also the rapid epizootic spread and invasion of new territories that are so characteristic of plague and have resulted in major pandemics and establishment of plague foci throughout much of the world. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 108 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0928-4249 EI 1297-9716 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 AR 01 DI 10.1051/vetres:2008039 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 428VE UT WOS:000264878700001 PM 18803931 ER PT J AU Petersen, JM Mead, PS Schriefer, ME AF Petersen, Jeannine M. Mead, Paul S. Schriefer, Martin E. TI Francisella tularensis: an arthropod-borne pathogen SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Francisella tularensis; tularemia; arthropod; transmission ID DISEASE AGENTS; HUMAN TULAREMIA; UNITED-STATES; TICKS; OUTBREAK; SWEDEN; VECTORS AB Arthropod transmission of tularemia occurs throughout the northern hemisphere. Few pathogens show the adaptability of Francisella tularensis to such a wide array of arthropod vectors. Nonetheless, arthropod transmission of F. tularensis was last actively investigated in the first half of the 20th century. This review will focus on arthropod transmission to humans with respect to vector species, modes of transmission, geographic differences and F. tularensis subspecies and clades. C1 [Petersen, Jeannine M.; Mead, Paul S.; Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 16 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 AR 07 DI 10.1051/vetres:2008045 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 428VE UT WOS:000264878700002 PM 18950590 ER PT J AU MacNeil, A Reynolds, MG Damon, IK AF MacNeil, Adam Reynolds, Mary G. Damon, Inger K. TI Risks associated with vaccinia virus in the laboratory SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Vaccinia; Laboratory acquired infection; Orthopoxvirus; Vaccination; Smallpox vaccine ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; ACCIDENTAL INFECTION; HUMAN MONKEYPOX; UNITED-STATES; WORKER; EXPRESSION; SAFETY; VECTOR; GENES AB Vaccinia Virus (VACV) is used commonly in research laboratories. Non-highly attenuated strains of VACV are potentially pathogenic in humans, and VACV vaccination and biosafety level 2 facilities and protocols are currently recommended for vaccinated laboratory workers in the United States who handle non-highly attenuated strains of the virus. Despite this, laboratory-related VACV exposures continue to occur and a number of recent instances of VACV infection in non-vaccinated laboratory workers have been documented. We provide a discussion of the usage and risks associated with VACV in laboratory research. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [MacNeil, Adam; Reynolds, Mary G.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacNeil, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aho3@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 385 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.045 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 416EW UT WOS:000263989400002 PM 19118854 ER PT J AU Cajimat, MNB Milazzo, ML Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Bowen, MD Ksiazek, TG Fulhorst, CF AF Cajimat, Maria N. B. Milazzo, Mary Louise Rollin, Pierre E. Nichol, Stuart T. Bowen, Michael D. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Fulhorst, Charles F. TI Genetic diversity among Bolivian arenaviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arenaviridae; Machupo virus; Bolivian hemorrhagic fever; Chapare virus; Latino virus ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; MACHUPO VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; HUMAN INFECTION; IMMUNE PLASMA; JUNIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VENEZUELA AB Machupo virus and Chapare virus are members of the Tacaribe serocomplex (virus family Arenaviridae) and etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever in humans in Bolivia. The nucleotide sequences of the complete Z genes, a large fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes, the complete glycoprotein precursor genes, and the complete nucleocapsid protein genes of 8 strains of Machupo virus were determined to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among the Bolivian arenaviruses. The results of analyses of the predicted amino acid sequences of the glycoproteins of the Machupo virus strains and Chapare virus strain 200001071 indicated that immune plasma from hemorrhagic fever cases caused by Machupo virus may prove beneficial in the treatment of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever but not hemorrhagic fever caused by Chapare virus. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Milazzo, Mary Louise; Fulhorst, Charles F.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Cajimat, Maria N. B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Microbiol & Immunol Grad Program, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Bowen, Michael D.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM nbcajirm@utmb.edu; mamilazz@utmb.edu; pyr3@cdc.gov; stn1@cdc.gov; mkb6@cdc.gov; tgk0@cdc.gov; cfulhors@utmb.edu FU National Institutes of Health [A1-53428]; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston FX Mary Louise Milazzo and Maria N.B. Cajimat contributed equally to this Study. Craig Manning (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Zoonotic, Viral, and Enteric Diseases) constructed the map in Fig. 1. Laura K McMullan, Michelle Vanoy, and Heather L. Wurtzel (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases) determined the nucleocapsid protein gene sequences listed in Table 1. Natalie A. Dodsley-Prow (The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) assisted with the characterization of the small genomic segments of MACV strains Chicava, MARU 216606, MARU 222688, MARU 249121, 9301012, 9430084, and 200002427. National Institutes of Health grant A1-53428 ("Rapid, accurate diagnostic assays for arenaviral infections") provided financial support for this study. A Presidential Leave Award from John D. Stobo (President, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) provided salary for Charles F. Fulhorst while he worked on this study at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, GA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.016 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 425PW UT WOS:000264650600004 PM 19041349 ER PT J AU Sleeman, K Stein, DA Tamin, A Reddish, M Iversen, PL Rota, PA AF Sleeman, Katrina Stein, David A. Tamin, Azaibi Reddish, Michael Iversen, Patrick L. Rota, Paul A. TI Inhibition of measles virus infections in cell cultures by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Measles; Paramyxovirus; Antisense; Morpholino oligomer; Antiviral ID RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; ANTISENSE OLIGOMERS; GENOMIC TERMINI; MICE; REPLICATION; PROTEIN; DESIGN; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL AB Measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious human pathogen. Despite the success of measles vaccination programs, measles is still responsible for an estimated 245,000 deaths each year. There are currently no antiviral compounds available for the treatment of measles. Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are antisense compounds that enter cells readily and can interfere with mRNA function by steric blocking. A panel of PPMO was designed to target various sequences of MeV RNA that are known to be important for viral replication. Five PPMO, targeting MeV genomic RNA or mRNA, inhibited the replication of MeV, in a dose-responsive and sequence-specific manner in cultured cells. One of the highly active PPMO (PPMO 454), targeting a conserved sequence in the translation start site of the mRNA coding for the nucleocapsid protein, inhibited multiple genotypes of MeV. This report provides evidence that PPMO treatment represents a promising approach for developing antiviral agents against measles and other paramyxoviruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sleeman, Katrina; Tamin, Azaibi; Reddish, Michael; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stein, David A.; Iversen, Patrick L.] AVI BioPharma Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. [Reddish, Michael] Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov OI Reddish, Michael/0000-0002-0237-786X FU ASM/NCID; Furman University FX We thank the Chemistry group at AVI BioPharma for the synthesis, purification and analysis of the PPMO used in this study. We are also grateful to R. Mair for the propagation of wild-type MeV from various genotypes. K. Sleeman was the recipient of an ASM/NCID post-doctoral fellowship and M. Reddish received support from the Furman Advantage Program, Furman University. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.018 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 425PW UT WOS:000264650600007 PM 19059443 ER PT J AU Schumacher, S Norin, J Bolu, O DuBois, A Wolford, J Shaffer, N AF Schumacher, S. Norin, J. Bolu, O. DuBois, A. Wolford, J. Shaffer, N. TI HIV Testing and Counselling for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission at Labour and Delivery in Guyana SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COUNTRIES C1 [Schumacher, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, OWCD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Norin, J.; Bolu, O.; Shaffer, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, GAP, PMTCT Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schumacher, S (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, 670 Albany St,622, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM Sandra.Schumacher@bmc.org NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 2 BP 112 EP 113 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 488NO UT WOS:000269356800007 PM 21866594 ER PT J AU Owusu-Edusei, K Owens, CJ AF Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr. Owens, Chantelle J. TI Monitoring county-level chlamydia incidence in Texas, 2004-2005: application of empirical Bayesian smoothing and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; GONORRHEA; PREVENTION; INFECTION; RISK; IDENTIFICATION; TRACHOMATIS; FERTILITY; NETWORKS AB Background: Chlamydia continues to be the most prevalent disease in the United States. Effective spatial monitoring of chlamydia incidence is important for successful implementation of control and prevention programs. The objective of this study is to apply Bayesian smoothing and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods to monitor Texas county-level chlamydia incidence rates by examining spatiotemporal patterns. We used county-level data on chlamydia incidence (for all ages, gender and races) from the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS) for 2004 and 2005. Results: Bayesian-smoothed chlamydia incidence rates were spatially dependent both in levels and in relative changes. Erath county had significantly (p < 0.05) higher smoothed rates (> 300 cases per 100,000 residents) than its contiguous neighbors (195 or less) in both years. Gaines county experienced the highest relative increase in smoothed rates (173% - 139 to 379). The relative change in smoothed chlamydia rates in Newton county was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than its contiguous neighbors. Conclusion: Bayesian smoothing and ESDA methods can assist programs in using chlamydia surveillance data to identify outliers, as well as relevant changes in chlamydia incidence in specific geographic units. Secondly, it may also indirectly help in assessing existing differences and changes in chlamydia surveillance systems over time. C1 [Owusu-Edusei, Kwame, Jr.; Owens, Chantelle J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owusu-Edusei, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfo0@cdc.gov; Cowens@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD FEB 26 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-12 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 422TZ UT WOS:000264451900001 PM 19245686 ER PT J AU Wu, HM Harcourt, BH Hatcher, CP Wei, SC Novak, RT Wang, X Juni, BA Glennen, A Boxrud, DJ Rainbow, J Schmink, S Mair, RD Theodore, MJ Sander, MA Miller, TK Kruger, K Cohn, AC Clark, TA Messonnier, NE Mayer, LW Lynfield, R AF Wu, Henry M. Harcourt, Brian H. Hatcher, Cynthia P. Wei, Stanley C. Novak, Ryan T. Wang, Xin Juni, Billie A. Glennen, Anita Boxrud, David J. Rainbow, Jean Schmink, Susanna Mair, Raydel D. Theodore, M. Jordan Sander, Molly A. Miller, Tracy K. Kruger, Kirby Cohn, Amanda C. Clark, Thomas A. Messonnier, Nancy E. Mayer, Leonard W. Lynfield, Ruth TI Brief Report: Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis in North America. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; FLUOROQUINOLONES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISMS; GUIDELINES; COMMUNITY AB We report on three cases of meningococcal disease caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis, one in North Dakota and two in Minnesota. The cases were caused by the same serogroup B strain. To assess local carriage of resistant N. meningitidis, we conducted a pharyngeal-carriage survey and isolated the resistant strain from one asymptomatic carrier. Sequencing of the gene encoding subunit A of DNA gyrase (gyrA) revealed a mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and suggests that the resistance was acquired by means of horizontal gene transfer with the commensal N. lactamica. In susceptibility testing of invasive N. meningitidis isolates from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance system between January 2007 and January 2008, an additional ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate was found, in this case from California. Ciprofloxacin-resistant N. meningitidis has emerged in North America. C1 [Wu, Henry M.; Harcourt, Brian H.; Hatcher, Cynthia P.; Wei, Stanley C.; Novak, Ryan T.; Wang, Xin; Schmink, Susanna; Mair, Raydel D.; Theodore, M. Jordan; Cohn, Amanda C.; Clark, Thomas A.; Messonnier, Nancy E.; Mayer, Leonard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wu, Henry M.; Wei, Stanley C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Juni, Billie A.; Glennen, Anita; Boxrud, David J.; Rainbow, Jean; Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, St Paul, MN USA. [Sander, Molly A.; Miller, Tracy K.; Kruger, Kirby] N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Wu, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hwu@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 26 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 9 BP 886 EP 892 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0806414 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 411CD UT WOS:000263624700007 PM 19246360 ER PT J AU Hedican, E Smith, K Jawahir, S Scheftel, J Kruger, K Birk, R Goplin, JL Garvey, A Schmitt, D Trampel, DW Perry, CA Sotir, MJ Angulo, FJ Sharapov, U Behravesh, CB AF Hedican, E. Smith, K. Jawahir, S. Scheftel, J. Kruger, K. Birk, R. Goplin, J. L. Garvey, A. Schmitt, D. Trampel, D. W. Perry, C. A. Sotir, M. J. Angulo, F. J. Sharapov, U. Behravesh, C. Barton TI Multistate Outbreaks of Salmonella Infections Associated With Live Poultry-United States, 2007(Reprinted from MMWR, vol 58, pg 25-29, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Hedican, E.; Smith, K.; Jawahir, S.; Scheftel, J.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Kruger, K.; Birk, R.; Goplin, J. L.] N Dakota Dept Hlth, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Garvey, A.] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Trampel, D. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Perry, C. A.; Sotir, M. J.; Angulo, F. J.; Sharapov, U.; Behravesh, C. Barton] CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hedican, E (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 8 BP 818 EP 820 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410WV UT WOS:000263609900008 ER PT J AU Spitsin, S Andrianov, V Pogrebnyak, N Smirnov, Y Borisjuk, N Portocarrero, C Veguilla, V Koprowski, H Golovkin, M AF Spitsin, S. Andrianov, V. Pogrebnyak, N. Smirnov, Y. Borisjuk, N. Portocarrero, C. Veguilla, V. Koprowski, H. Golovkin, M. TI Immunological assessment of plant-derived avian flu H5/HA1 variants SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plant biotechnology; Avian flu H5N1; Recombinant subunit vaccine ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PROTEIN-PRODUCTION; VACCINE CANDIDATE; H5N1 INFLUENZA; PROTECTION; MICE; INFECTION; STRATEGY; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY AB Polypeptide variants of the HA1 antigenic domain of the H5N1 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) molecule were produced ill plants using transient and stable expression systems and fused with His/c-myc tags or with mouse or human Fc antibody fragments. The resulting peptides were purified and used for intramuscular immunization of mice. While the recombinant HA1 variants induced a significant serum humoral immune response in the mice, none of the HA1 preparations induced virus-neutralizing antibodies. Fusion with the Fc fragment improved overall yield of the constructs and allowed purification requiring only a single step, but led to no detectable fusion-related enhancement of immunogenicity or quality of immune response. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spitsin, S.; Andrianov, V.; Pogrebnyak, N.; Smirnov, Y.; Borisjuk, N.; Portocarrero, C.; Koprowski, H.; Golovkin, M.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biotechnol Fdn Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Veguilla, V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Golovkin, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biotechnol Fdn Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM maxim.golovkin@jefferson.edu OI Borisjuk, Nikolai/0000-0001-5250-9771 FU Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health to Biotechnology Foundation FX We thank A. Jakubowski and K Markley for technical help. This work was Supported by a grant from Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health to Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories (to H.K.) The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1289 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.050 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 422LV UT WOS:000264430400002 PM 19162113 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ Euler, GL Hennessey, KA Weinbaum, CM AF Lu, Peng-jun Euler, Gary L. Hennessey, Karen A. Weinbaum, Cindy M. TI Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults aged 18-49 years in the United States SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis A; Hepatitis A vaccine; Vaccination; Coverage; Adult ID INSURANCE STATUS; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; STRATEGIES; CARE AB Background: Hepatitis A is the most common type of hepatitis reported in the United States. Prior to hepatitis A vaccine introduction in 1996, hepatitis A incidence followed a cyclic pattern with peak incidence Occurring every 10-15 years. During 1980-1995, between 22,000 and 36,000 hepatitis A cases were reported annually. Since 1996, hepatitis A vaccination recommendations have included adults at risk for infection and children living in communities with the highest disease rates. This Study provides the first national estimates of self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage among persons aged 18-49 years in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult (NIS-Adult) data with restrictions to individuals aged 18-49 years. National estimates of hepatitis A vaccination coverage were calculated based on self-report and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with hepatitis A vaccination Status. Results: Among adults aged 18-49 years, 12.1% (95% confidence interval, CI=9.9-14.8%) had received two or more closes of hepatitis A vaccine in 2007. Hepatitis A vaccination coverage was significantly higher among adults aged 18-29 years (15.6%) and adults aged 30-39 years (12.9%) compared with adults aged 40-49 years (8.3%). Coverage was significantly lower for Hispanics (7.1%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (12.5%). Characteristics independently associated with a higher likelihood of hepatitis A vaccination among persons aged 18-49 years included younger age groups, persons at or above poverty level, persons with public medical insurance,and persons who received influenza vaccination in the past season. Conclusions: In 2007, self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults aged 18-49 years was 12.1%. These data provide the first national hepatitis A vaccination coverage estimates among adults and are very important in planning and implementing strategies for increasing hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults at risk for hepatitis A. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, Peng-jun; Euler, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hennessey, Karen A.; Weinbaum, Cindy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lhp8@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1301 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.054 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 422LV UT WOS:000264430400004 PM 19162116 ER PT J AU Prabakaran, M Ho, HT Prabhu, N Velumani, S Szyporta, M He, F Chan, KP Chen, LM Matsuoka, Y Donis, RO Kwang, J AF Prabakaran, Mookkan Ho, Hui-Ting Prabhu, Nayana Velumani, Sumathy Szyporta, Milene He, Fang Chan, Kwai-Peng Chen, Li-Mei Matsuoka, Yumiko Donis, Ruben O. Kwang, Jimmy TI Development of Epitope-Blocking ELISA for Universal Detection of Antibodies to Human H5N1 Influenza Viruses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Human infections with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have generally been confirmed by molecular amplification or culture-based methods. Serologic surveillance has potential advantages which have not been realized because rapid and specific serologic tests to detect H5N1 infection are not widely available. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe an epitope-blocking ELISA to detect specific antibodies to H5N1 viruses in human or animal sera. The assay relies on a novel monoclonal antibody (5F8) that binds to an epitope comprising amino acid residues 274 -281 (CNTKCQTP) in the HA1 region of H5 hemagglutinin. Database search analysis of publicly available sequences revealed that this epitope is conserved in 100% of the 163 H5N1 viruses isolated from humans. The sensitivity and specificity of the epitope-blocking ELISA for H5N1 were evaluated using chicken antisera to multiple virus clades and other influenza subtypes as well as serum samples from individuals naturally infected with H5N1 or seasonal influenza viruses. The epitope-blocking ELISA results were compared to those of hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and microneutralization assays. Antibodies to H5N1 were readily detected in immunized animals or convalescent human sera by the epitopeblocking ELISA whereas specimens with antibodies to other influenza subtypes yielded negative results. The assay showed higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to HI and microneutralization. Conclusions/Significance: The epitope-blocking ELISA based on a unique 5F8 mAb provided highly sensitive and 100% specific detection of antibodies to H5N1 influenza viruses in human sera. C1 [Prabakaran, Mookkan; Ho, Hui-Ting; Prabhu, Nayana; Velumani, Sumathy; Szyporta, Milene; He, Fang; Kwang, Jimmy] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Chan, Kwai-Peng] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Singapore, Singapore. [Chen, Li-Mei; Matsuoka, Yumiko; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kwang, Jimmy] Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Prabakaran, M (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM kwang@tll.org.sg FU Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore FX This work was supported by Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR e4566 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004566 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437KW UT WOS:000265487400003 PM 19238211 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Hume, JCC Licht, M Burns, CS Wollenberg, K Simard, F Ribeiro, JMC AF Lehmann, Tovi Hume, Jen C. C. Licht, Monica Burns, Christopher S. Wollenberg, Kurt Simard, Fred Ribeiro, Jose M. C. TI Molecular Evolution of Immune Genes in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: As pathogens that circumvent the host immune response are favoured by selection, so are host alleles that reduce parasite load. Such evolutionary processes leave their signature on the genes involved. Deciphering modes of selection operating on immune genes might reveal the nature of host-pathogen interactions and factors that govern susceptibility in host populations. Such understanding would have important public health implications. Methodology/Findings: We analyzed polymorphisms in four mosquito immune genes (SP14D1, GNBP, defensin, and gambicin) to decipher selection effects, presumably mediated by pathogens. Using samples of Anopheles arabiensis, An. quadriannulatus and four An. gambiae populations, as well as published sequences from other Culicidae, we contrasted patterns of polymorphisms between different functional units of the same gene within and between populations. Our results revealed selection signatures operating on different time scales. At the most recent time scale, within-population diversity revealed purifying selection. Between populations and between species variation revealed reduced differentiation (GNBP and gambicin) at coding vs. noncoding-regions, consistent with balancing selection. McDonald-Kreitman tests between An. quadriannulatus and both sibling species revealed higher fixation rate of synonymous than nonsynonymous substitutions (GNBP) in accordance with frequency dependent balancing selection. At the longest time scale (>100 my), PAML analysis using distant Culicid taxa revealed positive selection at one codon in gambicin. Patterns of genetic variation were independent of exposure to human pathogens. Significance and Conclusions: Purifying selection is the most common form of selection operating on immune genes as it was detected on a contemporary time scale on all genes. Selection for "hypervariability" was not detected, but negative balancing selection, detected at a recent evolutionary time scale between sibling species may be rather common. Detection of positive selection at the deepest evolutionary time scale suggests that it occurs infrequently, possibly in association with speciation events. Our results provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that selection was mediated by pathogens that are transmitted to humans. C1 [Lehmann, Tovi; Licht, Monica; Burns, Christopher S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. [Lehmann, Tovi; Licht, Monica; Burns, Christopher S.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lehmann, Tovi; Hume, Jen C. C.; Burns, Christopher S.; Ribeiro, Jose M. C.] NIAID, NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Wollenberg, Kurt] NIAID, NIH, Office Cyber Infrastructure & Computat Biol, Bioinformat & Computat Biosci Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Simard, Fred] Org lutte Contre grandes Endemies Afrique Cent, LabInst Rech Dev, RU 016, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. EM TLehmann@niaid.nih.gov RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016; OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 FU UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX This research was supported in part by the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR e4549 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004549 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437KU UT WOS:000265487200005 PM 19234606 ER PT J AU Park, BJ Wannemuehler, KA Marston, BJ Govender, N Pappas, PG Chiller, TA AF Park, Benjamin J. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Marston, Barbara J. Govender, Nelesh Pappas, Peter G. Chiller, Tom A. TI Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; burden; cryptococcal meningitis; cryptococcus; epidemiology; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; AIDS PATIENTS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; HIV; POPULATION; DISEASE AB Objective: Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most important HIV-related opportunistic infections, especially in the developing world. in order to help develop global strategies and priorities for prevention and treatment, it is important to estimate the burden of cryptococcal meningitis. Design: Global burden of disease estimation using published studies. Methods: We used the median incidence rate of available studies in a geographic region to estimate the region-specific cryptococcal meningitis incidence; this was multiplied by the 2007 United Nations Programme on HlV/AIDS HIV population estimate for each region to estimate cryptococcal meningitis cases. To estimate deaths, we assumed a 9% 3-month case-fatality rate among high-income regions, a 55% rate among low-income and middle-income regions, and a 701% rate in sub-Saharan Africa, based on studies published in these areas and expert opinion. Results: Published incidence ranged from 0.04 to 12% per year among persons with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest yearly burden estimate (median incidence 3.2%, 720 000 cases; range, 144 000-1.3 million). Median incidence was lowest in Western and Central Europe and Oceania (<= 0.1% each). Globally, approximately 957900 cases (range, 371700-1544000) of cryptococcal meningitis Occur each year, resulting in 624700 deaths (range, 125000-1124900) by 3 months after infection. Conclusion: This study, the first attempt to estimate the global burden of cryptococcal meningitis, finds the number of cases and deaths to be very high, with most occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Further work is needed to better define the scope of the problem and track the epidemiology of this infection, in order to prioritize prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Park, Benjamin J.; Chiller, Tom A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat Off, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marston, Barbara J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Govender, Nelesh] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Mycol Reference Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pappas, Peter G.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Park, BJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Bpark1@cdc.gov FU US Government FX This study was conducted while being employed by the US Government; no external funds were used for this Study. NR 51 TC 868 Z9 897 U1 6 U2 50 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328322ffac PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 418RR UT WOS:000264166700012 PM 19182676 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, J Mohebbi, MH Patel, RS Brammer, L Smolinski, MS Brilliant, L AF Ginsberg, Jeremy Mohebbi, Matthew H. Patel, Rajan S. Brammer, Lynnette Smolinski, Mark S. Brilliant, Larry TI Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Seasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern, causing tens of millions of respiratory illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide each year(1). In addition to seasonal influenza, a new strain of influenza virus against which no previous immunity exists and that demonstrates human- to- human transmission could result in a pandemic with millions of fatalities(2). Early detection of disease activity, when followed by a rapid response, can reduce the impact of both seasonal and pandemic influenza(3,4). One way to improve early detection is to monitor health- seeking behaviour in the form of queries to online search engines, which are submitted by millions of users around the world each day. Here we present a method of analysing large numbers of Google search queries to track influenza- like illness in a population. Because the relative frequency of certain queries is highly correlated with the percentage of physician visits in which a patient presents with influenza- like symptoms, we can accurately estimate the current level of weekly influenza activity in each region of the United States, with a reporting lag of about one day. This approach may make it possible to use search queries to detect influenza epidemics in areas with a large population of web search users. C1 [Ginsberg, Jeremy; Mohebbi, Matthew H.; Patel, Rajan S.; Smolinski, Mark S.; Brilliant, Larry] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Brammer, Lynnette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ginsberg, J (reprint author), Google Inc, 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM flutrends-support@google.com NR 12 TC 911 Z9 945 U1 32 U2 231 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 19 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7232 BP 1012 EP U4 DI 10.1038/nature07634 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 408HF UT WOS:000263425400042 PM 19020500 ER PT J AU Jain, N Stokley, S Yankey, D AF Jain, N. Stokley, S. Yankey, D. TI Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years-United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1100-1103, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Jain, N.; Stokley, S.; Yankey, D.] CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 7 BP 713 EP 715 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 407MX UT WOS:000263370100004 ER PT J AU Burton, DC Edwards, JR Horan, TC Jernigan, JA Fridkin, SK AF Burton, Deron C. Edwards, Jonathan R. Horan, Teresa C. Jernigan, John A. Fridkin, Scott K. TI Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in US Intensive Care Units, 1997-2007 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; NNIS SYSTEM REPORT; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; LEGISLATIVE MANDATES; SAFETY NETWORK; HAND HYGIENE; RISK-FACTORS; TASK-FORCE; PREVENTION AB Context Concerns about rates of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) health care - associated infections have prompted calls for mandatory screening or reporting in efforts to reduce MRSA infections. Objective To examine trends in the incidence of MRSA central line - associated blood-stream infections ( BSIs) in US intensive care units ( ICUs). Design, Setting, and Participants Data reported by hospitals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) from 1997- 2007 were used to calculate pooled mean annual central line - associated BSI incidence rates for 7 types of adult and non-neonatal pediatric ICUs. Percent MRSA was defined as the proportion of S aureus central line - associated BSIs that were MRSA. We used regression modeling to estimate percent changes in central line - associated BSI metrics over the analysis period. Main Outcome Measures Incidence rate of central line - associated BSIs per 1000 central line days; percent MRSA among S aureus central line - associated BSIs. Results Overall, 33 587 central line - associated BSIs were reported from 1684 ICUs representing 16 225 498 patient- days of surveillance; 2498 reported central line - associated BSIs ( 7.4%) were MRSA and 1590 ( 4.7%) were methicillin- susceptible S aureus ( MSSA). Of evaluated ICU types, surgical, nonteaching- affiliated medical- surgical, cardiothoracic, and coronary units experienced increases in MRSA central line - associated BSI incidence in the 1997- 2001 period; however, medical, teaching- affiliated medical-surgical, and pediatric units experienced no significant changes. From 2001 through 2007, MRSA central line - associated BSI incidence declined significantly in all ICU types except in pediatric units, for which incidence rates remained static. Declines in MRSA central line associated BSI incidence ranged from - 51.5% ( 95% CI, - 33.7% to - 64.6%; P <. 001) in nonteaching- affiliated medical- surgical ICUs ( 0.31 vs 0.15 per 1000 central line days) to - 69.2% ( 95% CI, - 57.9% to - 77.7%; P <. 001) in surgical ICUs ( 0.58 vs 0.18 per 1000 central line days). In all ICU types, MSSA central line - associated BSI incidence declined from 1997 through 2007, with changes in incidence ranging from - 60.1% ( 95% CI, - 41.2% to - 73.1%; P <. 001) in surgical ICUs ( 0.24 vs 0.10 per 1000 central line days) to - 77.7% ( 95% CI, - 68.2% to - 84.4%; P <. 001) in medical ICUs ( 0.40 vs 0.09 per 1000 central line days). Although the overall proportion of S aureus central line associated BSIs due to MRSA increased 25.8% ( P=. 02) in the 1997- 2007 period, overall MRSA central line - associated BSI incidence decreased 49.6% ( P <. 001) over this period. Conclusions The incidence of MRSA central line - associated BSI has been decreasing in recent years in most ICU types reporting to the CDC. These trends are not apparent when only percent MRSA is monitored. C1 [Burton, Deron C.; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Horan, Teresa C.; Jernigan, John A.; Fridkin, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burton, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Mailstop A-24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dburton@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 152 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 7 BP 727 EP 736 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 407MX UT WOS:000263370100015 PM 19224749 ER PT J AU Douglas, JM AF Douglas, John M., Jr. TI Penicillin Treatment of Syphilis Clearing Away the Shadow on the Land SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; UNITED-STATES; ELIMINATION; TRIALS C1 [Douglas, John M., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Douglas, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jyd3@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 7 BP 769 EP 771 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 407MX UT WOS:000263370100021 PM 19224755 ER PT J AU Katz, KA Clarke, CA Bernstein, KT Katz, MH Klausner, JD AF Katz, Kenneth A. Clarke, Christina A. Bernstein, Kyle T. Katz, Mitchell H. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Is There a Proven Link Between Anal Cancer Screening and Reduced Morbidity or Mortality? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID LESIONS C1 [Katz, Kenneth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Clarke, Christina A.] No Calif Canc Ctr, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Bernstein, Kyle T.; Katz, Mitchell H.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Katz, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1U58DP00807-01]; NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-35136, N01-PC-35139, N01-PC-54404] NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 283 EP 284 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410FI UT WOS:000263562500013 PM 19221387 ER PT J AU Young-Barbee, C Hall, DA LoPresti, JJ Schmid, DS Gilden, DH AF Young-Barbee, C. Hall, D. A. LoPresti, J. J. Schmid, D. S. Gilden, D. H. TI BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME AFTER HERPES ZOSTER SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS C1 [Young-Barbee, C.; Hall, D. A.; Gilden, D. H.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Gilden, D. H.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [LoPresti, J. J.] Reg W Med Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE USA. [Schmid, D. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilden, DH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Mail Stop B182,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM don.gilden@uchsc.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06127]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS32623] NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 670 EP 671 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 407TB UT WOS:000263386100016 PM 19221302 ER PT J AU Decker, MJ Lin, JMS Tabassum, H Reeves, WC AF Decker, Michael J. Lin, Jin-Mann S. Tabassum, Humyra Reeves, William C. TI Hypersomnolence and Sleep-related Complaints in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Georgia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apnea; disorders of excessive somnolence; sleep disorders; sleep initiation and maintenance disorders ID DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; RISK-FACTORS; GENERAL-POPULATION; HEALTH; APNEA; DURATION; DRIVERS; PREVALENCE; HYPERTENSION; ASSOCIATION AB Persistent daytime hypersomnolence is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but its prevalence in the population has been poorly documented. This study sought to characterize the prevalence of persistent daytime hypersomnolence, difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, unrefreshing sleep, snoring, and the presence of physician-diagnosed sleep disorders in metropolitan, urban, and rural US Georgia populations. Between September 2004 and July 2005, a total of 6,530 randomly selected well and unwell adults, identified by screening interviews of 10,837 households (contacted by random digit dialing), completed a detailed phone interview. Sixteen percent reported persistent problems staying awake during the day; 26% reported persistent problems falling asleep at night; 31% experienced problems sleeping through the night; 34% were bothered by unrefreshing sleep; and 33% reported that they snored. In spite of the high occurrence of reported persistent sleep problems, only 10% of the survey participants reported having been diagnosed with a sleep disorder. These study findings highlight the need for increased public and clinician awareness with respect to proactively indentifying signs and symptoms of sleep disorders, a better understanding of their adverse impact upon morbidity and mortality, and their negative impact upon socioeconomic and academic potential. C1 [Decker, Michael J.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Tabassum, Humyra; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [HL 72722] FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At the time of study inception and implementation, M. J. D. was at Emory University, and a portion of his time was funded by grant HL 72722. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 4 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn365 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 407ZR UT WOS:000263403300007 PM 19066308 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE AF Chapman, Louisa E. TI How Medicine Advances SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; THERAPY; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Crit Informat Integrat & Exchange, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Crit Informat Integrat & Exchange, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lec3@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.1086/596310 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 396IP UT WOS:000262585700006 PM 19143529 ER PT J AU Van Dam, CN Syed, S Eron, JJ Ostrander, M Engler, RJM Damon, I Montgomery, JR Tong, SX Adimora, AA Kahn, KA Ruone, S Anderson, L Weber, DJ AF Van Dam, Cornelius N. Syed, Samina Eron, Joseph J. Ostrander, Matthew Engler, Renata J. M. Damon, Inger Montgomery, Jay R. Tong, Suxiang Adimora, Adaora A. Kahn, Kevin A. Ruone, Susan Anderson, Larry Weber, David J. TI Severe Postvaccinia Encephalitis with Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Recovery with Early Intravenous Immunoglobulin, High-Dose Steroids, and Vaccinia Immunoglobulin SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION AB We report the second case of severe postvaccinial encephalitis with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis since smallpox vaccination was reintroduced in 2002. Both affected patients responded dramatically with early intervention of intravenous immunoglobulin. Our patient, who also received concurrent vaccinia immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, demonstrated full recovery. C1 [Van Dam, Cornelius N.] Univ N Carolina, AHEC, Moses Cone Hosp, Dept Internal Med Infect Dis, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Eron, Joseph J.; Adimora, Adaora A.; Weber, David J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ostrander, Matthew; Kahn, Kevin A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Syed, Samina] Univ Illinois, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Engler, Renata J. M.; Montgomery, Jay R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Engler, Renata J. M.; Montgomery, Jay R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tong, Suxiang; Ruone, Susan; Anderson, Larry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Van Dam, CN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, AHEC, Moses Cone Hosp, Dept Internal Med Infect Dis, 1200 N Elm St, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM kvandam@med.unc.edu FU University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX Financial support. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP E47 EP E49 DI 10.1086/596553 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 396IP UT WOS:000262585700028 PM 19133803 ER PT J AU Patterson, DG Wong, LY Turner, WE Caudill, SP Dipietro, ES McClure, PC Cash, TP Osterloh, JD Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ Needham, LL AF Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Wong, Lee-Yang Turner, Wayman E. Caudill, Samuel P. Dipietro, Emily S. McClure, Patricia C. Cash, Troy P. Osterloh, John D. Pirkle, James L. Sampson, Eric J. Needham, Larry L. TI Levels in the US Population of those Persistent Organic Pollutants (2003-2004) Included in the Stockholm Convention or in other Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Agreements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HUMAN-SERUM; DIOXIN; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; PCDFS; PCDDS AB We report human serum levels of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) categorized by age, sex, and race/ethnicity from a statistically representative sampling of the U.S. population during 2003 and 2004. The serum levels are for several chemicals listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, in the Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, or in both. Population data for each chemical are described by geometric means and percentiles and are categorized by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. At the 90th and 95th percentile, the dioxin total toxic equivalency (TEQ), using the 2005 toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for all persons 12 years of age and older was 30.9 pg/g lipid (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.2-33.9 pg/g lipid) and 37.8 pg/g lipid (95% CI: 35.3-43.4 pg/g lipid), respectively. At both the 90th and 95th percentiles total TEQ increased significantly with increasing age. The population geometric mean (GM) for the total PCB concentration (sum of 35 congeners) for all persons 12 years of age and older was 0.820 ng/g whole-weight (95% CI: 0.782-0.863 ng/g whole-weight) and 134.4 ng/g lipid (95% CI: 128.9-140.0 ng/g lipid). The population 95th percentile for the total PCB concentration for all persons 12 years of age and older was 3.53 ng/g whole-weight (95% CI: 3.23-3.92 ng/g whole-weight) and 531 ng/g lipid (95% CI: 498-570 ng/g lipid). The concentrations of aldrin, endrin, gamma-HCH, and o,p '-DDT were = 13 years who received a late HIV diagnosis during 1996-2004. We used standardized Kaplan-Meier survival methods to determine differences in time of progression from HIV to AIDS and death, by race/ethnicity, sex, age group, CD4(+) T-cell count, metropolitan residence, and diagnosis year. We compared the survival of IDUs with the survival of persons in other transmission categories. During 1996-2004, 42.2% (11,635) of 27,572 IDUs were diagnosed late. For IDUs, the risk for progression from HIV to AIDS 3 years after HIV diagnosis was greater for nonwhites, males and older persons. Three-year survival after HIV diagnosis was lower for IDU males (87.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 87.1-87.4) compared with males exposed through male-to-male sexual contact (91.6%, 95% CI, 91.6-91.7) and males exposed through high-risk heterosexual contact (HRHC) (91.9%, 95% CI, 91.8-91.9). Survival was also lower for IDU females (89.5%, 95% CI, 89.4-89.6) compared to HRHC females (93.3%, 95% CI, 93.3-93.4). Conclusions/Significance: A substantial proportion of IDUs living with HIV received their HIV diagnosis late. To improve survival of IDUs, HIV prevention efforts must ensure early access to HIV testing and care, as well as encourage adherence to antiretroviral treatment to slow disease progression. C1 [Grigoryan, Anna; Hall, H. Irene; Durant, Tonji] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wei, Xiangming] McKing Consult Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grigoryan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ffg7@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 13 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR e4445 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004445 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437JR UT WOS:000265484300004 PM 19214229 ER PT J AU Vogt, RF Kyle, RA AF Vogt, Robert F., Jr. Kyle, Robert A. TI The Secret Lives of Monoclonal B Cells SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA C1 [Vogt, Robert F., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kyle, Robert A.] Mayo Clin, Div Hematol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Vogt, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 12 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 7 BP 722 EP 723 DI 10.1056/NEJMe0810453 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 405YQ UT WOS:000263260500011 PM 19213686 ER PT J AU Rolka, DR Burrows, NR Li, Y Geiss, LS AF Rolka, D. R. Burrows, N. R. Li, Y. Geiss, L. S. TI Self-Reported Prediabetes and Risk-Reduction Activities United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1203, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Rolka, D. R.; Burrows, N. R.; Li, Y.; Geiss, L. S.] CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rolka, DR (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 11 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 6 BP 591 EP 593 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 405MN UT WOS:000263229000009 ER PT J AU Adhikari, B Kahende, J Malarcher, A Pechacek, T Tong, V AF Adhikari, B. Kahende, J. Malarcher, A. Pechacek, T. Tong, V. TI Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1226-1228, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Adhikari, B.; Kahende, J.; Malarcher, A.; Pechacek, T.; Tong, V.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adhikari, B (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 11 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 6 BP 593 EP 594 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 405MN UT WOS:000263229000010 ER PT J AU Talati, NJ Seybold, U Humphrey, B Aina, A Tapia, J Weinfurter, P Albalak, R Blumberg, HM AF Talati, Naasha J. Seybold, Ulrich Humphrey, Bianca Aina, Abiola Tapia, Jane Weinfurter, Paul Albalak, Rachel Blumberg, Henry M. TI Poor concordance between interferon-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin tests in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL-BASED ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PROGRESSION AB Background: A new generation of diagnostic tests, the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), have been developed for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Limited data are available on their use in HIV-infected persons. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at 2 HIV clinics in Atlanta to assess the utility of two IGRA tests (T-SPOT. TB [TSPOT] and QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube [QFT-3G]) compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST). Results: 336 HIV-infected persons were enrolled. Median CD4 count was 335 cells/mu l and median HIV viral load was 400 copies/ml. Overall, 27 patients (8.0%) had at least 1 positive diagnostic test for LTBI: 7 (2.1%) had a positive TST; 9 (2.7%) a positive QFT-3G; and 14 (4.2%) a positive TSPOT. Agreement between the 3 diagnostic tests was poor: TST and TSPOT, [kappa = 0.16, 95% CI (-0.06, 0.39)], TST and QFT-3G [kappa = 0.23, 95% CI (-0.05, 0.51)], QFT-3G and TSPOT [kappa = 0.06, 95% CI (-0.1, 0.2)]. An indeterminate test result occurred among 6 (1.8%) of QFT-3G and 47 (14%) of TSPOT tests. In multivariate analysis, patients with a CD4 = 200 cells/mu l were significantly more likely to have an indeterminate result [ OR = 3.6, 95% CI (1.9, 6.8)]. Conclusion: We found a low prevalence of LTBI and poor concordance between all 3 diagnostic tests. Indeterminate test results were more likely at CD4 counts <= 200 cells/mu l. Additional studies among HIV-infected populations with a high prevalence of TB are needed to further assess the utility of IGRAs in this patient population. C1 [Talati, Naasha J.; Seybold, Ulrich; Humphrey, Bianca; Aina, Abiola; Tapia, Jane; Blumberg, Henry M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Seybold, Ulrich] Univ Munich, Med Poliklin, Div Infect Dis, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Weinfurter, Paul; Albalak, Rachel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blumberg, Henry M.] Grady Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talati, NJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM naashatalati@yahoo.com; useybol@emory.edu; bianca.humphrey@emory.edu; yatey2@hotmail.com; jtapia@mindspring.com; cwa1@CDC.GOV; rka3@CDC.GOV; hblumbe@emory.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium [200-2001-00086]; CDC Foundation; Emory Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI050409] FX Supported in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium (contract number 200-2001-00086), the CDC Foundation, and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050409). NR 26 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-9-15 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 419BA UT WOS:000264192900001 PM 19208218 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ An, KN Cutlip, RG Andrew, ME Dong, RG AF Wu, John Z. An, Kai-Nan Cutlip, Robert G. Andrew, Michael E. Dong, Ren G. TI Modeling of the muscle/tendon excursions and moment arms in the thumb using the commercial software anybody SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Thumb; Kinematics; Muscle-tendon excursion; Moment arm; Simulations ID MUSCLES; HAND AB A biomechanical model of a thumb would be useful for exploring the mechanical loadings in the musculoskeletal system, which cannot be measured in vivo. The purpose of the current study is to develop a practical kinematic thumb model using the commercial software Anybody (Anybody Technology, Aalborg, Denmark), which includes real CT-scans of the bony sections and realistic tendon/muscle attachments on the bones. The thumb model consists of a trapezium, a metacarpal bone, a proximal and a distal phalanx. These four bony sections are linked via three joints, i.e., IP (interphalangeal), MP (metacarpophalangeal) and CMC (carpometacarpal) joints. Nine muscles were included in the proposed model. The theoretically calculated moment arms of the tendons are compared with the corresponding experimental data by Smutz et al. [1998. Mechanical advantage of the thumb muscles. J. Biomech. 31(6), 565-570]. The predicted muscle moment arms of the majority of the muscle/tendon units agree well with the experimental data in the entire range of motion. Close to the end of the motion range, the predicted moment arms of several muscles (i.e., ADPt and ADPo (transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis, respectively) muscles for CMC abduction/adduction and ADPt and FPB (flexor pollicis brevis) muscle for MP extension/flexion) deviate from the experimental data. The predicted moment potentials for all muscles are consistent with the experimental data. The findings thus suggest that, in a biomechanical model of the thumb, the mechanical functions of muscle-tendon units with small physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) can be well represented using single strings, while those with large PCSAs (flat-wide attachments, e.g., ADPt and ADPo) can be represented by the averaged excursions of two strings. Our results show that the tendons with large PCSAs can be well represented biomechanically using the proposed approach in the major range of motion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, John Z.; Cutlip, Robert G.; Andrew, Michael E.; Dong, Ren G.] CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [An, Kai-Nan] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jwu@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD FEB 9 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.008 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 411NZ UT WOS:000263657600032 PM 19124127 ER PT J AU Hall, CB Weinberg, GA Iwane, MK Blumkin, AK Edwards, KM Staat, MA Auinger, P Griffin, MR Poehling, KA Erdman, D Grijalva, CG Zhu, YW Szilagyi, P AF Hall, Caroline Breese Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Iwane, Marika K. Blumkin, Aaron K. Edwards, Kathryn M. Staat, Mary A. Auinger, Peggy Griffin, Marie R. Poehling, Katherine A. Erdman, Dean Grijalva, Carlos G. Zhu, Yuwei Szilagyi, Peter TI The Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Young Children SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; TRACT INFECTIONS; US CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; INFLUENZA; HOSPITALIZATION; INFANTS; DISEASE; RATES AB Background The primary role of respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) in causing infant hospitalizations is well recognized, but the total burden of RSV infection among young children remains poorly defined. Methods We conducted prospective, population- based surveillance of acute respiratory infections among children under 5 years of age in three U. S. counties. We enrolled hospitalized children from 2000 through 2004 and children presenting as outpatients in emergency departments and pediatric offices from 2002 through 2004. RSV was detected by culture and reverse- transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Clinical information was obtained from parents and medical records. We calculated population- based rates of hospitalization associated with RSV infection and estimated the rates of RSV- associated outpatient visits. Results Among 5067 children enrolled in the study, 919 ( 18%) had RSV infections. Overall, RSV was associated with 20% of hospitalizations, 18% of emergency department visits, and 15% of office visits for acute respiratory infections from November through April. Average annual hospitalization rates were 17 per 1000 children under 6 months of age and 3 per 1000 children under 5 years of age. Most of the children had no coexisting illnesses. Only prematurity and a young age were independent risk factors for hospitalization. Estimated rates of RSV- associated office visits among children under 5 years of age were three times those in emergency departments. Outpatients had moderately severe RSV- associated illness, but few of the illnesses ( 3%) were diagnosed as being caused by RSV. Conclusions RSV infection is associated with substantial morbidity in U. S. children in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Most children with RSV infection were previously healthy, suggesting that control strategies targeting only high- risk children will have a limited effect on the total disease burden of RSV infection. C1 [Hall, Caroline Breese; Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Blumkin, Aaron K.; Auinger, Peggy; Szilagyi, Peter] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Hall, Caroline Breese] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Iwane, Marika K.; Erdman, Dean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Edwards, Kathryn M.; Poehling, Katherine A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.; Grijalva, Carlos G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Zhu, Yuwei] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Staat, Mary A.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hall, CB (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 689, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM caroline_hall@urmc.rochester.edu FU MedImmune; Astellas; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck; Pfizer; Wyeth FX Supported through cooperative agreements with the CDC.; Dr. Hall reports receiving grant support and consulting fees from MedImmune; Dr. Weinberg, research support from Astellas and MedImmune and consulting fees from MedImmune; Dr. Staat, consulting fees or fees for serving on paid advisory boards from GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and MedImmune, lecture fees from Merck, and research support from MedImmune; Dr. Griffin, grant support from MedImmune and Pfizer; and Dr. Grijalva, lecture fees from Wyeth. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.; The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.; We thank the children and their parents who participated in this study; all the members of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, including Geraldine Lofthus, Kenneth Schnabel, Andrea Marino, Lynne Shelley, Jennifer Carnahan, Linda Anderson, Gladys Lathan, Charlene Freundlich, Christina Albertin, and Rebecca Martinez at the University of Rochester; John Williams, Diane Kent, Ann Clay, Ayesha Khan, Yi Wei Tang, Haijing Li, Jennifer Doersam, Amondrea Blackman, Nayleen Whitehead, Erin Keckley, and Jody Peters at Vanderbilt University; Linda Jamison, David Witte, David Bernstein, Emilie Grube, Vanessa Florian, Pamela Groen, and Joel Mortensen at the Cincinnati Children's Medical Center; and Ranee Seither, Aaron Curns, Larry Anderson, Carolyn B. Bridges, Benjamin Schwartz, Frances Walker, John Copeland, Alicia Fry, Jennifer Reuer, and John Zhang at the CDC. NR 38 TC 669 Z9 690 U1 10 U2 44 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 6 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0804877 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402QS UT WOS:000263028800005 PM 19196675 ER PT J AU Tondella, ML Carlone, GM Messonnier, N Quinn, CR Meade, BD Burns, DL Cherry, JD Guiso, N Hewlett, EL Edwards, KM Xing, D Giammanco, A von Konig, CHW Han, L Hueston, L Robbins, JB Powell, M Mink, CM Poolman, JT Hildreth, SW Lynn, F Morris, A AF Tondella, M. L. Carlone, G. M. Messonnier, N. Quinn, C. R. Meade, B. D. Burns, D. L. Cherry, J. D. Guiso, N. Hewlett, E. L. Edwards, K. M. Xing, D. Giammanco, A. von Koenig, C. H. Wirsing Han, L. Hueston, L. Robbins, J. B. Powell, M. Mink, C. M. Poolman, J. T. Hildreth, S. W. Lynn, F. Morris, A. TI International Bordetella pertussis assay standardization and harmonization meeting report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 19-20 July 2007 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Bordetella pertussis; Whooping cough; Standardization of serologic assays; ELISA; Pertussis vaccines ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE TOXIN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; UNVACCINATED CHILDREN; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; VACCINE EFFICACY; MURINE MODEL AB An international meeting on Bordetella pertussis assay standardization and harmonization was held at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 19-20 July 2007. The goal of the meeting was to harmonize the immunoassays used for pertussis diagnostics and vaccine evaluation, as agreed upon by academic and government researchers, regulatory authorities, vaccine manufacturers, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The primary objectives were (1) to provide epidemiologic, laboratory, and statistical background for support of global harmonization; (2) to overview the current status of global epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunology of pertussis; (3) to develop a consensus opinion on existing gaps in understanding standardization of pertussis assays used for serodiagnosis and vaccine evaluation; and (4) to search for a multicenter process for addressing these priority gaps. Presentations and discussions by content experts addressed these objectives. A prioritized list of action items to improve standardization and harmonization of pertussis assays was identified during a group discussion at the end of the meeting. The major items included: (I) to identify a group that will organize, prepare, maintain, and distribute proficiency panels and key reagents such as reference and control sera; (2) to encourage the development and identification of one or more reference laboratories that can serve as an anchor and resource for other laboratories; (3) to define a performance-based assay method that can serve as a reference point for evaluating laboratory differences; (4) to develop guidance on quality of other reagents, e.g., pertussis toxin and other antigens, and methods to demonstrate their Suitability; (5) to establish an international working group to harmonize the criteria to evaluate the results obtained on reference and proficiency panel sera; (6) to create an inventory to determine the amount of appropriate and well-characterized sera that are available globally to be used as bridging reagents for vaccine licensure: and (7) to seek specific guidance from regulatory authorities regarding the expectations and requirements for the licensure of new multicomponent pertussis vaccines. C1 [Tondella, M. L.; Carlone, G. M.; Messonnier, N.; Quinn, C. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Burns, D. L.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cherry, J. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Guiso, N.] Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France. [Hewlett, E. L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Edwards, K. M.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Xing, D.] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Giammanco, A.] Univ Palermo, Dept Hyg & Microbiol, I-90127 Palermo, Italy. [von Koenig, C. H. Wirsing] Stadt Krankenanstalten, Inst Hyg & Lab Med, D-47805 Krefeld, Germany. [Han, L.] Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Lab Sci, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Hueston, L.] Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Ctr Infect Dis & Microbiol, ICPMR, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. [Robbins, J. B.] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Powell, M.] UK Med & Healthcare Prod Regulatory Agcy MHRA, London SW8 5NQ, England. [Mink, C. M.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Poolman, J. T.] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Bacterial Vaccine R&D, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. [Hildreth, S. W.] Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. [Lynn, F.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Morris, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Canadian Ctr Vaccinol, IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. RP Tondella, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtondella@cdc.gov NR 93 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 6 BP 803 EP 814 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.072 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 408FV UT WOS:000263421800001 PM 19071179 ER PT J AU Lua, PJ Euler, GL Jumaan, AO Harpaz, R AF Lua, Peng-jun Euler, Gary L. Jumaan, Aisha O. Harpaz, Rafael TI Herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged 60 years or older in the United States, 2007: Uptake of the first new vaccine to target seniors SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HZ vaccine; Vaccination; Coverage; Adult; Herpes zoster ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; NATIONAL-SURVEY; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVALENCE AB Background: Approximately one million new cases of shingles (herpes zoster [HZ]), a severely painful and debilitating disease caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), occur in the United States each year. HZ incidence increases with age, especially after age 50. A vaccine to prevent HZ and its sequelae was licensed in May 2006 for those aged 60 years or older, making it the first new vaccine targeted to this age group in many years. In October 2006 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended HZ vaccination of persons aged >= 60 years; these recommendations were published in 2008. We examined HZ vaccination coverage among persons aged >= 60 years in the U.S. in 2007, and evaluated factors affecting the uptake of HZ vaccine in this population. Methods: Data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult (NIS-Adult) restricted to individuals aged >= 60 years were analyzed using SUDAAN software to estimate national HZ vaccination coverage, and reasons for not receiving the HZ vaccine. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with HZ vaccination. Results: Of 3662 respondents, 1.9% (95% confidence interval = 1.3%. 2.8%) reported having received the HZ vaccine. A total of 72.9% of respondents were unaware of the HZ vaccine but 77.8% stated that they would accept HZ vaccination if their doctor recommended it. Of the remaining 556 respondents, key reasons reported for not accepting HZ vaccine included 'vaccination not needed' (34.8%), 'not at risk' (12.5%), and 'don't trust in doctors or medicine' (9.5%). Conclusions: Soon after its availability in the United States, coverage among adults recommended to receive the HZ vaccine was low. Our data provide evidence that the lack of patient awareness and of physician recommendations were barriers to vaccine uptake. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lua, Peng-jun; Euler, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jumaan, Aisha O.; Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lua, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plu@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 6 BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.077 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 408FV UT WOS:000263421800011 ER PT J AU Warren, KA Weltman, A Hanks, C LaFountain, T Lowery, E Woolard, D Armstrong, C Patel, AS Kurkjian, KM AF Warren, K. A. Weltman, A. Hanks, C. LaFountain, T. Lowery, E. Woolard, D. Armstrong, C. Patel, A. S. Kurkjian, K. M. TI Outbreak of Histoplasmosis Among Travelers Returning From El Salvador-Pennsylvania and Virginia, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1349-1353, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DIAGNOSIS C1 [Warren, K. A.; Weltman, A.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Hanks, C.; LaFountain, T.; Lowery, E.; Woolard, D.; Armstrong, C.] Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. [Patel, A. S.; Kurkjian, K. M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warren, KA (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 4 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 5 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402CS UT WOS:000262992400009 ER PT J AU Alsever, RN Thomas, WM Nevin-Woods, C Beauvais, R Dennison, S Bueno, R Chang, L Bartecchi, CE Babb, S Trosclair, A Engstrom, M Pechacek, T Kaufmann, R AF Alsever, R. N. Thomas, W. M. Nevin-Woods, C. Beauvais, R. Dennison, S. Bueno, R. Chang, L. Bartecchi, C. E. Babb, S. Trosclair, A. Engstrom, M. Pechacek, T. Kaufmann, R. TI Reduced Hospitalizations for Acute Myocardial Infarction After Implementation of a Smoke-Free Ordinance-City of Pueblo, Colorado, 2002-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1373-1377, 2009) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SECONDHAND SMOKE; FREE LEGISLATION; ADMISSIONS; BAN C1 [Alsever, R. N.] Parkview Med Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. [Nevin-Woods, C.; Beauvais, R.; Dennison, S.; Bueno, R.] Pueblo City Cty Hlth Dept, Pueblo, CO USA. [Chang, L.] Colorado State Univ, Pueblo, CO USA. [Bartecchi, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Babb, S.; Trosclair, A.; Engstrom, M.; Pechacek, T.; Kaufmann, R.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alsever, RN (reprint author), Parkview Med Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 4 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 5 BP 480 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402CS UT WOS:000262992400010 ER PT J AU Little, J Higgins, JPT Ioannidis, JPA Moher, D Gagnon, F von Elm, E Khoury, MJ Cohen, B Davey-Smith, G Grimshaw, J Scheet, P Gwinn, M Williamson, RE Zou, GY Hutchings, K Johnson, CY Tait, V Wiens, M Golding, J van Duijn, C McLaughlin, J Paterson, A Wells, G Fortier, I Freedman, M Zecevic, M King, R Infante-Rivard, C Stewart, AFR Birkett, N AF Little, Julian Higgins, Julian P. T. Ioannidis, John P. A. Moher, David Gagnon, France von Elm, Erik Khoury, Muin J. Cohen, Barbara Davey-Smith, George Grimshaw, Jeremy Scheet, Paul Gwinn, Marta Williamson, Robin E. Zou, Guang Yong Hutchings, Kim Johnson, Candice Y. Tait, Valerie Wiens, Miriam Golding, Jean van Duijn, Cornelia McLaughlin, John Paterson, Andrew Wells, George Fortier, Isabel Freedman, Matthew Zecevic, Maja King, Richard Infante-Rivard, Claire Stewart, Alex F. R. Birkett, Nick TI STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA): An Extension of the STROBE Statement SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; COMPLEX DISEASES; PROSTATE-CANCER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information into the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and issues of data volume that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. C1 [Little, Julian] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. Robarts Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. Canc Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cell Press, Cambridge, MA USA. Lancet Publishing Grp, New York, NY USA. Amer Coll Med Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. MRC, Cambridge, England. Univ Bristol & Blackwell Publishing, Bristol, Avon, England. Springer Netherlands, Rotterdam, Netherlands. German Cochrane Ctr, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; McLaughlin, John/E-4577-2013; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; von Elm, Erik/0000-0002-7412-0406; Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164; Grimshaw, Jeremy/0000-0001-8015-8243 FU Institutes of Genetics and of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genome Canada; Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada; Affymetrix; DNA Genotek; TrialStat!; GeneSens FX Grant Support: By the Institutes of Genetics and of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genome Canada; Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada; Affymetrix; DNA Genotek; TrialStat!; and GeneSens. NR 154 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 3 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 3 BP 206 EP + PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402RA UT WOS:000263029600008 PM 19189911 ER PT J AU Fang, J Keenan, NL Mensah, GA Croft, JB AF Fang, Jing Keenan, Nora L. Mensah, George A. Croft, Janet B. TI Impact of Diastolic Dysfunction on Heart Failure-Related Hospitalizations Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Fang, Jing] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Bulford Hwy,NE MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 3 PY 2009 VL 53 IS 5 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.030 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 400DC UT WOS:000262847200012 ER PT J AU Wilson, RS Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Barnes, LL de Leon, CFM Evans, DA AF Wilson, R. S. Hebert, L. E. Scherr, P. A. Barnes, L. L. de Leon, C. F. Mendes Evans, D. A. TI Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCIDENT ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DEFINED POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; OCCUPATION; DEMENTIA; SAMPLE; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Level of education is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer disease but its relation to cognitive decline, the principal clinical manifestation of the disease, is uncertain. Methods: More than 6,000 older residents of a community on the south side of Chicago were interviewed at approximately 3-year intervals for up to 14 years. The interview included administration of four brief tests of cognitive function from which a previously established composite measure of global cognition was derived. We estimated the associations of education with baseline level of cognition and rate of cognitive change in a series of mixed-effects models. Results: In an initial analysis, higher level of education was related to higher level of cognition at baseline, but there was no linear association between education and rate of change in cognitive function. In a subsequent analysis with terms to allow for nonlinearity in education and its relation to cognitive decline, rate of cognitive decline at average or high levels of education was slightly increased during earlier years of follow-up but slightly decreased in later years in comparison to low levels of education. Findings were similar among black and white participants. Cognitive performance improved with repeated test administration, but there was no evidence that retest effects were related to education or attenuated education's association with cognitive change. Conclusions: The results suggest that education is robustly associated with level of cognitive function but not with rate of cognitive decline and that the former association primarily accounts for education's correlation with risk of dementia in old age. Neurology (R) 2009;72:460-465 C1 [Wilson, R. S.; Barnes, L. L.] Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hebert, L. E.; de Leon, C. F. Mendes; Evans, D. A.] Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Wilson, R. S.; Barnes, L. L.; Evans, D. A.] Rush Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Wilson, R. S.; Barnes, L. L.] Rush Univ, Dept Behav Sci, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hebert, L. E.; de Leon, C. F. Mendes; Evans, D. A.] Rush Univ, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Scherr, P. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, RS (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, 600 S Paulina Ave,Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rwilson@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 11101, AG10161]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 10902] NR 40 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 3 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 404YF UT WOS:000263188200012 PM 19188578 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Salemi, M Qari, SH Jia, H Gray, RR Katzourakis, A Marriott, SJ Pryor, KN Wolfe, ND Burke, DS Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, William M. Salemi, Marco Qari, Shoukat H. Jia, Hongwei Gray, Rebecca R. Katzourakis, Aris Marriott, Susan J. Pryor, Kendle N. Wolfe, Nathan D. Burke, Donald S. Folks, Thomas M. Heneine, Walid TI Ancient, independent evolution and distinct molecular features of the novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; PERSISTENCE IN-VIVO; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; HTLV-1 TAX; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CERCOCEBUS-TORQUATUS; GENOME ANALYSIS; BINDING MOTIF AB Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 (HTLV-4) is a new deltaretrovirus recently identified in a primate hunter in Cameroon. Limited sequence analysis previously showed that HTLV-4 may be distinct from HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HTLV-3, and their simian counterparts, STLV1, STLV-2, and STLV-3, respectively. Analysis of full-length genomes can provide basic information on the evolutionary history and replication and pathogenic potential of new viruses. Results: We report here the first complete HTLV-4 sequence obtained by PCR-based genome walking using uncultured peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA from an HTLV-4-infected person. The HTLV-4(1863LE) genome is 8791-bp long and is equidistant from HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HTLV-3 sharing only 62 -71% nucleotide identity. HTLV-4 has a prototypic genomic structure with all enzymatic, regulatory, and structural proteins preserved. Like STLV-2, STLV-3, and HTLV-3, HTLV-4 is missing a third 21-bp transcription element found in the long terminal repeats of HTLV1 and HTLV-2 but instead contains unique c-Myb and pre B-cell leukemic transcription factor binding sites. Like HTLV-2, the PDZ motif important for cellular signal transduction and transformation in HTLV-1 and HTLV-3 is missing in the C-terminus of the HTLV-4 Tax protein. A basic leucine zipper (b-ZIP) region located in the antisense strand of HTLV-1 and believed to play a role in viral replication and oncogenesis, was also found in the complementary strand of HTLV4. Detailed phylogenetic analysis shows that HTLV-4 is clearly a monophyletic viral group. Dating using a relaxed molecular clock inferred that the most recent common ancestor of HTLV-4 and HTLV-2/STLV-2 occurred 49,800 to 378,000 years ago making this the oldest known PTLV lineage. Interestingly, this period coincides with the emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens during the Middle Pleistocene suggesting that early humans may have been susceptible hosts for the ancestral HTLV4. Conclusion: The inferred ancient origin of HTLV-4 coinciding with the appearance of Homo sapiens, the propensity of STLVs to cross-species into humans, the fact that HTLV-1 and -2 spread globally following migrations of ancient populations, all suggest that HTLV-4 may be prevalent. Expanded surveillance and clinical studies are needed to better define the epidemiology and public health importance of HTLV-4 infection. C1 [Switzer, William M.; Qari, Shoukat H.; Jia, Hongwei; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Salemi, Marco; Gray, Rebecca R.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Katzourakis, Aris] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Marriott, Susan J.; Pryor, Kendle N.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wolfe, Nathan D.] Stanford Univ, Program Human Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wolfe, Nathan D.] Global Viral Forecasting Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Burke, Donald S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Folks, Thomas M.] SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov; salemi@pathology.ufl.edu; sqari@cdc.gov; hjia@cdc.gov; rgray@ufl.edu; aris.katzourakis@zoology.oxford.ac.uk; susanm@bcm.tmc.edu; pryor@bcm.tmc.edu; nwolfe@stanford.edu; donburke@pitt.edu; tfolks@sfbrgenetics.org; wheneine@cdc.gov OI Qari, Shoukat/0000-0002-0016-4414; Katzourakis, Aris/0000-0003-3328-6204; /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DP1-OD000370, K01 TW00003-1, R25 M 69234, R21 AI078307]; Global Viral Forecasting Initiative FX N.D.W. is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's Pioneer Award Program (grant number DP1-OD000370) and an International Research Scientist Development Award from the NIH Fogarty International Center (K01 TW00003-1). This research was supported in part by the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. K.N.P. was supported by NIH grant #R25 M 69234, and work in the S.J.M. laboratory was supported by NIH grant #R21 AI078307. NR 75 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD FEB 2 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-6-9 PG 20 WC Virology SC Virology GA 412OT UT WOS:000263734800001 PM 19187529 ER PT J AU Suntharasamai, P Martin, M Vanichseni, S van Griensven, F Mock, PA Pitisuttithum, P Tappero, JW Sangkum, U Kitayaporn, D Gurwith, M Choopanya, K AF Suntharasamai, Pravan Martin, Michael Vanichseni, Suphak van Griensven, Frits Mock, Philip A. Pitisuttithum, Punnee Tappero, Jordan W. Sangkum, Udomsak Kitayaporn, Dwip Gurwith, Marc Choopanya, Kachit CA Bangkok Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI Factors associated with incarceration and incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users participating in an HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand, 1999-2003 SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; HIV vaccine trial; injection drug users; incarceration; jail; prison; Thailand ID METHADONE-MAINTENANCE; PRISON SYSTEM; PREVENTION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; POLICY AB To determine if incarceration was associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and identify risk factors for incarceration among injection drug users (IDUs) participating in an HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok. The AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A proportional hazards model was used to evaluate demographic characteristics, risk behavior and incarceration as predictors of HIV infection and generalized estimation equation logistic regression analysis to investigate demographic characteristics and risk behaviors for predictors of incarceration. The trial was conducted in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug-treatment clinics, 1999-2003. A total of 2546 HIV-uninfected IDUs enrolled in the trial. HIV testing was performed and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess risk behavior and incarceration at baseline and every 6 months for a total of 36 months. HIV incidence was 3.4 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.0-3.9] and did not differ among vaccine and placebo recipients. In multivariable analysis, being in jail (P < 0.04), injecting (P < 0.0001), injecting daily (P < 0.0001) and sharing needles (P = 0.02) were associated with HIV infection and methadone maintenance was protective (P = 0.0006). Predictors of incarceration in multivariable analysis included: male sex (P = 0.04), younger age (P < 0.0001), less education (P = 0.001) and being in jail (P < 0.0001) or prison (P < 0.0001) before enrollment. Among IDUs in the AIDSVAX B/E trial, incarceration in jail was associated with incident HIV infection. IDUs in Thailand remain at high risk of HIV infection and additional prevention tools are needed urgently. HIV prevention services, including methadone, should be made available to IDUs. C1 [Martin, Michael; van Griensven, Frits; Mock, Philip A.; Tappero, Jordan W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Suntharasamai, Pravan; Pitisuttithum, Punnee; Kitayaporn, Dwip] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Martin, Michael; van Griensven, Frits] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vanichseni, Suphak; Choopanya, Kachit] Bangkok Vaccine Evaluat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. [Tappero, Jordan W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sangkum, Udomsak] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kitayaporn, Dwip] Bumrungrad Int Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. [Gurwith, Marc] VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Soi 4,DDC 7 Bldg,4th Floor, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM znd9@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD FEB PY 2009 VL 104 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02436.x PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 394MK UT WOS:000262450600015 PM 19149819 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL O'Connor, MJ Velasquez, MM AF Tsai, James Floyd, R. Louise O'Connor, Mary J. Velasquez, Mary M. TI Alcohol use and serious psychological distress among women of childbearing age SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE Alcohol use; Serious psychological distress; Co-occurring; Integrated; Women ID NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; DUAL DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MENTAL-ILLNESS; BINGE DRINKING; AVERAGE VOLUME; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-ABUSE; CONSUMPTION; PATTERNS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to present nationally representative findings on the prevalence and co-occurrence of alcohol use and serious psychological distress among women aged 18-44 years, as well as their access to health care. Methods: A total of 24,900 women aged 18-44 years participated in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) during the years 2003-2005. Using data from the cross-sectional survey, we estimated the prevalence and co-occurrence of alcohol use and serious psychological distress among this population; this association was examined using logistic regression. Health care access among women who used alcohol and had serious psychological distress was characterized by co-occurring status. Results: During the study period. the estimated annual prevalence was 4.1% for heavier alcohol use, 56.0% for non-heavier use, 39.8% for nonuse, and 3.6% for serious psychological distress among women aged 18-44 years. Women who experienced serious psychological distress were at an increased likelihood for alcohol use, particularly heavier use. Alcohol use and serious psychological distress co-occurred among an estimated 1.1 million women of childbearing age in the United States annually. Most women, regardless of their co-occurring status, reported being treated by clinicians in various health care settings during the previous 12 months. Conclusions: Alcohol use is common among women of childbearing age who experience serious psychological distress. The findings of this study provide support for enhancing efforts toward integrated assessment and intervention among women who have such co-occurring risk factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tsai, James; Floyd, R. Louise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Connor, Mary J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Velasquez, Mary M.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Social Work Res, Hlth Behav Res & Training Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Tsai, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxt9@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.09.005 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 390XO UT WOS:000262197200003 PM 18930354 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Purcell, DW Zhang, J Knowlton, AR De Varona, M Arnsten, JH Knight, KR AF Mizuno, Yuko Purcell, David W. Zhang, Jun Knowlton, Amy R. De Varona, Martina Arnsten, Julia H. Knight, Kelly R. TI Predictors of Current Housing Status Among HIV-Seropositive Injection Drug Users (IDUs): Results from a 1-Year Study SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Predictors; Housing; HIV-seropositive injection drug users ID MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; RISK-FACTORS; MEDICAL-CARE; HEROIN USE; HOMELESSNESS; SAMPLE; ADHERENCE; ILLNESS; PEOPLE; ADULTS AB Using longitudinal data collected from 821 HIV-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs) who participated in a multi-site behavioral intervention study, we identified predictors of current housing status at baseline and 12-month follow-up time points. The study was conducted in Baltimore, Miami, New York, and San Francisco from 2001 to 2005. Logistic regression, incorporating the general estimating equations (GEE) method was performed. Multivariate analysis found that Miami participants (OR = 0.56) were less likely to report having current housing (P < 0.05). Among the potential barriers to housing, lower income (OR = 0.68), injection cocaine/crack use (OR = 0.66) and recent incarceration (OR = 0.10) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among the potential facilitators of housing, case management (OR = 1.38), outpatient drug treatment attendance (OR = 1.74), and social support (OR = 1.39) were significant. The association between social support and housing was stronger among those who had been recently incarcerated. Additional research is needed to identify types of support and resources beyond what is currently provided in order to better serve housing needs of HIV-seropositive IDUs. C1 [Mizuno, Yuko; Purcell, David W.; Zhang, Jun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Knowlton, Amy R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [De Varona, Martina] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. [Arnsten, Julia H.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Knight, Kelly R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ymizuno@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10461-008-9364-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 387FE UT WOS:000261936300019 PM 18247113 ER PT J AU Thrun, M Cook, PF Bradley-Springer, LA Gardner, L Marks, G Wright, J Wilson, TE Quinlivan, EB O'Daniels, C Raffanti, S Thompson, M Golin, C AF Thrun, Mark Cook, Paul F. Bradley-Springer, Lucy A. Gardner, Lytt Marks, Gary Wright, Julie Wilson, Tracey E. Quinlivan, E. Byrd O'Daniels, Christine Raffanti, Stephen Thompson, Melanie Golin, Carol TI IMPROVED PREVENTION COUNSELING BY HIV CARE PROVIDERS IN A MULTISITE, CLINIC-BASED INTERVENTION: POSITIVE STEPs SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFECTED PATIENTS; IMPLEMENTATION; TRANSMISSION; SETTINGS; DRINKERS; BEHAVIOR AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have recommended that HIV care clinics incorporate prevention into clinical practice. This report summarizes HIV care providers' attitudes and counseling practices before and after they received training to deliver a counseling Intervention to patients. Providers at seven HIV clinics received training in delivering a counseling intervention (Positive STEPs) to their patients and completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires to measure changes in prevention parameters. A cohort of patients at each clinic was independently surveyed about counseling experiences. Compared with the pretraining period, providers' self-ratings collected after they initiated the intervention showed significant (p <.05) positive changes in attitudes, comfort, self-efficacy, and frequency of delivering prevention counseling. Patients reported an increase in prevention counseling received from providers after training. The findings indicate that the training and delivery of the Positive STEPs intervention was associated with positive changes in providers' attitudes and HIV prevention counseling to patients. C1 [Thrun, Mark; Cook, Paul F.; Bradley-Springer, Lucy A.] Univ Colorado, Mt Plains AIDS Educ & Training Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Gardner, Lytt; Marks, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wright, Julie] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [O'Daniels, Christine] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilson, Tracey E.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Quinlivan, E. Byrd; Golin, Carol] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Raffanti, Stephen] Comprehens Care Clin, Nashville, TN USA. [Thompson, Melanie] AIDS Res Consortia Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thrun, M (reprint author), 605 Bannock Sr, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM mark.thrun@dhha.org FU PHS HHS [2003-N-00897] NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 7 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410XC UT WOS:000263610600005 PM 19243231 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Shepherd, JA Looker, AC Graubard, BI Borrud, LG Ogden, CL Harris, TB Everhart, JE Schenker, N AF Flegal, Katherine M. Shepherd, John A. Looker, Anne C. Graubard, Barry I. Borrud, Lori G. Ogden, Cynthia L. Harris, Tamara B. Everhart, James E. Schenker, Nathaniel TI Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; WHITE WOMEN; 4-COMPARTMENT MODELS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DEFINE OVERWEIGHT; ASIAN POPULATIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ETHNIC-GROUPS AB Background: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist-stature ratio (WSR) are considered to be possible proxies for adiposity. Objective: The objective was to investigate the relations between BMI, WC, WSR, and percentage body fat (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in adults in a large nationally representative US population sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Design: BMI, WC, and WSR were compared with percentage body fat in a sample of 12,901 adults. Results: WC, WSR, and BMI were significantly more correlated with each other than with percentage body fat (P < 0.0001 for all sex-age groups). Percentage body fat tended to be significantly more correlated with WC than with BMI in men but significantly more correlated with BMI than with WC in women (P, 0.0001 except in the oldest age group). WSR tended to be slightly more correlated with percentage body fat than was WC. Percentile values of BMI, WC, and WSR are shown that correspond to percentiles of percentage body fat increments of 5 percentage points. More than 90% of the sample could be categorized to within one category of percentage body fat by each measure. Conclusions: BMI, WC, and WSR perform similarly as indicators of body fatness and are more closely related to each other than with percentage body fat. These variables may be an inaccurate measure of percentage body fat for an individual, but they correspond fairly well overall with percentage body fat within sex-age groups and distinguish categories of percentage body fat. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 500-8 C1 [Flegal, Katherine M.; Looker, Anne C.; Borrud, Lori G.; Ogden, Cynthia L.; Schenker, Nathaniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Shepherd, John A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Harris, Tamara B.] NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Everhart, James E.] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4201, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 56 TC 224 Z9 235 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26847 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 396RL UT WOS:000262608700006 PM 19116329 ER PT J AU Fischer, GE Bialek, SP Homan, CE Livingston, SE McMahon, BJ AF Fischer, Gayle E. Bialek, Stephanie P. Homan, Chriss E. Livingston, Stephen E. McMahon, Brian J. TI Chronic Liver Disease among Alaska-Native People, 2003-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-C; AMINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK AB OBJECTIVES: A higher proportion of deaths among American-Indian/Alaska-Native (AI/AN) people has been attributed to chronic liver disease (CLD) compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The objectives of this study were to determine CLD prevalence and to define its etiologies and complications among AN and AI people, who received health care from an urban hospital center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of AN and AI people >= 18 years old who had at least one patient encounter at the Alaska Native Medical Center during January 2003-December 2004. RESULTS: A total of 1,886 (7.2%) of 26,166 AI/AN people met criteria for having CLD. The most commonly identified etiologies were alcohol-related liver disease (42%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (31%), chronic hepatitis C virus infection (26%), and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (8%). Compared with women, men had a higher overall prevalence of CLD (81.9 vs. 64.7 per 1,000), but were less likely to die from a CLD-related cause (1.5 vs. 2.7 per 1,000). These differences in the CLD deaths were mostly attributed to alcohol-related liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known population-based study to examine the burden and etiology of CLD among AN people. Causes of CLD were similar among AI/AN people as those reported among other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Identifying specific etiologies of CLD among populations can help target appropriate prevention and treatment strategies as they are specific to the causes of CLD. C1 [Fischer, Gayle E.; Bialek, Stephanie P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Homan, Chriss E.; Livingston, Stephen E.; McMahon, Brian J.] Alaska Native Med Ctr, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Investigat Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Fischer, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gefischer@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU022279]; Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium FX This study was funded in part through a cooperative agreement (U50/CCU022279) between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. The authors do not have any other financial support to declare. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 104 IS 2 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1038/ajg.2008.57 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 410GU UT WOS:000263566300018 PM 19174808 ER PT J AU Boehmer, TK Bamberg, WM Ghosh, TS Cronquist, A Fornof, ME Cichon, MK Gershman, K Vogt, RL AF Boehmer, Tegan K. Bamberg, Wendy M. Ghosh, Tista S. Cronquist, Alicia Fornof, Marie E. Cichon, Mary Kate Gershman, Ken Vogt, Richard L. TI Health care-associated outbreak of Salmonella Tennessee in a neonatal intensive care unit SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; NURSERY; INFANTS AB Background: In December 2006. we investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Tennessee in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that coincided with a nationwide Salmonella Tennessee outbreak associated with contaminated peanut butter. Methods: Salmonellosis was defined as isolation of Salmonella Tennessee from any clinical specimen or more than I episode of bloody stool within a 24-hour period. We conducted a cohort study among 13 NICU infants, reviewed medical records, cultured stool from infants and staff, collected environmental samples, and examined infection control practices. Results: Ten of the 13 infants had salmonellosis (77%). No medical or dietary risk factors were identified. The proportion of days in which the NICU census exceeded its 11 -bed design capacity was higher in December compared with the previous 11 months (41.9% vs 0.3%; P <.001). Hand sinks did not meet operational standards. Salmonella Tennessee was isolated from 9 of the 13 infants, 2 of 40 staff members, and 6 of 42 environmental samples: all isolates matched the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern of the nationwide Salmonella Tennessee Outbreak. Conclusions: Although the Source of Salmonella Tennessee was not identified, the high census and limited access to sinks likely facilitated transmission to the NICU infants. Infection control interventions, including halting new NICU admissions, interrupted further transmission. (Am J Infect Control 2009;37:49-55.) C1 [Boehmer, Tegan K.; Bamberg, Wendy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Boehmer, Tegan K.; Ghosh, Tista S.; Vogt, Richard L.] Tricty Hlth Dept, Greenwood Village, CO USA. [Bamberg, Wendy M.; Cronquist, Alicia; Cichon, Mary Kate; Gershman, Ken] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Boehmer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tboehmer@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.12.012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 409BI UT WOS:000263480800008 PM 18834739 ER PT J AU Langer, AJ Lafaro, P Genese, CA McDonough, P Nahass, R Robertson, C AF Langer, Adam J. Lafaro, Pat Genese, Carol A. McDonough, Pauline Nahass, Ron Robertson, Corwin TI Using active microbiologic surveillance and enhanced infection control measures to control an outbreak of health care-associated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections-New Jersey, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; UNIT; BACTERIA AB Between April and June 2007, an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections occurred in an intensive care unit in New Jersey, The outbreak was contained through active microbiologic surveillance, contact precautions, cohorting, and frequent room cleaning. This outbreak demonstrates the importance of rapid response in identifying and isolating patients to prevent further transmission. (Am J Infect Control 2009;37:73-5.) C1 [Langer, Adam J.; Genese, Carol A.; Robertson, Corwin] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Langer, Adam J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lafaro, Pat; McDonough, Pauline; Nahass, Ron] Somerset Med Ctr, Somerville, NJ USA. RP Langer, AJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ALanger@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.02.005 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 409BI UT WOS:000263480800012 PM 18834744 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Chu, SY AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Chu, Susan Y. TI When and Why Children Fall Behind with Vaccinations Missed Visits and Missed Opportunities at Milestone Ages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS; COVERAGE AB Objective: Little is known about when-and why-children fall behind in their recommended vaccinations. Vaccination status throughout the first 2 years of life was examined to identify vulnerable transition periods that account for attrition and to determine whether children fell behind because they missed vaccination visits or because of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination. Methods: Vaccination histories for 27,083 children aged 24-35 Months in the 2006-2007 National Immunization Survey were analyzed to determine the vaccination status at each age ill days, focusing on the milestone ages of 3, 5, 7, 16, 19, and 24 months. Also assessed were the percentage of children who fell behind between milestones and the percentage who did so due to the lack of a vaccination visit compared to a missed opportunity for simultaneous vaccination. Results: The percentage of children who fell behind from one milestone age to the next. ranged from 9% during the interval from age 16 months to 19 months to 20% during the interval from age 7 months to age 16 months. Missed vaccination visits accounted for most attrition during the intervals from age 3 months to age 5 months, age 5 months to age 7 months, and age 16 months to age 19 months, while missed opportunities for Simultaneous vaccination accounted for >90% of the children who fell behind during the interval from age 7 months to age 16 months. Conclusions: Missed vaccination visits and missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccinations both must be addressed to reduce the number of children falling behind in their vaccinations. With one in five children falling behind during the interval from age 7 months to age 16 months-mostly as a result of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination-providers should FOCUS on this time interval to deliver all of the recommended vaccinations that are due. C1 [Luman, Elizabeth T.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chu, Susan Y.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.035 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 397RK UT WOS:000262679600003 PM 19062241 ER PT J AU Botchwey, ND Hobson, SE Dannenberg, AL Mumford, KG Contant, CK McMillan, TE Jackson, RJ Lopez, R Winkle, C AF Botchwey, Nisha D. Hobson, Susan E. Dannenberg, Andrew L. Mumford, Karen G. Contant, Cheryl K. McMillan, Tracy E. Jackson, Richard J. Lopez, Russell Winkle, Curtis TI A Model Curriculum for a Course on the Built Environment and Public Health Training for an Interdisciplinary Workforce SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; COMMUNITY DESIGN; UNITED-STATES; SMART GROWTH; URBAN FORM; IMPACT; CITIES; TRANSPORTATION; FRAMEWORK AB Despite growing evidence of the direct and indirect effects of the built environment on public health, planners, who shape the built environment, and public health professionals, who protect the public's health, rarely interact. Most public health professionals have little experience with urban planners, zoning boards, city councils, and others who make decisions about the built environment. Likewise, few planners understand the health implications of design, land use, or transportation decisions. One strategy for bridging this divide is the development of interdisciplinary courses in planning and public health that address the health implications of the built environment. Professional networking and Internet-based searches in 2007 led to the identification of six primarily graduate-level courses in the U.S. that address the links between the built environment and public health. Common content areas in most of the identified courses included planning and public health histories, health disparities, interdisciplinary approaches, air and water quality, physical activity, social capital, and mental health. Instructors of these courses collaborated on course content, assignments, and evaluations to develop a model Curriculum that follows an active learning-centered approach to course design. The proposed model curriculum is adaptable by both planning and public health departments to promote interdisciplinary learning. Results show that students gain planning and public health perspectives through this instruction, benefiting from active-learning opportunities. Faculty implementation of the proposed interdisciplinary model curriculum will help bridge the divide between the built environment and public health and enable both planners and public health professionals to value, create, and promote healthy environments. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(2S):S63-S71) (C) 2009 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Botchwey, Nisha D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Urban & Environm Planning, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Botchwey, Nisha D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ & Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hobson, Susan E.; Winkle, Curtis] Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, Chicago, IL USA. [Dannenberg, Andrew L.] Emory Univ, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mumford, Karen G.] Emory Univ, CDC, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Contant, Cheryl K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept City & Reg Planning Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McMillan, Tracy E.] PPH Partners, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Jackson, Richard J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lopez, Russell] Boston Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Botchwey, ND (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Urban & Environm Planning, Campbell Hall,POB 400122, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM nbotchwey@virginia.edu NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S63 EP S71 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 397RP UT WOS:000262680100012 PM 19147063 ER PT J AU Buchner, DM Schmid, T AF Buchner, David M. Schmid, Thomas TI Active Living Research and Public Health: Natural Partners in a New Field SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS C1 [Buchner, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Community Hlth, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Schmid, Thomas] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buchner, DM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Community Hlth, 129 Huff Hall,1206 S 4th St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dbuchner@illinois.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S44 EP S46 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.11.003 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 397RP UT WOS:000262680100005 PM 19147056 ER PT J AU Ottoson, JM Green, LW Beery, WL Senter, SK Cahill, CL Pearson, DC Greenwald, HP Hamre, R Leviton, L AF Ottoson, Judith M. Green, Lawrence W. Beery, William L. Senter, Sandra K. Cahill, Carol L. Pearson, David C. Greenwald, Howard P. Hamre, Robin Leviton, Laura TI Policy-Contribution Assessment and Field-Building Analysis of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Active Living Research Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSLATION AB Background: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation requested this utilization-focused evaluation of its Active Living Research (ALR) program. This evaluation reports on the trajectory of influence of past and future ALR outcomes on field-building and policy contributions as well as on possible users of completed and disseminated ALR products. Methods: In 2006 and 2007, key-informat interviews were conducted with 136 representatives of first-line potential users of ALR research products, including state physical activity and nutrition program coordinators, policymakers, scientists, and funders. Literature reviews, bibliometric analyses, and document reviews served to describe the context for ALR's work and the ways it could enhance its utility for field building and policymaking. Results: The contributions of ALR to the emerging transdisciplinary field included leadership in the development of measurement tools, epidemiologic studies, implementation research, the translation of research to practice, and the communication of learned lessons to diverse audiences. ALR's contributions to policy discussions were found across a spectrum of policy-development phases that included describing the problem, raising awareness of alternative strategies for increasing physical activity, convening nontraditional partners, and evaluating policy implementation. Conclusions: Policy-relevant research can make contributions to policymakers' thinking but almost never causes a change by itself. Five years after the original authorization of ALR, there is ample evidence of its recognition as a resource by key players, its field-building influence, and its contributions to policy discussions. All these bear promise for a broader contribution to obesity prevention. Recommendations for increasing ALR's impact on policy and practice are offered. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(2S):S34-S43) (C) 2009 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Ottoson, Judith M.] Independent Evaluat Consultant, San Francisco, CA 94127 USA. [Green, Lawrence W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Greenwald, Howard P.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Beery, William L.; Senter, Sandra K.; Cahill, Carol L.; Pearson, David C.] Grp Hlth Ctr Community Hlth & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. [Hamre, Robin] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Leviton, Laura] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ottoson, JM (reprint author), Independent Evaluat Consultant, 66 Santa Paula Ave, San Francisco, CA 94127 USA. EM jottoson@comcast.net FU CDC FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S34 EP S43 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.010 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 397RP UT WOS:000262680100004 PM 19147055 ER PT J AU Sallis, JF Linton, LS Kraft, MK Cutter, CL Kerr, J Weitzel, J Wilson, A Spoon, C Harrison, ID Cervero, R Patrick, K Schmid, TL Pratt, M AF Sallis, James F. Linton, Leslie S. Kraft, M. Katherine Cutter, Carmen L. Kerr, Jacqueline Weitzel, Julie Wilson, Amanda Spoon, Chad Harrison, Irvin D. Cervero, Robert Patrick, Kevin Schmid, Thomas L. Pratt, Michael TI The Active Living Research Program Six Years of Grantmaking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADULTS PARTICIPATION; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; COMMUNITIES; AGENDA; MAKERS; DESIGN AB Changes in policies and built environments are advocated as part of efforts to increase physical activity, but in 2001 the knowledge base to inform these changes was limited. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation addressed this deficit by initiating Active Living Research (ALR). The mission of ALR was to stimulate and support research that could guide the improvement of environments, policies, and practices to promote active living. The program's goals were to (1) build the evidence base about environmental and policy factors related to physical activity, (2) build the capacity of researchers in multiple fields to collaborate, and (3) inform and facilitate policy change. To build the evidence base, 121 grants were supported with $12.5 million. Efforts were made to support new investigators, fund investigators from numerous disciplines, and increase the demographic diversity of researchers. Activities to build capacity to conduct collaborative research included annual conferences, journal supplements, seminars for multiple disciplines, and the posting of environmental measures. Coordination with Active Living Leadership was a primary means of communicating research to policymakers. Other activities to facilitate the application of research included research summaries written for nonresearchers, collaborations with Active Living by Design, several components of the website (www.activelivingresearch.org), and using policy relevance as a funding criterion. Two independent evaluations were accomplished, and they concluded that ALR made progress on all three goals. ALR has been renewed through 2012. The new mission is to use a $15.4 million research budget to Contribute to reversing the childhood obesity epidemic, especially among youth in the highest-risk groups. (Am J Prev Med 2009;36(2S):S10-S21) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Sallis, James F.; Kerr, Jacqueline] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Sallis, James F.; Linton, Leslie S.; Cutter, Carmen L.; Kerr, Jacqueline; Weitzel, Julie; Wilson, Amanda; Spoon, Chad; Harrison, Irvin D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Act Living Res Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cervero, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept City & Reg Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kerr, Jacqueline; Patrick, Kevin] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Schmid, Thomas L.; Pratt, Michael] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sallis, JF (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, 3900 5th Ave,Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM sallis@mail.sdsu.