FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kruger, J Ham, SA Sanker, S AF Kruger, Judy Ham, Sandra A. Sanker, Serena TI Physical inactivity during leisure time among older adults - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE prevention; epidemiology; sedentary; elderly ID SOCIAL-CLASS; EXERCISE; POPULATIONS; DISABILITY; PROGRAM; DISEASE; COSTS AB Background: Physical inactivity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study provides prevalence estimates of inactivity by select characteristics among older adults. Methods: Respondents >= 50 years of age were selected from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 185,702). Results: Overall, 30.0% of older adults did not engage in leisure-time physical activity. Within each racial/ethnic group, the prevalence of inactivity was highest among Hispanic men (41.9%) and women (42.4%). Among men with and without disabilities, chronic disease conditions associated with inactivity were angina or coronary artery disease. Among women with disabilities, chronic disease conditions associated with inactivity were stroke and diabetes; among women without disabilities only diabetes was significantly associated with inactivity. Conclusion: Regular physical activity is an important means to maintaining independence, because it substantially reduces the risk for developing many diseases; contributes to healthy bones, muscles, and joints; and can reduce the risk for falling. Health care providers are encouraged to discuss concerns regarding physical activity with their patients. C1 [Kruger, Judy; Ham, Sandra A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sanker, Serena] Natl Council Aging, Ctr Hlth Aging, Washington, DC USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 280 EP 291 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 331XH UT WOS:000258045400004 PM 18660551 ER PT J AU Goldcamp, MJ Underwood, MN Cloud, JL Harshman, S Ashley, K AF Goldcamp, Michael J. Underwood, Melinda N. Cloud, Joshua L. Harshman, Sean Ashley, Kevin TI An environmentally friendly, cost-effective determination of lead in environmental samples using anodic stripping voltammetry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH-FILM ELECTRODES; TRACE-METALS; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION; CARBON ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY C1 [Goldcamp, Michael J.; Underwood, Melinda N.; Cloud, Joshua L.; Harshman, Sean] Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. [Ashley, Kevin] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Goldcamp, MJ (reprint author), Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. EM michael_goldcamp@wilmington.edu RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 85 IS 7 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 311GG UT WOS:000256588100022 ER PT J AU Rondini, S Pingle, MR Das, S Tesh, R Rundell, MS Hom, J Stramer, S Turner, K Rossmann, SN Lanciotti, R Spier, EG Munoz-Jordan, J Larone, D Spitzer, E Barany, F Golightly, LM AF Rondini, S. Pingle, M. R. Das, S. Tesh, R. Rundell, M. S. Hom, J. Stramer, S. Turner, K. Rossmann, S. N. Lanciotti, R. Spier, E. G. Munoz-Jordan, J. Larone, D. Spitzer, E. Barany, F. Golightly, L. M. TI Development of multiplex PCR-ligase detection reaction assay for detection of West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL DNA MICROARRAY; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; CENTRAL-EUROPE; NEW-YORK; K-RAS; RNA; ENCEPHALITIS; MUTATIONS; STRAINS AB We have developed a novel multiplex reverse transcription-PCR ligase detection reaction (RT-PCR/LDR) assay for the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in both clinical and mosquito pool samples. The method relies on the amplification of three different genomic regions, one in the coding sequence of nonstructural protein NS2a and two in nonstructural protein NS5, to minimize the risk of detection failure due to genetic variation. The sensitivity of the PCR is complemented by the high specificity of the LDR step, and the detection of the LDR products can be achieved with capillary electrophoresis (CE) or a universal DNA microarray. We evaluated the limit of detection by both one-step and two-step multiplex RT-PCR/LDR/CE approaches, which reached, respectively, 0.005 and 0.017 PFU. The assay demonstrated 99% sensitivity when mosquito pool samples were tested and 100% sensitivity with clinical samples when the one-step approach was used. The broad strain coverage was confirmed by testing 34 WNV isolates belonging to lineages 1 and 2, and the high specificity of the assay was determined by testing other flaviviruses, as well as negative mosquito pool and clinical samples. In summary, the multiplex RT-PCR/LDR assay could represent a valuable complement to WNV serological diagnosis, especially in early symptomatic patients. In addition, the multiplexing capacity of the technique, which can be coupled to universal DNA microarray detection, makes it an amenable tool to develop a more comprehensive assay for viral pathogens. C1 [Rondini, S.; Das, S.; Golightly, L. M.] Cornell Univ, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pingle, M. R.; Rundell, M. S.; Barany, F.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Tesh, R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Hom, J.