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation FX The vision and support of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation are appreciated. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S10 EP S21 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.007 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 397RP UT WOS:000262680100002 PM 19147053 ER PT J AU Franzini, L Elliott, MN Cuccaro, P Schuster, M Gilliland, MJ Grunbaum, JA Franklin, F Tortolero, SR AF Franzini, Luisa Elliott, Marc N. Cuccaro, Paula Schuster, Mark Gilliland, M. Janice Grunbaum, Jo Anne Franklin, Frank Tortolero, Susan R. TI Influences of Physical and Social Neighborhood Environments on Children's Physical Activity and Obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; COLLECTIVE EFFICACY; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; MENTAL-HEALTH; OLDER-ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; WALKING AB Objectives. We investigated the association between physical and social neighborhood environments and fifth-grade students' physical activity and obesity. Methods. We collected data on 650 children and their primary caregivers during phase 1 of Healthy Passages, a multisite, community-based, cross-sectional study of health risk behaviors and health outcomes in children. We conducted independent systematic neighborhood observations to measure neighborhood physical characteristics, and we analyzed survey data on social processes. We modeled children's physical activity and obesity status with structural equation models that included latent variables for the physical and social environments. Results. After we controlled for children's sociodemographic factors, we found that a favorable social environment was positively associated with several measures of physical activity and that physical activity was negatively associated with obesity in these children. Physical environment was not significantly associated with physical activity. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that neighborhood social factors as well as the physical environment should be considered in the development of health policy and interventions to reduce childhood obesity. (Am J Public Health. 2009; 99:271-278. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.128702) C1 [Franzini, Luisa; Cuccaro, Paula; Tortolero, Susan R.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Elliott, Marc N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Elliott, Marc N.] RAND Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schuster, Mark] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Gilliland, M. Janice; Franklin, Frank] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Franzini, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Off E923,1200 Pressler Dr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Luisa.Franzini@uth.tmc.edu OI Cuccaro, Paula/0000-0002-9551-4789 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CCU409679, CCU609653, CCU915773] FX This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cooperative agreements CCU409679, CCU609653, and CCU915773). NR 73 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.128702 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 399JB UT WOS:000262795100016 PM 19059864 ER PT J AU Houle, B Holt, J Gillespie, C Freedman, DS Reyes, M AF Houle, Brian Holt, James Gillespie, Cathleen Freedman, David S. Reyes, Michele TI Use of Density-Equalizing Cartograms to Visualize Trends and Disparities in State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity: 1996-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; MAP PROJECTIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTIES; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Objectives. We used cartograms to visually communicate the state-specific prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic variables over time to benefit and inform decisions by national health policymakers who address geographic and social inequities in health. Methods. We generated density-equalizing maps, known as cartograms (in which geographic regions are sized in proportion to some variable), that illustrate indicators of population and educational attainment. We also provide an innovative presentation of the obesity choropleth map (which presents values for areas by shading). Results. The maps depict the absolute burden of obesity, the inverse association between obesity and education, and geographic patterns in the prevalence of obesity over time. Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to increase. These cartograms can help stakeholders interpret surveillance data and their relation to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics to inform decisions. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:308-312. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.138750) C1 [Houle, Brian; Holt, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun & Mkt, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gillespie, Cathleen; Freedman, David S.; Reyes, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Houle, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Sociol, 223D Condon Hall,Box 353340,1100 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bhoule@u.washington.edu OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055; Houle, Brian/0000-0003-2157-3118 FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007543-07, T32 HD007543] NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.138750 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 399JB UT WOS:000262795100021 PM 19059848 ER PT J AU Anderson, DJ Williams, DL Ballagh, SA Barnhart, K Creinin, MD Newman, DR Bowman, FP Politch, JA Duerr, AC Jamieson, DJ AF Anderson, Deborah J. Williams, D'Nyce L. Ballagh, Susan A. Barnhart, Kurt Creinin, Mitchell D. Newman, Daniel R. Bowman, Frederick P. Politch, Joseph A. Duerr, Ann C. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Safety Analysis of the Diaphragm in Combination with Lubricant or Acidifying Microbicide Gels: Effects on Markers of Inflammation and Innate Immunity in Cervicovaginal Fluid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytokines; diaphragm; Human immunodeficiency virus; inflammation; innate immunity; microbicides ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LEUKOCYTE PROTEASE INHIBITOR; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; HIV-INFECTED WOMEN; PHASE-I SAFETY; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; VAGINAL MICROBICIDE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; CYTOKINE LEVELS; POSITIVE WOMEN AB Diaphragms are being considered for use with vaginal microbicide gels to provide enhanced protection against sexually transmitted pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of a diaphragm with microbicide or placebo gel causes cervicovaginal inflammation or perturbations in cervicovaginal immune defense. Eighty-one non-pregnant women were randomized into three groups and instructed to use Milex((R)) (CooperSurgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA)diaphragms overnight for 14 days in combination with one of the two acid-buffering microbicide gels [ACIDFORM((TM)) (Instead Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) or BufferGel((TM)) (BG; ReProtect Inc., Baltimore, Maryland)] or placebo gel (K-Y Jelly((R)); Personal Products Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA). Cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were performed prior to study entry and on days 8 and 16. Nine soluble mediators of vaginal inflammation or immune defense were measured in CVLs by Bio-Plex or ELISA. Use of diaphragms with placebo or microbicide gel was not associated with increased levels of inflammation markers. Concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were markedly reduced in the BG group. Daily use of a diaphragm with placebo or acidifying microbicide gel did not cause cervicovaginal inflammation. However, diaphragm/BG use was associated with markedly reduced levels of SLPI, an important mediator of innate immune defense. Further studies are warranted to establish the safety of diaphragm/microbicide gel combinations. C1 [Anderson, Deborah J.; Bowman, Frederick P.; Politch, Joseph A.] Boston Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Williams, D'Nyce L.; Ballagh, Susan A.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, CONRAD Program, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Barnhart, Kurt] Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Creinin, Mitchell D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Creinin, Mitchell D.] Magee Womens Res Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Newman, Daniel R.; Duerr, Ann C.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, DJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med, 670 Albany St,Suite 516, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM deborah.anderson@BMC.org OI Politch, Joseph/0000-0002-7022-0135; Ballagh, Susan/0000-0001-9703-8520 FU CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School [MSA-04-385]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [HRN-A-00-98-00020-00]; NIH General Clinic Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh [MO1RR000056]; Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX Support for this sub-project (MSA-04-385) was provided by CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, under a Cooperative Agreement with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (HRN-A-00-98-00020-00) and, in part, by NIH General Clinic Research Center Grants MO1RR000056 at the University of Pittsburgh. USAID receives funds for AIDS research from an interagency agreement with the Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, CDC or CONRAD. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement of any product. None of the authors have financial, consultant, institutional or other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 61 IS 2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00670.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 394MV UT WOS:000262451700004 PM 19143675 ER PT J AU Miller, JW King, JB Ryerson, AB Eheman, CR White, MC AF Miller, Jacqueline W. King, Jessica B. Ryerson, A. Blythe Eheman, Christie R. White, Mary C. TI Mammography Use from 2000 to 2006: State-Level Trends with Corresponding Breast Cancer Incidence Rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer incidence; breast cancer screening; mammography; women's imaging ID UNITED-STATES; SOCIETY GUIDELINES; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; CARE; AGE AB OBJECTIVE. Although breast cancer incidence and mortality rates have declined, a significant number of women are affected by this disease each year. Mammography is currently the most effective way to detect breast cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable, but there have been reports of decreasing or stagnant mammography use in the United States. For this study, we investigated the trend in mammography use for each state in comparison with the corresponding breast cancer incidence trend. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006 to assess the percentage of women >= 40 years old who reported undergoing mammography within the past 2 years and data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to assess breast cancer incidence rates from 2000 through 2004, the latest year for which data were available at the time of the study. RESULTS. The majority of states had a decreasing tendency in mammography use from 2000 to 2006. Only one state had a statistically significant increase in reported mammography use, whereas two states had significant decreases. There was a correlation between breast cancer incidence rates and mammography use by states (r = 0.6), but no correlation between the time trends in breast cancer incidence rates and mammography use was observed. CONCLUSION. There was little statistically significant change in self-reported mammography use from 2000 to 2006. Continued monitoring of breast cancer screening practices and breast cancer incidence trends is important for targeting at-risk populations with effective interventions to improve breast cancer prevention and early detection. C1 [Miller, Jacqueline W.; Ryerson, A. Blythe; White, Mary C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [King, Jessica B.; Eheman, Christie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aci8@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 192 IS 2 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.2214/AJR.08.1757 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 396UZ UT WOS:000262618000008 PM 19155394 ER PT J AU Ntumngia, FB McHenry, AM Barnwell, JW Cole-Tobian, J King, CL Adams, JH AF Ntumngia, Francis B. McHenry, Amy M. Barnwell, John W. Cole-Tobian, Jennifer King, Christopher L. Adams, John H. TI Genetic Variation among Plasmodium vivax Isolates Adapted to Non-Human Primates and the Implication for Vaccine Development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DUFFY-BINDING-PROTEIN; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; BLOOD-GROUP; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; DIVERSIFYING SELECTION; MALARIA PARASITES; KNOWLESI MALARIA; STRUCTURAL BASIS; LIGAND DOMAIN; FALCIPARUM AB Plasniodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) is vital for parasite development, thereby making this molecule a good vaccine candidate. Preclinical development of a P vivax vaccine often involves use of primate models prior to testing efficacy in humans, but primate isolates are poorly characterized. We analyzed the complete gene coding for the DBP in several P vivax isolates that are used for experimental primate infections and compared these sequences with the Salvador I DBP isolate, which is being used for vaccine development. Our results affirm that primate-adapted isolates are genetically similar to P vivax circulating in humans, but variability is greatest in the putative target of protective antibodies. In addition, some P vivax isolates contain multiple genetically different clones. Testing a DBP vaccine may therefore be complicated by heterogeneity and diversity of the P vivax isolates available for in vivo challenge. C1 [Ntumngia, Francis B.; Adams, John H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [McHenry, Amy M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cole-Tobian, Jennifer; King, Christopher L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Cole-Tobian, Jennifer; King, Christopher L.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Adams, JH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Global 3720 Spectrum Blvd,Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM jadams3@health.usf.edu RI Adams, John/G-1800-2015 OI Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 A106447801AI] FX Financial support: This study was supported by grant R01 A106447801AI from the National Institutes of Health. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 406RG UT WOS:000263312000013 PM 19190217 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Strobert, E Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Strobert, Elizabeth Galland, G. Gate Williams, Allison Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Barnwell, John W. TI Studies on the Salvador I Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Non-human Primates and Anopheline Mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; VACCINE CANDIDATES PVS25; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; MALARIA VACCINE; SURFACE PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT; TRANSMISSION AB A review is presented on studies conducted in New World monkeys and chimpanzees with the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax. This isolate has been adapted to Aotus and Saimiri (squirrel) monkeys and developed as a model for the testing of antimalarial vaccines. After the injection of 10,000 sporozoites, the median prepatent period in S. boliviensis monkeys was 21.5 days. In 103 sporozoite-induced infections in splenectomized monkeys, the median maximum parasite count ranged from 2,139 to 202,368/mu L, with a median maximum parasite count of 48,174/mu L. Median maximum parasite counts in Aotus lemitrinus griseimembra, A. nancymaae, A. azarae boliviensis, and A. vociferans monkeys were 19,902, 1873907 21,420, and 18,210/mu L, respectively and ranged from 124 to 156,000/mu L. Mosquito infections were readily obtained in different species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The S boliviensis monkey and Salvador I strain seems suitable for the testing of sporozoite and liver stage vaccines but not for blood-stage vaccines against P vivax unless adapted further in spleen-intact Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. C1 [Collins, William E.; Sullivan, Joann S.; Nace, Douglas; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Williams, Allison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Galland, G. Gate] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Geog Med & Hlth Promot Branch, Natl Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Strobert, Elizabeth] Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Williams, Tyrone] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov FU US Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [936-3100-AA6-P-00-0006-07] FX Financial support: This study was supported in part by an Interagency Agreement 936-3100-AA6-P-00-0006-07 between the US Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 406RG UT WOS:000263312000014 PM 19190218 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Shah, J Li, O Gilman, RH Harris, N Moro, MH AF Moro, Pedro L. Shah, Jyotsna Li, Olga Gilman, Robert H. Harris, Nick Moro, Manuel H. TI Short Report: Serologic Evidence of Human Ehrlichiosis in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; SPOTTED-FEVER; CANIS; VENEZUELA; CHAFFEENSIS AB A serosurvey for human ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum was performed in different regions of Peru by using indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs). Regions included an urban community in a shantytown in Lima (Pampas) and three rural communities located on the northern coast of Peru (Cura Mori), in the southern Peruvian Andes (Cochapata), and in the Peruvian jungle region (Santo Tomas). An overall E. chaffeensis seroprevalence of 13% (21 of 160) was found by IFA. Seroprevalences in females and males was 15% (16 of 106) and 9% (5 of 53), respectively. Seroprevalences in Cura Mori, Cochapata, Pampas, and Santo Tomas were 25% (10 of 40), 23% (9 of 40), 3% (1 of 40), and 3% (1 of 40), respectively. Seroprevalences in Cura Mori and Cochapata were significantly higher than in Santo Tomas or Pampas (P < 0.01). No sera were reactive to A. phagocytophilum. These findings suggest that human infection with E. chaffeensis occurs in Peru. Further studies are needed to characterize Ehrlichia species in Peru, their vectors and their clinical significance. C1 [Moro, Pedro L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harris, Nick] IGeneX Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Li, Olga] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med Vet, Laba Patol Clin, Lima 14, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Moro, Manuel H.] NIH, Div Comparat Med, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Moro, MH (reprint author), NIH, Div Comparat Med, Natl Ctr Res Resources, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pmoro@cdc.gov; jyotsna@aol.com; Olgalie@hotmail.com; rgilman@jhsph.edu; nharris@aol.com; manuel.moro@nih.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 242 EP 244 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 406RG UT WOS:000263312000017 PM 19190221 ER PT J AU Meade, JC de Mestral, J Stiles, JK Secor, WE Finley, RW Cleary, JD Lushbaugh, WB AF Meade, John C. de Mestral, Jacqueline Stiles, Jonathan K. Secor, W. Evan Finley, Richard W. Cleary, John D. Lushbaugh, William B. TI Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; PARASITIC PROTOZOA; INFECTION; METRONIDAZOLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRYPANOSOMA; POPULATION; LEISHMANIA; PLASMODIUM; PREVALENCE AB Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a multilocus heat-inducible cytoplasmic heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) hybridization probe with EcoRI-digested genomic DNA was used in molecular typing of 129 Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. Results indicate that Trichomonas organisms exhibit considerable polymorphism in their Hsp70 RFLP patterns. Analysis of seven American Type Culture Collection reference strains and 122 clinical isolates, including 84 isolates from Jackson, Mississippi, 18 isolates from Atlanta, Georgia, and 20 isolates from throughout the United States, showed 105 distinct Hsp70 RFLP pattern subtypes for Trichomonas. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp70 RFLP data showed that the T vaginalis isolates were organized into two clonal lineages. These results illustrate the substantial genomic diversity present in T vaginalis and indicate that a large number of genetically distinct Trichomonas isolates may be responsible for human trichomoniasis in the United States. C1 [Meade, John C.; Lushbaugh, William B.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [de Mestral, Jacqueline] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Stiles, Jonathan K.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Finley, Richard W.; Cleary, John D.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Meade, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmeade@microbio.umsmed.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [R21 TW006804, R21 TW006804-01, R21 TW006804-02, R21 TW006804-02S1] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 406RG UT WOS:000263312000018 PM 19190222 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Yockey, B Young, J Reese, SM Piesman, J Schriefer, ME Ben Beard, C Petersen, JM AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Yockey, Brook Young, John Reese, Sara M. Piesman, Joseph Schriefer, Martin E. Ben Beard, C. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Short Report: Time Course of Hematogenous Dissemination of Francisella tularensis A1, A2, and Type B in Laboratory Mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LIVE VACCINE STRAIN; UNITED-STATES; TULAREMIA; TICK; AEROSOL; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; PATHOGEN AB Tularemia is a tick-borne zoonotic bacterial disease. In the United States, human tularemia infections are caused by Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (Type A, clades A1 and A2) or F tularensis subspecies holarctica (Type B). We developed a mouse model that can be used to study the ability of ticks to acquire and transmit fully virulent strains of F tularensis (A1, A2, and Type B). We showed that 1) bacteremia was evident by 2 days post-infection (dpi) for A1, A2, and B, 2) bacteremia was expected to reach levels of > 10(8) cfu/mL by 3 dpi for A1 and A2 but not until 4 dpi for Type B, and 3) illness onset was delayed for mice exposed to Type B compared with A1 and A2. To maximize the likelihood of ticks acquiring infection from laboratory-infected mice before they become moribund and must be euthanized, ticks should be placed on mice so that periods of rapid engorgement occur 3-4 dpi for A I and A2 and 4-5 dpi for Type B. Rigorous experimental studies of tick vector competence and efficiency conducted under standardized conditions are required to address several significant public health issues related to preventing and controlling tularemia. Our study provides the basis for a mouse model needed as the starting point to address these questions. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Yockey, Brook; Young, John; Reese, Sara M.; Piesman, Joseph; Schriefer, Martin E.; Ben Beard, C.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] CDC, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), CDC, DVBID, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 406RG UT WOS:000263312000020 PM 19190224 ER PT J AU Verdon, CP Caldwell, KL Fresquez, MR Jones, RL AF Verdon, Carl P. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Fresquez, Mark R. Jones, Robert L. TI Determination of seven arsenic compounds in urine by HPLC-ICP-DRC-MS: a CDC population biomonitoring method SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Speciation; High-performance liquid chromatography; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Urine; Biomonitoring ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; IN-GROUND WATER; DRINKING-WATER; SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; BLADDER-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE AB A robust analytical method has been developed and validated by use of high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with Dynamic Reaction Cell T (DRC) technology that separates seven arsenic (As) species in human urine: arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)), monomethylarsonate, and dimethylarsinate. A polymeric anion-exchange (Hamilton PRP (R) X-100) column was used for separation of the species that were detected at m/z 75 by ICP-DRC- MS (PerkinElmer (TM) SCIEX (R) ELAN DRCII (TM)) using 10% hydrogen-90% argon as the DRC gas. The internal standard (As) is added postcolumn via an external injector with a sample loop. All analyte peaks were baseline-separated except AB and TMAO. Analytical method limits of detection for the various species ranged from 0.4 to 1.7 mu g L(-1) as elemental As. As (III) conversion to As(V) was avoided by adjusting the urine sample to < pH 6. Analyses of the National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material (SRM) 2670 and 2670a elevated and National Institute for Environmental Studies certified reference material (CRM) no. 18 for arsenic species yielded results within the certified SRM-CRM limits for As species; likewise, the sum of all species compared favorably to SRM 2670 and 2670a target values for total As. This As speciation method is now being used in a production mode for the analysis of a US population survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as well as for other biomonitoring studies of As exposure. This method meets our requirement for sample throughput of 2,000-3,000 sample analyses per year. C1 [Verdon, Carl P.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fresquez, Mark R.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Verdon, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cverdon@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 393 IS 3 BP 939 EP 947 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2537-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 399UR UT WOS:000262825300014 PM 19082583 ER PT J AU Mcgee, L Biek, D Ge, YG Klugman, M du Plessis, M Smith, AM Beall, B Whitney, CG Klugman, KP AF Mcgee, Lesley Biek, Donald Ge, Yigong Klugman, Magderie du Plessis, Mignon Smith, Anthony M. Beall, Bernard Whitney, Cynthia G. Klugman, Keith P. TI In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftaroline against Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; HIGH-LEVEL PENICILLIN; UNITED-STATES; 3RD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CELL-WALL; GENES; SPECTRUM; STRAINS; 1A AB Increasing pneumococcal resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins warrants the search for novel agents with activity against such resistant strains. Ceftaroline, a parenteral cephalosporin currently in phase 3 clinical development, has demonstrated potent in vitro activity against resistant gram-positive organisms, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, the activity of ceftaroline was evaluated against highly cefotaxime-resistant isolates of pneumococci from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and against laboratory-derived cephalosporin-resistant mutants of S. pneumoniae. The MICs of ceftaroline and comparators were determined by broth microdilution. In total, 120 U. S. isolates of cefotaxime-resistant (MIC >= 4 mu g /ml) S. pneumoniae were tested along with 18 laboratory-derived R6 strains with known penicillin-binding protein (PBP) mutations. Clinical isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing, and the DNAs of selected isolates were sequenced to identify mutations affecting pbp genes. Ceftaroline (MIC(90) = 0.5 mu g /ml) had greater in vitro activity than penicillin, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone (MIC(90) = 8 mu g /ml for all comparators) against the set of highly cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. Ceftaroline was also more active against the defined R6 PBP mutant strains, which suggests that ceftaroline can overcome common mechanisms of PBP-mediated cephalosporin resistance. These data indicate that ceftaroline has significant potency against S. pneumoniae strains resistant to existing parenteral cephalosporins and support its continued development for the treatment of infections caused by resistant S. pneumoniae strains. C1 [Mcgee, Lesley] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Biek, Donald; Ge, Yigong] Cerexa Inc, Alameda, CA USA. [du Plessis, Mignon; Smith, Anthony M.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Mcgee, Lesley; Beall, Bernard; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mcgee, L (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lmcgee@sph.emory.edu OI du Plessis, Mignon/0000-0001-9186-0679 FU Wellcome Trust; Forest Laboratories, Inc FX Funding for this study and for editorial assistance was provided by Forest Laboratories, Inc. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1128/AAC.01324-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 397EY UT WOS:000262646500025 PM 19015339 ER PT J AU Navon-Venezia, S Leavitt, A Schwaber, MJ Rasheed, JK Srinivasan, A Patel, JB Carmeli, Y AF Navon-Venezia, Shiri Leavitt, Azita Schwaber, Mitchell J. Rasheed, J. Kamile Srinivasan, Arjun Patel, Jean B. Carmeli, Yehuda CA Israeli KPC Kpn Study Grp TI First Report on a Hyperepidemic Clone of KPC-3-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israel Genetically Related to a Strain Causing Outbreaks in the United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE; NEW-YORK-CITY; MEDICAL-CENTER; KPC-2; ISOLATE; ACQUISITION; EMERGENCE; GENE AB A highly epidemic carbapenem-resistant clone of KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae emerged in Israel in 2006, causing a nationwide outbreak. This clone was genetically related to outbreak strains from the United States isolated in 2000 but differed in KPC-carrying plasmids. The threat of the global spread of hyperepidemic, extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains should be recognized and confronted. C1 [Navon-Venezia, Shiri; Leavitt, Azita; Schwaber, Mitchell J.; Carmeli, Yehuda] Sackler Fac Med, Div Epidemiol, Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Rasheed, J. Kamile; Srinivasan, Arjun; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navon-Venezia, S (reprint author), Sackler Fac Med, Div Epidemiol, Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, 6 Weizmann St, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM shiri_nv@tasmc.health.gov.il FU Public Committee for the Designation of Estate Funds Ministry of Justice State of Israel FX We thank Keren Strauss-Robinson for her technical assistance. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Public Committee for the Designation of Estate Funds Ministry of Justice State of Israel. NR 17 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 818 EP 820 DI 10.1128/AAC.00987-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 397EY UT WOS:000262646500068 PM 19029323 ER PT J AU Li, Z Sjodin, A Porter, EN Patterson, DG Needham, LL Lee, S Russell, AG Mulholland, JA AF Li, Zheng Sjodin, Andreas Porter, Erin N. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Needham, Larry L. Lee, Sangil Russell, Armistead G. Mulholland, James A. TI Characterization of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlanta SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH; Ambient levels; seasonal variation; Site variation ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT AIR; WOOD COMBUSTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; RURAL SITES; PARTICLE; URBAN; PAHS; CITY; MORTALITY AB Twenty-four hour PM2.5 samples from a rural site, an urban site, and a suburban site (next to a major highway) in the metropolitan Atlanta area in December 2003 and June 2004 were analyzed for 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Extraction of the air samples was conducted using an accelerated solvent extraction method followed by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination. Distinct seasonal variations were observed in total PAH concentration (i.e. significantly higher concentrations in December than in June). Mean concentrations for total particulate PAHs in December were 3.16, 4.13, and 3.40 ng m(3) for the urban, suburban and rural sites, respectively, compared with 0.60, 0.74, and 0.24 ng m3 in June. Overall, the suburban site, which is impacted by a nearby major highway, had higher PAH concentration than did the urban site. Total PAH concentrations were found to be well correlated with PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in both months (r(2) - 0.36-0.78, p < 0.05), although the slopes from the two months were different. PAHs represented on average 0.006% of total PM2.5 mass and 0.017% of OC in June, compared with 0.033% of total PM2.5 and 0.14% of OC in December. Total PAH concentrations were also correlated with potassium ion (r(2) - 0.39, p - 0.014) in December, but not in June, Suggesting that in winter biomass burning can potentially be an important source for particulate PAH. Retene was found at a higher median air concentration at the rural site than at the urban and suburban sites-unlike the rest of the PAHs, which were found at lower levels at the rural site. Retene also had a larger seasonal difference and had the weakest correlation with the rest of the PAHs measured, suggesting that retene, in particular, might be associated with biomass burning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Zheng; Sjodin, Andreas; Porter, Erin N.; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Li, Zheng; Russell, Armistead G.; Mulholland, James A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Environm & Civil Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lee, Sangil] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Qual Life, Measurement Support Ctr, Taejon 305340, South Korea. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZhengJLi@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 SI SI BP 1043 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 408HO UT WOS:000263426300009 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Strickland, MJ Olshan, AF Werler, MM Correa, A AF Gilboa, Suzanne M. Strickland, Matthew J. Olshan, Andrew F. Werler, Martha M. Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Use of Antihistamine Medications during Early Pregnancy and Isolated Major Malformations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE antihistamine; Bayesian methods; birth defects; H1 blockers; pregnancy ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; PYLORIC-STENOSIS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; BENDECTIN USE; EXPOSURE; RISK; DRUGS; METAANALYSIS; LORATADINE AB BACKGROUND: Antihistamines are commonly used during pregnancy. There is little evidence that they have teratogenic effects, but there are knowledge gaps with respect to newer products, as well as the relationship between specific antihistamines and specific birth defects. METHODS: Using the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2003), the authors examined associations between maternal use of 14 antihistamines during early pregnancy and 26 isolated major birth defects. A Bayesian analysis incorporating prior knowledge about the relationships between antihistamines, birth defects, and measured covariates was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 364 associations investigated, 24 had 95% posterior intervals excluding 1.0. All 24 associations were positive; 23 associations were of weak to moderate magnitude (posterior OR < 3.0) and one was strong (OR > 6.0) but very imprecise. Of the 24 associations, 20 were with noncardiac defects. Eight associations involved the antihistamine diphenhydramine. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study generally were consistent with no association between birth defects and antihistamine use during early pregnancy. Several of the findings might warrant further investigation, although the observed elevated associations should be interpreted in the context of the number of associations investigated and the analysis of retrospective, self-reported data. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:137-150, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Strickland, Matthew J.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Werler, Martha M.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Gilboa, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD050924]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 10126, P30 ES010126] NR 46 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 85 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1002/bdra.20513 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 414WK UT WOS:000263895700006 PM 19161158 ER PT J AU Lobelo, F Duperly, J Frank, E AF Lobelo, F. Duperly, J. Frank, E. TI Physical activity habits of doctors and medical students influence their counselling practices SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; HEALTH PROMOTION; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; EXERCISE PROMOTION; DISEASE PREVENTION; WOMEN PHYSICIANS; GENERAL-PRACTICE; SPORTS-MEDICINE AB Doctors are well positioned to provide physical activity (PA) counselling to patients. They are a respected source of health-related information and can provide continuing preventive counselling feedback and follow-up; they may have ethical obligations to prescribe PA. Several barriers to PA counselling exist, including insufficient training and motivation of doctors and improvable, personal PA habits. Rates of exercise counselling by doctors remain low; only 34% of US adults report exercise counselling at their last medical visit. In view of this gap, one of the US health objectives for 2010 is increasing the proportion of patients appropriately counselled about health behaviours, including exercise/PA. Research shows that clinical providers who themselves act on the advice they give provide better counselling and motivation of their patients to adopt such health advice. In summary, there is compelling evidence that the health of doctors matters and that doctors' own PA practices influence their clinical attitudes towards PA. Medical schools need to increase the proportion of students adopting and maintaining regular PA habits to increase the rates and quality of future PA counselling delivered by doctors. C1 [Lobelo, F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lobelo, F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Duperly, J.] Univ Los Andes, Sch Med, Bogota, Colombia. [Duperly, J.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Internal Med, Fdn Santafe, Bogota, Colombia. [Frank, E.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Frank, E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Lobelo, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 4770 Bufford Highway Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hgn0@cdc.gov RI lobelo, felipe/B-9148-2013; OI Lobelo, Felipe/0000-0003-4185-7193 NR 67 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 21 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-3674 J9 BRIT J SPORT MED JI Br. J. Sports Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1136/bjsm.2008.055426 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 404UH UT WOS:000263178000006 PM 19019898 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Nandy, R Hickman, CJ Langidrik, JR Strebel, PM Papania, MJ Seward, JF Bellini, WJ AF Hyde, Terri B. Nandy, Robin Hickman, Carole J. Langidrik, Justina R. Strebel, Peter M. Papania, Mark J. Seward, Jane F. Bellini, William J. TI Laboratory confirmation of measles in elimination settings: experience from the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2003 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; RECALL AB Objective To highlight the complications involved in interpreting laboratory tests of measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) for confirmation of infection during a measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated population after conducting a mass immunization campaign as a control measure. Methods This case study was undertaken in the Republic of the Marshall Islands during a measles outbreak in 2003, when response immunization was conducted. A measles case was defined as fever and rash and one or more of cough, coryza or conjunctivitis. Between 13 July and 7 November 2003, serum samples were obtained from suspected measles cases for serologic testing and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for viral isolation by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Findings Specimens were collected from 201 suspected measles cases (19% of total): of the ones that satisfied the clinical case definition, 45% were IgM positive (IgM+) and, of these, 24% had received measles vaccination within the previous 45 days (up to 45 days after vaccination an IgM+ result could be due to either vaccination or wild-type measles infection). The proportion of IgM+ results varied with clinical presentation, the timing of specimen collection and vaccination status. Positive results on RT-PCR occurred in specimens from eight IgM-negative and four IgM+ individuals who had recently been vaccinated. Conclusion During measles outbreaks, limiting IgM testing to individuals who meet the clinical case definition and have not been recently vaccinated allows for measles to be confirmed while conserving resources. C1 [Hyde, Terri B.; Nandy, Robin; Strebel, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nandy, Robin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hickman, Carole J.; Papania, Mark J.; Seward, Jane F.; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Langidrik, Justina R.] Minist Hlth, Majuro, Marshall Island. RP Hyde, TB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thyde@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.2471/BLT.07.045484 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405CD UT WOS:000263198800009 PM 19274360 ER PT J AU Walter, ND Lyimo, T Skarbinski, J Metta, E Kahigwa, E Flannery, B Dowell, SF Abdulla, S Kachur, SP AF Walter, Nicholas D. Lyimo, Thomas Skarbinski, Jacek Metta, Emmy Kahigwa, Elizeus Flannery, Brendan Dowell, Scott F. Abdulla, Salim Kachur, S. Patrick TI Why first-level health workers fail to follow guidelines for managing severe disease in children in the Coast Region, the United Republic of Tanzania SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD ILLNESS IMCI; LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; FEBRILE ILLNESS; FACILITIES; MALARIA; QUALITY; CARE; PERFORMANCE; PNEUMONIA AB Objective To determine why health workers fail to follow integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines for severely ill children at first-level outpatient health facilities in rural areas of the United Republic of Tanzania. Methods Retrospective and prospective case reviews of severely ill children aged <5 years were conducted at health facilities in four districts. We ascertained treatment and examined the characteristics associated with referral, conducted follow-up interviews with parents of severely ill children, and gave health workers questionnaires and interviews. Findings In total, 502 cases were reviewed at 62 facilities. Treatment with antimalarials and antibiotics was consistent with the diagnosis given by health workers. However, of 240 children classified as having "very severe febrile disease", none received all IMCI-recommended therapies, and only 25% of severely ill children were referred, Lethargy and anaemia diagnoses were independently associated with referral. Most (91%) health workers indicated that certain severe conditions can be managed without referral. Conclusion The health workers surveyed rarely adhered to IMCI treatment and referral guidelines for children with severe illness. They administered therapy based on narrow diagnoses rather than IMCI classifications, disagreed with referral guidelines and often considered referral unnecessary. To improve implementation of IMCI, attention should focus on the reasons for health worker non-adherence. C1 [Walter, Nicholas D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lyimo, Thomas; Metta, Emmy; Kahigwa, Elizeus; Abdulla, Salim] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Skarbinski, Jacek; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Flannery, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dowell, Scott F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walter, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nwalter@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.2471/BLT.08.050740 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405CD UT WOS:000263198800010 PM 19274361 ER PT J AU Hughes, J Cates, JR Liddon, N Smith, JS Gottlieb, SL Brewer, NT AF Hughes, Jessica Cates, Joan R. Liddon, Nicole Smith, Jennifer S. Gottlieb, Sami L. Brewer, Noel T. TI Disparities in How Parents Are Learning about the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; HPV VACCINE; HEALTH INFORMATION; PARTICLE VACCINE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SOCIAL NETWORKS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-WOMEN; KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNICATION AB Background: Differential access to basic health information may contribute to persistent cervical cancer disparities. We examined whether human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine awareness, HPV knowledge, and use of information sources about the vaccine differ by sociodemographic characteristics associated with cervical cancer. Methods: Study participants (n = 889) were caregivers of adolescent girls ages 10 to 18 years living in southeastern North Carolina. Analyses simultaneously controlled for caregivers' gender, race, age, education, income, and rural residence. Results: Although most caregivers were aware of HPV (83%) and the HPV vaccine (82%), awareness differed by gender, race, education, and income. The largest differences were for race, with 87% of Whites versus 68% of African Americans having heard of the vaccine (P < 0.001). Caregivers correctly answered an average of 69% of questions on HPV, with differences by race and education. Most respondents heard of the HPV vaccine through drug company advertisements (83%) or broadcast media coverage (69%). African Americans were less likely than Whites to have heard about the vaccine from advertisements but more likely from a broadcast source (P < 0.05). Health care providers (88%) and the internet (65%) were the most favored sources for future information about the vaccine. Vaccine uptake was associated with awareness, knowledge, and media use. Discussion: Whereas drug company advertisements seem to play a central role in high HPV vaccine awareness, doctors and the internet are the preferred future "go to" sources for seeking out information. Communication-based interventions for caregivers from cervical cancer risk groups, especially African Americans, may need to use different communication channels and content. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):363-72) C1 [Brewer, Noel T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Cates, Joan R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Journalism & Mass Commun, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Liddon, Nicole; Gottlieb, Sami L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brewer, NT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM ntb1@unc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [S3715-25/25]; American Cancer Society [MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB] FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (S3715-25/25) and the American Cancer Society (MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB). NR 55 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0418 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410AS UT WOS:000263547800001 PM 19190161 ER PT J AU Seaman, V Jumaan, A Yanni, E Lewis, B Neyer, J Roda, P Xu, MJ Hoffman, R AF Seaman, Vincent Jumaan, Aisha Yanni, Emad Lewis, Brian Neyer, Jonathan Roda, Paul Xu, Mingjiang Hoffman, Ronald TI Use of Molecular Testing to Identify a Cluster of Patients with Polycythemia Vera in Eastern Pennsylvania SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA; MYELOID METAPLASIA; OLMSTED COUNTY; JAK2; MUTATION; MYELOFIBROSIS AB Background: The role of the environment in the origin of polycythemia vera has not been well documented. Recently, molecular diagnostic tools have been developed to facilitate the diagnosis of polycythemia vera. A cluster of patients with polycythemia vera was suspected in three countries in eastern Pennsylvania where there have long been a concern about environment hazards. Methods: Rigorous clinical criteria and JAK2 617V > F testing were used to confirm the diagnosis of polycythemia vera in patients in this area. Participants included cases of polycythemia vera from the 2001 to 2005 state cancer registry as well as self- and physician-referred cases. Finding: A diagnosis of polycythemia vera was confirmed in 53% of 62 participants using WHO criteria, which includes JAK2 617V > F testing. A statistically significant cluster of cases (P < 0.001) was identified where the incidence of polycythemia vera was 4.3 times that of the rest of the study area. The area of the cluster contained numerous sources of hazardous material including waste-coal power plants and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund sites. Interpretation: The diagnosis of polycythemia vera based solely on clinical criteria is frequently erroneous, suggesting that our prior knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease might be inaccurate. The JAK2 617V > F mutational analysis provides diagnostic clarity and permitted the confirmation of a cluster of polycythemia vera cases not identified by traditional clinical and pathologic diagnostic criteria. The close proximity of this cluster to known areas of hazardous material exposure raises concern that such environmental factors might play a role in the origin of polycythemia vera. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):534-40) C1 [Xu, Mingjiang; Hoffman, Ronald] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Tisch Canc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Xu, Mingjiang; Hoffman, Ronald] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Seaman, Vincent; Jumaan, Aisha; Yanni, Emad; Lewis, Brian; Neyer, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roda, Paul] Geisinger Hazleton Canc Ctr, Hazleton, PA USA. [Xu, Mingjiang; Hoffman, Ronald] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Tisch Canc Inst, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1079, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Ronald.hoffman@mssm.edu FU Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;; Myeloproliferative Disorders Foundation; National Cancer Institute [P01-CA108671] FX Grant support: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Myeloproliferative Disorders Foundation; and National Cancer Institute grant P01-CA108671. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 534 EP 540 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0922 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410AS UT WOS:000263547800021 PM 19190168 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Miller, DB McCanlies, EC Cawthon, RM Andrew, ME DeRoo, LA Sandler, DP AF Parks, Christine G. Miller, Diane B. McCanlies, Erin C. Cawthon, Richard M. Andrew, Michael E. DeRoo, Lisa A. Sandler, Dale P. TI Telomere Length, Current Perceived Stress, and Urinary Stress Hormones in Women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CORTISOL; RISK; DISEASE; CANCER; BLOOD; AGE; INITIATION; MORTALITY; RESPONSES AB Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences that cap and protect the ends of chromosomes; critically short telomeres may lead to cellular senescence or carcinogenic transformation. Previous findings suggest a link between psychosocial stress, shorter telomeres, and chronic disease risk. This cross-sectional study examined relative telomere length in relation to perceived stress and urinary stress hormones in a sample of participants (n = 647) in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Sister Study, a cohort of women ages 35 to 74 years who have a sister with breast cancer. Average leukocyte telomere length was determined by quantitative PCR. Current stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and creatinine-adjusted neuroendocrine hormones in first morning urines. Linear regression models estimated differences in telomere length base pairs (bp) associated with stress measures adjusted for age, race, smoking, and obesity. Women with higher perceived stress had somewhat shorter telomeres [adjusted difference of -129bp for being at or above moderate stress levels; 95% confidence interval (CI), -292 to 33], but telomere length did not decrease monotonically with higher stress levels. Shorter telomeres were independently associated with increasing age (-27bp/year), obesity, and current smoking. Significant stress-related differences in telomere length were seen in women ages 55 years and older (-289bp; 95% Cl, -519 to -59), those with recent major losses (-420bp; 95% Cl, -814 to -27), and those with above-average urinary catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine: -484bp; 95% Cl, -709 to -259). Although current perceived stress was only modestly associated with shorter telomeres in this broad sample of women, our findings suggest the effect of stress on telomere length may vary depending on neuroendocrine responsiveness, external stressors, and age. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):551-60) C1 [Parks, Christine G.; DeRoo, Lisa A.; Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. [McCanlies, Erin C.; Andrew, Michael E.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Cawthon, Richard M.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. EM Parks1@mail.nih.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NIH; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES04400509]; Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Concept Award [BC045286] FX Grant support: NIH, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES04400509), and by Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Concept Award (BC045286). NR 39 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0614 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410AS UT WOS:000263547800023 PM 19190150 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Needham, LL Rubin, C Turner, WE Martin, CA Patterson, DG Hasty, L Wong, LY Marcus, M AF Niskar, Amanda S. Needham, Larry L. Rubin, Carol Turner, Wayman E. Martin, Colleen A. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Hasty, Lisa Wong, Lee-Yang Marcus, Michele TI Serum dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and endometriosis: A case-control study in Atlanta SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruptors; Environmental exposure; Epidemiology; Organochlorine compounds; Women's health ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; RISK; CHEMICALS; TCDD; LINK; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PROMOTION AB Endometriosis among women of reproductive age can result in pain and infertility. The objectives of this study were to test if there is a relation between endo metriosis and serum dioxin concentrations as expressed by total toxic equivalence and serum total poly chlorinated biphenyl concentrations among women patients at one Atlanta reproductive medicine clinic during 1998-1999; a secondary objective was to pro vide exposure data for individual congeners of these chemicals and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE)in women in Atlanta. Laparoscopy including biopsy and visualization of the peritonealcavity, ovaries, outside of the fallopian tubes and uterus con firmed all endo metriosis cases (n = 60) and con firmed 30 controls with out endo metriosis. Other controls had an infertile partner (n = 27) or ovulation problems (n = 7) with no signs or symptoms of endo metriosis. All serum samples were analyzed at the U.S.Centers for Disease Con trol and Prevention in 2003. Statistical analyses included Fisher's exact chi-square tests and logistic regression. Models were presented for the full study sample and for the sub set that included all cases (n = 60) and only controls (n = 30) with surgical confirmation of disease-free status. Serum concentrations (lipid-adjusted and non lipid-adjusted) of analyzed expo sure measures were low and similar for cases and controls and did not explain endo metriosis in the study population. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Niskar, Amanda S.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Niskar, Amanda S.; Rubin, Carol; Martin, Colleen A.; Marcus, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hasty, Lisa] Atlanta Ctr Reprod Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Sackler Bldg,POB 39040, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM asniskar@gmail.com RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2009 VL 74 IS 7 BP 944 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418XE UT WOS:000264182400011 PM 19027927 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Caudill, SP Vesper, HW Monsell, EA Miller, WG Rej, R Rifai, N Dati, F Myers, GL AF Kimberly, Mary M. Caudill, Samuel P. Vesper, Hubert W. Monsell, Elizabeth A. Miller, W. Greg Rej, Robert Rifai, Nader Dati, Francesco Myers, Gary L. TI Standardization of High-Sensitivity Immunoassays for Measurement of C-Reactive Protein; II: Two Approaches for Assessing Commutability of a Reference Material SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUITABILITY AB BACKGROUND: We evaluated the commutability of a proposed reference material (PRM), with a formulation based on dilution of Certified Reference Material 470 (CRM470), for 24 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) methods. We also investigated whether calibration by use of PRM was effective in harmonizing results. METHODS: A set of 40 native clinical samples was measured along with PRM and 3 dilutions of PRM. We used weighted least-squares polynomial regression (WLS/PR) to perform comparisons between all method combinations and to calculate normalized residuals for the PRM. The PRM was considered noncommutable if any of the normalized residuals for a method pair was >2. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to explore the multidimensional relationships between methods and samples to evaluate if the PRM had properties similar to native clinical samples. Clinical sample results from the methods for which PRM was commutable were recalibrated based on the PRM results, and ANOVA was used to estimate the CVs before and after recalibration. RESULTS: After omitting data for 9 methods because of poor precision or procedural flaws, we used data from the 15 remaining methods to evaluate commutability. Using both WLS/PR and CA we found that PRM was noncommutable with I method. We found modest improvement in total and among-method CVs when PRM was used to harmonize the results from the 14 methods for which it was commutable. CONCLUSIONS: A PRM with a formulation based on dilution of CRM470 was commutable with native clinical samples for 14 of 15 hsCRP methods that had acceptable precision. For those methods the use of PRM may contribute to improved harmonization of results for native clinical samples. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Kimberly, Mary M.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Vesper, Hubert W.; Monsell, Elizabeth A.; Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Miller, W. Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Hosp, Coll Med, Richmond, VA USA. [Rej, Robert] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Rifai, Nader] Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rifai, Nader] Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rifai, Nader] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Dati, Francesco] IVD Consulting, Marburg, Germany. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkimberly@cdc.gov OI Rej, Robert/0000-0001-9578-5856 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.115907 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 401ED UT WOS:000262921300018 PM 19074518 ER PT J AU Myers, GL Christenson, RHM Cushman, M Ballantyne, CM Cooper, GR Pfeiffer, CM Grundy, SM Labarthe, DR Levy, D Rifai, N Wilson, PWF AF Myers, Gary L. Christenson, Robert H. M. Cushman, Mary Ballantyne, Christie M. Cooper, Gerald R. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Grundy, Scott M. Labarthe, Darwin R. Levy, Daniel Rifai, Nader Wilson, Peter W. F. CA NACB LMPG Comm TI National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Emerging Biomarkers for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material AB BACKGROUND: Heart disease and stroke continue to be the leading causes of death in the US. As a result, investigators continue to look for new and emerging biomarkers of disease risk. Because many of these emerging biomarkers are not as well documented as those of conventional lipid and lipoprotein risk factors, their value in clinical practice needs to be critically appraised and appropriate guidelines developed for their proposed use. CONTENT: The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) convened a multidisciplinary expert panel to develop laboratory medicine practice guidelines for a selected subset of these emerging risk factors as applied in a primary prevention setting of heart disease and stroke. The NACB expert panel selected lipoprotein subclasses and particle concentration, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, white blood cell count, homocysteine, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP), and markers of renal function as biomarkers that fell within the scope of these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a thorough review of the published literature, only hsCRP met all of the stated criteria required for acceptance as a biomarker for risk assessment in primary prevention. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Myers, Gary L.; Cooper, Gerald R.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Labarthe, Darwin R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Christenson, Robert H. M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cushman, Mary] Univ Vermont, Colchester, VT USA. [Ballantyne, Christie M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Grundy, Scott M.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Levy, Daniel] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Rifai, Nader] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Rifai, Nader] Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wilson, Peter W. F.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Myers, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gmyers@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 88 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.115899 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 401ED UT WOS:000262921300026 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Avila, L Slome, S Schuster, FL Gavali, S Schantz, PM Sejvar, J Glaser, CA AF Ramirez-Avila, Lynn Slome, Sally Schuster, Frederick L. Gavali, Shilpa Schantz, Peter M. Sejvar, James Glaser, Carol A. TI Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus and Gnathostoma Species SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CANTONENSIS; SPINIGERUM; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; MANIFESTATIONS; ALBENDAZOLE; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY; ANTIGEN AB Eosinophilic meningitis can be the result of noninfectious causes and infectious agents. Among the infectious agents, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Gnathostoma spinigerum are the most common. Although angiostrongyliasis and gnathostomiasis are not common in the United States, international travel and immigration make these diseases clinically relevant. Both A. cantonensis and G. spinigerum infection can present as severe CNS compromise. Diagnoses of both infections can be challenging and are often clinical because of a paucity of serological assays readily available in the United States. Furthermore, there are conflicting recommendations about treatment for angiostrongyliasis and gnathostomiasis. To further explore the emerging nature of these helminthic infections, a case description and review of A. cantonensis and G. spinigerum infections are presented. The clinical severity of eosinophilic meningitis and diagnosis of these infections are highlighted. C1 [Ramirez-Avila, Lynn] Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Slome, Sally] Kaiser Permante Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. [Schuster, Frederick L.; Gavali, Shilpa; Glaser, Carol A.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. [Schantz, Peter M.; Sejvar, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramirez-Avila, L (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 300 Longwood Ave,LO-650, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lynn.ramirez@tch.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1086/595852 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 392GM UT WOS:000262291200009 PM 19123863 ER PT J AU de Valk, HA Meis, JFGM Bretagne, S Costa, JM Lasker, BA Balajee, SA Pasqualotto, AC Anderson, MJ Alcazar-Fuoli, L Mellado, E Klaassen, CHW AF de Valk, H. A. Meis, J. F. G. M. Bretagne, S. Costa, J. -M. Lasker, B. A. Balajee, S. A. Pasqualotto, A. C. Anderson, M. J. Alcazar-Fuoli, L. Mellado, E. Klaassen, C. H. W. TI Interlaboratory reproducibility of a microsatellite-based typing assay for Aspergillus fumigatus through the use of allelic ladders: proof of concept SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Allelic ladder; Aspergillus fumigatus; finger printing; microsatellite; standardization ID DNA; MARKERS AB An interlaboratory study was performed with the aim of investigating the reproducibility of a multiplex microbial microsatellite-based typing assay for Aspergillus fumigatus in different settings using a variety of experimental and analytical conditions and with teams having variable prior microsatellite typing experience. In order to circumvent problems with exchange of sizing data, allelic ladders are introduced as a straightforward and universally applicable concept for standardization of such typing assays. Allelic ladders consist of mixtures of well-characterized reference fragments to act as reference points for the position in an electrophoretic trace of fragments with established repeat numbers. Five laboratories independently analysed six microsatellite markers in 18 samples that were provided either as DNA or as A. fumigatus conidia. Allelic data were reported as repeat numbers and as sizes in nucleotides. Without the use of allelic ladders, size differences of up to 6.7 nucleotides were observed, resulting in interpretation errors of up to two repeat units. Difficulties in interpretation were related to non-specific amplification products (which were resolved with explanation) and bleed-through of the different fluorescent labels. In contrast, after resolution of technical or interpretive problems, standardization of sizing data by using allelic ladders enabled all participants to produce identical typing data. The use of allelic ladders as a routine part of molecular typing using microsatellite markers provides robust results suitable for interlaboratory comparisons and for deposition in a global typing database. C1 [de Valk, H. A.; Meis, J. F. G. M.; Klaassen, C. H. W.] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-6532 SZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bretagne, S.; Costa, J. -M.] Hop Henri Mondor, Lab Parasitol Mycol, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Bretagne, S.] Inst Pasteur, Mol Mycol Unit, Natl Reference Ctr Mycoses & Antifungals, Paris, France. [Costa, J. -M.] Lab Pasteur Cerba, Cergy Pontoise, France. [Lasker, B. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonosis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Balajee, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pasqualotto, A. C.; Anderson, M. J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Pasqualotto, A. C.; Anderson, M. J.] Wythenshawe Hosp, Manchester M23 9LT, Lancs, England. [Alcazar-Fuoli, L.; Mellado, E.] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Madrid, Spain. RP Klaassen, CHW (reprint author), Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Weg Door Jonkerbos 100, NL-6532 SZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM c.klaassen@cwz.nl RI Meis, Jacques/A-9241-2010; OI Meis, Jacques/0000-0003-3253-6080; Bretagne, Stephane/0000-0001-6870-3800 FU Wellcome Trust NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02656.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 412VZ UT WOS:000263753600011 PM 19154486 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA McFarlane, M AF Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. McFarlane, Mary TI Web 2.0 and beyond: risks for sexually transmitted infections and opportunities for prevention SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HIV; internet; prevention; risk behaviors; sexually transmitted disease; sexually transmitted infection ID GAY MEN; INTERNET; ONLINE; SEX; DISEASES; HIV; INTERVENTION; POPULATIONS; CYBERSPACE; PARTNERS AB Purpose of review The continued growth of the Internet as a communication medium has had major implications for the transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of this review is to describe recent developments in this rapidly changing environment. Recent findings The interface between the Internet and STIs is described from three perspectives: the Internet as a risk environment, that is, a place where prospective, potentially STI-infected, sex partners can be recruited; the Internet as a venue where public health prevention interventions aimed at STIs and HIV prevention can be placed; and the Internet as an increasingly important work environment for all STI prevention disciplines. Summary The review highlights recent developments and identifies potential avenues for future research and program development. The increasing interactivity of the Internet, known as 'Web 2.0', especially the user-driven social networking sites that allow users to share near limitless amounts of personal information with their peers in the network, is compounding the potential of the Internet as an environment for both STI risk and prevention. C1 [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Univ Colorado, Internet & STD Ctr Excellence, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [McFarlane, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Internet & STD Ctr Excellence, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM cornelis.rietmeijer@dhha.org NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328320a871 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400AZ UT WOS:000262841700010 PM 19532082 ER PT J AU Bowzard, JB Ranjan, P Sambhara, S Fujita, T AF Bowzard, J. Bradford Ranjan, Priya Sambhara, Suryaprakash Fujita, Takashi TI Antiviral defense: RIG-Ing the immune system to STING SO CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE RIG-I; Type I interferon; Virus; Cytosolic pathogen sensors ID RNA; RECOGNITION; RESPONSES AB A critical component of the innate immune response is the presence of germ line-encoded receptors capable of recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecules. One group of these receptors, the cytoplasmic RIG-I-like helicases (RLH), is involved in the induction of Type I interferon in response to viral infection. Here we discuss results of recent investigations into the initiation and transmission of signals through the RIG-I pathway. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bowzard, J. Bradford; Ranjan, Priya; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fujita, Takashi] Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, Mol Genet Lab, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mail Stop G16 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sambhara@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-6101 J9 CYTOKINE GROWTH F R JI Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.01.001 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 425YE UT WOS:000264673100001 PM 19211297 ER PT J AU Cowie, CC Rust, KF Ford, ES Eberhardt, MS Byrd-Holt, DD Li, CY Williams, DE Gregg, EW Bainbridge, KE Saydah, SH Geiss, LS AF Cowie, Catherine C. Rust, Keith F. Ford, Earl. S. Eberhardt, Mark S. Byrd-Holt, Danita D. Li, Chaoyang Williams, Desmond E. Gregg, Edward W. Bainbridge, Kathleen E. Saydah, Sharon H. Geiss, Linda S. TI Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the US Population in 1988-1994 and 2005-2006 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; TOLERANCE; MELLITUS; INTERVENTION; ASSOCIATION AB OBJECTIVE - We examined the prevalences of diagnosed diabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes using fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test values, in the U.S. during 2005-2006. We then compared the prevalences of these conditions with those in 1988-1994. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In 2005-2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included a probability sample of 7,267 people aged :12 years, Participants were classified according to glycemic Status by interview for diagnosed diabetes and by fasting and 2-h glucoses measured in subsamples. RESULTS - In 2005-2006, the crude prevalence of total diabetes in people aged >= 20 years was 12.9%, of which similar to 40% was undiagnosed. in people aged >= 20 years, the crude prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.7% and of impaired glucose tolerance was 13.8%, with almost 30% having either. Over 40% of individuals had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Almost one-third of the elderly had diabetes, and three-quarters had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, age- and sex-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was approximately twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks (P < 0.0001.) and Mexican Americans (P = 0.0001), whereas undiagnosed diabetes was not higher. Crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in people aged >= 20 years rose from 5.1% in 1988-1994 to 7.7% in 2005-2006 (P = 0.0001); this was significant after accounting for differences in age and sex, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks. Prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were generally stable, although the proportion of total diabetes that was undiagnosed decreased in Mexican Americans. CONCLUSIONS - Over 40% of people aged >= 20 years have hyperglycemic conditions, and prevalence is higher in minorities. Diagnosed diabetes has increased over time, but other conditions have been relatively stable. C1 [Cowie, Catherine C.] NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rust, Keith F.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ford, Earl. S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eberhardt, Mark S.; Saydah, Sharon H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Byrd-Holt, Danita D.; Bainbridge, Kathleen E.] Social & Sci Syst Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Williams, Desmond E.; Gregg, Edward W.; Geiss, Linda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cowie, CC (reprint author), NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cowiec@mail.nih.gov NR 25 TC 653 Z9 664 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.2337/dc08-1296 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 402MV UT WOS:000263018700015 PM 19017771 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Zhao, GX Mokdad, AH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Zhao, Guixiang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Association With Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hyperinsulinemia Among US Adolescents National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FASTING GLUCOSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; LIFE-STYLE; CHILDREN; OBESITY; INTOLERANCE; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE - Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are considered to constitute "pre-diabetes." We estimated the prevalence of IFG, IGT, and prediabetes among U.S. adolescents using data from a nationally representative sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from participants aged 12-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. We used fasting plasma glucose and 2-h glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test to assess the prevalence of IFG, IGT, and pre-diabetes and used the log-binomial model to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS - The unadjusted prevalences of IFG, IGT, and pre-diabetes were 13.1, 3.4, and 16.1%, respectively. Boys had a 2.4-fold higher prevalence of pre-diabetes than girls (95% CI 1.3-4.3). Non-Hispanic blacks had a lower rate than non-Hispanic whites (PR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9). Adolescents aged 16-19 years had a lower rate than those aged 12-15 years (0.6, 0.4-0.9). Overweight adolescents had a 2.6-fold higher rate than those with normal weight (1.3-5.1). Adolescents with two or more cardiometabolic risk factors had a 2.7-fold higher rate than those with none (1.5-4.8). Adolescents with hyperinsulinemia had a fourfold higher prevalence (2.2-7.4) than those without. Neither overweight nor number of cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly associated with pre-diabetes after adjustment for hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS - Pre-diabetes was highly prevalent among adolescents. Hyperinsulinemia was independently associated With pre-diabetes and may account for the association of overweight and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors with pre-diabetes. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Zhao, Guixiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.2337/dc08-1128 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 402MV UT WOS:000263018700025 PM 18957533 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Zhao, GX Ahluwalia, IB Pearson, WS Mokdad, AH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Zhao, Guixiang Ahluwalia, Indu B. Pearson, William S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed depression among US adults with diabetes: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006 SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Depression; Diabetes; Prevalence; Correlates; Undiagnosed ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; DWELLING OLDER-ADULTS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PRIMARY-CARE; MOOD DISORDERS; POPULATION; VALIDITY; MORTALITY; INTERVIEW; SYMPTOMS AB Aims: Many people with depression may be undiagnosed and thus untreated. We sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed depression among adults with diabetes. Methods: Data of U.S. adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2006 were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIS) of correlates for undiagnosed depression. Results: The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of undiagnosed depression were 8.7% and 9.2%. About 45% of diabetes patients with depression were undiagnosed. After adjustments for all correlates, female gender (PR, 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), poor or fair health (PR, 2.8; 95% CI: 2.1-3.6), lack of social and emotional support (PR, 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-3.3), life dissatisfaction (PR, 3.5; 95% CI: 2.2-5.5), use of special equipment (PR, 1.4; 95% Cl: 1.1-1.8), no leisure-time physical activity (PR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), and comorbid cardiovascular disease (PR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9) were associated with undiagnosed depression. Conclusions: Undiagnosed depression among people with diabetes was common. Because depression is associated with increased risk of diabetes-related complications, early detection of depression is needed in clinical settings. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Zhao, Guixiang; Ahluwalia, Indu B.; Pearson, William S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.006 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 407WS UT WOS:000263395600016 PM 19111364 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZW He, XQ Bi, YY Xia, Y Tao, N Li, L Ma, Q AF Zhao, Zhiwei He, Xiaoqing Bi, Yongyi Xia, Ying Tao, Ning Li, Li Ma, Qiang TI Induction of CYP4F3 by Benzene Metabolites in Human White Blood Cells in Vivo in Human Promyelocytic Leukemic Cell Lines and ex Vivo in Human Blood Neutrophils SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; OMEGA-HYDROXYLASE; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; HEMATOTOXICITY; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; MODULATION; TOXICITY; WORKERS; GENE AB Exposure to benzene elicits a spectrum of hematotoxicity ranging from reduction of peripheral blood cell counts to aplastic anemia and leukemia. The molecular mechanism by which benzene damages hematopoietic cells is unclear; in particular, benzene-induced aberrant gene expression has not been addressed. We analyzed differential gene expression in the peripheral white blood cells from seven female patients with occupational benzene poisoning and seven matched control subjects. In this study, we report altered expression of cytochrome P450 in the patients. All patients exhibited elevated expression of CYP4F3A encoding the leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)) omega-hydroxylase critical in the inactivation of LTB4 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a -fold induction between 3 and 71. Four patients had high expression of CYP1A1, and two patients had elevated expression of CYP1B1. Expressions of CYP2B6, CYP51, and CYP27A1 were also altered in certain patients. Mechanistic analysis revealed that phenol, a major metabolite of benzene, significantly induced the expression of CYP4F3A at both mRNA and protein levels in cultured promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), similarly to all-trans retinoic acid. Induction of CYP4F3 by phenol was also observed in differentiated HL-60 cells, in the proerythroid cell line K562, and ex vivo in human neutrophils. On the other hand, hydroquinone induced extensive apoptosis of the cells. The findings demonstrated, for the first time, that benzene and metabolites induce CYP4F3 in human blood cells both in vivo and in vitro. Induction of CYP4F3 may play a role in the development of benzene hematotoxicity and serve as a biomarker of benzene exposure. C1 [Zhao, Zhiwei; He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Zhao, Zhiwei; Bi, Yongyi; Xia, Ying; Tao, Ning; Li, Li] Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH,Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov FU National Nature Science Foundation, China [30571556, 30771784]; Hubei Provincial Nature Science Foundation, Hubei, China [2001ABB161]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [8927007B] FX This work was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation, China [Grants 30571556, 30771784]; the Hubei Provincial Nature Science Foundation, Hubei, China [Grant 2001ABB161]; and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Grant 8927007B]. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.023192 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 396WV UT WOS:000262623000008 PM 19029204 ER PT J AU Paini, MC Morata, TC Corteletti, LJ Albizu, E Marques, JM Santos, L AF Paini, Michele C. Morata, Thais C. Corteletti, Lilian Jacob Albizu, Evelyn Marques, Jair M. Santos, Lorayne TI Audiological Findings Among Workers from Brazilian Small-Scale Fisheries SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID EVOKED OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS AB Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the noise exposure and hearing of fishermen from small-scale fisheries from the state of Parana in Brazil. Design: Participants of this cross-sectional study included 141 male fishermen, ages ranging from 18 to 77 yr old and 136 controls matched by socioeconomic level, age, and gender. We conducted personal noise closimetry and interviewed the fishermen regarding their hearing and their job. Audiological testing performed included pure-tone audiometry in the 0.5 to 8 kHz frequency range, extended high-frequency audiometry in the 9 to 16 kHz range, and transient and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. Testing was preceded by a period of at least 14 hr without exposure to noise. Participants were subdivided in subgroups according to their noise exposure history. Results: Sound level measurement results ranged from 38 to 58 L, dB (A) in vessels without an engine and between 90 and 108 L(eq) dB (A) in vessels with an engine. Results from additional area sound level measurements conducted in five different seating locations in the 9HP engine boat ranged from 86 to 105 dB (A). Statistical analysis of the pure-tone audiometry results showed that fishermen with current or a history of occupational noise exposure had significantly poorer thresholds than controls or unexposed fishermen in several of the tested audiometric frequencies. Results of the otoacoustic emissions testing showed differences between exposed and unexposed groups regarding the presence of responses in bilateral amplitude and reproducibility at all frequency bands tested. Conclusions: Because of the fishermen's increased risk of hearing disorders, a variety of solutions are recommended, which include dissemination of information on control of noise emissions generated by the boat engines, audiological care, and hearing loss prevention services tailored to Workers from small-scale fisheries. C1 [Paini, Michele C.; Morata, Thais C.; Corteletti, Lilian Jacob; Marques, Jair M.; Santos, Lorayne] Univ Tuiuti Parana, Dept Commun Disorders, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Morata, Thais C.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Albizu, Evelyn] FUNDACENTRO Minist Labor, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, C27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmorata@cdc.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Jacob-Corteletti , Lilian Cassia /I-9391-2012 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 392OM UT WOS:000262312000002 PM 19050644 ER PT J AU Crabtree, MB Sang, R Miller, BR AF Crabtree, Mary B. Sang, Rosemary Miller, Barry R. TI Kupe Virus, a New Virus in the Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Nairovirus, Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUS; DUGBE VIRUS; RNA SEGMENT; SEQUENCE; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; DIVERSITY; ARBOVIRUS; PROTEASES; SKI-1 AB We have previously described isolation and preliminary identification of a virus related to Dugbe virus (DUGV), family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus. Six isolates of the virus were obtained from pools of Amblyomma gemma and Rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected from hides of cattle in Nairobi, Kenya, in October 1999. We report results of further characterization of this virus, including growth kinetics in cell culture and full-length genome sequencing and genetic characterization, which show it to be distinct from DUGV. We suggest that this is a new virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, and we propose that it be designated Kupe virus. C1 [Crabtree, Mary B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sang, Rosemary] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mcrabtree@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080851 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700001 PM 19193256 ER PT J AU Sintasath, DM Wolfe, ND LeBreton, M Jia, HW Garcia, AD Diffo, JLD Tamoufe, U Carr, JK Folks, TM Mpoudi-Ngole, E Burke, DS Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Sintasath, David M. Wolfe, Nathan D. LeBreton, Matthew Jia, Hongwei Garcia, Albert D. Diffo, Joseph Le Doux Tamoufe, Ubald Carr, Jean K. Folks, Thomas M. Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel Burke, Donald S. Heneine, Walid Switzer, William M. TI Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Diversity among Nonhuman Primates, Cameroon SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; CERCOCEBUS-TORQUATUS; PAPIO-HAMADRYAS; GENOME ANALYSIS; I STRAINS; HTLV-I; TYPE-3; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; AFRICA AB Cross-species transmission of retroviruses is common in Cameroon. To determine risk for simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) transmission from nonhuman primates to hunters, we examined 170 hunter-collected dried blood spots (DBS) from 12 species for STLV. PCR with generic tax and group-specific long terminal repeat primers showed that 12 (7%) specimens from 4 nonhuman primate species were infected with STLV. Phylogenetic analyses showed broad diversity of STLV, including novel STLV-1 and STLV-3 sequences and a highly divergent STLV-3 subtype found in Cercopithecus mona and C. nictitans monkeys. Screening of peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA from 63 HTLV-seroreactive, PCR-negative hunters did not identify human infections with this divergent STLV-3. Therefore, hunter-collected DBS can effectively capture STLV diversity at the point where pathogen spillover occurs. Broad screening using this relatively easy collection strategy has potential for large-scale monitoring of retrovirus cross-species transmission among highly exposed human populations. C1 [Jia, Hongwei; Garcia, Albert D.; Folks, Thomas M.; Heneine, Walid; Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sintasath, David M.; Burke, Donald S.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wolfe, Nathan D.; Tamoufe, Ubald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [LeBreton, Matthew; Diffo, Joseph Le Doux; Tamoufe, Ubald; Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel] Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Carr, Jean K.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Cliflon Rd NE,Mailstop G45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award [DP1-OD000370]; WW Smith Charitable Trust, the US Military; NIH Fogarty International Center(International Research Scientist Development A-ward [5 K01 TW000003-05]; AIDS International Training and Research Program [2 D 43 TW000010-17-AITRP]; National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration [7762-04]; National Science Foundation FX N.D.W. was supported by awards from the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award (urant DP1-OD000370), the WW Smith Charitable Trust, the US Military HIV Research Program. and grants from the NIH Fogarty International Center(International Research Scientist Development A-ward grant 5 K01 TW000003-05), AIDS International Training and Research Program (grant 2 D 43 TW000010-17-AITRP). and the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration (grant no. 7762-04). D.M.S was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the Edward and Kathy Ludwig Scholarship. A.D.G. was Supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080584 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700005 PM 19193260 ER PT J AU Stager, K Legros, F Krause, G Low, N Bradley, D Desai, M Graf, S D'Amato, S Mizuno, Y Janzon, R Petersen, E Kester, J Steffen, R Schlagenhauf, P AF Staeger, Katrin Legros, Fabrice Krause, Gerard Low, Nicola Bradley, David Desai, Meghna Graf, Simone D'Amato, Stefania Mizuno, Yasutaka Janzon, Ragnhild Petersen, Eskild Kester, John Steffen, Robert Schlagenhauf, Patricia TI Imported Malaria in Children in Industrialized Countries, 1992-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VISITING FRIENDS; DIAGNOSIS; FRANCE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; RELATIVES; TRAVELERS; GERMANY; LONDON AB Children account for an appreciable proportion of total imported malaria cases, yet few studies have quantified these cases. identified trends, or suggested evidence-based prevention strategies for this group of travelers. We therefore sought to identify numbers of cases and deaths, Plasmodium species, place of malaria acquisition, preventive measures used, and national origin of malaria in children. We analyzed retrospective data from Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States and data provided by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. During 1992-2002, > 17,000 cases of imported malaria in children were reported in 11 countries where malaria is not endemic; most (> 70%) had been acquired in Africa. Returning to country of origin to visit friends and relatives was a risk factor. Malaria prevention for children should be a responsibility of healthcare providers and should be subsidized for low-income travelers to high-risk areas. C1 [Schlagenhauf, Patricia] Univ Zurich, Ctr Travel Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Travellors Hlth, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. [Legros, Fabrice] Ctr Natl Rech Epidemiol Paludisme Importat & Auto, Paris, France. [Krause, Gerard] Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Low, Nicola] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Bradley, David] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. [Desai, Meghna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Graf, Simone] Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. [D'Amato, Stefania] Ministero Salute, Rome, Italy. [Mizuno, Yasutaka] Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. [Janzon, Ragnhild] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. [Petersen, Eskild] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kester, John] United Nat World Toursim Org, Madrid, Spain. RP Schlagenhauf, P (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Ctr Travel Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Travellors Hlth, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. EM pat@ifspm.unizh.ch OI Low, Nicola/0000-0003-4817-8986; Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080712 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700006 PM 19193261 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Anekthananon, T Burapat, C Akksilp, S Mankhatitham, W Srinalk, C Nateniyom, S Sattayawuthipong, W Tasaneeyapan, T Varma, JK AF Cain, Kevin P. Anekthananon, Thanomsak Burapat, Channawong Akksilp, Sornsalk Mankhatitham, Wiroj Srinalk, Chawin Nateniyom, Sriprapa Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit Varma, Jay K. TI Causes of Death in HIV-infected Persons Who Have Tuberculosis, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; VERBAL AUTOPSY; POSITIVE TUBERCULOSIS; COTE-DIVOIRE; MORTALITY; ADULTS; PATHOLOGY; RESISTANCE AB Up to 50% of persons with HIV and a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in Thailand die during TB treatment. In a prospective observational study, a team of physicians ascribed the cause of death after reviewing verbal autopsies (interviews of family members about events preceding death), laboratory data, and medical records. Of 849 HIV-infected TB patients enrolled, 142 (17%) died. The cause of death was TB for 38 (27%), including 6 with multidrug-resistant TB and 20 with disseminated TB; an HIV-associated condition other than TB for 50 (35%); and a condition unrelated to TB or HIV for 22 (15%). Twenty-three patients (16%) were judged not to have had TB at all. Death from all causes except those unrelated to TB or HIV was less common in persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). In addition to increasing the use of ART, death rates may be reduced through expanded use of modern TB diagnostic techniques. C1 [Cain, Kevin P.; Varma, Jay K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Anekthananon, Thanomsak] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Burapat, Channawong; Tasaneeyapan, Theerawit; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Akksilp, Sornsalk] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Mankhatitham, Wiroj] Bamrasnaradura Inst, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Srinalk, Chawin] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai] Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080942 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700015 PM 19193270 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Lu, XJ Fu, SH Zhang, S Li, ZX Yao, XH Feng, YP Lambert, AJ Nii, DX Wang, FT Tong, SX Nasci, RS Feng, Y Dong, Q Zhai, YG Gao, XY Wang, HY Tang, Q Liang, GD AF Lu, Zhi Lu, Xin-Jun Fu, Shi-Hong Zhang, Song Li, Zhao-Xia Yao, Xin-Hua Feng, Yu-Ping Lambert, Amy J. Nii, Da-Xin Wang, Feng-Tian Tong, Su-Xiang Nasci, Roger S. Feng, Yun Dong, Qiang Zhai, You-Gang Gao, Xiao-Yan Wang, Huan-Yu Tang, Qing Liang, Guo-Dong TI Tahyna Virus and Human Infection, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; ARBOVIRUSES; BUNYAVIRIDAE AB In 2006, Tahyna virus was isolated from Culex spp. mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. In 2007, to determine whether this virus was infecting humans, we tested serum from febrile patients. We found immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG against the virus, which suggests human infection in this region. C1 [Liang, Guo-Dong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Song; Tong, Su-Xiang; Dong, Qiang] Xinjiang Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhao-Xia] Kashi Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Yao, Xin-Hua] Jiashi Cty Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yu-Ping] Maigaiti Cty Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Lambert, Amy J.; Nasci, Roger S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Liang, GD (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Control & Prevent, 100 Yingxin St,Xuanwu Dist, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM gdliang@hotmail.com FU CGH CDC HHS [U19-GH000004, U19 GH000004] NR 15 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080722 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700025 PM 19193280 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Zhang, HL Fu, SH Wang, HY Ni, DX Nasci, R Tang, Q Liang, GD AF Wang, Jinglin Zhang, Hailin Fu, Shihong Wang, Huanyu Ni, Daxin Nasci, Roger Tang, Qing Liang, Guodong TI Isolation of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus from Febrile Patient, Yunnan, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLAVIVIRUS; INDIA AB We recently determined that Nanjianyin virus, isolated from serum of a patient in Yunnan Province, China, in 1989, is a type of Kyasanur Forest disease virus. Results of a 1987-1990 seroepidemiologic investigation in Yunnan Province had shown that residents of the Hengduan Mountain region of had been infected with Nanjianyin virus. C1 [Liang, Guodong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jinglin; Zhang, Hailin] Yunnan Inst Endem Dis Control & Prevent, Dali, Peoples R China. [Nasci, Roger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Liang, GD (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, 100 Yingxin Street, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM gdiang@hotmail.com FU CGH CDC HHS [U19 GH000004, U19-GH000004] NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 326 EP 328 DI 10.3201/eid1502.080979 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700031 PM 19193286 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Tong, SX Lu, XY Reed, S Erdman, D Campbell, A Supawat, K Liamsuwan, S Jothikumar, N Olsen, S AF Khetsuriani, Nino Tong, Suxiang Lu, Xiaoyan Reed, Shannon Erdman, Dean Campbell, Angela Supawat, Krongkaew Liamsuwan, Sahas Jothikumar, Narayanan Olsen, Sonja TI Systemic Infection with Enteric Adenovirus in Immunocompetent Child with Haemophilus influenzae Disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PCR C1 [Khetsuriani, Nino; Tong, Suxiang; Lu, Xiaoyan; Reed, Shannon; Erdman, Dean; Campbell, Angela; Jothikumar, Narayanan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Supawat, Krongkaew] Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Liamsuwan, Sahas] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Olsen, Sonja] Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nek7@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 355 EP 357 DI 10.3201/eid1502.081066 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700044 PM 19193299 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI ... Myself That I Remake SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMPI@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 361 EP 362 DI 10.3201/eid1502.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 405NE UT WOS:000263230700046 PM 19193301 ER PT J AU Berman, T Hochner-Celnikier, D Calafat, AM Needham, LL Amitai, Y Wormser, U Richter, E AF Berman, Tamar Hochner-Celnikier, Drorit Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. Amitai, Yona Wormser, Uri Richter, Elihu TI Phthalate exposure among pregnant women in Jerusalem, Israel: Results of a pilot study SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Exposure; Phthalates; Pregnancy; Urinary metabolites ID NURSERY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; URINE; MONOESTERS; DEHP; CONTAMINATION; POPULATION; TEACHERS; HORMONES AB Background: Phthalates can disrupt endocrine function and induce reproductive and developmental toxicity in laboratory animals. Few studies have evaluated exposure to phthalates in pregnant women, despite the potential sensitivity of the developing fetus to adverse effects of phthalates. Methods: We measured urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites in 19 pregnant women, recruited in Jerusalem, Israel in 2006, and collected questionnaire data on demographic factors and consumer habits from these women. We compared geometric mean concentrations in subgroups and used the Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples to determine significant differences between groups. Results: Nine metabolites were detected in at least 95% of the samples: mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono(n-butyl) phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate. Phthalate metabolite concentrations in these pregnant women were remarkably similar to those in the general United States female population. MBzP geometric mean concentrations were higher in women living in buildings existing 40 years or more (P=0.04). In women who used four or more personal care products (perfume, deodorant lipstick, nail polish, or hand/face cream) in the 48 h prior to providing the urine sample, geometric mean MEP concentrations were more than 4 times higher than concentrations in women using only two or three of the aforementioned products (P=0.07). Conclusions: Pregnant women in Jerusalem are exposed to a wide range of phthalates. Building materials used in old constructions may be a source of exposure to benzylbutyl phthalate, the parent compound of MBzP. Personal care products may be sources of exposure to diethyl phthalate, the parent compound of MER (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Berman, Tamar; Wormser, Uri] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Pharm, Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Hochner-Celnikier, Drorit] Hadassah Hosp Mt Scopus, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jerusalem, Israel. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richter, Elihu] Hadassah Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Berman, T (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Pharm, Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM tamar.berman@mail.huji.ac.il RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.08.010 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411DM UT WOS:000263628200018 PM 18824263 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Barr, DB Rithmire, N Edwards, J Holmes, AK Needham, LL Rubin, CS AF Naeher, Luke P. Barr, Dana B. Rithmire, Nancy Edwards, Jeannie Holmes, Adrianne K. Needham, Larry L. Rubin, Carol S. TI Pesticide exposure resulting from treatment of lice infestation in school-aged children in Georgia SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Children; Pesticide; Lindane; Permethrin; Pyrethroid; Biomonitoring; Lice ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; URINE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to assess pesticide exposures in children being treated for head lice with either lindane or permethrin (exposed group) and children who did not have a lice infestation and thus were not being treated with chemicals for head lice or scabies (unexposed group). Methods: In 2001, we enrolled 78 children aged 6-10 years old and collected baseline urine samples and demographic information from all the children. We subsequently collected post-exposure urine samples and questionnaire information about lice treatment from the 29 (37%) children (exposed children) who had been diagnosed and were being treated for head lice. Metabolites of the pesticides lindane and permethrin were measured in the samples. Results: The mean age of exposed and unexposed children in the study population was 9.3 years and 8.5 years, respectively. Fourteen of the 29 exposed children used prescription lice treatments (i.e., lindane or malathion); 25 of the 29 exposed children used at least one over-the-counte permethrin treatment, either alone or in addition to prescription treatments. Exposed children in both counties had higher urinary pyrethroid metabolite levels in their post-exposure samples compared with their baseline samples. However this difference was only significant in Forsyth County children. Conclusions: The significantly increased post-exposure pyrethroid metabolite levels in the urine of Forsyth County children suggest that the children are exposed to pyrethroid insecticides through the use of lice shampoos. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Naeher, Luke P.; Holmes, Adrianne K.; Rubin, Carol S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barr, Dana B.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rithmire, Nancy] Forsyth Cty Sch Dist, Cumming, GA USA. [Edwards, Jeannie] Dawson Cty Sch Dist, Dawsonville, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17,Bldg 103,Loading, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.09.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411DM UT WOS:000263628200019 PM 18947873 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Diaz, S Mitchell, AA Kelley, KE Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia Mitchell, Allen A. Kelley, Katherine E. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ TI Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the US Population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE coating; didanosine; medications; mesalamine; omeprazole; phthalates; theophylline ID DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; MALE INFANTS; HUMAN URINE; MALE-RAT; METABOLITES AB BACKGROUND: Widespread human exposure to phthalates, some of which are developmental and reproductive toxicants in experimental animals, raises concerns about potential human health risks. Underappreciated sources of exposure include phthalates in the polymers coating some oral medications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether users of phthalate-containing medications have higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites than do nonusers. METHODS: We used publically available files from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999-2004. For certain survey periods, participants were asked to recall use of prescription medication during the past 30 days, and for a subsample of individuals, the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were measured. We a priori identified medications potentially containing phthalates as inactive ingredients and then compared the mean urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites between users and nonusers of those medications. RESULTS: Of the 7,999 persons with information on urinary phthalate concentrations, 6 reported using mesalamine formulations, some of which may include dibutyl phthalate (DBP); the mean urinary concentration of monobutyl phthalate, the main DBP metabolite, among these mesalamine users was 50 times higher than the mean for nonusers (2,257 mu g/L vs. 46 mu g/L; p < 0.0001). Users of didanosine, omeprazole, and theophylline products, some of which may contain diethyl phthalate (DEP), had mean urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, the main DEP metabolite, significantly higher than the mean for nonusers. CONCLUSION: Select medications might be a source of high exposure to some phthalates, one of which, DBP, shows adverse developmental and reproductive effects in laboratory animals. These results raise concern about potential human health risks, specifically among vulnerable segments of the general population and particularly pregnant women and children. C1 [Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pharmacoepidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mitchell, Allen A.; Kelley, Katherine E.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Occupat & Environm Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hernandez-Diaz, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pharmacoepidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM shernan@hsph.harvard.edu OI Mitchell, Allen/0000-0003-0950-6799 FU Harvard's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center in Environmental Health [ES00002]; [ES009718]; [OH008578] FX This work was Supported by a pilot project grant from Harvard's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center in Environmental Health (ES00002) and by grants ES009718 and OH008578. NR 27 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 117 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1289/ehp.11766 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 401VO UT WOS:000262970700025 PM 19270786 ER PT J AU Silver, SR Whelan, EA Deddens, JA Steenland, NK Hopf, NB Waters, MA Ruder, AM Prince, MM Yong, LC Hein, MJ Ward, EM AF Silver, Sharon R. Whelan, Elizabeth A. Deddens, James A. Steenland, N. Kyle Hopf, Nancy B. Waters, Martha A. Ruder, Avima M. Prince, Mary M. Yong, Lee C. Hein, Misty J. Ward, Elizabeth M. TI Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Risk of Breast Cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; incidence; occupational epidemiology; polychlorinated biphenyls ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE WOMEN; IN-VITRO; MORTALITY; PCBS; UPDATE; COHORT; POLYMORPHISMS; SMOKING AB BACKGROUND: Despite the endocrine system activity exhibited by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), recent studies have shown little association between PCB exposure and breast cancer mortality. OBJECTIVES: To further evaluate the relation between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk, we studied incidence, a more sensitive end point than mortality, in an occupational cohort. METHODS: We followed 5,752 women employed for at least 1 year in one of three capacitor manufacturing facilities, identifying cases from questionnaires, cancer registries, and death certificates through 1998. We collected lifestyle and reproductive information via questionnaire from participants or next of kin and used semiquantitative job-exposure matrices for inhalation and dermal exposures combined. We generated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized rate ratios and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate potential confounders and effect modifiers. RESULTS: Overall, the breast cancer SIR was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92; n = 257), and regression modeling showed little effect of employment duration or cumulative exposure. However, for the 362 women of questionnaire-identified races other than white, we observed positive, statistically significant associations with employment duration and cumulative exposure; only smoking, birth cohort, and self- or proxy questionnaire completion had statistically significant explanatory power when added to models with exposure metrics. CONCLUSIONS: We found no overall elevation in breast cancer risk after occupational exposure to PCBs. However, the exposure-related risk elevations seen among nonwhite workers, although of limited interpretability given the small number of cases, warrant further investigation, because the usual reproductive risk factors accounted for little of the increased risk. C1 [Silver, Sharon R.] NIOSH, DSHEFS, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Steenland, N. Kyle] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hopf, Nancy B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Prince, Mary M.] Sanofi Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Ward, Elizabeth M.] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Silver, SR (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM SSilver@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012; OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 117 IS 2 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1289/ehp.11774 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 401VO UT WOS:000262970700038 PM 19270799 ER PT J AU Thomas, PA Brackbill, R Thalji, L Campolucci, S DiGrande, L Thorpe, L Stellman, SD Henning, K AF Thomas, Pauline A. Brackbill, Robert Thalji, Lisa Campolucci, Sharon DiGrande, Laura Thorpe, Lorna Stellman, Steven D. Henning, Kelly TI World Trade Center Disaster and Asthma Type: Thomas et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID CENTER HEALTH REGISTRY; 11 SEPTEMBER 2001 C1 [Thomas, Pauline A.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Brackbill, Robert] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thalji, Lisa; Campolucci, Sharon] RTI Int, Chicago, IL USA. [DiGrande, Laura; Thorpe, Lorna; Stellman, Steven D.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Henning, Kelly] Bloomberg Fdn, New York, NY USA. RP Thomas, PA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM Thomasp1@umdnj.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 117 IS 2 BP A57 EP A57 DI 10.1289/ehp.12384R PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 401VO UT WOS:000262970700004 ER PT J AU Lantagne, D Meierhofer, R Allgood, G McGuigan, KG Quick, R AF Lantagne, Daniele Meierhofer, Regula Allgood, Greg McGuigan, K. G. Quick, Robert TI Comment on "Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Developing World" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID WESTERN KENYA C1 [Lantagne, Daniele; Quick, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meierhofer, Regula] SANDEC EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Allgood, Greg] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [McGuigan, K. G.] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Physiol & Med Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Lantagne, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI McGuigan, Kevin/A-3656-2010 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 968 EP 969 DI 10.1021/es802252c PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401FX UT WOS:000262926400071 PM 19245044 ER PT J AU Lau, CY Stansbury, JP Gust, DA Kafaar, Z AF Lau, Chuen-Yen Stansbury, James P. Gust, Deborah A. Kafaar, Zuhayr TI Social and behavioral science in HIV vaccine trials: a gap assessment of the literature SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE clinical trial; HIV; social science; sociobehavioral; vaccine ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ETHICAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; AIDS VACCINE; CLINICAL-TRIALS; EFFICACY TRIALS; SOUTH-AFRICA; US COMMUNITIES AB Social and behavioral science research is integral to the conduct of HIV vaccine trials, especially because the vaccine targets an infection laden with sensitive human issues. Although social and behavioral sciences have played a larger role in HIV vaccine clinical trials than other vaccine clinical trials to date, this role should be expanded. Fortunately, related publications, conference coverage and research proposals are on the rise; community engagement is receiving more attention during the earlier stages of product development; and collaboration between HIV vaccine scientists and social and behavioral scientists is being fostered. Greater attention to social and behavioral science issues could not only facilitate accrual, but also improve research efficiency and relevance. in this review, gaps in the literature on social and behavioral science issues in HIV vaccine clinical research, including barriers and facilitators to trial participation, enhancing feasibility of trial success, health systems, policy and monitoring social and behavioral issues, are identified and directions are suggested for filling those gaps. Development of a safe, efficacious and acceptable HIV vaccine will be nurtured by addressing the gaps through interdisciplinary collaborations. C1 [Lau, Chuen-Yen] NIAID, Vaccine Clin Res Branch, Vaccine Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Stansbury, James P.] EnCompass LLC, Potomac, MD USA. [Gust, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kafaar, Zuhayr] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Psychol, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Lau, CY (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Clin Res Branch, Vaccine Res Program, NIH, 6700 B Rockledge,Room 5126, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM lauc@niaid.nih.gov RI Stansbury, James/A-7858-2009 NR 111 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1586/14760584.8.2.179 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 410MS UT WOS:000263582200012 PM 19196198 ER PT J AU Stewart, SL Thompson, TD Wike, JM Bauer, K Cress, R Kahn, AR O'Malleys, C Schymura, MJ AF Stewart, S. L. Thompson, T. D. Wike, J. M. Bauer, K. Cress, R. Kahn, A. R. O'Malleys, C. Schymura, M. J. TI Descriptive epidemiology, treatment, and survival of low-grade and high-grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stewart, S. L.; Thompson, T. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wike, J. M.] CDC Contractor, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bauer, K.; Cress, R.] Calif Canc Registry, Sacramento, CA USA. [Kahn, A. R.; Schymura, M. J.] New York State Canc Registry, Albany, NY USA. [O'Malleys, C.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 112 IS 2 MA 243 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 419OY UT WOS:000264230200242 ER PT J AU Pals, SL Beaty, BL Posner, SF Bull, SS AF Pals, Sherri L. Beaty, Brenda L. Posner, Samuel F. Bull, Sheana S. TI Estimates of Intraclass Correlation for Variables Related to Behavioral HIV/STD Prevention in a Predominantly African American and Hispanic Sample of Young Women SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE intraclass correlation; group-randomized trial; HIV/STD prevention ID GROUP-RANDOMIZED TRIALS; CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION; RISK-REDUCTION; DESIGN; INTERVENTIONS; HIV; STD AB Studies designed to evaluate HIV and STD prevention interventions often involve random assignment of groups such as neighborhoods or communities to study conditions (e.g., to intervention or control). Investigators who design group-randomized trials (GRTs) must take the expected intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) into account in sample size estimation to have adequate power; however, few published ICC estimates exist for outcome variables related to HIV and STD prevention. The Prevention Options for Women Equal Rights POWER) study was a GRT designed to evaluate a campaign to increase awareness and use of condoms among young African American and Hispanic women. The authors used precampaign and postcampaign data from the POWER study to estimate ICCs (unadjusted and adjusted for covariates) for a variety of sexual behavior and other variables. To illustrate the impact of ICCs on power, the authors present sample-size calculations and demonstrate how ICCs of differing magnitude will affect estimates of required sample size. C1 [Pals, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beaty, Brenda L.; Bull, Sheana S.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Posner, Samuel F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pals, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfv3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1177/1090198108327731 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 401OJ UT WOS:000262950200014 PM 19188372 ER PT J AU Peterson, JL Rothenberg, R Kraft, JM Beeker, C Trotter, R AF Peterson, J. L. Rothenberg, R. Kraft, J. M. Beeker, C. Trotter, R. TI Perceived condom norms and HIV risks among social and sexual networks of young African American men who have sex with men SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS HIV; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; STUDENTS AB The association between condom norms and unprotected sexual intercourse was examined within social and sexual networks of young African American men who have sex with men (MSM) in an HIV epicenter of the southern United States. We used a chain-link design to recruit 158 young African American men: 95 initial participants, 56 contacts of participants (alters) and 7 contacts of alters. Men in the high-risk group, compared with those in the no-risk group, perceived significantly lower approval concerning condom use in their social and sexual networks. Also, 100 participants could be connected to each other in 86 dyads of social and sexual networks. Within these dyads, men perceived that their friends and acquaintances approved for them to use condoms but that their friends and acquaintances did not use condoms themselves. Low HIV risk behavior appears associated with perceived social norms that support one's use of condoms, even when perceived norms do not support condom use by network members themselves. C1 [Peterson, J. L.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Rothenberg, R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraft, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. [Beeker, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trotter, R.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Peterson, JL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5010, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM jpeterson@gsu.edu FU PHS HHS [265957, 266191, U64/CCU410874] NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 EI 1465-3648 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1093/her/cyn003 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 392VW UT WOS:000262331300013 PM 18281710 ER PT J AU Allen, EG Freeman, SB Druschel, C Hobbs, CA O'Leary, LA Romitti, PA Royle, MH Torfs, CP Sherman, SL AF Allen, Emily Graves Freeman, Sallie B. Druschel, Charlotte Hobbs, Charlotte A. O'Leary, Leslie A. Romitti, Paul A. Royle, Marjorie H. Torfs, Claudine P. Sherman, Stephanie L. TI Maternal age and risk for trisomy 21 assessed by the origin of chromosome nondisjunction: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GRANDMATERNAL AGE; MOUSE OOCYTES; CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MEIOTIC STAGE; MONGOLISM; ANEUPLOIDY; WOMEN; SEGREGATION AB We examined the association between maternal age and chromosome 21 nondisjunction by origin of the meiotic error. We analyzed data from two population-based, case-control studies: Atlanta Down Syndrome Project (1989-1999) and National Down Syndrome Project (2001-2004). Cases were live born infants with trisomy 21 and controls were infants without trisomy 21 delivered in the same geographical regions. We enrolled 1,215 of 1,881 eligible case families and 1,375 of 2,293 controls. We report four primary findings. First, the significant association between advanced maternal age and chromosome 21 nondisjunction was restricted to meiotic errors in the egg; the association was not observed in sperm or in post-zygotic mitotic errors. Second, advanced maternal age was significantly associated with both meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII). For example, compared to mothers of controls, mothers of infants with trisomy 21 due to MI nondisjunction were 8.5 times more likely to be a parts per thousand yen40 years old than 20-24 years old at the birth of the index case (95% CI = 5.6-12.9). Where nondisjunction occurred in MII, mothers were 15.1 times more likely to be a parts per thousand yen40 years (95% CI = 8.4-27.3). Third, the ratio of MI to MII errors differed by maternal age. The ratio was lower among women < 19 years of age and those a parts per thousand yen40 years (2.1, 2.3, respectively) and higher in the middle age group (3.6). Lastly, we found no effect of grand-maternal age on the risk for maternal nondisjunction. This study emphasizes the complex association between advanced maternal age and nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis. C1 [Allen, Emily Graves; Freeman, Sallie B.; Sherman, Stephanie L.] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. [Druschel, Charlotte] New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Hobbs, Charlotte A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [O'Leary, Leslie A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Royle, Marjorie H.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Torfs, Claudine P.] Inst Publ Hlth, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Allen, EG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, 2165 N Decatur Rd, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM emgrave@emory.edu FU NIH [R01 HD38979] FX We gratefully acknowledge the many families nationwide whose participation has made this study possible. In addition, we want to thank all personnel at each NDSP site and their associated birth surveillance teams who made this project a success. Lastly, we would like to thank Larry Edmonds and Dr. Paula Yoon who shared their experience with the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Their help was invaluable. This work was supported by NIH R01 HD38979 and by the technical assistance of the General Clinical Research Center at Emory University (NIH/NCRR M01 RR00039). NR 54 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 125 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00439-008-0603-8 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 396BO UT WOS:000262567400005 PM 19050929 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Schieve, LA Correa, A Hobbs, CA Rasmussen, SA AF Reefhuis, J. Honein, M. A. Schieve, L. A. Correa, A. Hobbs, C. A. Rasmussen, S. A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Assisted reproductive technology and major structural birth defects in the United States dagger SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; INCREASED RISK; IVF-METHODS; CHILDREN; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE AB With > 1% of US births occurring following use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), it is critical to examine whether ART is associated with birth defects. We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, multicenter, case-control study of birth defects. We included mothers of fetuses or live-born infants with a major birth defect (case infants) and mothers who had live-born infants who did not have a major birth defect (control infants), delivered during the period October 1997-December 2003. We compared mothers who reported ART use (IVF or ICSI) with those who had unassisted conceptions. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the following confounders: maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, smoking and parity; we stratified by plurality. ART was reported by 1.1% of all control mothers, and by 4.5% of control mothers 35 years or older. Among singleton births, ART was associated with septal heart defects (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.1, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.1-4.0), cleft lip with or without cleft palate (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.1), esophageal atresia (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI 1.9-10.5) and anorectal atresia (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.1). Among multiple births, ART was not significantly associated with any of the birth defects studied. These findings suggest that some birth defects occur more often among infants conceived with ART. Although the mechanism is not clear, couples considering ART should be informed of all potential risks and benefits. C1 [Reefhuis, J.; Honein, M. A.; Schieve, L. A.; Correa, A.; Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Hobbs, C. A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM nzr5@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; FU National Birth Defects Prevention Study FX The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided funding for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and for the analysis of data from this study. NR 33 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.1093/humrep/den387 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 395JD UT WOS:000262519500015 PM 19010807 ER PT J AU Sahakian, N Park, JH Cox-Ganser, J AF Sahakian, N. Park, J. -H. Cox-Ganser, J. TI Respiratory Morbidity and Medical Visits Associated with Dampness and Air-conditioning in Offices and Homes SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Indoor air quality; Mold; Ventilation; Air-conditioning; Office buildings; Asthma; Respiratory symptoms; Sick leave; Healthcare visits ID BUILDING DAMPNESS; INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; HEALTH-SERVICES; WORKERS HEALTH; SYMPTOMS; ASTHMA; ADULTS; INFLAMMATION; INFECTIONS AB We used data from 4345 adult US residents who were part of a 2004 national random mail survey to investigate associations between dampness and air-conditioning (AC) in homes and offices, and health outcomes, sick leave due to respiratory symptoms and medical visits during the past 12 months. We identified from this group 1396 office workers employed in professional, executive, administrative, managerial or administrative support occupations. Office workers reporting home dampness had an elevated prevalence of nasal symptoms [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4, P = 0.01] and constitutional symptoms (PR = 1.3, P = 0.01) in the previous year. Office workers reporting workplace dampness had an elevated prevalence of sick leave attributed to respiratory symptoms (PR = 1.3, P = 0.04) in the previous year. Office workers with home AC were more likely to have visited a medical specialist in the previous year (PR = 1.3, P = 0.02). We did not find any statistically significant associations between workplace AC and any of the health outcomes. We estimated an annual cost of US$1.4 billion for excess respiratory-related sick leave among office workers with workplace dampness. Our study strengthens the evidence of a relationship between dampness and health effects, and highlights the resulting economic impact.This study adds to the literature on respiratory morbidity associated with home and office exposures to mold and dampness. Public health response to lessen these exposures will improve the health and well-being of residents and workers as well as diminish the economic burden of lost work time and medical costs. C1 [Sahakian, N.] US PHS, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Sahakian, N (reprint author), US PHS, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop H2800, Morgantown, WV USA. EM nsahakian@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00561.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 395FY UT WOS:000262511200007 PM 19076249 ER PT J AU Laney, AS Cragin, LA Blevins, LZ Sumner, AD Cox-Ganser, JM Kreiss, K Moffatt, SG Lohff, CJ AF Laney, A. S. Cragin, L. A. Blevins, L. Z. Sumner, A. D. Cox-Ganser, J. M. Kreiss, K. Moffatt, S. G. Lohff, C. J. TI Sarcoidosis, asthma, and asthma-like symptoms among occupants of a historically water-damaged office building SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Sarcoidosis; Asthma; Building-related symptoms; Office workers; Indoor environment ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; INCIDENT CASE-CONTROL; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; INDOOR DAMPNESS; POPULATION; MICROBES; WORKERS; PNEUMONITIS; VALUES; SAMPLE AB Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology with evidence of association with exposure to microbial agents. In June 2006, we investigated a sarcoidosis cluster among office workers in a water-damaged building. In the course of the investigation, we became aware of a high rate of respiratory complaints including asthma and asthma-like symptoms. We conducted case finding for physician-diagnosed sarcoidosis and asthma and administered a health questionnaire survey and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to consenting occupants. We compared prevalence ratios (PRs) to the Environmental Protection Agency's Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation study (BASE) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We identified six sarcoidosis cases. The current building prevalence is 2206 cases/100,000 population, elevated, compared with the US population range of < 1-40 cases/100,000. Of current occupants, 77% (105) participated in the health questionnaire survey and 64% (87) in PFTs. Physician-diagnosed asthma was elevated, compared with the US adult population. Adult asthma incidence was 3.3/1000 person-years during the period before building occupancy and 11.5/1000 person-years during the period after building occupancy. Comparisons with US office workers (BASE) yielded elevated PRs for shortness of breath [PR, 9.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 6.1-15.2], wheeze (PR, 9.1; 95% CI 5.6-14.6), and chest tightness (PR, 5.1; 95% CI 2.8-9.0). PFT results supported reports of respiratory symptoms and diagnoses. Based on our findings building occupants were relocated.The remission of occupational asthma caused by certain known antigens improves with early diagnosis and removal from exposure. As a suspected antigen-mediated disease, sarcoidosis might also benefit if affected persons are isolated from continued exposure. Our investigation identified a high prevalence of new-onset sarcoidosis, and asthma among workers of a water damaged building with a history of indoor environmental quality complaints. Removal of all individuals from such environments until completion of building diagnostics, environmental sampling and complete remediation is a prudent measure when feasible. C1 [Laney, A. S.] NIOSH, Surveillance Branch DRDS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Laney, A. S.; Cragin, L. A.; Blevins, L. Z.; Sumner, A. D.; Moffatt, S. G.; Lohff, C. J.] Vermont Dept Hlth, Div Hlth Surveillance, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [Laney, A. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blevins, L. Z.] CDC, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Laney, AS (reprint author), NIOSH, Surveillance Branch DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS HG900, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aol4@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00564.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 395FY UT WOS:000262511200010 PM 19191928 ER PT J AU Ellison, JA Turmelle, AS Mendonca, MT Mccracken, GF Rupprecht, CE AF Ellison, J. A. Turmelle, A. S. Mendonca, M. T. Mccracken, G. F. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Interleukin 2 expression in the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Ellison, J. A.; Turmelle, A. S.; Mendonca, M. T.; Mccracken, G. F.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Univ Tennessee, Auburn Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ellisj1@auburn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E225 EP E225 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800895 ER PT J AU Moore, MS Jackson, FR Turmelle, AS Panasuk, BJ Mendonca, MT Rupprecht, CE Kunz, TH Mccracken, GF AF Moore, M. S. Jackson, F. R. Turmelle, A. S. Panasuk, B. J. Mendonca, M. T. Rupprecht, C. E. Kunz, T. H. Mccracken, G. F. TI Rabies Exposure, Relative Immune Function and Life-history Traits in the Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. EM mmoore@bu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E119 EP E119 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800472 ER PT J AU Pierik, FH Deddens, JA Burdorf, A Keizer-Schrama, SMPFD de Jong, FH Weber, RFA AF Pierik, Frank H. Deddens, James A. Burdorf, Alex Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M. P. F. de Muinck de Jong, Frank H. Weber, Rob F. A. TI Response: the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in cryptorchid boys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Pierik, Frank H.; Weber, Rob F. A.] Erasmus MC, Dept Androl, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Pierik, Frank H.; Burdorf, Alex] Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Deddens, James A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M. P. F. de Muinck] Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat Endocrinol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [de Jong, Frank H.] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Pierik, FH (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Androl, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM frank.pierik@tno.nl RI Burdorf, Alex/A-2226-2008 OI Burdorf, Alex/0000-0003-3129-2862 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 90 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00912.x PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 391IF UT WOS:000262226300011 ER PT J AU Parkinson, AJ Berner, J AF Parkinson, Alan J. Berner, James TI CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN THE ARCTIC: AN INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMERGING THREATS AND THE RESPONSE OF ARCTIC COMMUNITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 [Parkinson, Alan J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Berner, James] Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Parkinson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM ajp1@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBL PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 68 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 419FD UT WOS:000264203600010 PM 19331244 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Lumey, LH AF Kahn, Henry S. Graff, Mariaelisa Stein, Aryeh D. Lumey, L. H. TI A fingerprint marker from early gestation associated with diabetes in middle age: The Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Birth weight; body weights and measures; dermatoglyphics; diabetes mellitus; Dutch famine; embryonic and fetal development; Netherlands; organogenesis ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SUBSEQUENT RISK; PANCREAS; DISEASE; HEALTH; CELLS; REPLICATION; SEASONALITY; ADIPOSITY AB Background Fetal programming of diabetes might originate in early pregnancy when fingerprints are permanently established. The mean dermatoglyphic ridge count difference between fingertips 1 and 5 ('Md15') varies with the early prenatal environment. We hypothesized that Md15 would be associated with adult-onset diabetes. Methods We obtained Md15 from 577 Dutch adults (aged 58.9 years, SD 1.1) whose births in 1943-47 were documented in maternity records and from 260 of their same-sex siblings for whom birth weights were not available. Of these 837 participants, complete anthropometry and diabetes status (from history or glucose tolerance test) were obtained for 819. Results After adjustment for age, sex, parental diabetes and adult anthropometry, fingerprint Md15 was associated with prevalent diabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37 per 1 SD (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.84)]. This relationship held [OR = 1.40 (1.03-1.92)] for diabetic cases restricted to those recently diagnosed (within 7 years). In the birth series restricted to recently diagnosed cases, the mutually adjusted ORs were 1.34 (1.00-1.79) per SD of Md15 and 0.83 (0.62-1.10) per SD of birth weight. Further adjustments for maternal smoking, conception season or prenatal famine exposure in 1944-45 did not alter these estimates. Among 42 sibling pairs discordant for diabetes, the diabetic sibling had higher Md15 by 3.5 (0.6-6.3) after multi-variable adjustment. Conclusions Diabetes diagnosed at age 50+ years was associated with a fingerprint marker established in early gestation, irrespective of birth weight. Fingerprints may provide a useful tool to investigate prenatal developmental plasticity. C1 [Graff, Mariaelisa] E Carolina Univ, N Carolina Agromed Inst, Greenville, NC USA. [Graff, Mariaelisa] Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lumey, L. H.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Kahn, Henry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL067914, R01 HL067914]; NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD050924] NR 44 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1093/ije/dyn158 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404PB UT WOS:000263164400014 PM 18684786 ER PT J AU Doshi, S Khetsuriani, N Zakhashvili, K Baidoshvili, L Imnadze, P Uzicanin, A AF Doshi, Sucheta Khetsuriani, Nino Zakhashvili, Khatuna Baidoshvili, Levan Imnadze, Paata Uzicanin, Amra TI Ongoing measles and rubella transmission in Georgia, 2004-05: implications for the national and regional elimination efforts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Measles; rubella; outbreaks; Georgia ID VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; PROGRESS; SCHOOL AB Background In 2004-05, Georgia experienced large-scale concurrent measles and rubella outbreaks. We analysed measles and rubella epidemiology in Georgia to describe disease trends, determine the cause of the outbreaks, identify challenges to achieving disease elimination goals and propose interventions to overcome them. Methods We reviewed national measles and rubella surveillance and vaccination coverage data, focusing on the 2004-05 outbreaks, and conducted a measles vaccine effectiveness (VE) study using data from a 2004 school-based outbreak. Results Before 2004, the last large measles outbreak after measles vaccination was introduced (in 1966) in Georgia, was in 1988 (incidence rate, 36/100 000); the highest year for rubella was 1985 (110/100 000). During 2004-05, 8391 measles cases and 5151 rubella cases were reported (most of them diagnosed clinically). Of 358 suspected measles cases tested, 181 (51%) were positive for measles-IgM antibody; of 240 suspected rubella cases tested, 50 (21%) were positive for rubella-IgM antibody. Over 90% of measles cases were in persons born after 1979; 90% of rubella cases were in persons born after 1987. Approximately 41% of measles cases and 88% of rubella cases were unvaccinated. Estimated measles VE (51 vs 0 doses) was 86% (95% CI, 58-96%). Conclusions The outbreak likely resulted from failure to vaccinate rather than vaccine failure. Susceptible persons likely accumulated due to the long absence of large outbreaks and decreased coverage after the collapse of Soviet Union. To interrupt measles and rubella transmission in Georgia and achieve disease elimination goals by 2010, supplementary immunization activities should target children and young adults. C1 [Doshi, Sucheta; Uzicanin, Amra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Doshi, Sucheta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khetsuriani, Nino] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zakhashvili, Khatuna; Baidoshvili, Levan; Imnadze, Paata] Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Uzicanin, A (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM auzicanin@cdc.gov FU Global Immunization Division; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA FX Global Immunization Division; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1093/ije/dyn261 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404PB UT WOS:000263164400025 PM 19074954 ER PT J AU Burton, PR Hansell, AL Fortier, I Manolio, TA Khoury, MJ Little, J Elliott, P AF Burton, Paul R. Hansell, Anna L. Fortier, Isabel Manolio, Teri A. Khoury, Muin J. Little, Julian Elliott, Paul TI Size matters: just how big is BIG? Quantifying realistic sample size requirements for human genome epidemiology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human genome epidemiology; biobank; sample size; statistical power; simulation studies; measurement error; reliability; aetiological heterogeneity ID GENE-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; FACTOR-H POLYMORPHISM; WIDE ASSOCIATION; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; MACULAR DEGENERATION; COMPLEX DISEASES; COMMON DISEASES; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER AB Background Despite earlier doubts, a string of recent successes indicates that if sample sizes are large enough, it is possible-both in theory and in practice-to identify and replicate genetic associations with common complex diseases. But human genome epidemiology is expensive and, from a strategic perspective, it is still unclear what 'large enough' really means. This question has critical implications for governments, funding agencies, bioscientists and the tax-paying public. Difficult strategic decisions with imposing price tags and important opportunity costs must be taken. Methods Conventional power calculations for case-control studies disregard many basic elements of analytic complexity-e. g. errors in clinical assessment, and the impact of unmeasured aetiological determinants-and can seriously underestimate true sample size requirements. This article describes, and applies, a rigorous simulation-based approach to power calculation that deals more comprehensively with analytic complexity and has been implemented on the web as ESPRESSO: (www.p3gobservatory.org/powercalculator.htm). Results Using this approach, the article explores the realistic power profile of stand-alone and nested case-control studies in a variety of settings and provides a robust quantitative foundation for determining the required sample size both of individual biobanks and of large disease-based consortia. Despite universal acknowledgment of the importance of large sample sizes, our results suggest that contemporary initiatives are still, at best, at the lower end of the range of desirable sample size. Insufficient power remains particularly problematic for studies exploring gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. Discussion Sample size calculation must be both accurate and realistic, and we must continue to strengthen national and international cooperation in the design, conduct, harmonization and integration of studies in human genome epidemiology. C1 [Burton, Paul R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Burton, Paul R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Burton, Paul R.; Fortier, Isabel; Khoury, Muin J.; Little, Julian] Univ Montreal, P3G, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hansell, Anna L.; Elliott, Paul] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. [Fortier, Isabel] Univ Montreal, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Manolio, Teri A.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Little, Julian] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Burton, PR (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Adrian Bldg,Room 217,Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM pb51@le.ac.uk RI Burton, Paul/H-7527-2016 FU UK Biobank; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council; Department of Health; Scottish Executive and Northwest Regional Development Agency; European Union under the Framework 6 program; Wellcome Trust Intermediate Clinical Fellow [075883] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the steering committee of UK Biobank in encouraging and discussing the implications of this research. Initial power calculations were funded by UK Biobank from its joint funders: Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Department of Health, Scottish Executive and Northwest Regional Development Agency. This work was also supported as a central element of the research programmes of P 3 G ( the Public Population Project in Genomics) funded by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec, and PHOEBE ( Promoting Harmonization of Epidemiological Biobanks in Europe) funded by the European Union under the Framework 6 program. A. L. H. is a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Clinical Fellow ( grant number 075883). J.L. is a Canada Research Chair in Human Genome Epidemiology. The programme of methods research in genetic epidemiology in Leicester is funded in part by MRC Cooperative Grant G9806740. We wish to thank those who kindly provided us with advice and data: Gabriele Nagel, Sabine Rohrman, Bertrand Hemon, Paolo Vineis [ European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition ( EPIC)]; Peter Rothwell ( Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford); Joan Soriano, GlaxoSmithKline ( for estimates of UK COPD incidence) and the UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Imperial College London. NR 79 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1093/ije/dyn147 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404PB UT WOS:000263164400035 PM 18676414 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, ES Dhingra, S Li, C Strine, TW Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, G. Ford, E. S. Dhingra, S. Li, C. Strine, T. W. Mokdad, A. H. TI Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE anxiety; depression; psychiatric disorders; body mass index; obesity-related comorbidity; BRFSS ID NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; BINGE-EATING DISORDER; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LIFETIME MAJOR DEPRESSION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; GENERAL-POPULATION; OLDER-ADULTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases, most of which are associated with psychiatric disorders. We examined the associations of depression and anxiety with body mass index (BMI) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) and other psychosocial or lifestyle factors. Methods: We analyzed the data collected from 177 047 participants (aged >= 18 years) in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Current depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 diagnostic algorithm. Lifetime diagnoses of depression, anxiety and ORCs were self-reported. The prevalence of the three psychiatric disorders was age standardized to the 2000 US population. Multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios were computed to test associations of depression and anxiety with BMI using SUDAAN software. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of current depression, lifetime diagnosed depression and anxiety varied significantly by gender. Within each gender, the prevalence of the three psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in both men and women who were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)), in women who were overweight (BMI: 25-<30 kg/m(2)) or obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)), and in men who had class III obesity (BMI >= 40 kg/m(2)) than in those with a normal BMI (18.5 - <25 kg/m(2)). After adjusting for demographics, ORCs, lifestyle or psychosocial factors, compared with men with a normal BMI, men with a BMI >= 40 kg/m(2) were significantly more likely to have current depression or lifetime diagnosed depression and anxiety; men with a BMI<18.5 kg/m(2) were also significantly more likely to have lifetime diagnosed depression. Women who were either overweight or obese were significantly more likely than women with a normal BMI to have all the three psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that disparities in the prevalence of depression and anxiety exist among people with different BMI levels independent of their disease status or other psychosocial or lifestyle factors. C1 [Zhao, G.; Ford, E. S.; Dhingra, S.; Li, C.; Strine, T. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, A. H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhao, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.268 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 407JU UT WOS:000263360200010 PM 19125163 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, David V. TI Three challenges for the social determinants of health pursuit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McQueen, David V.] CDC, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McQueen, David V.] Univ Edinburgh, Res Unit Hlth & Behav Change, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPH, Off Director MS K40, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dvmcqueen@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s00038-008-8167-x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403IT UT WOS:000263077000001 PM 19190980 ER PT J AU Lonnroth, K Holtz, TH Cobelens, F Chua, J van Leth, F Tupasi, T Williams, B AF Loennroth, K. Holtz, T. H. Cobelens, F. Chua, J. van Leth, F. Tupasi, T. Williams, B. TI Inclusion of information on risk factors, socio-economic status and health seeking in a tuberculosis prevalence survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; prevalence survey; risk factors; socio-economic status; health-seeking ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; HIV; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE; TRENDS; BURDEN AB Data on socio-economic status, exposure to risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) and previous health-secking for TB may be included in a TB prevalence survey to gain better knowledge about the distribution of TB in the population as well as a better understanding of what factors are driving the TB epidemic in a given setting. This article provides an overview of how such additional information may be collected. The article highlights the need to carefully consider the risk of jeopardising the quality of the overall survey by overburdening it with additional data collection, and concludes that additional time and resources for planning, training, logistics and supervision are required to safeguard quality. The article also discusses special considerations regarding sampling, sample size and data interpretation when including such information in a TB prevalence survey. C1 [Loennroth, K.; Williams, B.] WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Holtz, T. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cobelens, F.; van Leth, F.] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Cobelens, F.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Infect & Immun, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chua, J.; Tupasi, T.] Trop Dis Fdn, Manila, Philippines. RP Lonnroth, K (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM lonnrothk@who.int RI Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014; OI Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240; van Leth, Frank/0000-0002-5490-8968 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200004 PM 19146743 ER PT J AU Kanara, N Cain, KP Chhum, V Eng, B Kim, S Keo, S Heller, TA Varma, JK AF Kanara, N. Cain, K. P. Chhum, V. Eng, B. Kim, S. Keo, S. Heller, T. A. Varma, J. K. TI Association between distance to HIV testing site and uptake of HIV testing for tuberculosis patients in Cambodia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Cambodia; epidemiology; HIV ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COTE-DIVOIRE; THAILAND; TB; PROPHYLAXIS; MORTALITY; ABIDJAN; CLINICS; COUNTS; CARE AB SETTING: Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia. OBJECTIVE: Cambodia has the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Asia. Not all TB patients are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We assessed the association between distance to HIV testing facility and HIV testing rates. METHODS: We analyzed data on TB patients from 11 clinics to determine the proportion tested for HIV infection. We categorized each TB clinic as having a voluntary confidential counseling and testing (VCCT) center onsite, or being at < 15 min, 15-30 min or >30 min driving distance to the nearest VCCT. RESULTS: Of 1017TB patients not previously tested for HIV, 708 (70%) were tested. Of 481 TB patients without onsite VCCT, 297 (62%) were tested, compared to 410 (77%) of 535 TB patients with onsite VCCT (RR 0.6,95%CI 0.5-0.7). When the VCCT site was >15 min from the TB clinic, HIV testing occurred only half as frequently as when onsite VCCT was available. CONCLUSION: TB patients treated at clinics without onsite or nearby HIV testing are less commonly tested for HIV infection. Making HIV testing available to TB patients without the necessity of traveling to a distant HIV testing site is likely to increase HIV testing rates. C1 [Kanara, N.; Eng, B.; Heller, T. A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Global AIDS Program Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Cain, K. P.; Varma, J. K.] US CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chhum, V.; Eng, B.; Kim, S.; Keo, S.] Banteay Meanchey Prov Hlth Dept, Sereysophon, Cambodia. [Varma, J. K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development FX The authors thank the United States Agency for International Development for funding this project. They also thank the Binteay Meanchey TB and HIV staff for their work with patient care and data collection, and C Ciesielski, J Neal, E McCray, and P LoBue for their review of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200013 PM 19146752 ER PT J AU Kapella, BK Anuwatnonthakate, A Komsakorn, S Moolphate, S Charusuntonsri, P Limsomboon, P Wattanaamornkiat, W Nateniyom, S Varma, JK AF Kapella, B. K. Anuwatnonthakate, A. Komsakorn, S. Moolphate, S. Charusuntonsri, P. Limsomboon, P. Wattanaamornkiat, W. Nateniyom, S. Varma, J. K. TI Directly observed treatment is associated with reduced default among foreign tuberculosis patients in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; migrants; default; Thailand ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; OBSERVED TREATMENT DOT; PROPENSITY SCORES AB SETTING: Thailand's Tuberculosis (TB) Active Surveillance Network in four provinces in Thailand. OBJECTIVE: As treatment default is common in mobile and foreign populations, we evaluated risk factors for default among non-Thai TB patients in Thailand. DESIGN: Observational cohort study using TB program data. Analysis was restricted to patients with an outcome categorized as cured, completed, failure or default. We used multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with default, including propensity score analysis, to adjust for factors associated with receiving directly observed treatment (DOT). RESULTS: During October 2004-September 2006, we recorded data for 14359 TB patients, of whom 995 (7%) were non-Thais. Of the 791 patients analyzed, 313 (40%) defaulted. In multivariate analysis, age >= 45 years (RR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25-1.74), mobility (RR 2.36, 95%CI 1.77-3.14) and lack of DOT (RR 2.29, 95%CI 1.453.61) were found to be significantly associated with default among non-Thais. When controlling for propensity to be assigned DOT, the risk of default remained increased in those not assigned DOT (RR 1.99, 95%CI 1.03-3.85). CONCLUSION: In non-Thai TB patients, DOT was the only modifiable factor associated with default. Using DOT may help improve TB treatment outcomes in non-Thai TB patients. C1 [Kapella, B. K.; Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Anuwatnonthakate, A.; Nateniyom, S.; Varma, J. K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Komsakorn, S.] Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Mai, Thailand. [Moolphate, S.] Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. [Charusuntonsri, P.] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Limsomboon, P.] Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. [Wattanaamornkiat, W.] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. RP Kapella, BK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bkapella@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors wish to thank the United States Agency for International Development for funding this project. Additional funding was provided by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200014 PM 19146753 ER PT J AU Umble, KE Brooks, J Lowman, A Malison, M Huong, NT Iademarco, M Laserson, K AF Umble, K. E. Brooks, J. Lowman, A. Malison, M. Huong, N. T. Iademarco, M. Laserson, K. TI Management training in Vietnam's National Tuberculosis Program: an impact evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; training programs; total quality management; program evaluation; Vietnam ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; SOUTH-AFRICA; CAPACITY; INTERVENTION; ACADEMY; TRIAL; INDIA; CARE AB SETTING: National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Vietnam. OBJECTIVES: To show how the Sustainable Management Development Program (SMDP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created capacity within Vietnam's NTP to organize a management training program, and to assess the influence of the NTP's incountry training program on individual and team management practices and the performance of provincial TB control programs. DESIGN: Eight case studies of participating provincial TB organizations, including cross-case and content analysis. RESULTS: Participants and their back-home learning project teams demonstrated a solid understanding of the concepts taught, particularly evidence-based decision making, problem diagnosis and problem solving, and using teamwork to improve results. They gave multiple examples of how they use these concepts in their daily work. Project teams exceeded, attained or very nearly attained their target objectives, including improved DOTS implementation. Process improvements had become a routine part of their practice and were often diffused to other districts. Several teams said they now took more initiative in identifying problems and devising solutions. Others said that increased teamwork was improving the commitment of the NTP staff. CONCLUSION: Management training, including applied projects with coaching, can improve managerial and program performance of NTPs. C1 [Umble, K. E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Brooks, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Sustainable Management Dev Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lowman, A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Malison, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Thailand Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Huong, N. T.] Vietnam Natl TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Iademarco, M.] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Laserson, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Umble, KE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM umble@email.unc.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 7 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200015 PM 19146754 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Lan, NTN Huyen, MNT Laserson, K Iademarco, MF Binkin, N Wells, C Varma, JK AF Shah, N. S. Lan, N. T. N. Huyen, M. N. T. Laserson, K. Iademarco, M. F. Binkin, N. Wells, C. Varma, J. K. TI Validation of the line-probe assay for rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; rifampicin resistance; rpoB ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; COUNTRIES; COMPLEX; SOUTH AB BACKGROUND: Delays in identifying multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) contribute to higher TB morbidity and mortality, and ongoing transmission. The line-probe assay (LiPA) is a rapid, commercially available polymerase chain reaction based assay that detects most mutations in the rpoB gene for rifampicin (RMP) resistance. We validated and compared this assay with conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: We re-cultured a random sample of stored isolates known to be either RMP-resistant or RMP-susceptible according to DST (proportion method). We performed a blinded comparison between LiPA and conventional DST. Genetic sequencing of the rpoB gene was performed on RMP-resistant isolates and discordant results. RESULTS: We tested 79 RMP-resistant and 64 RMP-susceptible strains. Concordance of LiPA with DST was 94%. For detecting RMP resistance, LiPA sensitivity was 90% and specificity was 100%. Molecular analysis of possible false-negative isolates by LiPA revealed an absence of mutations in the rpoB gene. RMP resistance was a good proxy for MDR-TB, as 66 (93%) of 71. RMP-resistant isolates were also isoniazid-resistant. CONCLUSION: The LiPA provided rapid results that were highly predictive of RMP resistance and MDR-TB. False-negatives occurred, but only among isolates with mutations in regions not assessed by LiPA. Performance and cost-effectiveness should be evaluated in patients during routine program conditions. C1 [Shah, N. S.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Shah, N. S.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Shah, N. S.; Laserson, K.; Iademarco, M. F.; Binkin, N.; Wells, C.; Varma, J. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lan, N. T. N.; Huyen, M. N. T.] Pham Ngoc Thach Hosp TB & Lung Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shah, NS (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM sshah@montefiore.org FU Hospital for Tropical Diseases; United States Agency for International Development FX The authors thank the staff at Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, the Wellcome Trust clinic at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, and patients and families who participated in this study. Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development and LiPAs were provided free of charge by Innogenctics, Inc. Neither organization was involved in stud), design; in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in writing of the report; or in the decision to Submit the paper for publication. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200016 PM 19146755 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Sinthuwattanawibool, C Rienthong, S Varma, JK AF Sohn, H. Sinthuwattanawibool, C. Rienthong, S. Varma, J. K. TI Fluorescence microscopy is less expensive than Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Thailand; cost; microscopy; diagnosis; fluorescence; Ziehl-Neelsen ID TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy is the primary method for acid-fast bacilli examination in resource-limited settings, including Thailand. Despite its considerably improved diagnostic performance, conventional fluorescent microscopy (FM) is rarely used due to its perceived high cost. An evaluation in Thailand found that the total cost of FM operated in the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) in Bangkok, Thailand, is similar to that of ZN performed in the NTRL and in four regional Thai laboratories. FM is therefore a cost-effective alternative to ZN in resource-limited settings. C1 [Sinthuwattanawibool, C.; Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Rienthong, S.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), US Embassy Beijing, CDC Sect, 55 An Jia Lou Rd, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. EM jvarma@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX The authors thank the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for funding this project. Additional funding was provided by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sonic authors of this publication are employed by US CDC. USAID was not involved in the design, analysis or writing of this manuscript. The findings and Conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 266 EP 268 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 396EE UT WOS:000262574200019 PM 19146758 ER PT J AU Holtgrave, DR Hall, HI Rhodes, PH Wolitski, RJ AF Holtgrave, David R. Hall, H. Irene Rhodes, Philip H. Wolitski, Richard J. TI Updated Annual HIV Transmission Rates in the United States, 1977-2006 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID CONTROLLED-TRIALS; BEHAVIOR C1 [Holtgrave, David R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hall, H. Irene; Rhodes, Philip H.; Wolitski, Richard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holtgrave, DR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 400OU UT WOS:000262878700019 PM 19198036 ER PT J AU Gavin, L Catalano, R David-Ferdon, C Gloppen, K Markham, C AF Gavin, Lorrie Catalano, Richard David-Ferdon, Corinne Gloppen, Kari Markham, Christine TI POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS THAT PROMOTE ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gavin, Lorrie; David-Ferdon, Corinne; Gloppen, Kari] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Catalano, Richard] Univ Washington, Social Dev Res Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Markham, Christine] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 MA 5 BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 406BN UT WOS:000263270100029 ER PT J AU Habel, MA Dittus, PJ De Rosa, CJ Chung, EQ Kerndt, PR AF Habel, Melissa A. Dittus, Patricia J. De Rosa, Christine J. Chung, Emily Q. Kerndt, Peter R. TI JUST DO IT. DAILY SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND STUDENTS' SEXUAL ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Habel, Melissa A.; Dittus, Patricia J.; Kerndt, Peter R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [De Rosa, Christine J.; Chung, Emily Q.] Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kerndt, Peter R.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 MA 5 BP S7 EP S8 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 406BN UT WOS:000263270100017 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, P Deye, GJ Baron, PA AF Kulkarni, Pramod Deye, Gregory J. Baron, Paul A. TI Bipolar diffusion charging characteristics of single-wall carbon nanotube aerosol particles SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Single-wall carbon nanotubes; Diffusion charging ID PULMONARY TOXICITY; CAPACITANCE; EXPOSURE; SPHERES; RANGE; MICE AB Bipolar diffusion charging characteristics of airborne single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) agglomerates were investigated in the mobility diameter range of 100-1000 nm. Neutral fractions of three types of SWCNT aerosols following bipolar charge equilibrium in a radioactive source were experimentally measured to infer their electrical charging characteristics. Significant deviation from Boltzmann and Fuchs stationary charge equilibrium was observed, with neutral fractions of SWCNT particles lower by 30-53% compared to that of spherical particles of the same mobility. Particles with mobility diameter larger than 400 nm showed high electrical charging efficiencies compared to that of mobility-equivalent spherical particles. Higher charging efficiencies of SWCNT particles were attributed to their higher electrical capacitance resulting from complex nonspherical morphologies. Numerical calculations using idealized fiber geometries confirmed the qualitative trend in the experimental data. The electrical capacitance of nanotubes particles deduced from experimentally measured neutral fractions were also found to be higher by a factor ranging from 1.6 to 4.6 compared to that of mobility-equivalent spherical particles, indicating high charge carrying capacity. The charging-equivalent diameters of nanotube particles were computed and were found to be higher than their mobility diameter by a factor of 2.85-4.34. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kulkarni, Pramod; Deye, Gregory J.; Baron, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45225 USA. RP Kulkarni, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R-3, Cincinnati, OH 45225 USA. EM PSKulkarni@cdc.gov FU NIOSH [CAN 927Z2MK]; NORA program [CAN 927ZBCQ] FX This work was supported by funding from NIOSH (CAN 927Z2MK) and NORA program (CAN 927ZBCQ). PK thanks Dr. Lee Turkevich for the insightful discussion on the experimental results. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this abstract have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.09.008 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411AI UT WOS:000263619100007 ER PT J AU de Leon, CFM Cagney, KA Bienias, JL Barnes, LL Skarupski, KA Scherr, PA Evans, DA AF de Leon, Carlos F. Mendes Cagney, Kathleen A. Bienias, Julia L. Barnes, Lisa L. Skarupski, Kimberly A. Scherr, Paul A. Evans, Denis A. TI Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Disorder in Relation to Walking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults A Multilevel Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aging; neighborhood conditions; walking; physical activity; multilevel models ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ALAMEDA COUNTY; ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; WOMEN; AREA; DETERMINANTS; CONVENIENCE; POPULATION; DISABILITY AB Objectives: To examine the role of neighborhood social conditions and walking in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A multi-level analysis of data from 4,317 older adults (mean age = 74.5; 73% black) from a geographically-defined urban community. Participants completed structured interviews including 14 questions on neighborhood conditions and self-reported walking. The neighborhood questions were summarized into individual-level measures of perceived neighborhood social cohesion and disorder. These measures were aggregated by neighborhood to construct neighborhood-level measures of social cohesion and disorder. Results: Neighborhood-level disorder, but not social cohesion, was significantly associated with walking, independent individual-level neighborhood perceptions and other correlates of walking. Further adjustment for race weakened this association to a marginally significant level. Discussion: Neighborhood conditions may shape walking behavior in older adults, especially conditions that reflect physical neglect or social threat. Promotion of walking behavior in older adults may require improvement of the safety and upkeep of the neighborhood environment. C1 [de Leon, Carlos F. Mendes; Bienias, Julia L.; Barnes, Lisa L.; Skarupski, Kimberly A.; Evans, Denis A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Cagney, Kathleen A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Scherr, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP de Leon, CFM (reprint author), Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM cmendes@rush.edu NR 52 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0898-2643 J9 J AGING HEALTH JI J. Aging Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1177/0898264308328650 PG 17 WC Gerontology; Health Policy & Services SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 399QL UT WOS:000262814300007 ER PT J AU Crocker, DD Hopkins, D Kinyota, S Dumitru, G Herman, E Ligon, C AF Crocker, D. D. Hopkins, D. Kinyota, S. Dumitru, G. Herman, E. Ligon, C. TI A Systematic Review of Home-Based Multi-Trigger Multi-Component Environmental Interventions to Reduce Asthma Morbidity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Crocker, D. D.; Hopkins, D.; Kinyota, S.; Dumitru, G.; Herman, E.; Ligon, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 63 BP S20 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.091 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300074 ER PT J AU Morrison-Carpenter, T Callahan, D Moorman, J Bailey, C AF Morrison-Carpenter, T. Callahan, D. Moorman, J. Bailey, C. TI National Survey of Adult Asthma Prevalence by Urban-Rural Residence-United States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Morrison-Carpenter, T.; Callahan, D.; Moorman, J.; Bailey, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 52 BP S18 EP S18 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.080 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300063 ER PT J AU Schmechel, D Ruwona, TB Hettick, JM Janotka, E Blachere, FM Beezhold, DH Siegel, PD AF Schmechel, D. Ruwona, T. B. Hettick, J. M. Janotka, E. Blachere, F. M. Beezhold, D. H. Siegel, P. D. TI The Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)-conjugated Proteins SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Schmechel, D.; Ruwona, T. B.; Hettick, J. M.; Janotka, E.; Blachere, F. M.; Beezhold, D. H.; Siegel, P. D.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 572 BP S150 EP S150 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.560 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301045 ER PT J AU Cao, YM Mauger, DT Pelkman, CL Zhao, GX Townsend, SM Kris-Etherton, PM AF Cao, Yumei Mauger, David T. Pelkman, Christine L. Zhao, Guixiang Townsend, Stacie M. Kris-Etherton, Penny M. TI Effects of moderate (MF) versus lower fat (LF) diets on lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of clinical trials in subjects with and without diabetes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHD; Diabetes; Lipid and lipoproteins; Lower-fat diets; Meta-analysis; Moderate-fat diets ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CORONARY-ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; ACID-ENRICHED-DIET; MONOUNSATURATED-FAT; HEALTHY-MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL CONCENTRATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia increases coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and often presents in diabetes, which amplifies risk of CHD. Lower fill (LF) diets increase triglyceride (TG) and decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); moderate fat (MF) diets decrease TG and lower HDL-C less. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the magnitude of lipid and lipoprotein responses to MF versus LF cholesterol-lowering weight maintenance diets ill Subjects with and without diabetes. METHODS: A meta-analysis of 30 controlled-feeding studies (n = 1213 subjects) was conducted to evaluate LF versus MF diets on lipids and lipoproteins in subjects with and without diabetes. RESULTS: In all Subjects, MF and LF diets decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) similarly. MF diets decreased HDL-C less versus LF diets. The estimated increase in HDL-C after MF diets versus LF diets was 2.28 mg/dL (95% confidence interval 1.66 to 2.90 mg/dL, P<.0001). MF diets decreased TG, whereas LF diets increased TG. The decrease in TG was -9.36 mg/dL (-12.16 to -6.08 mg/dL, P<.00001) for MF versus I-F diets. In Subjects with diabetes, there was a similar increase in HDL-C (2.28 mg/dL) versus subjects without diabetes however, there was it greater reduction in TG (-24.79 mg/dL, P<.05) on the MF diet. Subjects with diabetes had greater reductions in the total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C ratio (TC:HDL-C) (-0.62, P<.0001) and non-HDL-C (-5.39%, P<.06) after MF versus LF diets. CONCLUSIONS: Both men and women had greater estimated reductions (6.37% and 9.34%, respectively) in predicted CHD risk after MF diets compared to LF diets. Moreover, based oil greater reductions in TG, the TC:HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C in subjects with diabetes. the CHD risk reduction Would be greater fora MF versus a LF weight maintenance, cholesterol-lowering diet. (C) 2009 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Yumei; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kris-Etherton, Penny M.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mauger, David T.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Pelkman, Christine L.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Zhao, Guixiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Townsend, Stacie M.] Fairfax Hosp, INOVA, Nutr Serv Dept, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. RP Kris-Etherton, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pmk3@psu.edu NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1933-2874 J9 J CLIN LIPIDOL JI J. Clin. Lipidol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.12.008 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 464VT UT WOS:000267537200005 PM 21291785 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Emery, SL Spiegel, CA Bradford, PA Eells, S Endimiani, A Bonomo, RA McGowan, JE AF Tenover, Fred C. Emery, Shannon L. Spiegel, Carol A. Bradford, Patricia A. Eells, Samantha Endimiani, Andrea Bonomo, Robert A. McGowan, John E., Jr. TI Identification of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC beta-Lactamases in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus Species Can Potentially Improve Reporting of Cephalosporin Susceptibility Testing Results SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED-SPECTRUM; PNEUMONIAE BACTEREMIA; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CEFEPIME; RESISTANT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFPIROME; THERAPY; SURVEILLANCE AB The goal of this study was to determine if the interpretations of extended-spectrum and advanced-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs and ASCs, respectively) for isolates of Enterobacteriaceae would be impacted by the results of aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) testing. Fifty-three isolates of Escherichia coli, 21 Klebsiella species, and 6 Proteus species that were resistant to at least one ESC were tested by disk diffusion with ceftazidime and cefotetan disks with and without APBA. Ceftazidime disks with and without clavulanic acid (CLAV) were also tested to confirm extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) carriage. Twenty-nine (36.3%) isolates were only APBA test positive, 27 were only CLAV test positive, 2 were positive with both substrates, and 22 were negative with both substrates. Thirteen (41.9%) of the 31 APBA-test-positive isolates (all E. coli) tested susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. Since clinical data suggest that AmpC-producing isolates should be reported as resistant to all ESCs, APBA testing can be helpful in identifying such organisms. Screening for AmpC-producing organisms using nonsusceptibility to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanate was less specific than APBA testing; it identified ESBL as well as AmpC-producing organisms. Only 18 of 31 APBA-positive isolates were positive by PCR for an AmpC beta-lactamase gene. Thus, testing with APBA could improve the accuracy of reporting ESCs, especially for E. coli. However, results of APBA and CLAV testing did not correlate well for isolates containing both AmpC beta-lactamases and ESBLs. Thus, additional data are needed before formal recommendations can be made on changing the reporting of ASC test results. C1 [Emery, Shannon L.; Eells, Samantha; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Spiegel, Carol A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI 53792 USA. [Bradford, Patricia A.] Wyeth Ayerst Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. [Endimiani, Andrea; Bonomo, Robert A.] Louis Stokes Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmcgowa@sph.emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 FU Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University; Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington; Elan Pharmaceuticals, San Diego; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development; Pfizer Incorporated, New York, NY; 3 M Health Care Products; AstraZeneca; VISN 10 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC); Merit Review Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs; National Institutes of Health [R01 AI063517- 01] FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1128/JCM.01797-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 402QW UT WOS:000263029200002 PM 19036936 ER PT J AU Jannat-Khah, DP Halsey, ES Lasker, BA Steigerwalt, AG Hinrikson, HP Brown, JM AF Jannat-Khah, Deanna P. Halsey, Eric S. Lasker, Brent A. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Hinrikson, Hans P. Brown, June M. TI Gordonia araii Infection Associated with an Orthopedic Device and Review of the Literature on Medical Device-Associated Gordonia Infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATHETER-RELATED BACTEREMIA; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; PATIENT; POLYISOPRENIVORANS; ENDOCARDITIS; TERRAE; GENE AB Gordonia infections in humans are rare and usually affect immunocompromised patients. We present the first case of Gordonia araii infection associated with a medical device in an immunocompetent patient. Sequencing was required for conclusive identification. We compared our case to the 16 Gordonia species-associated medical device infections reported to date. C1 [Jannat-Khah, Deanna P.; Lasker, Brent A.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Hinrikson, Hans P.; Brown, June M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Halsey, Eric S.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mailstop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmb6@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1128/JCM.01504-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 402QW UT WOS:000263029200040 PM 19109476 ER PT J AU Goodman, M Almon, L Bayakly, R Butler, S Crosby, C DiIorio, C Ekwueme, D Fletcher, D Fowler, J Gillespie, T Glanz, K Hall, I Lee, J Liff, J Lipscomb, J Pollack, LA Richardson, LC Roberts, P Steenland, K Ward, K AF Goodman, Michael Almon, Lyn Bayakly, Rana Butler, Susan Crosby, Carol DiIorio, Colleen Ekwueme, Donatus Fletcher, Diane Fowler, John Gillespie, Theresa Glanz, Karen Hall, Ingrid Lee, Judith Liff, Jonathan Lipscomb, Joseph Pollack, Lori A. Richardson, Lisa C. Roberts, Phillip Steenland, Kyle Ward, Kevin TI Cancer Outcomes Research in a Rural Area: A Multi-Institution Partnership Model SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Cancer; Rural population; Outcomes research; Partnership ID DEEP SOUTH NETWORK; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PROSTATE-CANCER; HEALTH DISPARITIES; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; LEGACY; MEN AB Whereas, most cancer research data come from high-profile academic centers, little is known about the outcomes of cancer care in rural communities. We summarize the experience of building a multi-institution partnership to develop a cancer outcomes research infrastructure in Southwest Georgia (SWGA), a primarily rural 33-county area with over 700,000 residents. The partnership includes eight institutions: the Emory University in Atlanta, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Georgia Comprehensive Center Registry (the Registry), the Southwest Georgia Cancer Coalition (the Coalition), and the four community cancer centers located within the SWGA region. The practical application of the partnership model, its organizational structure, and lessons learned are presented using two specific examples: a study evaluating treatment decisions and quality of life among prostate cancer patients, and a study of treatment discontinuation among prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients. Our partnership model allowed us to (1) use the Coalition as a link between Atlanta-based researchers and local community; (2) collaborate with the area cancer centers on day-to-day study activities; (3) involve the Registry personnel and resources to identify eligible cancer cases and to perform data collection; and (4) raise community awareness and sense of study ownership through media announcements organized by the Coalition. All of the above activities were performed in consultation with the funding institution (CDC) and its project directors who oversee several other studies addressing similar research questions throughout the country. Our partnership model may provide a useful framework for cancer outcomes research projects in rural communities. C1 [Goodman, Michael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fletcher, Diane; Roberts, Phillip] SW Georgia Canc Coalit Inc, Albany, GA 31701 USA. [Almon, Lyn; Bayakly, Rana; Crosby, Carol; Fowler, John; Ward, Kevin] Georgia Comprehens Canc Registry, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Gillespie, Theresa] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ekwueme, Donatus; Hall, Ingrid; Lee, Judith; Pollack, Lori A.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Goodman, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mgoodm2@sph.emory.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP 000043, U48 DP000043]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025008] NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10900-008-9123-7 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394GO UT WOS:000262434200004 PM 18850070 ER PT J AU Wen, XJ Balluz, L Mokdad, A AF Wen, Xiao-Jun Balluz, Lina Mokdad, Ali TI Association Between Media Alerts of Air Quality Index and Change of Outdoor Activity Among Adult Asthma in Six States, BRFSS, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Media alerts; Air quality index; Adult asthma; Outdoor activity ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; POLLUTION; ADMISSIONS; CHILDREN; VISITS AB Media alerts of air quality index (AQI) were designed to inform the public the need to avoid harmful air pollution by changing their outdoor activities. The relationship between AQI media alerts and change in outdoor activities among people with asthma is unknown. Our objective is to examine this relationship. Data were analyzed in a cross-sectional study from 33,888 adults, in six states, who responded to the questions in the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) about reductions/changes in outdoor activity. The prevalence of change in outdoor activity due to media alerts was 31% among adults with lifetime asthma and 16% without asthma. The prevalence of outdoor activity change increased to 75% among those with lifetime asthma and to 68% without asthma, when the combined the effects of media alerts and individual perception were examined. The odds of activity change based on the media alerts was 2.30 (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.16, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.61, 2.90) among those with lifetime asthma and 1.72 (aO R = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.98) without asthma, compared to those unaware of media alerts, after adjustment for demographic variables and covariates. This study shows that awareness of media alerts as well as health professional advice may be associated with reported changes in outdoor activities. Therefore, along with consistent efforts to improve the air quality, government agencies, health professionals, and community leaders should implement measures to effectively inform the public about air quality and educate them to take appropriate actions accordingly. C1 [Wen, Xiao-Jun] CITS, Northrop Grumman Informat Technol BCA, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Balluz, Lina; Mokdad, Ali] CDC, DACH, NCCD, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wen, XJ (reprint author), CITS, Northrop Grumman Informat Technol BCA, 3375 NE Expressway,Koger Ctr,Harvard Bldg,MS E-65, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tzw4@cdc.gov; lballuz@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10900-008-9126-4 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394GO UT WOS:000262434200006 PM 18821001 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Calafat, AM Doerge, DR Umbach, DM Bernbaum, JC Twaddle, NC Ye, XY Rogan, WJ AF Cao, Yang Calafat, Antonia M. Doerge, Daniel R. Umbach, David M. Bernbaum, Judy C. Twaddle, Nathan C. Ye, Xiaoyun Rogan, Walter J. TI Isoflavones in urine, saliva, and blood of infants: data from a pilot study on the estrogenic activity of soy formula SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoestrogen; isoflavone; genistein; daidzein; infant feeding; soy formula ID HUMAN-MILK; PHYTOESTROGENS; GENISTEIN; DAIDZEIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; CONSUMPTION; EXCRETION; EXPOSURE; PROTEIN; PLASMA AB In the United States, about 25% of infant formula sold is based on soy protein, which is an important source of estrogenic isoflavones in the human food supply. Nevertheless, few studies report isoflavone levels in infants. We did a partly cross-sectional and partly longitudinal pilot study to examine children's exposure to isoflavones from different feeding methods. A total of 166 full-term infants between birth and 1 year of age were recruited into soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk regimens according to their feeding histories. A total of 381 urine, 361 saliva, and 88 blood samples were collected at 382 visits. We used automated online solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for measuring three isoflavones ( daidzein, genistein, and equol) in urine, and used similar LC/MS/MS techniques for saliva and blood spots. Concentrations of daidzein and genistein were undetectable in most blood or saliva samples from children fed breast milk or cow milk formula. The proportion of non-detectable values was somewhat lower in urine than in the other matrices. Concentrations of equol were detectable only in a few urine samples. For both daidzein and genistein, urine contained the highest median concentrations, followed by blood and then saliva. Urinary concentrations of genistein and daidzein were about 500 times higher in the soy formula-fed infants than in the cow milk formula-fed infants. The correlations between matrices for either analyte were strikingly lower than the correlation between the two analytes in any single matrix. We did not find significant correlations between isoflavone concentrations and the levels of certain hormones in children fed soy formula. Our results, based on much larger numbers of infants, strongly confirm previous reports, but whether phytoestrogens in soy formula are biologically active in infants is still an open question. We plan further longitudinal studies focusing on physical and developmental findings reflecting the effects of estrogen exposure. C1 [Cao, Yang; Rogan, Walter J.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Doerge, Daniel R.; Twaddle, Nathan C.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Umbach, David M.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bernbaum, Judy C.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Rogan, WJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05,FedEx UPS 111 TW Alexa, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rogan@niehs.nih.gov RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 31 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 8 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.44 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 395CT UT WOS:000262500600007 PM 18665197 ER PT J AU Cates, SC Muth, MK Karns, SA Penne, MA Stone, CN Harrison, JE Radke, VJ AF Cates, Sheryl C. Muth, Mary K. Karns, Shawn A. Penne, Michael A. Stone, Carmily N. Harrison, Judy E. Radke, Vincent J. TI Certified Kitchen Managers: Do They Improve Restaurant Inspection Outcomes? SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD SAFETY; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; COUNTY; CERTIFICATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; HANDLERS; DISEASE; SITES AB Restaurants are associated with a significant number of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States. Certification of kitchen managers through an accredited training and testing program may help improve food safety practices and thus prevent foodborne illness. In this study, relationships between the results of routine restaurant inspections and the presence of a certified kitchen manager (CKM) were examined. We analyzed data for 4,461 restaurants in Iowa that were inspected during 2005 and 2006 (8,338 total inspections). Using logistic regression analysis, we modeled the outcome variable (0 = no critical violations [CVs]; 1 = one or more CVs) as a function of presence or absence of a CKM and other explanatory variables. We estimated separate models for seven inspection categories. Restaurants with a CKM present during inspection were less likely to have a CV for personnel (P < 0.01), food source or handling (P < 0.01), facility or equipment requirements (P < 0.05), ware-washing (P < 0.10), and other operations (P < 0.10). However, restaurants with a CKM present during inspection were equally likely to have a CV for temperature or time control and plumbing, water, or sewage as were restaurants without a CKM present. Analyses by type of violation within the temperature and time control category revealed that restaurants with a CKM present during inspection were less likely to have a CV for hot holding (P < 0.05), but the presence of a CKM did not affect other types of temperature and time control violations. Our analyses suggest that the presence of a CKM is protective for most types of CVs, and we identify areas for improving training of CKMs. C1 [Cates, Sheryl C.; Muth, Mary K.; Karns, Shawn A.; Penne, Michael A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stone, Carmily N.] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Environm Hlth Serv, Div Environm Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Harrison, Judy E.] Iowa Dept Inspect & Appeals, Food & Consumer Safety Bur, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Radke, Vincent J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cates, SC (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM scc@rti.org RI Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 72 IS 2 BP 384 EP 391 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 404XQ UT WOS:000263186700020 PM 19350984 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TT Liao, Y Gildengorin, G Tsoh, J Bui-Tong, N McPhee, SJ AF Nguyen, Tung T. Liao, Youlian Gildengorin, Ginny Tsoh, Janice Bui-Tong, Ngoc McPhee, Stephen J. TI Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Knowledge of Symptoms Among Vietnamese Americans SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Vietnamese; Asian; cardiovascular disease; epidemiology; disparities ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OPTIMAL CUTOFF POINTS; ASIAN-AMERICANS; CHINESE ADULTS; CALIFORNIA; CANCER; WOMEN; SMOKING; HEALTH; BREAST AB There are few population-based studies of cardiovascular risk factors, knowledge, and related behaviors among Vietnamese Americans. To describe cardiovascular risk factors, knowledge, and related behaviors among Vietnamese Americans and compare the results to non-Hispanic whites. Comparison of data from two population-based, cross-sectional telephone surveys. Vietnamese Americans in Santa Clara County, California, and non-Hispanic whites in California, aged 18 and older. Survey measures included sociodemographics, diagnoses, body mass index, fruit and vegetable intake, exercise, and tobacco use. Knowledge of symptoms of heart attack and stroke was collected for Vietnamese Americans. Compared to non-Hispanic whites (n = 19,324), Vietnamese Americans (n = 4,254) reported lower prevalences of obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, and similar prevalences of stroke and hypercholesterolemia. Fewer Vietnamese Americans consumed fruits and vegetables five or more times daily (27.8% vs 16.3%, p < 0.05), and more reported no moderate or vigorous physical activity (12.1% vs 40.1%, p < 0.05). More Vietnamese men than non-Hispanic White men were current smokers (29.8% vs 19.0%, p < 0.05). Vietnamese Americans who spoke Vietnamese were more likely than those who spoke English to eat fruits and vegetables less frequently, engage in no moderate or vigorous physical activity, and, among men, be current smokers. Only 59% of Vietnamese Americans knew that chest pain was a symptom of heart attack. There are significant disparities in risk factors and knowledge of symptoms of cardiovascular diseases among Vietnamese Americans. Culturally appropriate studies and interventions are needed to understand and to reduce these disparities. C1 [Nguyen, Tung T.; Gildengorin, Ginny; McPhee, Stephen J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Project, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Liao, Youlian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tsoh, Janice] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bui-Tong, Ngoc] Santa Clara Valley Hlth & Hosp Syst, San Jose, CA USA. RP Nguyen, TT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Project, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM Tung.Nguyen@ucsf.edu FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU917412, U50/CCU922156] FX This project was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under Cooperative Agreements U50/CCU917412 and U50/CCU922156. The findings and conclusions of the article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A preliminary version of this data was presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association in November 2007. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11606-008-0889-1 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 397GO UT WOS:000262651100013 PM 19089498 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Ahluwalia, IB Li, CY Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Ahluwalia, Indu B. Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Prevalence and Trends of Receipt of Cancer Screenings Among US Women with Diagnosed Diabetes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; mammogram; Papanicolaou test; fecal occult blood test; sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; MELLITUS; HEALTH; RISK; CARE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB Diabetes increases the risk of breast and colorectal cancers and has an undetermined relationship to cervical cancer. Improved screenings for these cancers are effective in reducing cancer mortality. To examine the prevalence of receiving recommended screenings for these cancers and to assess the trends in the screening rates over time among US women with diagnosed diabetes in comparison with women without diabetes. Cross-sectional. A total of 63,650 to 182,168 adult women participated in the 1996-2006 (biennially) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The prevalence of receiving cancer screenings was age-standardized to the 2000 US population. The adjusted prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analyses. The linear trends in the screening rates were tested using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. In 2006, women with diabetes had a lower adjusted prevalence (74% versus 79%, P < 0.05) and the AOR (0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.81) for receiving cervical cancer screenings, but had a higher adjusted prevalence (63% versus 60%, P < 0.05) and the AOR (1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.24) for receiving colorectal cancer screenings compared to those without. In both women with diabetes and those without, the screening rate for colorectal cancer increased linearly during 2002-2006, whereas the screening rates for breast and cervical cancers changed little during 1996-2006. Women with diabetes were equally likely to be screened for breast cancer, less likely to be screened for cervical cancer, but more likely to be screened for colorectal cancer compared to those without. Overall, the screening rates in both groups remain below the recommended levels. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Ahluwalia, Indu B.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s11606-008-0858-8 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 397GO UT WOS:000262651100019 PM 19089511 ER PT J AU Hutson, CL Olson, VA Carroll, DS Abel, JA Hughes, CM Braden, ZH Weiss, S Self, J Oscrio, JE Hudson, PN Dillon, M Karem, KL Damon, IK Regnery, RL AF Hutson, Christina L. Olson, Victoria A. Carroll, Darin S. Abel, Jason A. Hughes, Christine M. Braden, Zachary H. Weiss, Sonja Self, Joshua Oscrio, Jorge E. Hudson, Paul N. Dillon, Michael Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. Regnery, Russell L. TI A prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using West African and Congo Basin strains of monkeypox virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; HEMISPHERE; SMALLPOX; OUTBREAK AB Multiple monkeypox virus (MPXV) animal models have been discussed in previous studies, but no small animal models, nor most non-human primate models, demonstrated the protracted asymptomatic incubation phase seen in systemic human orthopoxvirus illness. Herein, we characterize a black-tailed prairie dog (PD) (Cynomys ludovicianus) model of infection, via intranasal and intradermal exposures, with the two MPXV clades. Daily observations of the animals were made (food consumption, general symptoms, disease presentation), while weights and virus evaluations (ocular, nasal, oropharyngeal, faeces, blood) were obtained/made every third day. Generalized rash became apparent 9-12 days post-infection for all animals. Individual animals demonstrated a range of symptoms consistent with human monkeypox disease. Measurable viaemias and excretas were similar for both clad e-representative strains and persisted until at least day 21. Greater morbidity was observed in Congo Basin strain-challenged animals and mortality was observed only in the Congo Basin strain-challenged animals. The PD model is valuable for the study of strain-dependent differences in MPXV. Additionally, the model closely mimics human systemic orthopoxvirus disease and may serve as a valuable non-human surrogate for investigations of antivirals and next generation orthopoxvirus vaccines. C1 [Hutson, Christina L.; Olson, Victoria A.; Carroll, Darin S.; Abel, Jason A.; Hughes, Christine M.; Braden, Zachary H.; Weiss, Sonja; Self, Joshua; Hudson, Paul N.; Dillon, Michael; Karem, Kevin L.; Damon, Inger K.; Regnery, Russell L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Oscrio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hutson, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MSG-43,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zuu6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1099/vir.0.005108-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 403IB UT WOS:000263075200006 PM 19141441 ER PT J AU Northridge, ME Scott, G Swaner, R Northridge, JL Jean-Louis, B Klihr-Beall, S Vaughn, RL Pradier, YJ Vaughan, RD Hayes, R Caraballo, RS AF Northridge, Mary E. Scott, Gwendolyn Swaner, Rachel Northridge, Jennifer L. Jean-Louis, Betina Klihr-Beall, Sandra Vaughn, Rubiahna L. Pradier, Yvonne J. Vaughan, Roger D. Hayes, Roger Caraballo, Ralph S. TI Toward a Smoke-free Harlem: Engaging Families, Agencies, and Community-based Programs SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Secondhand smoke; asthma; child health; respiratory health; health disparities; African American health; health policy ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; EXCESS MORTALITY; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; HOUSEHOLD SURVEY; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; HOMES AB The aim of this collaborative public health study was to engage families, agencies, and. programs in reducing secondhand smoke exposure in Central Harlem, New York City. Baseline interviews (n=657) and focus groups (n=4) were conducted with adult members of households with children who had asthma and asthma-like symptoms in the Harlem Children's Zone Asthma Initiative. The interviews concerned the prevalence and determinants of exposure of enrolled children to secondhand smoke. Key findings were that participants: (1) were generally aware of the hazards of secondhand smoke; (2) used strategies to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in their homes; (3) believed that Outdoor pollutants are sometimes just as bad for the health of their children as secondhand smoke; and (4) used smoking to provide stress relief and help diffuse otherwise volatile situations in their homes. The Harlem Smoke-Free Home Campaign was launched in October 2007 based in part on these findings. C1 [Northridge, Mary E.; Vaughn, Rubiahna L.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Sociomed Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Scott, Gwendolyn; Northridge, Jennifer L.; Klihr-Beall, Sandra; Pradier, Yvonne J.] Columbia Univ, Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Vaughan, Roger D.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hayes, Roger] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, E & Cent Harlem Dist Publ Hlth Off, New York, NY USA. [Caraballo, Ralph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Northridge, ME (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Sociomed Sci, 722 W 158th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM men11@columbia.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CDC CCU209663-08] NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 409BA UT WOS:000263480000013 PM 19202251 ER PT J AU Adams, EK Gavin, NI Raskind-Hood, C Tao, G AF Adams, E. Kathleen Gavin, Norma I. Raskind-Hood, Cheryl Tao, Guoyu TI Explaining Racial Differences in Prenatal Care Initiation and Syphilis Screening Among Medicaid-covered Pregnant Women SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Prenatal care; STD screening; Medicaid; race; survey data ID HEALTH-CARE; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; DELIVERY SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; INSURANCE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; MORTALITY; FLORIDA; ACCESS AB Sexually transmitted diseases and their outcomes disproportionately affect non-Hispanic Blacks who also receive later Prenatal care. We used a sample of low-income pregnant women insured by Medicaid to assess racial disparities in the receipt of first trimester prenatal care and any as well as earl), (by 2nd trimester) syphilis screening. We used an. older but unique file of linked 1995 Georgia Medicaid claims and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) births (n = 1,096) to test the relative explanatory power of factors contained in administrative versus survey data. Using administrative data, we found non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to receive first trimester care but more likely to be screened. Adding in PRAMS survey data eliminated these differences. Having an Outpatient department as usual Source of care was a key factor. This may reflect unmeasured characteristics of minorities and their neighborhoods or differences in screening practices across provider settings. C1 [Adams, E. Kathleen; Raskind-Hood, Cheryl] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gavin, Norma I.] RTI Int Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM eadam01@sph.emory.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 177 EP 193 PG 17 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 409BA UT WOS:000263480000018 PM 19202256 ER PT J AU Miranda, JJ Davies, AR Smith, GD Smeeth, L Cabrera, L Gilman, RH Garcia, HH Ortegai, YR Cama, VA AF Jaime Miranda, Juan Davies, Alisha R. Smith, George Davey Smeeth, Liam Cabrera, Lilia Gilman, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. Ortegai, Ynes R. Cama, Vitaliano A. TI Frequency of diarrhoea as a predictor of elevated blood pressure in children SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; child; cohort studies; dehydration; developing countries; hypertension; infantile diarrhoea; Peru ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; GLOBAL BURDEN; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER AGE; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY AB Background Diarrhoeal illness is a major public health problem for children worldwide, particularly among developing countries, and is a proxy condition for severe dehydration. It has been hypothesized that severe dehydration in the first 6 months of life could be associated with increased blood pressure later in life. This study aimed to explore whether frequency of diarrhoea is associated with elevated blood pressure in children in a setting with a high incidence of diarrhoeal disease. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional study of blood pressure among children from a longitudinal child diarrhoeal disease cohort in Lima, Peru. From 2001 to 2006, daily diarrhoeal surveillance was made. Children were revisited in 2006 and blood pressure was measured. Diarrhoeal exposures were evaluated in terms of total number of diarrhoea days, number of episodes of diarrhoea, persistent diarrhoeal episodes and by the quartiles of daily incidence and episode incidence of diarrhoea. Results The overall incidence of diarrhoeal episodes at age under 1 year was 4.35 (95% confidence interval: 3.79-4.98) and under 5 years was 2.80 (95% confidence interval: 2.69-2.92). No association was observed between the total number of diarrhoeal days, diarrhoeal episodes or diarrhoeal incidence rates with childhood blood pressure. There was weak evidence that hospital admission due to severe dehydration in the first year of life showed a gradient towards an increase in both, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion In the first study to date to examine the association in a setting with a high incidence of diarrhoeal disease, diarrhoeal frequency did not show an association with increased blood pressure. Our observations of elevated levels of blood pressure among those admitted into hospitals in the first year of life are in line with the original hypothesis of dehydration in early infancy and high blood pressure. However, the effect of episodes of severe dehydration on later blood pressure remains uncertain. J Hypertens 27:259-265 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Jaime Miranda, Juan; Smeeth, Liam] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WCE 7HT, England. [Jaime Miranda, Juan] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Salud Publ & Adm, Lima, Peru. [Davies, Alisha R.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Ctr Populat Studies, London WCE 7HT, England. [Smith, George Davey] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Cabrera, Lilia; Gilman, Robert H.] Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.; Cama, Vitaliano A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gilman, Robert H.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. [Garcia, Hector H.] Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. [Ortegai, Ynes R.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA USA. [Cama, Vitaliano A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miranda, JJ (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, Keppel St, London WCE 7HT, England. EM jaime.miranda@lshtm.ac.uk RI Miranda, J. Jaime/A-8482-2008; OI Miranda, J. Jaime/0000-0002-4738-5468; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X FU Dennis Burkitt Fellowship; NIH-NIAID [5P01AI051976, 5R21AI059661]; USDA-CSREES [200151110-11340]; NIH-Forgarty International Center [D43TW006581, D43TW001140] FX The present work was funded by the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene through a Dennis Burkitt Fellowship to J.J.M. The diarrhoea cohort study was funded in part by NIH-NIAID (projects 5P01AI051976 and 5R21AI059661), USDA-CSREES (project 200151110-11340) and NIH-Forgarty International Center (projects D43TW006581 and D43TW001140). NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32831bc721 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 406GH UT WOS:000263282500012 PM 19155783 ER PT J AU Alexander, JP Ehresmann, K Seward, J Wax, G Harriman, K Fuller, S Cebelinski, EA Chen, Q Jorba, J Kew, OM Pallansch, MA Oberste, MS Schleiss, M Davis, JP Warshawsky, B Squires, S Hull, HF AF Alexander, James P. Ehresmann, Kristen Seward, Jane Wax, Gary Harriman, Kathleen Fuller, Susan Cebelinski, Elizabeth A. Chen, Qi Jorba, Jaume Kew, Olen M. Pallansch, Mark A. Oberste, M. Steven Schleiss, Mark Davis, Jeffrey P. Warshawsky, Bryna Squires, Susan Hull, Harry F. CA Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Invest TI Transmission of Imported Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in an Undervaccinated Community in Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th National Immunization Conference CY MAR09, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA ID TYPE-1 POLIOVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; CODON DEGENERACY; MIXED-BASE; POLIOMYELITIS; IDENTIFICATION; CIRCULATION; NEUTRALIZATION; ENTEROVIRUSES AB Background. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has not been used in the United States since 2000. Type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) was identified in September 2005, from an unvaccinated Amish infant hospitalized in Minnesota with severe combined immunodeficiency. An investigation was conducted to determine the source of the virus and its means of transmission. Methods. The infant was tested serially for poliovirus excretion. Investigations were conducted to detect poliovirus infections or paralytic poliomyelitis in Amish communities in Minnesota, neighboring states, and Ontario, Canada. Genomic sequences of poliovirus isolates were determined for phylogenetic analysis. Results. No source for the VDPV could be identified. In the index community, 8 (35%) of 23 children tested, including the infant, had evidence of type 1 poliovirus or VDPV infection. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the VDPV circulated in the community for similar to 2 months before the infant's infection was detected and that the initiating OPV dose had been given before her birth. No paralytic disease was found in the community, and no poliovirus infections were found in other Amish communities investigated. Conclusions. This is the first demonstrated transmission of VDPV in an undervaccinated community in a developed country. Continued vigilance is needed in all countries to identify poliovirus infections in communities at high risk of poliovirus transmission. C1 [Alexander, James P.; Seward, Jane; Chen, Qi; Jorba, Jaume; Kew, Olen M.; Pallansch, Mark A.; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ehresmann, Kristen; Seward, Jane; Wax, Gary; Harriman, Kathleen; Fuller, Susan; Hull, Harry F.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Schleiss, Mark] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey P.] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Warshawsky, Bryna] Middlesex London Hlth Unit, London, England. [Squires, Susan] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Alexander, JP (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM axj1@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1086/596052 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 392UB UT WOS:000262326600014 PM 19090774 ER PT J AU Willoughby, RE Opladen, T Maier, T Rhead, W Schmiedel, S Hoyer, J Drosten, C Rupprecht, CE Hyland, K Hoffmann, GF AF Willoughby, R. E. Opladen, T. Maier, T. Rhead, W. Schmiedel, S. Hoyer, J. Drosten, C. Rupprecht, C. E. Hyland, K. Hoffmann, G. F. TI Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in human rabies SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tetrahydrobiopterin, PKU, and NOS CY MAR 23-28, 2008 CL St Moritz, SWITZERLAND ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; NITRIC-OXIDE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SYNTHASE; CATECHOLAMINES; ENCEPHALITIS; INDUCTION; BIOPTERIN; MOUSE; COMA AB Rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis characterized by a clinically acute and progressive course. With rare exceptions, there is a discrepancy between clinical outcome and frank histological alterations in rabies. Investigators have postulated that rabies virus may modify neurotransmission through occupancy of cellular receptors or alteration of ion channels. We took advantage of these observations to improvise a successful therapy for rabies. The Milwaukee protocol (www.mcw.edu/rabies) was further modified to treat two German patients. We measured pterins and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites in the CSF of patients with rabies by HPLC with electrochemical or fluorescent detection. We report loss of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and associated pathological decrease of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in three successive patients with rabies. CSF levels of BH(4) and neurotransmitter metabolites increased in two patients who were supplemented. Our findings support the long-standing speculation of modified neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of rabies, but by another mechanism. Brain turnover of dopamine and serotonin is reduced following rabies-acquired BH(4) deficiency. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is BH(4)-dependent and may also be involved, possibly causing cerebrovascular insufficiency in one patient. This work must be carefully replicated in animal models and future patients. We are cautiously optimistic at the prospect of readily available, metabolically specific, enteral therapy for rabies. C1 [Willoughby, R. E.] Wisconsin Corp Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Willoughby, R. E.; Rhead, W.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Opladen, T.; Hoffmann, G. F.] Univ Childrens Hosp Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Maier, T.; Hoyer, J.] Univ Marburg, Marburg, Germany. [Schmiedel, S.] Univ Hamburg, Med Ctr, Hamburg, Germany. [Drosten, C.] Univ Bonn, Med Ctr, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hyland, K.] Med Neurogenet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Willoughby, RE (reprint author), Wisconsin Corp Ctr, Childrens Hosp, C450,POB 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM rewillou@mcw.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10545-008-0949-z PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 403JZ UT WOS:000263080200011 PM 18949578 ER PT J AU Griffiths, UK Edmond, K Hajjeh, R AF Griffiths, Ulla K. Edmond, Karen Hajjeh, Rana TI Is Hib Vaccine of Economic Value in South Korea? SO JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Griffiths, Ulla K.; Edmond, Karen] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Hajjeh, Rana] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Griffiths, UK (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM ulla.griffiths@lshtm.ac.uk NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES PI SEOUL PA 302 75 DONG DU ICHON, DONG YONGSAN KU, SEOUL 140 031, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-8934 J9 J KOREAN MED SCI JI J. Korean Med. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 187 EP 187 DI 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.1.187 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420TS UT WOS:000264312700035 PM 19270839 ER PT J AU Ross, RS Viazov, S Khudyakov, YE Xia, GL Lin, Y Holzmann, H Sebesta, C Roggendorf, M Janata, O AF Ross, R. S. Viazov, S. Khudyakov, Y. E. Xia, G. L. Lin, Y. Holzmann, H. Sebesta, C. Roggendorf, M. Janata, O. TI Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in an Orthopedic Hospital Ward SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; blood-borne viruses; hospital infection; basic infection control practices; phylogenetic analysis ID TO-PATIENT TRANSMISSION; PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY WARD; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; GENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION; HEMATOLOGY WARD; HCV INFECTION; OUTBREAK; POPULATION AB Healthcare-associated infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) hitherto have been observed mainly in hemodialysis settings as well as in hematology and oncology wards. In this communication, molecular and epidemiologic investigations to elucidate an HCV outbreak in an orthopedic ward are reported. One hundred and thirty-five patients hospitalized in the ward and 104 staff members were tested. In addition to extensive epidemiologic reviews and hygienic inspections, direct sequencing of HCV PCR fragments and phylogenetic analysis of more than 300 partial HCV sequences obtained by end-point limiting-dilution real-time PCR assay were carried out. Six patients were infected with very closely related HCV variants. Patient-to-patient spread of the virus was inferred to have started from one patient with previous HCV infection to the other five patients during their hospital stay. Inspections did not reveal substantial breaches in basic infection control practices and did not identify a specific activity that might have led to nosocomial transmission. As a result of the investigations, the hospital corrected the documentation of all medical and nursing activities undertaken in the ward, abandoned the use of all multidose saline and other medication vials, and included explicitly recommendations for the safe preparation and administration of injectable drugs into internal infection control guidelines. Thereafter, no further nosocomial transmissions of HCV have been recorded in the orthopedic ward. The events observed suggest that nosocomial transmission of HCV is not limited to hemodialysis, hematology or oncology settings, and they also reinforce the mandatory adherence to basic infection control practices. C1 [Ross, R. S.; Viazov, S.; Roggendorf, M.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen Univ Hosp, Natl Reference Ctr Hepatitis C, Inst Virol, D-45147 Essen, Germany. [Khudyakov, Y. E.; Xia, G. L.; Lin, Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holzmann, H.] Med Univ Vienna, Inst Virol, Vienna, Austria. [Sebesta, C.] Danube Hosp, Med Board, Vienna, Austria. [Janata, O.] Danube Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Vienna, Austria. RP Ross, RS (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen Univ Hosp, Natl Reference Ctr Hepatitis C, Inst Virol, Virchowstr 179, D-45147 Essen, Germany. EM stefan.ross@due.de NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1002/jmv.21394 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 389LX UT WOS:000262095300007 PM 19107970 ER PT J AU Harvala, H Bremner, J Kealey, S Weller, B McLellan, S Lloyd, G Staples, E Faggian, F Solomon, T AF Harvala, Heli Bremner, John Kealey, Susan Weller, Belinda McLellan, Stuart Lloyd, Graham Staples, Erin Faggian, Federica Solomon, Tom TI Case Report: Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Imported to the UK SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern equine encephalitis virus; arbovirus; mosquito bite; travelling; encephalitis AB Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is rare, but the most severe of the mosquito-borne encephalitides in the United States with a high case fatality rate of 30%. Here, we present a patient with EEE. EEE virus causes sporadic human disease in the Eastern parts of the United States, but the case we describe was a Scottish tourist who acquired the disease from mosquito bites while in holiday in the United States. This is a first report of an imported case to Europe. J. Med. Virol. 81:305-308, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Harvala, Heli; Bremner, John] Royal Edinburgh Infirm, Specialist Virol Ctr, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kealey, Susan] Western Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Weller, Belinda] Western Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [McLellan, Stuart] Western Gen Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lloyd, Graham] HPA Ctr Emergency Preparedness & Response, Special Pathogens Reference Unit, Salisbury, Wilts, England. [Staples, Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Faggian, Federica] Western Gen Hosp, Reg Infect Dis Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Solomon, Tom] Univ Liverpool, Dept Neurol Sci & Med Microbiol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Harvala, H (reprint author), Royal Edinburgh Infirm, Specialist Virol Ctr, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, Midlothian, Scotland. EM heli.simmonds@hotmail.com FU Medical Research Council [G116/194] NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1002/jmv.21379 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 389LX UT WOS:000262095300014 PM 19107960 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Bogdam, A Domonkos, G Kisfali, P Molnar, P Toth, A Melegh, B Martella, V Gentsch, JR Szucs, G AF Banyai, Krisztian Bogdam, Agnes Domonkos, Gertrud Kisfali, Peter Molnar, Peter Toth, Andras Melegh, Bela Martella, Vito Gentsch, Jon R. Szucs, Gyorgy TI Genetic Diversity and Zoonotic Potential of Human Rotavirus Strains, 2003-2006, Hungary SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surveillance; genotype; phylogenetic analysis ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; G12 HUMAN ROTAVIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MIXED INFECTIONS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; GUINEA-BISSAU; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; EMERGENCE AB Rotavirus strain surveillance is being conducted in many countries before and after introduction of newly licensed vaccines to assess the impact of the vaccines on rotavirus strains. Here we describe a strain surveillance study in the Budapest area of Hungary (2003-2006) based on RNA profile analysis, genotyping by multiplex PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Among 1,983 G-typed rotaviruses we identified G1 (22%), G2 (4.8%), G3 (3.5%), G4 (18.5%), G6 (1.1 %), G8 (< 0.1 %, n = 1), G9 (42%), and G12 (3.4%) specificities. Information on P genotype incidence was determined for a subset of samples (n = 814). In addition to the globally important strains, a variety of uncommon antigen combinations were also found, for example, P[9],G3; P[14],136; or P[14],G8. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of selected strains with uncommon antigen combinations demonstrated high similarity with certain bovine, porcine, feline, equine, and lapine rotaviruses, respectively. Continued surveillance is needed to assess the role of animal rotaviruses in human diseases. C1 [Banyai, Krisztian] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. [Banyai, Krisztian; Bogdam, Agnes; Domonkos, Gertrud; Szucs, Gyorgy] Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, Pecs, Hungary. [Banyai, Krisztian; Bogdam, Agnes; Szucs, Gyorgy] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med, Pecs, Hungary. [Kisfali, Peter; Melegh, Bela] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet & Child Dev, Fac Med, Pecs, Hungary. [Molnar, Peter; Toth, Andras] St Laszlo Cent Hosp Infect Dis, Lab Diagnost Virol, Budapest, Hungary. [Martella, Vito] Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Well Being, Bari, Italy. [Gentsch, Jon R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Banyai, K (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, Hungaria Krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. EM bkrota@hotmail.com RI Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA) [T049020]; EVENT Program [SP22-CT-2004-502571] FX Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA); Grant number: T049020; Grant sponsor: EVENT Program, Grant number: SP22-CT-2004-502571. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1002/jmv.21375 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 389LX UT WOS:000262095300022 PM 19107981 ER PT J AU Castello, AA Nakagomi, T Nakagomi, O Jiang, B Kang, JO Glass, RI Glikmann, G Gentsch, JR AF Castello, Alejandro A. Nakagomi, Toyoko Nakagomi, Osamu Jiang, Baoming Kang, Jung O. Glass, Roger I. Glikmann, Graciela Gentsch, Jon R. TI Characterization of Genotype P[9]G12 Rotavirus Strains From Argentina: High Similarity With Japanese and Korean G12 Strains SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; genotype G12; genogrouping; emerging viruses; NSP1 ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; CELL-CULTURE; NUCLEIC-ACID; DIARRHEA; IDENTIFICATION AB The circulation of the unusual P[9]G12 strains was previously reported in suburban Buenos Aires, Argentina and in Far Eastern Asian countries. To examine genetic relationships of these strains the genes coding VP7, VP4, and NSP1 from two Argentine, one Japanese and one Korean P[9]G12 isolates were sequenced and their overall genome relatedness was determined by liquid hybridization. In addition, liquid hybridization was used to compare this group of strains to the previous G12 isolates L26 and Se585, and prototype Wa, DS-1, and AU-1 strains. The genomes of the Argentinean, Japanese and Korean strains were virtually indistinguishable by hybridization assays, suggesting very high sequence relatedness for all 11 segments. Hybridization assays also demonstrated that these four strains belong to the AU-1 genogroup and that their genetic relationship with rotaviruses L26 and Se585 is limited to the VP7 gene. The VP7, VP4, and NSP1 genes of the Argentinean, Japanese and Korean strains were highly homologous to each other and to Thai strain T152 (similar to 99% identity). These results together with the report of a similar strain detected during 2003 in Brazil are consistent with a recent importation and dissemination of the G12 strains from Far Eastern countries into South America. Increasing reports from several regions of the world demonstrating a variety of different G12 reassortant strains suggests that routine surveillance for this serotype should be conducted to determine its potential for global emergence. J. Med Viral. 