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, Virol & Immunol Div, New York, NY USA. [Stramer, S.] Amer Red Cross Biomed Serv, Sci Support Off, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lanciotti, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Turner, K.; Rossmann, S. N.] Gulf Coast Reg Blood Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Spier, E. G.] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Munoz-Jordan, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Larone, D.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Spitzer, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Golightly, LM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, 1300 York Ave,Room A421, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM Lgolight@med.cornell.edu RI Rondini, Simona/N-1780-2013 OI Rondini, Simona/0000-0002-7993-9656 FU Public Health Service [UC1-AI062579]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported by Public Health Service grant UC1-AI062579 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2269 EP 2279 DI 10.1128/JCM.02335-07 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344DS UT WOS:000258906800020 PM 18495862 ER PT J AU Kugeler, KJ Mead, PS McGowan, KL Burnham, JM Hogarty, MD Ruchelli, E Pollard, K Husband, B Conley, C Rivera, T Kelesidis, T Lee, WM Mabey, W Winchell, JM Stang, HL Staples, JE Chalcraft, LJ Petersen, JM AF Kugeler, Kiersten J. Mead, Paul S. McGowan, Karin L. Burnham, Jon M. Hogarty, Michael D. Ruchelli, Eduardo Pollard, Kerry Husband, Brigitte Conley, Caryn Rivera, Tanya Kelesidis, Theodoros Lee, Walter M. Mabey, Walburga Winchell, Jonas M. Stang, Heather L. Staples, J. Erin Chalcraft, Linda J. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Isolation and characterization of a novel Francisella sp from human cerebrospinal fluid and blood SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMERLY YERSINIA-PHILOMIRAGIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PCR; TULARENSIS; TULAREMIA; PRIMERS; AGENTS AB We describe the isolation of a Francisella sp. from normally sterile sites in acutely ill patients in two different states within 2 years. Microbiologic and molecular analyses indicate that this organism represents a novel Francisella sp. Clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of this new potential pathogen, as infection may be more common than recognized. C1 [Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Mead, Paul S.; Staples, J. Erin; Chalcraft, Linda J.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.; Burnham, Jon M.; Hogarty, Michael D.; Ruchelli, Eduardo] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.; Burnham, Jon M.; Hogarty, Michael D.; Ruchelli, Eduardo] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pollard, Kerry; Husband, Brigitte] Bur Labs, Penn Dept Hlth, Lionville, PA USA. [Conley, Caryn; Rivera, Tanya] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. [Kelesidis, Theodoros; Lee, Walter M.; Mabey, Walburga] Caritas St Elizabeths Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Winchell, Jonas M.; Stang, Heather L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov OI Kelesidis, Theodoros/0000-0002-8463-3811 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2428 EP 2431 DI 10.1128/JCM.00698-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344DS UT WOS:000258906800048 PM 18495864 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Okinaka, RT Svensson, R Shaw, K De, BK Robison, RA Probert, WS Kenefic, LJ Brown, WD Keim, P AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Okinaka, Richard T. Svensson, Rita Shaw, Kathryn De, Barun K. Robison, Richard A. Probert, William S. Kenefic, Leo J. Brown, William D. Keim, Paul TI Real-time PCR assays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the major Brucella clades (vol 46, pg 296, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Foster, Jeffrey T.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Foster, JT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2474 EP 2474 DI 10.1128/JCM.00909-08 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344DS UT WOS:000258906800067 ER PT J AU Ponder, P Dannenberg, AL AF Ponder, Paris Dannenberg, Andrew L. TI Role of environmental health professionals in improving the built environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 [Dannenberg, Andrew L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acd7@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328VV UT WOS:000257827200004 PM 18724500 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Yagi, S Wilkins, PP Gavali, S Visvesvara, GS Glaser, CA AF Schuster, Frederick L. Yagi, Shigeo Wilkins, Patricia P. Gavali, Shilpa Visvesvara, Govinda S. Glaser, Carol A. TI Balamuthia mandrillaris, agent of amebic encephalitis: Detection of serum antibodies and antigenic similarity of isolates by enzyme immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; amebic encephalitis; ELISA; PCR ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; PCR; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB We report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to Balamuthia mandrillaris, a free-living ameba that is an etiologic agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). As part of the California Encephalitis Project (CEP), we have tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a subgroup of 130 hospitalized encephalitis patients (out of similar to 430 samples) over a 16-month period. Case criteria were based on clinical, laboratory, and occupational/recreational histories. All serum samples initially underwent screening by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) staining with results ranging from no detectable ameba antibodies to titers of 1:256. In addition to the 130 samples tested prospectively, sera and/or CSF from 11 previously confirmed cases of balamuthiasis, six healthy individuals, and earlier CEP submissions with high IFA antibody titers were also tested retrospectively. Among the 130 samples, two cases of balamuthiasis were identified by ELISA and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The availability of sera from human and animal cases and from varied geographic areas allowed comparisons of serologic similarities of the different Balamuthia strains and human sera. All sera, whether from human or other mammals, reacted with all strains of Balamuthia, as they did with Balamuthia amebae from different geographic areas. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results were consistent with the IFA results. Differences between readings were likely due to cross-reactivity between Balamuthia antigens and unidentified antibodies in serum. C1 [Schuster, Frederick L.; Yagi, Shigeo; Gavali, Shilpa; Glaser, Carol A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Wilkins, Patricia P.; Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM fred.schuster@cdph.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915546-09] NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00333.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 324BM UT WOS:000257492700007 PM 18681845 ER PT J AU Terrell, ML Manatunga, AK Small, CM Cameron, LL Wirth, J Blanck, HM Lyles, RH Marcus, M AF Terrell, Metrecia L. Manatunga, Amita K. Small, Chanley M. Cameron, Lorraine L. Wirth, Julie Blanck, Heidi Michels Lyles, Robert H. Marcus, Michele TI A decay model for assessing polybrominated biphenyl exposure among women in the Michigan Long-Term PBB Study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decay; breast-feeding; longitudinal data; flame retardants; endocrine disruptors; empirical/statistical models ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; HUMAN-MILK; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; PCB LEVELS; IN-UTERO; TISSUE; COHORT; DETERMINANTS AB The Michigan Long-Term PBB Study was established following exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in the early 1970s. Serum samples from cohort members were analyzed for PBB during 1976-1993. More than 20 years following this industrial incident, some participants still had measurable serum PBB concentration levels. Thus, there is continuing interest in understanding the elimination of PBB from the body. In the present study, we estimated serum PBB decay and investigated the effects of covariates on serum PBB decay rates among 406 female cohort members. We developed a decay model using a general linear mixed model, which attributes unique intercept and slope estimates for each individual while borrowing information across individuals for predicting these quantities. Age at exposure and body mass index (BMI) at the initial measurement were time-independent covariates. Time since exposure, smoking history, pregnancy status, and breast-feeding status were time-dependent covariates. Higher BMI was associated with a slower decay rate; smokers had a faster decay rate than nonsmokers; and increasing age at exposure was marginally associated with a slower decay rate. Our results suggest a faster serum PBB decay rate for women who breast-fed during the interval between serum PBB measurements. To evaluate the predictive performance of our modeling approach, we compared the results from this model with those from a previously developed ordinary least squares (OLS) two-stage decay model. The mixed-effects decay model predicted the observed serum PBB concentration levels significantly better than the OLS two-stage decay model (mixed-effects model, r = 0.93; OLS two-stage model, r = 0.86; P < 0.0001). C1 [Terrell, Metrecia L.; Small, Chanley M.; Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Manatunga, Amita K.; Lyles, Robert H.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cameron, Lorraine L.; Wirth, Julie] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Environm & Occupat Epidemiol Div, Lansing, MI USA. [Wirth, Julie] Michigan State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Blanck, Heidi Michels] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Terrell, ML (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mterrel@sph.emory.edu RI Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; OI Terrell, Metrecia/0000-0001-9406-2226 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES012458-01, R01-ES012014, R01-ES08341]; PHS HHS [U39/CCU500392] NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500633 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 314TU UT WOS:000256832600007 PM 18183045 ER PT J AU Fang, XM Corso, PS AF Fang, Xiangming Corso, Phaedra S. TI Gender differences in the connections between violence experienced as a child and perpetration of intimate partner violence in young adulthood SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE child maltreatment; intimate partner violence; gender differences; socioeconomic factors ID INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; ABUSE; AGGRESSION; VICTIMIZATION; NEIGHBORHOODS; PUNISHMENT; MODELS; CRIME; RISK AB This paper uses longitudinal and nationally representative survey data to investigate the direct relationship between three forms of