81:371-381, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Castello, Alejandro A.] Univ Nacl Quilmes, Lab Immunol & Virol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Castello, Alejandro A.; Jiang, Baoming; Glass, Roger I.; Gentsch, Jon R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nakagomi, Toyoko; Nakagomi, Osamu] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Nagasaki 852, Japan. [Kang, Jung O.] Hanyang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Castello, AA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Quilmes, Lab Immunol & Virol, Roque Saenz Pena 352,Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM acastello@unq.edu.ar OI Kang, Jung Oak/0000-0002-9181-6819; Castello, Alejandro/0000-0002-0586-1702 NR 51 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1002/jmv.21384 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 389LX UT WOS:000262095300023 PM 19107963 ER PT J AU Dauphin, LA Bowen, MD AF Dauphin, Leslie A. Bowen, Michael D. TI A simple method for the rapid removal of Bacillus anthracis spores from DNA preparations SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus anthracis spores; Anthrax; Bioterrorism ID REAL-TIME PCR; NASAL SWABS; BIOTERRORISM; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB This study establishes a filtration method for the safe removal of Bacillus anthracis spores which may contaminate DNA preparations. Centrifugal filtration with 0.1-mu m filter units can be used following extraction of DNA from B. anthracis spores to render samples safe without compromising the sensitivity of diagnostic real-time PCR assays for B. anthracis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dauphin, Leslie A.; Bowen, Michael D.] CDC, NCPDCID, DBPR, BRRAT Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dauphin, LA (reprint author), CDC, NCPDCID, DBPR, BRRAT Lab, Mail Stop G-42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Ldauphin@CDC.GOV NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.10.009 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 407VQ UT WOS:000263392800016 PM 18996156 ER PT J AU Lyman, WH Walsh, JF Kotch, JB Weber, DJ Gunn, E Vinje, J AF Lyman, Whitney H. Walsh, Joan F. Kotch, Jonathan B. Weber, David J. Gunn, Elizabeth Vinje, Jan TI Prospective Study of Etiologic Agents of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Child Care Centers SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; SENSITIVE DETECTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ROTAVIRUS; SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; ADENOVIRUSES; ASSAYS AB Objective To investigate the etiology of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children attending childcare centers (CCCs) in North Carolina between October 2005 and March 2007. Study design In this prospective study of outbreaks of AGE in CCCs, stool specimens from symptomatic children and environmental surface swabs were tested for adenovirus group F, astrovirus. norovirus (NoV), rotavirus group A, and sapovirus using real-time and conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays, and viruses were genotyped by sequencing. Results A total of 29 AGE outbreaks were evaluated, of which 13 (45%) were caused by a single virus, including rotavirus group A (17%), NoV (10%). astrovirus (10%), and sapovirus (7%). Multiple viruses were detected in 3 outbreaks (10%). Environmental swabs from 1.3 of 22 outbreaks (59%) tested positive for at least 1 virus and confirmed the findings of the same virus in the fecal specimens for 10 of the outbreaks (45%). Conclusions This study confirms that viruses are major causes of AGE outbreak in CCCs. Our finding of widespread environmental contamination during such outbreaks suggests the need to study the effectiveness of current surface disinfectants against multiple gastroenteritis viruses in CCCs. (J Pediatr 2009;154:253-7) C1 [Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lyman, Whitney H.; Vinje, Jan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Walsh, Joan F.; Kotch, Jonathan B.; Gunn, Elizabeth] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Weber, David J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Vinje, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Mailstop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvinje@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 154 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.057 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 405MG UT WOS:000263228300023 PM 18783794 ER PT J AU Lazarus, C Avchen, RN AF Lazarus, C. Avchen, R. N. TI Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management: a model for change SO JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE hyperbilirubinemia; universal screening; policy; jaundice; kernicterus; total serum bilirubin ID KERNICTERUS; JAUNDICE; NEWBORN; TERM AB Currently, active public health surveillance of hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus is lacking. Recently, the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), a private health care system with an estimated quarter of a million births annually, instituted recommendations to provide universal hyperbilirubinemia screening before discharge for all infants born within their system. Over 98% of the infants born at HCA hospitals were screened within the first year of the recommendations. From May to December 2004, 13 infants were identified with total serum bilirubin (TSB) >= 30 mg per 100 ml, but that number was reduced in 2006, with only seven infants born in HCA hospitals developing a TSB of >= 30 mg per 100 ml. This program provides a model for actively monitoring the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia and for tracking its occurrence, thus improving health care quality for patients while collecting important public health information. C1 [Lazarus, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lazarus, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clazarus@gmail.com NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0743-8346 J9 J PERINATOL JI J. Perinatol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 BP S58 EP S60 DI 10.1038/jp.2008.217 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 410US UT WOS:000263604400010 PM 19177061 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Swahn, MH Breiding, M AF Bossarte, Robert M. Swahn, Monica H. Breiding, Matt TI Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in the Associations Between Violence and Self-Reported Health Among US High School Students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE violence; risk behaviors; public health; research; mental health ID PERCEIVED HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PEER VICTIMIZATION; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; DATING VIOLENCE; RATED HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; WEIGHT AB Involvement in interpersonal violence or suicidal behaviors can have a significant impact on an adolescent's physical health. Similarly, previous research has suggested that lived experiences, more than the presence or absence of physical ailments, can significantly influence self-assessed health status among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between involvement in violence and poor or fair self-reported health among US high school students. Data were obtained from the 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 13,953). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between violence-related measures and self-reported health while controlling for demographic characteristics and potential confounders. Analyses are presented for students overall and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Overall, 7.2% of students reported fair or poor self-rated health. Having been in a physical fight, having been injured in a physical fight, having attempted suicide, and having not gone to school because of safety concerns were significantly associated with fair or poor self-rated health after controlling for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders. Differences associated with race/ethnicity and sex are identified. Four of the 5 violence-related measures included in these analyses were significantly associated with fair or poor self-rated health. Future studies should consider the impact of involvement in violent behaviors and perceptions of both physical and mental well-being. C1 [Bossarte, Robert M.] Univ Rochester, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14262 USA. [Swahn, Monica H.] Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Breiding, Matt] US PHS, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bossarte, RM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Psychiat, 300 Crittenden Blvd,Box PSYCH, Rochester, NY 14262 USA. EM robert_bossarte@urmc.rochester.edu; mswahn@gsu.edu; mbreiding@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 79 IS 2 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00379.x PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 401LW UT WOS:000262943200005 PM 19187086 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Chapin, JB Rietmeijer, CA Kent, CK Ellen, JM Gaydos, CA Willard, NJ Kohn, R Lloyd, L Thomas, S Birkjukow, N Chung, S Klausner, J Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, E. F. Chapin, J. B. Rietmeijer, C. A. Kent, C. K. Ellen, J. M. Gaydos, C. A. Willard, N. J. Kohn, R. Lloyd, L. Thomas, S. Birkjukow, N. Chung, S. Klausner, J. Schillinger, J. A. Markowitz, L. E. TI Rate and Predictors of Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Men SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Dunne, E. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 181 IS 2 BP 659 EP 659 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 394BJ UT WOS:000262419900090 ER PT J AU Leelawiwat, W Young, NL Chaowanachan, T Ou, CY Culnane, M Vanprapa, N Waranawat, N Wasinrapee, P Mock, PA Tappero, J McNicholl, JM AF Leelawiwat, W. Young, N. L. Chaowanachan, T. Ou, C. Y. Culnane, M. Vanprapa, N. Waranawat, N. Wasinrapee, P. Mock, P. A. Tappero, J. McNicholl, J. M. TI Dried blood spots for the diagnosis and quantitation of HIV-1: Stability studies and evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of infant HIV-1 infection in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Dried blood spot; PCR; Diagnosis; HIV-1; Viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL LOAD ASSAYS; HIV-1-INFECTED INFANTS; RNA DETECTION; FILTER-PAPER; PCR ASSAYS; TYPE-1 RNA; DNA; TRANSMISSION AB Molecular methods for HIV-1 infection using dried blood-spot (DBS) for HIV-1 CRF01_AE subtypes have not been fully optimized. In this study assays for HIV-1 diagnosis or quantitation were evaluated using infant DBS from Thailand. Paired DBS and whole blood samples from 56 HIV-1 CRF01_AE or B'-infected infants were tested for infant diagnosis using modified Amplicor DNA PCR and NucliSens RNA NASBA and an in-house real-time PCR assay. The Amplicor Monitor viral load (VL) assay, with modifications for DBS, was also evaluated. DBS VL were hematocrit corrected. Stability studies were done on DBS stored at -70 degrees C to 37 degrees C for up to 1 year. The DBS diagnostic assays were 96-100% sensitive and 100% specific for HIV-1 diagnosis. DBS HIV-1 VL were highly correlated with plasma VL when corrected using the actual or an assumed hematocrit factor (r(c) = 0.88 or 0.93, respectively). HIV-1 DNA in DBS appeared to be more stable than RNA and could be detected after up to 9 months at most temperatures. DBS VL could be consistently determined when stored frozen. These results show that DBS can be used accurately instead of whole blood for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection and VL quantitation, particularly if samples are appropriately stored. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leelawiwat, W.; Young, N. L.; Chaowanachan, T.; Wasinrapee, P.; Mock, P. A.; Tappero, J.; McNicholl, J. M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Ou, C. Y.; Culnane, M.; Tappero, J.; McNicholl, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waranawat, N.] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Vanprapa, N.] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Leelawiwat, W (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM WannaL@th.cdc.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2009 VL 155 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.09.022 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 398WR UT WOS:000262762700002 PM 18952125 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N Kang, G Hill, VR AF Jothikumar, N. Kang, G. Hill, V. R. TI Broadly reactive TaqMan (R) assay for real-time RT-PCR detection of rotavirus in clinical and environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Rotavirus; Waterborne; Clinical; Real-time RT-PCR; TaqMan (R) ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; WATER SAMPLES; STOOL SPECIMENS; VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; VACCINES; STRAINS AB Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens responsible for a significant burden of disease, especially in children, through person-to-person transmission and exposure to contaminated food and water. In the present study, a TaqMan (R) probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and validated for sensitive and specific detection and quantification of rotavirus for the routine screening of clinical and environmental samples. The assay primers and probes were designed to target the non-structural protein region 3 (NSP3) of rotavirus. The rotavirus real-time RT-PCR assay was found to be specific to rotavirus, but broadly reactive to rotavirus genogroups 1-4, 9, 10 and 12. Specificity testing did not identify any cross-reactivity of the assay with a panel of 36 non-rotavirus enteric virus specimens. The sensitivity of the assay was determined using quantified rotavirus stocks and a plasmid DNA stock. Estimated detection limits in reagent-grade water were five genome equivalent copies (GEC) per reaction and two to four rotavirus particles per reaction. The sensitivity of the assay for detecting rotaviruses in environmental water samples was found to be six virus particles per reaction. The rotavirus real-time RT-PCR assay was effective in detecting rotavirus in all 79 stool specimens obtained from a hospital in India. The results of this study demonstrate that the real-time RT-PCR assay for rotavirus is broadly reactive, specific, and sensitive for detection of rotaviruses in clinical specimens and water samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jothikumar, N.; Hill, V. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kang, G.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Jothikumar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JIN2@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2009 VL 155 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.09.025 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 398WR UT WOS:000262762700005 PM 18951923 ER PT J AU Murawski, MR Bowen, GN Cerny, AM Anderson, LJ Haynes, LM Tripp, RA Kurt-Jones, EA Finberg, RW AF Murawski, Matthew R. Bowen, Glennice N. Cerny, Anna M. Anderson, Larry J. Haynes, Lia M. Tripp, Ralph A. Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A. Finberg, Robert W. TI Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activates Innate Immunity through Toll-Like Receptor 2 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; TLR4 POLYMORPHISMS; FACTOR-ALPHA; INFECTION; EXPRESSION AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of infection that is associated with a range of respiratory illnesses, from common cold-like symptoms to serious lower respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. RSV is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in children <1 year of age. Host innate and acquired immune responses activated following RSV infection have been suspected to contribute to RSV disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate innate and acquired immunity and are candidates for playing key roles in the host immune response to RSV. Leukocytes express TLRs, including TLR2, TLR6, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7, that can interact with RSV and promote immune responses following infection. Using knockout mice, we have demonstrated that TLR2 and TLR6 signaling in leukocytes can activate innate immunity against RSV by promoting tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, CCL2 ( monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and CCL5 ( RANTES). As previously noted, TLR4 also contributes to cytokine activation (L. M. Haynes, D. D. Moore, E. A. Kurt-Jones, R. W. Finberg, L. J. Anderson, and R. A. Tripp, J. Virol. 75: 10730-10737, 2001, and E. A. Kurt- Jones, L. Popova, L. Kwinn, L. M. Haynes, L. P. Jones, R. A. Tripp, E. E. Walsh, M. W. Freeman, D. T. Golenbock, L. J. Anderson, and R. W. Finberg, Nat. Immunol. 1: 398-401, 2000). Furthermore, we demonstrated that signals generated following TLR2 and TLR6 activation were important for controlling viral replication in vivo. Additionally, TLR2 interactions with RSV promoted neutrophil migration and dendritic cell activation within the lung. Collectively, these studies indicate that TLR2 is involved in RSV recognition and subsequent innate immune activation. C1 [Murawski, Matthew R.; Bowen, Glennice N.; Cerny, Anna M.; Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A.; Finberg, Robert W.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Tripp, Ralph A.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Dis Intervent, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Haynes, Lia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Finberg, RW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 364 Plantat St, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM Robert.Finberg@umassmed.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NIH [RO1 AI51405, RO1 AI049309, U54 AI057159, P01 AI0577484, RO1 AI64349, P30 DK032520] FX This work was supported by Public Health Service grants from the NIH: RO1 AI51405 ( to E. K.-J.) and RO1 AI049309, U54 AI057159, P01 AI0577484, RO1 AI64349, and P30 DK032520 ( to R. W. F.). NR 56 TC 124 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 3 BP 1492 EP 1500 DI 10.1128/JVI.00671-08 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 392TR UT WOS:000262325600032 PM 19019963 ER PT J AU Klevens, J Saltzman, LE AF Klevens, Joanne Saltzman, Linda E. TI The Controversy on Screening for Intimate Partner Violence: A Question of Semantics? SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; BATTERED WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; TASK-FORCE; FAMILY; CARE; SETTINGS; CORTISOL AB In this paper, we review the basis of the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force's recommendations related to routine screening for intimate partner violence (IPV), focus on two of the arguments of those who have rejected these recommendations, and based on these, suggest that this controversy has occurred, in part, as a result of different interpretations of the meaning of "screening." We differentiate screening from situations in which asking about IPV is essential for differential diagnosis, that is, exploring exposure to IPV when there are signs and symptoms that might result from this exposure. Finally, we describe the randomized, controlled trial CDC is conducting to contribute to the evidence the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force requries to make its recommendations. C1 [Klevens, Joanne; Saltzman, Linda E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jklevens@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.1252 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 402HE UT WOS:000263004000001 PM 19183083 ER PT J AU van de Wijgert, J Jones, H Kilmarx, PH AF van de Wijgert, Janneke Jones, Heidi Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Vaginal microbicide adherence biomarkers should be validated SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID ASSAY C1 [van de Wijgert, Janneke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jones, Heidi] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. [Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van de Wijgert, J (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM j.vandewijgert@amc-cpcd.org OI Jones, Heidi/0000-0002-4285-3752 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9665 BP 721 EP 721 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 412LD UT WOS:000263725400027 PM 19249629 ER PT J AU Fonseca-Gonzalez, I Quinones, ML McAllister, J Brogdon, WG AF Fonseca-Gonzalez, Idalyd Quinones, Martha L. McAllister, Janet Brogdon, William G. TI Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with cross-resistance between DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in Anopheles darlingi Root 1926 populations from Colombia SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE insecticide resistance; bioassays; oxidases; esterases; Anopheles darlingi; Colombia ID MOSQUITO PROTEIN MICROASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AEDES-AEGYPTI L.; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID-RESISTANT; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; MALARIA VECTOR; PERMETHRIN TOLERANCE; CYTOCHROMES P450; ELEVATED OXIDASE AB In order to establish the insecticide susceptibility status for Anopheles darlingi in Colombia, and as part of the National Network on Insecticide Resistance Surveillance, five populations of insects from three Colombian states were evaluated. Standardised WHO and CDC bottle bioassays, in addition to microplate biochemical assays, were conducted. Populations with mortality rates below 80% in the bioassays were considered resistant. All field populations were susceptible to deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. Resistance to lambda- cyhalothrin and DDT was detected in the Ame-Bete population using both bioassay methods with mortality rates of 65-75%. Enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance, including mixed function oxidases (MFO), non-specific esterases (NSE), glutathione S-transferases and modified acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in all populations and compared with a susceptible natural strain. Only mosquitoes from Ame-Bete presented significantly increased levels of both MFO and NSE, consistent with the low mortalities found in this population. The continued use of lambdacyhalothrin for An. darlingi control in this locality has resulted in a natural resistance to this insecticide. In addition, DDT resistance is still present in this population, although this insecticide has not been used in Colombia since 1992. Increased metabolism through MFO and NSE may be involved in cross-resistance between lambdacyhalothrin and DDT, although kdr-type nerve insensitivity cannot be discarded as a possible hypothesis. Additional research, including development of a kdr specific assay for An. darlingi should be conducted in future studies. Our data demonstrates the urgent need to develop local insecticide resistance management and surveillance programs throughout Colombia. C1 [Fonseca-Gonzalez, Idalyd] Univ Antioquia, Programa Estudio & Control Enfermedades Trop, Medellin, Colombia. [Fonseca-Gonzalez, Idalyd] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Inst Biol, Grp Chagas,Sede Invest Univ,Lab 620, Medellin, Colombia. [Quinones, Martha L.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med, Dept Salud Publ, Bogota, Colombia. [McAllister, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Brogdon, William G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fonseca-Gonzalez, I (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Programa Estudio & Control Enfermedades Trop, Calle 62 52-59, Medellin, Colombia. EM idalyd.fonseca@siu.udea.edu.co FU Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia Francisco Jose de Caldas; COLCIENCIAS [22290416444] FX Financial support: Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia Francisco Jose de Caldas, COLCIENCIAS (grant 22290416444) NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD FEB PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 416ZB UT WOS:000264042900003 PM 19274371 ER PT J AU De Jesus, V Zhou, H Vogt, R Hannon, H AF De Jesus, Victor Zhou, Hui Vogt, Robert Hannon, Harry TI Results from a pilot quality control program for lysosomal storage disorder newborn screening SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual World Symposium of the Lysosomal-Disease-Network CY FEB 13-15, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Lysosomal Dis Network C1 [De Jesus, Victor; Zhou, Hui; Vogt, Robert; Hannon, Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 MA 39 BP S20 EP S21 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.11.040 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 399QG UT WOS:000262813800047 ER PT J AU Husten, CG AF Husten, Corinne G. TI How should we define light or intermittent smoking? Does it matter? SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-LEVEL SMOKERS; NICOTINE-DEPENDENCE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; NONDAILY SMOKERS; REGULAR SMOKERS; HEAVY SMOKERS; FOLLOW-UP C1 [Husten, Corinne G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Husten, CG (reprint author), Partnership Prevent, 1015 18th St NW,Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM chusten@prevent.org NR 109 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntp010 PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421ZA UT WOS:000264395600002 PM 19246425 ER PT J AU Kuklina, EV Meikle, SF Jamieson, DJ Whiteman, MK Barfield, WD Hillis, SD Posner, SF AF Kuklina, Elena V. Meikle, Susan F. Jamieson, Denise J. Whiteman, Maura K. Barfield, Wanda D. Hillis, Susan D. Posner, Samuel F. TI Severe Obstetric Morbidity in the United States: 1998-2005 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORBIDITY; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY; DELIVERY; TRANSFUSION; HEMORRHAGE; OUTCOMES; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in the rates of severe obstetric complications and the potential contribution of changes in delivery mode and maternal characteristics to these trends. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of severe obstetric complications identified from the 1998-2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of changes in delivery mode and maternal characteristics on rates of severe obstetric complications. RESULTS: The prevalence of delivery hospitalizations (per 1,000) complicated by at least one severe obstetric complication increased from 0.64% (n=48,645) in 1998-1999 to 0.81% (n=68,433) in 2004-2005. Rates of complications that increased significantly during the study period included renal failure by 21% (from 0.23 to 0.28), pulmonary embolism by 52% (0.12 to 0.18), adult respiratory distress syndrome by 26% (0.36 to 0.45), shock by 24% (0.15 to 0.19), blood transfusion by 92% (2.38 to 4.58), and ventilation by 21% (0.47 to 0.57). In logistic regression models, adjustment for maternal age had no effect on the increased risk for these complications in 2004-2005 relative to 1998-1999. However, after adjustment for mode of delivery, the increased risks for these complications in 2004-2005 relative to 1998-1999 were no longer significant, with the exception of pulmonary embolism (odds ratio 1.30) and blood transfusion (odds ratio 1.72). Further adjustment for payer, multiple births, and select comorbidities had little effect. CONCLUSION: Rates of severe obstetric complications increased from 1998-1999 to 2004-2005. For many of these complications, these increases were associated with the increasing rate of cesarean delivery. C1 Quantell Inc, Taneytown, MD USA. Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meikle, SF (reprint author), NICHD, CRHB, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 8B13C, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM meikles@mail.nih.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 HD999999] NR 20 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 399YK UT WOS:000262835000007 PM 19155897 ER PT J AU Kheifets, L Bowman, JD Checkoway, H Feychting, M Harrington, JM Kavet, R Marsh, G Mezei, G Renew, DC van Wijngaarden, E AF Kheifets, L. Bowman, J. D. Checkoway, H. Feychting, M. Harrington, J. M. Kavet, R. Marsh, G. Mezei, G. Renew, D. C. van Wijngaarden, E. TI Future needs of occupational epidemiology of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields: review and recommendations SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; AUTONOMIC CONTROL MECHANISMS; SWISS RAILWAY EMPLOYEES; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; FEMALE BREAST-CANCER; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; UTILITY-WORKERS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AB The occupational epidemiological literature on extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and health encompasses a large number of studies of design and quality that have addressed many health outcomes, including various cancers, cardiovascular disease, depression and suicide, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At a 2006 workshop we studies of occupational EMF exposure with an on methodological weaknesses, and proposed analytical ways to address some of these. We also developed research priorities that we hope will address remaining uncertainties. Broadly speaking, extensive research conducted during the past 20 years on occupational EMF exposure does not indicate strong or consistent associations with cancer or any other health outcomes. Inconsistent results for many of the may be attributable to numerous shortcomings in the studies, most notably in exposure assessment. There however, no obvious correlation between exposure assessment quality and observed associations. Nevertheless, for future research, the highest priorities emerge in both the areas of exposure assessment and investigation of ALS. To better assess exposure, we for the development of a more complete job-exposure matrix that combines job title, work environment and and an index of exposure to electric fields, magnetic fields, spark discharge, contact current, and other chemical and physical agents. For ALS, we propose an international collaborative study capable of illuminating reported association with electrical occupations by disentangling the potential roles of electric shocks, magnetic fields and bias. Such a study will potentially to evidence-based measures to protect public health. C1 [Kheifets, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bowman, J. D.] NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Checkoway, H.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feychting, M.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Harrington, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat Hlth, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Kavet, R.; Mezei, G.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Marsh, G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Renew, D. C.] Natl Grid Plc, London, England. [van Wijngaarden, E.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, NY USA. RP Kheifets, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 73-284 CHS,650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kheifets@ucla.edu NR 105 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.037994 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 396HG UT WOS:000262582200002 PM 18805878 ER PT J AU Cami, A Wallstrom, GL Fowlkes, AL Panozzo, CA Hogan, WR AF Cami, Aurel Wallstrom, Garrick L. Fowlkes, Ashley L. Panozzo, Cathy A. Hogan, William R. TI Mining aggregates of over-the-counter products for syndromic surveillance SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biosurveillance; Outbreak detection; Linear regression; Time series aggregation ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS; SALES; MODEL AB There has recently been a surge of research efforts aimed at very early detection of disease outbreaks. An important strategy for improving the timeliness of outbreak detection is to identify signals that occur early in the epidemic process. We have developed a novel algorithm to identify aggregates of "similar" over-the-counter products that have strong association with a given disease. This paper discusses the proposed algorithm and reports the results of an evaluation experiment. The experimental results show that this algorithm holds promise for discovering product aggregates with outbreak detection performance that is superior to that of predefined categories. We also found that the products extracted by the proposed algorithm were more strongly correlated with the disease data than the standard predefined product categories, while also being more strongly correlated with each other than the products in any predefined category. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cami, Aurel; Wallstrom, Garrick L.; Hogan, William R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biomed Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Fowlkes, Ashley L.; Panozzo, Cathy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cami, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biomed Informat, Suite M-183 Parkvale Bldg,200 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM abc25@pitt.edu OI Hogan, William/0000-0002-9881-1017 FU NLM NIH HHS [R21 LM008278, R21 LM008278-02] NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.patrec.2008.09.008 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 402XA UT WOS:000263045200009 PM 20383287 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Holman, RC Plant, R Yorita, KL Holve, S Paisano, EL Cheek, JE AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Holman, Robert C. Plant, Randall Yorita, Krista L. Holve, Steve Paisano, Edna L. Cheek, James E. TI Trends in Otitis Media and Myringtomy With Tube Placement Among American Indian/Alaska Native Children and the US General Population of Children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE otitis media; myringtomy with insertion of tubes; American Indian; Alaska native; hospitalizations; outpatient visits; epidemiology; children; infants; United States ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ESKIMO CHILDREN; HEALTH-CARE; DISEASE; LIFE; OUTPATIENT; EFFICACY; INFANTS; INDIANS AB Background: Otitis media (OM) morbidity in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children is historically higher than that in other US children. Methods: Outpatient visits and hospitalizations listing OM as a diagnosis and outpatient visits listing myringotomy with insertion of tubes as a procedure among AI/AN children <5 years of age from the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting system for 2003-2005 were analyzed. Outpatient visits and hospitalizations with OM for the general US child population were analyzed using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care and National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys for 20032005, and the 2003 Kids' Inpatient Database, respectively. Results: The OM-associated outpatient visit rate for AI/AN children <5 years of age (89 per 100 children/yr) for 2003-2005 was less than that reported for 1994-1996 (138); however, the rate increased for Alaska region (158 to 181). The OM outpatient visit and myringotomy with insertion of tubes rates ( 181 and 2.6 per 100 children/yr, respectively) for AI/AN children in Alaska were higher than rates for children in each of the other IHS regions and rates for US children (63 and 1.8 per 100 children/yr, respectively). The OM Outpatient visit rates for AI/AN infants (184), especially in the Alaska region (334), were higher than the rate for US infants (84). Conclusions: The OM-associated Outpatient visit rate in AI/AN children <5 years of age has decreased but remains higher than that of the US general child Population; however, the rate increased in the Alaska region, where a limited decline in invasive pneumococcal disease has been demonstrated. The ongoing disparity in OM Outpatient visit rates among AI/AN children, especially Alaska Native children, indicates a need for new prevention measures, including expanded-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to reduce OM morbidity. C1 [Singleton, Rosalyn J.; Plant, Randall] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [Holman, Robert C.; Yorita, Krista L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Coordinating Ctr Infect, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holve, Steve] Tuba City Reg Hlth Corp, Pediat Unit, Tuba City, AZ USA. [Paisano, Edna L.] Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Program Stat, Rockville, MD USA. [Cheek, James E.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), AIP CDC, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318188d079 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 401OX UT WOS:000262952100005 PM 19131901 ER PT J AU Sigauque, B Roca, A Mandomando, I Morais, L Quinto, L Sacarlal, J Macete, E Nhamposa, T Machevo, S Aide, P Bassat, Q Bardaji, A Nhalungo, D Soriano-Gabarro, M Flannery, B Menendez, C Levine, MM Alonso, PL AF Sigauque, Betuel Roca, Anna Mandomando, Inacio Morais, Luis Quinto, Llorenc Sacarlal, Jahit Macete, Eusebio Nhamposa, Tacilta Machevo, Sonia Aide, Pedro Bassat, Quique Bardaji, Azucena Nhalungo, Delino Soriano-Gabarro, Montse Flannery, Brendan Menendez, Clara Levine, Myron M. Alonso, Pedro L. TI Community-Acquired Bacteremia Among Children Admitted to a Rural Hospital in Mozambique SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE community-acquired bacteremia; incidence; mortality; antibiotic-resistance; Mozambique ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ROUTINE INFANT IMMUNIZATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; MANHICA DISTRICT; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MALARIA AB Background: Although community-acquired bacteremia is an important cause of childhood mortality in Africa, recognition of disease burden and potential impact of bacterial vaccines is limited. Methods: Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens were conducted systematically among children <15 years of age admitted to Manhica District Hospital, from 2001 to 2006. Results: Blood-stream infections were identified in 8% (1550/19,896) of pediatric hospital admissions. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) and Pneumococcus were the most prevalent pathogens isolated (26% and 25% of 1550 cases, respectively). Until 28 days of life, Staphylococcus aureus (39%) and group B Streptococcus (20%) predominated. Incidence of community-acquired bacteremia per 100,000 child-years was 1730/10(5) in children < 1 year old, 782/10(5) in 1-4 year oldd, and 49/10(5) in children 5 years and older. Case-fatality of bacteremia was 12%. Community-acquired bacteremia associated mortality accounted for 21% (162/788.) of hospital deaths. Resistance to antibiotics commonly used in Mozambique was high among invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and NTS. Conclusions: Community-acquired bacteremia is an important cause of pediatric hospital admission and death in rural African hospitals. The high burden of disease, mortality, and pattern of antibiotic resistance associated with bacteremia underscore the need for prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Sigauque, Betuel; Roca, Anna; Mandomando, Inacio; Morais, Luis; Sacarlal, Jahit; Macete, Eusebio; Nhamposa, Tacilta; Machevo, Sonia; Aide, Pedro; Bassat, Quique; Bardaji, Azucena; Nhalungo, Delino; Menendez, Clara; Alonso, Pedro L.] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique. [Sigauque, Betuel; Mandomando, Inacio; Macete, Eusebio; Nhamposa, Tacilta; Aide, Pedro] Minist Saude, Inst Nacl Saude, Maputo, Mozambique. [Sigauque, Betuel; Roca, Anna; Mandomando, Inacio; Quinto, Llorenc; Sacarlal, Jahit; Aide, Pedro; Bassat, Quique; Bardaji, Azucena; Menendez, Clara; Alonso, Pedro L.] Univ Barcelona, CRESIB, Hosp Clin, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. [Sacarlal, Jahit; Machevo, Sonia] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. [Soriano-Gabarro, Montse; Flannery, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Levine, Myron M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Sigauque, B (reprint author), Rua 12,POB 1929, Maputo, Mozambique. EM betuel.sigauque@manhica.net RI Bassat, Quique/P-2341-2016 OI Bassat, Quique/0000-0003-0875-7596 FU Spanish Agency for Intemational Cooperation (AECI-Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spain); The Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) [GAT.770-790-01350-LPS]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [S00957] FX Supported by CISM core funding provided by the Spanish Agency for Intemational Cooperation (AECI-Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spain). This study was also partly supported by funds from The Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) through to the pneumonia and Pnetunococcus surveillance study (GAT.770-790-01350-LPS), and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine (Grant: S00957). NR 35 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318187a87d PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 401OX UT WOS:000262952100006 PM 19131902 ER PT J AU Bryant, K McDonald, LC AF Bryant, Kristina McDonald, L. Clifford TI Clostridium difficile Infections in Children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Clostridium difficile; diarrhea; antibiotic-associated diarrhea; colitis ID PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; TOXIN; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS C1 [Bryant, Kristina] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bryant, K (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 145 EP 146 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318198c984 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 401OX UT WOS:000262952100014 PM 19174687 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Kimball, M Tomashek, KM Anderson, RN Blanding, S AF Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Kimball, Melissa Tomashek, Kay M. Anderson, Robert N. Blanding, Sarah TI US Infant Mortality Trends Attributable to Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation in Bed From 1984 Through 2004: Are Rates Increasing? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE accidental suffocation; sudden unexpected infant death; sudden infant death syndrome; SIDS; infant mortality; classification; reporting; death certification; vital statistics; death-scene investigation; unintentional injury ID UNITED-STATES; DEATH-SYNDROME; SUDDEN; CLASSIFICATION AB OBJECTIVE. Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed, a subgroup of sudden, unexpected infant deaths, is a leading mechanism of injury-related infant deaths. We explored trends and characteristics of these potentially preventable deaths. METHODS. In this descriptive study, we analyzed US infant mortality data from 1984 through 2004. To explore trends in accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed and other sudden, unexpected infant deaths, we calculated cause-specific infant mortality rates and estimated proportionate mortality. Sudden, unexpected infant death was defined as a combination of all deaths attributed to accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed, sudden infant death syndrome, and unknown causes. Finally, we examined factors that were reported as contributing to these accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed deaths. RESULTS. Between 1984 and 2004, infant mortality rates attributed to accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed increased from 2.8 to 12.5 deaths per 100 000 live births. These rates remained relatively stagnant between 1984 and 1992 and increased between 1992 and 2004; the most dramatic increase occurred between 1996 and 2004 (14% average annual increase). In contrast, total sudden, unexpected infant death rates remained stagnant between 1996 and 2004, whereas the proportion of deaths attributed to sudden infant death syndrome declined and to unknown cause increased. Black male infants <4 months of age were disproportionately affected by accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Beds, cribs, and couches were reported as places where deaths attributed to accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed occurred. CONCLUSIONS. Infant mortality rates attributable to accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed have quadrupled since 1984. The reason for this increase is unknown. Prevention efforts should target those at highest risk and focus on helping parents and caregivers provide safer sleep environments. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 533-539 C1 [Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mat & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Anderson, Robert N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Shapiro-Mendoza, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mat & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-23,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ayn9@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3746 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397RB UT WOS:000262678700016 PM 19171619 ER PT J AU Donahue, JG Kieke, BA Yih, WK Berger, NR McCauley, JS Baggs, J Zangwill, KM Baxter, R Eriksen, EM Glanz, JM Hambidge, SJ Klein, NP Lewis, EM Marcy, SM Naleway, AL Nordin, JD Ray, P Belongia, EA AF Donahue, James G. Kieke, Burney A. Yih, W. Katherine Berger, Nicholas R. McCauley, Jeremy S. Baggs, James Zangwill, Kenneth M. Baxter, Roger Eriksen, Eileen M. Glanz, Jason M. Hambidge, Simon J. Klein, Nicola P. Lewis, Edwin M. Marcy, S. Michael Naleway, Allison L. Nordin, James D. Ray, Paula Belongia, Edward A. CA Vaccine Safety DataLink Team TI Varicella Vaccination and Ischemic Stroke in Children: Is There an Association? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella vaccine; stroke; encephalitis; child ID RISK-FACTORS; ZOSTER-VIRUS; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD STROKE; SAFETY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; HEMORRHAGE; CHICKENPOX; FEATURES AB BACKGROUND. Ischemic stroke is a known complication of varicella disease. Although there have been case reports of ischemic stroke after varicella vaccination, the existence and magnitude of any vaccine-associated risk has not been determined. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine whether varicella vaccination is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and encephalitis in children within 12 months after vaccination. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on computerized data from children 11 months through 17 years old enrolled for >= 12 months in the Vaccine Safety DataLink from 1991 through 2004. International Classification of Disease codes identified cases of ischemic stroke (433-436, 437.1, 437.4, 437.6, 437.8-437.9) and encephalitis (052.0, 323.5, 323.8-9). Cox regression was used to model the risk in the 12 months after vaccination relative to all other person-time. Covariates included calendar time, gender, and stroke risk factors (eg, sickle cell disease). RESULTS. Varicella vaccine was administered to 35.3% of the 3.2 million children in the cohort. There were 203 new inpatient ischemic stroke diagnoses, including 8 that occurred within 12 months after vaccination; there was no temporal clustering. The adjusted stroke hazard ratio was not elevated during any of the time periods in the 12 months after vaccination. Stroke was strongly associated with known risk factors such as sickle cell disease and cardiac disease. None of the 243 encephalitis cases occurred during the first 30 days after vaccination, and there was no association between encephalitis and varicella vaccination at any time in the 12 months after vaccination. CONCLUSION. Our retrospective cohort study of > 3 million children found no association between varicella vaccine and ischemic stroke. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e228-e234 C1 [Donahue, James G.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Yih, W. Katherine] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Yih, W. Katherine] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Baggs, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zangwill, Kenneth M.; Eriksen, Eileen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Baxter, Roger; Klein, Nicola P.; Lewis, Edwin M.; Ray, Paula] Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [Hambidge, Simon J.] Denver Hlth Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. [Marcy, S. Michael] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Naleway, Allison L.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Nordin, James D.] HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Donahue, JG (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, ML-2,1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM donahue.james@mcrf.mfldclin.edu OI Naleway, Allison/0000-0001-5747-4643; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00732] FX We thank Dr Maitreyi Mazumdar for help in specifying codes for ischemic stroke and its risk factors. We also thank the following members of the VSD team for their efforts in data management, project administration, and programming: Nita Herr and Deb Kempf (Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation); Amy Butani and Leslie Kuckler (Health Partners); Patti Benson and Darren Malais (Group Health Cooperative); Rich Fox and Charlene Gay (Harvard Pilgrim Health Care); Marcia Cunningham, Jo Ann Shoup, and Kristi Yamasaki (Kaiser Permanente Colorado); Loie Drew, Jill Mesa, and Karen Riedlinger (Kaiser Permanente Northwest); Julianne Gee and Eric Weintraub (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); and the staff of America's Health Insurance Plans. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP E228 EP E234 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2384 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397RB UT WOS:000262678700054 PM 19171574 ER PT J AU McQuillan, L Daley, MF Stokley, S Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, J Babbel, C Dickinson, LM Kempe, A AF McQuillan, Lon Daley, Matthew F. Stokley, Shannon Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Dickinson, L. Miriam Kempe, Allison TI Impact of the 2004-2005 Influenza Vaccine Shortage on Pediatric Practice: A National Survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Soc Pediat Res DE immunization; influenza vaccine; vaccine shortages; physician attitudes ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB BACKGROUND. A severe influenza vaccine shortage occurred during the 2004-2005 influenza season because of the loss of all vaccine made by Chiron (Emeryville, CA) for US distribution. OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to assess among pediatricians nationally: (1) influenza vaccine-delivery strategies; (2) reported vaccine shortages and factors associated with experiencing shortages; and (3) the impact of shortages on vaccine redistribution, patient referral, and clinical practice, including patient prioritization. METHODS. A survey was administered in March 2005 through June 2005 to 427 pediatricians who participated in a national network representative of the American Academy of Pediatrics membership. RESULTS. Our response rate was 82%. Thirty-nine percent of the pediatricians had a computerized method for identifying patients at high risk needing vaccination. Ninety-four percent and 79% reported giving high-priority to children >= 24 months old with high-risk conditions and children 6 to 23 months old, respectively, whereas 41% gave high-priority to household contacts and caregivers of children < 6 months old. Forty-three percent reported experiencing shortages of vaccine for patients at high risk, whereas only 14% ordered Chiron vaccine. In multivariate analyses, ordering vaccine from Chiron and ordering Aventis Pasteur (Lyon, France) vaccine solely from a vaccine distributor were associated with experiencing a shortage. Forty-eight percent of respondents obtained additional vaccine from another source, most frequently the public health sector, whereas 37% reported selling or giving away vaccine. In addition, 47% referred patients at high risk elsewhere for vaccination, primarily to public health clinics. Forty-nine percent reported having unused vaccine remaining at the end of the season. CONCLUSIONS. Although few pediatricians ordered Chiron vaccine, substantial influenza vaccine shortages were reported, highlighting the tenuousness of injectable influenza vaccine supplies for children. The extensive redistribution of vaccine suggests that cooperative efforts between the private and public sectors were widespread. Efforts to vaccinate patients at high risk during shortages would be aided by better systems to identify and recall these patients. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e186-e192 C1 [Daley, Matthew F.; Crane, Lori A.; Beaty, Brenda L.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO USA. [McQuillan, Lon; Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Crane, Lori A.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Aurora, CO USA. [Dickinson, L. Miriam] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Family Med, Aurora, CO USA. [McQuillan, Lon; Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McQuillan, L (reprint author), 3517 NW Samaritan Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lmcquillan@samhealth.org NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP E186 EP E192 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1035 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397RB UT WOS:000262678700048 PM 19171569 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Boulet, SL Boyle, C Rasmussen, SA Schendel, D AF Schieve, Laura A. Boulet, Sheree L. Boyle, Coleen Rasmussen, Sonja A. Schendel, Diana TI Health of Children 3 to 17 Years of Age With Down Syndrome in the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; mental retardation; health status; developmental disabilities; child health services ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; CELIAC-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; CARE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; DISORDERS AB OBJECTIVE. This study provides population-based estimates of recent medical conditions, concurrent developmental disorders, and health impact and utilization indicators for US children with and without Down syndrome. METHODS. The sample included children 3 to 17 years of age in the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey Child Sample Core and specifically included 146 children with Down syndrome, 604 children with mental retardation but without Down syndrome, and 95 454 children without either condition reported. Developmental and medical conditions, health status, and service use were reported by parents or other knowledgeable caregivers. RESULTS. After adjustment for demographic factors, children with Down syndrome had higher odds, compared with children without mental retardation, of recent food/digestive allergy, frequent diarrhea/colitis, >= 3 ear infections in the previous year, very recent head/chest cold, and developmental disabilities other than mental retardation. They had increased odds that approached significance for recent seizures, very recent stomach/intestinal illness, and asthma. They had substantially higher rates (threefold or higher, compared with children without mental retardation) for nearly all health impact and health and special education service use measures. Of note, > 25% of children with Down syndrome needed help with personal care, regularly took prescription medications, had recently seen a medical specialist, and received physical therapy or related therapy. The comparison group with mental retardation without Down syndrome represented many children with multiple serious disabilities who also had high rates of medical conditions and high levels of health impact and service use. CONCLUSION. These findings provide empirical, population-based data to inform guidelines for frequent monitoring and support for children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e253-e260 C1 [Schieve, Laura A.; Boulet, Sheree L.; Boyle, Coleen; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Schendel, Diana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lschieve@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP E253 EP E260 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1440 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397RB UT WOS:000262678700058 PM 19171577 ER PT J AU Shvedova, AA Kisin, ER Porter, D Schulte, P Kagan, VE Fadeel, B Castranova, V AF Shvedova, A. A. Kisin, E. R. Porter, D. Schulte, P. Kagan, V. E. Fadeel, B. Castranova, V. TI Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? SO PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanotoxicology; Cellular interactions; Pulmonary toxicity; Biomedical applications. ID INDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS PLAY; HUMAN MESOTHELIAL CELLS; ACUTE LUNG TOXICITY; IN-VITRO; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; VITAMIN-E; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; INHALED PARTICLES AB Nanotechnology is an emerging science involving manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale. There are several exciting prospects for the application of engineered nanomaterials in medicine. However, concerns over adverse and unanticipated effects on human health have also been raised. In fact, the same properties that make engineered nanomaterials attractive from a technological and biomedical perspective could also make these novel materials harmful to human health and the environment. Carbon nanotubes are cylinders of one or several coaxial graphite layer(s) with a diameter in the order of nanometers, and serve as an instructive example of the Janus-like properties of nanomaterials. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that carbon nanotubes and/or associated contaminants or catalytic materials that arise during the production process may induce oxidative stress and prominent pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies also suggest some similarities between the pathogenic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and those of asbestos fibers. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes can be readily functionalized and several studies on the use of carbon nanotubes as versatile excipients for drug delivery and imaging of disease processes have been reported, suggesting that carbon nanotubes may have a place in the armamentarium for treatment and monitoring of cancer, infection, and other disease conditions. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that holds great promise: however, close attention to safety issues is required to ensure that the opportunities that carbon nanotubes and other engineered nanoparticles offer can be translated into feasible and safe constructs for the treatment of human disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shvedova, A. A.; Kisin, E. R.; Porter, D.; Castranova, V.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Shvedova, A. A.; Porter, D.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schulte, P.] NIOSH, Educ Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Kagan, V. E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Fadeel, B.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Biochem Toxicol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Shvedova, AA (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ast1@cdc.gov RI Mahapatra, Indrani/D-7506-2011 FU NIOSH [OH008282]; NIH [HL70755, NORA 927000Y] FX This study was supported by grants from NIOSH OH008282, NIH HL70755, NORA 927000Y, NORA 927ZILU and the 7th Framework Program of the European Commission (EC-FP-7-NANOMMUNE-214281). NR 138 TC 213 Z9 218 U1 11 U2 101 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7258 J9 PHARMACOL THERAPEUT JI Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 121 IS 2 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.009 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 419RD UT WOS:000264236100007 PM 19103221 ER PT J AU Little, J Higgins, JPT Ioannidis, JPA Moher, D Gagnon, F von Elm, E Khoury, MJ Cohen, B Davey-Smith, G Grimshaw, J Scheet, P Gwinn, M Williamson, RE Zou, GY Hutchings, K Johnson, CY Tait, V Wiens, M Golding, J van Duijn, C McLaughlin, J Paterson, A Wells, G Fortier, I Freedman, M Zecevic, M King, R Infante-Rivard, C Stewart, AFR Birkett, N AF Little, Julian Higgins, Julian P. T. Ioannidis, John P. A. Moher, David Gagnon, France von Elm, Erik Khoury, Muin J. Cohen, Barbara Davey-Smith, George Grimshaw, Jeremy Scheet, Paul Gwinn, Marta Williamson, Robin E. Zou, Guang Yong Hutchings, Kim Johnson, Candice Y. Tait, Valerie Wiens, Miriam Golding, Jean van Duijn, Cornelia McLaughlin, John Paterson, Andrew Wells, George Fortier, Isabel Freedman, Matthew Zecevic, Maja King, Richard Infante-Rivard, Claire Stewart, Alex F. R. Birkett, Nick TI STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA) - An Extension of the STROBE Statement SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE gene-disease associations; genetics; gene-environment interaction; systematic review; meta analysis; reporting recommendations; epidemiology; genome-wide association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; COMPLEX DISEASES; PROSTATE-CANCER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. C1 [Little, Julian] Univ Ottawa, Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Little, Julian; Moher, David; Hutchings, Kim; Johnson, Candice Y.; Tait, Valerie; Wiens, Miriam; Birkett, Nick] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Higgins, Julian P. T.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Epidemiol & Modeling, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gagnon, France] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Biometry & Med Informat, German Cochrane Ctr, Freiburg, Germany. [Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Barbara] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Davey-Smith, George] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, MRC, Ctr Causal Analyses Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Grimshaw, Jeremy] Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Scheet, Paul] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Williamson, Robin E.] Amer Journal Human Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Zou, Guang Yong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. [Zou, Guang Yong] Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [van Duijn, Cornelia] European Journal Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [McLaughlin, John] Canc Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McLaughlin, John] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Paterson, Andrew] Hosp Sick Children SickKids, Canada Res Chair Genet Complex Dis, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wells, George] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Cardiovasc Res Methods Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] McGill Univ, Genome Quebec & P3G Observ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Freedman, Matthew] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zecevic, Maja] The Lancet, New York, NY USA. [King, Richard] Genet Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Golding, Jean] Paediat & Perinatal Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [King, Richard; Infante-Rivard, Claire] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol Biostatist & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Stewart, Alexandre/A-5677-2011; Grimshaw, Jeremy/D-8726-2013; McLaughlin, John/E-4577-2013; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307; Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206; Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164; Grimshaw, Jeremy/0000-0001-8015-8243; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; von Elm, Erik/0000-0002-7412-0406 FU Genome Canada; Genome Quebec FX The authors thank Kyle Vogan and Allen Wilcox for their participation in the workshop and for their comments; Michele Cargill (Affymetrix Inc) and Aaron del Duca (DNA Genotek) for their participation in the workshop as observers; and the Public Population Project in Genomics (P3G), hosted by the University of Montreal and supported by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. This article was made possible thanks to input and discussion by the P3G International Working Group on Epidemiology and Biostatistics, discussion held in Montreal, May 2007. The authors also thank the reviewers for their very thoughtful feedback, and Silvia Visentin, Rob Moriarity, Morgan Macneill and Valery L'Heureux for administrative support. We were unable to contact Barbara Cohen to confirm her involvement in the latest version of this article. NR 154 TC 138 Z9 145 U1 5 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 151 EP 163 AR e1000022 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000022 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410TA UT WOS:000263600000009 PM 19192942 ER PT J AU Gatlin, MR Black, CL Mwinzi, PN Secor, WE Karanja, DM Colley, DG AF Gatlin, Michael R. Black, Carla L. Mwinzi, Pauline N. Secor, W. Evan Karanja, Diana M. Colley, Daniel G. TI Association of the Gene Polymorphisms IFN-gamma+874, IL-13-1055 and IL-4-590 with Patterns of Reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; IGE LEVELS; ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION; RESISTANT INDIVIDUALS; CHROMOSOME 5Q31-Q33; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ENDEMIC AREA; ADULT WORMS AB Background: The immunologic findings that most consistently correlate with resistance in human schistosomiasis are high levels of IgE and low levels of IgG4. We have genotyped gene and promoter polymorphisms of cytokines associated with regulation of these isotypes in a cohort of men occupationally exposed to Schistosoma mansoni in western Kenya and evaluated their patterns with respect to resistance and susceptibility to reinfection after treatment and cure with praziquantel (PZQ). Methodology/Principal Findings: In this cohort, polymorphisms in IL-4 (-590T high IgE), IL-13 (-1055T high producer) and IFN-gamma (+874A high producer) demonstrated several correlations with resistance to reinfection. Resistance to reinfection was significantly correlated with the heterozygous IL-4 - 590 genotype C/T (OR 3.5, [CI 1.2, 10.2]) compared to T/T. Among men with a homozygous IL-13 genotype CC/TT, having a T allele at the IFN-gamma + 874 position increased the odds of resistance relative to individuals with the IFN-gamma + 874 A/A genotype (OR = 17.5 [CI 3.0, 101.5]). Among men with homozygous A/A IFN-gamma genotype, the heterozygous IL-13 genotype C/T was associated with resistance relative to the homozygous C/C or T/T genotypes (OR = 22.5 [CI 3.5, 144.4]). No increases in odds of resistance were found in relation to the IL-13 genotype among those with a T allele in the IFN-gamma gene or in relation to the IFN-gamma genotype among those with a heterozygous IL-13 genotype. Calculation of the attributable proportion of resistance showed a significant synergistic interaction between IL-13 - 1055 C/T and IL-4 -590 C/T. Conclusions: The identified polymorphisms do not by themselves confer resistance or susceptibility, but we propose that these genotypes allow the resistant phenotype to be developed and expressed upon suitable immune exposure. Based on the literature, these polymorphisms contribute to the regulation of their respective cytokines, likely leading to downstream differences in the production and interrelationships of critical defense mechanisms. C1 [Gatlin, Michael R.; Black, Carla L.; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mwinzi, Pauline N.; Karanja, Diana M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Gatlin, MR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dcolley@uga.edu RI Greenberg, Robert/D-1091-2009 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007123]; NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI060546, AI 053695, R01 AI053695] NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 AR e375 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000375 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 438DR UT WOS:000265536600008 PM 19190772 ER PT J AU Johansson, MA Dominici, F Glass, GE AF Johansson, Michael A. Dominici, Francesca Glass, Gregory E. TI Local and Global Effects of Climate on Dengue Transmission in Puerto Rico SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; AEDES-AEGYPTI; EL-NINO; FEVER; MODELS; TEMPERATURE; EPIDEMICS; DYNAMICS; VIRUS; VARIABILITY AB The four dengue viruses, the agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in humans, are transmitted predominantly by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The abundance and the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti are influenced by temperature and precipitation. While there is strong biological evidence for these effects, empirical studies of the relationship between climate and dengue incidence in human populations are potentially confounded by seasonal covariation and spatial heterogeneity. Using 20 years of data and a statistical approach to control for seasonality, we show a positive and statistically significant association between monthly changes in temperature and precipitation and monthly changes in dengue transmission in Puerto Rico. We also found that the strength of this association varies spatially, that this variation is associated with differences in local climate, and that this relationship is consistent with laboratory studies of the impacts of these factors on vector survival and viral replication. These results suggest the importance of temperature and precipitation in the transmission of dengue viruses and suggest a reason for their spatial heterogeneity. Thus, while dengue transmission may have a general system, its manifestation on a local scale may differ from global expectations. C1 [Johansson, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. [Johansson, Michael A.; Glass, Gregory E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Dominici, Francesca] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Johansson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. EM mjohansson@cdc.gov FU NIH 'Computational Models of Infectious Disease [U01 GM070708-04] FX The study was funded by the CDC and grant U01 GM070708-04 from NIH 'Computational Models of Infectious Disease Threats.' The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 AR e382 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000382 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 438DR UT WOS:000265536600014 PM 19221592 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Crews, JE Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Crews, John E. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Disability and its correlates with chronic morbidities among US adults aged 50-< 65 years SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Age; BRFSS; Chronic morbidities; Disability ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; OLDER MEXICAN-AMERICANS; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; RISK-FACTORS; VALIDITY; ASSOCIATION; ARTHRITIS; PEOPLE AB Objective. To examine the prevalence of disability and its associations with multiple chronic morbidities in U.S. adults aged 50-<65 years. Methods. Self-reported data on disability and chronic morbidities were collected from 95,103 participants (aged 50-<65 years) of the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prevalence estimates for disability and chronic morbidities were age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. Adjusted odds ratios for disability among people with chronic morbidities (versus those without) were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Results. The age-adjusted prevalence of the six chronic morbidities ranged from 3.1% (for stroke) to 40.3% (for arthritis). Overall, the prevalence of disability was 26.3%; it was significantly higher in adults with chronic morbidities than in those without and increased linearly with the number of the chronic morbidities. Adults with any of the chronic morbidities were 1.9 to 4.5 times as likely, and adults with 1 to 5-6 of the chronic morbidities were 2.7 to 42.9 times as likely, to have disability as those without after adjustment for demographics, smoking and leisure-time exercise. Conclusions. Chronic morbidities remain major factors associated with disability in adults aged 50-<65 years. Effective interventions to prevent and manage chronic diseases from an earlier age may help reduce the risk of disability. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Crews, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Human Dev & Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.002 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 414JV UT WOS:000263860600004 PM 19046983 ER PT J AU McClave, AK Dube, SR Strine, TW Mokdad, AH AF McClave, Annette K. Dube, Shanta R. Strine, Tara W. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Associations between health-related quality of life and smoking status among a large sample of US adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Smoking cessation; Health-related quality of life; Sex differences; Well-being; BRFSS ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; HEAVY SMOKERS; EX-SMOKERS; CESSATION; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY AB Objective. To examine the association between self-perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and smoking status. Methods. We used data from 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, USA participants in four states (n=17,800) to compare the HRQoL of current smokers who unsuccessfully attempted to quit (unsuccessful quitters), former smokers, and never smokers with the HRQoL of current smokers who made no attempts to quit (non-quitters). Results. Overall, unsuccessful quitters were more likely than non-quitters to report frequent mental distress, physical distress, and pain but not frequent depressive symptoms: former and never smokers were less likely than non-quitters to report frequent depressive symptoms. When study subjects were stratified by sex, these associations held true for men, but not for women. Among women, the prevalence of frequent mental and physical distress among former smokers and never smokers was not significantly different from the prevalence among non-quitters, whereas unsuccessful quitters were 2.4 times more likely to report frequent mental distress and 2.1 times more likely to report frequent, physical distress than were nonquitters. Conclusions. Certain HRQoL characteristics were worse among smokers who unsuccessfully attempted to quit and better among former smokers than among smokers who made no attempts to quit. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McClave, Annette K.; Dube, Shanta R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Health, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McClave, AK (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM AMcClave@cdc.gov OI Regan, Annette/0000-0002-3879-6193 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 414JV UT WOS:000263860600014 PM 19103219 ER PT J AU Pearson, WS Dube, SR Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Pearson, William S. Dube, Shanta R. Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among smokers: Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Pneumonia; Vaccinations; Smoking ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; SMOKING; STATES AB Objective. Smoking is associated with increased risk for respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in influenza and pneumoccocal vaccination rates exist based on smoking status. Methods. Data from the 2006 Behavior Risk Fact Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to examine Influenza vaccinations among respondents 50-years-old and older (n = 198,500) and pneumococcal vaccinations among adults 65-years-old and older (n =61,894). Differences in vaccination rates were tested among current smokers, former smokers and never smokers using chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regression models. Results. Current smokers were found to have lower influenza and pneumoccocal vaccination rates compared to former smokers and never smokers in bi-variate associations (p<.01). Current smokers had decreased odds of receiving influenza vaccinations compared to never smokers (O.R. 0.75, 95% C.I. 0.71-0.80), and former smokers had increased odds of receiving influenza vaccinations compared to never smokers (O.R. 1.17, 95% C.I. 1.12-1.22). Former smokers had greater odds of receiving pneumococcal vaccinations compared to never smokers (O.R. 1.32,1.24-1.41). Conclusions. It is important for current smokers to receive both influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Health care providers should assess and advise current smokers to quit, as well as promote receipt of vaccinations among current smokers to help prevent respiratory infections. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pearson, William S.; Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dube, Shanta R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pearson, WS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Wpearson@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.001 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 414JV UT WOS:000263860600015 PM 19041339 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Fairweather, D Pearson, WS Felitti, VJ Anda, RF Croft, JB AF Dube, Shanta R. Fairweather, DeLisa Pearson, William S. Felitti, Vincent J. Anda, Robert F. Croft, Janet B. TI Cumulative Childhood Stress and Autoimmune Diseases in Adults SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE childhood abuse; traumatic stress; autoimmune diseases; stress; inflammatory response ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERIENCES; ADVERSE; WOMEN; NEGLECT; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective: To examine whether childhood traumatic stress increased the risk of developing autoimmune diseases as an adult. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 15,357 adult health maintenance organization members enrolled in the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Study from 1995 to 1997 in San Diego, California, and eligible for follow-up through 2005. ACEs included childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; growing up with household substance abuse, mental illness, parental divorce, and/or an incarcerated household member. The total number of ACEs (ACE Score range = 0-8) was used as a measure of cumulative childhood stress. The Outcome was hospitalizations for any of 21 selected autoimmune diseases and 4 immunopathology groupings: T- helper 1 (Th1) (e.g., idiopathic myocarditis); T-helper 2 (Th2) (e.g., myasthenia gravis); Th2 rheumatic (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis); and mixed Th1/Th2 (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Results: Sixty-four percent reported at least one ACE. The event rate (per 10,000 person-years) for a first hospitalization with any autoimmune disease was 31.4 in women and 34.4 in trien. First hospitalizations for any autoimmune disease increased with increasing number of ACEs (p < .05). Compared with persons with no ACEs, persons with :2 ACEs were at a 70% increased risk for hospitalizations with Th1, 80% increased risk for Th2, and 100% increased risk for rheumatic diseases (p < .05). Conclusions: Childhood traumatic stress increased the likelihood of hospitalization with a diagnosed autoimmune disease decades into adulthood. These findings are consistent with recent biological studies on the impact of early life stress on subsequent inflammatory responses. C1 [Dube, Shanta R.; Pearson, William S.; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fairweather, DeLisa] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Felitti, Vincent J.] Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford HighwayNE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skd7@cdc.gov FU Garfield Memorial Fund [TS44 to 10/11]; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute [200-2005-M-13275]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [R01 FIL087033] FX The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study was supported under cooperative agreement #TS44 to 10/11 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Association of Prevention Teaching and Research and a grant from the Garfield Memorial Fund. This study was also partially supported through a sole source contract (#200-2005-M-13275) with the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute. Dr. Fairweather is supported by Grant R01 FIL087033 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. NR 59 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 5 U2 31 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0033-3174 EI 1534-7796 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 71 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907888 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 411NT UT WOS:000263657000013 PM 19188532 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MW Bailer, AJ AF Wheeler, Matthew W. Bailer, A. John TI Benchmark Dose Estimation Incorporating Multiple Data Sources SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic toxicology; Bayesian methods; generalized linear mixed models; hierarchical models; lab-to-lab variability; Poisson responses ID COMBINING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION; TOXICITY; OUTCOMES; MODEL AB With the increased availability of toxicological hazard information arising from multiple experimental sources, risk assessors are often confronted with the challenge of synthesizing all available scientific information into an analysis. This analysis is further complicated because significant between-source heterogeneity/lab-to-lab variability is often evident. We estimate benchmark doses using hierarchical models to account for the observed heterogeneity. These models are used to construct source-specific and population-average estimates of the benchmark dose (BMD). This is illustrated with an analysis of the U.S. EPA Region IX's reference toxicity database on the effects of sodium chloride on reproduction in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Results show that such models may effectively account for the lab-source heterogeneity while producing BMD estimates that more truly reflect the variability of the system under study. Failing to account for such heterogeneity may result in estimates having confidence intervals that are overly narrow. C1 [Bailer, A. John] Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Wheeler, Matthew W.] NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM baileraj@muohio.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01144.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 397VQ UT WOS:000262690700008 PM 19000080 ER PT J AU Kaplan, MS Crespo, CJ Huguet, N Marks, G AF Kaplan, Mark S. Crespo, Carlos J. Huguet, Nathalie Marks, Gary TI Ethnic/Racial Homogeneity and Sexually Transmitted Disease: A Study of 77 Chicago Community Areas SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; NEIGHBORHOOD COMPOSITION; RACIAL DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG MEN; SEX; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; BEHAVIORS; AMERICANS AB Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain an intractable public health problem in the United States. Wide ethnic and racial disparities, persist in the rates of reported STDs. Blacks and Hispanics have higher rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea than European Americans. Methods: With data collected in 2002 from 77 well defined communities in Chicago, we examined the association of ethnic/racial homogeneity of the communities and incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhea. The multivariate regression models controlled for other sociodemographic variables. Results: Communities where at. least 60% of the residents were black had significantly higher incidence rates of these 2 STDs compared with communities where at least 60% of the residents were Hispanic. Independent of ethnic/racial homogeneity of the community, the incidence of these STDs was higher in communities that had a larger percentage of persons living in poverty, a larger percentage unemployed, fewer high school graduates, and more residents between the ages of 15 and 44. Conclusion: The challenge for public health authorities is to consider policy options that respond not only to sexual risk behaviors, but also to the contextual attitudes, cultural traditions, and norms, and social circumstances in ethnically homogeneous communities that may affect the spread of STDs in disadvantaged urban populations. C1 [Kaplan, Mark S.; Crespo, Carlos J.; Huguet, Nathalie] Portland State Univ, Sch Community Hlth, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Marks, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaplan, MS (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Sch Community Hlth, 506 SW Mill St,450-J Urban Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM Kaplanm@pdx.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818b20fa PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TC UT WOS:000262890500011 PM 19125143 ER PT J AU Barry, PM Kent, CK Scott, KC Goldenson, J Klausner, JD AF Barry, Pennan M. Kent, Charlotte K. Scott, Katherine C. Goldenson, Joseph Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Is Jail Screening Associated With a Decrease in Chlamydia Positivity Among Females Seeking Health Services at Community Clinics?-San Francisco, 1997-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS; YOUNG MEN; TRACHOMATIS; WOMEN; INCARCERATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; PRISON AB Background: Young adults entering jail are at increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as chlamydia, are released quickly, and are unlikely to be tested for STDs elsewhere. San Francisco jails performed targeted chlamydia screening and treatment since 1996. Goal: To determine this program's impact on chlamydia positivity among females attending neighborhood medical clinics. Study Design: During 1997-2004, jail testing density, a measure of the proportion of persons from year 2000 census blocks that were tested in jail, was compared by neighborhood. Chlamydia positivity among females aged 15 to 25 years were compared at 2 clinics serving areas with different jail testing densities. Results: Of persons offered screening at intake, 89% accepted. A total of 42,952 tests were performed among 23,561 persons in jail (45% black, 73% male). A total of 2765 (6.4%) tests were positive for chlamydia; 81% of chlamydial infections were treated. Jail testing density significantly correlated with neighborhood female chlamydia rates. Mean jail testing density at Clinic S, calculated by using he residence of persons tested for chlamydia, was 7 times greater than that at Clinic O. Chlamydia positivity declined at Clinic S from 16.1% to 7.8% (P(trend) <0.001). No significant change occurred at Clinic 0 in chlamydia (4.7% in 1997 and 2004, P(trend) = 0.81). Conclusions: In San Francisco, screening young adults in jail focused testing on persons from neighborhoods with high chlamydia rates. Jail screening started immediately before chlamydia declines among young females at a clinic serving neighborhoods with high jail testing density. These programs might help reduce community prevalence and racial/ethnic disparities in STDs. C1 [Barry, Pennan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barry, Pennan M.; Kent, Charlotte K.; Scott, Katherine C.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. [Goldenson, Joseph] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Jail Hlth Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Barry, PM (reprint author), 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM pennanbarry@gmail.com NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S22 EP S28 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815ed7c8 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700007 PM 18418298 ER PT J AU Barry, PM Kent, CK Klausner, JD AF Barry, Pennan M. Kent, Charlotte K. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Risk Factors for Gonorrhea Among Heterosexuals-San Francisco, 2006 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; STATES AB Goal. In San Francisco, coinciding with increases in the western United States, we observed substantial gonorrhea increases among young heterosexuals during 2003-2005. We conducted a case-control study to identify intervention strategies for prevention and control. Study Design: We interviewed case patients with gonorrhea during February-July, 2006 and control subjects at the local Department of Motor Vehicles. We included sexually active heterosexuals aged 15 to 35 years in sex-stratified analyses. Results: We interviewed 225 persons: 24 male and 28 female case patients and 98 male and 75 female control subjects. In multivariable analysis adjusting for black race and multiple partners among men, black race [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-15.0], having had multiple partners (AOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.5), having had an anonymous partner (AOR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.9-21.4), and a long-term partnership (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) were associated with gonococcal infection. Among women, after adjustment for age, multiple partners, and black race (subject or partner), being black or having a black partner (AOR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.2-21.8), having had a recently incarcerated partner (AOR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.0-38.4), or meeting partners on the street (AOR, 19.0; 95% CI, 2.0-179.0) were associated with gonococcal infection. Conclusions: Demographic and behavioral factors increase risk for gonorrhea among heterosexuals in San Francisco with partner characteristics being particularly important. Prevention and control efforts are focusing on blacks and incarcerated populations using street-based outreach and expanded screening and treatment. C1 [Barry, Pennan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barry, Pennan M.; Kent, Charlotte K.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Barry, PM (reprint author), 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. EM pennanbarry@gmail.com NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S62 EP S66 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815faab8 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700015 PM 18418303 ER PT J AU Burke, R Rhodes, J AF Burke, Robert Rhodes, Jeselyn TI Lessons Learned on the Implementation of Jail Syphilis Screening in Nashville, Davidson County Jail, 1999-2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TENNESSEE; EPIDEMIC C1 [Rhodes, Jeselyn] Metro Publ Hlth Dept Nashville & Davidson Cty, Nashville, TN USA. [Burke, Robert] CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rhodes, J (reprint author), Metro Publ Hlth Dept, 311 23rd Ave North, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM jeselyn.rhodes@nashville.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S14 EP S16 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181514872 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700005 PM 17898676 ER PT J AU Chow, JM Joesoef, MR Kent, C Weinstock, H Fenton, K AF Chow, Joan M. Joesoef, M. Riduan Kent, Charlotte Weinstock, Hillard Fenton, Kevin TI Responding to the Burden of STD, HIV and Viral Hepatitis in Correctional Populations through Program Collaboration and Integration SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chow, Joan M.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Epidemiol & Surveillance Sect, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Joesoef, M. Riduan; Weinstock, Hillard; Fenton, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kent, Charlotte] San Franciso Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Chow, JM (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Epidemiol & Surveillance Sect, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM joan.chow@cdph.ca.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181949359 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700001 PM 19125140 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Weinstock, HS Kent, CK Chow, JM Boudov, MR Parvez, FM Cox, T Lincoln, T Miller, JL Sternberg, M AF Joesoef, M. Riduan Weinstock, Hillard S. Kent, Charlotte K. Chow, Joan M. Boudov, Melina R. Parvez, Farah M. Cox, Tamara Lincoln, Thomas Miller, Jamie L. Sternberg, Maya CA Corrections STD Prevalence Monitor TI Sex and Age Correlates of Chlamydia Prevalence in Adolescents and Adults Entering Correctional Facilities, 2005: Implications for Screening Policy SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; JUVENILE DETENTION CENTERS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INCARCERATED ADOLESCENTS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; PARTNER AB Objectives: To evaluate sex and age correlates of chlamydia prevalence incarcerated populations. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of chlamydia prevalence by demographic characteristics from incarcerated females and males entering selected juvenile and adult correctional facilities (jails) in the United States in 2005. Results: A total of 97,681 and 52,485 incarcerated persons aged >= 12 years were screened for chlamydia in 141 juvenile and 22 adult correctional facilities, respectively. Overall, chlamydia prevalence was high in females (14.3% and 7.5%) in both juvenile and adult facilities when compared with that in males (6.0% and 4.6%). The chlamydia prevalence was higher in incarcerated females than in incarcerated males for persons :535 years, and prevalence was highest among females aged :525 years (range, 11.3%-15.6%). In juvenile facilities, prevalence did not steadily increase with age in females (12.8% in 12-14 years, 15.1% in 15-17 years, and 14.3% in 18-20 years) whereas in males prevalence steadily increased with age (2.4% in 12-14 years to 8.7% in 18-20 years). In females and males the highest prevalence in juvenile facilities was in incarcerated blacks (18.4% and 9.6%, respectively). In adult facilities, the prevalence was consistently highest in younger detainees: in females it was 15.6% in 18- to 20-year olds compared with 1.5% in those >40 years; in males it was 8.8% in 18-to 20-year olds compared with 1.4% in those >40 years. C1 [Joesoef, M. Riduan; Weinstock, Hillard S.; Kent, Charlotte K.; Cox, Tamara; Miller, Jamie L.; Sternberg, Maya] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chow, Joan M.; Miller, Jamie L.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, VA USA. [Boudov, Melina R.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Parvez, Farah M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lincoln, Thomas] Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrj1@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S67 EP S71 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815d6de8 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700016 PM 19125147 ER PT J AU MacGowan, R Margolis, A Richardson-Moore, A Wang, T Lalota, M French, PT Stodola, J McKeever, J Carrel, J Mullins, J Llanas, M Griffiths, SD AF MacGowan, Robin Margolis, Andrew Richardson-Moore, April Wang, Terry Lalota, Marlene French, P. Tyler Stodola, James McKeever, Jennifer Carrel, Jack Mullins, Jolene Llanas, Michelle Griffiths, Sean David CA Rapid Testing Corrections RTIC Tea TI Voluntary Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing in Jails SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To provide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing to persons in jails, identify previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection, and refer HIV-infected inmates to care, treatment, and prevention services. Design: Four state health departments (Florida, Louisiana, New York, and Wisconsin) collaborated with jails to implement stand-alone voluntary rapid HIV testing programs. Inmates requested or were referred by medical staff for rapid HIV testing. HIV testing was provided by the health department, correctional facility, or a community-based organization. Inmates whose rapid test was reactive were offered confirmatory testing, medical evaluation, prevention services, and discharge planning. Results: From December 2003 through May 2006, rapid HIV testing was provided to 33,211 inmates, more than 99.9% of whom received their test results. Most of the inmates tested were male (79%), black (58%), and less than 35 years of age (60%). A total of 440 (13%) rapid HIV tests were reactive, and 409 (1.2%) of the results were confirmed positive. The testing programs identified 269 (0.8%) previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection. In the multivariate analyses, new HIV diagnoses were associated with race/ethnicity, report of risky behaviors, and with no report of HIV risk behavior. Almost 40% of diagnoses were for inmates whose only reported risk was heterosexual contact. Conclusions: Rapid HIV testing in jails identified a considerable number of previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection. Rapid HIV testing should be available to all inmates, regardless of whether inmates reported HIV risky behaviors. C1 [MacGowan, Robin; Margolis, Andrew; Wang, Terry; Griffiths, Sean David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richardson-Moore, April] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Direct Program Operat, Albany, NY USA. [Lalota, Marlene] Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur HIV AIDS, Tallahassee, FL USA. [French, P. Tyler] New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Menands, NY USA. [Stodola, James; Llanas, Michelle] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [McKeever, Jennifer; Carrel, Jack] Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. [Mullins, Jolene] Broward Cty Hlth Dept, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP MacGowan, R (reprint author), US PHS Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmacgowan@cdc.gov FU Florida Department of Health; Louisiana Office of Public Health; New York State Department of Health; Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Department of Health and Human Services through contracts with the Florida Department of Health, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, and the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S9 EP S13 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318148b6b1 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700004 PM 17724428 ER PT J AU McIntyre, AF Studzinski, A Beidinger, HA Rabins, C AF McIntyre, Anne F. Studzinski, Alice Beidinger, Heidi A. Rabins, Charlie TI STD, HIV/AIDS, and Hepatitis Services in Illinois County Jails SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; HEALTH; WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE; ARRESTEES; POLICIES AB Objective: To assess the availability of STD, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis services provided at Illinois adult county jails. Goal: Identify opportunities and barriers to service provision. Study Design: Telephone survey to those providing medical services in Illinois county jails. Results: Eighty-one (89%) of 91 Illinois jails responded. Half (49.3%) of the facilities offered on-site testing for STD, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis on demand/with symptoms, although only 4 offered routine screening. Discharge planning services were offered in only 40% of facilities. Cost (43.2%) and limited staff (14.8%) were cited as primary barriers to service provision. Conclusions: Screening, treatment, and discharge planning services for STD, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis are not universal in Illinois jails. Despite current levels of funding and staffing assistance from health departments to jails, further collaboration is needed to improve case identification and treatment in this high-risk population. Needs assessments are useful in identifying opportunities and barriers to service provision. C1 [McIntyre, Anne F.; Beidinger, Heidi A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McIntyre, Anne F.] Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. [Studzinski, Alice; Rabins, Charlie] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, STD Sect, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Beidinger, Heidi A.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent & Care Program, Chicago, IL USA. RP McIntyre, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zat4@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S37 EP S40 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815e4167 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700010 PM 18303351 ER PT J AU Miller, JL Samoff, E Bolan, G AF Miller, Jamie L. Samoff, Erika Bolan, Gail CA Chlamydia Screening Project ClaSP TI Implementing Chlamydia Screening Programs in Juvenile Correctional Settings: The California Experience SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DETENTION FACILITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To present strategies, methods, and tools for implementing a chlamydia screening program across diverse county juvenile justice systems in California,, and to present screening and treatment outcomes of this program. Methods: Requirements for juvenile hall participants in a chlamydia screening program were described as well as the administrative structure of program implementation. An assessment of screening using administrative data was conducted. Facilitators and barriers to implementation were identified through interviews with local program coordinators and/or institutional medical and correctional staff. Results: Screening projects were implemented in January 2003 in 15 counties (18 juvenile halls) throughout the state. Among institutions with relevant data, the proportion of female detainees screened for chlamydia rose from 35% preprogram implementation to 66% in 2006. Conclusions: High screening levels with high case yields and treatment rates in the juvenile correctional setting can be accomplished and sustained despite many barriers, if effective collaboration between public health and correctional entities is established. C1 [Miller, Jamie L.; Samoff, Erika; Bolan, Gail] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Miller, Jamie L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, DSTD, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, JL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jamie.miller@cdph.ca.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; California Department of Health Services FX This program was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems and Infertility Prevention Project Grants) and the California Department of Health Services. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S53 EP S57 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644658 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700013 PM 18449073 ER PT J AU Pathela, P Hennessy, RR Blank, S Parvez, F Franklin, W Schillinger, JA AF Pathela, Preeti Hennessy, Robin R. Blank, Susan Parvez, Farah Franklin, Woodman Schillinger, Julia A. TI The Contribution of a Urine-Based Jail Screening Program to Citywide Male Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Case Rates in New York City SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; TRACHOMATIS; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; MEN AB Background: With noninvasive specimen types, males can be more easily screened for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Long-standing universal screening of males attending New York City (NYC) sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics has yielded a substantial number of chlamydia cases. In 2005, screening was expanding to another large group at high risk for STD: males <= 35 years old entering 6 adult jails. Methods: Surveillance data and data from laboratory practice surveys were examined to evaluate changes in the reported burden of chlamydia and gonorrhea in NYC males over time. Citywide data for male chlamydia and gonorrhea cases were analyzed by report year and provider type (STD clinic, adult jail, juvenile detention, private-sector provider) from 2004 through 2006. Results: In the first year of the adult jail screening program, the number of chlamydia cases among males :535 years old reported from the jails increased by 1636%, surpassing all other providers in numbers of cases contributed, and increasing the citywide reported male chlamydia case rate by 59%. Adult jails reported 40% more cases than all 10 NYC public STD clinics combined. In 2006, adult jails continued to contribute a similar proportion to citywide male chlamydia case reports. In the first year of the jail screening program, there was an approximately 10-fold increase in the number of gonorrhea cases reported from jails. Conclusions: Young men in adult jails have a large burden of chlamydial infection. Correctional screening and treatment programs present an important opportunity to improve the health of inmates and interrupt disease transmission. C1 [Pathela, Preeti; Hennessy, Robin R.; Blank, Susan; Parvez, Farah; Franklin, Woodman; Schillinger, Julia A.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Hennessy, Robin R.; Blank, Susan; Parvez, Farah; Schillinger, Julia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pathela, P (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Room 207,CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ppathela@health.nyc.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S58 EP S61 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815615bb PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700014 PM 17989586 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Sansom, SL Richardson-Moore, A French, PT Scalco, B Lalota, M Llanas, M Stodola, J MacGowan, R Margolis, A AF Shrestha, Ram K. Sansom, Stephanie L. Richardson-Moore, April French, P. Tyler Scalco, Beth Lalota, Marlene Llanas, Michelle Stodola, James MacGowan, Robin Margolis, Andrew TI Costs of Voluntary Rapid HIV Testing and Counseling in Jails in 4 States-Advancing HIV Prevention Demonstration Project, 2003-2006 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: To assess the costs of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling to identify new diagnoses of HIV infection among jail inmates. Study Design: We obtained program costs and testing outcomes from rapid HIV testing and counseling services provided in jails from March 1, 2004, through February 28, 2005, in Florida, Louisiana, New York, and Wisconsin. We obtained annual program delivery costs-fixed and variable costs-from each project area. We estimated the average cost of providing counseling and testing to HIV-negative and HIV-infected inmates and estimated the cost per newly diagnosed HIV infection. Results: In the 4 project areas, 17,433 inmates (range, 2185-6463) were tested: HIV infection was diagnosed for 152 inmates (range, 4-81). The average cost of testing ranged from $29.46 to $44.98 for an HIV-negative inmate and from $71.37 to $137.72 for an HIV-infected inmate. The average cost per newly diagnosed HIV infection ranged from $2,451 to $25,288. Variable costs were 61% to 86% of total costs. Conclusion: The cost of identifying jail inmates with newly diagnosed HIV infection by using rapid HIV testing varied according to the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among inmates tested in project areas. Variations in the cost of testing HIV-negative and HIV-infected inmates were because of the differences in wages, travel to the jails, and the amount of time spent on counseling and testing. Program managers can use these data to gauge the cost of initiating counseling and testing programs in jails or to streamline current programs. C1 [Shrestha, Ram K.; Sansom, Stephanie L.; MacGowan, Robin; Margolis, Andrew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Richardson-Moore, April; French, P. Tyler] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Direct Program Operat, Albany, NY USA. [Scalco, Beth] Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. [Lalota, Marlene] Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur HIV AIDS, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Llanas, Michelle; Stodola, James] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM biu0@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP S5 EP S8 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318148b69f PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 400TE UT WOS:000262890700003 PM 19222142 ER PT J AU Tunthanathip, P Lolekha, R Bollen, LJM Chaovavanich, A Siangphoe, U Nandavisai, C Suksripanich, O Sirivongrangson, P Wiratchai, A Inthong, Y Eampokalap, B Ausavapipit, J Akarasewi, P Fox, KK AF Tunthanathip, P. Lolekha, R. Bollen, L. J. M. Chaovavanich, A. Siangphoe, U. Nandavisai, C. Suksripanich, O. Sirivongrangson, P. Wiratchai, A. Inthong, Y. Eampokalap, B. Ausavapipit, J. Akarasewi, P. Fox, K. K. TI Indicators for sexual HIV transmission risk among people in Thailand attending HIV care: the importance of positive prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference of the International-Union-against-Sexually-Transmitted-Infections CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP Int Union Sexually Transmitted Infect ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; INTERVENTIONS; INFECTION; ADHERENCE; EPIDEMIC; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Almost half of all new HIV infections in Thailand occur among low-risk partners of people infected with HIV, so it is important to include people infected with HIV in prevention efforts. Methods: Risk for HIV transmission was assessed among people with HIV attending routine care at the National Infectious Disease Institute in Thailand. Sexual risk behaviour, sexually transmitted infection (STI-syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and genital ulcers) prevalence and HIV disclosure status were assessed. Patients were provided with STI care, risk-reduction and HIV disclosure counselling. Results: Baseline data were assessed among 894 consecutive people with HIV (395 men and 499 women) from July 2005 to September 2006. Unprotected last sex with a partner of unknown or negative HIV status (unsafe sex) was common (33.2%) and more likely with casual, commercial or male-to-male sex partners than with steady heterosexual partners (p= 0.03). People receiving antiretroviral treatment were less likely to report unsafe sex (p<0.001). Overall, 10.7% of men and 7.2% of women had a STI (p= 0.08). More women than men had disclosed HIV status to their steady partners (82.5% vs 65.9%; p= 0.05). Conclusion: Indicators for HIV transmission risk were common among people attending HIV care in Bangkok. Efforts need to be strengthened to reduce unsafe casual and commercial sex and to increase HIV disclosure from men to their partners. A strategy for STI screening and treatment for people with HIV in Thailand should be developed. C1 [Lolekha, R.; Bollen, L. J. M.; Siangphoe, U.; Nandavisai, C.; Suksripanich, O.; Akarasewi, P.; Fox, K. K.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Tunthanathip, P.; Chaovavanich, A.; Wiratchai, A.; Inthong, Y.; Eampokalap, B.; Ausavapipit, J.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth MOPH, Bamrasnaradura Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Sirivongrangson, P.] MOPH, TB & STIs, Bur AIDS, STI Div, Bangkok, Thailand. [Fox, K. K.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lolekha, R (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, POB 139, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM rangsimal@th.cdc.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.032532 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 397CX UT WOS:000262640800010 PM 18927180 ER PT J AU Dendukuri, N Hadgu, A Wang, LL AF Dendukuri, Nandini Hadgu, Alula Wang, Liangliang TI Modeling conditional dependence between diagnostic tests: A multiple latent variable model SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; sensitivity; specificity; conditional dependence ID ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; GOLD-STANDARD TEST; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; DISEASE PREVALENCE; URINE SPECIMENS; MIXTURE-MODELS; ACCURACY; ABSENCE AB Applications of latent class analysis in diagnostic test studies have assumed that all tests are measuring a common binary latent variable, the true disease status. In this article we describe a new approach that recognizes that tests based on different biological phenomena measure different latent variables, which in turn measure the latent true disease status. This allows for adjustment of conditional dependence between tests within disease categories. The model further allows for the inclusion of measured covariates and unmeasured random effects affecting test performance within latent classes. We describe a Bayesian approach for model estimation and describe a new posterior predictive check for evaluating candidate models. The methods are motivated and illustrated by results from a study of diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dendukuri, Nandini] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Dendukuri, Nandini] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Technol Assessment Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hadgu, Alula] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wang, Liangliang] Univ British Columbia, Dept Stat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Dendukuri, N (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM nandini.dendukuri@mcgill.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CDC Research Participation Program; Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec FX Contract/grant sponsor: Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 441 EP 461 DI 10.1002/sim.3470 PG 21 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 398SZ UT WOS:000262753100006 PM 19067379 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, Rodney M. TI Preventing biofilms of clinically relevant organisms using bacteriophage SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MUCOID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; NORMAL HUMAN SERUM; POLYSACCHARIDE DEPOLYMERASE; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PLANKTONIC CELLS; PHAGE THERAPY; INACTIVATION AB Biofilms might result in healthcare-associated infections and substantially impact healthcare delivery. Bacteriophage (phage) has been used to treat infectious diseases in humans and there is interest in phage to control biofilms. Phages propagate in their bacterial host and many phages produce depolymerases that hydrolyze biofilm extracellular polymers. Drawbacks of phage to consider include narrow host range, bacterial resistance to phage and phage-encoded virulence genes that can incorporate into the host bacterial genome. The immune system might inactivate phage, and impure phage preparations could contain endotoxin. Phage mixtures or engineered phages could provide effective strategies to overcome these obstacles. Lytic bacteriophages could become a new class of anti-biofilm agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mail Stop C-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 10 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2008.11.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 420HH UT WOS:000264279200004 PM 19162482 ER PT J AU Kjos, SA Snowden, KF Olson, JK AF Kjos, Sonia A. Snowden, Karen F. Olson, Jimmy K. TI Biogeography and Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Prevalence of Chagas Disease Vectors in Texas, USA SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Triatoma; Vector; Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; GIS; North America ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; AUTOCHTHONOUS TRANSMISSION; INSECT VECTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRIATOMINAE; HEMIPTERA; KINETOPLASTIDA; REDUVIIDAE; CALIFORNIA AB Data were pooled from multiple sources including newly collected triatomine specimens, preserved specimens, government reports, and scientific articles to create a biogeographical profile of triatomine vector species found in Texas. Triatomine specimens were documented in 97 of 254 counties, and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected specimens were reported from 48 counties. Triatomine specimens were distributed in 11. of the 12 ecoregions in Texas, with all but one species found in multiple ecoregions. Of the 241 newly collected specimens, 50.74% were infected with T. cruzi. Triatoma gerstaeckeri was the most frequently collected and most geographically dispersed species followed by T. sanguisuga. Three species, T. gerstaeckeri, T. sanguisuga, and T. lecticularia, were associated with human dwellings, and over half of the new specimens found inside or near houses were infected with T. cruzi. Chagas disease vectors in Texas are widely distributed and have adapted to ecologically diverse settings. The high T. cruzi infection prevalence of specimens found in close proximity to human settings suggests the presence of an active peridomestic Chagas disease transmission cycle. C1 [Kjos, Sonia A.; Olson, Jimmy K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Snowden, Karen F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. RP Kjos, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID NCZVED DPD Entomol Branch, MS F-42,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM skjos@cdc.gov RI Snowden, Karen/C-9111-2013 FU Texas Mosquito Control Association FX Funding for this study was provided to S.A.K. by the Texas Mosquito Control Association, James Gus Foyle Memorial Scholarship. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0026 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 407SY UT WOS:000263385800006 PM 18800865 ER PT J AU Maslia, ML Aral, MM Faye, RE Suarez-Soto, RJ Sautner, JB Wang, J Jang, W Bove, FJ Ruckart, PZ AF Maslia, M. L. Aral, M. M. Faye, R. E. Suarez-Soto, R. J. Sautner, J. B. Wang, J. Jang, W. Bove, F. J. Ruckart, P. Z. TI Reconstructing Historical Exposures to Volatile Organic Compound-Contaminated Drinking Water at a US Military Base SO WATER QUALITY EXPOSURE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Contaminated drinking water; Exposure; Volatile organic compound (VOC); PCE; TCE; Historical reconstruction; Epidemiological study; Camp Lejeune; North Carolina; USA AB Two of three water-distribution systems that have historically supplied drinking water to family housing at U. S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Scientific data relating to the harmful effects of VOCs on a child or fetus are limited. Therefore, the U. S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is conducting an epidemiological study to evaluate potential associations between in utero and infant (up to 1 year of age) exposures to VOCs in contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune and specific birth defects and childhood cancers. The study includes births that occurred during the period 1968-1985 to women who were pregnant while they resided in family housing at Camp Lejeune. To support the epidemiological study, water-modeling techniques are being used to reconstruct historical conditions of groundwater flow, contaminant fate and transport, and the distribution of drinking water contaminated with VOCs. Results for this phase of the study indicate that PCE concentrations in drinking water, delivered to the Tarawa Terrace housing area, exceeded the current maximum contaminant level for PCE of 5 micrograms per liter (mu g/L) for 346 months-November 1957-February 1987; the maximum simulated PCE concentration in Tarawa Terrace drinking water was 183 mu g/L during March 1984 compared to a measured concentration of 215 mu g/L during February 1985. C1 [Maslia, M. L.; Suarez-Soto, R. J.; Sautner, J. B.; Bove, F. J.; Ruckart, P. Z.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Aral, M. M.; Wang, J.; Jang, W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Faye, R. E.] RE Faye & Associates Inc, Dahlonega, GA 30533 USA. RP Maslia, ML (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmaslia@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1658 EI 1876-1666 J9 WATER QUAL EXPOS HEA JI Water Qual. Expos. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 49 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s12403-009-0010-y PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V35GY UT WOS:000209139600005 ER PT J AU Levine, RS Yorita, KL Walsh, MC Reynolds, MG AF Levine, Rebecca S. Yorita, Krista L. Walsh, Matthew C. Reynolds, Mary G. TI A method for statistically comparing spatial distribution maps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTION; DISEASE AB Background: Ecological niche modeling is a method for estimation of species distributions based on certain ecological parameters. Thus far, empirical determination of significant differences between independently generated distribution maps for a single species (maps which are created through equivalent processes, but with different ecological input parameters), has been challenging. Results: We describe a method for comparing model outcomes, which allows a statistical evaluation of whether the strength of prediction and breadth of predicted areas is measurably different between projected distributions. To create ecological niche models for statistical comparison, we utilized GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production) software to generate ecological niche models of human monkeypox in Africa. We created several models, keeping constant the case location input records for each model but varying the ecological input data. In order to assess the relative importance of each ecological parameter included in the development of the individual predicted distributions, we performed pixel-to-pixel comparisons between model outcomes and calculated the mean difference in pixel scores. We used a two sample Student's t-test, (assuming as null hypothesis that both maps were identical to each other regardless of which input parameters were used) to examine whether the mean difference in corresponding pixel scores from one map to another was greater than would be expected by chance alone. We also utilized weighted kappa statistics, frequency distributions, and percent difference to look at the disparities in pixel scores. Multiple independent statistical tests indicated precipitation as the single most important independent ecological parameter in the niche model for human monkeypox disease. Conclusion: In addition to improving our understanding of the natural factors influencing the distribution of human monkeypox disease, such pixel-to-pixel comparison tests afford users the ability to empirically distinguish the significance of each of the diverse environmental parameters included in the modeling process. This method will be particularly useful in situations where the outcomes (maps) appear similar upon visual inspection (as are generated with other modeling programs such as MAXENT), as it allows an investigator the capacity to explore subtle differences among ecological parameters and to demonstrate the individual importance of these factors within an overall model. C1 [Reynolds, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, CCID, DVRD,Poxvirus Program Res Fellow, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yorita, Krista L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, ORISE, Off Director Res Fellow, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Levine, Rebecca S.; Walsh, Matthew C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Poxvirus Program Res Fellow, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, CCID, DVRD,Poxvirus Program Res Fellow, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rclevin@alum.emory.edu; kyorita@cdc.gov; walsh2@wisc.edu; mreynolds3@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-7 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 422TS UT WOS:000264451200002 PM 19183487 ER PT J AU Panicker, G Lee, DR Unger, ER AF Panicker, Gitika Lee, Daisy R. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Optimization of SELDI-TOF protein profiling for analysis of cervical mucous SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cervical mucous; SELDI-TOF; ProteinChip; Mass spectrometry ID LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN CERVICOVAGINAL FLUID; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; QUALITY-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN SERUM; MS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOMARKERS AB Cervical mucous, produced in the region where cervical neoplasia occurs, is thought to be a good choice for discovery of biomarkers to improve cervical cancer screening. In this study, SELDI-TOF MS analysis was used to evaluate parameters for protein profiling of mucous. Proteins were extracted from mucous collected with Weck-Cel (R) sponges. Several parameters like extraction reagent, loading protein concentration, matrix type, bind/wash conditions and sample fractionation, on different protein chip surfaces were evaluated. SELDI peak number and consistency in the resulting spectra were used to evaluate each condition. Analysis of spectra generated by different protein chips revealed an average of 30 peaks in the 2.5-30 kDa mass range using sinnapinic acid in the unfractionated sample. Sample concentration and buffer conditions evaluated did not lead to large alterations in the profiles. Quality control spectra were reproducible with intra- and inter-assay intensity CV for CM10, H50 and Q10 arrays being less than 20% and 30% respectively. IMAC30-Cu chips had higher intra- and inter-assay C-V's at 25% and 35%. Current data showed that optimizing pre-analytical parameters can help in standardization and reproducibility of protein profiles produced by cervical mucous, and thus can be used for protein biomarker discovery with the SELDI platform. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Panicker, Gitika; Lee, Daisy R.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eru0@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) [Y1-CN-0101-01, Y1-CN-5005-01]; Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education FX This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN), inter-agency Agreement Y1-CN-0101-01, Y1-CN-5005-01 and Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education. We would like to thank Dr. Toni Whistler and Dr. Dominique Rollin, who first initiated SELDI studies of cervical mucous samples, for their comments and suggestions related to these experiments. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 71 IS 6 BP 637 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.11.004 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 408HQ UT WOS:000263426500007 PM 19064004 ER PT J AU Menzies, N Abang, B Wanyenze, R Nuwaha, F Mugisha, B Coutinho, A Bunnell, R Mermini, J Blandford, JM AF Menzies, Nick Abang, Betty Wanyenze, Rhoda Nuwaha, Fred Mugisha, Balaarn Coutinho, Alex Bunnell, Rebecca Mermini, Jonathan Blandford, John M. TI The costs and effectiveness of four HIV counseling and testing strategies in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; HIV; Uganda; voluntary counseling and testing ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; DISCORDANT COUPLES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VOLUNTARY; KENYA; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; EXPERIENCE; REDUCTION; INFECTION AB Objective: HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is a key intervention for HIV/AIDS control, and new strategies have been developed for expanding coverage in developing countries. We compared costs and outcomes of four HCT strategies in Uganda. Design: A retrospective cohort of 84323 individuals received HCT at one of four Ugandan HCT programs between June 2003 and September 2005. HCT strategies assessed were stand-alone HCT; hospital-based HCT; household-member HCT; and door-to-door HCT. Methods: We collected data on client volume, demographics, prior testing and HIV diagnosis from project monitoring systems, and cost data from project accounts and personnel interviews. Strategies were compared in terms of costs and effectiveness at reaching key population groups. Results: Household-member and door-to-door HCT strategies reached the largest proportion of previously untested individuals (>90% of all clients). Hospital-based HCT diagnosed the greatest proportion of HIV-infected individuals (27% prevalence), followed by stand-alone HCT(19%). Household-member HCT identified the highest percentage of discordant couples; however, this was a small fraction of total clients (<4%). Costs per client (2007 USD) were $19.26 for stand-alone HCT, $11.68 for hospital-based HCT, $13.85 for household-member HCT, and $8.29 for door-to-door-HCT. Conclusion: All testing strategies had relatively low per client costs. Hospital-based HCT most readily identified HIV-infected individuals eligible for treatment, whereas home-based strategies more efficiently reached Populations with low rates of prior testing and HIV-infected people with higher CD4 cell counts. Multiple HCT strategies with different costs and efficiencies can be used to meet the UNAIDS/WHO call for universal HCT access by 2010. (c) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Menzies, Nick] Harvard Univ, Hlth Policy Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Menzies, Nick; Blandford, John M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Menzies, Nick] Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Abang, Betty] CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, CDC, Entebbe, Uganda. [Abang, Betty] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Nuwaha, Fred] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Coutinho, Alex] AIDS Support Org TASO, Kampala, Uganda. [Bunnell, Rebecca; Mermini, Jonathan] CDC Kenya, Coordinat Off Global Hlth, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Menzies, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Hlth Policy Program, 14 Story St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nmenzies@fas.harvard.edu RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 31 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328321e40b PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 406WH UT WOS:000263325100014 PM 19114865 ER PT J AU Sheridan, S Phimphachanh, C Chanlivong, N Manivong, S Khamsyvolsvong, S Lattanavong, P Sisouk, T Toledo, C Scherzer, M Toole, M van Griensven, F AF Sheridan, Sarah Phimphachanh, Chansy Chanlivong, Niramonh Manivong, Sisavath Khamsyvolsvong, Sod Lattanavong, Phonesay Sisouk, Thongchanh Toledo, Carlos Scherzer, Martha Toole, Mike van Griensven, Frits TI HIV prevalence and risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2007 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; Asia; HIV; homosexual men; Lao People's Democratic Republic AB Background: Men who have sex with men are at high risk for HIV infection. Here we report the results Of the first assessment of HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in this group in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Methods: Between August and September 2007, 540 men were enrolled from venues around Vientiane, using venue-day-time sampling. Men of Lao nationality, 15 years and over, reporting oral or anal sex with a man in the previous 6 months were eligible for participation. Demographic and socio-behavioural information was self-collected using hand-held computers. Oral fluid was tested for HIV infection. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. Results: The median age of participants was 21 years; the HIV prevalence was 5.6%. Of participants, 39.6% reported exclusive attraction to men and 57.6% reported sex with women. Of those who reported having regular and nonregular sexual partner(s) in the past 3 months, consistent condom use with these partners was 14.4 and 24.2%, respectively. A total of 42.2% self-reported any sexually transmitted infection symptoms and 6.3% had previously been tested for HIV. Suicidal ideation was reported by 17.0%, which was the only variable significantly and independently associated with HIV infection in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Although the HIV prevalence is low compared with neighbouring countries in the region, men who have sex with men in Lao People's Democratic Republic are at high behavioural risk for HIV infection. To prevent a larger HIV epidemic occurrence and transmission into the broader community, higher coverage Of HIV prevention interventions is required. (c) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippicott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Sheridan, Sarah; Chanlivong, Niramonh; Khamsyvolsvong, Sod; Toole, Mike] Burnet Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phimphachanh, Chansy; Manivong, Sisavath; Lattanavong, Phonesay; Sisouk, Thongchanh] Ctr HIV AIDS & STI, Minist Hlth, Lao PDR, Atlanta, GA USA. [Toledo, Carlos; van Griensven, Frits] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Scherzer, Martha; van Griensven, Frits] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SE Asia Reg Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SE Asia Reg Off, Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control Bldg 7, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@cdc.gov FU Global AIDS Program; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX S.S. is a student at Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, and participated in this project as an intern with the Burnet Institute. As part of her participation, the Ethical Review Committee of Australian National University reviewed and approved the study protocol. The authors thank the personnel of the Center for HIV, AIDS and STI of the Lao PDR Ministry of Health, the South East Asia Regional Office, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Thailand Ministry of Public Health - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, the Burnet Institute, Vientiane and Melbourne and Population Services International, Vientiane, for their help in conducting this study. This project was financially and technically supported by the Global AIDS Program and the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831ef510 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 406WH UT WOS:000263325100016 PM 19114858 ER PT J AU Brammer, L Epperson, S Blanton, L Dhara, R Wallis, T Finelli, L Fiore, A Gubavera, L Bresee, J Klimov, A Cox, N Doshi, S AF Brammer, L. Epperson, S. Blanton, L. Dhara, R. Wallis, T. Finelli, L. Fiore, A. Gubavera, L. Bresee, J. Klimov, A. Cox, N. Doshi, S. CA WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance TI Update: Influenza Activity-United States, September 28-November 29, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1329-1332, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WORLDWIDE C1 [Brammer, L.; Epperson, S.; Blanton, L.; Dhara, R.; Wallis, T.; Finelli, L.; Fiore, A.; Gubavera, L.; Bresee, J.; Klimov, A.; Cox, N.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Doshi, S.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brammer, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 4 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399CE UT WOS:000262777200009 ER PT J AU Thorne, SL Malarcher, A Maurice, E Caraballo, R AF Thorne, S. L. Malarcher, A. Maurice, E. Caraballo, R. TI Cigarette Smoking Among Adults-United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1221-1226, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SMOKERS; OLDER C1 [Thorne, S. L.; Malarcher, A.; Maurice, E.; Caraballo, R.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thorne, SL (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 4 BP 373 EP 375 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399CE UT WOS:000262777200010 ER PT J AU Oeltmann, JE Kammerer, JS Pevzner, ES Moonan, PK AF Oeltmann, John E. Kammerer, J. Steve Pevzner, Eric S. Moonan, Patrick K. TI Tuberculosis and Substance Abuse in the United States, 1997-2006 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK-FACTORS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INCENTIVES; THERAPY AB Background: Tuberculosis ( TB) control efforts are often ineffective in controlling TB among patients who use illicit drugs or abuse alcohol (substance abuse). This study examined the prevalence of substance abuse among TB cases reported in the United States and assessed the relation between substance abuse and indicators of TB transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed of data on US TB cases in patients 15 years or older reported from 1997 through 2006. Analyses included number and proportion of patients with TB characterized by substance abuse and associations between substance abuse, sputum smear status, treatment failure, and inclusion in a county-level genotype cluster. Results: Of 153 268 patients with TB, 28 650 (18.7%) reported substance abuse, including 22 293 of 76 816 US-born patients (29.0%). Multivariate analysis showed that, among patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus, odds of sputum smear-positive disease were 1.8 (99% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-1.9) times greater among those who reported substance abuse; this association was weaker among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 99% CI, 1.1-1.4). Among female patients, odds of treatment failure were 2.4 ( 99% CI, 1.9-3.0) times greater among those who reported substance abuse. The association was weaker among male patients (OR, 1.5; 99% CI, 1.3-1.7). Patients who abused substances were more likely to be involved in a county-level genotype cluster (US-born: OR, 2.3; 99% CI, 2.0-2.7; foreign-born: 1.5; 1.2-2.0). Conclusions: Substance abuse is the most commonly reported behavioral risk factor among patients with TB in the United States. Patients who abuse substances are more contagious (eg, smear positive) and remain contagious longer because treatment failure presumably extends periods of infectiousness. Increased transmission is consistent with our finding that patients who abuse substances were more likely to be involved in a localized genotype cluster, which can represent recent transmission. C1 [Oeltmann, John E.; Pevzner, Eric S.; Moonan, Patrick K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kammerer, J. Steve] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oeltmann, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeo3@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. NR 61 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399MB UT WOS:000262802900014 PM 19171816 ER PT J AU Molyneux, DH Hotez, PJ Fenwick, A Newman, RD Greenwood, B Sachs, J AF Molyneux, David H. Hotez, Peter J. Fenwick, Alan Newman, Robert D. Greenwood, Brian Sachs, Jeffrey TI Neglected tropical diseases and the Global Fund SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID SCHOOLCHILDREN; HOOKWORM; PROGRAM; MALARIA; ANEMIA; HEALTH C1 [Molyneux, David H.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Hotez, Peter J.] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Hotez, Peter J.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Fenwick, Alan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Greenwood, Brian] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Sachs, Jeffrey] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Molyneux, DH (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM david.molyneux@liverpool.ac.uk OI Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 24 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9660 BP 296 EP 297 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 398JJ UT WOS:000262728100018 PM 19167564 ER PT J AU Kamadjeu, R AF Kamadjeu, Raoul TI Tracking the polio virus down the Congo River: a case study on the use of Google Earth (TM) in public health planning and mapping SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; GIS AB Background: The use of GIS in public health is growing, a consequence of a rapidly evolving technology and increasing accessibility to a wider audience. Google Earth (TM) (GE) is becoming an important mapping infrastructure for public health. However, generating traditional public health maps for GE is still beyond the reach of most public health professionals. In this paper, we explain, through the example of polio eradication activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, how we used GE Earth as a planning tool and we share the methods used to generate public health maps. Results: The use of GE improved field operations and resulted in better dispatch of vaccination teams and allocation of resources. It also allowed the creation of maps of high quality for advocacy, training and to help understand the spatiotemporal relationship between all the entities involved in the polio outbreak and response. Conclusion: GE has the potential of making mapping available to a new set of public health users in developing countries. High quality and free satellite imagery, rich features including Keyhole Markup Language or image overlay provide a flexible but yet powerful platform that set it apart from traditional GIS tools and this power is still to be fully harnessed by public health professionals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIRD, GID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kamadjeu, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIRD, GID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cqq1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-4 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 408VH UT WOS:000263462700001 PM 19161606 ER PT J AU Meyer, S Smith, K Azzam, I Sowadsky, R Williams, IT Henao, O Nguyen, T Austin, J Van Duyne, S Mody, R AF Meyer, S. Smith, K. Azzam, I. Sowadsky, R. Williams, I. T. Henao, O. Nguyen, T. Austin, J. Van Duyne, S. Mody, R. TI Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Associated With Frozen Pot Pies-United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1277-1280, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHICKEN NUGGETS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RISK-FACTORS; STRIPS; CANADA C1 [Meyer, S.; Smith, K.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Azzam, I.; Sowadsky, R.] Nevada State Dept Hlth, Carson City, NV USA. [Mody, R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meyer, S (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 3 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 395IV UT WOS:000262518700004 ER PT J AU Castillo-Solorzano, C Marsigli, C Alcantara, PB Andrus, JK Filippis, AMB Danovaro-Holliday, MC Matus, CR Reef, S Cochi, SL AF Castillo-Solorzano, C. Marsigli, C. Alcantara, P. Bravo Andrus, J. K. Filippis, A. M. B. Danovaro-Holliday, M. C. Matus, C. Ruiz Reef, S. Cochi, S. L. TI Progress Toward Elimination of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome- the Americas, 2003-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1176-1179, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Castillo-Solorzano, C.; Marsigli, C.; Alcantara, P. Bravo; Andrus, J. K.; Filippis, A. M. B.; Danovaro-Holliday, M. C.; Matus, C. Ruiz] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Comprehens Family Immunizat Project, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Reef, S.; Cochi, S. L.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castillo-Solorzano, C (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Comprehens Family Immunizat Project, Washington, DC 20009 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 3 BP 266 EP 268 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 395IV UT WOS:000262518700005 ER PT J AU Lin, JMS Brimmer, DJ Boneva, RS Jones, JF Reeves, WC AF Lin, Jin-Mann S. Brimmer, Dana J. Boneva, Roumiana S. Jones, James F. Reeves, William C. TI Barriers to healthcare utilization in fatiguing illness: a population-based study in Georgia SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED BARRIERS; DISPARITIES; PREVENTION AB Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of barriers to healthcare utilization in persons with fatiguing illness and describe its association with socio-demographics, the number of health conditions, and frequency of healthcare utilization. Furthermore, we sought to identify what types of barriers interfered with healthcare utilization and why they occurred. Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based survey, 780 subjects, 112 of them with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), completed a healthcare utilization questionnaire. Text analysis was used to create the emerging themes from verbatim responses regarding barriers to healthcare utilization. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between barriers to healthcare utilization and other factors. Results: Forty percent of subjects reported at least one barrier to healthcare utilization. Of 112 subjects with CFS, 55% reported at least one barrier to healthcare utilization. Fatiguing status, reported duration of fatigue, insurance, and BMI were significant risk factors for barriers to healthcare utilization. After adjusting for socio-demographics, medication use, the number of health problems, and frequency of healthcare utilization, fatiguing status remained significantly associated with barriers to healthcare utilization. Subjects with CFS were nearly 4 times more likely to forego needed healthcare during the preceding year than non-fatigued subjects while those with insufficient fatigue (ISF) were nearly 3 times more likely. Three domains emerged from text analysis on barriers to healthcare utilization: 1) accessibility; 2) knowledge-attitudes-beliefs (KABs); and, 3) healthcare system. CFS and reported duration of fatigue were significantly associated with each of these domains. Persons with CFS reported high levels of healthcare utilization barriers for each domain: accessibility (34%), healthcare system (25%), and KABs (19%). In further examination of barrier domains to healthcare utilization, compared to non-fatigued persons adjusted ORs for CFS having "accessibility", "KAB" and "Healthcare System" barrier domains decreased by 40%, 30%, and 19%, respectively. Conclusion: Barriers to healthcare utilization pose a significant problem in persons with fatiguing illnesses. Study results suggested two-fold implications: a symptom-targeted model focusing on symptoms associated with fatigue; and an interactive model requiring efforts from patients and providers to improve interactions between them by reducing barriers in accessibility, KABs, and healthcare system. C1 [Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Brimmer, Dana J.; Boneva, Roumiana S.; Jones, James F.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lin, JMS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dwe3@cdc.gov; dyv4@cdc.gov; rrb5@cdc.gov; jaj9@cdc.gov; wcr1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-9-13 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 418KR UT WOS:000264147600001 PM 19154587 ER PT J AU Li, JY Paragas, N Ned, RM Qiu, AD Viltard, M Leete, T Drexler, IR Chen, X Sanna-Cherchi, S Mohammed, F Williams, D Lin, CS Schmidt-Ott, KM Andrews, NC Barasch, J AF Li, Jau Yi Paragas, Neal Ned, Renee M. Qiu, Andong Viltard, Melanie Leete, Thomas Drexler, Ian R. Chen, Xia Sanna-Cherchi, Simone Mohammed, Farah Williams, David Lin, Chyuan Sheng Schmidt-Ott, Kai M. Andrews, Nancy C. Barasch, Jonathan TI Scara5 Is a Ferritin Receptor Mediating Non-Transferrin Iron Delivery SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ERYTHROID PRECURSORS; SERUM FERRITIN; URETERAL BUD; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; CELL-PROLIFERATION; INTRACELLULAR IRON; KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT; RAT HEPATOCYTES; TISSUE FERRITIN; MOUSE-BRAIN AB Developing organs require iron for a myriad of functions, but embryos deleted of the major adult transport proteins, transferrin or its receptor transferrin receptor1 (TfR1(-/-)), still initiate organogenesis, suggesting that non-transferrin pathways are important. To examine these pathways, we developed chimeras composed of fluorescence-tagged TfR1(-/-) cells and untagged wild-type cells. In the kidney, TfR1(-/-) cells populated capsule and stroma, mesenchyme and nephron, but were underrepresented in ureteric bud tips. Consistently, TfR1 provided transferrin to the ureteric bud, but not to the capsule or the stroma. Instead of transferrin, we found that the capsule internalized ferritin. Since the capsule expressed a novel receptor called Scara5, we tested its role in ferritin uptake and found that Scara5 bound serum ferritin and then stimulated its endocytosis from the cell surface with consequent iron delivery. These data implicate cell type-specific mechanisms of iron traffic in organogenesis, which alternatively utilize transferrin or non-transferrin iron delivery pathways. C1 [Li, Jau Yi; Paragas, Neal; Qiu, Andong; Viltard, Melanie; Leete, Thomas; Drexler, Ian R.; Chen, Xia; Sanna-Cherchi, Simone; Mohammed, Farah; Williams, David; Lin, Chyuan Sheng; Schmidt-Ott, Kai M.; Barasch, Jonathan] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Renal, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Ned, Renee M.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ned, Renee M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Schmidt-Ott, Kai M.] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Charite Berlin, Dept Nephrol & Hypertensiol, D-13125 Berlin, Germany. [Andrews, Nancy C.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Pharmacol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Andrews, Nancy C.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Barasch, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Renal, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jmb4@columbia.edu RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009; OI Andrews, Nancy/0000-0003-0243-4462; Paragas, Neal/0000-0001-6084-8220 FU Emerald Foundation; March of Dimes; NIDDK [DK-55388, DK-58872]; NIHLB [R01HL51057] FX We thank F.Costantini, C. Mendelsohn, and Q. Al-Awqati for key reagents and advice. We thank the reviewers for very insightful comments. This work was supported by grants from the Emerald Foundation, the March of Dimes, and the NIDDK (Grants DK-55388 and DK-58872) to J.B. and the NIHLB (R01HL51057) to N.C. Andrews. K.M.S. is an Emmy Noether Fellow of the Deutsche Forshungsgerneinschaft, Germany. There are no conflicts of interest. NR 81 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.12.002 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 398UR UT WOS:000262757500008 PM 19154717 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN Rubtcova, EN Bostik, V Tzaneva, V Sauerbrei, A Robo, A Sattler-Dornbacher, E Hanovcova, I Stepanova, V Splino, M Eremin, V Koskiniemi, M Vankova, OE Schmid, DS AF Loparev, Vladimir N. Rubtcova, Elena N. Bostik, Vanda Tzaneva, Valentina Sauerbrei, Andreas Robo, Alma Sattler-Dornbacher, Eva Hanovcova, Iva Stepanova, Vera Splino, Miroslav Eremin, Vladimir Koskiniemi, Marjaleena Vankova, Olga E. Schmid, D. Scott TI Distribution of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type genotypes in northern and southern Europe: Evidence for high conservation of circulating genotypes SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VZV; Varicella-zoster virus; Wild-type virus; Chickenpox; Zoster; Genotyping; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Molecular epidemiology; Mosaic strains ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; REAL-TIME PCR; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HERPES-ZOSTER; VACCINE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME; EVOLUTION AB Phylogenetic analysis of 19 complete VZV genomic sequences resolves wild-type strains into 5 genotypes (E 1, E2, J, M1, and M2). Complete sequences for M3 and M4 strains are unavailable, but targeted analyses of representative strains suggest they are stable, circulating VZV genotypes. Sequence analysis of VZV isolates identified both shared and specific markers for every genotype and validated a unified VZV genotyping strategy. Despite high genotype diversity no evidence for infra-genotypic recombination was observed. Five of seven VZV genotypes were reliably discriminated using only four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in ORF22, and the E1 and E2 genotypes were resolved using SNP located in ORF21, ORF22 or ORF50. Sequence analysis of 342 clinical varicella and zoster specimens from 18 European countries identified the following distribution of VZV genotypes: El, 221 (65%); E2, 87 (25%); M1, 20 (6%); M2, 3 (1%); M4,11 (3%). No M3 or J strains were observed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rubtcova, Elena N.; Bostik, Vanda; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Loparev, Vladimir N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tzaneva, Valentina] Univ Hosp, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. [Sauerbrei, Andreas] Univ Jena, Inst Virol & Antiviral Therapy, Jena, Germany. [Sattler-Dornbacher, Eva] Univ Med, Milan, Italy. [Hanovcova, Iva] Purkinje Med Sch, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. [Stepanova, Vera; Splino, Miroslav] Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. [Stepanova, Vera; Splino, Miroslav] Univ Hosp, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. [Eremin, Vladimir] Res Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Dept Virol, Minsk, Byelarus. [Koskiniemi, Marjaleena] Haartman Inst, Dept Virol, Helsinki, Finland. [Vankova, Olga E.] RPC Diagnost Syst, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchmid@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 383 IS 2 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.10.026 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 396QH UT WOS:000262605700007 PM 19019403 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Krajnak, K Welcome, DE Dong, RG AF Wu, John Z. Krajnak, Kristine Welcome, Daniel E. Dong, Ren G. TI Analysis of the biodynamic interaction between the fingertip and probe in the vibrotactile tests: The influences of the probe/fingertip contact orientation and static indentation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Finite element model; Soft tissue mechanics; Fingertip; Contact pressure; Vibration; Viscoelasticity ID HAND-TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; THRESHOLDS; PSYCHOPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; EQUIPMENT; STIMULI; STROKE AB Vibrotactile thresholds at the fingertips are affected by a number of individual, environmental, and testing factors. In the current study, we theoretically analyzed the effects of the contact orientation of the probe on the fingertip and the static pre-indentation on the dynamic deformation of the soft tissues of the fingertip in the vibrotactile tests using a nonlinear finite element model. The fingertip considered in the 3D finite element model is the distal phalanx, the portion from the distal end to the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint articulation. The fingertip is contacted by the probe at four different contact locations, which are regulated by contact angles (15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees), and three different preindentations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm). The model predictions indicated that the average spatial summation of the vibration displacement (SVD) at the fingertip depends on the static pre-indentation and the probe/indentor contact orientation; although the resonance characteristics of the fingertip are not affected by either the pre-indentation or the contact location. The location-dependence of the vibration exposure factors at the fingertip was found to increase with increasing static pre-indentation. At a static indentation of 1.5 mm, the test condition specified in the ISO-13091-1 standard, the values of the SVDs determined at different probe/fingertip contact orientations differ as much as 125%. Since the dynamic displacements of the Soft tissues are believed to affect the vibrotactile threshold, the current results suggest that the contact orientation of the probe on the fingertip should be strictly defined and restricted to obtain reliable results in the vibrotactile perception threshold tests. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, John Z.; Krajnak, Kristine; Welcome, Daniel E.; Dong, Ren G.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jwu@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD JAN 19 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.10.033 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 405BN UT WOS:000263197200004 PM 19110251 ER PT J AU Kanwal, R AF Kanwal, Richard TI Severe Occupational Lung Disease from Exposure to Flavoring Chemicals SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; WORKERS; PLANT C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kanwal, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. EM richkanwal@comcast.net NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 2 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 396UL UT WOS:000262616600004 PM 19178058 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Wacholder, S AF Khoury, Muin J. Wacholder, Sholom TI Invited Commentary: From Genome-Wide Association Studies to Gene-Environment-Wide Interaction Studies-025EFChallenges and Opportunities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOTYPE; MEDICINE; BIOLOGY; CANCER; RISK AB The recent success of genome-wide association studies in finding susceptibility genes for many common diseases presents tremendous opportunities for epidemiologic studies of environmental risk factors. Analysis of gene-environment interactions, included in only a small fraction of epidemiologic studies until now, will begin to accelerate as investigators integrate analyses of genome-wide variation and environmental factors. Nevertheless, considerable methodological challenges are involved in the design and analysis of gene-environment interaction studies. The authors review these issues in the context of evolving methods for assessing interactions and discuss how the current agnostic approach to interrogating the human genome for genetic risk factors could be extended into a similar approach to gene-environment-wide interaction studies of disease occurrence in human populations. C1 [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wacholder, Sholom] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 2 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn351 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 395IQ UT WOS:000262518200014 PM 19022826 ER PT J AU Benowitz, NL Bernert, JT Caraballo, RS Holiday, DB Wang, JT AF Benowitz, Neal L. Bernert, John T. Caraballo, Ralph S. Holiday, David B. Wang, Jiantong TI Optimal Serum Cotinine Levels for Distinguishing Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers Within Different Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States Between 1999 and 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SECONDHAND SMOKE; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; NICOTINE; ADULTS; METABOLISM AB Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is widely used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers in epidemiologic studies and smoking-cessation clinical trials. As the magnitude of secondhand smoke exposure declines because of proportionally fewer smokers and more clean-indoor-air regulations, the optimal cotinine cutpoint with which to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers is expected to change. The authors analyzed data on 3,078 smokers and 13,078 nonsmokers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2004. Optimal serum cotinine concentrations for discriminating smokers from nonsmokers were determined using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Optimal cotinine cutpoints were 3.08 ng/mL (sensitivity = 96.3%, specificity = 97.4%) and 2.99 ng/mL (sensitivity = 86.5%, specificity = 93.1%) for adults and adolescents, respectively. Among adults, optimal cutpoints differed by race/ethnicity: They were 5.92 ng/mL, 4.85 ng/mL, and 0.84 ng/mL for non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Among adolescents, cutpoints were 2.77 ng/mL, 2.95 ng/mL, and 1.18 ng/mL for non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Use of the currently accepted cutpoint of 14 ng/mL overestimates the number of nonsmokers in comparison with the proposed new overall cutpoint of 3 ng/mL or the race/ethnicity-specific cutpoints of 1-6 ng/mL. C1 [Benowitz, Neal L.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Benowitz, Neal L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Benowitz, Neal L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Benowitz, Neal L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bernert, John T.] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Caraballo, Ralph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holiday, David B.; Wang, Jiantong] Atlanta Reg Off, RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benowitz, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Med, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM nbenowitz@medsfgh.ucsf.edu FU Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute; Office on Smoking and Health; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [200-2007-F-19648] FX Author affiliations: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Neal L. Benowitz); Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (John T. Bernert); Office on Smoking and Health, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ralph S. Caraballo); and RTI International, Atlanta Regional Office, Atlanta, Georgia (David B. Holiday, Jiantong Wang).; This study was supported by the Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute and by the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (contract 200-2007-F-19648).; The authors thank Dr. David Burns for his critical review of the manuscript and Marc Olmsted for editorial assistance.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; Dr. Benowitz has served as a paid expert witness in litigation against tobacco companies. Drs. Bernert, Caraballo, and Holiday have no conflicts to declare. NR 19 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 2 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn301 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 395IQ UT WOS:000262518200017 PM 19019851 ER PT J AU Zhou, YB Tzeng, WP Ye, YM Huang, Y Li, SY Chen, YY Frey, TK Yang, JJ AF Zhou, Yubin Tzeng, Wen-Pin Ye, Yiming Huang, Yun Li, Shunyi Chen, Yanyi Frey, Teryl K. Yang, Jenny J. TI A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conformational change; fluorescence; protease rubella Virus (RUBV); zinc-binding protein ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; PAPAIN-LIKE PROTEASE; ZINC-FINGER; GENOME TRANSLATION; CLEAVAGE SITE; RNA; THERMOLYSIN; MUTATIONS; RESIDUES AB The protease domain within the RUBV (rubella virus) NS (nonstructural) replicase proteins functions in the self-cleavage of the polyprotein precursor into the two Mature proteins which form the replication complex. This domain has previously been shown to require both zinc and calcium ions for optimal activity. In the present study we carried Out metal-binding and conformational experiments on a purified cysteine-rich minidomain of the RUBV NS protease containing file putative Zn(2+)-binding ligands. This minidoinain bound to Zn(2+) with a stoichiometry of approximate to 0.7 and an apparent dissociation constant of < 500 nM. Fluorescence quenching and 8-anilinonphthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence methods revealed that Zn(2+) binding resulted in confromational changes characterized by shielding of hydrophobic regions from the solvent. Mutational analyses using the minidomain identified residues Cys(1175), Cys(1178), Cys(1225) and Cys(1227) were required for the binding of Zn(2+). Corresponding mutational analyses using a RUBV replicon confirmed that these residues were necessary for both proteolytic activity of' the NS protease and viability. The present study demonstrates that the CXXC(X)(48)CXC Zn(2+) - binding motif in the RUBV NS protease is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of the protease domain and essential for proteolysis and virus replication. C1 [Zhou, Yubin; Huang, Yun; Li, Shunyi; Chen, Yanyi; Yang, Jenny J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Tzeng, Wen-Pin; Frey, Teryl K.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Ye, Yiming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prote Lab, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM chejjy@langate.gsu.edu RI Zhou, Yubin/D-4748-2011; Chen, Yanyi/H-7096-2013; OI Zhou, Yubin/0000-0001-7962-0517; Chen, Yanyi/0000-0002-7755-0882; Huang, Yun/0000-0001-5950-9168 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI21389]; National Institutes of Health [R01 GM 62999, GM081749] FX This work is supported in part by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [number R01 AI21389] to T.K.F and J.J.Y.,and in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health [numbers R01 GM 62999, GM081749] to J.J.Y. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 417 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1042/BJ20081468 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 401DG UT WOS:000262918200008 PM 18795894 ER PT J AU High, KP Bradley, SF Gravenstein, S Mehr, DR Quagliarello, VJ Richards, C Yoshikawa, TT AF High, Kevin P. Bradley, Suzanne F. Gravenstein, Stefan Mehr, David R. Quagliarello, Vincent J. Richards, Chesley Yoshikawa, Thomas T. TI Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation of Fever and Infection in Older Adult Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities: 2008 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; RISK-FACTORS; PREDICTING BACTEREMIA; ATYPICAL PRESENTATION AB Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at great risk for infection. Most residents are older and have multiple comorbidities that complicate recognition of infection; for example, typically defined fever is absent in more than one-half of LTCF residents with serious infection. Furthermore, LTCFs often do not have the on-site equipment or personnel to evaluate suspected infection in the fashion typically performed in acute care hospitals. In recognition of the differences between LTCFs and hospitals with regard to hosts and resources present, the Infectious Diseases Society of America first provided guidelines for evaluation of fever and infection in LTCF residents in 2000. The guideline presented here represents the second edition, updated by data generated over the intervening 8 years. It focuses on the typical elderly person institutionalized with multiple chronic comorbidities and functional disabilities (e.g., a nursing home resident). Specific topic reviews and recommendations are provided with regard to what resources are typically available to evaluate suspected infection, what symptoms and signs suggest infection in a resident of an LTCF, who should initially evaluate the resident with suspected infection, what clinical evaluation should be performed, how LTCF staff can effectively communicate about possible infection with clinicians, and what laboratory tests should be ordered. Finally, a general outline of how a suspected outbreak of a specific infectious disease should be investigated in an LTCF is provided. C1 [High, Kevin P.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Sect Infect Dis Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Bradley, Suzanne F.] Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, GRECC, Div Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Bradley, Suzanne F.] Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, GRECC, Div Geriatr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, AMDA Fdn Res Network, Providence, RI USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Qual Partners Rhode Isl, Providence, RI USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Div Geriatr, Providence, RI USA. [Gravenstein, Stefan] Brown Univ, Dept Med, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mehr, David R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Curtis W & Ann H Long Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Quagliarello, Vincent J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, New Haven, CT USA. [Richards, Chesley] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Divis Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richards, Chesley] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Divis Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yoshikawa, Thomas T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bradley, Suzanne F.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP High, KP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Sect Infect Dis Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, 100 Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM khigh@wfubmc.edu FU Infectious Diseases Society of America FX Support for this guideline was provided by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. NR 148 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1086/595683 PG 23 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 389JJ UT WOS:000262088400006 PM 19072244 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Tian, LH Metcalf, CA Malotte, CK Paul, SM Douglas, JM AF Peterman, Thomas A. Tian, Lin H. Metcalf, Carol A. Malotte, C. Kevin Paul, Sindy M. Douglas, John M., Jr. CA RESPECT-2 Study Grp TI Persistent, Undetected Trichomonas vaginalis Infections? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID CULTURE; DIAGNOSIS; VALIDITY; WOMEN C1 [Malotte, C. Kevin] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Paul, Sindy M.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Metcalf, Carol A.] Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. [Peterman, Thomas A.; Tian, Lin H.; Douglas, John M., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpeterman@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 389JJ UT WOS:000262088400018 PM 19113985 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Kieke, BA Donahue, JG Greenlee, RT Balish, A Foust, A Lindstrom, S Shay, DK AF Belongia, Edward A. Kieke, Burney A. Donahue, James G. Greenlee, Robert T. Balish, Amanda Foust, Angie Lindstrom, Stephen Shay, David K. CA Marshfield Influenza Study Grp TI Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Varied Substantially with Antigenic Match from the 2004-2005 Season to the 2006-2007 Season SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 16-19, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; DRIFTED INFLUENZA; WORKING ADULTS; NASAL SWAB; VACCINATION; EFFICACY; PREVENTION AB Background. We estimated the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed, medically attended influenza during 3 seasons with variable antigenic match between vaccine and patient strains. Methods. Patients were enrolled during or after a clinical encounter for acute respiratory illness. Influenza infection was confirmed by culture or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Case-control analyses were performed that used data from patients who were ill without influenza (hereafter, "test-negative control subjects") and data from asymptomatic control subjects from the population (hereafter, "traditional control subjects"). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as [100 x (1 - adjusted odds ratio)]. Influenza isolates were antigenically characterized. Results. Influenza was detected in 167 (20%) of 818 patients in 2004-2005, in 51 (14%) of 356 in 2005-2006, and in 102 (11%) of 932 in 2006-2007. Analyses that used data from test-negative control subjects showed that VE was 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], - 36% to 40%) in 2004-2005, 21% (95% CI, -52% to 59%) in 2005-2006, and 52% (95% CI, 22% to 70%) in 2006-2007. Using data from traditional control subjects, VE for those seasons was estimated to be 5% (95% CI, -52% to 40%), 11% (95% CI, -96% to 59%), and 37% (95% CI, -10% to 64%), respectively; confidence intervals included 0. The percentage of viruses that were antigenically matched to vaccine strains was 5% (3 of 62) in 2004-2005, 5% (2 of 42) in 2005-2006, and 91% (85 of 93) in 2006-2007. Conclusions. Influenza VE varied substantially across 3 seasons and was highest when antigenic match was optimal. VE estimates that used data from test-negative control subjects were consistently higher than those that used data from traditional control subjects. C1 [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Balish, Amanda; Foust, Angie; Lindstrom, Stephen; Shay, David K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [1 U01 CI000192-01] NR 38 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1086/595861 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 389IQ UT WOS:000262086500002 PM 19086915 ER PT J AU Mwinzi, PNM Ganley-Leal, L Black, CL Secor, WE Karanja, DMS Colley, DG AF Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Ganley-Leal, Lisa Black, Carla L. Secor, W. Evan Karanja, Diana M. S. Colley, Daniel G. TI Circulating CD23(+) B Cell Subset Correlates with the Development of Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni Reinfection in Occupationally Exposed Adults Who Have Undergone Multiple Treatments SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; FC-EPSILON-RII; IGE SYNTHESIS; SOLUBLE CD23; IN-VIVO; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Background. Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are often associated with resistance to reinfection in human schistosomiasis. However, Although B cells are the source of schistosome-specific IgE, little is known about B cell subsets or their functions in this infection. We evaluated B cells and their expression of the low-affinity IgE receptor (CD23) in a unique cohort of men occupationally exposed to Schistosoma mansoni and longitudinally followed up through multiple treatments with praziquantel, cures, and reinfections. Methods. Resistance levels were calculated on the basis of documented water exposure and reinfection data over many years. The CD23(+) B cell subset was evaluated in whole blood by flow cytometry. Serum antibody isotype and soluble CD23 (sCD23) concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Expression of membrane CD23 (mCD23) on B cells correlated with the development of resistance against S. mansoni. Higher levels of plasma sCD23, the cleaved form of mCD23, also correlated with resistance and other markers of resistance to reinfection, such as eosinophilia. Conclusions. CD23 may be involved in the development of resistance to schistosome infection through its role in IgE regulation. Understanding these complex host-parasite interactions may lead to insights into the development, mechanisms, and regulation of resistance to reinfection with S. mansoni. C1 [Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coverdell Ctr, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Karanja, Diana M. S.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Ganley-Leal, Lisa] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston Med Ctr,Sect Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Black, Carla L.; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colley, DG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coverdell Ctr, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Rm 330B,500 W Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dcolley@uga.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007123]; NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI060546, R21 AI074843-01A2, AI 053692, R01 AI053695, R21 AI074843]; PHS HHS [D43 T007123W]; Wellcome Trust [083607] NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1086/595792 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 389IQ UT WOS:000262086500016 PM 19072134 ER PT J AU Hsu, HE Shutt, KA Moore, MR Beall, BW Bennett, NM Craig, AS Farley, MM Jorgensen, JH Lexau, CA Petit, S Reingold, A Schaffner, W Thomas, A Whitney, CG Harrison, LH AF Hsu, Heather E. Shutt, Kathleen A. Moore, Matthew R. Beall, Bernard W. Bennett, Nancy M. Craig, Allen S. Farley, Monica M. Jorgensen, James H. Lexau, Catherine A. Petit, Susan Reingold, Arthur Schaffner, William Thomas, Ann Whitney, Cynthia G. Harrison, Lee H. TI Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Meningitis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; ERA; INFECTIONS; CHILDHOOD; SEROTYPES; CARRIAGE; CHILDREN AB Background Invasive pneumococcal disease declined among children and adults after the introduction of the pediatric heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV7) in 2000, but its effect on pneumococcal meningitis is unclear. Methods We examined trends in pneumococcal meningitis from 1998 through 2005 using active, population- based surveillance data from eight sites in the United States. Isolates were grouped into PCV7 serotypes ( 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), PCV7- related serotypes ( 6A, 9A, 9L, 9N, 18A, 18B, 18F, 19B, 19C, 23A, and 23B), and non- PCV7 serotypes ( all others). Changes in the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis were assessed against baseline values from 1998- 1999. Results We identified 1379 cases of pneumococcal meningitis. The incidence declined from 1.13 cases to 0.79 case per 100,000 persons between 1998- 1999 and 2004- 2005 ( a 30.1% decline, P< 0.001). Among persons younger than 2 years of age and those 65 years of age or older, the incidence decreased during the study period by 64.0% and 54.0%, respectively ( P< 0.001 for both groups). Rates of PCV7- serotype meningitis declined from 0.66 case to 0.18 case ( a 73.3% decline, P< 0.001) among patients of all ages. Although rates of PCV7- related- serotype disease decreased by 32.1% ( P = 0.08), rates of non- PCV7- serotype disease increased from 0.32 to 0.51 ( an increase of 60.5%, P< 0.001). The percentages of cases from non- PCV7 serotypes 19A, 22F, and 35B each increased significantly during the study period. On average, 27.8% of isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin, but fewer isolates were nonsusceptible to chloramphenicol ( 5.7%), meropenem ( 16.6%), and cefotaxime ( 11.8%). The proportion of penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates decreased between 1998 and 2003 ( from 32.0% to 19.4%, P = 0.01) but increased between 2003 and 2005 ( from 19.4% to 30.1%, P = 0.03). Conclusions Rates of pneumococcal meningitis have decreased among children and adults since PCV7 was introduced. Although the overall effect of the vaccine remains substantial, a recent increase in meningitis caused by non- PCV7 serotypes, including strains nonsusceptible to antibiotics, is a concern. C1 [Hsu, Heather E.; Shutt, Kathleen A.; Harrison, Lee H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Moore, Matthew R.; Beall, Bernard W.; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Lexau, Catherine A.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon State Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, 521 Parran Hall,130 Desoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM lharriso@edc.pitt.edu OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [K24 AI052788]; Sanofi-Pasteur; AstraZeneca; Wyeth; BD Diagnostics; bioMerieux; Astellis; Siemens MicroScan; Accelr8 Technology; Arpida; Johnson Johnson; Cubist; Merck; Pfizer; GlaxoSmithKline FX Supported by the CDC and a career development award from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K24 AI052788, to Dr. Harrison). Ms. Shutt reports receiving grant support from Sanofi-Pasteur and AstraZeneca; Dr. Bennett, honoraria and travel expenses from Wyeth for an advisory board meeting on an experimental pneumococcal vaccine and from Merck for participation on an advisory board on herpes zoster vaccine; Dr. Farley, travel expenses for lectures from Wyeth; Dr. Jorgensen, consulting, lecture, or advisory fees from BD Diagnostics, bioMerieux, Astellis, Siemens MicroScan, and Accelr8 Technology and grant support from bioMerieux, Arpida, Johnson & Johnson, Cubist, Merck, and Pfizer; Dr. Schaffner, honoraria from Wyeth for an advisory board meeting about an experimental vaccine and from Merck for participation on a data and safety monitoring board for experimental vaccines and advisory-board meetings on adult immunization and pneumococcal vaccine; and Dr. Harrison, consulting fees and honoraria from Wyeth, Merck, Sanofi-Pasteur, and GlaxoSmithKline and grant support from Sanofi-Pasteur. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.; We thank the personnel in the Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites of the Emerging Infections Program, especially Wendy Baughman and Paul Malpiedi of the Georgia Emerging Infections Program; Rosemary Hollick and Kim Holmes of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Brenda G. Barnes of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine; Lori Triden, Ruth Lynfield, and Richard Danila of the Clinical Microbiology Section, Minnesota Public Health Laboratory; James L. Hadler and Zack Fraser of the Connecticut Department of Public Health; Karen Stefonek of the Oregon Public Health Division; Shelley M. Zansky of the Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health; Glenda L. Smith of the Emerging Infections Program, Rochester, NY; and Susan Brooks and Pamala Daily of the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA; and also Delois Jackson and her team in the CDC Strep Laboratory for serotyping and data on minimal inhibitory concentrations; M. Leticia McElmeel, Letitia Fulcher, and Christa Trippy for assistance with the antimicrobial susceptibility testing; and Tamara Pilishvili and Elizabeth Zell for assistance with data management and programming. NR 35 TC 238 Z9 254 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 3 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0800836 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394GR UT WOS:000262434500007 PM 19144940 ER PT J AU De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB AF De Alwis, G. K. Hemakanthi Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Automated solid phase extraction, on-support derivatization and isotope dilution-GC/MS method for the detection of urinary dialkyl phosphates in humans SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Organophosphorous pesticides; Dialkyl phosphate metabolites; Extractive-derivatization ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; ALKYL PHOSPHATES; HUMAN EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; INSECTICIDES; SENSITIVITY; CARBONYLS AB We developed an analytical method based on solid phase extraction, on-support derivatization and isotope dilution-GC/MS for the detection of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, dimethyl thiophosphate, diethyl thiophosphate. dimethyl dithiophosphate, and diethyl dithiophosphate in human urine. The sample preparative procedure is simple and fully automated. In this method, the analytes were extracted from the urinary matrix onto a styrene-divinyl benzene polymer-based solid phase extraction cartridge and derivatized on-column with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The ester conjugated analytes are eluted from the column with acetonitrile, concentrated and analyzed. Compared to extraction-post extraction derivatization methods for the analysis of DAP metabolites, this on-support derivatization is fast, efficient, and less labor-intensive. Furthermore. it has fewer steps in the sample preparation, uses less solvent and produces less interference. The method is highly sensitive with limits of detection for the analytes ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL. The recoveries were high and comparable with those of our previous method. Relative standard deviation, indicative of the repeatability and precision of the method, was 1-17% for the metabolites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [De Alwis, G. K. Hemakanthi; Needham, Larry L.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP De Alwis, GKH (reprint author), US FDA, FDA Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM hemakanthi.dealwis@fda.hhs.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.08.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 398WD UT WOS:000262761300021 PM 19064092 ER PT J AU van Griensven, F AF van Griensven, Frits TI Non-condom use risk-reduction behaviours: can they help to contain the spread of HIV infection among men who have sex with men? SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; TRENDS C1 [van Griensven, Frits] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [van Griensven, Frits] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Public Hlth Soi 4, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831fb56e PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 400OB UT WOS:000262876600013 PM 19098495 ER PT J AU Pitman, J Marum, L Basavaraju, S McIntyre, A AF Pitman, J. Marum, L. Basavaraju, S. McIntyre, A. TI Progress Toward Strengthening Blood Transfusion Services 14 Countries, 2003-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1273-1277, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Pitman, J.; Marum, L.; Basavaraju, S.; McIntyre, A.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pitman, J (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 393VV UT WOS:000262405500009 ER PT J AU Prejean, J Song, R An, Q Hall, HI AF Prejean, J. Song, R. An, Q. Hall, H. I. TI Subpopulation Estimates From the HIV Incidence Surveillance System-United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 985-989, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION; HIV/AIDS C1 [Prejean, J.; Song, R.; An, Q.; Hall, H. I.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Prejean, J (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 393VV UT WOS:000262405500010 ER PT J AU Cochi, SL Kew, O AF Cochi, Stephen L. Kew, Olen TI Global Eradication of Polio Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Cochi, Stephen L.; Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cochi, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scochi@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 2 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 393VV UT WOS:000262405500016 ER PT J AU Lederman, E Miramontes, R Openshaw, J Olson, VA Karem, KL Marcinak, J Panares, R Staggs, W Allen, D Weber, SG Vora, S Gerber, SI Hughes, CM Regnery, R Collins, L Diaz, PS Reynolds, MG Damon, I AF Lederman, Edith Miramontes, Roque Openshaw, John Olson, Victoria A. Karem, Kevin L. Marcinak, John Panares, Rodrigo Staggs, Wayne Allen, Donna Weber, Stephen G. Vora, Surabhi Gerber, Susan I. Hughes, Christine M. Regnery, Russell Collins, Limone Diaz, Pamela S. Reynolds, Mary G. Damon, Inger TI Eczema vaccinatum resulting from the transmission of vaccinia virus from a smallpox vaccinee: An investigation of potential fomites in the home environment SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Smallpox vaccination; Vaccinia virus; Eczema vaccinatum; Environmental sampling ID MONKEYPOX-VIRUS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; EFFICACY; CONTACT AB On March 3, 2007, a 2-year-old boy was hospitalized with eczema vaccinatum. His two siblings, one with eczema, were subsequently removed from the home. Swabs of household items obtained on March 13th were analyzed for orthopoxvirus DNA signatures with real-time PCR. Virus Culture was attempted on positive specimens. Eight of 25 household samples were positive by PCR for orthopoxvirus; of these, three yielded viable vaccinia virus in culture. Both siblings were found to have serologic evidence of orthopoxvirus exposure. These findings have implications for smallpox preparedness, especially in situations where some household members are not candidates for vaccination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lederman, Edith; Olson, Victoria A.; Karem, Kevin L.; Hughes, Christine M.; Regnery, Russell; Reynolds, Mary G.; Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lederman, Edith; Miramontes, Roque; Openshaw, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miramontes, Roque; Diaz, Pamela S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response, Epidemiol Surveillance & Response Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Panares, Rodrigo] Hammond City Hlth Dept, Hammond, IN USA. [Staggs, Wayne; Allen, Donna] Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Weber, Stephen G.] Univ Chicago, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gerber, Susan I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Collins, Limone] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lederman, E (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edith.lederman@med.navy.mil OI Miramontes, Roque/0000-0001-9535-460X NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.019 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 399DJ UT WOS:000262780300007 PM 19027813 ER PT J AU Yi, J Akkutlu, IY Karacan, CO Clarkson, CR AF Yi, Jun Akkutlu, I. Yucel Karacan, C. Oezgen Clarkson, C. R. TI Gas sorption and transport in coals: A poroelastic medium approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Poroelastic medium; Bidisperse; Dual-sorption; Coal swelling; Sorption hysteresis ID POLYMER-SOLVENT SYSTEMS; CASE-II DIFFUSION; PORE STRUCTURE; DEBORAH NUMBER; CO2 INJECTION; PRESSURE; ADSORPTION; METHANE; PERMEABILITY; DESORPTION AB In this paper, single-component gas sorption and transient diffusion processes are described within coal matrix exhibiting bimodal pore structure. The coal matrix is treated as a poroelastic medium manifesting swelling and shrinkage effects due to the sorption of gas under effective overburden stress. Gas transport is considered Fickian with molecular (bulk) and surface diffusion processes simultaneously taking place in the macro- and micropores of coal, respectively. The numerical formulation is intended to be explicit in nature to investigate the influences of sorption phenomena on the macropore volumes and on the overall gas transport for the cases of gas uptake by and release from coal. Results of the study show the presence of hysteresis during a sorption-desorption cycle of the gas. It is also found that the overall gas transport takes place at a rate significantly less than that in the macropores only. Thus the existence of a retardation effect in the overall gas transport is concluded. This retardation effect is primarily due to the micropore resistances, in particular gas adsorption, and is independent of the changes in the macropore volumes. It is shown that macroporosity of the coal matrix may change during gas transport due to combined effects of pressure and sorption-induced swelling or shrinkage of the coal. It is estimated that the macroporosity variation is non-uniform in space and time, as it is expected in reality, and typically taking values less than +/- 10 percent of the initial porosity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akkutlu, I. Yucel] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yi, Jun] Chongqing Univ, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. [Karacan, C. Oezgen] CDC, NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Clarkson, C. R.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Akkutlu, IY (reprint author), 100 E Boyd,Sarkeys Energy Ctr,Room T-311, Norman, OK 73079 USA. EM akkutlu@ou.edu FU Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, CNSFC, China; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC FX This research was partially funded by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, CNSFC, China, and by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC. Here, we gratefully acknowledge their financial contributions. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2008.09.016 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 395XA UT WOS:000262555600016 ER PT J AU Campsmith, ML Rhodes, P Hall, HI Green, T AF Campsmith, M. L. Rhodes, P. Hall, H. I. Green, T. TI HIV Prevalence Estimates-United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1073-1076, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Campsmith, M. L.; Rhodes, P.; Hall, H. I.; Green, T.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Campsmith, ML (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 391FY UT WOS:000262220400008 ER PT J AU Dumolard, L Gacic-Dobo, M Shapiro, CN Wiersma, S Wang, SA AF Dumolard, L. Gacic-Dobo, M. Shapiro, C. N. Wiersma, S. Wang, S. A. TI Implementation of Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccination-Worldwide, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 1249-1252, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Dumolard, L.; Gacic-Dobo, M.; Shapiro, C. N.; Wiersma, S.] WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Wang, S. A.] CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dumolard, L (reprint author), WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 391FY UT WOS:000262220400009 ER PT J AU Yesupriya, A Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Yesupriya, Ajay Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Muin J. TI Building a Knowledge Base on Genetic Variation and Cancer Risk Through Field Synopses SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; REPLICATION; DATABASE; DISEASE; HUGE C1 [Yesupriya, Ajay; Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yesupriya, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ayesupriya@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn452 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 392WS UT WOS:000262333500004 PM 19116390 ER PT J AU Kayentao, K Maiga, H Newman, RD McMorrow, ML Hoppe, A Yattara, O Traore, H Kone, Y Guirou, EA Saye, R Traore, B Djimde, A Doumbo, OK AF Kayentao, Kassoum Maiga, Hamma Newman, Robert D. McMorrow, Meredith L. Hoppe, Annett Yattara, Oumar Traore, Hamidou Kone, Younoussou Guirou, Etienne A. Saye, Renion Traore, Boubacar Djimde, Abdoulaye Doumbo, Ogobara K. TI Artemisinin-based combinations versus amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Faladje, Mali SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; EFFICACY; CHLOROQUINE; ARTESUNATE; UGANDA; SULFADOXINE/PYRIMETHAMINE; THERAPY AB Background: Because of the emergence of chloroquine resistance in Mali, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate-amodiaquine (AS+AQ) are recommended as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria, but have not been available in Mali until recently because of high costs. Methods: From July 2005 to January 2006, a randomized open-label trial of three oral antimalarial combinations, namely AS+AQ, artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP), and amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP), was conducted in Faladje, Mali. Parasite genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to distinguish new from recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum infections. Results: 397 children 6 to 59 months of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolled, and followed for 28 days to assess treatment efficacy. Baseline characteristics were similar in all three treatment groups. The uncorrected rates of adequate clinical and parasitologic response (ACPR) were 55.7%, 90.8%, and 97.7% in AS+AQ, AS+SP, and AQ+SP respectively (p < 0.001); after PCR correction ACPR rates were similar among treatment groups: 95.4%, 96.9%, and 99.2% respectively (p = 0.17). Mean haemoglobin concentration increased across all treatment groups from Day 0 (9.82 +/- 1.68 g/ dL) to Day 28 (10.78 +/- 1.49 g/ dL) (p < 0.001), with the greatest improvement occurring in children treated with AQ+SP. On Day 2, the prevalence of parasitaemia was significantly greater among children treated with AQ+SP (50.8%) than in children treated with AS+AQ (10.5%) or AS+SP (10.8%) (p < 0.001). No significant difference in gametocyte carriage was found between groups during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The combination of AQ+SP provides a potentially low cost alternative for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in Mali and appears to have the added value of longer protective effect against new infection. C1 [Kayentao, Kassoum; Maiga, Hamma; Yattara, Oumar; Traore, Hamidou; Kone, Younoussou; Guirou, Etienne A.; Saye, Renion; Traore, Boubacar; Djimde, Abdoulaye; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Dent, Dept Epidemiol Parasitol Dis, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Newman, Robert D.; McMorrow, Meredith L.; Hoppe, Annett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot,Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kayentao, K (reprint author), Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Dent, Dept Epidemiol Parasitol Dis, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali. EM kayentao@mrtcbko.org; hmaiga@mrtcbko.org; ren5@cdc.gov; bwe3@cdc.gov; cjn8@cdc.gov; oyattara@mrtcbko.org; traoreha7906@yahoo.fr; younouskone@mrtcbko.org; eguirou@mrtcbko.org; srenion@mrtcbko.org; bouba.traore@mrtcbko.org; adjimde@mrtcbko.org; okd@mrtcbko.org NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-5 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 410AW UT WOS:000263548200002 PM 19128455 ER PT J AU Thompson, ND Perz, JF Moorman, AC Holmberg, SD AF Thompson, Nicola D. Perz, Joseph F. Moorman, Anne C. Holmberg, Scott D. TI Nonhospital Health Care-Associated Hepatitis B and C Virus Transmission: United States, 1998-2008 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID INFECTION-CONTROL; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; SETTINGS AB In the United States, transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from health care exposures has been considered uncommon. However, a review of outbreak information revealed 33 outbreaks in nonhospital health care settings in the past decade: 12 in outpatient clinics, 6 in hemodialysis centers, and 15 in long-term care facilities, resulting in 448 persons acquiring HBV or HCV infection. In each setting, the putative mechanism of infection was patient-to-patient transmission through failure of health care personnel to adhere to fundamental principles of infection control and aseptic technique (for example, reuse of syringes or lancing devices). Difficult to detect and investigate, these recognized outbreaks indicate a wider and growing problem as health care is increasingly provided in outpatient settings in which infection control training and oversight may be inadequate. A comprehensive approach involving better viral hepatitis surveillance and case investigation, health care provider education and training, professional oversight, licensing, and public awareness is needed to ensure that patients are always afforded basic levels of protection against viral hepatitis transmission. C1 [Thompson, Nicola D.; Moorman, Anne C.; Holmberg, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Perz, Joseph F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ndthompson@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 33 EP W7 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397IC UT WOS:000262655100005 PM 19124818 ER PT J AU Morse, DL Pickering, LK Baker, CJ Beck, RL Chilton, L Cieslak, P Ehresmann, KR Englund, J Judson, FN Lett, SM Marcy, MS Meissner, CH Mootrey, GT Neuzil, K Sawyer, MH Sumaya, CV Temte, J AF Morse, Dale L. Pickering, Larry K. Baker, Carol J. Beck, Robert L. Chilton, Lance Cieslak, Paul Ehresmann, Kristen R. Englund, Janet Judson, Franklyn N. Lett, Susan M. Marcy, Michael S. Meissner, Cody H. Mootrey, Gina T. Neuzil, Kathleen Sawyer, Mark H. Sumaya, Ciro Valent Temte, Jonathan CA Advisory Comm Immunization Practic TI Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule: United States, 2009 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Morse, Dale L.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Mootrey, Gina T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ACIP Adult Immunizat Working Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baker, Carol J.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chilton, Lance] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cieslak, Paul] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Ehresmann, Kristen R.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Englund, Janet] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Judson, Franklyn N.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Lett, Susan M.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamica Plain, MA USA. [Marcy, Michael S.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Meissner, Cody H.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Neuzil, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sawyer, Mark H.] UCSD Sch Med, San Diego, CA USA. [Sawyer, Mark H.] Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Sumaya, Ciro Valent] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Temte, Jonathan] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Morse, DL (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 40 EP W8 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397IC UT WOS:000262655100006 ER PT J AU Smith, JC Snider, DE Pickering, LK AF Smith, Jean C. Snider, Dixie E. Pickering, Larry K. TI Immunization Policy Development in the United States: The Role of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ( ACIP) consists of 15 experts in immunization and related fields, selected by the Secretary of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, to provide advice and guidance on control of vaccine-preventable diseases. In its role as a federal advisory committee, the ACIP develops written recommendations, subject to approval of the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for administration of U. S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed vaccines to children, adolescents, and adults in the U. S. civilian population. On the basis of careful review of available scientific data, including disease morbidity and mortality in the general U. S. population and in specific risk groups, vaccine safety and efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and related factors, the ACIP recommends vaccines and age for vaccine administration, number of doses and dosing interval, and precautions and contraindications. The ACIP works closely with several liaison organizations, including the American College of Physicians, to develop immunization recommendations that are harmonized among key professional medical organizations in the United States. This report includes a description of the member composition of the ACIP, the degree to which Committee members are screened for conflicts of interest, the workgroups that gather information before full Committee consideration, and the process and types of evidence used to formulate recommendations. C1 [Smith, Jean C.; Pickering, Larry K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LPickering@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 45 EP W9 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397IC UT WOS:000262655100007 PM 19124820 ER PT J AU Slutsker, L Newman, RD AF Slutsker, Laurence Newman, Robert D. TI Malaria scale-up progress: is the glass half-empty or half-full? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEDNETS; AFRICA C1 [Slutsker, Laurence; Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Slutsker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM lms5@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 3 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9657 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61597-4 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390SK UT WOS:000262183800009 PM 19019423 ER PT S AU Aravamudhan, S Joseph, PJ Kuklenyik, Z Boyer, AE Barr, JR AF Aravamudhan, Shyam Joseph, Paul J. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Boyer, Anne E. Barr, John R. GP IEEE TI Integrated Microfluidic Enzyme Reactor Mass Spectrometry Platform for Detection of Anthrax Lethal Factor SO 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY SEP 03-06, 2009 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID SERUM AB In this work, we have developed a coupled microfluidic enzyme reactor mass spectrometry platform for the detection of protein toxins such as anthrax lethal factor. The lethal toxin produced during Bacillus anthracis infection is a complex protective antigen, which localizes the toxin to the cell receptor and lethal factor (LF). We have demonstrated, in this work, the applicability of a microfluidic reactor for the capture and concentration of enzyme reaction solid-phase. The reaction solid-phase consists of anti-LF monoclonal antibodies immobilized on magnetic protein G beads for the capture of LF. The captured LF, on exposure to optimized peptide substrate, hydrolyzes into two smaller peptide products. These cleavage products were then analyzed by mass spectrometer coupled to the microfluidic reactor. This resulted in efficient sample preparation, high sensitivity, larger reaction sites, less reagents consumption and shorter analysis time. We have showed here reproducible detection of anthrax lethal factor in concentration range of 40 to 0.5 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. The enzymatic reaction and the analysis were performed in less than 15 minutes, indicating a rapid diagnostic tool for early anthrax prognosis. C1 [Aravamudhan, Shyam; Joseph, Paul J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna; Boyer, Anne E.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Aravamudhan, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM saravamu@gatech.edu; paul.joseph@mirc.gatech.edu; czk9@cdc.gov; jbarr@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta GA FX This work was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta GA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-3295-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2009 BP 1071 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5335064 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BQB05 UT WOS:000280543600273 ER PT B AU Taylor, T Whalen, T Cohen, M AF Taylor, T. Whalen, T. Cohen, M. GP IEEE TI Why We Need Fuzzy Models in Bio-Risk Assessment SO 2009 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 14-17, 2009 CL Cincinnati, OH DE Risk Assessment; Fuzzy Math; Possibility ID ANTHRAX AB A substantial weakness of the Risk-Assessment guidelines adopted by four US Government agencies is their failure to properly reflect the inherent statistical and non-statistical uncertainties involved in risk measurement. This paper critically reviews the four-stage guideline developed by the National Research Council (NRC) in 1983 and adopted, de facto, by EPA, FDA, OSHA, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Examples are given of specific risks where the guidelines are inappropriate. We introduce our concept of the 5th stage of Risk Assessment. Finally, we present current or potential applications of fuzzy and/or possibilistic tools which could improve the assessments. In addition, we describe how the application of possibility theory could improve the communication of risk in the context of NRCs four stages. C1 [Taylor, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Whalen, T.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Cohen, M.] Frontline Healthcare Workers Safety Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4575-2 PY 2009 BP 365 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMC16 UT WOS:000271827700063 ER PT J AU Curry, AE Thorsen, P Drews, C Schendel, D Skogstrand, K Flanders, WD Hougaard, D Olsen, J Vogel, I AF Curry, Allison Elizabeth Thorsen, Poul Drews, Carolyn Schendel, Diana Skogstrand, Kristin Flanders, William Dana Hougaard, David Olsen, Jorn Vogel, Ida TI First-trimester maternal plasma cytokine levels, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and spontaneous preterm delivery SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; inflammation; premature; preterm birth ID FLUID INTERLEUKIN-6 LEVELS; NATIONAL-BIRTH-COHORT; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6; PREDICTION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY AB Objective. To examine associations between first-trimester plasma cytokines and spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD). Design. A case-control study was nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort, a cohort of women with 101,042 pregnancies from 1997 to 2002 who were recruited during pregnancy and followed prospectively. Sample. Subjects included 107 women delivering singleton infants at 24-29 weeks, 353 at 30-33 weeks, 422 at 34-36 weeks, and 1,372 at 37 weeks. Methods. Maternal plasma interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interferon (IFN)-, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured at a median of eight weeks gestation using multiplex flow cytometry. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using polytomous logistic regression. Main outcome measures. sPTD categorized as: 24-29 weeks, 30-33 weeks, 34-36 weeks, and 37 weeks (controls). Results. Elevated TNF- and GM-CSF were associated with an increased risk of delivery at 34-36 weeks. In underweight women, sPTD 34 weeks was associated with elevated (75th percentile) IL-6 (OR=5.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73, 18.26) and TNF- (OR=3.02, CI: 1.02, 8.91) compared with term delivery. Conversely, among obese women, elevated IL-2 (OR=0.30, CI: 0.11, 0.78) and TNF- (OR=0.15, CI: 0.05, 0.47) were associated with a reduced risk of delivering at 34 weeks. Cytokines were not related to delivery at 34 weeks in normal-weight and overweight women. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the association between first-trimester plasma cytokine levels and sPTD may depend on pre-pregnancy body mass index. C1 [Curry, Allison Elizabeth; Thorsen, Poul; Skogstrand, Kristin; Vogel, Ida] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Curry, Allison Elizabeth; Thorsen, Poul; Drews, Carolyn; Flanders, William Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schendel, Diana] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Skogstrand, Kristin; Hougaard, David] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. [Vogel, Ida] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Vogel, I (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, Paludan Mullers Vej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM iv@soci.au.dk OI Skogstrand, Kristin/0000-0002-0026-3711 FU March of Dimes [20-FY0328]; CDC Cooperative Agreement [UR3/CCU018305-03]; American Women in Science Fellowship FX We would like to acknowledge Rebecca Buus for her contribution to the study design, and Mads Melbye for his work on the DNBC. This publication was supported by March of Dimes (Grant No. 20-FY0328), a CDC Cooperative Agreement (Grant No. UR3/CCU018305-03), and an American Women in Science Fellowship. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 332 EP 342 AR PII 908063229 DI 10.1080/00016340802702219 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 412DR UT WOS:000263704300016 PM 19241227 ER PT S AU Sahakian, N Kreiss, K AF Sahakian, Nancy Kreiss, Kathleen BE Taylor, SL TI Lung Disease in Flavoring and Food Production: Learning from Butter Flavoring SO ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, VOL 55 SE Advances in Food and Nutrition Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; BAKERS ASTHMA; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; MILK-PROTEINS; GARLIC DUST; WORKERS; ALLERGY; RHINITIS; INDUSTRY AB Workers in the food industry are exposed to multiple respiratory hazards that include irritants, allergens, and substances capable of causing destruction and scarring of the lungs. Cases of constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans, a severe potentially disabling lung disease, have been identified in workers exposed to flavorings. Workplace engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection can minimize potential exposures. Medical surveillance of workers exposed to known respiratory hazards will help to identify disease early, facilitate the prompt removal of workers from the causative exposure(s), and prevent further worsening and/or permanence of disease. When companies or employees suspect occupational respiratory disease, they can involve public health agencies to investigate any excess risk of lung disease, risk factors among processes and exposures, and effectiveness of interventions, if needed. C1 [Sahakian, Nancy; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sahakian, N (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1043-4526 BN 978-0-08-092079-5 J9 ADV FOOD NUTR RES JI Adv. Food Nutr. Res. PY 2009 VL 55 BP 163 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S1043-4526(08)00403-8 PG 30 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCP45 UT WOS:000310960300003 PM 18772104 ER PT S AU Tyson, KR Piesman, J AF Tyson, Katharine R. Piesman, Joseph BE Simpson, SJ Casas, J TI Lyme Disease Spirochete-Tick-Host Interactions SO ADVANCES IN INSECT PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 37: PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL DISEASE VECTORS SE Advances in Insect Physiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACT; OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; AMERICAN DOG TICK; LONE STAR TICK; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; ORNITHODOROS-SAVIGNYI ACARI; RHIPICEPHALUS-APPENDICULATUS TICKS; PLATELET-AGGREGATION INHIBITOR; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE DEFENSIN C1 [Tyson, Katharine R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Tyson, KR (reprint author), Scynexis Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 278 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2806 BN 978-0-12-374829-4 J9 ADV INSECT PHYSIOL JI Adv. Insect Physiol. PY 2009 VL 37 BP 243 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0065-2806(09)37005-8 PG 54 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BMN60 UT WOS:000272973600006 ER PT S AU Belser, JA Szretter, KJ Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Szretter, Kristy J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. BE Maramorosch, K Shatkin, AJ Murphy, FA TI Use of Animal Models to Understand the Pandemic Potential of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 73 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID A H5N1 VIRUS; LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; NEURAMINIDASE STALK LENGTH; HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GENE PROTECTS MICE; SINGLE-AMINO-ACID; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; NF-KAPPA-B; NS1 PROTEIN AB It has been 40 years since the last influenza pandemic and it is generally considered that another could occur at any time. Recent introductions of influenza A viruses from avian sources into the human population have raised concerns that these viruses may be a source of a future pandemic strain. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses for mammalian species so that we may be better able to predict the pandemic potential of such viruses and develop improved methods for their prevention and control. In this review, we describe the virulence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses in the mouse and ferret models. The use of these models is providing exciting new insights into the contribution of virus and host responses toward avian influenza viruses, virus tropism, and virus transmissibility. Identifying the role of individual viral gene products and mapping the molecular determinants that influence the severity of disease observed following avian influenza virus infection is dependent on the use of reliable animal models. As avian influenza viruses continue to cause human disease and death, animal pathogenesis studies identify avenues of investigation for novel preventative and therapeutic agents that could be effective in the event of a future pandemic. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Szretter, Kristy J.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Belser, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 234 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-374786-0 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2009 VL 73 BP 55 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(09)73002-7 PG 43 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Virology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Virology GA BVW98 UT WOS:000293008800002 PM 19695381 ER PT J AU Ku, BK de la Mora, JF AF Ku, Bon Ki de la Mora, Juan Fernandez TI Relation between Electrical Mobility, Mass, and Size for Nanodrops 1-6.5 nm in Diameter in Air SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHARGED AEROSOL-PARTICLES; NANOMETER PARTICLES; PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; IONS; CLUSTERS; FIELD; SPECTROMETRY; STANDARDS AB A large number of data on mobility and mass have been newly obtained or reanalyzed for clusters of a diversity of materials, with the aim of determining the relation between electrical mobility (Z) and mass diameter d(m) = (6m/pi rho)(1/3) (m is the particle mass and rho the bulk density of the material forming the cluster) for nanoparticles with dm ranging from 1 nm to 6.5 nm. The clusters were generated by electrospraying solutions of ionic liquids, tetra-alkyl ammonium salts, cyclodextrin, bradykinin, etc., in acetonitrile, ethanol, water, or formamide. Their electrical mobilities Z in air were measured directly by a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) of high resolution. Their masses m were determined either directly via mass spectrometry, or assigned indirectly by first distinguishing singly (z = 1) and doubly ( z = 2) charged clusters, and then identifying monomers, dimers, ... n-mers, etc., from their ordering in the mobility spectrum. Provided that d(m) > 1.3 nm, data of the form dm vs. [z(1+ m(g)/m)(1/2)/Z)](1/2) fall in a single curve for nanodrops of ionic liquids (ILs) for which. is known (m(g) is the mass of the molecules of suspending gas). Using an effective particle diameter d(p) = d(m) + d(g) and a gas molecule diameter d(g) = 0.300 nm, this curve is also in excellent agreement with the Stokes-Millikan law for spheres. Particles of solid materials fit similarly well the same Stokes-Millikan law when their ( unknown) bulk density is assigned appropriately. C1 [de la Mora, Juan Fernandez] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ku, Bon Ki] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP de la Mora, JF (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM juan.delamora@yale.edu FU NSF [CTS-9871885]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [CAN 9270082]; AFOSR [FA 9550-06-1-0104] FX This work was supported by NSF grant CTS-9871885, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health grant ( Project CAN 9270082), and AFOSR grant FA 9550-06-1-0104. NR 31 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1080/02786820802590510 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394HO UT WOS:000262437100001 ER PT J AU Lee, T Chisholm, WP Slaven, JE Harper, M AF Lee, Taekhee Chisholm, William P. Slaven, James E. Harper, Martin TI Size Distributions of 0.5 to 20 mu m Aerodynamic Diameter Lead-Containing Particles from Aerosol Sampler Walls and Filters SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CALM-AIR; PERFORMANCE; DUST AB The study presented here investigates the number weighted particle size distributions of aerosols generated in the laboratory from lead oxide and lead sulfide dusts and sampled by Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and closed face cassette (CFC) samplers as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wall deposits and filter deposits from each sampler were characterized separately. A Mann-Whitney statistical analysis revealed that differences in the number weighted distributions of particles captured by the filter and the wall were not significant over the size range ( up to 20 mu m aerodynamic equivalent diameter) present in these laboratory-generated aerosols. Furthermore, for these samples it was not possible to distinguish an absolute difference between the IOM and CFC filter catches. By comparing direct measurements of aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED) made by an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) to AEDs calculated from SEM images, empirical shape factors for lead oxide and lead sulfide were determined. To validate this approach APS and SEM measurements of the AED of 2 mu m and 6 mu m physical diameter monodisperse glass and polystyrene microspheres were made. Using the shape factors of spheres and the known densities of these materials, it was found that the SEM determinations of AED agreed with the APS results. To demonstrate the reliability of the redeposition method of sample preparation, lead sulfide and lead oxide aerosols were briefly sampled by IOM samplers such that sufficient particles were collected for SEM examination directly on the filter but not so many that particles were likely to touch or overlap. Half of each filter was analyzed in the SEM directly; the other half was ultrasonically C1 [Lee, Taekhee; Chisholm, William P.; Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Slaven, James E.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Chisholm, WP (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd M-S 3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM wchisholm@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1042 EP 1050 DI 10.1080/02786820903134143 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493JD UT WOS:000269731800006 ER PT J AU Royal, SW Kidder, DP Patrabansh, S Wolitski, RJ Holtgrave, DR Aidala, A Pals, S Stall, R AF Royal, Scott W. Kidder, Daniel P. Patrabansh, Satyendra Wolitski, Richard J. Holtgrave, David R. Aidala, Angela Pals, Sherri Stall, Ron TI Factors associated with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in homeless or unstably housed adults living with HIV SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA DE homeless; HAART; adherence; HIV; mental health; substance use ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; IQOLA PROJECT; HEALTH-STATUS; RISK-FACTOR; DEPRESSION; MEDICATIONS; POPULATION AB The aim of this study is to investigate adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who are homeless or unstably housed. We evaluated homeless or unstably housed PLWHA (n=644) in three US cities were enrolled in the Housing and Health Study. Using baseline data and controlling for gender, race, age, and education, we examined associations between self-reported two- and Seven-day adherence and access to healthcare, mental health, substance use, and attitudes toward HIV medical therapy. Of the 644 participants, 358 (55%) were currently on HAART. For two-day adherence, 280 (78%) reported missing no prescribed doses (100% adherence), and for seven-day adherence, 291 (81%) reported 90% adherence. Logistic regression analyses indicated being younger, not having health insurance, and drug use were associated with missing 1 dose over the past two days. Scoring lower on SF-36 mental component summary scale and having greater risk of depression (CES-D) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) were associated with poorer adherence for both two- and seven-day outcomes. Negative attitudes toward HIV treatment were also associated with lower adherence. Adherence to HIV medications in this population is similar to other groups. Coexisting problems of access to healthcare, higher risk of mental health problems, along with poorer attitudes toward treatment are associated with increased likelihood of missing doses. Comprehensive models of HIV care that include a continuum of medical and social services are essential for treating this population. C1 [Royal, Scott W.; Patrabansh, Satyendra] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kidder, Daniel P.; Wolitski, Richard J.; Pals, Sherri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Aidala, Angela] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Stall, Ron] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Royal, SW (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. EM scott_royal@abtassoc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2001-0123] NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 448 EP 455 AR PII 910767248 DI 10.1080/09540120802270250 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 438TZ UT WOS:000265579600006 PM 19401865 ER PT J AU Frye, V Fortin, P MacKenzie, S Purcell, D Edwards, LV Mitchell, SG Valverde, E Garfein, R Metsch, L Latka, MH AF Frye, Victoria Fortin, Princess MacKenzie, Sonja Purcell, David Edwards, Lorece V. Mitchell, Shannon Gwin Valverde, Eduardo Garfein, R. Metsch, Lisa Latka, Mary H. TI Managing identity impacts associated with disclosure of HIV status: a qualitative investigation SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV disclosure; injection drug use; social identity; HIV prevention ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; CASUAL SEXUAL PARTNERS; SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE; POSITIVE MEN; MEDICAL-CARE; WOMEN; INFECTION; VIOLENCE; STIGMA; RISK AB Disclosure of HIV status to potential and current sex partners by HIV-positive people (HIVPP) is a complex issue that has received a significant amount of attention. Research has found that disclosure depends upon the evaluation by HIVPP of potential benefits and risks, especially of the risks stemming from the profound social stigma of HIV and AIDS. Drawing on concepts from Goffman's classic stigma theory and Anderson's more recently developed cultural-identity theory of drug abuse, we analyzed data from in-depth, post-intervention qualitative interviews with 116 heterosexually active, HIV-positive injection drug users enrolled in a randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent HIV transmission. We explored how disclosure experiences lead to "identity impacts" defined as: (1) identity challenges (i.e. interactions that challenge an individual's self-concept as a "normal" or non-deviant individual); and (2) identity transformations (i.e. processes whereby an individual comes to embrace a new identity and reject behaviors and values of an old one, resulting in the conscious adoption of a social and/or public identity as an HIV-positive individual). Participants engaged in several strategies to manage the identity impacts associated with disclosure. Implications of these findings for research and prevention programming are discussed. C1 [Frye, Victoria] NYU, Steinhardt Sch Culture Educ & Human Dev, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Fortin, Princess] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [MacKenzie, Sonja] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Purcell, David; Edwards, Lorece V.] Sojourner Douglass Coll, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mitchell, Shannon Gwin] Thomson Medstat, Hlth & Prod Res Div, Washington, DC USA. [Mitchell, Shannon Gwin] Friends Social Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Valverde, Eduardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garfein, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Metsch, Lisa] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Latka, Mary H.] Aurum Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Frye, V (reprint author), NYU, Steinhardt Sch Culture Educ & Human Dev, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM vaf5@columbia.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K01 DA020774, K01 DA020774-01] NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1080/09540120802657514 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 503JC UT WOS:000270529100015 PM 20024764 ER PT J AU Friedman, MS Marshal, MP Stall, R Kidder, DP Henny, KD Courtenay-Quirk, C Wolitski, R Aidala, A Royal, S Holtgrave, ADR AF Friedman, Mark S. Marshal, Michael P. Stall, Ron Kidder, Daniel P. Henny, Kirk D. Courtenay-Quirk, Cari Wolitski, RichardJ Aidala, Angela Royal, Scott Holtgrave, Anddavi D. R. TI Associations Between Substance Use, Sexual Risk Taking and HIV Treatment Adherence Among Homeless People living with HIV (vol 21, pg 692, 2009) SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Correction C1 [Friedman, Mark S.; Marshal, Michael P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Kidder, Daniel P.; Henny, Kirk D.; Courtenay-Quirk, Cari] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aidala, Angela] Columbia Univ, Dept Socio Med Sci, New York, NY USA. [Royal, Scott] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Holtgrave, Anddavi D. R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Friedman, MS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1079 DI 10.1080/09540120903251860 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 503JC UT WOS:000270529100016 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, SD Bogart, LM Howerton, D Snyder, S Becker, K Asch, SM AF Pinkerton, Steven D. Bogart, Laura M. Howerton, Devery Snyder, Susan Becker, Kirsten Asch, Steven M. TI Cost of OraQuick oral fluid rapid HIV testing at 35 community clinics and community-based organizations in the USA SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV; rapid testing; cost; community-based organizations ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; INFECTION; VIRUS AB The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the expanded use of rapid HIV antibody tests in community settings to increase the proportion of persons who are aware of their HIV status. The cost of providing rapid testing services in these settings is not known. We conducted a cost survey of non-profit community clinics and community-based organizations (CBOs). The final study sample for the cost analyses included 28 community clinics and seven CBOs that offered rapid HIV testing, all of which used OraSure's OraQuick oral fluid assay. Overall, the mean per-client rapid testing cost was $36.68 for HIV-negative clients (2006 dollars, provider perspective) and $44.22 for preliminary-positive clients. Personnel costs accounted for 55.6% of overall testing costs for negative clients and 63.2% for preliminary-positive clients. This study contributes unique empirical data about the costs of OralQuick rapid testing that can be used by clinic and CBO directors to assess the economic impact of implementing rapid testing at their sites. The findings also could be used to inform discussions regarding national and local HIV testing policies. C1 [Pinkerton, Steven D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Bogart, Laura M.; Becker, Kirsten; Asch, Steven M.] RAND Corp, Hlth Program, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Bogart, Laura M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Howerton, Devery; Snyder, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asch, Steven M.] VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Network, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Asch, Steven M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pinkerton, SD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM pinkrton@mcw.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30-MH52776]; PHS HHS [U65/CCU924523-01] NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1162 DI 10.1080/09540120902729940 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 515MX UT WOS:000271477000010 PM 20024775 ER PT J AU Bansil, P Jamieson, DJ Posner, SF Kourtis, AP AF Bansil, Pooja Jamieson, Denise J. Posner, Samuel F. Kourtis, Athena P. TI Trends in hospitalizations with psychiatric diagnoses among HIV-infected women in the USA, 1994-2004 SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; women; hospitalizations; mental health ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; UNITED-STATES; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; SUBSTANCE USE; DISORDERS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADHERENCE AB Psychiatric illnesses commonly co-occur with HIV infection and such illnesses have been linked to women's poorer medication adherence and suicide. Using hospital discharge data from the 1994-2004 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we conducted this study to describe hospitalizations with psychiatric diagnoses from 1994 through 2004 and evaluate the association of specific psychiatric disorders among hospitalized HIV-infected women in the USA with their lack of adherence to medical treatment and suicide attempt. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine trends in hospitalizations with psychiatric diagnoses among nonpregnant HIV-infected women and the association between specific disorders and women's lack of adherence to medical treatment and suicide attempt. Between 1994 and 2004, the estimated number of all hospitalizations among nonpregnant HIV-infected women increased by 8%, while the number of hospitalizations with a psychiatric diagnosis in this population increased by 73%. After adjusting for demographic factors and alcohol/substance abuse, we found that HIV-infected women were more likely to be hospitalized for mood (odds ratio (OR): 2.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93-2.88), anxiety (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.74-2.88), and psychotic (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.90) disorders in 2004 than in 1994. There was a significant association of alcohol/substance abuse with mood, adjustment, anxiety, personality, and psychotic disorders. Noncompliance with medical treatment was significantly associated with psychotic disorders, whereas suicide attempt/self-inflicted injury was significantly associated with mood, adjustment, anxiety, personality, and psychotic disorders. The number of hospitalizations with a psychiatric diagnosis among HIV-infected women in the USA has increased substantially. As HIV-infected women live longer, these results highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to address mental health issues in this population. C1 [Bansil, Pooja] CONRAD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.; Posner, Samuel F.; Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Bansil, P (reprint author), CONRAD, Atlanta, GA USA. EM pbansil@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1438 DI 10.1080/09540120902814387 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 515NA UT WOS:000271477500012 PM 20024721 ER PT J AU Marhefka, SL Lyon, M Koenig, LJ Orban, L Stein, R Lewis, J Tepper, VJ AF Marhefka, Stephanie L. Lyon, Maureen Koenig, Linda J. Orban, Lisa Stein, Renee Lewis, Jennifer Tepper, Vicki J. TI Emotional and behavioral problems and mental health service utilization of youth living with HIV acquired perinatally or later in life SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV; youth; adolescents; mental health; sexual identity ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED YOUTH; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; GAY; CHILDREN; SUICIDE; PREVALENCE; DEPRESSION AB This study sought to examine predictors of psychological symptoms and psychiatric service receipt among youth with HIV. Data were from the baseline assessment of Adolescent Impact, a study of 13-21-year-old youth with HIV in three US cities. Between August 2003 and February 2005, participants completed the age-appropriate youth or adult self-report symptom checklists (Achenbach system of empirically based assessment) and reported their psychiatric treatment history. Psychiatric diagnoses were abstracted from medical records. The 164 participating youth living with HIV were Black (81%), female (52%), Heterosexually identified (62%), and perinatally HIV-infected (60%). Thirty-one percentage reported levels of internalizing (i.e., self-focused/ emotional), externalizing (i.e., outwardly focused/behavioral), or overall symptoms consistent with clinical psychopathology. In multivariate analyses, questioning one's sexual identity was associated with greater internalizing problems, whereas identifying as Bisexual was associated with greater externalizing problems (p < 0.05). Symptoms were not associated with HIV transmission group. Participants with >= 1 composite score within the clinical range were more likely to have received >= 1 psychiatric service (Odds ratio (OR): 2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 5.13) and a psychiatric diagnosis in the past year (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.27). However, 27% with clinically elevated scores had never received psychiatric care. Results suggest that among youth with HIV, those who identify as Bisexual or Questioning are at greatest risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Despite available mental health services, some youth with HIV are not receiving needed mental health care. Enhanced evaluation, referral and mental health service linkage is needed for these high-risk youth. C1 [Marhefka, Stephanie L.] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lyon, Maureen] Childrens Res Inst, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Adolescent & Young Adult Med, Washington, DC USA. [Koenig, Linda J.; Stein, Renee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Orban, Lisa; Lewis, Jennifer] NYU, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Tepper, Vicki J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Marhefka, SL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM smarhefk@health.usf.edu OI Lyon, Maureen/0000-0002-0955-3969; Marhefka, Stephanie/0000-0001-7708-1521 FU PHS HHS [U64CCU319455, U64CCU219448, U64CCU319459] NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2009 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1447 EP 1454 DI 10.1080/09540120902883085 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 515NA UT WOS:000271477500014 PM 20024723 ER PT J AU Promadej-Lanier, N Thielen, C Hu, DJ Chaowanachan, T Gvetadze, R Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Mcnicholl, JM AF Promadej-Lanier, Nattawan Thielen, Caroline hu, Dale J. Chaowanachan, Thanyanan Gvetadze, Roman Choopanya, Kachit Vanichseni, Suphak Mcnicholl, Janet M. TI Cross-Reactive T Cell Responses in HIV CRF01_AE and B '-Infected Intravenous Drug Users: Implications for Superinfection And Vaccines SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID PROSPECTIVE COHORT; VIRAL LOAD; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; CLADE RECOGNITION; TYPE-1; THAILAND; BANGKOK; INDIVIDUALS; SUBTYPES; ANTIGEN AB We previously observed limited cross-reactive T cell responses in two HIV-1-superinfected injection drug users (IDUs) before superinfection [Ramos A, et al.: J Virol 2002; 76(15): 7444-7452]. To elucidate the role of such responses in superinfection we examined cross-reactive T cell responses in IDUs infected with a single HIV-1 subtype. In this study, IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays were performed using recombinant vaccinia constructs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 43 IDUs singly infected with CRF01_AE or B' from the same cohort as the superinfected IDUs. PBMCs were from time points corresponding to pre- (early) or post- (late) superinfection in the superinfected IDUs. We observed that most singly infected IDUs had cross-reactivity in samples from early (84% of CRF01_AE and 78% of B'-infected IDUs) and late (96% of CRF_01AE and 77% of B'-infected IDUs) time points. Frequent homologous reactivity at early (67% of CRF-01AE and 100% of B') and late (84% of CRF01_AE-infected and 100% of B'-infected IDUs) time points was also observed. Cross-reactive responses were predominantly to Pol and were broader and higher in CRF01_AE than in B'-infected IDUs (medians of 825 vs. 90 and 585 vs. 60 spot-forming units/10(6) PBMCs at early and late time points, respectively). Our results show that cross-reactive responses were more prevalent with greater height and breadth in singly infected IDUs than previously observed in corresponding collection time points of superinfected IDU. Thus, low or absent cross-reactivity may have contributed to the previously observed superinfections. These data are relevant for understanding superinfection and improving vaccine design. C1 [Promadej-Lanier, Nattawan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB & Viral Hepatitis Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Choopanya, Kachit; Vanichseni, Suphak] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Chaowanachan, Thanyanan; Mcnicholl, Janet M.] US CDC Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Promadej-Lanier, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB & Viral Hepatitis Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nlanier@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX We thank the following persons who contributed to this study: Tim Mastro, Jordan Tappero, Michael Martin, and the staff at the TUC HIV Laboratory, Shambavi Subbarao and Arthur Ramos. C. T. was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and CDC). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1089/aid.2008.0169 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 402GZ UT WOS:000263003500009 PM 19182923 ER PT B AU Hungerford, DW AF Hungerford, Daniel W. GP WHO TI SCREENING AND BRIEF INTERVENTION IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS AND TRAUMA CENTERS INTRODUCTION SO ALCOHOL AND INJURIES: EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT STUDIES IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154784-0 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse SC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse GA BOZ63 UT WOS:000278127900014 ER PT B AU Gentilello, LM Schermer, CR Hungerford, DW AF Gentilello, Larry M. Schermer, Carol R. Hungerford, Daniel W. GP WHO TI Alcohol Interventions in Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments: Same Place, Different Services SO ALCOHOL AND INJURIES: EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT STUDIES IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEPENDENCE C1 [Gentilello, Larry M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hlth Sci Ctr, SW Med Sch, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Schermer, Carol R.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Hungerford, Daniel W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gentilello, LM (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Hlth Sci Ctr, SW Med Sch, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154784-0 PY 2009 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse SC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse GA BOZ63 UT WOS:000278127900020 ER PT B AU Hungerford, DW AF Hungerford, Daniel W. GP WHO TI POTENTIAL IMPACT OF SCREENING AND BRIEF INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN EMERGENCY CARE SETTINGS SO ALCOHOL AND INJURIES: EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT STUDIES IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRIEF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTION; TRAUMA PATIENTS; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; RISK DRINKING; TRIAL; DEPENDENCE; COSTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154784-0 PY 2009 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse SC Emergency Medicine; Substance Abuse GA BOZ63 UT WOS:000278127900021 ER PT J AU Hamner, HC Mulinare, J Cogswell, ME Flores, AL Boyle, CA Prue, CE Wang, CY Carriquiry, AL Devine, O AF Hamner, Heather C. Mulinare, Joseph Cogswell, Mary E. Flores, Alina L. Boyle, Coleen A. Prue, Christine E. Wang, Chia-Yih Carriquiry, Alicia L. Devine, Owen TI Predicted contribution of folic acid fortification of corn masa flour to the usual folic acid intake for the US population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; INFANT METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; MATERNAL VITAMIN USE; UNITED-STATES; SPINA-BIFIDA; IRON BIOAVAILABILITY; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; FOLATE INTAKE; RISK AB Background: Folic acid can prevent up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTDs) if taken before pregnancy. Compared with other race-ethnicities, Hispanic women have higher rates of NTDs, lower rates of folic acid supplement use, and lower total folic acid intakes. Objective: The objective was to assess potential effects of fortifying corn masa flour with folic acid on Mexican American women and other segments of the US population. Design: A model was developed by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 to estimate the folic acid content in foods containing corn masa flour if fortified at a level of 140 mu g folic acid/100 g corn masa flour. Results: Had corn masa flour fortification occurred, we estimated that Mexican American women aged 15-44 y could have increased their total usual daily folic acid intake by 19.9% and non-Hispanic white women by 4.2%. Among the US population, estimated relative percentage increases in total usual daily folic acid intake with corn masa flour fortification were greatest among Mexican Americans (16.8%) and lowest among children aged 1-3 y (2%) and adults aged >51 y (0-0.5%). Conclusion: Analyses suggest that corn masa flour fortification would have effectively targeted Mexican Americans, specifically, Mexican American women, without substantially increasing folic acid intake among other segments of the population. Such increases could reduce the disparity in total folic acid intake between Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women of childbearing age and implies that an additional NTD preventive benefit would be observed for Mexican American women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 305-15. C1 [Hamner, Heather C.; Mulinare, Joseph; Cogswell, Mary E.; Flores, Alina L.; Boyle, Coleen A.; Prue, Christine E.; Devine, Owen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wang, Chia-Yih] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Planning Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Carriquiry, Alicia L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Hamner, HC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hhamner@uga.edu NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26331 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 391VM UT WOS:000262262300040 PM 19056605 ER PT J AU Mays, D Usdan, S Arriola, KJ Weitzel, JA Bernhardt, JM AF Mays, Darren Usdan, Stuart Arriola, Kimberly Jacob Weitzel, Jessica Aungst Bernhardt, Jay M. TI Development and Validation of the Retrospective Alcohol Context Scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE LA English DT Article DE Alcohol; alcohol assessment; college students; Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB); universities ID HAND-HELD COMPUTERS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PROBLEM DRINKING; RELIABILITY AB Background: Few validated measures exist to capture the context and consequences of specific drinking events among college students. Objectives: This study sought to describe the development and validation of the Retrospective Alcohol Context Scale (RACS), a 30-day measure of drinking context among college students. Methods: A sample of 169 college students completed daily alcohol assessments for 30 days and completed the RACS at follow-up. Results: The RACS captured fewer negative consequences than daily assessments; however, high agreement was observed on context variables. Conclusion: Results support the validity of the RACS as a measure of drinking context among college students. The RACS may be most useful when information about drinking needs to be collected under limited time and resources. Scientific Significance: Further research is needed to examine the RACS among more diverse, probability samples and over longer time periods. C1 [Mays, Darren; Arriola, Kimberly Jacob] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Usdan, Stuart] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Weitzel, Jessica Aungst] Ciurczak & Co Inc, Evaluat & Dev, Buffalo, NY USA. [Bernhardt, Jay M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mays, D (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE Room 557, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM dmmays@sph.emory.edu OI Bernhardt, Jay/0000-0002-2045-4005 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [5R21AA013969-03] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0095-2990 J9 AM J DRUG ALCOHOL AB JI Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 AR PII 909900848 DI 10.1080/00952990902825439 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 424GQ UT WOS:000264554500011 PM 19322732 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, D Wenck, MA Belflower, A Drociuk, D Ferdinands, J Holguin, F Svendsen, E Bretous, L Jankelevich, S Gibson, JJ Garbe, P Moolenaar, RL AF Van Sickle, David Wenck, Mary Anne Belflower, Amy Drociuk, Dan Ferdinands, Jill Holguin, Fernando Svendsen, Erik Bretous, Lena Jankelevich, Shirley Gibson, James J. Garbe, Paul Moolenaar, Ronald L. TI Acute health effects after exposure to chlorine gas released after a train derailment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEBULIZED SODIUM-BICARBONATE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; INHALATION AB In January 2005, a train derailment on the premises of a textile mill in South Carolina released 42 to 60 tons of chlorine gas in the middle of a small town, Medical records and autopsy reports were reviewed to describe the clinical presentation, hospital course, and pathology observed in persons hospitalized or deceased as a result of chlorine gas exposure. Eight persons died before reaching medical care; of the 71 persons hospitalized for acute health effects as a result of chlorine exposure, 1 died in the hospital, The mean age of the hospitalized persons was 40 years (range, 4 months-76 years); 87% were male. The median duration of hospitalization was 4 clays (range, 1-29 days). Twenty-five (35%) persons were admitted to the intensive care unit; the median length of stay was 3 days. Many surviving victims developed significant pulmonary signs and severe airway inflammation; 41 (58%) hospitalized persons met PO(2)/FIO(2) criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury. During their hospitalization, 40 (57%) developed abnormal x-ray findings, 74% of those within the first day. Hypoxia on room air and PO(2)/FIO(2) ratio predicted severity of outcome as assessed by the duration of hospitalization and the need for intensive care support. This community release of chlorine gas caused widespread exposure and resulted in significant acute health e ffects and substantial health care requirements. Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis provided early indications of outcome severity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Sickle, David; Wenck, Mary Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Van Sickle, David; Ferdinands, Jill; Holguin, Fernando; Garbe, Paul; Moolenaar, Ronald L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wenck, Mary Anne; Belflower, Amy; Drociuk, Dan; Svendsen, Erik; Bretous, Lena; Jankelevich, Shirley; Gibson, James J.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Acute Dis Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Svendsen, Erik] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Holguin, Fernando] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Van Sickle, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn Hlth & Soc Scholar, 610 Walnut St,707 WARF, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM vansickle@wisc.edu RI Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control FX This investigation was funded entirely by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.12.006 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 385NP UT WOS:000261821200001 PM 19041527 ER PT J AU Chang, MH Lindegren, ML Butler, MA Chanock, SJ Dowling, NF Gallagher, M Moonesinghe, R Moore, CA Ned, RM Reichler, MR Sanders, CL Welch, R Yesupriya, A Khoury, MJ AF Chang, Man-huei Lindegren, Mary Lou Butler, Mary A. Chanock, Stephen J. Dowling, Nicole F. Gallagher, Margaret Moonesinghe, Ramal Moore, Cynthia A. Ned, Renee M. Reichler, Mary R. Sanders, Christopher L. Welch, Robert Yesupriya, Ajay Khoury, Muin J. CA CDC NCI NHANES III Genomics Workin TI Prevalence in the United States of Selected Candidate Gene Variants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; BREAST-CANCER; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; HUMAN LONGEVITY; HAPLOTYPE MAP; FTO GENE AB Population-based allele frequencies and genotype prevalence are important for measuring the contribution of genetic variation to human disease susceptibility, progression, and outcomes. Population-based prevalence estimates also provide the basis for epidemiologic studies of gene-disease associations, for estimating population attributable risk, and for informing health policy and clinical and public health practice. However, such prevalence estimates for genotypes important to public health remain undetermined for the major racial and ethnic groups in the US population. DNA was collected from 7,159 participants aged 12 years or older in Phase 2 (1991-1994) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Certain age and minority groups were oversampled in this weighted, population-based US survey. Estimates of allele frequency and genotype prevalence for 90 variants in 50 genes chosen for their potential public health significance were calculated by age, sex, and race/ethnicity among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. These nationally representative data on allele frequency and genotype prevalence provide a valuable resource for future epidemiologic studies in public health in the United States. C1 [Chang, Man-huei; Dowling, Nicole F.; Moonesinghe, Ramal; Ned, Renee M.; Yesupriya, Ajay; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lindegren, Mary Lou; Reichler, Mary R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Butler, Mary A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Chanock, Stephen J.] NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Gallagher, Margaret] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sanders, Christopher L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Welch, Robert] NCI Frederick, Core Genotyping Facil, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Adv Technol Program,SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mdc9@cdc.gov RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. NR 76 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn286 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 390GL UT WOS:000262152200008 PM 18936436 ER PT J AU Li, M Yu, LP Tiberti, C Bonamico, M Taki, I Miao, DM Murray, JA Rewers, MJ Hoffenberg, EJ Agardh, D Mueller, P Stern, M Bonifacio, E Liu, E AF Li, Marcella Yu, Liping Tiberti, Claudio Bonamico, Margherita Taki, Iman Miao, Dongmei Murray, Joseph A. Rewers, Marian J. Hoffenberg, Edward J. Agardh, Daniel Mueller, Patricia Stern, Martin Bonifacio, Ezio Liu, Edwin TI A Report on the International Transglutaminase Autoantibody Workshop for Celiac Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; STANDARD ELISA; ASSAYS; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: Measurement of transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA) is considered to be the most efficient single serologic test for celiac disease (CD) by the American Gastroenterological Association Institute. We hypothesized that a large international collaborative effort toward improving and standardizing TGAA measurement is both feasible and necessary. The primary aim of this workshop is to compare TGAA assays among various research and clinical laboratories and examine assay concordance and improve (and eventually standardize) the TGAA assay. METHODS: A total of 20 laboratories (5 commercial laboratories, 15 research and clinical laboratories) participated that included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radiobinding assays. A total of 150 serum samples were distributed to each laboratory, with each laboratory receiving an equal aliquot that was coded and blinded, composed of 100 healthy control sera and 50 CD sera. RESULTS: Laboratory sensitivity ranged from 69% to 93% and specificity ranged from 96% to 100%. By receiver operator characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (C index) ranged from 0.9488 to 0.9904. When analyzing for linear correlation, r-squared was as high as 0.8882 but as low as 0.4244 for the celiac samples between different laboratories performing ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: This transglutaminase autoantibody workshop allows for larger-scale international participation for the purposes of improving and eventually standardizing the TGAA assay with subsequent workshops. C1 [Li, Marcella; Yu, Liping; Taki, Iman; Miao, Dongmei; Rewers, Marian J.; Hoffenberg, Edward J.; Liu, Edwin] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA. [Tiberti, Claudio; Bonamico, Margherita] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Clin Sci, Policlin Umberto I, Rome, Italy. [Murray, Joseph A.] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rochester, MN USA. [Agardh, Daniel] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Unit Diabet & Celiac Dis, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Mueller, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Risk Assessment Lab, NSMBB, DLS,NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stern, Martin] Univ Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tubingen, Germany. [Bonifacio, Ezio] Diabet Res Inst, Munich, Germany. RP Liu, E (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. EM edwin.liu@uchsc.edu RI Bonifacio, Ezio/E-7700-2010; OI Bonifacio, Ezio/0000-0002-8704-4713; Hoffenberg, Edward/0000-0001-5179-489X; murray, joseph/0000-0003-1941-9090 FU Edwin Liu' s K08 Career Development Award; National Institutes of Health [M01RR00069, DK RO1-DK50979, DK32083, DK32493]; General Clinical Research Center program in the National Center for Research Resources FX the project was funded by Edwin Liu' s K08 Career Development Award. We also acknowledge the following support for their contributions to the center, which is necessary for the entire workshop mechanism to exist: National Institutes of Health grant M01RR00069, General Clinical Research Center program in the National Center for Research Resources, NIH grants DK RO1-DK50979, DK32083, DK32493, Autoimmunity Center of Excellence grant U19AI46374, Diabetes Endocrine Research Center P3057516, Autoimmunity Prevention Center grant 5U19AI50864, and Immune Tolerance Network Autoantibody Core Laboratory. NR 14 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1038/ajg.2008.8 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 391WV UT WOS:000262265800026 PM 19098864 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Carroll, M Prineas, RJ McDowell, MA Louis, T Tilert, T AF Ostchega, Yechiam Carroll, Margaret Prineas, Ronald J. McDowell, Margaret A. Louis, Tatiana Tilert, Tim TI Trends of Elevated Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; US CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG FINNS; CHILDHOOD; ADULTHOOD; AGE; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (EBP) in children and adolescents increases future risk of cardiovascular disease. Among children and adolescents, increased weight is associated with EBP. METHODS National cross-sectional data for children and adolescents aged 8-17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs): 1988-1994, 1999-2002, and 2003-2006. The main outcome measures were EBP and pre-EBP estimates. RESULTS Overweight boys (odds ratio (OR) 1.54, confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.13) and both obese boys and girls were significantly more likely to be classified as pre-EBP (boys, OR 2.81, Cl 2.13-3.71; girls, OR 2.55, Cl 1.75-3.73) and having EBP (boys aged 8-12 years, OR 6.06, Cl 2.73-13.44, boys aged 13-17, OR 9.62 Cl 4.86-19.06; girls, OR 2.33, Cl 1.31-4.13) when compared to the reference weight and controlling for all other covariates. During 2003-2006, 13.6% (s.e. = 1.2) of boys aged 8-17 years and 5.7% (s.e. = 0.7) of the girls aged 8-17 years were classified as pre-EBP and 2.6% (s.e. = 0.5) of the boys aged 8-17 and 3.4% (s.e. = 0.7) of the girls aged 8-17 were having EBP. After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), girls only were significantly more likely to have EBP during 2003-2006 than during 1988-1994 (OR 2.17, Cl 1.05-4.49). In contrast, adolescent boys aged 13-17 years were significantly less likely to be having EBP during 2003-2006 than during 1988-1994 (OR 0.32, Cl 0.13-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is strongly, positively, and independently associated with EBP and pre-EBP among youths. However, controlling for all covariates including BMI, EBP has increased among girls but decreased among adolescent boys aged 13-17, during 2003-2006 when compared with 1988-1994. C1 [Ostchega, Yechiam; Carroll, Margaret; McDowell, Margaret A.; Louis, Tatiana; Tilert, Tim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Prineas, Ronald J.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxol@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1038/ajh.2008.312 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 387GM UT WOS:000261939700014 PM 19039307 ER PT J AU Kim, C Tierney, EF Herman, WH Mangione, CM Narayan, KMV Gerzoff, RB Bilik, D Ettner, SL AF Kim, Catherine Tierney, Edward F. Herman, William H. Mangione, Carol M. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Gerzoff, Robert B. Bilik, Dori Ettner, Susan L. TI Physician Perception of Reimbursement for Outpatient Procedures Among Managed Care Patients With Diabetes Mellitus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; TRANSLATING RESEARCH; PERFORMANCE; PROFITABILITY; STRATEGIES; FEEDBACK; TRIAD; TESTS; PAY AB Objective: To examine the association between physicians' reimbursement perceptions and outpatient test performance among patients with diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Methods: Participants were physicians (n = 766) and their managed care patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 2758) enrolled in 6 plans in 2003. Procedures measured included electrocardiography, radiography or x-ray films, urine microalbumin levels, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and Pap smears for women. Hierarchical logistic regression models were adjusted for health plan and physician-level clustering and for physician and patient covariates. To minimize confounding by unmeasured health plan variables, we adjusted for health plan as a fixed effect. Therefore, we estimated variation between physicians using only the variance within health plans. Results: Patients of physicians who reported reimbursement for electrocardiography were more likely to undergo electrocardiography than patients of physicians who did not perceive reimbursement (unadjusted mean difference, 4.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.1%-8.9%; and adjusted mean difference, 3.9%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2%-7.8%). For the other tests examined, no significant differences in procedure performance were found between patients of physicians who perceived reimbursement and patients of physicians who did not perceive reimbursement. Conclusions: Reimbursement perception was associated with electrocardiography but not with other commonly performed outpatient procedures. Future research should investigate how associations change with perceived amount of reimbursement and their interactions with other influences on test-ordering behavior such as perceived appropriateness. C1 [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Herman, William H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tierney, Edward F.; Gerzoff, Robert B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mangione, Carol M.; Ettner, Susan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, 300 N Ingalls Bldg,Rm 7C13, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U58/CCU523525-03]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [K23DK071552, 5P60 DK20572]; University of California at Los Angeles Center for Health Improvement in Minority Elders/Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research [AG-02-004] FX TRIAD was supported by grant U58/CCU523525-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This study was jointly funded by Program Announcement: 04005 from the CDC (Division of Diabetes Translation) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Dr Kim was supported by grant K23DK071552 from the NIDDK. This research utilized the Biostatistics and Measurement Cores of the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Program funded by grant NIH 5P60 DK20572 from the NIDDK. Dr Mangione was partially supported by grant AG-02-004 from the University of California at Los Angeles Center for Health Improvement in Minority Elders/Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANAGED CARE & HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATIONS LLC PI PLAINSBORO PA 666 PLAINSBORO RD, STE 300, PLAINSBORO, NJ 08536 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 400HA UT WOS:000262857400003 PM 19146362 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Hibert, EN Grajewski, B Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, JW AF Lawson, Christina C. Whelan, Elizabeth A. Hibert, Eileen N. Grajewski, Barbara Spiegelman, Donna Rich-Edwards, Janet W. TI Occupational factors and risk of preterm birth in nurses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE nurses; occupational exposure; pregnancy; preterm birth; work schedule tolerance ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; WORKING-CONDITIONS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OXIDE EXPOSURE; MATERNAL WORK; FETAL-GROWTH; HEALTH-CARE; SHIFT WORK AB OBJECTIVE: We evaluated first-trimester exposures and the risk of preterm birth in the most recent pregnancy of participants of the Nurses' Health Study II. STUDY DESIGN: Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) for preterm birth in relation to occupational risk factors, such as work schedule, physical factors, and exposures to chemicals and x-rays, adjusted for age and parity. RESULTS: Part-time work (<= 20 hours a week) was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth [RR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60.9]. Working nights was associated only with early preterm birth (< 32 weeks of gestation) (RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.2). Although based on only 11 exposed preterm cases, self-reported exposure to sterilizing agents was associated with an increased risk (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that night work may be related to early but not late preterm birth, whereas physically demanding work did not strongly predict risk. C1 [Lawson, Christina C.; Whelan, Elizabeth A.; Grajewski, Barbara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Hibert, Eileen N.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hibert, Eileen N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Spiegelman, Donna; Rich-Edwards, Janet W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rich-Edwards, Janet W.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Connors Ctr Womens Hlth & Gender Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rich-Edwards, Janet W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. RP Lawson, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM clawson@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA050385]; PHS HHS [200-2001-08007] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 AR 51.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.006 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 393VB UT WOS:000262400600011 PM 18976732 ER PT J AU Allen, AM Prince, CB Dietz, PM AF Allen, Alicia M. Prince, Cheryl B. Dietz, Patricia M. TI Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Relapse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; DISORDERS; CESSATION; QUESTIONS; SMOKERS; RISK AB Background: Smokers with depressive symptoms are more likely to relapse after attempting to quit than those without depressive symptoms. Little is known about the relationship between depressive symptoms and relapse during the postpartum period; thus the aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between postpartum smoking relapse and depressive symptoms. Methods: Analysis of 2004 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from women in 16 states who reported smoking 3 months before pregnancy and reported abstinence from smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy (n=2566). For women experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms, chi-square tests were computed for homogeneity of distribution between two groups (sustained abstinence versus relapsed) and an OR for relapsing during the postpartum period. Potential confounders, including demographic characteristics, intensity of smoking before pregnancy, and time since delivery, were computed. Results: Compared to women who did not experience postpartum depressive symptoms, women who did were 1.86 (95% CI=1.31, 2.65) times as likely to relapse during the postpartum period. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, intensity of smoking, and time since delivery, the association decreased slightly (adjusted OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.21, 2.59). Conclusions: Women who quit smoking during pregnancy may be more likely to relapse if they experience depressive symptoms. Further research is needed into the screening and treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms as a possible method for preventing postpartum smoking relapse. C1 [Allen, Alicia M.] Univ Minnesota, Tobacco Use Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Prince, Cheryl B.; Dietz, Patricia M.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allen, AM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Tobacco Use Res Ctr, 2701 Univ Ave SE,Suite 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM alle0299@umn.edu NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.020 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 389KC UT WOS:000262090300002 PM 19095161 ER PT J AU Sonnenfeld, N Schappert, SM Lin, SX AF Sonnenfeld, Nancy Schappert, Susan M. Lin, Susan X. TI Racial and Ethnic Differences in Delivery of Tobacco-Cessation Services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARE SURVEY NAMCS; HEALTH-CARE; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; SMOKING STATUS; UNITED-STATES; VITAL SIGN; PHYSICIANS; INTERVENTION; ADVICE AB Background: Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in health care is an important national goal. Racial and ethnic differences in the delivery of tobacco-cessation services were examined in the course of visits to primary care physicians. Methods: In 2007, data about tobacco screening were analyzed from 29,470 visits by adult patients to 2153 physicians in the 2001-2005 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a cross-sectional survey. Counseling was examined for visits by patients with known current tobacco use. Logistic regression models included age, gender, visit diagnoses, expected payment source, and past-year visits to the provider. Results: The respective percentages of visits with tobacco screening and counseling were 79.2% and 28.8% for non-Hispanic white patients, 79.3% and 29.2% for non-Hispanic black patients, 80.2% and 30.6% for non-Hispanic Asian patients, and 68.2% and 21.4% for Hispanic patients. In multivariable models, the adjusted difference between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in the percentage of visits with screening was -7.9 (95% CI=-15.5, -0.3) and of visits with counseling was -7.6 (95% CI=-15.2, 0.0). Conclusions: Tobacco screening and counseling were less common at visits made by Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. Traditional barriers to care among Hispanic patients, Such as lack of insurance and more new-patient visits, did not explain the observed differences. C1 [Sonnenfeld, Nancy; Schappert, Susan M.] CDC, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Lin, Susan X.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Family & Community Med, New York, NY USA. RP Sonnenfeld, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM nsonnenfeld@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 389KC UT WOS:000262090300004 PM 18977111 ER PT J AU Moulton, AD Mercer, SL Popovic, T Briss, PA Goodman, RA Thombley, ML Hahn, RA Fox, DM AF Moulton, Anthony D. Mercer, Shawna L. Popovic, Tanja Briss, Peter A. Goodman, Richard A. Thombley, Melisa L. Hahn, Robert A. Fox, Daniel M. TI The Scientific Basis for Law as a Public Health Tool SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLICIES; ADULT C1 [Moulton, Anthony D.; Goodman, Richard A.; Thombley, Melisa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mercer, Shawna L.; Hahn, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guide Community Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Briss, Peter A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fox, Daniel M.] Milbank Mem Fund, New York, NY USA. RP Moulton, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, MS D-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tmoulton@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.130278 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 391OA UT WOS:000262241400006 PM 19008510 ER PT J AU Simoes, EJ Hallal, P Pratt, M Ramos, L Munk, M Damascena, W Perez, DP Hoehner, CM Gilbertz, D Malta, DC Brownson, RC AF Simoes, Eduardo J. Hallal, Pedro Pratt, Michael Ramos, Luiz Munk, Marcia Damascena, Wilson Perez, Diana Parra Hoehner, Christine M. Gilbertz, David Malta, Deborah Carvalho Brownson, Ross C. TI Effects of a Community-Based, Professionally Supervised Intervention on Physical Activity Levels Among Residents of Recife, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; OF-SPORTS-MEDICINE; CHRONIC DISEASES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; RELIABILITY; RECOMMENDATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; INCOME AB Objectives. We evaluated the effects of a community-based intervention, the Academia da Cidade program (ACP), on increasing leisure-time physical activity among residents of Recife, Brazil. Methods. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity and transport physical activity (i.e., activities involved in traveling from place to place) levels in a random sample of 2047 Recife residents surveyed in 2007. We also examined factors related to exposure to ACP (participation in the intervention, residing near an intervention site, hearing about or seeing intervention activities). We estimated prevalence odds ratios (ORs) of moderate to high leisure-time and transport physical activity levels via intervention exposures adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and environmental variables. Results. Prevalence ORs for moderate to high levels of leisure-time physical activity were higher among former (prevalence OR=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0, 3.9) and current (prevalence OR=11.3; 95% CI=3.5, 35.9) intervention participants and those who had heard about or seen an intervention activity (prevalence 013=1.8; 95% CI=1.3, 2.5). Transport physical activity levels were inversely associated with residing near an ACP site. Conclusions. The ACP program appears to be an effective public health strategy to increase population-level physical activity in urban developing settings. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:68-75. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.141978) C1 [Simoes, Eduardo J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hallal, Pedro] Univ Fed Pelotas, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil. [Pratt, Michael] CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pratt, Michael] CDC, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Phys Activ & Hlt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ramos, Luiz; Munk, Marcia] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Damascena, Wilson] Recife Secretariat Hlth, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Perez, Diana Parra; Hoehner, Christine M.; Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Gilbertz, David] CDC, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Malta, Deborah Carvalho] Minist Hlth Brazil, Secretariat Hlth Surveillance, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Simoes, EJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM esimoes@cdc.gov RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas /D-4561-2013; Hallal, Pedro/A-3249-2011; Parra, Diana/B-7761-2015; OI Hallal, Pedro/0000-0003-1470-6461; Parra, Diana/0000-0002-9797-6231; Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Prevention Research Centers Program [U48/DP000060-02] FX This research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Prevention Research Centers Program (grant U48/DP000060-02). NR 48 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.141978 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 391OA UT WOS:000262241400013 PM 19008499 ER PT J AU Bond, L Wheeler, DP Millett, GA LaPollo, AB Carson, LF Liau, A AF Bond, Lisa Wheeler, Darrell P. Millett, Gregorio A. LaPollo, Archana Bodas Carson, Lee F. Liau, Adrian TI Black Men Who Have Sex With Men and the Association of Down-Low Identity With HIV Risk Behavior SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Black men "on the down low" have been considered prime agents of HIV transmission in the Black community despite little empirical evidence. We assessed the relationship between down-low identification and sexual risk outcomes among 1151 Black MSM. Down-low Identification was not associated with unprotected anal or vaginal sex with male or female partners. Future HIV prevention programs and research should target sexual risk behaviors of Black men, irrespective of identity, and not focus on the "down low." (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:S92-S95. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127217) C1 [Bond, Lisa; LaPollo, Archana Bodas; Carson, Lee F.] Publ Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Wheeler, Darrell P.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Millett, Gregorio A.; Liau, Adrian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bond, L (reprint author), Publ Hlth Management Corp, 260 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM lisab@phmc.org FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The Brothers y Hermanos study was funded through a cooperative agreement from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2009 VL 99 BP S92 EP S95 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127217 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RB UT WOS:000264512300019 PM 19218177 ER PT J AU Dolcini, MM Remick, OAG Marin, BV AF Dolcini, M. Margaret Remick, Olga A. Grinstead Marin, Barbara V. TI Investments in the Future of Behavioral Science: The University of California, San Francisco, Visiting Professors Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; MEN AB A need exists for the promotion of diversity in the scientific workforce to better address health disparities. In response to this need, funding agencies and institutions have developed programs to encourage ethnic-minority and early-career scientists to pursue research careers. We describe one such program, the University of California, San Francisco, Visiting Professors Program, which trains scientists to conduct HIV/AIDS-related research in communities of color. The program provides training and mentoring in navigating grant processes and developing strong research proposals and provides crucial networking opportunities. Although this program is focused on community-based HIV prevention, its principles and methods are widely applicable. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:S43-S47. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.121301) C1 [Dolcini, M. Margaret] Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Remick, Olga A. Grinstead] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. [Marin, Barbara V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dolcini, MM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, 304 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM peggy.dolcini@oregonstate.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [MH42459, MH067127, MH067127-03S1]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD045810] FX Support for the Collaborative HIV Prevention Research in Minority Communities Program has been provided by the National Institute of Mental Health (grants MH42459, MH067127, and MH067127-03S1) and die National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant HD045810). The program has also been supported by an Interagency Personnel Agreement between Barbara V. Marin and the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2009 VL 99 BP S43 EP S47 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.121301 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RB UT WOS:000264512300009 PM 19246677 ER PT J AU Kahle, EM Barash, EA Page, LC Lansky, A Jafa, K Sullivan, PS Buskin, SE AF Kahle, Erin M. Barash, Elizabeth A. Page, Libby C. Lansky, Amy Jafa, Krishna Sullivan, Patrick S. Buskin, Susan E. TI Evaluation of the Impact of News Coverage of an HIV Multiclass Drug-Resistant Cluster in Seattle, Washington SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; RAPID PROGRESSION; PRESS RELEASES; MEDIA; AIDS AB Objectives. In February 2007, Public Health-Seattle and King County issued a press release describing a cluster of multiclass drug-resistant HIV cases among men who had sex with men MSM We evaluated the effect of the press release among MSM in the Seattle area. Methods. We administered a rapid assessment survey at venues where MSM congregate. Eligible participants were men who had sex with men in the past year, were older than 18 years, and were residents of western Washington State. Results. Among 325 participants, 57% heard or saw messages related to the press release. Of these, 87% remembered 1 or more key points, but only 5% remembered key prevention messages. Ninety-eight percent of participants thought it was important for the health department to get the message out about drug-resistant HIV. Conclusions. The press release was found to be a useful and well-received method to inform the public about an HIV drug-resistant cluster. Low retention and nonprominent coverage of key prevention messages suggests that health departments using press releases as a prevention tool need to carefully consider placement and emphasis of those messages in a press statement. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:S131-S136. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.126656) C1 [Lansky, Amy; Jafa, Krishna; Sullivan, Patrick S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahle, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Int Clin Res Ctr, 901 Boren Ave,Suite 1300, Seattle, WA 98012 USA. EM ekahle@u.washington.edu RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2009 VL 99 SU 1 BP S131 EP S136 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.126656 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RB UT WOS:000264512300025 PM 19218180 ER PT J AU Thiede, H Jenkins, RA Carey, JW Hutcheson, R Thomas, KK Stall, RD White, E Allen, I Mejia, R Golden, MR AF Thiede, Hanne Jenkins, Richard A. Carey, James W. Hutcheson, Rebecca Thomas, Katherine K. Stall, Ronald D. White, Edward Allen, Iris Mejia, Roberto Golden, Matthew R. TI Determinants of Recent HIV Infection Among Seattle-Area Men Who Have Sex with Men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INJECTION-DRUG-USERS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SENSITIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; METHAMPHETAMINE DEPENDENCE AB Objectives. We sought to identify HIV-infection risk factors related to partner selection and sexual behaviors with those partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) in King County, Washington. Methods. Participants were recruited from HIV testing sites in the Seattle area. Recent HIV infection status was determined by the Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) or a self-reported previous HIV-negative test. Data on behaviors with 3 male partners were collected via computer-based self-interviews. Generalized estimating equation models identified partnership factors associated with recent infection. Results. We analyzed data from 32 HIV-positive MSM (58 partners) and 110 HIV-negative MSM (213 partners). In multivariate analysis, recent HIV infection was associated with meeting partners at bathhouses or sex clubs, bars or dance clubs, or online; methamphetamine use during unprotected anal intercourse; and unprotected anal intercourse, except with HIV-negative primary partners. Conclusions. There is a need to improve efforts to promote condom use with casual partners, regardless of their partner's HIV status. New strategies to control methamphetamine use in MSM and to reduce risk behaviors related to meeting partners at high-risk venues are needed. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99: S157-S164. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.098582) C1 [Thiede, Hanne; Hutcheson, Rebecca; Golden, Matthew R.] Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Jenkins, Richard A.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD USA. [Carey, James W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thomas, Katherine K.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Stall, Ronald D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [White, Edward] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Allen, Iris] Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thiede, H (reprint author), Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, 400 Yesler Way,3rd Floor, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM hanne.thiede@kingcounty.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U64/CCU019523] FX We would like to thank the Public Health-Seattle & King County Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS Program chores, jet St. De Lore, Jason Naki, Kim Houk, and Richard Burt for their contributions to this Study, as well as, Erin Picone-DeCaro, Duane Moody. Jamar Barnes, and Karen Andes at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2009 VL 99 BP S157 EP S164 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.098582 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RB UT WOS:000264512300029 PM 18445808 ER PT J AU Wilson, TE Hogben, M Malka, ES Liddon, N McCormack, WM Rubin, SR Augenbraun, MA AF Wilson, Tracey E. Hogben, Matthew Malka, Edmond S. Liddon, Nicole McCormack, William M. Rubin, Steve R. Augenbraun, Michael A. TI A Randomized Controlled Trial for Reducing Risks for Sexually Transmitted Infections Through Enhanced Patient-Based Partner Notification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; URINE SPECIMENS; SELF-REPORTS; DISEASES; HEALTH; TRACHOMATIS; SYSTEM; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We sought to assess the effectiveness of approaches targeting improved sexually transmitted infection (STI) sexual partner notification through patient referral. Methods. From January 2002 through December 2004, 600 patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis were recruited from STI clinics and randomly assigned to either a standard-of-care group or a group that was counseled at the time of diagnosis and given additional follow-up contact. Participants completed an interview at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months and were checked at 6 months for gonorrhea or chlamyclial infection via nucleic acid amplification testing of urine. Results. Program participants were more likely to report sexual partner notification at 1 month (86% control, 92% intervention; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02, 3.0) and were more likely to report no unprotected sexual intercourse at 6 months (38% control, 48% intervention; AOR=1.5; 95% CI=11.1, 2.1). Gonorrhea or chlamyclial infection was detected in 6% of intervention and 11% of control participants at follow-up (AOR=2.2; 95% CI=1.1, 4.1), with greatest benefits seen among men (for gender interaction, P=.03). Conclusions. This patient-based sexual partner notification program can help reduce risks for subsequent STIs among urban, minority patients presenting for care at STI clinics. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:S104-S110. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.112128) C1 [Wilson, Tracey E.; Malka, Edmond S.; Liddon, Nicole; McCormack, William M.; Augenbraun, Michael A.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Rubin, Steve R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, TE (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, 450 Clarkson Ave,Box 1240, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM tracey.wilson@downstate.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R30 CCR219136] FX This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant R30 CCR219136). NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2009 VL 99 BP S104 EP S110 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.112128 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RB UT WOS:000264512300021 PM 18556619 ER PT J AU Baharav, A Decker, MJ Eyal, S Fuxman, Y Cahan, C Reeves, WC AF Baharav, A. Decker, M. J. Eyal, S. Fuxman, Y. Cahan, C. Reeves, W. C. TI Validation of a Novel Sleep Diagnostic System Based on ECG and Oxygen Saturation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baharav, A.; Cahan, C.] Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Decker, M. J.; Reeves, W. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baharav, A.; Eyal, S.; Fuxman, Y.] HypnoCore LTD, Yehud, Israel. EM abaharav@hypnocore.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A2134 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101253 ER PT J AU Belknap, R Feske, M Choung, G Weinfurter, P Wall, K Graviss, E AF Belknap, R. Feske, M. Choung, G. Weinfurter, P. Wall, K. Graviss, E. CA TB Epidemiologic Studies Co TI Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Health Care Workers: Impact of a Recent Tuberculin Skin Test on the Interferon-gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Belknap, R.; Wall, K.] Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Choung, G.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Weinfurter, P.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM robert.belknap@dhha.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1011 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100012 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH AF Brown, D. W. Croft, J. B. Greenlund, K. J. Giles, W. H. TI Trends in Hospitalization with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - United States, 1990-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, D. W.; Croft, J. B.; Greenlund, K. J.; Giles, W. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4535 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103888 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Pleasants, R Ohar, JA Kraft, M Donohue, JF Mannino, DM Liao, W Herrick, H AF Brown, D. W. Pleasants, R. Ohar, J. A. Kraft, M. Donohue, J. F. Mannino, D. M. Liao, W. Herrick, H. TI Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, D. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pleasants, R.; Kraft, M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Ohar, J. A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Donohue, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mannino, D. M.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY USA. [Liao, W.] North Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Asthma Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Herrick, H.] North Carolina Div Publ Hlth, State Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4075 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103428 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, SG Kammerer, JS Cowan, LS Navin, TR Moonan, PK AF Chatterjee, S. G. Kammerer, J. S. Cowan, L. S. Navin, T. R. Moonan, P. K. TI Molecular Epidemiology of the Beijing Genotype Family in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chatterjee, S. G.; Kammerer, J. S.; Cowan, L. S.; Navin, T. R.; Moonan, P. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM SChatterjee@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A2198 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101317 ER PT J AU Crocker, DD Hopkins, D Kinyota, S Dumitru, G Ligon, C Herman, E Ferdinands, J AF Crocker, D. D. Hopkins, D. Kinyota, S. Dumitru, G. Ligon, C. Herman, E. Ferdinands, J. TI A Systematic Review of Home-Based Multi-Trigger Multi-Component Environmental Interventions to Reduce Asthma Morbidity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crocker, D. D.; Hopkins, D.; Kinyota, S.; Dumitru, G.; Ligon, C.; Herman, E.; Ferdinands, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dvj4@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1635 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100635 ER PT J AU Dharmadhikari, AS Basaraba, R Palanisamy, G Venter, K Mphahlele, M Jensen, P First, M Parsons, S Weyer, K Nardell, EA AF Dharmadhikari, A. S. Basaraba, R. Palanisamy, G. Venter, K. Mphahlele, M. Jensen, P. First, M. Parsons, S. Weyer, K. Nardell, E. A. TI Limited Tuberculosis Progression in Guinea Pigs Naturally Exposed to Human Multidrug Resistant Strains. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dharmadhikari, A. S.; Nardell, E. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Basaraba, R.; Palanisamy, G.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Venter, K.; Mphahlele, M.; Weyer, K.] Med Res Council South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. [Jensen, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [First, M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Parsons, S.] Ctr Sci & Ind Res, Pretoria, South Africa. EM adharmadhikari@partners.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5290 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733104754 ER PT J AU Dorman, S Belknap, R Weinfurter, P Teeter, L Thomas, J Daley, C AF Dorman, S. Belknap, R. Weinfurter, P. Teeter, L. Thomas, J. Daley, C. CA TBESC Task Order 18 TI Evaluation of New Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in US Health Care Workers: Baseline Testing Results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Belknap, R.] Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Weinfurter, P.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thomas, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dsusan1@jhmi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1010 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100011 ER PT J AU Iqbal, S Holguin, F Ribeiro, IC Yip, FY AF Iqbal, S. Holguin, F. Ribeiro, I. C. Yip, F. Y. TI Physical Activity and Asthma: The Role of Body Mass Index SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Iqbal, S.; Holguin, F.; Ribeiro, I. C.; Yip, F. Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM siqbal@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5515 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105106 ER PT J AU Kawamura, LM Ho, CS Banouvong, H Grinsdale, J AF Kawamura, L. M. Ho, C. S. Banouvong, H. Grinsdale, J. TI Program Outcomes of Contact Investigation Using QuantiFERON (R)-TB Gold in San Francisco (SF) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kawamura, L. M.; Banouvong, H.; Grinsdale, J.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ho, C. S.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM masae.kawamura@sfdph.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1015 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100016 ER PT J AU Larson, TC Lewin, M Kapil, V Gottschall, EB Rose, CS Antao, VC AF Larson, T. C. Lewin, M. Kapil, V. Gottschall, E. B. Rose, C. S. Antao, V. C. TI Radiographic Abnormalities and Spirometry Results in a Cohort Exposed to Libby Amphibole. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kapil, V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Omaha, NE USA. EM thl3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5894 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105485 ER PT J AU Ligon, CB Rudd, RA Callahan, DB AF Ligon, C. B. Rudd, R. A. Callahan, D. B. TI Characterizing Racial Differences in Sarcoidosis Mortality - United States, 1991-2005: Results from Multiple-Cause Mortality Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ligon, C. B.] CDC Experience, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rudd, R. A.; Callahan, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cligon81@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3188 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102423 ER PT J AU Miramontes, R Haddad, M Mitruka, K Chatterjee, S Kammerer, S Navin, T Moonan, P AF Miramontes, R. Haddad, M. Mitruka, K. Chatterjee, S. Kammerer, S. Navin, T. Moonan, P. TI Use of National Tuberculosis Genotype Service in Surveillance for Ongoing Transmission after Known Tuberculosis Outbreaks - United States, 2002-2006. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miramontes, R.; Haddad, M.; Mitruka, K.; Chatterjee, S.; Kammerer, S.; Navin, T.; Moonan, P.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmiramontes@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5274 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733104738 ER PT J AU Moore, M Kozik, C Tracy, M Moser, K AF Moore, M. Kozik, C. Tracy, M. Moser, K. TI Immigrants and Refugees with Tuberculosis Notifications, San Diego County, 2003-2008. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, M.; Kozik, C.; Tracy, M.; Moser, K.] Cty San Diego TB Control, San Diego, CA USA. [Moore, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5285 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733104749 ER PT J AU Moore, M Kozik, C Tracy, M Moser, K AF Moore, M. Kozik, C. Tracy, M. Moser, K. TI Immigrant and Refugee Children with Tuberculosis Infection Notifications, San Diego County, 2007-2008. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, M.; Kozik, C.; Tracy, M.; Moser, K.] Cty San Diego TB Control, San Diego, CA USA. [Moore, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4104 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103457 ER PT J AU Morrison, T Callahan, D Moorman, J Bailey, C AF Morrison, T. Callahan, D. Moorman, J. Bailey, C. TI A National Survey of Adult Asthma Prevalence by Urban-Rural Residence - United States, 2006. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morrison, T.; Callahan, D.; Moorman, J.; Bailey, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM TAMorrison@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4752 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733104216 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Adetona, O Hall, DB Dunn, KH Stock, A MacIntosh, D Achtemeier, GL AF Naeher, L. P. Adetona, O. Hall, D. B. Dunn, K. H. Stock, A. MacIntosh, D. Achtemeier, G. L. TI Forest Firefighter PM2.5 Exposure during Prescribed Forest Burns in the Southeastern United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naeher, L. P.; Adetona, O.; Hall, D. B.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dunn, K. H.; Stock, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [MacIntosh, D.] Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Newton, MA USA. [Achtemeier, G. L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3663 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103016 ER PT J AU Pleasants, R Donohue, J Liao, W Brown, D Herrick, H Ohar, J AF Pleasants, R. Donohue, J. Liao, W. Brown, D. Herrick, H. Ohar, J. TI A Survey of the Prevalence and Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in North Carolina (NC) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pleasants, R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Donohue, J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Liao, W.; Herrick, H.] NC Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Brown, D.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ohar, J.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM roy.pleasants@duke.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4528 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103881 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR Yuan, Y Cronin, W Chavez-Lindell, T Tapia, J Hirsch-Moverman, Y McAuley, J AF Reichler, M. R. Yuan, Y. Cronin, W. Chavez-Lindell, T. Tapia, J. Hirsch-Moverman, Y. McAuley, J. TI Characteristics of Tuberculosis (TB) Patients Associated with Increased Risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Contacts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reichler, M. R.; Yuan, Y.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrr3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5276 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733104740 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR Tapia, J Chavez-Lindell, T McAuley, J Thomas, J Yuan, Y Mangura, B AF Reichler, M. R. Tapia, J. Chavez-Lindell, T. McAuley, J. Thomas, J. Yuan, Y. Mangura, B. TI Results of a Prospective Evaluation of Tuberculosis (TB) Contact Investigations Conducted in the United States and Canada SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reichler, M. R.; Yuan, Y.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrr3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A2202 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101321 ER PT J AU Walter, ND Taylor, TH Shay, DK Thompson, WW Brammer, L Dowell, SF Moore, MR AF Walter, N. D. Taylor, T. H. Shay, D. K. Thompson, W. W. Brammer, L. Dowell, S. F. Moore, M. R. TI Influenza Circulation and the Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a Non-Pandemic Period in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walter, N. D.; Taylor, T. H.; Shay, D. K.; Thompson, W. W.; Brammer, L.; Dowell, S. F.; Moore, M. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM nicholas.walter@uchsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1721 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100721 ER PT J AU Adjemian, JZ Krebs, J Mandel, E McQuiston, J AF Adjemian, Jennifer Zipser Krebs, John Mandel, Eric McQuiston, Jennifer TI Spatial Clustering by Disease Severity among Reported Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Cases in the United States, 2001-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; NORTH-CAROLINA; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; IXODIDAE; REGIONS; ACARI; TICK AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) occurs throughout, much of the United States, ranging in clinical severity from moderate to fatal infection. Yet, little is known about possible differences among severity levels across geographic locations. To identify significant spatial clusters of severe and non-severe disease. RMSF casks reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were geocoded by county and classified by severity level. The statistical software program SaTScan was used to detect significant spatial clusters. Of 4,533 RMSF cases reported, 1,089 hospitalizations ( 168 with complications) and 23 deaths occurred. Significant clusters of 6 deaths (P = 0.05, RR = 11.4) and 19 hospitalizations with complications (P = 0.02 RR = 3.45) were detected in southwestern Tennessee. Two geographic areas were identified in north-central North Carolina with unusually low rates of severity (P = 0.001, RR = 0.62 and P = 0.001. RR = 0.45, respectively). Of all hospitalizations. 20% were clustered in central Oklahoma (P = 0.02, RR = 1.43). Significant geographic differences in severity were observed. suggesting that biologic and/or anthropogenic factors may be impacting RMSF epidemiology in the United States. C1 [Adjemian, Jennifer Zipser] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. RP Adjemian, JZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G44, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM gdn5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 393RY UT WOS:000262391700016 PM 19141843 ER PT J AU Farfan-Ale, JA Lorono-Pino, MA Garcia-Rejon, JE Hovav, E Powers, AM Lin, M Dorman, KS Platt, KB Bartholomay, LC Soto, V Beaty, BJ Lanciotti, RS Blitvich, BJ AF Farfan-Ale, Jose A. Lorono-Pino, Maria A. Garcia-Rejon, Julian E. Hovav, Einat Powers, Ann M. Lin, Ming Dorman, Karin S. Platt, Kenneth B. Bartholomay, Lyric C. Soto, Victor Beaty, Barry J. Lanciotti, Robert S. Blitvich, Bradley J. TI Detection of RNA from a Novel West Nile-like Virus and High Prevalence of an Insect-specific Flavivirus in Mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FUSING AGENT VIRUS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DENGUE-VIRUS; PUERTO-RICO; INFECTION; HORSES; PHYLOGENY AB As part of our ongoing surveillance efforts for West Nile virus (WNV) ill the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. 96.687 mosquitoes collected from January through December 2007 were assayed by virus isolation in mammalian cells. Three mosquito pools caused cytopathic effect. Two isolates were orthobunyaviruses (Cache Valley virus and Kairi virus) and the identity of the third infectious agent was not determined. A subset of mosquitoes was also tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using WNV-,flavivirus-, alphavirus-, and orthobunyavirus-specific primers. A total of 7,009 Cidex quinquefasciatus in 210 pools were analyzed. Flavivirus RNA Was detected in 146 (70%) pools. and all PCR products Were sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of one PCR product was most closely related (71-73% identity) with homologous regions of several other flaviviruses. including WNV, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and Ilheus virus. These data suggest that a novel flavivirus (tentatively named T'Ho virus) is present in Mexico. The other 145 PCR products correspond to Culex flavivirus, an insect-specific flavivirus first isolated in Japan in 2003. Culex flavivirus Was isolated in mosquito cells from approximately one in four homogenates tested. The genomic sequence of one isolate was determined. Surprisingly, heterogeneous sequences were identified at the distal end of the 5' untranslated region. C1 [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bartholomay, Lyric C.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Farfan-Ale, Jose A.; Lorono-Pino, Maria A.; Garcia-Rejon, Julian E.] Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Lab Arbovirol, Ctr Invest Reg, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico. [Powers, Ann M.; Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Beaty, Barry J.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Blitvich, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, 2116 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jafarfan@uady.mx; maria.lorono@gmail.com; grejon@tunku.uady.mx; ehovav@iastate.edu; APowers@cdc.gov; minglin@iastate.edu; kdorman@iastate.edu; kbplatt@iastate.edu; lyricb@iastate.edu; vsoto@iastate.edu; bbeaty@colosate.edu; rsl2@cdc.gov; blitvich@iastate.edu RI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/E-4285-2017; OI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/0000-0002-6681-1581; Dorman, Karin/0000-0003-3650-0018 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI067281, R21 AI067281-02, 5R21AI067281-02] NR 54 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 393RY UT WOS:000262391700018 PM 19141845 ER PT J AU Perrault, SD Hajek, J Zhong, K Owino, SO Sichangi, M Smith, G Shi, YP Moore, JM Kain, KC AF Perrault, Steven D. Hajek, Jan Zhong, Kathleen Owino, Simon O. Sichangi, Moses Smith, Geoffrey Shi, Ya Ping Moore, Julie M. Kain, Kevin C. TI Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection Increases Placental Parasite Density and Transplacental Malaria Transmission in Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; UMBILICAL CORD-BLOOD; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; HIV TRANSMISSION AB Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 adversely interact in the context of pregnancy. however little is known regarding the influence of co-infection oil the risk of congenital malaria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of placental and congenital malaria and impact of HIV co-infection oil transplacental malaria transmission in 157 parturient women and their infants by microscopy and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in western Kenya. The prevalence of Placental and cord blood infections were 17.2%, an 0% by microscopy, and 33.1% and 10.8% by PCR. HIV co-infection w as associated with a significant increase in placental parasite density (P < 0.05). Cord blood malaria prevalence was increased in co-infected women (odds ratio [OR] = 5.42: 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90-15.47) and correlated with placental parasite density (OR = 2.57: 95% CI = 1.80-3.67). A 1-log increase in placental monocyte count was associated with increased risk of congenital infection (P = 0.001) (OR 48.15: 95% CI = 4.59-505.50). The HIV co-infected women have a significantly increased burden of placental malaria that increases the risk of congenital infection. C1 [Kain, Kevin C.] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto Gen Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr Mol Med, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr Global Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. Univ Georgia, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Med Res Inst,Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kain, KC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto Gen Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Eaton N 13-214,200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. EM kevin.kain@uhn.on.ca RI Perrault, Steven/A-9457-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050240, R01 AI050240-02, R01 AI050240-05, R01 AI050240-03, R01 AI050240-01, R01 AI050240-04, R01AI050240] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 393RY UT WOS:000262391700022 PM 19141849 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Jeffery, GM Williams, A Galland, GG Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Jeffery, Geoffrey M. Williams, Allison Galland, G. Gale Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Barnwell, John W. TI The Chesson Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Humans and Different Species of Aotus Monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CYCLOGUANIL PAMOATE CI-501; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; FALCIPARUM MALARIA; NORMAL VOLUNTEERS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; SIMIAN MALARIA; P-VIVAX; INFECTIONS; CHLOROQUINE AB Comparison was made between the parasitemia of Chesson strain Plasmodium vivax in humans and in splenectoinized Aotus lemurinus griseimembru, A. nancymaae, A. vociferans, and A. azarae, boliviensis monkeys. In the monkeys, 56.3% of the animals had maximum counts > 25,000/mu L and in humans 59.6% were above this peak parasitemia. In humans, it took an average of 9.3 days to reach the maximum parasite count. In monkeys with no previous infections, it took an average of 18.9 days to reach the maximum parasite count; for those with previous infections, it took an average of 15 days. Human and nonhuman primate data on this parasite suggest that splenectomized Aotus monkeys, particularly A. lemurinus griseimembra, and to a somewhat lesser extent A. vociferans, can mimic the Course of Chesson malaria in humans regarding parasitemia and mosquito infection. C1 [Collins, William E.; Sullivan, Joann S.; Nace, Douglas; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Galland, G. Gale] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Allison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Tyrone] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, US PHS, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 393RY UT WOS:000262391700027 PM 19141854 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Warren, McWilson Sullivan, Joann S. Barnwell, John W. TI Plasmodium inui shortii: Studies in Old World and New World Monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE; EXOERYTHROCYTIC STAGES; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; QUARTAN MALARIA; MACACA-MULATTA; SIMIAN MALARIA; RHESUS-MONKEY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; MOSQUITOS AB Plasmodium inui shortti was studied in monkeys (66 Macaca mulatta,2 M.fascicularis. 12 Saimiri boliviensis, 4 Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, and 1 A. nancymaae). Prepatent periods for 30 sporozoite transmissions by Anopheles stephensi, An. dirus, and An. maculatus mosquitoes ranged from 10 to 48 days with a median of 15.5 days. In rhesus monkeys, mean maximum parasite counts for intact animals were 181,970/mu L; for splenectomized animals, the mean maximum parasite count was 1,167,890/mu L. C1 [Collins, William E.; Warren, McWilson; Sullivan, Joann S.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway Chamblee, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 393RY UT WOS:000262391700028 PM 19141855 ER PT J AU Rothman, RE Kalish, B Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Rothman, Richard E. Kalish, Brian Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on Emerging Infections: News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; INFLUENZA; CARE; RECOMMENDATIONS; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS; IMPACT C1 [Rothman, Richard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Emergency Med & Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kalish, Brian] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. [Pinner, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rothman, RE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Emergency Med & Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Rothman, Richard/0000-0002-1017-9505 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.004 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 398OR UT WOS:000262741900005 PM 19123264 ER PT J AU Cooper, AR Van Wijngaarden, E Fisher, SG Adams, MJ Yost, MG Bowman, JD AF Cooper, Anna R. Van Wijngaarden, Edwin Fisher, Susan G. Adams, M. Jacob Yost, Michael G. Bowman, Joseph D. TI A Population-Based Cohort Study of Occupational Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic Fields; Occupational Exposure; Cardiovascular Disease; Mortality; Cohort Study ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; SUDDEN-DEATH; SMOKING; MEN; RISK; MISCLASSIFICATION AB PURPOSE: This cohort study aims to examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks among workers in occupations potentially exposed to magnetic fields (MF). METHODS: Risks for major CVD mortality by potential job-related MF exposure were examined in a sample of U.S. workers from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study using multivariate proportional hazards models. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic factors, there were no significant excess risks between individuals with medium (0.15 to <0.20 mu T), high (0.20 to <0.30 mu T), or very high (>= 0.30 mu T) exposure levels as compared with individuals with background exposure levels of MF ( <0.15 mu T) for the CVD mortality outcomes. Indirect adjustment for potential confounding by Current smoking prevalence did not change the pattern of these results. CONCLUSION: Our Study does not provide evidence for an association between occupational MF exposure and CVD mortality risk. C1 [Cooper, Anna R.; Van Wijngaarden, Edwin; Fisher, Susan G.; Adams, M. Jacob] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Yost, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bowman, Joseph D.] NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Van Wijngaarden, E (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM edwin_van_wijngaarden@urmc.rochester.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.10.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DZ UT WOS:000261933200006 PM 19064188 ER PT J AU Flores-Ayala, R Kim, H Serdula, M AF Flores-Ayala, Rafael Kim, Hye Serdula, Mary TI FLOUR FORTIFICATION INITIATIVE (FFI) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORTIFICATION OF WHEAT FLOUR SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flores-Ayala, Rafael] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827200176 ER PT J AU Gregory, CO Kirsten, H Serdula, MK Sullivan, KM AF Gregory, Cria O. Kirsten, Herrick Serdula, Mary K. Sullivan, Kevin M. TI DAIRY CONSUMPTION AND IODINE STATUS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gregory, Cria O.; Serdula, Mary K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirsten, Herrick; Sullivan, Kevin M.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827200690 ER PT J AU Jefferds, MED Ogange, L Owuor, M Person, B Cruz, K Suchdev, P Ruth, L AF Jefferds, Maria Elena D. Ogange, Lorraine Owuor, Mercy Person, Bobbie Cruz, Kari Suchdev, Parminder Ruth, Laird TI LAY CONCEPTS OF ANEMIA AMONG LUO FAMILIES IN WESTERN KENYA AND THEIR USE IN DEVELOPING MESSAGES FOR A SPRINKLES MICRONUTRIENT POWDER INTERVENTION SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jefferds, Maria Elena D.; Person, Bobbie; Suchdev, Parminder; Ruth, Laird] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ogange, Lorraine; Owuor, Mercy] KEMRI, CDC, Kisumu, Kenya. [Cruz, Kari] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Suchdev, Parmi/K-4851-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 417 EP 417 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827201651 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Hopf, NBN Deddens, JA Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Grote, AA Sammons, DL AF Hines, Cynthia J. Hopf, Nancy B. Nilsen Deddens, James A. Calafat, Antonia M. Silva, Manori J. Grote, Ardith A. Sammons, Deborah L. TI Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations among Workers in Selected Industries: A Pilot Biomonitoring Study SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; BIOMARKERS; ESTERS; POPULATION; HEALTH AB Phthalates are used as plasticizers and solvents in industrial, medical and consumer products; however, occupational exposure information is limited. We sought to obtain preliminary information on occupational exposures to diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by analyzing for their metabolites in urine samples collected from workers in a cross-section of industries. We also obtained data on metabolites of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), di-isobutyl phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate. We recruited 156 workers in 2003-2005 from eight industry sectors. We assessed occupational contribution by comparing end-shift metabolite concentrations to the US general population. Evidence of occupational exposure to DEHP was strongest in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film manufacturing, PVC compounding and rubber boot manufacturing where geometric mean (GM) end-shift concentrations of DEHP metabolites exceeded general population levels by 8-, 6- and 3-fold, respectively. Occupational exposure to DBP was most evident in rubber gasket, phthalate (raw material) and rubber hose manufacturing, with DBP metabolite concentrations exceeding general population levels by 26-, 25- and 10-fold, respectively, whereas DBP exposure in nail-only salons (manicurists) was only 2-fold higher than in the general population. Concentrations of DEP and DMP metabolites in phthalate manufacturing exceeded general population levels by 4- and > 1000-fold, respectively. We also found instances where GM end-shift concentrations of some metabolites exceeded general population concentrations even when no workplace use was reported, e.g. BzBP in rubber hose and rubber boot manufacturing. In summary, using urinary metabolites, we successfully identified workplaces with likely occupational phthalate exposure. Additional work is needed to distinguish occupational from non-occupational sources in low-exposure workplaces. C1 [Hines, Cynthia J.; Hopf, Nancy B. Nilsen; Deddens, James A.; Grote, Ardith A.; Sammons, Deborah L.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Deddens, James A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Silva, Manori J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chines@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX Intramural research program of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men066 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392VC UT WOS:000262329300001 PM 18948546 ER PT J AU Smith, SW Graber, NM Johnson, RC Barr, JR Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS AF Smith, Silas W. Graber, Nathan M. Johnson, Rudolph C. Barr, John R. Hoffman, Robert S. Nelson, Lewis S. TI Multisystem Organ Failure After Large Volume Injection of Castor Oil SO ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Congress of the European-Association-Poisons-Centre-and-Clinical-Toxicologists CY MAY 01-04, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Poisons Ctr & Clin Toxicol DE castor oil; injection; ricinine; multisystem organ failure; transgendered ID CREMOPHOR EL; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION; RICININE; TOXICITY; SILICONE; COMPLICATIONS; RAT; CYCLOSPORINE; SURFACTANTS; VEHICLE AB We report a case of multisystenn organ failure after large volume subcutaneous injection of castor oil for cosmetic enhancement. An unlicensed practitioner injected 500 mL of castor oil bilaterally to the hips and buttocks of a 28-year-old male to female transsexual. Immediate local pain and erythema were followed by abdominal and chest pain, emesis, headache, hematuria, jaundice, and tinnitus. She presented to an emergency department 12 hours postinjection. Persistently hemolyzed blood samples complicated preliminary laboratory analysis. She rapidly deteriorated despite treatment and developed fever, tachycardia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, respiratory distress, and anuric renal failure. An infectious diseases evaluation was negative. After intensive supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, she was discharged I I days later, requiring dialysis for an additional 1.5 months. Castor oil absorption was inferred from recovery of the Ricinus communis biomarker. ricinine, in the patient's urine (41 ng/mL). Clinicians should anticipate multiple complications after unapproved methods of cosmetic enhancement. C1 [Smith, Silas W.; Hoffman, Robert S.] New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Smith, Silas W.; Hoffman, Robert S.; Nelson, Lewis S.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Graber, Nathan M.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Johnson, Rudolph C.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Smith, SW (reprint author), New York City Poison Control Ctr, 455 1st Ave,Room 123, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM Silas.Smith@nyumc.org OI Nelson, Lewis/0000-0001-9551-3922; Hoffman, Robert/0000-0002-0091-9573 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-7043 J9 ANN PLAS SURG JI Ann. Plast. Surg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 62 IS 1 BP 12 EP 14 DI 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31817763bd PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 388NH UT WOS:000262026000005 PM 19131711 ER PT S AU Tumpey, TM Belser, JA AF Tumpey, Terrence M. Belser, Jessica A. TI Resurrected Pandemic Influenza Viruses SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE pathogenesis; transmission; adaptation; virus genes ID A H5N1 VIRUS; PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; RECEPTOR-BINDING SITE; SINGLE AMINO-ACID; NS1 PROTEIN; HUMAN AIRWAY; NEURAMINIDASE DETERMINES; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES AB Influenza viruses continue to pose a major global public health problem. There is a need to better understand the pathogenicity and transmission of pandemic influenza viruses SO that we may develop improved methods for their prevention and control. Reconstruction of the 1918 virus and studies elucidating the exceptional virulence and transmissibility of the virus are providing exciting new insights into this devastating pandemic strain. The primary approach has been to reconstruct and analyze recombinant viruses, in which genes of the 1918 virus are replaced with genes of contemporary influenza viruses of lesser virulence. This review highlights the current status of the field and discusses the molecular determinants of the 1918 pandemic virus that may have contributed to its virulence and spread. Identifying the exact genes responsible for the high virulence of the 1918 virus will be,in important step toward understanding virulent influenza strains and will allow the world to better prepare for and respond to future influenza pandemics. C1 [Tumpey, Terrence M.; Belser, Jessica A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 125 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1163-6 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2009 VL 63 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073359 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 508EE UT WOS:000270910300005 PM 19385726 ER PT B AU Weigel, LM Morse, SA AF Weigel, Linda M. Morse, Stephen A. BE Mayers, DL TI Implications of Antibiotic Resistance in Potential Agents of Bioterrorism SO ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE, VOL 2: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS SE Infectious Disease LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; REAL-TIME PCR; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS STERNE; NEWER BETA-LACTAM; COXIELLA-BURNETII; YERSINIA-PESTIS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI C1 [Weigel, Linda M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Antimicrobial Resistance Lab, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Antimicrobial Resistance Lab, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lweigel@cdc.gov NR 173 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60327-594-1 J9 INFECT DIS PY 2009 BP 1315 EP 1338 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-595-8_90 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-595-8 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BKN89 UT WOS:000268730200044 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Okomo-Adhiambo, M Sheu, TG Wallis, TR Fry, A Dharan, N Klimov, AI Gubareva, LV AF Deyde, Varough M. Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret Sheu, Tiffany G. Wallis, Teresa R. Fry, Alicia Dharan, Nila Klimov, Alexander I. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Pyrosequencing as a tool to detect molecular markers of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in seasonal influenza A viruses SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Antiviral; Influenza A virus; Oseltamivir; Zanamivir; Pyrosequencing ID SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; ACTIVE-SITE; REDUCED SENSITIVITY; POSITION STATEMENT; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; H5N1 VIRUS; B VIRUSES; OSELTAMIVIR; AMANTADINE AB Pyrosequencing has been successfully used to monitor resistance in influenza A viruses to the first class of anti-influenza drugs, M2 blockers (adamantanes). In contrast to M2 blockers, resistance to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) is subtype- and drug-specific. Here, we designed a pyrosequencing assay for detection of the most commonly reported mutations associated with resistance to NAIs, a newer class of anti-influenza drugs. These common mutations occur at residues: H274 (N1), E119 (N2), R292 (N2), and N294 (N2) in seasonal influenza A viruses. Additionally, we designed primers to detect substitutions at D151 in NAs of N1 and N2 subtypes. This assay allows detection of mutations associated with resistance not only in grown viruses but also in clinical specimens, thus reducing the time needed for testing and providing an advantage for disease outbreak investigation and management. The pyrosequencing approach also allows the detection of mixed populations of virus variants at positions of interest. Analysis of viruses in the original clinical specimens reduces the potential for introducing genetic variance in the virus population due to selection by cell culture. Our results showed that, in at least one instance, a D151 E change seen in N1NA after virus propagation in cell culture was not detected in the original clinical specimen. Although the pyrosequencing assay allows high throughput screening for established genetic markers of antiviral resistance, it is not a replacement for the NA inhibition assays due to insufficient knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the NAI-resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deyde, Varough M.; Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret; Sheu, Tiffany G.; Wallis, Teresa R.; Fry, Alicia; Dharan, Nila; Klimov, Alexander I.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lqg3@cdc.gov FU U.S. State Laboratories, the National Influenza Centers; Influenza Surveillance Network and the WHO Collaborating Centers; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX We thank Xiyan Xu, Henrietta Hall, Angela Foust, Amanda Balish, Wendy Sessions, Gregory Kocher, Jan Mabry, Rebecca Garten, Catherine Smith, John Barnes, Allison Myrick, and Michael Shaw from the influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for their contributions to the study, jorn Winter, for fruitful discussions on statistical and sensitivity analyses; Deborah Litman, from Biotage for her help in the initial pyrosequencing primer design. We also thank U.S. State Laboratories, the National Influenza Centers participating in the Global Influenza Surveillance Network and the WHO Collaborating Centers for submitting their specimens for testing. Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo and Tiffany Sheu are grateful to the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for providing fellowships. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.08.008 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 396KF UT WOS:000262589900003 PM 18835410 ER PT J AU Tashiro, M McKimm-Breschkin, JL Saito, T Klimov, A Macken, C Zambon, M Hayden, FG AF Tashiro, Masato McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer L. Saito, Takehiko Klimov, Alexander Macken, Catherine Zambon, Maria Hayden, Frederick G. CA Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibi TI Surveillance for neuraminidase-inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses in Japan, 1996-2007 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; A VIRUSES; B VIRUSES; ZANAMIVIR; CHILDREN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: High usage of the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) oseltamivir in Japan since 2003 led the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network to assess the susceptibility of community isolates of influenza viruses to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Methods: Isolates were tested by the enzyme inhibition assay and by neuraminidase (NA) sequence analysis. Results: Among 1,141 A(H3N2) viruses and 171 type B viruses collected in Japan during the 2003-2004 season, 3 (0.3%) A(H3N2) isolates showed high 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) to oseltamivir. Each possessed a known resistance NA mutation at R292K or E119V. During the 2004-2005 season, no resistance was found among 567 influenza A(H3N2) or 60 A(H1N1) isolates, but 1 of 58 influenza B isolates had an NAI resistance mutation (D197N). Sequence analysis found that 4 (3%) of 132 A(H1N1) viruses from 2005-2006 had known NA resistance mutations (all H274Y), but no additional resistant isolates were detected from that or the subsequent 2006-2007 season. Concurrent testing of a selection of 500 influenza B viruses from 2000 to 2006 showed significant variations between seasons in both oseltamivir and zanamivir IC(50) values, but no persistent increases over this period. Conclusions: Our findings suggested possible low-level transmission of resistant variants from oseltamivir-treated patients in several seasons in Japan but no sustained reductions in NAI susceptibility or consistently increased frequency of detecting resistant variants for any strain or subtype, despite high levels of drug use. In particular, although oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses with the H274Y mutation spread globally in 2007-2008, we found little evidence for increasing levels of resistant A(H1N1) variants in Japan in preceding years. C1 [Hayden, Frederick G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Tashiro, Masato] Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. [McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer L.] CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Klimov, Alexander] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Co, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Macken, Catherine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zambon, Maria] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. RP Hayden, FG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM fgh@virginia.edu RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 6 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.3851/IMP1194 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 507UH UT WOS:000270880100003 PM 19812437 ER PT J AU Buckton, AJ Prabhu, D Murphy, G Parry, JV Johnson, JA Pillay, D Cane, PA AF Buckton, A. J. Prabhu, D. Murphy, G. Parry, J. V. Johnson, J. A. Pillay, D. Cane, P. A. TI The potential role of minority mutation assays in surveillance of transmitted drug resistance SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Johnson, J. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Buckton, A. J.; Prabhu, D.; Murphy, G.; Parry, J. V.; Pillay, D.; Cane, P. A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, London, England. [Pillay, D.] UCL, Dept Infect & Immun, London, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 102 BP A121 EP A121 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900119 ER PT J AU Dobard, C Lipscomb, J Johnson, JA Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W AF Dobard, C. Lipscomb, J. Johnson, J. A. Garcia-Lerma, J. G. Heneine, W. TI Recombinant viruses expressing subtype B or subtype C reverse transcriptase reveal no difference in the rate of K65R resistance to tenofovir in cell culture SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Dobard, C.; Lipscomb, J.; Johnson, J. A.; Garcia-Lerma, J. G.; Heneine, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 21 BP A23 EP A23 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900038 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Yang, C Zulu, I Njobvu, L Stringer, J Shanmugam, V McNulty, A Lehotzky, E Bolu, O Peters, P Pathak, S Heneine, W Weidle, P AF Johnson, J. A. Li, J. F. Yang, C. Zulu, I. Njobvu, L. Stringer, J. Shanmugam, V. McNulty, A. Lehotzky, E. Bolu, O. Peters, P. Pathak, S. Heneine, W. Weidle, P. TI Bulk sequence-detectable resistance mutations in peripheral RNA following single-dose nevirapine are associated with poorer treatment responses but do not adequately explain treatment failure SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Johnson, J. A.; Li, J. F.; Peters, P.; Pathak, S.; Heneine, W.; Weidle, P.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yang, C.; Shanmugam, V.; McNulty, A.; Lehotzky, E.; Bolu, O.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zulu, I.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Lusaka, Zambia. [Njobvu, L.; Stringer, J.] UAB Ctr Infect Dis Res, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 43 BP A45 EP A45 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900060 ER PT J AU Lidstrom, J Kumwenda, N Kafulafula, G Hoover, DR Kumwenda, J Mofenson, LM Fowler, MG Thigpen, MC Taha, TE Eshleman, SH AF Lidstrom, J. Kumwenda, N. Kafulafula, G. Hoover, D. R. Kumwenda, J. Mofenson, L. M. Fowler, M. G. Thigpen, M. C. Taha, T. E. Eshleman, S. H. TI Antiretroviral treatment of HIV-infected women can induce multiclass drug resistance in their breastfeeding infants SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Lidstrom, J.; Fowler, M. G.; Eshleman, S. H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kumwenda, N.; Taha, T. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kafulafula, G.; Kumwenda, J.] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Hoover, D. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Mofenson, L. M.] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Fowler, M. G.; Thigpen, M. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 135 BP A158 EP A158 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900152 ER PT J AU Lidstrom, J Kumwenda, N Hoover, DR Kafulafula, G Li, Q Mofenson, LM Fowler, MG Thigpen, MC Taha, TE Eshleman, SH AF Lidstrom, J. Kumwenda, N. Hoover, D. R. Kafulafula, G. Li, Q. Mofenson, L. M. Fowler, M. G. Thigpen, M. C. Taha, T. E. Eshleman, S. H. TI Addition of extended zidovudine to extended nevirapine prophylaxis reduces resistance in infants who were HIV-infected in utero: the PEPI-Malawi Study SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Lidstrom, J.; Fowler, M. G.; Eshleman, S. H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kumwenda, N.; Li, Q.; Taha, T. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hoover, D. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Kafulafula, G.] Univ Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi. [Mofenson, L. M.] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Fowler, M. G.; Thigpen, M. C.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 40 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900057 ER PT J AU Supervie, V Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W Blower, S AF Supervie, V. Garcia-Lerma, J. G. Heneine, W. Blower, S. TI What impact will PrEP interventions have on incidence and transmitted drug resistance in resource-rich countries? SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Supervie, V.; Blower, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Garcia-Lerma, J. G.; Heneine, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Supervie, Virginie/N-8032-2015 OI Supervie, Virginie/0000-0003-0399-1957 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 72 BP A83 EP A83 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900089 ER PT J AU Wei, X Youngpairoj, AS Garrido, C Zahonero, N Corral, A de Mendoza, C Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG Johnson, JA AF Wei, X. Youngpairoj, A. S. Garrido, C. Zahonero, N. Corral, A. de Mendoza, C. Heneine, W. Garcia-Lerma, J. G. Johnson, J. A. TI Minority resistance detection in stored dried blood spots indicates high specimen integrity and provides an expansive record of archived resistance SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Wei, X.; Youngpairoj, A. S.; Heneine, W.; Garcia-Lerma, J. G.; Johnson, J. A.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garrido, C.; Zahonero, N.; Corral, A.; de Mendoza, C.] Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 137 BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900154 ER PT J AU Zhan, J Kang, D Fu, J Sun, X Lin, B Nkengasong, J Yang, C AF Zhan, J. Kang, D. Fu, J. Sun, X. Lin, B. Nkengasong, J. Yang, C. TI Monitoring of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation development from patients under antiretroviral therapy from Shandong province, China SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Zhan, J.; Nkengasong, J.; Yang, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kang, D.; Fu, J.; Sun, X.; Lin, B.] Shandong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst AIDS HIV Control & Prevent, Shandong, Peoples R China. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 140 BP A163 EP A163 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900157 ER PT J AU Marras, WS Cutlip, RG Burt, SE Waters, TR AF Marras, William S. Cutlip, Robert G. Burt, Susan E. Waters, Thomas R. TI National occupational research agenda (NORA) future directions in occupational musculoskeletal disorder health research SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Review DE Musculoskeletal; Injury prevention; Research agenda ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; STRETCH-SHORTENING CONTRACTIONS; UPPER EXTREMITY DISORDERS; INDIVIDUAL RISK-FACTORS; EMG-ASSISTED MODEL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; IN-VIVO; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; CARPAL-TUNNEL; LUMBAR SPINE AB Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most costly health care problems facing society today. The scientific literature hits indicated that psychosocial factors, individual factors, workplace physical requirements, and workplace organizational factors have been associated with risk. Since musculoskeletal risk is multi-dimensional, the magnitude of risk attributable to various factors call be of importance to scientists and policy makers in designing Countermeasures to reduce injury incidence. Traditionally, the disciplines of biomechanics, physiology, and psychophysics have dominated the body of knowledge that has defined exposure limitations to work. However, recent research has explored the association of psychosocial and work organization factors with musculoskeletal problems. Advances have been made to better quantify the levels Of Occupational exposure by improved exposure metrics, quantification of three-dimensional loads experienced by certain joints (e.g. the spine), identification of tissue tolerance limits and tissue response to mechanical stresses, and the impact of psychosocial stresses. However, efforts to quantitatively link epidemiological, biomechanical loading, soft tissue tolerance, and psychosocial studies Should be pursued to establish a better understanding of the pathways of injury and resultant preventive strategies. Although we are beginning to understand how the major risk factors influence the load-tolerance relationship of human tissue. how these risk factors interact is Virtually unexplored. Since the impact of the interactions may be far greater than that of any individual factor, the impact of the interactions between risk factors must be delineated so that work-related risk can be better quantified. Efforts to quantitatively link epidemiological, biomechanical loading, Soft tissue tolerance, and psychosocial studies should be pursued to establish a better understanding of the pathways Of injury and resultant preventive strategies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cutlip, Robert G.] NIOSH, Musculoskeletal Pathomech Res, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Burt, Susan E.] NIOSH, DSHEFS Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, DART Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Cutlip, RG (reprint author), NIOSH, Musculoskeletal Pathomech Res, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM RGC8@CDC.GOV OI Burt, Susan/0000-0002-4353-9773 NR 112 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 EI 1872-9126 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.01.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 363AO UT WOS:000260238500003 PM 18462703 ER PT J AU Heim, C Nater, UM Maloney, E Boneva, R Jones, JF Reeves, WC AF Heim, Christine Nater, Urs M. Maloney, Elizabeth Boneva, Roumiana Jones, James F. Reeves, William C. TI Childhood Trauma and Risk for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Association With Neuroendocrine Dysfunction SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SALIVARY CORTISOL; ABUSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; AXIS; DEFINITION; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION AB Context: Childhood trauma appears to be a potent risk factor for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Evidence from developmental neuroscience suggests that early experience programs the development of regulatory systems that are implicated in the pathophysiology of CFS, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the contribution of childhood trauma to neuroendocrine dysfunction in CFS remains obscure. Objectives: To replicate findings on the relationship between childhood trauma and risk for CFS and to evaluate the association between childhood trauma and neuroendocrine dysfunction in CFS. Design, Setting, and Participants: A case-control study of 113 persons with CFS and 124 well control subjects identified from a general population sample of 19 381 adult residents of Georgia. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; emotional and physical neglect), psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and salivary cortisol response to awakening. Results: Individuals with CFS reported significantly higher levels of childhood trauma and psychopathological symptoms than control subjects. Exposure to childhood trauma was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of CFS. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect were most effective in discriminating CFS cases from controls. There was a graded relationship between exposure level and CFS risk. The risk of CFS conveyed by childhood trauma further increased with the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Only individuals with CFS and with childhood trauma exposure, but not individuals with CFS without exposure, exhibited decreased salivary cortisol concentrations after awakening compared with control subjects. Conclusions: Our results confirm childhood trauma as an important risk factor of CFS. In addition, neuroendocrine dysfunction, a hallmark feature of CFS, appears to be associated with childhood trauma. This possibly reflects a biological correlate of vulnerability due to early developmental insults. Our findings are critical to inform pathophysiological research and to devise targets for the prevention of CFS. C1 [Heim, Christine; Nater, Urs M.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nater, Urs M.; Maloney, Elizabeth; Boneva, Roumiana; Jones, James F.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heim, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, 101 Woodruff Cir,Woodruff Mem Res Bldg,Ste 4311, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cmheim@emory.edu; wcr1@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 50 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 390QJ UT WOS:000262178500009 PM 19124690 ER PT J AU Ruha, AM Curry, SC Gerkin, RD Caldwell, KL Osterloh, JD Wax, PM AF Ruha, Anne-Michelle Curry, Steven C. Gerkin, Richard D. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Osterloh, John D. Wax, Paul M. TI Urine Mercury Excretion Following meso-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Challenge in Fish Eaters SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Congress-of-Clinical-Toxicology CY OCT 19-24, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP N Amer Congress Clin Toxicol ID CHELATING-AGENTS; ORGANIC-MERCURY; CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE; BLOOD; DMSA AB Context.-Public awareness of methylmercury in fish has caused patients to seek testing for mercury poisoning. In some patients, the diagnosis of mercury poisoning has been made based on urine mercury excretions following oral dosing of meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a metal chelator. However, studies comparing urine mercury excretion following DMSA in healthy non-fish eaters with healthy fish eaters could not be located. Objectives.-To describe urinary mercury excretion before and after DMSA in healthy fish eaters and non-fish eaters, and to determine whether urine mercury excretion after DMSA would rise above baseline levels to a greater extent in fish eaters. Design.-A total of 24 healthy physicians were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on fish consumption: non-fish eaters; 1 to 2 fish servings per week; and 3 or more servings per week. Blood mercury concentrations and 12-hour urine mercury and creatinine excretions were measured before and after oral ingestion of 30 mg of DMSA per kilogram of body weight. Results.-A total of 24 subjects completed the study, and 2 subsequently were excluded. No difference in baseline urinary mercury excretion was detected between groups. All groups demonstrated an increase in urinary mercury excretion following DMSA, which was higher in fish eaters (P = .04). Multiple linear regression found that the best predictor of a rise in urine mercury excretion following DMSA challenge was the prechelation blood mercury concentration. Conclusions.-In this study of healthy physicians, oral DMSA produced a rise in urine mercury excretion both in non-fish eaters and fish eaters. The increase in chelated mercury excretion was higher in fish eaters. A simple rise in chelated mercury excretion over baseline excretion is not a reliable diagnostic indicator of mercury poisoning. C1 [Ruha, Anne-Michelle; Curry, Steven C.; Gerkin, Richard D.] Banner Good Samaritan Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. [Ruha, Anne-Michelle; Curry, Steven C.] Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Ruha, Anne-Michelle] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Curry, Steven C.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Osterloh, John D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wax, Paul M.] Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Sch, Dept Surg, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Ruha, AM (reprint author), Banner Good Samaritan Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, 925 E McDowell Rd,2nd Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. EM michelle.ruha@bannerhealth.com RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 133 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 391XK UT WOS:000262267300015 PM 19123743 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Boyle, CA Schieve, LA AF Boulet, Sheree L. Boyle, Coleen A. Schieve, Laura A. TI Health Care Use and Health and Functional Impact of Developmental Disabilities Among US Children, 1997-2005 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PARENTAL REPORT; NATIONAL-SURVEY; AUTISM; PREVALENCE; NEEDS; COSTS; EXPENDITURES; CHILDHOOD; PROFILE AB Objective: To present nationally representative estimates of health-related limitations, needs, and service use among US children with and without developmental disabilities (DDs). Design: Retrospective analysis of data from a sample of US households from the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Surveys. Participants: Children aged 3 to 17 years (n=95132). Main Outcome Measures: Parents or other knowledgeable adults reported on their children's DDs, health needs, and use of health and education services. Developmental disabilities included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, blindness, cerebral palsy, deaf/a lot of trouble hearing, learning disability, mental retardation, seizures, stuttering/stammering, and other developmental delay. Results: Among children with 1 or more DDs, prevalence estimates for limitations in movement (6.1%), needed help with personal care (3.2%), needed special equipment (3.5%), received home health care (1.4%), and regularly took prescription medication(s) (37.5%) were 4 to 32 times higher than for children without DDs. Children with DDs were 2 to 8 times as likely to have had more than 9 health care visits (14.9%), received special education (38.8%), had a surgical or medical procedure (7.5%), and recently visited a medical specialist (23.9%), mental health professional (26.6%), therapist/allied health professional (19.6%), and/or emergency department (10.3%). Effects were generally stable during the study interval and independent of age, race, sex, and family income. Cerebral palsy, autism, mental retardation, blindness, and deafness/a lot of trouble hearing were associated with the highest levels of health and functional impact indicators. Conclusions: Developmental disabilities profoundly affect children's health and functioning. These data can inform evidence-based targeted prevention strategies for minimizing functional limitations and lifetime disability. Additional study of unmet needs and access to care is needed. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Boyle, Coleen A.; Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov FU US Department of Energy; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (Dr Boulet), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 29 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 390QO UT WOS:000262179000004 PM 19124699 ER PT J AU Goode, B O'Reilly, C Dunn, J Fullerton, K Smith, S Ghneim, G Keen, J Durso, L Davies, M Montgomery, S AF Goode, Brant O'Reilly, Ciara Dunn, John Fullerton, Kathleen Smith, Stacey Ghneim, George Keen, James Durso, Lisa Davies, Megan Montgomery, Sue TI Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 H7 Infections After Petting Zoo Visits, North Carolina State Fair, October-November 2004 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the National-Environmental-Health-Association CY JUN, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Natl Environm Hlth Assoc ID DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; PREVALENCE; FOOD AB Objectives: To identify cases, describe the outbreak, implement control measures, and identify factors associated with infection or protection from infection, including contact with animals and hand hygiene practices. Design: Case finding, a case-control study of 45 cases and 188 controls, environmental investigation, and molecular subtyping of clinical and environmental Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolates. Setting: The 2004 North Carolina State Fair. Participants: Case patients were fair visitors who had laboratory-confirmed E coli O157 infections, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) diagnoses, or bloody diarrheal illnesses. Control subjects were recruited from a randomized list of persons who had purchased fair tickets online. Environmental samples from the fairgrounds were obtained from locations that had held animals during the fair. Main Exposure: Visiting a petting zoo. Main Outcome Measures: Case finding: Summary descriptive statistics of suspected, probable, or confirmed E coli O157: H7 infections, signs, symptoms, and HUS. Environmental investigation: E coli O157: H7 isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and spatial distribution of source locations. Case-control study: Odds ratios (ORs) comparing reported fair-related activities, hygiene practices, and zoonotic disease knowledge with outcome. Results: A total of 108 case patients were ascertained, including 41 with laboratory-confirmed illness and 15 who experienced HUS. Forty-five case patients and 188 controls were enrolled in the case-control study. Visits to a petting zoo having substantial environmental E coli O157: H7 contamination were associated with illness (age-adjusted OR, 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-20.3). Among children 5 years or younger who had visited the implicated petting zoo, contact with animal manure (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.2-21.9) and hand-to-mouth behaviors (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.0-55.0) were associated with illness. Reported hand hygiene practices did not differ significantly (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.3-9.5). Reported awareness of the risk for zoonotic disease was protective (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.03-0.5). Environmental samples from the petting zoo implicated in the case-control study yielded E coli O157: H7, with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns from the predominant strain. Conclusions: We describe one of the largest petting zoo outbreaks of E coli O157: H7 to date. Persons became infected after contact with manure and engaging in hand-to-mouth behaviors in a petting zoo having substantial E coli O157: H7 contamination. Use of alcohol-based hand-sanitizing gels was not protective, although knowledge of the risk for zoonotic infection was protective. Future investigations in similar outbreaks should assess risks for infection and protective measures (eg, physical barriers separating visitors from animal manure, education, and appropriate hand hygiene practices). C1 [Goode, Brant] Epidem Intelligence Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Ghneim, George; Davies, Megan] N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Gen Communicable Dis Control Branch, Raleigh, NC USA. [Goode, Brant] Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [O'Reilly, Ciara; Dunn, John] Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fullerton, Kathleen; Smith, Stacey; Montgomery, Sue] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keen, James; Durso, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Goode, B (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, 1132 Bishop St,Ste 1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM bwc2@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 390QO UT WOS:000262179000007 PM 19124702 ER PT J AU Hvidtjorn, D Schieve, L Schendel, D Jacobsson, B Svaerke, C Thorsen, P AF Hvidtjorn, Dorte Schieve, Laura Schendel, Diana Jacobsson, Bo Svaerke, Claus Thorsen, Poul TI Cerebral Palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Developmental Delay in Children Born After Assisted Conception A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; SPONTANEOUSLY CONCEIVED CHILDREN; 5-YEAR-OLD ICSI CHILDREN; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT AB Objective: To assess the existing evidence of associations between assisted conception and cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and developmental delay. Data Sources: Forty-one studies identified in a systematical PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) search for articles published from January 1, 1996, to April 1, 2008. Study Selection: Studies written in English comparing children born after assisted conception with children born after natural conception assessing CP, ASD, and developmental delay, based on original data with a follow-up of 1 year or more. Main Exposures: In vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection or ovulation induction with or without subsequent intrauterine insemination. Main Outcome Measures: Cerebral palsy, ASD, and developmental delay. Results: Nine CP studies showed that children born after IVF had an increased risk of CP associated with preterm delivery. In our meta-analysis including 19 462 children exposed to IVF, we estimated a crude odds ratio of 2.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.71-2.77). Eight ASD studies and 30 studies on developmental delay showed inconsistent results. No studies assessed the risk of CP, ASD, or developmental delay in children born after ovulation induction exclusively. Conclusions: Methodological problems were revealed in the identified studies, and the gaps in our knowledge about the long-term outcomes of children born after assisted conception are considerable, including a lack of information on the long-term consequences of ovulation induction. Possible associations with ASD and developmental delay need assessment in larger studies. Studies on assisted conception and CP from countries outside of Scandinavia are needed, including detailed information on time to pregnancy, underlying cause of infertility, and type of IVF treatment. C1 [Hvidtjorn, Dorte; Jacobsson, Bo; Svaerke, Claus; Thorsen, Poul] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Schieve, Laura; Schendel, Diana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jacobsson, Bo] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Ctr, Inst Hlth Women & Children,Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Jacobsson, Bo] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Thorsen, Poul] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hvidtjorn, D (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Paludan Mullers Vej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM dh@soci.au.dk FU Danish Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation; University of Aarhus; Elsass Foundation; Health Insurance Foundation; Augustinus Foundation; Julie von Mullens Foundation; Direktor Jacob Madsen & Hustru Olga Madsens Fond; Aase and Ejnar Danielsen Foundation FX The study was funded by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation; the University of Aarhus; the Elsass Foundation; the Health Insurance Foundation; the Augustinus Foundation; the Julie von Mullens Foundation; Direktor Jacob Madsen & Hustru Olga Madsens Fond; and the Aase and Ejnar Danielsen Foundation. NR 79 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 390QO UT WOS:000262179000012 PM 19124707 ER PT J AU Katz, KA Toblin, RL AF Katz, Kenneth A. Toblin, Robin L. TI Language Matters: Unintentional Strangulation, Strangulation Activity, and the "Choking Game" SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Toblin, Robin L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Toblin, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Bufford Hwy,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rtoblin@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1 BP 93 EP 94 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 390QO UT WOS:000262179000019 PM 19124713 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Klaassen, CHW AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Klaassen, Corne H. W. BE Latge, JP Steinbach, WJ TI Molecular Methods for Species Identification and Strain Typing of Aspergillus fumigatus SO ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS AND ASPERGILLOSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MEDICALLY IMPORTANT; SECTION FUMIGATI; TANDEM REPEATS; DNA; NEOSARTORYA; SEQUENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Klaassen, Corne H. W.] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-6532 SZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-552-3 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA BOY46 UT WOS:000278059700004 ER PT J AU Hickie, I Davenport, T Vernon, SD Nisenbaum, R Reeves, WC Hadzi-Pavlovic, D Lloyd, A AF Hickie, Ian Davenport, Tracey Vernon, Suzanne D. Nisenbaum, Rosane Reeves, William C. Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan Lloyd, Andrew CA Int Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study TI Are chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome valid clinical entities across countries and health-care settings? SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue; chronic fatigue syndrome; diagnostic criteria; factor analysis; prolonged fatigue; symptoms ID UNEXPLAINED CHRONIC FATIGUE; PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; GLANDULAR FEVER; CASE-DEFINITION; ILLNESS; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; MULTICENTER AB Objective: The validity of the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and related chronic fatigue states remains controversial, particularly in psychiatry. This project utilized international epidemiological and clinical research data to test construct validity across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. Relevant demographic, symptom and diagnostic data were obtained from 33 studies in 21 countries. The subjects had fatigue lasting 1-6 months (prolonged fatigue), or > 6 months (chronic fatigue), or met diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Method: Common symptom domains were derived by factor analytic techniques. Mean scores on each symptom factor were compared across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. Results: Data were obtained on 37 724 subjects (n = 20 845 female, 57%), including from population-based studies (n = 15 749, 42%), studies in primary care (n = 19 472, 52%), and secondary or specialist tertiary referral clinics (n = 2503, 7%). The sample included 2013 subjects with chronic fatigue, and 1958 with chronic fatigue syndrome. A five-factor model of the key symptom domains was preferred ('musculoskeletal pain/fatigue', 'neurocognitive difficulties', 'inflammation', 'sleep disturbance/fatigue' and 'mood disturbance') and was comparable across subject groups and settings. Although the core symptom profiles were similar, some differences in symptoms were observed across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and between countries. Conclusions: The construct validity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome is supported by an empirically derived factor structure from existing international datasets. C1 [Hickie, Ian; Davenport, Tracey] Brain & Mind Res Inst, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. [Vernon, Suzanne D.; Nisenbaum, Rosane; Reeves, William C.] Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Lloyd, Andrew] Prince Wales Hosp, Black Dog Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Infect & Inflamm Dis, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Hickie, I (reprint author), Brain & Mind Res Inst, 100 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. EM ianh@med.usyd.edu.au RI Wessely, Simon/A-8713-2008; Prins, Judith/C-8522-2013; OI Clark, Lucy/0000-0001-7162-0512; White, Peter/0000-0002-8193-5355 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA FX This project was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. The researchers involved in the present study were independent of the funding agencies, with the exception of S. D. V. and R.N. who were previous employees, and W. C. R., who is a current employee of the CDC. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0004-8674 J9 AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT JI Aust. N. Z. J. Psych. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1080/00048670802534432 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 384HN UT WOS:000261736000003 PM 19085525 ER PT B AU Ashley, K Oatts, TJ AF Ashley, Kevin Oatts, Thomas J. BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Sample Dissolution Reagents for Beryllium Applications in Occupational and Environmental Hygiene SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; FLUORESCENCE METHOD; PARTICULATE MATTER; TRACE BERYLLIUM; EXTRACTION; SOILS; AEROSOLS; DUST; AIR AB A variety of sample preparation methods and reagents for beryllium have been used for the dissolution of this element prior to its analytical determination. This chapter provides an overview of methods for beryllium dissolution by digestion and extraction techniques for a number of sample media, with emphasis on reagents used to prepare samples of interest in the environmental and occupational hygiene fields. Methods normally target the dissolution of the total amount of beryllium originally present in the collected sample. Sample matrices of interest include aerosols, surface samples, ores, soils, beryllium metal, beryllium oxide (including high-fired BeO), and beryllium alloys. Samples of concern for occupational health monitoring include primarily those collected from workplace air and from surfaces. Attributes of the various reagents and techniques are discussed. C1 [Ashley, Kevin] NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Oatts, Thomas J.] Analyt Chem Org, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00089 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200004 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Gordon, SM Jain, RB Brinkman, MC Sosnoff, CS Seyler, TH Xia, Y McGuffey, JE Ashley, DL Pirkle, J Sampson, EJ AF Bernert, John T. Gordon, Sydney M. Jain, Ram B. Brinkman, Marielle C. Sosnoff, Connie S. Seyler, Tiffany H. Xia, Yang McGuffey, James E. Ashley, David L. Pirkle, James L. Sampson, Eric J. TI Increases in tobacco exposure biomarkers measured in non-smokers exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke under controlled conditions SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE Secondhand smoke; SHS; ETS; nicotine; cotinine; exposure chamber; 4-aminobiphenyl; adducts; NNAL; cigarette smoking; passive smoking ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SERUM COTININE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; LUNG CARCINOGEN; US POPULATION; NICOTINE METABOLISM; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; SECONDHAND SMOKE AB National surveys of the exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke based on serum cotinine analyses have consistently identified certain groups within the population including children, males and non-Hispanic Blacks as having relatively greater exposure. Although these differences in mean serum cotinine concentrations probably represent differences in exposure of individuals in their daily lives, it is also possible that metabolic or other differences in response might influence the results. To better define the nature of those findings, we have examined the response of 40 non-smokers including both men and women and African-Americans and whites to sidestream (SS) cigarette smoke generated by a smoking machine under controlled conditions. In this study, participants were exposed to aged, diluted SS smoke (ADSS) generated in an environmental chamber with a mean air nicotine concentration of 140 g m-3 and 8.6 ppm CO for 4 h. Salivary cotinine was measured every 30 min, and serum cotinine samples were taken prior to, and 2 h after exposure. Urinary nicotine metabolites and NNAL, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-AB) haemoglobin adducts were also measured prior to and 2 h following the exposure. Under these uniform, controlled conditions, we found a similar response to ADSS smoke exposure among all the participants. In all cases a significant increase in biomarker concentration was noted following exposure, and the short-term increases in salivary cotinine concentration were quite similar at approximately 12 pg ml-1 min-1 among the groups. In this small study, no significant differences by gender or race were seen in the mean increases observed in cotinine, NNAL or 4-AB adducts following 4 h of exposure. Thus, our results are most consistent with a relatively uniform response in tobacco biomarker concentrations following short-term exposure to ADSS tobacco smoke, and suggest that biomarker measurements are capable of effectively indicating increases in exposure among groups of non-smokers. C1 [Bernert, John T.; Jain, Ram B.; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Seyler, Tiffany H.; Xia, Yang; McGuffey, James E.; Ashley, David L.; Pirkle, James L.; Sampson, Eric J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gordon, Sydney M.; Brinkman, Marielle C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X EI 1366-5804 J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 BP 82 EP 93 AR PII 909920600 DI 10.1080/13547500902774613 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 425NA UT WOS:000264643200003 PM 19330586 ER PT J AU Cragan, JD Gilboa, SM AF Cragan, Janet D. Gilboa, Suzanne M. TI Including Prenatal Diagnoses in Birth Defects Monitoring: Experience of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prenatal diagnosis; birth defect; congenital anomaly; congenital malformation; monitoring; surveillance; elective termination; epidemiology ID FETAL HYDRONEPHROSIS; ELECTIVE TERMINATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; SURVEILLANCE; ABNORMALITIES; PREGNANCIES; ULTRASOUND; ANOMALIES AB BACKGROUND: Advances in prenatal diagnosis have led to changes in the management of pregnancies affected with birth defects. These changes pose unique challenges for birth defects monitoring programs which use hospital-based sources. METHODS: In 1994, Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) abstractors began to visit area perinatologists' offices to identify pregnancies diagnosed prenatally with fetal defects. These pregnancies were then linked with existing MACDP cases and the hospital deliveries abstracted. Those without a hospital delivery were included as having unknown outcomes. Prenatally diagnosed defects were classified as definite or possible based on the certainty of the prenatal description. For 1995-2004, we calculated minimum and maximum adjusted defect prevalences by adding definite prenatal defects, and definite plus possible prenatal defects, to the hospital-based cases. RESULTS: We identified 1009 pregnancies with a prenatally diagnosed defect not ascertained from MACDP hospital sources. Including these increased the total defect prevalence from 28 per 1000 live births to a minimum of 29.94 (6.9% increase) and maximum of 30.14 (7.7% increase) per 1000. The minimum increase was greater than 50% for conjoined twins, triploidy, craniorachischisis, cystic hygroma, Klinefelter syndrome, anencephaly, Turner syndrome, and trisomies 13, 18 and 21 among mothers >= 35. CONCLUSIONS: These data reflect the variety of congenital abnormalities that can be detected prenatally and the importance of including prenatal diagnoses in birth defects monitoring data. Birth defects monitoring programs should assess individually the extent to which prenatal diagnosis can affect the accuracy and completeness of their data. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:20-29, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Cragan, Janet D.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cragan, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS E-86,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JCragan@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1002/bdra.20508 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 400YH UT WOS:000262904800004 PM 19089857 ER PT J AU Werler, MM Bosco, JLF Shapira, SK AF Werler, Martha M. Bosco, Jaclyn L. F. Shapira, Stuart K. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevent Study TI Maternal Vasoactive Exposures, Amniotic Bands, and Terminal Transverse Limb Defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; amniotic bands; limb defects; smoking; medication; epidemiology ID RISK-FACTORS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MEDICATION USE; SMOKING; GASTROSCHISIS; PREGNANCY; REDUCTION; DEFICIENCIES; ANOMALIES; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: Limb reduction deficiencies that are accompanied by amniotic bands (AB-Ls) and terminal transverse limb deficiencies (TLDs) have each been attributed to vascular disruption; for the former, however, it is not clear if amniotic bands are the primary cause of or are secondary to vascular disruption. If amniotic bands are secondary to vascular disruption, then a shared pathogenesis for each case group might be exhibited by similar risk factors. METHODS: We evaluated maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, parity, pregnancy wantedness, and vasoactive exposures among 139 AB-L and 373 TLD cases, using interview data collected from mothers in 10 states by the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Vasoactive exposures included maternal cigarette smoking and use of decongestants, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and antihypertensive drugs in the periconceptional period. RESULTS: Increased risk estimates were observed for Black mothers (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.1) and nulliparous mothers (2.1; 1.4-3.0) in relation to AB-L, while neither was associated with TLD. Hispanic women (1.4; 1.0-1.9) and those not wanting the pregnancy (1.5; 1.1-2.1) had increased risks of TLD, but not AB-L. Maternal cigarette smoking and aspirin use each increased the risk of AB-L, but not TLD; while decongestants and possibly antihypertensive medications increased the risk of TLD, but not AB-L. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of consistent findings for the two case groups suggests that AB-L and TLD may be distinct entities. The inconsistencies also suggest that these vasoactive exposures may not be markers for vascular disruption or that vascular disruption may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of these two types of limb deficiencies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:52-57, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Werler, Martha M.; Bosco, Jaclyn L. F.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shapira, Stuart K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Werler, MM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mwerler@slone.bu.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Child Health and Human Development [R01-HD051804] FX Grant sponsor: A cooperative agreement from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and R01-HD051804 from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1002/bdra.20524 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 400YH UT WOS:000262904800008 PM 19067400 ER PT J AU Lin, AE Rasmussen, SA Scheuerle, A Stevenson, RE AF Lin, Angela E. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Scheuerle, Angela Stevenson, Roger E. TI Clinical Geneticists in Birth Defects Surveillance and Epidemiology Research Programs: Past, Present and Future Roles SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE birth defects monitoring program; classification; coding; surveillance system; syndrome delineation ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; NEWBORN-INFANTS; MINOR ANOMALIES; UNITED-STATES; FOLIC-ACID; PREVENTION; MALFORMATIONS AB Clinical geneticists have contributed to the creation and operation of birth defects surveillance systems and epidemiology research programs. Over the years, many continue to assist the multidisciplinary staff at state-based and regional programs, national networks, and international databases. Currently, all centers participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study include a clinical geneticist, which has increased awareness of this role. It is generally assumed that the medical skills and expertise acquired from clinical practice of a clinical geneticist can assist in the tasks of record review, case classification, coding, staff education, peer networking, and research, but these activities have not been formally reviewed. To increase the general knowledge base, this article used the framework of an historical descriptive review focusing on a sample of birth defects surveillance systems presented as illustrative case studies. We examined the contribution of clinical geneticists to a sample of epidemiologic research studies from each program. Looking to the future, we discuss the education of other clinical geneticists, the need to evaluate performance, and the geneticist's participation with other public health colleagues in the shared goal of birth defects prevention. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:69-75, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Lin, Angela E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Lin, Angela E.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Massachusetts Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Massachusetts Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Boston, MA USA. [Lin, Angela E.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Act Malformat Surveillance Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Scheuerle, Angela] Tessarae Genet, Dallas, TX USA. [Scheuerle, Angela] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Stevenson, Roger E.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. RP Lin, AE (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, 185 Cambridge St,Simches 2222, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM lin.angela@mgh.harvard.edu FU Massachusetts Department Of Public Health, Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention [U50/CCU 1132247/09] FX Grant sponsors: Massachusetts Department Of Public Health, Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention (#U50/CCU 1132247/09). NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1002/bdra.20548 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 400YH UT WOS:000262904800011 PM 19107957 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Erickson, JD Reef, SE Ross, DS AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Erickson, J. David Reef, Susan E. Ross, Danielle S. TI Teratology: From Science to Birth Defects Prevention SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE congenital rubella syndrome; cytomegalovirus; fetal alcohol syndrome; folic acid; neural tube defects; prevention; vaccine ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; UNITED-STATES; RUBELLA SYNDROME AB One of the goals of birth defects research is to better understand risk or preventive factors for birth defects so that strategies for prevention can be developed. In this article, we have selected four areas of birth defects research that have led to the development of prevention strategies. These areas include rubella virus as a cause of congenital rubella syndrome, folic acid as a preventive factor for neural tube defects, cytomegalovirus infection as a cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities, and alcohol as a cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. For each of these areas, we review key clinical and research findings that led to the identification of the risk or preventive factor, milestones in the development of prevention strategies, and the progress made thus far toward prevention. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:82-92, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Erickson, J. David; Ross, Danielle S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reef, Susan E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov NR 164 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1002/bdra.20506 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 400YH UT WOS:000262904800013 PM 19067401 ER PT S AU Mellor, PS Carpenter, S White, DM AF Mellor, Philip S. Carpenter, Simon White, David M. BE Mellor, PS Baylis, M Mertens, PPC TI Bluetongue virus in the insect host SO BLUETONGUE SE Biology of Animal Infections LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; CORE PROTEIN VP7; VECTOR COMPETENCE; ORAL INFECTION; ARBOVIRUS VECTORS; UNIQUE FEATURES; MIDGES DIPTERA; BITING MIDGES; C-IMICOLA C1 [Mellor, Philip S.; Carpenter, Simon] AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. [White, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DVRD Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Mellor, PS (reprint author), AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. NR 126 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1572-4271 BN 978-0-08-091897-6 J9 BIOL ANIM INFECT PY 2009 BP 295 EP 320 DI 10.1016/B978-012369368-6.50018-6 PG 26 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BGE44 UT WOS:000322549300016 ER PT J AU Froen, JF Gordijn, SJ Abdel-Aleem, H Bergsjo, P Betran, A Duke, CW Fauveau, V Flenady, V Hinderaker, SG Hofmeyr, GJ Jokhio, AH Lawn, J Lumbiganon, P Merialdi, M Pattinson, R Shankar, A AF Froen, J. Frederik Gordijn, Sanne J. Abdel-Aleem, Hany Bergsjo, Per Betran, Ana Duke, Charles W. Fauveau, Vincent Flenady, Vicki Hinderaker, Sven Gudmund Hofmeyr, G. Justus Jokhio, Abdul Hakeem Lawn, Joy Lumbiganon, Pisake Merialdi, Mario Pattinson, Robert Shankar, Anuraj TI Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - Issues in data collection for stillbirths SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Stillbirths need to count. They constitute the majority of the world's perinatal deaths and yet, they are largely invisible. Simply counting stillbirths is only the first step in analysis and prevention. From a public health perspective, there is a need for information on timing and circumstances of death, associated conditions and underlying causes, and availability and quality of care. This information will guide efforts to prevent stillbirths and improve quality of care. Discussion: In this report, we assess how different definitions and limits in registration affect data capture, and we discuss the specific challenges of stillbirth registration, with emphasis on implementation. We identify what data need to be captured, we suggest a dataset to cover core needs in registration and analysis of the different categories of stillbirths with causes and quality indicators, and we illustrate the experience in stillbirth registration from different cultural settings. Finally, we point out gaps that need attention in the International Classification of Diseases and review the qualities of alternative systems that have been tested in low- and middle-income settings. Summary: Obtaining high-quality data will require consistent definitions for stillbirths, systematic population-based registration, better tools for surveys and verbal autopsies, capacity building and training in procedures to identify causes of death, locally adapted quality indicators, improved classification systems, and effective registration and reporting systems. C1 [Froen, J. Frederik] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. [Gordijn, Sanne J.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Abdel-Aleem, Hany] Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Assiut, Egypt. [Bergsjo, Per] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Chron Dis, Oslo, Norway. [Betran, Ana; Merialdi, Mario] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Duke, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fauveau, Vincent] United Nations Populat Fund, Reprod Hlth Branch, Geneva, Switzerland. [Flenady, Vicki] Univ Queensland, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Flenady, Vicki] Mater Mothers Res Ctr, Mater Hlth Serv, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Hinderaker, Sven Gudmund] Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway. [Hofmeyr, G. Justus] Univ Witwatersrand, Eastern Cape Dept Hlth, Effect Care Res Unit, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Hofmeyr, G. Justus] Univ Ft Hare, Cape Dept Hlth, Effect Care Res Unit, Alice, South Africa. [Lawn, Joy] Saving Newborn Lives, Cape Town, South Africa. [Jokhio, Abdul Hakeem] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. [Lumbiganon, Pisake] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Pattinson, Robert] Univ Pretoria, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Shankar, Anuraj] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Froen, JF (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, POB 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM frederik.froen@fhi.no; s.j.gordijn@og.umcg.nl; hany.abdelaleem@yahoo.com; per.bergsjo@fhi.no; betrana@who.int; cji7@cdc.gov; fauveau@unfpa.org; vicki.flenady@mater.org.au; sven.hinderaker@cih.uib.no; gjh@global.co.za; hakeem.jokhio@aku.edu; joylawn@yahoo.co.uk; pisake@kku.ac.th; merialdim@who.int; robert.pattinson@up.ac.za; ashankar@hsph.harvard.edu RI Flenady, Vicki/O-9609-2014; OI Froen Froen, Jahn Frederik/0000-0001-9390-8509 FU International Stillbirth Alliance; Department for Making Pregnancy Safer; Department for Reproductive Health FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the International Stillbirth Alliance and the Departments for Making Pregnancy Safer and Reproductive Health and Research in facilitating the collaboration of the research team. NR 99 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PY 2009 VL 9 AR 58 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-9-58 PG 17 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V19YE UT WOS:000208106900058 PM 20017922 ER PT J AU Froen, JF Pinar, H Flenady, V Bahrin, S Charles, A Chauke, L Day, K Duke, CW Facchinetti, F Fretts, RC Gardener, G Gilshenan, K Gordijn, SJ Gordon, A Guyon, G Harrison, C Koshy, R Pattinson, RC Petersson, K Russell, L Saastad, E Smith, GCS Torabi, R AF Froen, J. Frederik Pinar, Halit Flenady, Vicki Bahrin, Safiah Charles, Adrian Chauke, Lawrence Day, Katie Duke, Charles W. Facchinetti, Fabio Fretts, Ruth C. Gardener, Glenn Gilshenan, Kristen Gordijn, Sanne J. Gordon, Adrienne Guyon, Grace Harrison, Catherine Koshy, Rachel Pattinson, Robert C. Petersson, Karin Russell, Laurie Saastad, Eli Smith, Gordon C. S. Torabi, Rozbeh TI Causes of death and associated conditions (Codac) - a utilitarian approach to the classification of perinatal deaths SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article ID STILLBIRTH RATES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; AUDIT AB A carefully classified dataset of perinatal mortality will retain the most significant information on the causes of death. Such information is needed for health care policy development, surveillance and international comparisons, clinical services and research. For comparability purposes, we propose a classification system that could serve all these needs, and be applicable in both developing and developed countries. It is developed to adhere to basic concepts of underlying cause in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), although gaps in ICD prevent classification of perinatal deaths solely on existing ICD codes. We tested the Causes of Death and Associated Conditions (Codac) classification for perinatal deaths in seven populations, including two developing country settings. We identified areas of potential improvements in the ability to retain existing information, ease of use and inter-rater agreement. After revisions to address these issues we propose Version II of Codac with detailed coding instructions. The ten main categories of Codac consist of three key contributors to global perinatal mortality (intrapartum events, infections and congenital anomalies), two crucial aspects of perinatal mortality (unknown causes of death and termination of pregnancy), a clear distinction of conditions relevant only to the neonatal period and the remaining conditions are arranged in the four anatomical compartments (fetal, cord, placental and maternal). For more detail there are 94 subcategories, further specified in 577 categories in the full version. Codac is designed to accommodate both the main cause of death as well as two associated conditions. We suggest reporting not only the main cause of death, but also the associated relevant conditions so that scenarios of combined conditions and events are captured. The appropriately applied Codac system promises to better manage information on causes of perinatal deaths, the conditions associated with them, and the most common clinical scenarios for future study and comparisons. C1 [Froen, J. Frederik; Saastad, Eli] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. [Froen, J. Frederik; Fretts, Ruth C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pinar, Halit; Torabi, Rozbeh] Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Flenady, Vicki; Gardener, Glenn] Univ Queensland, Mater Mothers Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Flenady, Vicki; Day, Katie; Gilshenan, Kristen] Mater Mothers Res Ctr, Mater Hlth Serv, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Bahrin, Safiah; Koshy, Rachel] Minist Hlth Malaysia, Div Family Hlth Dev, Putrajaya, Malaysia. [Charles, Adrian] King Edward Mem Hosp, Dept Paediat & Perinatal Pathol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Chauke, Lawrence] Kalafong Acad Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Duke, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Facchinetti, Fabio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Mother Infant Dept, Unit Psychobiol Reprod UCADH, Modena, Italy. [Gordijn, Sanne J.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Gordon, Adrienne] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Neonatal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Guyon, Grace] Alberta Perinatal Hlth Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Harrison, Catherine] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Subiaco, WA, Australia. [Pattinson, Robert C.] Univ Pretoria, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Petersson, Karin] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet, Stockholm, Sweden. [Russell, Laurie] Univ Alberta, Univ Alberta Hosp, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Div Anat Pathol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Saastad, Eli] Akershus Univ Coll, Fac Nursing Educ, Dept Midwifery, Lillestrom, Norway. [Smith, Gordon C. S.] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Cambridge, England. RP Froen, JF (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, POB 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM frederik.froen@fhi.no; halit_pinar@brown.edu; vicki.flenady@mater.org.au; safiah@moh.gov.my; adrian.charles@health.wa.gov.au; chaukehl@telkomsa.net; katie.day@mater.org.au; cji7@cdc.gov; facchinetti.fabio@unimore.it; rfretts@vmed.org; glenn.gardener@mater.org.au; kristen.gilshenan@mater.org.au; s.j.gordijn@og.umcg.nl; adrienne.gordon@email.cs.nsw.gov.au; graceguyon@cha.ab.ca; catherine.harrison@health.wa.gov.au; rachelkphilip@hotmail.com; robert.pattinson@up.ac.za; karin.pettersson@karolinska.se; laurie.russell@capitalhealth.ca; eli.saastad@fhi.no; gcss2@cam.ac.uk; rtorabi@wihri.org RI Gibbons, Kristen/J-3429-2014; Facchinetti, Fabio/K-9929-2014; Flenady, Vicki/O-9609-2014; OI Froen Froen, Jahn Frederik/0000-0001-9390-8509; Gibbons, Kristen/0000-0002-5679-0932; Facchinetti, Fabio/0000-0003-4694-9564; Gardener, Glenn/0000-0002-8123-0718; Charles, Adrian/0000-0002-3193-1065 FU Norwegian SIDS; Stillbirth Society FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the International Stillbirth Alliance in facilitating the collaboration of the research team, and to thank the Norwegian SIDS and Stillbirth Society for assisting in funding the development and revision of the Codac system. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PY 2009 VL 9 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-9-22 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V19YE UT WOS:000208106900022 PM 19515228 ER PT J AU Knight, M Callaghan, WM Berg, C Alexander, S Bouvier-Colle, MH Ford, JB Joseph, KS Lewis, G Liston, RM Roberts, CL Oats, J Walker, J AF Knight, Marian Callaghan, William M. Berg, Cynthia Alexander, Sophie Bouvier-Colle, Marie-Helene Ford, Jane B. Joseph, K. S. Lewis, Gwyneth Liston, Robert M. Roberts, Christine L. Oats, Jeremy Walker, James TI Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Several recent publications have noted an increasing trend in incidence over time. The international PPH collaboration was convened to explore the observed trends and to set out actions to address the factors identified. Methods: We reviewed available data sources on the incidence of PPH over time in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the USA. Where information was available, the incidence of PPH was stratified by cause. Results: We observed an increasing trend in PPH, using heterogeneous definitions, in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. The observed increase in PPH in Australia, Canada and the USA was limited solely to immediate/atonic PPH. We noted increasing rates of severe adverse outcomes due to hemorrhage in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. Conclusion: Key Recommendations 1. Future revisions of the International Classification of Diseases should include separate codes for atonic PPH and PPH immediately following childbirth that is due to other causes. Also, additional codes are required for placenta accreta/percreta/increta. 2. Definitions of PPH should be unified; further research is required to investigate how definitions are applied in practice to the coding of data. 3. Additional improvement in the collection of data concerning PPH is required, specifically including a measure of severity. 4. Further research is required to determine whether an increased rate of reported PPH is also observed in other countries, and to further investigate potential risk factors including increased duration of labor, obesity and changes in second and third stage management practice. 5. Training should be provided to all staff involved in maternity care concerning assessment of blood loss and the monitoring of women after childbirth. This is key to reducing the severity of PPH and preventing any adverse outcomes. 6. Clinicians should be more vigilant given the possibility that the frequency and severity of PPH has in fact increased. This applies particularly to small hospitals with relatively few deliveries where management protocols may not be defined adequately and drugs or equipment may not be on hand to deal with unexpected severe PPH. C1 [Knight, Marian; Lewis, Gwyneth] Univ Oxford, Natl Perinatal Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. [Callaghan, William M.; Berg, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Alexander, Sophie] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Perinatal Epidemiol & Reprod Hlth Unit, Brussels, Belgium. [Bouvier-Colle, Marie-Helene] INSERM, U149, Paris, France. [Ford, Jane B.; Roberts, Christine L.] Univ Sydney, Royal N Shore Hosp, Kolling Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Joseph, K. S.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Lewis, Gwyneth] Dept Hlth, London SE1 6TE, England. [Liston, Robert M.] BC Womens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Oats, Jeremy] Royal Womens Hosp, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Walker, James] St James Univ Hosp, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Joseph, K. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Joseph, K. S.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Knight, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Natl Perinatal Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. EM marian.knight@npeu.ox.ac.uk; wgc0@cdc.gov; cjb3@cdc.gov; salexand@ulb.ac.be; bouvier@cochin.inserm.fr; jford@med.usyd.edu.au; kjoseph@dal.ca; gwyneth.lewis@dh.gsi.gov.uk; rliston@cw.bc.ca; clroberts@med.usyd.edu.au; jeremy.oats@rwh.org.au; j.j.walker@leeds.ac.uk RI Knight, Marian/B-6225-2009; OI Knight, Marian/0000-0002-1984-4575; Walker, James/0000-0002-8922-083X; Ford, Jane/0000-0001-7272-7733; Joseph, K.S./0000-0003-2317-5607 FU Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; National Institute for Health Research National Coordinating Centre for Research Capacity Development; Health Research and Outcomes Network; NHMRC FX The workshop was co-funded by the Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta.; MK is supported by a personal fellowship from the National Institute for Health Research National Coordinating Centre for Research Capacity Development, JF is supported by the Health Research and Outcomes Network, a NHMRC Capacity Building Grant in Population Health Research and CR is supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship. NR 72 TC 200 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PY 2009 VL 9 AR 55 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-9-55 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V19YE UT WOS:000208106900055 PM 19943928 ER PT J AU Kapp, JM Ryerson, AB Coughlin, SS Thompson, TD AF Kapp, Julie M. Ryerson, A. Blythe Coughlin, Steven S. Thompson, Trevor D. TI Racial and ethnic differences in mammography use among US women younger than age 40 SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE Breast neoplasms; Health services accessibility; Mammography; Mass screening; Practice guidelines ID OVARIAN-CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC RISK-ASSESSMENT; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; FOLLOW-UP; PHYSICIAN RECOMMENDATION; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN AB Objective Evidence-based recommendations for routine breast cancer screening suggest that women begin mammography at age 40, although some women receive a mammogram before that age. Little is known about mammography use among younger women, especially with respect to race and ethnicity. Methods We used data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey to examine racial/ethnic differences in mammography use among U.S. women ages 30-39. We examined descriptive characteristics of women who reported ever having a mammogram, and used logistic regression to estimate associations between race/ethnicity and mammography use among women at average risk for breast cancer. Results Our sample comprised 3,098 women (18% Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic [NH] black, 69% NH white), of whom 29% reported having ever had a mammogram. NH black women were more likely than NH white women to report ever having a mammogram and receiving multiple mammograms before age 40 among women of average risk. Patterns of mammography use for Hispanic women compared to NH white women varied. Conclusion Findings suggest differential utilization of mammograms by race/ethnicity among women outside current recommendations and of average risk. Future studies should examine the role of practice patterns and patient-provider communication. C1 [Kapp, Julie M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Ryerson, A. Blythe; Coughlin, Steven S.; Thompson, Trevor D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapp, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, MA306 Med Sci Bldg,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM kappj@health.missouri.edu OI Kapp, Julie/0000-0002-6642-9729 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s10549-008-9919-2 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 391KV UT WOS:000262233100016 PM 18264758 ER PT J AU Lund, MJ Trivers, KF Porter, PL Coates, RJ Leyland-Jones, B Brawley, OW Flagg, EW O'Regan, RM Gabram, SGA Eley, JW AF Lund, Mary Jo Trivers, Katrina F. Porter, Peggy L. Coates, Ralph J. Leyland-Jones, Brian Brawley, Otis W. Flagg, Elaine W. O'Regan, Ruth M. Gabram, Sheryl G. A. Eley, J. William TI Race and triple negative threats to breast cancer survival: a population-based study in Atlanta, GA SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY APR 14-18, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res DE African-American; Breast cancer; Race; Survival; Triple negative; Tumor subtypes ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; KI-67 ANTIGEN; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MOLECULAR PORTRAITS; EXPRESSION ANALYSES; PROGNOSTIC MARKERS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION AB Background Breast cancers with a triple negative tumor (TNT) subtype (as defined by lacking protein expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) preclude the use of available targeted therapies and may contribute to poor outcome and to the historically poorest survival observed among African-American (AA) women. This study examines association of the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes with race and breast cancer survival. Methods Breast tumors from a population-based cohort of 116 AA and 360 white Atlanta women aged 20-54, diagnosed from 1990 to 1992 were centrally reviewed and tested by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate survival analyses within subtypes (TNT, ER-PR-HER2+, ER+/PR+HER2+, ER+/PR+HER2-) were conducted using weighted Cox regression and included socio-demographic, prognostic, and treatment factors. Results TNTs were more prevalent among young women and particularly among AA women (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2-2.9), adjusting for age, stage, grade, and poverty index. Overall mortality was higher for AA women (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.9, 95% CI, 1.5-2.5) and differed by subtypes (P < 0.001). Within the TNT subtype, racial differences in survival persisted, after additional adjustment for treatment and comorbidities (HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.7). TNTs were uniquely associated with high expression of p16, p53, and Cyclin E; and low Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 expression. Conclusions The high prevalence of TNTs among younger women and particularly younger AA women, along with unique protein expression patterns and poorer survival, suggests varying gene-environment etiologies with respect to age and race/ethnicity and a need for effective therapies. C1 [Lund, Mary Jo; Brawley, Otis W.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lund, Mary Jo; Leyland-Jones, Brian; Brawley, Otis W.; O'Regan, Ruth M.; Gabram, Sheryl G. A.; Eley, J. William] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lund, Mary Jo; Brawley, Otis W.; Gabram, Sheryl G. A.] Emory Univ, Georgia Canc Ctr Excellence Grady, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Trivers, Katrina F.; Coates, Ralph J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Porter, Peggy L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Flagg, Elaine W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lund, MJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mlund@sph.emory.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA64292, R01CA71735] NR 73 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 EI 1573-7217 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 357 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s10549-008-9926-3 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 391KV UT WOS:000262233100018 PM 18324472 ER PT J AU Ifere, GO Barr, E Equan, A Gordon, K Singh, UP Chaudhary, J Igietseme, JU Ananaba, GA AF Ifere, Godwin O. Barr, Erika Equan, Anita Gordon, Kereen Singh, Udai P. Chaudhary, Jaideep Igietseme, Joseph U. Ananaba, Godwin A. TI Differential effects of cholesterol and phytosterols on cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of a prostate specific gene in prostate cancer cell lines SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Prostate cancer; Caveolin-1; Sterols; Cholesterol; Phytosterols; PCGEM1; Apoptosis; Proto-oncogene; Biomarkers; Chemoprevention ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-SITOSTEROL; CAVEOLIN-1; GROWTH; KINASE; P53; MEMBRANE; RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM AB Background: The purpose of our study was to show the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of phytosterols as distinct from cholesterol effects on prostate cancercell lines, and also their differential expression of caveolin-1, and a prostate specific gene, PCGEM1 Methods: PC-3 and DU145 cells were treated with sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols) for 48 h, followed by trypan blue dye exclusion measurement of cytotoxicity and MTT cell proliferation assays, respectively. Cell cycle analysis was carried out microscopically, and by propidium iodide uptake using flow cytometry. Sterol induction of oncogenic gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Apoptotic cells were identified by immunocytochemistry using DNA fragmentation method, and by annexin V adhesion using flow cytometry. Results: Physiological doses (16 mu M) of these sterols were not cytotoxic in these cells. Cholesterol-enrichment promoted mitosis (54 and 61% by microscopy 40.8 and 34.08% by FACS analysis in PC-3 and DU145, respectively) and cell growth (P < 0.05), while phytosterols suppressed mitosis (29 and 35% by microscopy 27.71 and 17.37% by FACS analysis in PC-3 and DU145, respectively), and significantly induced tumor-suppression (P < 0.05) and apoptosis. We demonstrated for the first time that cholesterols upregulated the expression of PCGEM1 even in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cell lines. Phytosterols reversed this effect, while upregulating the expression of caveolin-1, a known mediator of androgen-dependent proto-oncogene signals that presumably control growth and anti-apoptosis. Conclusions: Phytosterol inhibition of PCGEM1 and cell growth and the overexpression of caveolin-1, suggests that poor disease prognosis anchors on the ability of caveolin-1 to regulate downstream oncogene(s) and apoptosis genes. Sterol intake may contribute to the disparity in incidence of prostate cancer, and elucidation of the mechanism for modulation of growth and apoptosis signaling may reveal potential targets for cancer prevention and/or chemotherapeutic intervention. Sterol regulation of PCGEM1 expression suggests its potential as biomarker for prediction of neoplasms that would be responsive to chemoprevention by phytosterols. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ifere, Godwin O.; Barr, Erika; Equan, Anita; Gordon, Kereen; Chaudhary, Jaideep; Ananaba, Godwin A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Ifere, Godwin O.; Barr, Erika; Equan, Anita; Gordon, Kereen; Chaudhary, Jaideep; Ananaba, Godwin A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Canc Res & Therapeut Dev, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Singh, Udai P.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Igietseme, Joseph U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Pathogenesis Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ifere, GO (reprint author), Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 223 James P Brawley Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. EM gifere@cau.edu FU NIH [5P20MD002285-02, GM08247, A141231] FX This research was supported by NIH Grants#: 5P20MD002285-02, GM08247, A141231. The authors are grateful to Clark Atlanta University RCMI Program and the Molecular Biology Core facility laboratory. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.cdp.2008.12.002 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 425EC UT WOS:000264618800007 PM 19186008 ER PT S AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, G. A. BE Ferdinand, KC Armani, A TI Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors Among Racial/Ethnic Populations in the United States SO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES SE Contemporary Cardiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RACIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; HEALTH DISPARITIES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; AMERICAN-INDIANS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; LIFE EXPECTANCY; WORKING GROUP; US ADULTS; RACE AB Cardiovascular epidemiology plays a fundamental role in the assessment of disease burden and evaluation of health disparities. Although current epidemiologic data have important limitations, they nevertheless provide compelling evidence that racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular health are pervasive and that they contribute to a lower life. expectancy, excess morbidity, and reduced quality of life in several racial and ethnic minority populations. The largest of these disparities is found in race-county comparisons of mortality and summary measures of morbidity. The causes of these disparities are complex. However, established racial and ethnic differences in traditional risk factors and socioeconomic, educational, and environmental determinants contribute to these health disparities. Although stroke and coronary heart disease mortality rates have declined for men and women in all racial and ethnic groups, they remain significantly higher than the national Healthy People 2010 targets in African-Americans. In particular, racial and ethnic disparities associated with these mortality rates have increased, and disparities in access to care and quality of health care persist. Elimination of these disparities, in addition to increasing years and quality of life for all Americans, must remain the overarching national health objectives in the years ahead. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1191-7601 BN 978-1-58829-981-9 J9 CONTEMP CARDIOL JI Contemp. Cardiol. PY 2009 BP 23 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-410-0_2 PG 28 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BKY18 UT WOS:000269606000002 ER PT J AU Komar, N Langevin, S Monath, TP AF Komar, Nicholas Langevin, Stanley Monath, Thomas P. TI Use of a Surrogate Chimeric Virus To Detect West Nile Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Avian and Equine Sera SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; OUTBREAK; HORSES; BIRDS AB A chimeric yellow fever virus/West Nile virus (WNV) was compared to WNV alone as a biosafety level 2 reagent in the plaque reduction neutralization test for determining WNV infection histories. Concordance was 96.3% among 188 avian and equine serum samples. Neutralizing antibody titers were frequently more than twofold lower with the chimera. C1 [Komar, Nicholas; Langevin, Stanley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), CDC, NCZVED, DVBID, ADB, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nkomar@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 134 EP 135 DI 10.1128/CVI.00220-08 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 390IM UT WOS:000262157500019 PM 19005021 ER PT J AU De Jesus, VR Zhang, XK Keutzer, J Bodamer, OA Muhl, A Orsini, JJ Caggana, M Vogt, RF Hannon, WH AF De Jesus, Victor R. Zhang, X. Kate Keutzer, Joan Bodamer, Olaf A. Muehl, Adolf Orsini, Joseph J. Caggana, Michele Vogt, Robert F. Hannon, W. Harry TI Development and Evaluation of Quality Control Dried Blood Spot Materials in Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disorders SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FILTER-PAPER; ENZYMATIC DIAGNOSIS; FABRY-DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise more than 40 genetic diseases that result in the accumulation of products that would normally be degraded by lysosomal enzymes. A tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based method is available for newborn screening for 5 LSDs, and many laboratories are initiating pilot studies to evaluate the incorporation of this method into their screening panels. We developed and evaluated dried blood spot (DBS) QC materials for LSDs and used the MS/MS method to investigate their suitability for LSD QC monitoring. METHODS: We incubated 3.2-mm punches from DBS controls for 20-24 h with assay cocktails containing substrate and internal standard. Using MS/MS, we quantified the resulting product and internal standard. Samples were run in triplicate for 3 consecutive days, and results were reported as product-to-internal standard ratios and enzyme activity units (mu mol/L/h). RESULTS: Enzyme activity interday imprecision (CV) for the high, medium, and low series were 3.4%-14.3% for galactocerebroside a-galactosidase, 6.8%-24.6% for acid a-galactosidase A, 7.36%-22.1% for acid sphingomyelinase, 6.2%-26.2% for acid alpha-glucocere-brosidase, and 7.0%-24.8% for lysosomal acid a-glucosidase (n = 9). In addition, DBS stored at -20 degrees and 4 degrees C showed minimal enzyme activity loss over a 187-d period. DBS stored at 37 degrees and 45 degrees C had lower activity values over the 187-day evaluation time. CONCLUSIONS: Suitable QC materials for newborn screening of LSDs were developed for laboratories performing DBS LSD screening. Good material linearity was observed, with goodness-of-fit values of 0.953 and higher. The QC materials may be used by screening laboratories that perform LSD analysis by MS and/or more conventional fluorescence-based screening methods. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [De Jesus, Victor R.; Vogt, Robert F.; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening & Mol Biol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhang, X. Kate; Keutzer, Joan] Genzyme, Framingham, MA USA. [Bodamer, Olaf A.; Muehl, Adolf] Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Biochem & Paediat Genet, Vienna, Austria. [Orsini, Joseph J.; Caggana, Michele] Wadsworth Ctr, New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP De Jesus, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening & Mol Biol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdejesus@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.111864 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 392LJ UT WOS:000262303900023 PM 18988750 ER PT J AU MacNeil, A Reynolds, MG Braden, Z Carroll, DS Bostik, V Karem, K Smith, SK Davidson, W Li, Y Moundeli, A Mombouli, JV Jumaan, AO Schmid, DS Regnery, RL Damon, IK AF MacNeil, Adam Reynolds, Mary G. Braden, Zach Carroll, Darin S. Bostik, Vanda Karem, Kevin Smith, Scott K. Davidson, Whitni Li, Yu Moundeli, Amba Mombouli, Jean-Vivien Jumaan, Aisha O. Schmid, D. Scott Regnery, Russell L. Damon, Inger K. TI Transmission of Atypical Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections Involving Palm and Sole Manifestations in an Area with Monkeypox Endemicity SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; CONGO AB During a suspected monkeypox outbreak in the Republic of Congo, we documented transmission of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection with palm and sole manifestations among 5 family members. Genotyping results confirmed the VZV strain European E2, a genotype not previously reported in Africa. VZV with palm and sole involvement should be considered when differentiating a monkeypox diagnosis. C1 [MacNeil, Adam; Reynolds, Mary G.; Braden, Zach; Carroll, Darin S.; Karem, Kevin; Smith, Scott K.; Davidson, Whitni; Li, Yu; Regnery, Russell L.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bostik, Vanda; Jumaan, Aisha O.; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moundeli, Amba] Impfondo, Brazzaville, Congo. [Mombouli, Jean-Vivien] Nat Lab, Brazzaville, Congo. RP MacNeil, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aho3@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funded entirely by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP E6 EP E8 DI 10.1086/595552 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 381OW UT WOS:000261546800023 PM 19025497 ER PT J AU Melekhin, VV Karem, KL Damon, IK Bloch, KC AF Melekhin, Vlada V. Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. Bloch, Karen C. TI Encephalitis after Secondary Smallpox Vaccination SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MONKEYPOX INFECTION AB We describe a case of post-secondary vaccination encephalitis in a smallpox vaccine recipient and discuss detection of intrathecal antibody to vaccinia virus as a potential diagnostic test. C1 [Melekhin, Vlada V.; Bloch, Karen C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Karem, Kevin L.; Damon, Inger K.] Poxvirus Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Melekhin, VV (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 1161 21st Ave S,A-2200,Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM vlada.melekhin@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award Institutional Research [T32 AI07474-10]; Emerging Infections Program [U50/CCU416123-09] FX National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Grant (T32 AI07474-10 to V. V. M.) and Emerging Infections Program cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCU416123-09 to K. C.B.). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP E1 EP E2 DI 10.1086/595555 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 381OW UT WOS:000261546800022 PM 19025490 ER PT J AU Kleiman, RJ Schwartz, MD Nickle, RA AF Kleiman, R. J. Schwartz, M. D. Nickle, R. A. TI Fatal Occupational Methanol Toxicity after Confined Space Entry in Two Freighter Crewmembers SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kleiman, R. J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kleiman, R. J.; Schwartz, M. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kleiman, R. J.; Schwartz, M. D.] Georgia Poison Control Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nickle, R. A.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 43 BP 710 EP 711 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600058 ER PT J AU Mortensen, ME Caldwell, KL Caudill, SP Osterloh, JD Jones, RL AF Mortensen, M. E. Caldwell, K. L. Caudill, S. P. Osterloh, J. D. Jones, R. L. TI Blood Mercury Concentrations in the US Population, 1999-2006 SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mortensen, M. E.; Caldwell, K. L.; Caudill, S. P.; Osterloh, J. D.; Jones, R. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 58 BP 714 EP 714 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600073 ER PT J AU Thomas, JD Skinner, CG Mortensen, ME Osterloh, JD AF Thomas, J. D. Skinner, C. G. Mortensen, M. E. Osterloh, J. D. TI Estimation of Melamine Intake by Chinese Infants SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, J. D.; Skinner, C. G.; Mortensen, M. E.; Osterloh, J. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 116 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600131 ER PT J AU Bronstein, AC Rhodes, MB Tokars, JI Savel, T Stinn, JF Worthen, KW AF Bronstein, A. C. Rhodes, M. B. Tokars, J., I Savel, T. Stinn, J. F. Worthen, K. W. TI Creation of a Secure Web Service To Visualize Poison Center Data for Nationwide Biosurveillance SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bronstein, A. C.] Amer Assoc Poison Control Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. [Rhodes, M. B.; Tokars, J., I; Savel, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stinn, J. F.] Bearingpoint Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Worthen, K. W.] Ciber Inc, Mclean, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 234 BP 750 EP 750 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600249 ER PT J AU Skinner, CG Wolkin, A Bronstein, AC Cooper, CG Thomas, R Thomas, JD Schier, JG AF Skinner, C. G. Wolkin, A. Bronstein, A. C. Cooper, C. G. Thomas, R. Thomas, J. D. Schier, J. G. TI Tracking Melamine Exposure Calls Via the National Poison Data System SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Skinner, C. G.; Wolkin, A.; Cooper, C. G.; Thomas, J. D.; Schier, J. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bronstein, A. C.; Thomas, R.] Amer Assoc, Poison Control Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 277 BP 758 EP 758 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600292 ER PT J AU de Carvalho, MJ Pimenta, FC Hayashida, M Gir, E da Silva, AM Barbosa, CP Canini, SRMD Santiago, S AF de Carvalho, Milton Jorge Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina Hayashida, Miyeko Gir, Elucir da Silva, Adriana Maria Barbosa, Caio Parente Marin da Silva Canini, Silvia Rita Santiago, Silvana TI PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT AND METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE S. AUREUS IN THE SALIVA OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SO CLINICS LA English DT Article DE S. aureus; Methicillin resistance; Occupational risk; Hospital infection; Exposure to biological agents ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CARE WORKERS; CARRIAGE; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; MECHANISMS; PROGRAM AB INTRODUCTION: S. aureus is one of the main agents of nosocomial infection and is sometimes difficult to treat with currently available active antimicrobials. PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as the MRSA antimicrobial susceptibility profile isolated in the saliva of health professionals at a large public education hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The project was approved by the research and ethics committee of the institution under study. Three samples of saliva from 340 health professionals were collected. The saliva analysis used to identify S. aureus was based on mannitol fermentation tests, catalase production, coagulase, DNAse, and lecithinase. In order to detect MRSA, samples were submitted to the disk diffusion test and the oxacillin agar screening test. In order to identify the minimum inhibitory concentration, the Etest (R) technique was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSSA was 43.5% (148/340), and MRSA was 4.1% (14/340). MRSA detected by the diffusion disk test, was 100% resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, 92.9% resistant to erythromycin, 57.1% resistant to clindamycin, 42.9% resistant to ciprofloxacin and 57.1% resistant to cefoxetin. CONCLUSION: This subject is important for both the education of health professionals and for preventative measures. Standard and contact-precautions should be employed in professional practice. C1 [de Carvalho, Milton Jorge; Barbosa, Caio Parente] Coll Med ABC, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. [Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hayashida, Miyeko; Gir, Elucir; da Silva, Adriana Maria; Marin da Silva Canini, Silvia Rita] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Coll Nursing, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina; Santiago, Silvana] Fed Univ Golas, Golas, Brazil. RP de Carvalho, MJ (reprint author), Coll Med ABC, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. EM egir@eerp.usp.br RI Hayashida, Miyeko/E-9834-2013; Canini, Silvia /L-1111-2014 OI Hayashida, Miyeko/0000-0003-2826-676X; NR 37 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU HOSPITAL CLINICAS, UNIV SAO PAULO PI SAO PAULO PA FAC MEDICINA, UNIV SAO PAULO, SAO PAULO, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1807-5932 J9 CLINICS JI Clinics PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1590/S1807-59322009000400005 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 438HM UT WOS:000265546500005 PM 19488585 ER PT J AU Arowojolu, AO Gallo, MF Lopez, LM Grimes, DA Garner, SE AF Arowojolu, Ayodele O. Gallo, Maria F. Lopez, Laureen M. Grimes, David A. Garner, Sarah E. TI Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; 20 MU-G; CYPROTERONE-ACETATE TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; DOUBLE-BLIND; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; SKIN 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; OVULATION INHIBITORS AB Background Acne is a common skin disorder among women. Although no uniform approach to the management of acne exists, combination oral contraceptives (COCs), which contain an estrogen and a progestin, often are prescribed for women. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) for the treatment of facial acne compared to placebo or other active therapies. Search strategy We searched for randomized controlled trials of COCs and acne in the computerized databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE, and LILACS. We also searched for clinical trials in Clinical Trials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We wrote to authors of identified trials to seek any unpublished or published trials that we might have missed. Selection criteria All randomized controlled trials reported in any language that compared the effectiveness of a COC containing an estrogen and a progestin to placebo or another active therapy for acne in women were eligible. Data collection and analysis We extracted data on total and specific (i.e., open or closed comedones, papules, pustules and nodules) facial lesion counts; acne severity grades; global assessments by the clinician or the participant and discontinuation due to adverse events. Data were entered and analyzed in RevMan. Main results The search yielded 25 trials: 7 placebo-controlled trials made 4 different comparisons, 17 trials made 13 comparisons between 2 different COC regimens, and 1 additional trial compared a COC to an antibiotic. COCs reduced acne lesion counts, severity grades and self-assessed acne compared to placebo. Differences in the comparative effectiveness of COCs containing varying progestin types and dosages, though, were less clear. COCs that contained chlormadinone acetate or cyproterone acetate improved acne better than levonorgestrel, although this apparent advantage was based on limited data. A COC with cyproterone acetate might result in better acne outcomes than one with desogestrel; however, the three studies comparing these COCs produced conflicting results. Likewise, levonorgestrel showed a slight improvement over desogestrel in acne outcomes in one trial, but a second trial found the COC groups were similar. Authors' conclusions The four COCs evaluated in placebo-controlled trials are effective in reducing inflammatory and non-inflammatory facial acne lesions. Few important differences were found between COC types in their effectiveness for treating acne. How COCs compare to alternative acne treatments is unknown since limited data were available regarding this question. C1 [Arowojolu, Ayodele O.] Univ Coll Ibadan Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. [Gallo, Maria F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lopez, Laureen M.; Grimes, David A.] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Garner, Sarah E.] Natl Inst Clin Excellence, Appraisals Team, London, England. RP Arowojolu, AO (reprint author), Univ Coll Ibadan Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. EM ayorowojolu@hotmail.com NR 85 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2009 IS 3 AR CD004425 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004425.pub4 PG 95 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471EH UT WOS:000268037800033 PM 19588355 ER PT J AU Chang, CC Singleton, RJ Morris, PS Chang, AB AF Chang, Christina C. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Morris, Peter S. Chang, Anne B. TI Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; ORPHAN DISEASE; EXACERBATION; POPULATION; ALASKA; OLDER AB Background Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections ( e. g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs as a comorbidity and disease modifier in respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD). Respiratory exacerbations in people with bronchiectasis are associated with reduced quality of life, accelerated pulmonary decline, hospitalisation and even death. Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is part of the routine infant immunisation schedule in many countries. Current recommendations for additional pneumococcal vaccination include children and adults with chronic suppurative disease. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine as routine management in children and adults with bronchiectasis in (a) reducing the severity and frequency of respiratory exacerbations and (b) pulmonary decline. Search strategy The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched by the Cochrane Airways Group. Pharmaceutical manufacturers of pneumococcal vaccines were also contacted. The latest searches were performed in November 2008. Selection criteria All randomised controlled trials that utilised pneumococcal vaccine on children and adults with bronchiectasis. All types of pneumococcal vaccines were included. Data collection and analysis Results of searches were reviewed against pre-determined criteria for inclusion. No eligible trials were identified and thus no data was available for analysis. One small non-randomised controlled trial in children was reported. Main results One randomised controlled open label study in 167 adults with chronic lung disease (bronchiectasis and other diseases associated with bronchiectasis) compared 23-valent pneumococcal (PV) and influenza vaccine with influenza vaccine alone (control group). The study found a significant reduction in acute infective respiratory exacerbations in the PV group compared to the control group, OR=0.48 (95% CI 0.26, 0.88); number needed to treat to benefit = 6 (95% CI 4, 32) over 2-years. There was however no difference in episodes of pneumonia between groups and no data on pulmonary decline was available. In another study, a benefit in elimination of Strep. pneumoniae in the sputum was found in a non-randomised trial in children but no clinical effect was described. Authors' conclusions Current but limited evidence support the use of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine as routine management in adults with bronchiectasis. Circumstantial evidence also support the use of routine 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination in children with bronchiectasis. Further randomised controlled trials examining the efficacy of this intervention using various vaccine types in different age groups are needed. There is no data on the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine on pulmonary decline. With the lack of evidence in how often the vaccine should be given, it is recommended that health providers adhere to national guidelines. C1 [Chang, Christina C.] Alfred Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Prahran, Vic 3181, Australia. [Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [Morris, Peter S.] Royal Darwin Hosp, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Ear Hlth & Educ Unit, Darwin, NT, Australia. [Chang, Anne B.] Royal Childrens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Chang, Anne B.] CDU, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), Alfred Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Commercial Rd, Prahran, Vic 3181, Australia. EM ccchang339@hotmail.com OI Chang, Christina Catherine/0000-0003-0109-0725 FU Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Brisbane, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia FX Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Brisbane, Australia.; National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2009 IS 2 AR CD006316 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD006316.pub3 PG 23 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 469DK UT WOS:000267875600052 PM 19370631 ER PT J AU De Silva, M MacLachlan, M Devane, D Desmond, D Gallagher, P Schnyder, U Brennan, M Patel, V AF De Silva, Mary MacLachlan, Malcolm Devane, Declan Desmond, Deirdre Gallagher, Pamela Schnyder, Ulrich Brennan, Muireann Patel, Vikram TI Psychosocial interventions for the prevention of disability following traumatic physical injury SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; SELF-HELP INFORMATION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; REHABILITATION PROGRAM; ANKLE SPRAIN; HIP FRACTURE; BACK-PAIN AB Background Traumatic physical injury can result in many disabling sequelae including physical and mental health problems and impaired social functioning. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the prevention of physical, mental and social disability following traumatic physical injury. Search strategy The search was not restricted by date, language or publication status. We searched the following electronic databases; Cochrane Injuries Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 1), MEDLINE (Ovid SP), EMBASE (Ovid SP), PsycINFO (Ovid SP), Controlled Trials metaRegister (www.controlled-trials.com), AMED (Allied & Complementary Medicine), ISI Web of Science: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), PubMed. We also screened the reference lists of all selected papers and contacted authors of relevant studies. The latest search for trials was in February 2008. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials that consider one or more defined psychosocial interventions for the prevention of physical disability, mental health problems or reduced social functioning as a result of traumatic physical injury. We excluded studies that included patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data collection and analysis Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of search results, reviewed the full text of potentially relevant studies, independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. Main results We included five studies, involving 756 participants. Three studies assessed the effect of brief psychological therapies, one assessed the impact of a self-help booklet, and one the effect of collaborative care. The disparate nature of the trials covering different patient populations, interventions and outcomes meant that it was not possible to pool data meaningfully across studies. There was no evidence of a protective effect of brief psychological therapy or educational booklets on preventing disability. There was evidence from one trial of a reduction in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms one month after injury in those who received a collaborative care intervention combined with a brief psycho-educational intervention, however this was not retained at follow up. Overall mental health status was the only disability outcome affected by any intervention. In three trials the psychosocial intervention had a detrimental effect on the mental health status of patients. Authors' conclusions This review provides no convincing evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of disability following traumatic physical injury. Taken together, our findings cannot be considered as supporting the provision of psychosocial interventions to prevent aspects of disability arising from physical injury. However, these conclusions are based on a small number of disparate trials with small to moderate sample sizes and are therefore necessarily cautious. More research, using larger sample sizes, and similar interventions and patient populations to enable pooling of results, is needed before these findings can be confirmed. C1 [MacLachlan, Malcolm] Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Ctr Global Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. [MacLachlan, Malcolm] Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Sch Psychol, Dublin, Ireland. [De Silva, Mary; Patel, Vikram] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Nutr & Publ Hlth Intervent Res Unit, London WC1, England. [Devane, Declan] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Galway, Ireland. [Desmond, Deirdre] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Psychol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Gallagher, Pamela] Dublin City Univ, Sch Nursing, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Schnyder, Ulrich] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Psychiat, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Brennan, Muireann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP MacLachlan, M (reprint author), Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Ctr Global Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. EM malcolm.maclachlan@tcd.ie RI Desmond, Deirdre/P-5625-2015; OI Desmond, Deirdre/0000-0002-6746-7006; Devane, Declan/0000-0002-9393-7075 FU Health Research Board (Ireland); ESRC/MRC Interdisciplinary Post Doctoral Fellowship; Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Research Fellowship FX This review was supported by a Cochrane Fellowship grant from the Health Research Board (Ireland) to Malcolm MacLachlan.; Mary De Silva is supported by an ESRC/MRC Interdisciplinary Post Doctoral Fellowship.; Vikram Patel is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Research Fellowship in Tropical Medicine.; We thank the Cochrane Injuries Group for assistance throughout the review process, in particular Ian Roberts for comments on the initial review design, Karen Blackhall for conducting the search and Emma Sydenhamand Pablo Perel for support throughout the process. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-493X EI 1361-6137 J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2009 IS 4 AR CD006422 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD006422.pub3 PG 42 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505IQ UT WOS:000270686900044 PM 19821365 ER PT J AU Lopez, LM Grimes, DA Schulz, KF Curtis, KM AF Lopez, Laureen M. Grimes, David A. Schulz, Kenneth F. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG FERTILE WOMEN; 30 MU-G; MINERAL DENSITY; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; DOUBLE-BLIND; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Background Steroidal contraceptive use has been associated with changes in bone mineral density in women. Whether such changes increase the risk of fractures later in life is not clear. However, osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Age-related decline in bone mass increases the risk of fracture, especially of the spine, hip, and wrist. Concern about bone health influences the recommendation and use of these effective contraceptives globally. Objectives To evaluate the effect of using hormonal contraceptives before menopause on the risk of fracture in women Search strategy We searched for studies of fracture or bone health and hormonal contraceptives in MEDLINE, POPLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and LILACS, as well as in clinical trials databases (ClinicalTrials. gov and ICTRP). We wrote to investigators to find additional trials. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials were considered if they examined fractures, bone mineral density (BMD), or bone turnover in women with hormonal contraceptive use prior to menopause. Studies were excluded if hormones were provided for treatment of a specific condition rather than for contraception. Interventions could include comparisons of a hormonal contraceptive with a placebo or with another hormonal contraceptive. Interventions could also include the provision of a supplement versus a placebo. Data collection and analysis We assessed for inclusion all titles and abstracts identified through the literature searches with no language limitation. The mean difference was computed with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a fixed-effect model. Main results We found 13 RCTs, 2 of which used a placebo. No trial had fracture as an outcome but most measured BMD. Combination contraceptives did not appear to affect bone health. Of progestin-only methods, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was associated with decreased bone mineral density, while results were inconsistent for implants. The two placebo-controlled trials showed BMD increases for DMPA plus estrogen supplement and decreases for DMPA plus placebo. Authors' conclusions Whether steroidal contraceptives influence fracture risk cannot be determined from existing information. Due to different interventions, no trials could be combined for meta-analysis. Many trials had small numbers of participants and some had large losses to follow up. Health care providers and women should consider the costs and benefits of these effective contraceptives. For example, injectable contraceptives and implants provide effective, long-term birth control yet do not involve a daily regimen. Progestin-only contraceptives are considered appropriate for women who should avoid estrogen due to medical conditions. C1 [Lopez, Laureen M.; Grimes, David A.] Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schulz, Kenneth F.] Family Hlth Int, Quantitat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lopez, LM (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM llopez@fhi.org FU U.S. Agency for International Development, USA; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USA FX U.S. Agency for International Development, USA. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USA. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2009 IS 2 AR CD006033 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD006033.pub3 PG 61 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 469DK UT WOS:000267875600064 PM 19370623 ER PT J AU Verbeek, JH Kateman, E Morata, TC Dreschler, W Sorgdrager, B AF Verbeek, Jos H. Kateman, Erik Morata, Thais C. Dreschler, Wout Sorgdrager, Bas TI Interventions to prevent occupational noise induced hearing loss SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID STANDARD LABORATORY PROTOCOL; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; FIELD ATTENUATION; PROTECTION DEVICES; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; WORKERS AB Background Millions of workers worldwide are exposed to noise levels that increase their risk of hearing impairment. Little is known about the effectiveness of hearing loss prevention interventions. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions for preventing occupational noise exposure or occupational hearing loss compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library issue 4, 2008); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; NIOSHTIC, CISDOC and mRCT to 15 December 2008. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series (ITS) of non-clinical hearing loss prevention interventions under field conditions among workers exposed to noise. Data collection and analysis Two authors (EK, JV) independently assessed study eligibility and trial quality and extracted data. Main results Twenty-one studies were included. One study evaluated a strategy to reduce noise exposure. Fourteen studies with 75,672 participants evaluated hearing loss prevention programmes (HLPPs), and six studies with 169 participants evaluated hearing protection. The overall quality of studies was low. One ITS study evaluated the effect of new legislation in reducing noise exposure. It found that the median noise level decreased by 27.7 dB(A) (95% confidence interval (CI) -36.1 to -19.3 dB) with a change in trend in time of -2.1 dB per year (95% CI -4.9 to 0.7). A hearing protection study in army recruits compared those exposed to impulse noise with non-exposed recruits. The odds ratio (OR) for hearing loss was 3.0 (95% CI 1.1 to 8.0) despite hearing protection. In four studies, workers in a HLPP had a 0.5 dB HL greater hearing loss at 4 kHz than non-noise exposed workers (95% CI -0.5 to 1.7). In one study, the hazard ratio of hearing loss was 3.8 (95% CI 2.7 to 5.3) for workers exposed to noise compared to non-exposed workers. In three studies, a high quality HLPP had a lower risk of hearing loss than lower quality programmes. Noise attenuation ratings of hearing protection under field conditions were consistently lower than the ratings provided by the manufacturers. Authors' conclusions There is low quality evidence that legislation can reduce noise levels in workplaces. The effectiveness of hearing protection devices depends on their proper use. There is contradictory evidence that HLPPs are effective in the long-term. Even though case studies show that substantial reductions can be achieved, there is no evidence that this is realised in practice. Better implementation and reinforcement is needed. Better evaluations of technical interventions and long-term effects are needed. Audiometric and noise measurement data are potentially valuable for such studies. C1 [Verbeek, Jos H.] Ctr Expertise Good Practices & Competence, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Team Knowledge Transfer Occupat Hlth & Safety, Kuopio 70701, Finland. [Kateman, Erik] Ctr Expertise Hearing & Noise Problems, NL-7007 HC Arbounie, Doetinchem, Netherlands. [Morata, Thais C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sorgdrager, Bas] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Netherlands Ctr Occupat Dis, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Verbeek, JH (reprint author), Ctr Expertise Good Practices & Competence, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Team Knowledge Transfer Occupat Hlth & Safety, POB 93,Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio 70701, Finland. EM jos.verbeek@ttl.fi RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Legarth, Jonas/A-9156-2012; Verbeek, Jos/F-8382-2013 OI Verbeek, Jos/0000-0002-6537-6100 FU Cochrane Occupational Health Field; Cochrane ENT Disorders Review Group for their support FX We would like to thank the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment for the grant received to complete this review. In addition, we would like to thank the Cochrane Occupational Health Field and the Cochrane ENT Disorders Review Group for their support. NR 76 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2009 IS 3 AR CD006396 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub2 PG 72 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 468KK UT WOS:000267816600042 PM 19588388 ER PT J AU Young, LJ Gotway, CA Kearney, G Duclos, C AF Young, Linda J. Gotway, Carol A. Kearney, Greg Duclos, Chris TI Assessing Uncertainty in Support-Adjusted Spatial Misalignment Problems SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Block kriging; Measurement error; Spatial regression; Spatial support; Uncertainty analysis ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; OZONE; REGRESSION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; CITIES; HEALTH; MODEL AB Existing data from multiple sources (e.g., surveillance systems, health registries, governmental agencies) are the foundation for analysis and inference in many studies and programs. More often than not, these data have been collected on different geographical or spatial units, and each of these may be different from the ones of interest. Numerous statistical issues are associated with combining such disparate data. Florida's efforts to move toward implementation of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Program aptly illustrate these issues, which are typical of almost any study designed to measure the association between environmental hazards and health outcomes. In this article, we consider the inferential issues that arise when a potential explanatory variable is measured on one set of spatial units, but then must be predicted on a different set of spatial units. We compare the results from two different approaches to linking health and environmental data on different spatial units, focusing on the need to account for spatial scale and the support of spatial data in the analysis. We compare methods for assessing uncertainty and the potential bias that arises from using predicted variables in spatial regression models. Our focus is on relatively simple methods and concepts that can be transferred to the states' departments of health, the organizations responsible for implementing EPHT. C1 [Young, Linda J.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gotway, Carol A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kearney, Greg; Duclos, Chris] Div Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Young, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ljyoung@ufl.edu FU Florida Department of Health, Division of Environmental Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [5 U38 EH000177-02] FX This publication was supported by the Florida Department of Health, Division of Environmental Health and Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number 5 U38 EH000177-02 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 EI 1532-415X J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2009 VL 38 IS 16-17 BP 3249 EP 3264 AR PII 914076362 DI 10.1080/03610920902947816 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 485TN UT WOS:000269147300046 ER PT J AU Zivkovic, Z Blouin, EF Manzano-Roman, R Almazan, C Naranjo, V Massung, RF Jongejan, F Kocan, KM de la Fuente, J AF Zivkovic, Zorica Blouin, Edmour F. Manzano-Roman, Raul Almazan, Consuelo Naranjo, Victoria Massung, Robert F. Jongejan, Frans Kocan, Katherine M. de la Fuente, Jose TI Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale Elicit Different Gene Expression Responses in Cultured Tick Cells SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; INFECTION; RICKETTSIALES; PATHOGEN; SURVIVAL; INVASION; DISEASE; AGENT AB The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) includes obligate tick-transmitted intracellular organisms, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale that multiply in both vertebrate and tick host cells. Recently, we showed that A. marginale affects the expression of tick genes that are involved in tick survival and pathogen infection and multiplication. However, the gene expression profile in A. phagocytophilum-infected tick cells is currently poorly characterized. The objectives of this study were to characterize tick gene expression profile in Ixodes scapularis ticks and cultured ISE6 cells in response to infection with A. phagocypthilum and to compare tick gene expression responses in A. phagocytophilum- and A. marginale-infected tick cells by microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses. The results of these studies demonstrated modulation of tick gene expression by A. phagocytophilum and provided evidence of different gene expression responses in tick cells infected with A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale. These differences in Anaplasma-tick interactions may reflect differences in pathogen life cycle in the tick cells. Copyright (C) 2009 Zorica Zivkovic et al. C1 [Blouin, Edmour F.; Manzano-Roman, Raul; Naranjo, Victoria; Kocan, Katherine M.; de la Fuente, Jose] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Zivkovic, Zorica] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Utrecht Ctr Tick Borne Dis, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. [Almazan, Consuelo] Univ Autonoma Tamaulipas, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Cd Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Naranjo, Victoria; de la Fuente, Jose] JCCM, UCLM, CSIC, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. [Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jongejan, Frans] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP de la Fuente, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jose_delafuente@yahoo.com RI Manzano Roman, Raul/L-8079-2014; OI Manzano Roman, Raul/0000-0002-0165-2604; de la Fuente, Jose/0000-0001-7383-9649 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain [BFU2008-01244/BMC]; CSIC [200830I249, PA1002025]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [1669]; Sitlington Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research; European Social Fund; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain [FSE 2007-2013]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain FX The authors thank Patricia Ayoubi (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, USA) for technical assistance. This research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain (project BFU2008-01244/BMC), the CSIC intramural project 200830I249 and PA1002025 to JF, the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (project 1669), and the Sitlington Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research (K.M. Kocan, Oklahoma State University). V. Naranjo was founded by the European Social Fund and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Program FSE 2007-2013), Spain. Raul Manzano-Roman was funded by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PY 2009 AR 705034 DI 10.1155/2009/705034 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 485FX UT WOS:000269107700001 PM 19636428 ER PT J AU van der Horst, C Chasela, C Ahmed, Y Hoffman, I Hosseinipour, M Knight, R Fiscus, S Hudgens, M Kazembe, P Bentley, M Adair, L Piwoz, E Martinson, F Duerr, A Kourtis, A Loeliger, AE Tohill, B Ellington, S Jamieson, D AF van der Horst, Charles Chasela, Charles Ahmed, Yusuf Hoffman, Irving Hosseinipour, Mina Knight, Rodney Fiscus, Susan Hudgens, Michael Kazembe, Peter Bentley, Margaret Adair, Linda Piwoz, Ellen Martinson, Francis Duerr, Ann Kourtis, Athena Loeliger, A. Edde Tohill, Beth Ellington, Sascha Jamieson, Denise CA BAN Study Team TI Modifications of a large HIV prevention clinical trial to fit changing realities: A case study of the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition (BAN) protocol in Lilongwe, Malawi SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Mother-to-child transmission of HIV; Breastfeeding; HIV/AIDS; Nutrition, Study design and management; Antiretroviral drugs ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; USE THERAPEUTIC FOOD; LATE POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; HOME-BASED THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HUMAN-MILK; POOLED ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; INFECTION AB In order to evaluate strategies to reduce HIV transmission through breast milk and optimize both maternal and infant health among HIV-infected women and their infants, we designed and implemented a large, randomized clinical trial in Lilongwe. Malawi. The development of protocols for large, randomized clinical trials is a complicated and lengthy process often requiring alterations to the original research design. Many factors lead to delays and changes, including study site-specific priorities, new scientific information becoming available, the involvement of national and international human subject committees and monitoring boards, and alterations in medical practice and guidance at local, national, and international levels. When planning and implementing a clinical study in a resource-limited setting, additional factors must be taken into account, including local customs and program needs, language and socio-cultural barriers, high background rates of malnutrition and endemic diseases, extreme poverty, lack of personnel, and limited infrastructure. Investigators must be prepared to modify the protocol as necessary in order to ensure participant safety and successful implementation of study procedures. This paper describes the process of designing, implementing, and subsequently modifying the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition, (BAN) Study, a large, on-going, randomized breastfeeding intervention trial of HIV-infected women and their infants conducted at a single-site in Lilongwe, Malawi. We highlight some of the successes, challenges, and lessons learned at different stages during the conduct of the trial. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [van der Horst, Charles; Hoffman, Irving; Hosseinipour, Mina; Fiscus, Susan; Hudgens, Michael; Bentley, Margaret; Adair, Linda; Martinson, Francis] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chasela, Charles; Hosseinipour, Mina; Martinson, Francis] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Ahmed, Yusuf; Kourtis, Athena; Tohill, Beth; Ellington, Sascha; Jamieson, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kazembe, Peter] Kamuzu Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kazembe, Peter] Baylor Coll Med Childrens Fdn, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Piwoz, Ellen] Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Duerr, Ann] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Loeliger, A. Edde] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Greenford, Middx, England. [Knight, Rodney] Principia Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP van der Horst, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Infect Dis, 130 Mason Farm Rd,2nd Floor,CB 3368, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cvdh@med.unc.edu FU Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project SIP [SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48DP000059-01]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [NIAID P30-A150410]; DHHS/NIH/FIC [2-D43 Tw01039-06] FX Grant support: This research was funded by the Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09 and SIP 26-04 U48DP000059-01, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: supported by the NIAID P30-A150410 UNC Center for AIDS Research; DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06 AIDS International Training and Research Program and Abbott Laboratories. GIaxoSmithKline, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Roche Pharmaceuticals and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Call to Action PMTCT program has been supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Call to Action and International Leadership Awards. UNICEF, World Food Programme, Malawi Ministry of Health, Johnson and Johnson and USAID. Dr. Kazembe is currently a member of the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative. For more information visit www.thebanstudy.org. NR 73 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JAN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2008.09.001 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 396PO UT WOS:000262603800006 PM 18805510 ER PT B AU Swanson, P Koontz, W Abshire, J AF Swanson, Peter Koontz, Wendell Abshire, Jim BE Tang, C TI SEISMIC NETWORK OPERATIONS AT A DEEP UNDERGROUND COAL MINING DISTRICT IN WESTERN COLORADO (USA) SO CONTROLLING SEISMIC HAZARD AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP MINES: 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ROCKBURST AND SEISMICITY IN MINES (RASIM7), VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines CY AUG 21-23, 2009 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA AB An array of ten triaxial strong-motion stations has been installed on the surface above two underground longwall coal mines in western Colorado (USA). The district-scale network monitors mining-related and natural seismicity throughout an area of approximately 250 square kilometers of rugged canyon-mesa terrain. The real-time automated seismic event monitoring and notification tool features: password-protected Internet access to raw and processed data, web-client software that provides real-time graphical display of event locations, and email and paging notification of high acceleration levels and large magnitude events. This paper describes the network installation and the methods used to collect, process, and distribute seismicity information to its users and gives several examples of the collected data. C1 [Swanson, Peter] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 978-1-58949-058-1 PY 2009 BP 1407 EP 1412 PG 6 WC Ecology; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLU27 UT WOS:000271028900204 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Elam, G Gerver, S Solarin, I Fenton, K Easterbrook, P AF Anderson, Moji Elam, Gillian Gerver, Sarah Solarin, Ijeoma Fenton, Kevin Easterbrook, Phillippa TI Liminal identities: Caribbean men who have sex with men in London, UK SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Association-for-the-Study-of-Sexuality-Culture-and-Society CY JUN, 2007 CL Lima, PERU SP Int Assoc Study Sexual, Culture & Soc DE homosexuality; MSM; Caribbean; homophobia; liminality; heterosexism; UK ID INTERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA; LESBIAN CHRISTIANS; RELIGIOUS IDENTITY; US CITIES; GAY; HEALTH; HOMOSEXUALITY; ATTITUDES; ORIENTATION; INTEGRATION AB Accounts by 10 Caribbean men who have sex with men living in the UK reveal them to be liminal beings with unstable and unresolved identities. They are between social states: aware they are not heterosexual and not publicly recognised, or in some cases self-accepted, as homosexual. Caribbean-born respondents especially suffer from homophobia, expressing regret and disappointment at their sexuality. They may also experience cognitive dissonance - as they are aware of their conflict with the heteronormative order - they cannot resolve. Religion contributes to homophobia and cognitive dissonance particularly for Caribbean-born men, some of whom may believe a fundamental conflict exists between Christianity and homosexuality. Heterosexism and homophobia contribute to and reinforce their liminal state, by preventing transition to publicly recognised homosexual status. Respondents may engage in private and public, internal and external, overt and covert policing of their and other gay men's behaviour: through strategic pretence at heterosexuality and/or condemnation of men engaging in behaviour identifiable as stereotypically homosexual, for example. Narratives point to the need to complexify the conventional understanding of Jamaican heterosexism to explain reported variations in the degree of anti-homosexual hostility in the country. C1 [Anderson, Moji] Univ W Indies, Dept Sociol Psychol & Social Work, Mona, Jamaica. [Elam, Gillian] Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, London, England. [Gerver, Sarah; Solarin, Ijeoma; Easterbrook, Phillippa] Kings Coll London, Dept HIV GUM, London, England. [Fenton, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Sociol Psychol & Social Work, Mona, Jamaica. EM moji.anderson@uwimona.edu.jm FU Medical Research Council [G0200585, ] NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 315 EP 330 AR PII 909661504 DI 10.1080/13691050802702433 PG 16 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 421EF UT WOS:000264340900008 PM 19296309 ER PT J AU Wharton, SB O'Callaghan, JP Savva, GM Nicoll, JAR Matthews, F Simpson, JE Forster, G Shaw, PJ Brayne, C Ince, PG AF Wharton, S. B. O'Callaghan, J. P. Savva, G. M. Nicoll, J. A. R. Matthews, F. Simpson, J. E. Forster, G. Shaw, P. J. Brayne, C. Ince, P. G. CA MRC Cognitive Function Ageing Neur TI Population Variation in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels in Brain Ageing: Relationship to Alzheimer-Type Pathology and Dementia SO DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Gliosis; Astrogliosis; Astrocyte pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Brain ageing ID SENILE PLAQUES; A-BETA; DISEASE; ASTROCYTES; GFAP; AGE; ASTROGLIOSIS; QUANTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS AB Background: The cellular pathology of astrocytes in brain ageing and their role in modulating the brain's response to neurodegenerative pathology remain incompletely understood. Methods: Using quantitative ELISA, we have investigated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the population-based neuropathology cohort of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study to determine: (1) the population variation in the astroglial hypertrophic response, (2) its relationship to the presence of Alzheimer-type pathology, and (3) its association with cognition. Results: Increasing GFAP was found with increasing Braak stage, levels increasing even at early stages. Within Braak stages, GFAP did not differ between demented and non-demented individuals, but there was greater variance in GFAP in the demented. Possession of ApoE epsilon 4 was associated with slightly increased GFAP levels (not significant) for given amyloid beta protein loads. Conclusion: In a population-based sample, increasing gliosis precedes development of Alzheimer lesions. Population variation in GFAP with varying Alzheimer lesion burdens suggests that they are not the only driver for astrogliosis. GFAP was not independently predictive of dementia, but the variation in astrocytic responses may be a factor modulating brain responses to neurodegenerative pathology. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Wharton, S. B.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, Acad Unit Pathol, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. [O'Callaghan, J. P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Shaw, P. J.] Univ Sheffield, Acad Unit Neurol, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. [Savva, G. M.; Brayne, C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Matthews, F.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England. [Nicoll, J. A. R.] Univ Southampton, Div Clin Neurosci, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Wharton, SB (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, Acad Unit Pathol, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. EM s.wharton@sheffield.ac.uk RI Simpson, Julie/C-7914-2009; Shaw, Pamela/A-7620-2010; Ince, Paul/A-5064-2009; Shaw, Pamela/E-6193-2010; Savva, George/E-9670-2011; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Simpson, Julie/0000-0002-3753-4271; Ince, Paul/0000-0001-6677-8753; Matthews, Fiona/0000-0002-1728-2388 FU Alzheimer's Research Trust [PG2006/6]; UK Medical Research Council FX This study was supported by grants from the Alzheimer's Research Trust (PG2006/6) and the UK Medical Research Council. We are grateful to the respondents to the CFAS study, their families and their carers for agreement to participate in the brain donation programme. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-8008 J9 DEMENT GERIATR COGN JI Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1159/000217729 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 446CP UT WOS:000266098300009 PM 19420941 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL Weber, MK Denny, C O'Connor, MJ AF Floyd, R. Louise Weber, Mary Kate Denny, Clark O'Connor, Mary J. TI PREVENTION OF FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE pregnancy and alcohol; fetal alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; alcohol use screening; brief intervention; alcohol-exposed pregnancies ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BEHAVIORAL-COUNSELING INTERVENTIONS; IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; PRIMARY-CARE; CHILDBEARING AGE; UNITED-STATES; NONPREGNANT WOMEN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HEAVY DRINKING; WARNING LABEL AB Alcohol use among women of childbearing age is a leading, preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States. Although most women reduce their alcohol use upon pregnancy recognition, some women report drinking during pregnancy and others may continue to drink prior to realizing they are pregnant, These findings emphasize the need for effective prevention strategies for both pregnant and nonpregnant women who might be at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). This report reviews evidence supporting alcohol screening and brief intervention as an effective approach to reducing problem drinking and AEPs that can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In addition, this article highlights a recent report of the National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect that describes effective interventions to reduce alcohol use and AEPs, and outlines recommendations on promoting and improving these strategies. Utilizing evidence-based alcohol screening tools and brief counseling for women at risk for an AEP and other effective population-based strategies can help achieve future alcohol-free pregnancies. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:193-199. C1 [Floyd, R. Louise; Weber, Mary Kate; Denny, Clark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, NCBDDD, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Connor, Mary J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, NCBDDD, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rlf3@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1940-5510 EI 1940-5529 J9 DEV DISABIL RES REV JI Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1002/ddrr.75 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 497BT UT WOS:000270030100004 PM 19731392 ER PT J AU Funnel, MM Brown, TL Childs, BP Haas, LB Hosey, GM Jensen, B Maryniuk, M Peyrot, M Piette, JD Reader, D Diminerio, LM Weinger, K Weiss, MA AF Funnel, Martha M. Brown, Tammy L. Childs, Belinda P. Haas, Linda B. Hosey, Gwen M. Jensen, Brain Maryniuk, Melinda Peyrot, Mark Piette, John D. Reader, Diane Diminerio, Linda M. Weinger, Katie Weiss, Michael A. TI National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; COMPLICATIONS TRIAL; PATIENT EDUCATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; COMMUNITY-HEALTH; CHRONIC ILLNESS C1 [Funnel, Martha M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Med Educ, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Tammy L.] Indiana Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Childs, Belinda P.] MidAmer Diabet Diabet Translat, Wichita, KS USA. [Haas, Linda B.