child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse), and future intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the USA. We further examine the indirect effect that child maltreatment has on future IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration, and the roles of socioeconomic factors on committing youth violence and IPV. Analyses indicate that gender differences exist for the developmental relationship between child maltreatment and young adult IPV perpetration, and the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV perpetration. For males, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused as a child on IPV perpetration are not significant. However, the indirect effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration are significant. For females, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration are significant. The indirect effect of being neglected on IPV perpetration is significant, while the indirect effect of childhood physical abuse is not significant. Childhood sexual abuse is not significantly directly associated with IPV perpetration for females; however, for males, it is the strongest (i.e., largest effect size) direct predictor of IPV perpetration. The indirect effects of childhood sexual abuse on IPV perpetration are not significant for both females and males. C1 [Fang, Xiangming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Corso, Phaedra S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fang, XM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ddz6@cdc.gov RI Fang, Xiangming/O-1653-2014 OI Fang, Xiangming/0000-0001-9922-8977 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 5 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10896-008-9152-0 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 296UM UT WOS:000255571300002 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Cox, CS Williams, DD Nolte, KB AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Cox, Christine S. Williams, Dionne D. Nolte, Kurt B. TI John and Jane Doe: The epidemiology of unidentified decedents SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; wounds and injuries; DNA; unidentified decendents AB The number of people who cannot be identified at the time of death, sometimes referred to as John or Jane Does, is unknown, and little is known about them as a group. The study's objectives were to estimate the number of annual unidentified deaths, to identify demographic characteristics associated with dying unidentified, to determine whether the rates of such deaths vary geographically or over time, and to better characterize the causes of death. This was a population-based surveillance study of data collected from death certificates from 1979 to 2004 in the U.S. Subjects were selected by the absence of name, date of birth, and Social Security Number on their certificates. Main outcome measures were distributions by age, sex, and underlying cause of death and rates by sex, race, year, and state of death. An average of 413 unidentified persons died each year. The peak year was 1987 with 691 deaths, a rate of 28.5 per 10 million people. The rate declined to 9.7 per 10 million in 2004. Most unidentified decedents were male (80.6%). Unidentified death rates were highest among black people and in the Southwest. Among deaths for which the cause was known, 82.7% were due to injuries. Among injury deaths, 31.8% were homicides. Improvement in identification technology may have reduced rates of unidentified death since the 1980s. In addition, variations in rates of unidentified decedents may reflect changes in risk factors such as homelessness and substance abuse. C1 [Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cox, Christine S.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Williams, Dionne D.] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent, Off Stat & Bioprogramming, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nolte, Kurt B.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00769.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 326MT UT WOS:000257664300025 PM 18489552 ER PT J AU Kakefuda, I Stallones, L Gibbs, J AF Kakefuda, Itsumi Stallones, Lorann Gibbs, Julie TI Readiness for community-based bicycle helmet use programs - A study using community-and individual-level readiness models SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bicycle helmet promotion; community-based research; Community Readiness Model; Stages of Change Model; traumatic brain injury (TBI) ID HEALTH BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; INJURIES AB Understanding community context is as important to develop effective community-based injury prevention programs as assessing attitudes and behaviors among individuals. Readiness of a community toward community efforts to promote bicycle helmet use and of individuals to use bicycle helmets were examined in a northern Colorado town in the United States, using a semi-qualitative approach. Community readiness and individual readiness to prevent injuries through use of bicycle helmets differed across groups. The findings provide a better understanding of interactions between community perceptions and individual attitudes and behaviors. Further, target groups for improving bicycle helmet use were identified. C1 [Kakefuda, Itsumi] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Injury Control Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stallones, Lorann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Acad Res & Training Program, Colorado Injury Control Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gibbs, Julie] Colorado Injury Control Res Center, Community Programs, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kakefuda, I (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Injury Control Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, 100 Sage Hall, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kakefuda@lamar.colostate.edu FU NCIPC CDC HHS [1R49CE001168] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1359-1053 J9 J HEALTH PSYCHOL JI J. Health Psychol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.1177/1359105308090935 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 318TD UT WOS:000257114800006 PM 18519437 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Ingram, LA Cieslak, PR Vugia, DJ Tobin-D'Angelo, M Hurd, S Medus, C Cronquist, A Angulo, FJ AF Jones, Timothy F. Ingram, L. Amanda Cieslak, Paul R. Vugia, Duc J. Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa Hurd, Sharon Medus, Carlota Cronquist, Alicia Angulo, Frederick J. TI Salmonellosis outcomes differ substantially by serotype SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; BACTEREMIA; RESISTANCE; SEPTICEMIA; ILLNESS; DISEASE; DEATH AB Background. Most human infections are caused by closely related serotypes within 1 species of Salmonella. Few data are available on differences in severity of disease among common serotypes. Methods. We examined data from all cases of Salmonella infection in FoodNet states during 1996-2006. Data included serotype, specimen source, hospitalization, and outcome. Results. Among 46,639 cases, 687 serotypes were identified. Overall, 41,624 isolates (89%) were from stool specimens, 2524 (5%) were from blood, and 1669 (4%) were from urine; 10,393 (22%) cases required hospitalization, and death occurred in 219 (0.5%). The case fatality rate for S. Newport (0.3%) was significantly lower than for Typhimurium (0.6%); Dublin (3.0%) was higher. With respect to invasive disease, 13 serotypes had a significantly higher proportion than Typhimurium (6%), including Enteritidis (7%), Heidelberg (13%), Choleraesuis (57%), and Dublin (64%); 13 serotypes were significantly less likely to be invasive. Twelve serotypes, including Enteritidis (21%) and Javiana (21%), were less likely to cause hospitalization than Typhimurium (24%); Choleraesuis (60%) was significantly more so. Conclusions. Salmonella serotypes are closely related genetically yet differ significantly in their pathogenic potentials. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this may be key to a more general understanding of the invasiveness of intestinal bacterial infections. C1 [Jones, Timothy F.] TN Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. [Cieslak, Paul R.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Vugia, Duc J.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hurd, Sharon] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Medus, Carlota] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cronquist, Alicia] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), TN Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 1st Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 24 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1086/588823 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311XD UT WOS:000256632800019 PM 18462137 ER PT J AU Hojgaard, A Eisen, RJ Piesman, J AF Hojgaard, Andrias Eisen, Rebecca J. Piesman, Joseph TI Transmission dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. during the key third day of feeding by nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ticks; Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.; Ixodes scapularis; transmission dynamics ID DISEASE-ENDEMIC AREA; LYME-DISEASE; TICK BITES; DURATION; PREVENTION; HOST; PROPHYLAXIS; POPULATIONS; SPIROCHETE; ATTACHMENT AB Nymphal hodes scapularis Say are the principal vectors of Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) in the eastern United States. Physicians frequently face the decision of whether or not to administer prophylactic antibiotics to human tick bite victims in Lyme disease endemic regions, based on the overall probability that such bites will result in infection with B. burgdorferi s.s. We evaluated the transmission dynamics of B. hurgdorferi s.s. during the key third day of nymphal L scapularis feeding, when the risk of transmission rapidly increases. The cumulative probability that 50% of infected ticks transmitted B. burgdorferi s.s. occurred at 68 h of tick attachment and our overall estimate that a human tick bite would result in transmission of B. burgdorfieri s.s. was 2.4%. C1 [Hojgaard, Andrias; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCZVED, CCID, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCZVED, CCID, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jfp2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 732 EP 736 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[732:TDOBBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 328AB UT WOS:000257768500020 PM 18714875 ER PT J AU Lambdin, B Schmaedick, MA Burkot, TR AF Lambdin, Barrot Schmaedick, Mark A. Burkot, Thomas R. TI Utilization of domestic and natural containers by Aedes oceanicus in American Samoa SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes oceanicus; Aedes polynesiensis; American Samoa; lymphatic filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti ID TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FILARIASIS; TONGA AB Larval and pupal surveys of 439 natural and 2,455 domestic containers (total of 2,894 containers) were undertaken in four villages in American Samoa during the wet and dry seasons. For the first time, larvae and pupae of Ae. oceanicus were found in a variety of domestic containers (including buckets, plastic and polystyrene containers, cans, and tires) in addition to their traditionally reported habitats of plant leaf axils. Finding Ae. oceanicus in artificial containers in three villages during both the wet and dry seasons suggests that Ae. oceanicus is adapting to use these increasingly abundant water sources for breeding sites. The larger water volumes held by such containers could ensure the survival of this species during prolonged dry weather periods. C1 [Burkot, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lambdin, Barrot] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schmaedick, Mark A.] Amer Samoa Community Coll, Land Grant Program, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tburkot@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[758:UODANC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 328AB UT WOS:000257768500025 PM 18714880 ER PT J AU Ahn, YS Park, RM Koh, DH AF Ahn, Yeon-Soon Park, Robert M. Koh, Dong-Hee TI Cancer admission and mortality in workers exposed to ionizing radiation in Korea SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS; PORTSMOUTH-NAVAL-SHIPYARD; POWER INDUSTRY WORKERS; NATIONAL DOSE REGISTRY; LUNG-CANCER; THYROID-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; LEUKEMIA MORTALITY; NUCLEAR INDUSTRY AB Objective: Cancer mortality and morbidity are described for the first time in all Korean workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Methods: Based on hospital admissions, Standardized Rate Ratios (SRR) and Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) were modeled with Poisson regression. Results: Cancer admissions during 2000 to 2005 were low compared with autoworkers with the exception of nuclear power workers (SRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.94-1.36). Thyroid cancer was statistically significantly elevated in women radiation workers in medical (SRR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.05-7.94) and research institutions (SRR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.36-11.0) and industry (SRR = 5.07, 95% CI = 1.56-15.6), and in all nuclear power workers (SRR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.33-5.13), and there was a significant association with dose (ERR = 20.4 per Sv, 90% CI = -8 to 60, one-tailed P = 0.049). The 935 deaths revealed a healthy worker effect for all causes (SMR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.54-0.62) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.64-0.82). Lung cancer (SMR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.55-1.05) and leukemia (SMR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.28-1.06) mortalities were also less than expected. Compared with autoworkers, radiation workers displayed decreased all-cause mortality except for nuclear power workers (statistically not significant). Conclusions: ERRs as high as 300 per Sv appear to be ruled-out in this population with regulated exposure to ionizing radiation while ERRs as high as 100 per Sv are not. C1 [Park, Robert M.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ahn, Yeon-Soon] Dongguk Univ, Coll Med, Dept Occupat Med, Dongguk Univ Int Hosp, Goyang, South Korea. [Koh, Dong-Hee] Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Occupat Safety & Hlth Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov RI Go, Donghee/I-7774-2012 NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 791 EP 803 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318167751d PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 327IV UT WOS:000257723700009 PM 18617835 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Kelly, CM Eyler, AA Carnoske, C Grost, L Handy, SL Maddock, JE Pluto, D Ritacco, BA Sallis, JF Schmid, TL AF Brownson, Ross C. Kelly, Cheryl M. Eyler, Amy A. Carnoske, Cheryl Grost, Lisa Handy, Susan L. Maddock, Jay E. Pluto, Delores Ritacco, Brian A. Sallis, James F. Schmid, Thomas L. TI Environmental and Policy Approaches for Promoting Physical Activity in the United States: A Research Agenda SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE evidence-based; exercise; physical activity; practitioners; research ID PUBLIC-HEALTH POLICY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; IMPACT; US AB Background: Environmental and policy approaches are promising strategies to raise population-wide rates of physical activity; yet, little attention has been paid to the development and prioritization of a research agenda on these topics that will have relevance for both researchers and practitioners. Methods: Using input from hundreds of researchers and practitioners, a research agenda was developed for promoting physical activity through environmental and policy interventions. Concept mapping was used to develop the agenda. Results: Among those who brainstormed ideas, 42% were researchers and 33% were practitioners. The data formed a concept map with 9 distinct clusters. Based on ratings by both researchers and practitioners, the policy research cluster on city planning and design emerged as the most important, with economic evaluation second. Conclusions: Our research agenda sets the stage for new inquiries to better understand the environmental and policy influences on physical activity. C1 [Brownson, Ross C.; Kelly, Cheryl M.; Eyler, Amy A.; Carnoske, Cheryl] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Kelly, Cheryl M.] Transtria LLC, St Louis, MO USA. [Grost, Lisa] Michigan Dept Community Hlth Cardiovasc Hlth Nutr, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Handy, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maddock, Jay E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Off Publ Hlth Studies, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pluto, Delores] Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ritacco, Brian A.