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Hosey, Gwen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jensen, Brain] Lakeshore Apothacare, Two Rivers, WI USA. [Maryniuk, Melinda; Weinger, Katie] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Peyrot, Mark] Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Piette, John D.] VA Ann Arbor Hlth Care Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Piette, John D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reader, Diane] Int Diabet Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Diminerio, Linda M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Inst Diabet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Weiss, Michael A.] Patient Centered Solut, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Funnel, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Med Educ, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mfunnell@umich.edu RI McDowell, Joan/H-3159-2014 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [NIH5P60, DK20572, 1 R18 0K062323] FX Work on this article was supported in part by grant nos, NIH5P60 DK20572 and 1 R18 0K062323 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Of the National Institutes of Health.; The Task Force gratefully acknowledges the assistance and Support of Pauhna MD, CDE, of the American Diabetes Association; Lon Porter, MBA, RD, CAE, Of the American Association of Diabetes Educators; and Karmeen Kutkarni, MS, RD, BC-ADM, Past President, Health Care and Education of the Arrierican Diabetes Association; Malinda Peeples, MS, PN, CDE, Past President of the American Association of Diabetes Educators; and Carole' Mensing, RN, MA, CDE, for their insights and helpful suggestions.; We also gratefully acknowledge the work of the previous Task Force for the National Standards for DSME: Carole' Mensing, RN, MA, CDE; Jackie Boucher, MS, RD, LD, CDE; Marj. orie Cypress, MS, C-ANP, CDE; Katie Weinger, EdD, RN; Kathryn Mulcahy, MSN, RN, CDE; Patricia BarLa, RN, MPH, CDE; Gwen Hosey, MS, ARNP, CDE; Wendy Kopher, RN, C, CDE, HTP; Andrea Lasichak, MS, RD, CDE Betty Lamb, RN, MSN; MaVOUrneen Mangan, RN, MS, ANP, C, CDE; Jan Norman, RD, CDE; Jon Tanja, BS, MS, RPH; Linda Yauk, MS, RD, LD, CDE; Kimberlyclawn NR 164 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 SU 1 BP S87 EP S94 DI 10.2337/dc09-S087 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 390UD UT WOS:000262188300010 PM 19118294 ER PT J AU Arneson, CL Durkin, MS Benedict, RE Kirby, RS Yeargin-Allsopp, M Braun, KV Doernberg, NS AF Arneson, Carrie L. Durkin, Maureen S. Benedict, Ruth E. Kirby, Russell S. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Braun, Kim Van Naarden Doernberg, Nancy S. TI Prevalence of cerebral palsy: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, three sites, United States, 2004 SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cerebral palsy; Population-based surveillance; Prevalence; Developmental disabilities; Child health AB Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in children and an important public health issue in the United States. The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is a multisite program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine trends in the prevalence of children with developmental disabilities, including CP, in the United States. This report describes population-based estimates of CP prevalence among 8-year-old children in three sites in the United States. Methods: The ADDM Network conducted surveillance of CP among 8-year-old children living in north central Alabama, metropolitan Atlanta, and south central Wisconsin in 2004 (N = 68,272). This multisite collaboration involved the retrospective collection, linking, and analysis of data from multiple service providers and the population census estimates. Results: The average prevalence of CP in 2004 across the three sites was 3.3 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval, 2.9-3.8). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls overall (male/female ratio, 1.4:1). The most common subtype across all three sites was spastic CP, ranging from 85% in Georgia to 89% in Alabama and Wisconsin. Conclusions: Ongoing, systematic, population-based surveillance in different areas of the United States is needed to describe and monitor CP prevalence. In addition, enhancing the surveillance system to include information about functional abilities is needed to better understand the public health impact of CP and strategies for improving quality of life and participation in activities at home and in the community. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Arneson, Carrie L.; Durkin, Maureen S.; Benedict, Ruth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn; Braun, Kim Van Naarden; Doernberg, Nancy S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durkin, MS (reprint author), Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, 1500 Highland Ave,Room S101E, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mdurkin@wisc.edu RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 NR 14 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2008.08.001 PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V18JV UT WOS:000208002000065 PM 21122742 ER PT J AU Jones, GC AF Jones, Gwyn C. TI Health Risks across the Lifespan among Adults with Mobility Limitations: Challenges for Public Health Practice SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, Gwyn C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP E2 EP E2 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V18JV UT WOS:000208002000008 ER PT J AU Jones, GC AF Jones, Gwyn C. TI Comorbidities and Health Risks among Minorities with Sensory Impairments: Need for Public Health Intervention SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, Gwyn C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP E2 EP E2 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V18JV UT WOS:000208002000007 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LB AF Sinclair, Lisa Bundara TI An exploratory crosswalk between the ICF and healthy people 2010 objectives for people with disabilities SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sinclair, Lisa Bundara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD Disabil & Hlth Team, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP E6 EP E6 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V18JV UT WOS:000208002000024 ER PT J AU Valluzzi, J Grosse, S AF Valluzzi, Janet Grosse, Scott TI Racial Ethnic Disparities in Establishing Usual Source of Care among Young Adults With and Without Disabilities, Age 14-28 SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Valluzzi, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grosse, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1936-6574 J9 DISABIL HEALTH J JI Disabil. Health J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP E10 EP E10 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V18JV UT WOS:000208002000037 ER PT J AU Taegtmeyer, M Hightower, A Opiyo, W Mwachiro, L Henderson, K Angala, P Ngare, C Marum, E AF Taegtmeyer, M. Hightower, A. Opiyo, W. Mwachiro, L. Henderson, K. Angala, P. Ngare, C. Marum, E. TI A peer-led HIV counselling and testing programme for the deaf in Kenya SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE HIV; counselling and testing; deaf; Kenya ID HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE; HEARING PEOPLE; DISABILITIES; INFORMATION; SWAZILAND AB Purpose. To describe and evaluate the establishment of the first VCT services for the Deaf in Africa. Method. Operational research methods were used to document programme establishment. The demographics of deaf VCT clients were compared with hearing clients at the same sites as well as where clients had learned of the service, HIV risks, and HIV test results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. Results. During the two year period (January 2004 to December 2005) 1709 Deaf and 1649 hearing clients were seen at three Deaf VCT sites. The majority of Deaf clients in this sample learned of the services through the peer education programme. Data indicate that Deaf VCT clients are as much at risk of HIV from sexual transmission as their hearing counterparts and that Deaf persons seeking VCT services have an HIV prevalence of 7%, similar to the national rate of 6.7%. Conclusions. The Deaf in Kenya are at risk of HIV and there is an urgent need for Deaf-friendly HIV services, supplemented by peer education programmes. This is the first published report describing HIV services run by the Deaf for the Deaf in the developing world. C1 [Taegtmeyer, M.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Taegtmeyer, M.; Opiyo, W.; Mwachiro, L.; Henderson, K.; Angala, P.] Liverpool VCT Care & Treatment, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hightower, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ngare, C.] Natl AIDS & STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Marum, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taegtmeyer, M (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM miriamt2000@yahoo.com FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief FX The authors acknowledge the Deaf clients of VCT services. This work would not have been possible without the commitment of the staff and the Deaf VCT sites and the data department at the Liverpool VCT Centre, Nairobi. A project committee representing the Liverpool VCT Centre, the Nairobi Association for the Deaf, the Kenya Society for Deaf Children, the Ministry of Health and the Kenya National Association of the Deaf was formed and all have made valuable inputs to the programme. Contribution was forthcoming from Benson Anjere and the Kenya Programme of Disabled Persons and from the Kenya National Deaf HIV/AIDS Education Programme. Shilpa Patil and C.Y. Gopinath of Nairobi also provided support. Prince Bahati and Alan Muhari conducted the first VCT training for Deaf counsellors and community mobilisers. Scale-up of VCT services for the Deaf in Kenya was supported by the Government of Kenya and the U. S, DHHS/CDC Global AIDS Program with funding from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8288 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PY 2009 VL 31 IS 6 BP 508 EP 514 AR PII 793647493 DI 10.1080/09638280802133115 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 434RW UT WOS:000265292800009 PM 18608420 ER PT B AU Loeb, M AF Loeb, Mitchell BE MacLachlan, M Swartz, L TI The Effect of Failed States on the Well-Being and Lives of People with Disabilities SO DISABILITY & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: TOWARDS INCLUSIVE GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Loeb, Mitchell] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Loeb, Mitchell] Washington Grp Disabil Stat, Washington, DC USA. [Loeb, Mitchell] SINTEF Hlth Res, Trondheim, Norway. RP Loeb, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mloeb@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-93843-1 PY 2009 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-93840-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-93840-0 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work GA BKW53 UT WOS:000269471700002 ER PT J AU Haber, P Sejvar, J Mikaeloff, Y DeStefan, F AF Haber, Penina Sejvar, James Mikaeloff, Yann DeStefan, Frank TI Vaccines and Guillain-Barre Syndrome SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Review ID B CONJUGATE VACCINE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; ORAL POLIO VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; RABIES VACCINE; YELLOW-FEVER; IMMUNIZATION; SAFETY; ASSOCIATION AB Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in developed countries and is characterized by various degrees of weakness, sensory abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction. Although the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of GBS are not completely understood, it is broadly believed that immune stimulation plays a role in its pathogenesis. Thus, since vaccines have an effect on the immune system it is biologically plausible that immunizations may be associated with subsequent GBS. The objective of this article is to review the current body of evidence that either supports or does not support a causal, rather than just temporal, association between various vaccines and GBS, and to provide an evidence-based review of this issue. The scope of the article includes published reports that,regardless of method of case ascertainment, appeared in peer-reviewed literature between 1950 and 2008. Our review indicates that, with rare exceptions, associations between vaccines and GBS have been only temporal. There is little evidence to support a causal association with most vaccines. The evidence for a causal association is strongest for the swine influenza vaccine that was used in 1976-77. Studies of influenza vaccines used in subsequent years, however, have found small or no increased risk of GBS. Older formulations of rabies vaccine cultured in mammalian brain tissues have been found to have an increased risk of GBS, but newer formulations of rabies vaccine, derived from chick embryo cells, do not appear to be associated with GBS at a greater than expected rate. In an earlier review, the Institute of Medicine concluded that the evidence favoured a causal association between oral polio vaccine and tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines and GBS. However, recent evidence from large epidemiological studies and mass immunization campaigns in different countries found no correlation between oral polio vaccine or tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines and GBS. Spontaneous reports to the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System shortly after the introduction of quadrivalent conjugated meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) raised concerns of a possible association with GBS. Comparisons with expected rates of GBS, however, were inconclusive for an increased risk, and lack of controlled epidemiological studies makes it difficult to draw conclusions about a causal association. For other vaccines, available data are based on isolated case reports or very small clusters temporally related to immunizations, and no conclusion about causality can be drawn. There are certain circumstances in which immunizing individuals, particularly those with a prior history of GBS, may require caution. However, the benefit of vaccines in preventing disease and decreasing morbidity and mortality, particularly for influenza, needs to be weighed against the potential risk of GBS. C1 [Haber, Penina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sejvar, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sejvar, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mikaeloff, Yann] Bicetre Univ Hosp, Pediat Neurol Dept, Paris, France. [Mikaeloff, Yann] Bicetre Univ Hosp, INSERM, U822, Paris, France. [DeStefan, Frank] Res Triangle Inst Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Haber, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PHaber@cdc.gov NR 88 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 7 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 309 EP 323 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 444BF UT WOS:000265954200005 PM 19388722 ER PT B AU Findley, SE AF Findley, Sally E. BE Collinson, M Adazu, K White, M Findley, S TI Dynamics of Space and Time: Community Context of Migration, Livelihoods and Health in the INDEPTH Sites SO DYNAMICS OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS: INDEPTH NETWORK PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; MIGRANTS C1 [Findley, Sally E.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Findley, Sally E.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Findley, Sally E.] INDEPTH Network Surveillance Sites, Migrat & Urbanizat Working Grp, Accra, Ghana. [Findley, Sally E.] Ctr Dis Control, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Findley, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9726-8; 978-0-7546-7875-5 PY 2009 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BA3HG UT WOS:000334254900005 ER PT B AU Adazu, K Feiken, D Ofware, P Onyango, B Obor, D Kiriinya, R Slutsker, L Vulule, J Laserson, K AF Adazu, Kubaje Feiken, Daniel Ofware, Peter Onyango, Bernard Obor, David Kiriinya, Rose Slutsker, Laurence Vulule, John Laserson, Kayla BE Collinson, M Adazu, K White, M Findley, S TI Child Migration and Mortality in Rural Nyanza Province: Evidence from the Kisumu Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) in Western Kenya SO DYNAMICS OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS: INDEPTH NETWORK PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MATERNAL EDUCATION; URBAN MIGRATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; SURVIVAL; DETERMINANTS; INFANT; DIFFERENTIALS; BRAZIL; BANGLADESH C1 [Adazu, Kubaje] CDC, Hlth Demog Surveillance Syst HDSS Unit, Kisumu, Kenya. [Adazu, Kubaje] INDEPTH Migrat & Urbanizat Working Grp, Accra, Ghana. [Adazu, Kubaje] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr Northern Ghana, Navrongo, Ghana. [Adazu, Kubaje; Feiken, Daniel] CDC, Kisumu, Kenya. [Adazu, Kubaje] CDC KEMRI Field Stn, Demog Surveillance Syst Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. [Feiken, Daniel; Laserson, Kayla] CDC, Nairobi, Kenya. [Feiken, Daniel] CDC, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Feiken, Daniel] CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Global Hlth Project Portfolio, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ofware, Peter] KEMRI CDC, Nairobi, Kenya. [Onyango, Bernard] KEMRI CDC KHDSS Program Western Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Obor, David] KEMRI CDC KHDSS, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kiriinya, Rose] KEMRI CDC Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst KHDSS Pr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Slutsker, Laurence] CDC, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Slutsker, Laurence] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Slutsker, Laurence] CDC KEMRI Res Stn Western Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Vulule, John] KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. [Vulule, John] KEMRI CDC Cooperat Agreement, Nairobi, Kenya. [Laserson, Kayla] KEMRI CDC Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Laserson, Kayla] CDC, Int TB Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9726-8; 978-0-7546-7875-5 PY 2009 BP 139 EP 158 PG 20 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BA3HG UT WOS:000334254900011 ER PT J AU Maragalkis, LL Chaiwarith, R Srinivasan, A Torriani, FJ Avdic, E Lee, A Ross, TR Carroll, KC Perl, TM AF Maragalkis, Lisa L. Chaiwarith, Romanee Srinivasan, Arjun Torriani, Francesca J. Avdic, Edina Lee, Andrew Ross, Tracy R. Carroll, Karen C. Perl, Trish M. TI Sphingomonas paucimobilis Bloodstream Infections Associated with Contaminated Intravenous Fentanyl SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMPOUNDING PHARMACY; STERILE PREPARATIONS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; OUTBREAK; FLUSH; CHAPTER-797; BACTEREMIA; HEALTH; FDA AB Nationally distributed medications from compounding pharmacies, which typically adhere to less stringent quality-control standards than pharmaceutical manufacturers, can lead to multistate outbreaks. We investigated a cluster of 6 patients in a Maryland hospital who had Sphingomonas paucimobilis bloodstream infections in November 2007. Of the 6 case-patients, 5 (83%) had received intravenous fentanyl within 48 hours before bacteremia developed. Cultures of unopened samples of fentanyl grew S. paucimobilis; the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was indistinguishable from that of the isolates of 5 case-patients. The contaminated fentanyl lot had been prepared at a compounding pharmacy and distributed to 4 states. Subsequently, in California, S. paucimobilis bacteremia was diagnosed for 2 patients who had received intravenous fentanyl from the same compounding pharmacy. These pharmacies should adopt more stringent quality-control measures, including prerelease product testing, when compounding and distributing large quantities of sterile preparations. C1 [Maragalkis, Lisa L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Chaiwarith, Romanee] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Torriani, Francesca J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Maragalkis, LL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, 600 N Wolfe St,Osler 425, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM lmaraga1@jhmi.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 K01 CI000300, 1 R01 C1000530] FX Dr Maragakis is an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She is also an associate hospital epidemiologist at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Her research interest is healthcare-associated grani-negative infections. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.3201/eid1501.081054 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393AG UT WOS:000262342700003 PM 19116043 ER PT J AU Maggi, RG Kosoy, M Mintzer, M Breitschwerdt, EB AF Maggi, Ricardo G. Kosoy, Michael Mintzer, Melanie Breitschwerdt, Edward B. TI Isolation of Candidatus Bartonella melophagi from Human Blood SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENDOCARDITIS; BACTEREMIA; QUINTANA; PATIENT; SPP. AB Candidatus Bartonella melophagi was isolated by blood culture from 2 women, 1 of whom was co-infected with B. henselae. Partial 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase B, and citrate synthase genes and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated that human isolates were similar to Candidatus B. melophagi. C1 [Maggi, Ricardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Kosoy, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mintzer, Melanie] Generat Family Practice, Cary, NC USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu FU state of North Carolina; Bayer Animal Health; IDEXX Laboratories; Southeastern Center for Emerging Biological Threats FX Dr Maggi is a research assistant professor in the Department of-Clinical Sciences at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. His research interests include development of novel or improved molecular, diagnostic, and culture methods for detection of Bartonella infections in animals and humans. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 DI 10.3201/eid1501.081080 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393AG UT WOS:000262342700014 PM 19116054 ER PT J AU Esona, MD Geyer, A Banyai, K Page, N Aminu, M Armah, GE Hull, J Steele, DA Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Esona, Mathew D. Geyer, Annelise Banyai, Krisztian Page, Nicola Aminu, Maryam Armah, George E. Hull, Jennifer Steele, Duncan A. Glass, Roger I. Gentsch, Jon R. TI Novel Human Rotavirus Genotype G5P[7] from Child with Diarrhea, Cameroon SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; REASSORTMENT; DIVERSITY AB We report characterization of a genotype G5P[7] human rotavirus (HRV) from a child in Cameroon who had diarrhea. Sequencing of all 11 gene segments showed similarities to >= 5 genes each from porcine and human rotaviruses. This G5P[7] strain exemplifies the importance of heterologous animal rotaviruses in generating HRV genetic diversity through reassortment. C1 [Esona, Mathew D.; Hull, Jennifer; Gentsch, Jon R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Geyer, Annelise] Univ Limpopo, Pretoria, South Africa. [Banyai, Krisztian] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. [Page, Nicola] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Aminu, Maryam] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria. [Armah, George E.] Noguchi Mem Res Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Steele, Duncan A.] Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Glass, Roger I.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Esona, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdi4@cdc.gov OI Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch at CDC FX Dr Esona is an associate research fellow in the Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch at CDC. His primary research interest is the molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses. NR 14 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.3201/eid1501.080899 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393AG UT WOS:000262342700019 PM 19116059 ER PT J AU Koonin, LM Cetron, MS AF Koonin, Lisa M. Cetron, Martin S. TI School Closure to Reduce Influenza Transmission SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; INTERVENTIONS C1 [Koonin, Lisa M.; Cetron, Martin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koonin, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lmkl@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.3201/eid1501.081289 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393AG UT WOS:000262342700043 PM 19116082 ER PT J AU Hines, EP Calatat, AM Silva, MJ Mendola, P Fenton, SE AF Hines, Erin P. Calatat, Antonia M. Silva, Manori J. Mendola, Pauline Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites in Milk, Urine, Saliva, and Serum of Lactating North Carolina Women SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; breast milk; lactation; MAMA study; phthalates; saliva; serum; urine ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-PHTHALATE; DIETHYL PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MALE RATS; EXPOSURE; ESTERS; BIOMARKERS; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment, but concentrations in multiple media from breast-feeding U.S. women have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to accurately measure and compare the concentrations of oxidative monoester phthalate metabolites in milk and surrogate fluids (serum, saliva, and urine) of 33 lactating North Carolina women. METHODS: We analyzed serum, saliva, urine, and milk for the oxidative phthalate metabolites mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Because only urine lacks esterases, we analyzed it for the hydrolytic phthalate monoesters. RESULTS: We detected phthalate metabolites in few milk (10%) and saliva samples. MECPP was detected in > 80% of serum samples, but other metabolites were less common (3-22%). Seven of the 10 urinary metabolites were detectable in >= 85% of samples. Monoethyl phthalate had the highest mean concentration in urine. Metabolite concentrations differed by body fluid (urine > serum > milk and saliva). Questionnaire data suggest that frequent nail polish use, immunoglobulin A, and fasting serum glucose and triglyceride levels were increased among women with higher concentrations of urinary and/or serum phthalate metabolites; motor vehicle age was inversely correlated with certain urinary phthalate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that phthalate metabolites are most frequently detected in urine of lactating women and are less often detected in serum, milk, or saliva. Urinary phthalate concentrations reflect maternal exposure and do not represent the concentrations of oxidative metabolites in other body fluids, especially milk. C1 [Hines, Erin P.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERS, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Calatat, Antonia M.; Silva, Manori J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mendola, Pauline] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERS, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch, 2525 Hwy 54,MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 54 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 10 U2 58 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1289/ehp.11610 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900034 PM 19165392 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Akinbami, LJ Woodruff, TJ AF Parker, Jennifer D. Akinbami, Lara J. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Allergies in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE allergy; children; hay fever; ozone; particulate matter ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; INFANT RHESUS-MONKEYS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; FINE PARTICLES; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; TRAFFIC DENSITY; OZONE EXPOSURE; AMBIENT OZONE; LUNG-FUNCTION AB BACKGROUND: Childhood respiratory allergies, which contribute to missed school days and other activity limitations, have increased in recent years, possibly due to environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: In this study we examined whether air pollutants are associated with childhood respiratory allergies in the United States. METHODS: For the approximately 70,000 children from the 1999-2005 National Health Interview Survey eligible for this study, we assigned between 40,000 and 60,000 ambient pollution monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, depending on the pollutant. We used monitors within 20 miles of the child's residential block group. We used logistic regression models, fit with methods for complex surveys, to examine the associations between the reporting of respiratory allergy or hay fever and annual average exposure to particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5), PM <= 10 mu m in diameter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide and summer exposure to ozone, controlling for demographic and geographic factors. RESULTS: Increased respiratory allergy/hay fever was associated with increased summer 03 levels [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) per 10 ppb = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-1.26] and increased PM2.5 (AOR per 10 mu g/m(3) = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.38). These associations persisted after stratification by urban-rural status, inclusion of multiple pollutants, and definition of exposures by differing exposure radii. No associations between the other pollutants and the reporting respiratory allergy/hay fever were apparent. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence of adverse health for children living in areas with chronic exposure to higher levels of O-3 and PM2.5 compared with children with lower exposures. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1289/ehp.11497 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900043 PM 19165401 ER PT J AU MacLehose, RF Olshan, AF Herring, AH Honein, MA Shaw, GM Romitti, PA AF MacLehose, Richard F. Olshan, Andrew F. Herring, Amy H. Honein, Margaret A. Shaw, Gary M. Romitti, Paul A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Bayesian Methods for Correcting Misclassification An Example from Birth Defects Epidemiology SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; ORAL CLEFTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; COTININE LEVELS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PALATE; LIP AB Background: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO) are common congenital malformations. Numerous epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk for orofacial clefts among children whose mothers smoked during early pregnancy; however, there is concern that the results of these studies may have been biased because of exposure misclassification. The purpose of this study is to use previous research on the reliability of self-reported cigarette smoking to produce corrected point estimates (and associated credible intervals) of the effect of maternal smoking on children's risk of clefts. Methods: We accounted for misclassification using 4 Bayesian models that made different assumptions about the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported maternal smoking data. We used results from previous studies to specify the prior distributions for sensitivity and specificity of reporting and used Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to calculate the posterior distribution of the effect of maternal smoking on children's risk for CUP and CPO. Results: After correcting for potential sources of misclassification in data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we found an increased risk of CUP among children born to mothers who smoked during early pregnancy (posterior odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% credible interval = 1.1-2.2). The posterior effect of smoking on CPO provided less evidence of effect (posterior OR = 1.1, 95% credible interval = 0.7-1.7). Conclusion: Our results lend some credibility to the hypothesis that periconceptional maternal smoking increases the risk of a child being born with CL/P. The results concerning CPO provide no overall evidence of effect, although the estimates were relatively imprecise. We suggest that future research should emphasize validity studies, especially those of differential reporting, rather than replicating existing analyses of the relationship between maternal smoking and clefts. We discuss how our approach is also applicable to evaluating misclassification in a wide range of exposure-outcome scenarios. C1 [MacLehose, Richard F.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [MacLehose, Richard F.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Olshan, Andrew F.; Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shaw, Gary M.] Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP MacLehose, RF (reprint author), 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM mac10029@umn.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU422096]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126] FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCU422096) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126). NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818ab3b0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DB UT WOS:000261930800007 PM 19234399 ER PT J AU van Gelder, MMHJ Reefhuis, J Caton, AR Werler, MM Druschel, CM Roeleveld, N AF van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J. Reefhuis, Jennita Caton, Alissa R. Werler, Martha M. Druschel, Charlotte M. Roeleveld, Nel CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal Periconceptional Illicit Drug Use and the Risk of Congenital Malformations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETAL VASCULAR DISRUPTION; PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; LIFE-STYLE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MARIJUANA USE; PREGNANCY; GASTROSCHISIS; ABNORMALITIES; ENVIRONMENT AB Background: In 2004, the Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that 5% of American women reported use of an illicit drug during pregnancy. The results of studies determining the association between periconceptional illicit drug use and birth defects have been inconsistent. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case-control study of major birth defects, and assessed all birth defects categories in which there were at least 250 interviewed case mothers. We included 10,241 infants with major congenital malformations (case infants) and 4,967 infants without major congenital malformations (control infants) born between 1997 and 2003 for whom there was a completed maternal interview with detailed information on prenatal illicit drug use and potential confounders. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the associations between cannabis, cocaine, and stimulant use in the month before pregnancy or during the first trimester (periconceptional period) and the occurrence of selected birth defects. Results: In the periconceptional period, 5% of the 15,208 mothers reported any use of illicit drugs. We did not find associations between illicit drug use and most of the 20 eligible categories of congenital malformations. Periconceptional cannabis use seemed to be associated with an increased risk of anencephaly (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-3.4), whereas cocaine use in the periconceptional period was associated with the risk of cleft palate (2.5; 1.1-5.4). Conclusions: There were very few suggestions of positive associations between periconceptional illicit drug use and the 20 birth defects categories. C1 [van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J.; Roeleveld, Nel] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & HTA, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Caton, Alissa R.; Druschel, Charlotte M.] Ctr Environm Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. [Werler, Martha M.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JReefhuis@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; van Gelder, Marleen/P-9473-2015; Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008; OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; van Gelder, Marleen/0000-0003-4853-4434; Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466; Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818e5930 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DB UT WOS:000261930800012 PM 19057385 ER PT J AU Soud, FA Cortese, MM Curns, AT Edelson, PJ Bitsko, RH Jordan, HT Huang, AS Villalon-Gomez, JM Dayan, GH AF Soud, F. A. Cortese, M. M. Curns, A. T. Edelson, P. J. Bitsko, R. H. Jordan, H. T. Huang, A. S. Villalon-Gomez, J. M. Dayan, G. H. TI Isolation compliance among university students during a mumps outbreak, Kansas 2006 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN DEAFNESS; VIRUS; QUARANTINE; TORONTO; SARS; POPULATION; VACCINE AB A large mumps outbreak occurred among students at a Kansas university in 2006. To reduce transmission, students with mumps were asked to isolate themselves. We describe isolation measures and student compliance with these measures. Questionnaires were administered to students suspected of having mumps. Of the 132 students instructed to stay isolated, 75% stayed isolated for the number of days recommended and were considered compliant. Case-students told to stay isolated for 1-4 days were more likely to be compliant [86% vs. 66%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3-6, 95% CI 1.4-9.0] than those told to stay isolated for 5-9 days. Those who rated avoiding contact with others during isolation as very important were also more likely to be compliant (83% vs. 60% ; aOR 3-6, 95 % CI 1.5-8.4) than those who rated the importance lower. In a college setting, it may be difficult to achieve high compliance with guidelines recommending that persons stay isolated for much longer than 4 days. C1 [Soud, F. A.; Cortese, M. M.; Curns, A. T.; Jordan, H. T.; Dayan, G. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Soud, F. A.; Bitsko, R. H.; Jordan, H. T.; Huang, A. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Edelson, P. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bitsko, R. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Huang, A. S.] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. [Villalon-Gomez, J. M.] Jamaica Hosp, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Family Med Resp Program, New York, NY USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1017/S0950268808000629 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 389CL UT WOS:000262067800003 PM 18387216 ER PT J AU Hall, AJ Bixler, D Haddy, LE AF Hall, A. J. Bixler, D. Haddy, L. E. TI Multiclonal outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections on a collegiate football team SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; SKIN INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; FURUNCULOSIS; STRAINS; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESERVOIRS; CALIFORNIA; DISEASE AB An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and Soft tissue infections (SSTIs) occurred in a college football team in August 2006. Of 109 players on the team roster, 88 (81%) were interviewed during a cohort investigation. Twenty-five cases were identified, six of which were culture-confirmed. Available culture isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which identified two different MRSA strains associated with the Outbreak. Playing positions with the most physical contact (offensive linemen, defensive linemen, and tight ends) had the greatest risk of infection [risk ratio (R.R) 5-1, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.3-11-5. Other risk factors included recent skin trauma (RR 14, 95% CI 0.95-3.7), use Of therapeutic hydrocollator packs (RR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.1-5.7), and miscellaneous training equipment use (RR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.1-4.1). The outbreak was successfully controlled through team education and implementation of improved infection-control practices and hygiene policies. C1 [Hall, A. J.; Bixler, D.; Haddy, L. E.] W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Div Surveillance & Dis Control, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. [Hall, A. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Div Surveillance & Dis Control, 350 Capitol St,Room 125, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. EM ajhall@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1017/S095026880800068X PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 389CL UT WOS:000262067800010 PM 18419855 ER PT J AU Ekinci, O Titus, JB Rodopman, AA Berkem, M Trevathan, E AF Ekinci, Ozalp Titus, Jeffrey B. Rodopman, Ayse Arman Berkem, Meral Trevathan, Edwin TI Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents with epilepsy: Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE Epilepsy; Children; Adolescent; Depression; Anxiety ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; RESISTANT UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY; OPEN-LABEL; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AB Among the psychiatric comorbid conditions in children and adolescents with epilepsy, depression and anxiety disorders require further attention because they carry the risk of reduced quality of life and life-threatening complications (e.g., Suicide). Research in recent years has shed light on both the prevalence of emotional problems in youth with epilepsy and the safety and efficacy of treatment options. A number of challenges exist in treating patients with epilepsy. This is particularly true when seizures are difficult to control and medication regimens are more complex. Some pharmaceutical options may provide assistance with both seizures and emotional distress, but care is needed when considering such treatment approaches. In addition. integration of mental health professionals into the care of patients is necessary when cases are complicated and risk factors are high. Thorough methods to accurately diagnose emotional conditions and regular monitoring of symptoms can help prevent serious problems that can negatively affect the success of children and adolescents in everyday life. Collaboration between disciplines offers the best hope for early identification and treatment of these conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ekinci, Ozalp; Rodopman, Ayse Arman; Berkem, Meral] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey. [Titus, Jeffrey B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Titus, Jeffrey B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Trevathan, Edwin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, CA USA. RP Ekinci, O (reprint author), Yeldegirmeni Sok Rasimpasa Mah 40-13, TR-34710 Kadikoy, Turkey. EM ozalpekinci@yahoo.com RI Titus, Jeffrey/A-3199-2013 OI Titus, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9261-5277 NR 173 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.08.015 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 400NP UT WOS:000262875300003 PM 18804186 ER PT J AU Rice, MS Woolley, SM Waters, TR AF Rice, Martin S. Woolley, Sandra M. Waters, Thomas R. TI Comparison of required operating forces between floor-based and overhead-mounted patient lifting devices SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE back injury; patient lifts; patient handling; patient lifting devices ID NURSING PERSONNEL; BACK-PAIN; INJURY; INTERVENTION AB This study investigated the differences in required push, pull and rotating forces for moving fully loaded, floor-based and overhead-mounted full body patient lifting devices with simulated patients of varying weight on a floor of optimal design (i.e. level vinyl tile over concrete). A single person operated the lifting devices for all of the tests. Eighteen male and female volunteer participants, ranging in weight from 51 to 146kg, acted as patients during the lifting tests. For each test, the simulated patients were pushed and pulled for 3.7 linear metres and were rotated while sitting in the lift slings. Force measurements were acquired using two single axis dynamometers affixed to the lifting devices. Results revealed that, in general, operator input force and torque increased with patient weight category and floor-based lifts required greater force and torque compared to the overhead-mounted lift. Comparison of the required forces with published force limits reveals that the required push and pull force from the various patient lift systems, across all weight categories, were generally acceptable to 90% of the female population. The required forces for these patient transfer tasks, however, could exceed maximum acceptable force limits if the floor surfaces were less than ideal, such as floors composed of carpet, wood, or inclined surfaces. Additional research is needed to assess these conditions. C1 [Rice, Martin S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Occupat Therapy, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Woolley, Sandra M.] Mayo Clin, Div Safety & Secur, Rochester, MN USA. [Waters, Thomas R.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Rice, MS (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Occupat Therapy, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Martin.Rice@utoledo.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 AR PII 909787555 DI 10.1080/00140130802481123 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 423FB UT WOS:000264481100011 PM 19308824 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Kong, YK Lowe, BD Song, S AF Lee, Soo-Jin Kong, Yong-Ku Lowe, Brian D. Song, Seongho TI Handle grip span for optimising finger-specific force capability as a function of hand size SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE optimal grip span; two-handle tool designs; hand size; performance ID STRENGTH; DYNAMOMETER; DIAMETERS; POSITION; DESIGN AB Five grip spans (45 to 65 mm) were tested to evaluate the effects of handle grip span and user's hand size on maximum grip strength, individual finger force and subjective ratings of comfort using a computerised digital dynamometer with independent finger force sensors. Forty-six males participated and were assigned into three hand size groups (small, medium, large) according to their hands' length. In general, results showed the 55- and 50-mm grip spans were rated as the most comfortable sizes and showed the largest grip strength (433.6 N and 430.8 N, respectively), whereas the 65-mm grip span handle was rated as the least comfortable size and the least grip strength. With regard to the interaction effect of grip span and hand size, small and medium-hand participants rated the best preference for the 50- to 55- mm grip spans and the least for the 65-mm grip span, whereas large-hand participants rated the 55- to 60-mm grip spans as the most preferred and the 45-mm grip span as the least preferred. Normalised grip span (NGS) ratios (29% and 27%) are the ratios of user's hand length to handle grip span. The NGS ratios were obtained and applied for suggesting handle grip spans in order to maximise subjective comfort as well as gripping force according to the users' hand sizes. In the analysis of individual finger force, the middle finger force showed the highest contribution (37.5%) to the total finger force, followed by the ring (28.7%), index (20.2%) and little (13.6%) finger. In addition, each finger was observed to have a different optimal grip span for exerting the maximum force, resulting in a bow-contoured shaped handle ( the grip span of the handle at the centre is larger than the handle at the end) for two-handle hand tools. Thus, the grip spans for two-handle hand tools may be designed according to the users' hand/finger anthropometrics to maximise subjective ratings and performance based on this study. Results obtained in this study will provide guidelines for hand tool designers and manufacturers for designing grip spans of two-handle tools, which can maximise handle comfort and performance. C1 [Kong, Yong-Ku] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Lee, Soo-Jin] Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Lowe, Brian D.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Song, Seongho] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Kong, YK (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon, South Korea. EM ykong@skku.edu FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) [R01-2007-000-10915-0] FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) (R01-2007-000-10915-0). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1080/00140130802422481 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 450ZS UT WOS:000266441100007 PM 19424925 ER PT B AU Galinsky, T Hudock, S Streit, JMK AF Galinsky, Traci Hudock, Stephen Streit, Jessica M. K. BE Brinkerhoff, BN TI THE NEED FOR RESEARCH ON ERGONOMICS IN BARIATRIC PATIENT HANDLING SO ERGONOMICS: DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; NURSING PERSONNEL; TRANSFERRING TASKS; CARE FACILITIES; LIFTING DEVICES; BACK PAIN; SAFE; OBESITY; INJURIES; EQUIPMENT C1 [Galinsky, Traci; Hudock, Stephen; Streit, Jessica M. K.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Galinsky, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tgalinsky@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-327-6 PY 2009 BP 223 EP 234 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BKU84 UT WOS:000269298500008 ER PT J AU Chatters, LM Taylor, RJ Bullard, KM Jackson, JS AF Chatters, Linda M. Taylor, Robert Joseph Bullard, Kai McKeever Jackson, James S. TI Race and ethnic differences in religious involvement: African Americans, Caribbean blacks and non-Hispanic whites SO ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE African Americans; Caribbean blacks; religious involvement; immigrants; West Indians; Afro-Caribbeans ID OLDER-ADULTS; CHURCH; PARTICIPATION; PRAYER AB This study examined differences in religious participation and spirituality among African Americans, Caribbean blacks (black Caribbeans) and non-Hispanic whites. Data are taken from the National Survey of American Life, a nationally representative study of African Americans, black Caribbeans and non-Hispanic whites. Selected measures of organizational, non-organizational and subjective religious participation were examined. African American and Caribbean blacks were largely similar in their reports of religious involvement; both groups generally indicated higher levels of religious participation than non-Hispanic whites. African Americans were more likely than black Caribbeans to be official members of their places of worship, engage in activities (choirs, church clubs) at their place of worship and request prayer from others. Black Caribbeans reported reading religious materials more frequently than African Americans. The discussion notes the importance of examining ethnic differences within the black American population of the United States. C1 [Chatters, Linda M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Taylor, Robert Joseph] Univ Michigan, Sch Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bullard, Kai McKeever] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jackson, James S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jackson, James S.] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chatters, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth 3818, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chatters@umich.edu; rjtaylor@umich.edu; hjo1@cdc.gov; jamessj@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG015281, P30 AG015281-10, R01 AG018782, R01 AG018782-05] NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0141-9870 J9 ETHNIC RACIAL STUD JI Ethn. Racial Stud. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1143 EP 1163 DI 10.1080/01419870802334531 PG 21 WC Ethnic Studies; Sociology SC Ethnic Studies; Sociology GA 486UZ UT WOS:000269226800003 PM 20975850 ER PT J AU Wray, RJ McClure, S Vijaykumar, S Smith, C Ivy, A Jupka, K Hess, R AF Wray, Ricardo J. McClure, Stephanie Vijaykumar, Santosh Smith, Christopher Ivy, Andrae Jupka, Keri Hess, Richard TI Changing the conversation about prostate cancer among African Americans: results of formative research SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; communication; decision-making; African Americans ID INFORMED DECISION-MAKING; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; WITNESS PROJECT; WHITE MEN; KNOWLEDGE; HEALTH; COMMUNITY; INFORMATION; DISPARITIES; MORTALITY AB Objectives. To understand obstacles to and opportunities for improving prostate cancer communication to and within African American communities. Design. Researchers conducted interviews with 19 community leaders and five focus groups with healthy men and survivors. The team also conducted process evaluations of two outreach projects in which survivors spoke to African American men about prostate cancer and screening. Results. Three levels of obstacles to prostate cancer screening and treatment were identified. Individual-level obstacles included limited knowledge about the condition, about prevention and treatment, and fear of cancer. Socio-cultural barriers included distrust of the medical system, lack of a provider for routine and preventive care, reluctance to talk about cancer, and aversion to aspects of screening. Institutional deficits included the scarcity of educational efforts targeting prostate cancer. Outreach project evaluations suggested that survivors can be effective in building prostate cancer knowledge, promoting positive attitudes toward screening, and fostering conversations about prostate cancer. Educational efforts included little information about screening risks and decision-making however. Conclusions. The findings suggest that most potent interventions may combine survivor-led education with mass media and institution-based outreach. Such comprehensive programs could shift social norms that inhibit conversation and foster fear, leading in turn to more informed decisions and better treatment outcomes. C1 [Wray, Ricardo J.; Vijaykumar, Santosh; Jupka, Keri] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [McClure, Stephanie] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Smith, Christopher] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv Fellowship, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hess, Richard] St Louis Univ, Med Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Wray, RJ (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM wray@slu.edu FU PHS HHS [U55/CCU721904-02] NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 AR PII 907868394 DI 10.1080/13557850802056448 PG 17 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 395LH UT WOS:000262525100003 PM 19152157 ER PT J AU Siddiqi, A Given, CW Given, B Sikorskii, A AF Siddiqi, A. Given, C. W. Given, B. Sikorskii, A. TI Quality of life among patients with primary, metastatic and recurrent cancer SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE LA English DT Article DE cancer; metastatic cancer; quality of life; sympton severity; physical function ID BREAST-CANCER; SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT; GERIATRIC-PATIENTS; LUNG-CANCER; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY; PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HEALTH SURVEY AB Diagnosis of cancer is an emotionally traumatic event that significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Progression to metastasis or recurrence of cancer after first diagnosis poses a greater threat to life that further increases this emotional trauma and can worsen the QoL. In this research we sought to explore the differences in QoL (symptom severity and physical functioning) experienced by primary non-metastatic (PNM), primary metastatic (PM) and recurrent (RC) cancer patients. Cancer patients recruited in two cognitive intervention trials formed the sample for this analysis. Data were analysed using longitudinal mixed models, with two interaction terms. Least square means were calculated and compared. Over the period of study RC patients reported the worst symptom severity and physical function followed by PM and PNM patients. Primary non-metastatic patients showed a steady decline in severity whereas PM and RC showed slight gains after the first follow-up. Primary non-metastatic patients displayed best physical functioning followed by PM and RC patients, and remained stable over time. Breast cancer patients displayed most variation in symptom severity among the three progression groups, whereas significant variation in physical function among the three groups was observed within all cancer sites. C1 [Given, C. W.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Clin B108, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Given, B.] Michigan State Univ, Family Care Study, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Siddiqi, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, DBD, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM siddiqi@msu.edu FU Family Home Care for Cancer [CA79280]; Automated Telephone Intervention for Symptom Management from the National Cancer Institute [CA030724] FX This research was supported by Grants CA79280 Family Home Care for Cancer, a community-based model, and CA030724 Automated Telephone Intervention for Symptom Management from the National Cancer Institute. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0961-5423 J9 EUR J CANCER CARE JI Eur. J. Cancer Care PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.01021.x PG 13 WC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing; Rehabilitation SC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing; Rehabilitation GA 392DJ UT WOS:000262282800015 PM 19484831 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A Sternberg, M AF Hadgu, A. Sternberg, M. TI Reproducibility and specificity concerns associated with nucleic acid amplification tests for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; INFECTION; ISSUES; ASSAY; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; BIAS AB Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have become one of the most frequently used tests for detecting Chalmydia trachomatis. However, published studies have raised important concerns regarding the NAAT evaluation process in general and their reproducibility and clinical specificity in particular. This is because for many infectious diseases including chlamydia, a true gold standard simply does not exist and, as a result, estimation of test performance parameters in the absence of a gold standard is a difficult and challenging task. In this manuscript, we will attempt to address some issues pertaining to the evaluation of NAATs including NAAT reproducibility, test validity, and the manner in which positive NAAT results are confirmed. Finally, we will discuss some of the potential clinical and public health implications of testing by NAATs. C1 [Hadgu, A.; Sternberg, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ahadgu@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10096-008-0586-3 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 387QZ UT WOS:000261968000002 PM 18642036 ER PT J AU Little, J Higgins, JPT Ioannidis, JPA Moher, D Gagnon, F von Elm, E Khoury, M Cohen, B Davey-Smith, G Grimshaw, J Scheet, P Gwinn, M Williamson, RE Zou, GY Hutchings, K Johnson, CY Tait, V Wiens, M Golding, J van Duijn, C McLaughlin, J Paterson, A Wells, G Fortier, I Freedman, M Zecevic, M King, R Infante-Rivard, C Stewart, AFR Birkett, N AF Little, Julian Higgins, Julian P. T. Ioannidis, John P. A. Moher, David Gagnon, France von Elm, Erik Khoury, Muin J. Cohen, Barbara Davey-Smith, George Grimshaw, Jeremy Scheet, Paul Gwinn, Marta Williamson, Robin E. Zou, Guang Yong Hutchings, Kim Johnson, Candice Y. Tait, Valerie Wiens, Miriam Golding, Jean van Duijn, Cornelia McLaughlin, John Paterson, Andrew Wells, George Fortier, Isabel Freedman, Matthew Zecevic, Maja King, Richard Infante-Rivard, Claire Stewart, Alex F. R. Birkett, Nick TI Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE statement SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Gene-disease associations; Genetics; Gene-environment interaction; Systematic review; Meta analysis; Reporting recommendations; Epidemiology; Genome-wide association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; COMPLEX DISEASES; PROSTATE-CANCER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. C1 [Little, Julian; Moher, David; Hutchings, Kim; Johnson, Candice Y.; Tait, Valerie; Wiens, Miriam; Birkett, Nick] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Little, Julian] Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Higgins, Julian P. T.] MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Epidemiol & Modeling, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gagnon, France] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [von Elm, Erik] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Biometry & Med Informat, German Cochrane Ctr, Freiburg, Germany. [Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Barbara] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Davey-Smith, George] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, MRC Ctr Causal Anal Translat Epidemiol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Grimshaw, Jeremy] Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Scheet, Paul] Univ Texas Houston, Dept Epidemiol, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zou, Guang Yong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. [Zou, Guang Yong] Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [van Duijn, Cornelia] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [McLaughlin, John] Canc Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McLaughlin, John] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Paterson, Andrew] Hosp Sick Children SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wells, George] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Cardiovasc Res Methods Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] McGill Univ, Genome Quebec & P3G Observ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Fortier, Isabel] Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Freedman, Matthew] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Infante-Rivard, Claire] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Stewart, Alex F. R.] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM jlittle@uottawa.ca RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Stewart, Alexandre/A-5677-2011; Grimshaw, Jeremy/D-8726-2013; McLaughlin, John/E-4577-2013; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Davey Smith, George/A-7407-2013; OI Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164; Grimshaw, Jeremy/0000-0001-8015-8243; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; von Elm, Erik/0000-0002-7412-0406; Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105285807] NR 154 TC 25 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10654-008-9302-y PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 407KM UT WOS:000263362000006 PM 19189221 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne Disease Trends and Reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OUTBREAK; MILK C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9990 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 405WC UT WOS:000263253900001 PM 19182964 ER PT J AU Teutsch, SM Bradley, LA Palomaki, GE Haddow, JE Piper, M Calonge, N Dotson, WD Douglas, MP Berg, AO AF Teutsch, Steven M. Bradley, Linda A. Palomaki, Glenn E. Haddow, James E. Piper, Margaret Calonge, Ned Dotson, W. David Douglas, Michael P. Berg, Alfred O. CA EGAPP Working Grp TI The Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) initiative: methods of the EGAPP Working Group SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Evidence-based medicine; review; systematic ID SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; ANALYTIC VALIDITY; RAPID-ACCE; RECOMMENDATIONS; CHALLENGES; STRENGTH; ADULTS; TESTS; RISK AB The Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Initiative, established by the National Office of Public Health Genomics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, supports the development and implementation of a rigorous, evidence-based process for evaluating genetic tests and other genomic applications for clinical and public health practice in the United States. An independent, non-federal EGAPP Working. Group (EWG), a multidisciplinary expert panel selects topics, oversees the systematic review of evidence, and makes recommendations based on that evidence. This article describes the EGAPP processes and details the specific methods and approaches used by the EWG. C1 [Bradley, Linda A.; Dotson, W. David; Douglas, Michael P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Teutsch, Steven M.] Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA USA. [Palomaki, Glenn E.; Haddow, James E.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med Res, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Piper, Margaret] Blue Cross Blue Shield Assoc Technol Evaluat Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Calonge, Ned] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Dotson, W. David; Douglas, Michael P.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berg, Alfred O.] Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bradley, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbradley@cdc.gov OI Piper, Margaret/0000-0002-6231-9653; Dotson, William David/0000-0002-9606-6594 NR 56 TC 313 Z9 322 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e318184137c PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 396JO UT WOS:000262588200002 PM 18813139 ER PT J AU Palomaki, GE Bradley, LA Douglas, MP Kolor, K Dotson, WD AF Palomaki, Glenn E. Bradley, Linda A. Douglas, Michael P. Kolor, Katherine Dotson, W. David TI Can UGT1A1 genotyping reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan? An evidence-based review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE colorectal cancer; UGT1A1; pharmacogenetics; systematic; review ID GILBERTS-SYNDROME; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1A1; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; UGT1A1-ASTERISK-28 POLYMORPHISM; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; BILIRUBIN METABOLISM; RACIAL VARIABILITY; ANALYTIC VALIDITY; SERUM BILIRUBIN; GLUCURONIDATION AB This evidence-based review addresses the question of whether testing for UGT1A1 mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan leads to improvement in outcomes (e.g., irinotecan toxicity, response to treatment, morbidity, and mortality), when compared with no testing. No studies were identified that addressed this question directly. The quality of evidence on the analytic validity of current UGT1A1 genetic testing methods is adequate (scale: convincing, adequate, inadequate), with available data indicating that both analytic sensitivity and specificity for the common genotypes are high. For clinical validity, the quality of evidence is adequate for studies reporting concentration of the active form of irinotecan (SN-38), presence of severe diarrhea, and presence of severe neutropenia stratified by UGT1A1 common genotypes. The strongest association for a clinical endpoint is for severe neutropenia. Patients homozygous for the *28 allele are 3.5 times more likely to develop severe neutropenia compared with individuals with the wild genotype (risk ratio 3.5 1; 95% confidence interval 2.03-6.07). The proposed clinical utility of UGT1A1 genotyping would be derived from a reduction in drug-related adverse reactions (benefits) while at the same time avoiding declines in tumor response rate and increases in morbidity/mortality (harms). At least three treatment options for reducing this increased risk have been suggested: modification of the irinotecan regime (e.g., reduce initial dose), use of other drugs, and/or pretreatment with colony-stimulating factors. However, we found no prospective studies that examined these options, particularly whether a reduced dose of irinotecan results in a reduced rate of adverse drug events. This is a major gap in knowledge. Although the quality of evidence on clinical utility is inadequate, two of three reviewed studies (and one published since our initial selection of studies for review) found that individuals homozygous for the *28 allele had improved survival. Three reviewed studies found statistically significant higher tumor response rates among individuals homozygous for the *28 allele. We found little or no direct evidence to assess the benefits and harms of modifying irinotecan regimens for patients with colorectal cancer based on their UGT1A1 genotype; however, results of our preliminary modeling of prevalence, acceptance, and effectiveness indicate that reducing the dose would need to be highly effective to have benefits outweigh harms. An alternative is to increase irinotecan dose among wild-type individuals to improve tumor response with minimal increases in adverse drug events. Given the large number of colorectal cancer cases diagnosed each year, a randomized controlled trial of the effects of irinotecan dose modifications in patients with colorectal cancer based on their UGT1A1 genotype is feasible and could clarify the tradeoffs between possible reductions in severe neutropenia and improved minor response and/or survival in patients with various UGT1A1 genotypes. Genet Med 2009:11(1):21-34. C1 [Palomaki, Glenn E.] Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Bradley, Linda A.; Douglas, Michael P.; Kolor, Katherine; Dotson, W. David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Douglas, Michael P.; Dotson, W. David] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Palomaki, GE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, 70 Elm St,2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM gpalomaki@ipmms.org NR 81 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31818efd77 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 396JO UT WOS:000262588200004 PM 19125129 ER PT J AU Palomaki, GE McClain, MR Melillo, S Hampel, HL Thibodeau, SN AF Palomaki, Glenn E. McClain, Monica R. Melillo, Stephanie Hampel, Heather L. Thibodeau, Stephen N. TI EGAPP supplementary evidence review: DNA testing strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL-CANCER; MISMATCH-REPAIR GENES; MSH6 GERMLINE MUTATIONS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY ANALYSIS; REVISED BETHESDA GUIDELINES; COLON-CANCER; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT; HMLH1 PROMOTER; COLONOSCOPIC PERFORATIONS C1 [Palomaki, Glenn E.; McClain, Monica R.] Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Melillo, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, McKing Consulting Corp, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hampel, Heather L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Arthur G James Canc Hosp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hampel, Heather L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Richard J Solove Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thibodeau, Stephen N.] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Palomaki, GE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 70 Elm St,2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM gpalomaki@ipmms.org NR 136 TC 185 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 42 EP 65 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31818fa2db PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 396JO UT WOS:000262588200006 PM 19125127 ER PT J AU Dowling, NF Gwinn, M Mawle, A AF Dowling, Nicole F. Gwinn, Marta Mawle, Alison TI Human genomics and preparedness for infectious threats SO GENOME MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Public health preparedness requires effective surveillance of and rapid response to infectious disease outbreaks. Inclusion of research activities within the outbreak setting provides important opportunities to maximize limited resources, to enhance gains in scientific knowledge, and ultimately to increase levels of preparedness. With rapid advances in laboratory technologies, banking and analysis of human genomic specimens can be conducted as part of public health investigations, enabling valuable research well into the future. C1 [Dowling, Nicole F.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mawle, Alison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowling, NF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ndowling@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-994X J9 GENOME MED JI Genome Med. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 119 DI 10.1186/gm119 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA V27QF UT WOS:000208627000119 PM 20090897 ER PT J AU Guessous, I Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Guessous, Idris Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Muin J. TI Genome-wide association studies in pharmacogenomics: untapped potential for translation SO GENOME MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Despite large public investments in genome-wide association studies of common human diseases, so far, few gene discoveries have led to applications for clinical medicine or public health. Genome-wide association studies in the context of clinical trials of drug safety and efficacy may be quicker to yield clinical applications. Certain methodological concerns, such as selection bias and confounding, may be mitigated when genome-wide association studies are conducted within clinical trials, in which randomization of exposure, prospective evaluation of outcome and careful definition of phenotype are incorporated by design. C1 [Guessous, Idris] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Guessous, Idris; Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Guessous, I (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Grace Crum Rollins Bldg,1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM goq3@cdc.gov FU appointment of IG to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Wei Yu and Mindy Clyne for development and curation of the HuGE Navigator knowledge base. This research was supported in part by the appointment of IG to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-994X J9 GENOME MED JI Genome Med. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 46 DI 10.1186/gm46 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA V27QF UT WOS:000208627000046 PM 19439031 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta BE Willard, HF Ginsburg, GS TI Why Do We Need Public Health in the Era of Genomic Medicine? SO GENOMIC AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLINICAL-RESEARCH; NIH ROADMAP; TRANSLATION; PREVENTION; CONTINUUM; KNOWLEDGE; SERVICES; GENETICS; SCIENCE; DISEASE C1 [Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-370888-5 PY 2009 BP 454 EP 460 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BCX27 UT WOS:000311822400041 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Muin J. BE Willard, HF Ginsburg, GS TI Principles of Human Genome Epidemiology SO GENOMIC AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; WIDE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; COMMON DISEASES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROJECT; FUTURE; CANCER; METAANALYSIS; PROPORTION C1 [Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-370888-5 PY 2009 BP 461 EP 469 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BCX27 UT WOS:000311822400042 ER PT J AU Xiao, L AF Xiao, L. BE OrtegaPierres, G Caccio, SM Fayer, R Mank, TG Smith, HV Thompson, RCA TI Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Developing Countries SO GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: FROM MOLECULES TO DISEASE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; SOUTH-INDIA; CHILDREN; PARVUM; PERU; GENOTYPES; HOMINIS AB Genotyping and subtyping tools have been used to characterize the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis in developing countries. Thus far, five Cryptosporidium spp. - C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis and C. felis - are responsible for most Cryptosporidium infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In most areas, C. hominis is responsible for over 70% of human cryptosporidiosis cases, with C. parvum accounting for 10-20% of infections. Differences have been observed among endemic areas in the proportion of infections due to each species, and in some areas C. meleagridis is also endemic. Results of subtyping suggest that there is high genetic heterogeneity in C. hominis in developing countries, and in these areas, human infections with C. parvum and other species are mostly the result of anthroponotic rather than zoonotic transmission. There is geographical segregation in C. hominis or C. parvum subtypes. Mixed and sequential infections with different Cryptosporidium species/genotypes and subtypes are common. Differences in oocyst shedding and clinical presentation have been observed among Cryptosporidium species and C. hominis subtypes. These findings reveal the diversity of cryptosporidiosis transmission in endemic areas and highlight the need for more extensive studies of cryptosporidiosis epidemiology in diverse areas with a wide spectrum of socioeconomic and environmental conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-391-3 PY 2009 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1079/9781845933913.0051 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology GA BVY66 UT WOS:000293165000005 ER PT J AU Ryan, UM Xiao, L AF Ryan, U. M. Xiao, L. BE OrtegaPierres, G Caccio, SM Fayer, R Mank, TG Smith, HV Thompson, RCA TI Molecular Epidemiology and Typing of Non-human Isolates of Cryptosporidium SO GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: FROM MOLECULES TO DISEASE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POST-WEANED PIGS; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DAIRY-CATTLE; CAPTIVE REPTILES AB Cryptosporidium has been reported in a wide variety of hosts, with C. parvum and C. hominis being responsible for most human infections. Until recently, it has been assumed that farm animals and wild animals are important zoonotic reservoirs for human cryptosporidiosis. However, recent molecular analysis has revealed a wide range of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes infecting both domestic and wild animals, and the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis is clearly more complicated than was previously thought. C1 [Ryan, U. M.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ryan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM Una.Ryan@murdoch.edu.au; lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-391-3 PY 2009 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1079/9781845933913.0065 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology GA BVY66 UT WOS:000293165000006 ER PT J AU Parkinson, AJ Evengard, B AF Parkinson, Alan J. Evengard, Birgitta TI Climate change, its impact on human health in the Arctic and the public health response to threats of emerging infectious diseases SO GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evengard, Birgitta] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. [Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Evengard, B (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. EM birgitta.evengard@climi.umu.se NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-9880 J9 GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION JI Glob. Health Action PY 2009 VL 2 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.3402/gha.v2i0.2075 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20SP UT WOS:000208160000036 ER PT J AU Doocy, S Robinson, C Moodie, C Burnham, G AF Doocy, S. Robinson, C. Moodie, C. Burnham, G. TI Tsunami-related injury in Aceh Province, Indonesia SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tsunami; injury; disasters; Indonesia AB The Asian tsunami, of December 2004, caused widespread loss of life. A series of surveys were conducted to assess tsunami-related mortality and injury, risk factors, care seeking and injury outcomes. Three surveys of tsunami-affected populations, in seven districts of Aceh province, were conducted between March and August 2005. Surveys employed a two-stage cluster design and probability proportional to size sampling methods. Overall, 17.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.8-18.6) of the population was reported as dead/missing(1) and 8.5% (95% CI = 7.9-9.2) had been injured. Odds of mortality were 1.41% (95% CI = 1.27-1.58) times greater in females than in males; risk of injury was opposite, with an odds of injury of 0.81 (95% CI = 0.61 0.96) for females in comparison to males. Mortality was greatest among the oldest and young population sub-groups, and injuries were most prevalent among middle-aged populations (20-49). An estimated 25,572 people were injured and 3682 (1.2%) suffered lasting disabilities. While mortality was particularly elevated among females and among the youngest and oldest age groups, injury rates were the greatest among males and the working-age population, suggesting that those are more likely to survive the tsunami were also more likely to be injured. C1 [Doocy, S.; Robinson, C.; Burnham, G.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Moodie, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doocy, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sdoocy@jhsph.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1080/17441690802472612 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V16UH UT WOS:000207894000006 PM 19333809 ER PT B AU Wan, XF Emch, M Zhao, ZM AF Wan, Xiu-Feng Emch, Michael Zhao, Zi-Ming BE Mitrasinovic, PM TI ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS SO GLOBAL VIEW OF THE FIGHT AGAINST INFLUENZA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; AMINO-ACID SITES; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; EMBRYONATED CHICKEN EGGS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; NEURAMINIDASE GENE AB Influenza A viruses are known for their rapid mutations, frequent reassortments, and RNA recombinations. The availability of the genomic sequences provides an opportunity for us to understand evolutionary process better than in the past. In this chapter, we will review recent research progresses and challenges in molecular evolution for both seasonal influenza and avian influenza viruses. The topics discussed include positive selection, reassortant identification, genotyping, RNA recombination, and the molecular clock in influenza A virus. Both common and uncommon features of previous pandemic strains, seasonal influenza viruses, swine influenza viruses, avian influenza viruses (especially H5N1), and other influenza A viruses are reviewed. The challenges for influenza molecular evolution studies will also be discussed. C1 [Wan, Xiu-Feng; Zhao, Zi-Ming] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Emch, Michael] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Miami Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Syst Anal, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccine Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wanhenry@yahoo.com NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-952-5 PY 2009 BP 31 EP 57 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BLU87 UT WOS:000271109400004 ER PT J AU Belbeisi, A Al Nsour, M Batieha, A Brown, DW Walke, HT AF Belbeisi, Adel Al Nsour, Mohannad Batieha, Anwar Brown, David W. Walke, Henry T. TI A surveillance summary of smoking and review of tobacco control in Jordan SO GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The burden of smoking-related diseases in Jordan is increasingly evident. During 2006, chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for more than 50% of all deaths in Jordan. With this evidence in hand, we highlight the prevalence of smoking in Jordan among youth and adults and briefly review legislation that governs tobacco control in Jordan. The prevalence of smoking in Jordan remains unacceptably high with smoking and use of tobacco prevalences ranging from 15% to 30% among students aged 13-15 years and a current smoking prevalence near 50% among men. Opportunities exist to further reduce smoking among both youth and adults; however, combating tobacco use in Jordan will require partnerships and long-term commitments between both private and public institutions as well as within local communities. C1 [Al Nsour, Mohannad; Brown, David W.; Walke, Henry T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Belbeisi, Adel] Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan. [Batieha, Anwar] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM epijor@wanadoo.jo; mohannadnsour973@yahoo.com; batieha@just.edu.jo; dbrown6@cdc.gov; hwalke@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1744-8603 J9 GLOBALIZATION HEALTH JI Global. Health PY 2009 VL 5 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1744-8603-5-18 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20OX UT WOS:000208150400018 PM 19951428 ER PT J AU Decker, SL Schappert, SM Sisk, JE AF Decker, Sandra L. Schappert, Susan M. Sisk, Jane E. TI Use Of Medical Care For Chronic Conditions SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; HEALTH AB We used nationally representative data from the National Center for Health Statistics to compare 1995-96 and 2005-06 ambulatory care visit and 1996 and 2006 hospital discharge rates for adults for eight major chronic conditions. For the eight conditions combined, ambulatory care visit rates rose 21 percent, while hospital discharge rates fell 9 percent. Discharge rates fell for heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. Ambulatory care visit rates rose at least 30 percent for arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, and depression. Medicaid recipients and black adults obtain more of their ambulatory care in hospital emergency and outpatient departments and less in physician offices than others do. [Health Affairs 28, no. 1 (2009): 26-35; 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.26] C1 [Schappert, Susan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sdecker@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.26 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 390WM UT WOS:000262194400004 PM 19124849 ER PT J AU Dalsey, E Park, HS AF Dalsey, Elizabeth Park, Hee Sun TI Implication of Organizational Health Policy on Organizational Attraction SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; PERCEPTIONS; DECISIONS; SUPPORT; PEOPLE AB This study investigated both smoking and nonsmoking undergraduates' reactions to an organization implementing a policy that either mandated or recommended that employees quit smoking. Undergraduate participants (N = 296) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 (high vs. low severity of a smoke-free policy implementation) 2 (high vs. low organizational assistance) conditions and indicated their organizational attraction for a hypothetical organization, imagining themselves as job applicants. The findings showed that organizational attraction was affected by the level of organizational assistance but not by the level of severity. These and other findings concerning individuals' perceived severity, perceived organizational support, smoking sensitivity, and employer control are presented in detail, and the implications thereof are discussed. C1 [Dalsey, Elizabeth] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Park, Hee Sun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dalsey, Elizabeth] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM heesun@msu.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 AR PII 908579484 DI 10.1080/10410230802607016 PG 11 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 405DV UT WOS:000263203800008 PM 19204860 ER PT J AU Holt, CL Roberts, C Scarinci, I Wiley, SR Eloubeidi, M Crowther, M Bolland, J Litaker, MS Southward, V Coughlin, SS AF Holt, Cheryl L. Roberts, Chastity Scarinci, Isabel Wiley, Shereta R. Eloubeidi, Mohamad Crowther, Martha Bolland, John Litaker, Mark S. Southward, Vivian Coughlin, Steven S. TI Development of a Spiritually Based Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Men and Women SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION INTERVENTIONS; PROCESS HEALTH INFORMATION; FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; RELIGIOUS PARTICIPATION; CERVICAL CANCER; CHURCH MEMBERS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION; HEART; TRIAL AB This study describes the development of a spiritually based intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening through African American churches by framing the health message with spiritual themes and scripture. The intervention development phase consisted of ideas from an advisory panel and core content identified in focus groups. In the pilot-testing phase, prototypes of the intervention materials were tested for graphic appeal in additional focus groups, and content was tested for acceptability and comprehension in cognitive interviews. Participants preferred materials showing a variety of African Americans in real settings, bright color schemes, and an uplifting message emphasizing prevention and early detection. Spiritual themes such as stewardship over the body, being well to serve God, and using faith to overcome fear, were well received. The materials were then finalized for implementation and will be used by community health advisors to encourage screening. C1 [Holt, Cheryl L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roberts, Chastity; Scarinci, Isabel; Southward, Vivian] Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Wiley, Shereta R.; Bolland, John] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. [Eloubeidi, Mohamad] Univ Alabama, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Crowther, Martha] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Litaker, Mark S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Diagnost Sci, Sch Dent, Birmingham, AL USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holt, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 2369 Publ Hlth Bldg 255, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cholt14@umd.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [5U48DP00046-03] NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 400 EP 412 AR PII 913687513 DI 10.1080/10410230903023451 PG 13 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 480FW UT WOS:000268718700003 PM 19657823 ER PT B AU Cargill, V Fenton, KA AF Cargill, Victoria Fenton, Kevin A. BE Stone, V Ojikutu, B Rawlings, MK Smith, KY TI The Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans SO HIV/AIDS IN U.S. COMMUNITIES OF COLOR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISKY SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; SERVICES UTILIZATION; RACIAL DISPARITIES; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; HEALTH C1 [Cargill, Victoria] NIH, Off AIDS Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fenton, Kevin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cargill, V (reprint author), NIH, Off AIDS Res, 5635 Fishers Lane,Suite 4000, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM vc52x@nih.gov NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-98151-2 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98152-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98152-9 PG 21 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BKW34 UT WOS:000269460200001 ER PT B AU Jones, DJ Roberts, GW AF Jones, Dionne J. Roberts, George W. BE Stone, V Ojikutu, B Rawlings, MK Smith, KY TI Substance Abuse, HIV, and Mental Health Issues: Prevention and Treatment Challenges SO HIV/AIDS IN U.S. COMMUNITIES OF COLOR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTION; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; ILLNESS C1 [Jones, Dionne J.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Serv Res Branch, Div Epidemiol Serv & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Roberts, George W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Partnerships & Strateg Alliances, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Serv Res Branch, Div Epidemiol Serv & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM djones1@nida.nih.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-98151-2 PY 2009 BP 227 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98152-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98152-9 PG 18 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BKW34 UT WOS:000269460200012 ER PT J AU Geise, RE Duerr, A AF Geise, Robert E. Duerr, Ann BE Mayer, KH Pizer, HF TI HIV vaccines SO HIV PREVENTION: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RECOMBINANT GLYCOPROTEIN-120 VACCINE; T-CELL DEPLETION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; RHESUS MACAQUES; ATTENUATED SIV; DNA VACCINE; END-POINTS C1 [Geise, Robert E.] Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Geise, Robert E.; Duerr, Ann] HIV Vaccine Trials Network HVTN, Seattle, WA USA. [Geise, Robert E.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Duerr, Ann] Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Duerr, Ann] US Ctr Dis Control CDC, HIV Sect, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Duerr, Ann] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Geise, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092129-7 PY 2009 BP 53 EP 84 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374235-3.00003-0 PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BEK32 UT WOS:000317059400005 ER PT J AU Denison, JA Higgins, DL Sweat, MD AF Denison, Julie A. Higgins, Donna L. Sweat, Michael D. BE Mayer, KH Pizer, HF TI HIV testing and counseling SO HIV PREVENTION: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; DAR-ES-SALAAM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; DISCORDANT COUPLES; VOLUNTARY; ADOLESCENTS C1 [Higgins, Donna L.] WHO, HIV AIDS Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Higgins, Donna L.] WHO, Global HIV Testing & Counseling Program, Geneva, Switzerland. [Higgins, Donna L.; Sweat, Michael D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sweat, Michael D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Sweat, Michael D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092129-7 PY 2009 BP 524 EP 549 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374235-3.00019-4 PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BEK32 UT WOS:000317059400021 ER PT J AU Bertrand, JT Holtgrave, DR Gregowski, A AF Bertrand, Jane T. Holtgrave, David R. Gregowski, Amy BE Mayer, KH Pizer, HF TI Evaluating HIV/AIDS programs in the US and developing countries SO HIV PREVENTION: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIV PREVENTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; UGANDA; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DECLINES; KENYA C1 [Bertrand, Jane T.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bertrand, Jane T.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] CDC HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holtgrave, David R.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Bertrand, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, CCP, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092129-7 PY 2009 BP 571 EP 590 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374235-3.00021-2 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BEK32 UT WOS:000317059400023 ER PT J AU Fenton, KA Wolitski, RJ Lyles, CM Aral, SO AF Fenton, Kevin A. Wolitski, Richard J. Lyles, Cynthia M. Aral, Sevgi O. BE Mayer, KH Pizer, HF TI Adapting successful research studies in the public health arena: going from efficacy trials to effective public health interventions SO HIV PREVENTION: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; SEXUAL-RISK BEHAVIOR; CAPACITY-BUILDING ASSISTANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS; POPULAR OPINION LEADERS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; SERVICE PROVIDERS; MALE CIRCUMCISION C1 [Fenton, Kevin A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fenton, Kevin A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wolitski, Richard J.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lyles, Cynthia M.] CDC, Res Synth & Translat Team, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepa, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Aral, Sevgi O.] CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092129-7 PY 2009 BP 591 EP 617 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374235-3.00022-4 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BEK32 UT WOS:000317059400024 ER PT J AU Pinney, SM Windham, GC Biro, FM Kushi, LH Yaghjyan, L Calafat, AM Kato, K Succop, P Brown, MK Hernick, A Bornschein, R AF Pinney, Susan M. Windham, Gayle C. Biro, Frank M. Kushi, Larry H. Yaghjyan, Lusine Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Succop, Paul Brown, M. Kathryn Hernick, Ann Bornschein, Robert TI Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and pubertal maturation in young girls SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pinney, Susan M.; Yaghjyan, Lusine; Succop, Paul; Brown, M. Kathryn; Hernick, Ann; Bornschein, Robert] U Cincinnati Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Windham, Gayle C.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Investigat Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Biro, Frank M.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kushi, Larry H.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2009 VL 72 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 502WB UT WOS:000270489900099 ER PT J AU Kemper, AR Ouyang, LJ Grosse, SD AF Kemper, Alex R. Ouyang, Lijing Grosse, Scott D. TI Discontinuation of thyroid hormone treatment among children in the United States with congenital hypothyroidism: findings from health insurance claims data SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kemper, Alex R.] Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Ouyang, Lijing; Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2009 VL 72 BP 478 EP 478 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 502WB UT WOS:000270489901424 ER PT S AU Antao, VC Hausdorff, WP AF Antao, Vinicius C. Hausdorff, William P. BE Finn, A Curtis, N Pollard, AJ TI Global Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Disease-New Prospects for Vaccine Control SO HOT TOPICS IN INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN V SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Infection and Immunity in Children Course CY 2007 CL St Catherine Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherine Coll ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; INVASIVE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; EMPYEMA; PREVENTION; ERA C1 [Antao, Vinicius C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Antao, VC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F57, Atlanta, GA USA. EM VAntao@cdc.gov RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-79837-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2009 VL 634 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_2 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pediatrics GA BIR97 UT WOS:000262396800002 PM 19280845 ER PT J AU Yan, X Calafat, A Lashley, S Smulian, J Ananth, C Barr, D Silva, M Ledoux, T Hore, P Robson, MG AF Yan, Xiaoyong Calafat, Antonia Lashley, Susan Smulian, John Ananth, Cande Barr, Dana Silva, Manori Ledoux, Thomas Hore, Paromita Robson, Mark G. TI Phthalates Biomarker Identification and Exposure Estimates in a Population of Pregnant Women SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE phthalates; metabolites; daily intake; risk assessment; women; children ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; HUMAN URINE; MALE-RAT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; INTERNAL EXPOSURE AB Phthalates are known reproductive and developmental toxicants in experimental animals. However, in humans, there are few data on the exposure of pregnant women that can be used to assess the potential developmental exposure experienced by the fetus. We measured several phthalate metabolites in maternal urine, maternal serum, and cord serum samples collected at the time of delivery from 150 pregnant women from central New Jersey. The urinary concentrations of most metabolites were comparable to or less than among the U.S. general population, except for mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The median urinary concentrations of MEHHP (109 g/l) and MEOHP (95.1 g/l) were more than 5 times their population-based concentrations, whereas the median urinary concentration of MEHP was more than 20 times higher. High concentration of MEHP may indicate a recent exposure to the parent chemical DEHP in the hospital shortly before the collection of the samples. Calculation of daily intakes using the urinary biomarker data reveals that none of the pregnant women tested had integrated exposures to DEHP greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's minimal risk levels (MRLs chronic 60, intermediate 100 g/kg/day). No abnormal birth outcomes (e.g., birth weight, Apgar Score, and gestational age) were noted in those newborns whose mothers had relatively greater exposure to DEHP during the perinatal period than others in this study. Significantly greater concentrations and detection frequencies in maternal urine than in maternal serum and cord serum suggest that the urinary concentrations of the phthalate metabolites may be more reliable biomarkers of exposure than their concentrations in other biological specimens. C1 [Yan, Xiaoyong; Robson, Mark G.] Rutgers State Univ, Joint Grad Program Toxicol, UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lashley, Susan] Univ Virginia, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Smulian, John] Lehigh Valley Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Allentown, PA USA. [Ananth, Cande] UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Calafat, Antonia; Barr, Dana; Silva, Manori] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ledoux, Thomas] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Risk Assessment & Toxicol Sect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Hore, Paromita; Robson, Mark G.] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Robson, Mark G.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Robson, MG (reprint author), NJAES Rutgers, 88 Lipman Dr,Martin Hall,Site 104, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM robson@aesop.rutgers.edu FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection [DEP SR02-038, SR04-058, SR05-042]; NIEHS [P30ES005022, 5T32ES07148] FX We thank Dr. Jack Reidy, Jim Preau, and Arnetra Herbert for their assistance in the phthalate analytical measurements. We also thank Dr. Kenneth R. Reuhl in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University/UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ, for his assistance. This work was supported by grants from New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (DEP SR02-038, SR04-058, SR05-042) and the NIEHS P30ES005022 and NIEHS 5T32ES07148. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 565 EP 578 AR PII 911234804 DI 10.1080/10807030902892554 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZN UT WOS:000266231000008 PM 20686649 ER PT J AU Yan, XY Lashley, S Smulian, JC Ananth, CV Barr, DB Ledoux, TA Hore, P Robson, MG AF Yan, Xiaoyong Lashley, Susan Smulian, John C. Ananth, Cande V. Barr, Dana B. Ledoux, Thomas A. Hore, Paromita Robson, Mark G. TI Pesticide Concentrations in Matrices Collected in the Perinatal Period in a Population of Pregnant Women and Newborns in New Jersey, USA SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE pesticides; urine; blood; amniotic fluid; exposure assessment; pregnant women; children ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION QUANTIFICATION; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN URINE; POTENTIAL BIOMARKER; DIETARY EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES AB Gestational exposure to pesticides may adversely affect fetal development and birth outcomes. However, data on fetal exposure and associated health effects in newborns remain sparse. We measured a variety of pesticides and metabolites in maternal urine, maternal serum, cord serum, amniotic fluid, and meconium samples collected at the time of cesarean delivery from 150 women in central New Jersey, USA. Women who used pesticides at home had higher concentrations of pesticides or metabolites in cord serum [e.g., dacthal (p = .007), diethyltoluamide (p = .043), and phthalimide (p = .030)] than those who did not use pesticides, suggesting that residential use of pesticides may contribute to overall exposure as assessed by biomonitoring. Except for orthophenylphenol, the concentrations of most pesticides in biological matrices of this study population were either comparable to or lower than the levels reported in previous studies and in the U.S. general population. The daily exposure estimates of two representative organophosphorus insecticides ( chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were lower than most regulatory protection limits (USEPA oral benchmark dose(10)/100, USEPA reference oral dose, or ATSDR minimal risk levels); however, they were near or at the USEPA's population-adjusted doses for children and women. No abnormal birth outcomes or other clinical endpoints were noted in those newborns who had higher concentrations of orthophenylphenol during the perinatal period. C1 [Robson, Mark G.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Yan, Xiaoyong; Robson, Mark G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Rutgers State Univ, Joint Grad Program Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lashley, Susan] Univ Virginia, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Smulian, John C.] Lehigh Valley Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Allentown, PA USA. [Ananth, Cande V.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ledoux, Thomas A.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Risk Assessment & Toxicol Sect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Hore, Paromita; Robson, Mark G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Robson, MG (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, 88 Lipman Dr,Martin Hall,Site 104, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM robson@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection [DEP SR04-058, SR05-042]; NIEHS [P30ES005022] FX We thank members of the Pesticide Laboratory in the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( Atlanta, Georgia) for their guidance and help in the analytical pesticide analyses. We also thank Dr. Kenneth R. Reuhl in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University/UMDNJ (Piscataway, NJ) for his assistance. This work was supported by grants from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (DEP SR04-058, SR05-042) and the NIEHS Center P30ES005022. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 948 EP 967 DI 10.1080/10807030903153089 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512FM UT WOS:000271231700007 ER PT J AU Sun, W Cunningham, D Wasserman, SS Perry, J Putnak, JR Eckels, KH Vaughn, DW Thomas, SJ Kanesa-Thasan, N Innis, BL Edelman, R AF Sun, Wellington Cunningham, Dennis Wasserman, Steven S. Perry, Judith Putnak, J. Robert Eckels, Kenneth H. Vaughn, David W. Thomas, Stephen J. Kanesa-Thasan, Niranjan Innis, Bruce L. Edelman, Robert TI Phase 2 clinical trial of three formulations of tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine in flavivirus-naive adults SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE dengue; tetravalent vaccine; Phase 2 clinical trial ID CANDIDATE VACCINES; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; VIRUS-VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; CHILDREN; MONKEYS; CELLS AB Sixteen dose formulations of our live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus vaccines (TDV) were previously evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. Two of the sixteen candidate TDV formulations (Formulations 13 and 14) were selected for further evaluation. A new TDV formulation, Formulation 17, using a higher primary dog kidney (PDK) cell passage Dengue-1 virus (DENV-1) and a lower PDK cell passage DENV-4, was developed to optimize the neutralizing antibody response. All three formulations consist of combinations of 10exp3-5 pfu/dose of the four dengue vaccine virus serotypes. This double-blind, randomized trial in 71 healthy adult subjects evaluated vaccine safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity. TDV's were given subcutaneously in the deltoid on Day 0 and 180 (6 months). Subjects were seen in clinic on Study Days 0, 10, 28, 180, 190 and 208 and filled out daily symptom diaries for 21 days after each vaccination. Formulation 13 was the most reactogenic, while both Formulations 14 and 17 were similar in reported reactions. Seventy-five percent, 31% and 31% of subjects were viremic on Day 10 after primary vaccination with Formulations 13, 14 and 17 respectively. Viremia was not detected in any subject following the second dose of vaccine. The immunogenicity endpoint was neutralizing antibody titer one month after the second vaccination. Thirty-six percent, 40% and 63% of vaccinated subjects developed tetravalent neutralizing antibodies after two doses of Formulations 13, 14 and 17, respectively. Formulation 17 was selected for further clinical evaluation based on this study. C1 [Sun, Wellington; Putnak, J. Robert; Vaughn, David W.; Thomas, Stephen J.; Kanesa-Thasan, Niranjan] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cunningham, Dennis; Wasserman, Steven S.; Edelman, Robert] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cunningham, Dennis; Wasserman, Steven S.; Edelman, Robert] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Perry, Judith] Univ Maryland, Univ Hlth Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eckels, Kenneth H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Innis, Bruce L.] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM wks4@cdc.gov FU U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity FX The study was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD NR 19 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 399QZ UT WOS:000262815700007 PM 18670195 ER PT J AU Baekey, DM Feng, PF Decker, MJ Strohl, KP AF Baekey, David M. Feng, Pingfu Decker, Michael J. Strohl, Kingman P. TI Breathing and Sleep: Measurement Methods, Genetic Influences, and Developmental Impacts SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE hypoxia; neonate; periodic breathing; respiratory measurement; rodent model; sleep apnea; ventilatory control ID HYPOXIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE; INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA; REM-SLEEP; ADULT-RATS; MATERNAL-DEPRIVATION; CORTICAL INVOLVEMENT; GENOMIC CONSEQUENCES; RESPIRATORY NETWORK; CONDITIONED APNEAS; NEONATAL HYPOXIA AB Sleep-disordered breathing comprises alterations in respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth that present during sleep and may or may not be recognizable in breathing during wakefulness. Primary disorders include repetitive apneas, near apneas (hypopneas), or reductions in overall ventilation during sleep (hypoventilation), all of which lead to reductions in pulmonary gas exchange resulting in arousals, arrhythmia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and/or hypoxic stress responses such as pulmonary hypertension or polycythemia. Because the underlying mechanisms resulting in sleep-disordered breathing and its resulting comorbidities remain unclear, researchers use a variety of animal models to better understand the disorder. These models allow for conditioning paradigms, more detailed measurements of respiratory control, and the use of fewer preparations to provide a detailed picture of the individual components that contribute to breathing patterns. Both noninvasive and reduced methods are applicable with conditioned, inbred, and/or genetically manipulated animals to determine effect size and imply mechanisms. Research in animals has established preclinical models showing that intermediate traits of breathing pattern (e. g., responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and reoxygenation) vary according to genetic background and conditioning. Such findings permit new ideas about pathogenesis and prevention and form the rationale for observational and interventional studies in the human population. In this article we focus on methods of investigating respiratory control and applicable rodent models. C1 [Baekey, David M.; Feng, Pingfu] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Decker, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectro Borne Enter Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strohl, Kingman P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Med Ctr, Sleep Disorders Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Strohl, Kingman P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Baekey, DM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Room 622 Mailstop 5067,11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM david.baekey@case.edu FU American Heart Association; National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; NIH National Institute of Mental Health; Cleveland VA Research Service FX The authors' research was supported through grant funding from the American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH National Institute of Mental Health, and Cleveland VA Research Service. NR 120 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH, NATL RES COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 248 EP 261 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 472JB UT WOS:000268125400002 PM 19506312 ER PT S AU Rollin, PE AF Rollin, Pierre E. BA Ansari, A Jabbar, A Parslow, TG Ahmed, R BF Ansari, A Jabbar, A Parslow, TG Ahmed, R TI Introduction SO IMMUNOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material CT Conference on Immunology and Pathogenesis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers CY MAR 16, 2009 CL Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA HO Emory Univ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1171 IS S1 BP E1 EP E4 PG 4 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZD66 UT WOS:000301184700001 PM 19751397 ER PT J AU Richards, C AF Richards, Chesley TI Getting to Zero: An Emerging Policy Framework for the Elimination of Hospital-Associated Infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERFORMANCE; QUALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richards, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, MS A-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CRichards@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1086/595858 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 381OV UT WOS:000261546700013 PM 19067599 ER PT J AU Katz, MA Lamias, MJ Shay, DK Uyeki, TM AF Katz, Mark A. Lamias, Mark J. Shay, David K. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Use of rapid tests and antiviral medications for influenza among primary care providers in the United States SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Antivirals; influenza; primary care; rapid tests ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR OSELTAMIVIR; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY-ADULTS; A VIRUSES; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; DIAGNOSIS; IMPACT AB Limited data are available about how physicians diagnose and treat influenza. We conducted an internet-based survey of primary care and emergency physicians to evaluate the use of influenza testing and antiviral medications for diagnosis and treatment of influenza. In April 2005, an electronic link to a 33-question, web-based survey was emailed to members of the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American College of Emergency Physicians. Of the 157 674 physician members of the four medical societies, 2649 surveys were completed (1.7%). The majority of participants were internists (59%). Sixty percent of respondents reported using rapid tests to diagnose influenza. Factors associated with using rapid influenza tests included physician specialty, type of patient insurance, and practice setting. After controlling for insurance and community setting, emergency physicians and pediatricians were more likely to use rapid influenza tests than internists [odds ratio (OR) 3 7, confidence interval (CI): 2.3-6.1; and OR 1.7, CI: 1.4-2.1, respectively]. Eighty-six percent of respondents reported prescribing influenza antiviral medications. Reasons for not prescribing antivirals included: patients do not usually present for clinical care within 48 hours of symptom onset (53.0%), cost of antivirals (42.6%) and skepticism about antiviral drug effectiveness (21.7%). The use of rapid tests and antiviral medications for influenza varied by medical specialty. Educating physicians about the utility and limitations of rapid influenza tests and antivirals, and educating patients about seeking prompt medical care for influenza-like illness during influenza season could lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved management of influenza. C1 [Katz, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lamias, Mark J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lamias, Mark J.] Ctr Dis Control, Off Informat, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lamias, Mark J.] Prevent & Sci Applicat Int Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Mbagathi Rd Mbagathi Way,POB 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya. EM mkatz@ke.cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00070.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SE UT WOS:000267761900004 PM 19453439 ER EF