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Act Living Res Program, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schmid, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPC DNPA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48/ DP000060] NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 488 EP 503 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OZ UT WOS:000208015400002 PM 18648115 ER PT J AU Bleakley, A Merzel, C Messeri, P Gift, T Malotte, CK Middlestadt, S VanDevanter, N AF Bleakley, Amy Merzel, Cheryl Messeri, Peter Gift, Tom Malotte, C. Kevin Middlestadt, Susan VanDevanter, Nancy TI Check Out That Body: A Community Awareness Campaign in New York City SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Small media campaigns; Preventive health care; Community-based participatory research AB The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the small media campaign in raising community awareness about the importance of going for a health check up. Data were collected over time from 535 respondents ages 15-30 years using cross-sectional surveys in two low-income, predominantly African-American communities in New York city. Regression analyses indicated campaign material recognition at 15 months was significantly higher in the intervention community relative to the comparison community. There were no significant changes in social norms, attitudes, or beliefs. Media campaigns aimed at adolescents and young adults on a community-wide level are an effective means of gaining material recognition. Editors' Strategic Implications: This research illustrates the effect of a public health media campaign on awareness, but it also serves as a reminder to public health officials that awareness is not necessarily sufficient to promote attitudinal or behavioral health changes. C1 [Bleakley, Amy] Univ Penn, Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Merzel, Cheryl] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, New York, NY USA. [Merzel, Cheryl] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Messeri, Peter] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Gift, Tom] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malotte, C. Kevin] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Middlestadt, Susan] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [VanDevanter, Nancy] NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Bleakley, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, 3620 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ableakley@asc.upenn.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10935-008-0141-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V13DZ UT WOS:000207648800005 PM 18581236 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Bernier, RH Sowell, AL AF Barrett, Drue H. Bernier, Roger H. Sowell, Anne L. CA Centers Disease Control TI Strengthening public health ethics at the centers for disease control and prevention SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE ethics consultation; ethics education; ethics guidance; public health; public health ethics ID INFLUENZA AB In early 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched an initiative to strengthen leadership in public health ethics. This resulted in the formation of an external Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee to the Director, an internal CDC Public Health Ethics Committee, and the creation of a new position, the CDC Public Health Ethics Coordinator, to oversee the activities of these two committees and to serve as the main point of contact for public health ethics at the agency. Through this effort, the CDC is collaborating with the Ethics Subcommittee to develop ethical guidance documents that address specific public health program concerns, including pandemic influenza, emergency preparedness and response, and genomics. It is anticipated that as the public health ethics activities grow within the CDC, benefits will be seen in greater participation and partnership with affected stakeholders and strengthened public trust in health recommendations. C1 [Barrett, Drue H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barrett, Drue H.] CDC, Publ Hlth Eth Comm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barrett, Drue H.] CDC, Eth Subcomm Advisory Comm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D-50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DBarrett@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 348 EP 353 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 315CM UT WOS:000256855500006 PM 18552645 ER PT J AU Njenga, MK Traicoff, D Tetteh, C Likimani, S Oundo, J Breiman, R Nyamongo, J Burke, H Nsubuga, P White, ME AF Njenga, M. Kariuki Traicoff, Denise Tetteh, Christopher Likimani, Sopiato Oundo, Joseph Breiman, Robert Nyamongo, Jack Burke, Heather Nsubuga, Peter White, Mark E. TI Laboratory epidemiologist: Skilled partner in field epidemiology and disease surveillance in Kenya SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE applied epidemiology; laboratory management; field epidemiology and laboratory training program; competency-based training; capacity building ID AFRICA AB Although for over 20 years the Field Epidemiology Training Programs ( FETPs) have provided a model for building epidemiology capacity in Ministries of Health worldwide, the model does not address laboratory training and its integration with epidemiology. To overcome this, Kenya added a laboratory management component in 2004, creating the first field epidemiology and laboratory training program ( FELTP) to train both medical and laboratory epidemiologists. Laboratory management and epidemiology candidates were recruited from among degree-holding scientists at the Ministry of Health and trained in both applied epidemiology and laboratory management using a combination of short courses and extensive field placements. The course generated a cohort of laboratory epidemiologists with demonstrated capacity in disease surveillance and management of outbreaks. Early indicators suggest programmatic success: the start of laboratory-based disease reporting and better laboratory involvement in outbreak responses. C1 [Njenga, M. Kariuki; Tetteh, Christopher; Likimani, Sopiato; Oundo, Joseph; Breiman, Robert; Burke, Heather] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Div, KEMRI, Unit 64112, Nairobi, Kenya. [Traicoff, Denise; Nsubuga, Peter; White, Mark E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance & Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nyamongo, Jack] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Div, KEMRI, Unit 64112, Nairobi, Kenya. EM Knjenga@ke.cdc.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0197-5897 EI 1745-655X J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1057/jphp.2008.3 PG 16 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 309BM UT WOS:000256435100001 ER PT J AU Sinha, DN Gupta, PC Reddy, KS Prasad, VM Rahman, K Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S AF Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Gupta, Prakash C. Reddy, K. Srinath Prasad, Vinayak M. Rahman, Khalilur Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira TI Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2003 and 2006 data to tobacco control policy in India SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE smoking and tobacco; international health; child and adolescent health. AB BACKGROUND: India made 2 important policy statements regarding tobacco control in the past decade. First, the India Tobacco Control Act (ITCA) was signed into law in 2003 with the goal to reduce tobacco consumption and protect citizens from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Second, in 2005, India ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). During this same period, India conducted the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2003 and 2006 in an effort to track tobacco use among adolescents. METHODS: The GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13-15 years. Representative national estimates for India in 2003 and 2006 were used in this study. RESULTS: In 2006, 3.8% of students currently smoked cigarettes and 11.9% currently used other tobacco products. These rates were not significantly different than those observed in 2003. Over the same period, exposure to SHS at home and in public places significantly decreased, whereas exposure to pro-tobacco ads on billboards and the ability to purchase cigarettes in a store did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The ITCA and the WHO FCTC have had mixed impacts on the tobacco control effort for adolescents in India. The positive impacts have been the reduction in exposure to SHS, both at home and in public places. The negative impacts are seen with the lack of change in pro-tobacco advertising and ability to purchase cigarettes in stores. The Government of India needs to consider new and stronger provisions of the ITCA and include strong enforcement measures. C1 [Sinha, Dhirendra Narain] Sch Prevent Oncol, Patna 800001, Bihar, India. [Gupta, Prakash C.] Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai, India. [Reddy, K. Srinath] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, New Delhi 110029, India. [Prasad, Vinayak M.] Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi, India. [Rahman, Khalilur] WHO SE Asia Reg Off, Tobacco Free Initiat, New Delhi 110002, India. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sinha, DN (reprint author), Sch Prevent Oncol, A-27 Anandpuri,Boring Canal Rd, Patna 800001, Bihar, India. EM dhirendrasinha1@hotmail.com; pcgupta@healis.org; ksreddy@ccdcindia.org; vinayak63@hotmail.com; RAHMANK@searo.who.int; wcw1@cdc.gov; njones@uwcc.wisc.edu; sea5@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 7 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00316.x PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316SX UT WOS:000256971100002 PM 18611211 ER PT J AU Rankin, JA Grefsheim, SF Canto, CC AF Rankin, Jocelyn A. Grefsheim, Suzanne F. Canto, Candace C. TI The emerging informationist specialty: a systematic review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-SCIENCES LIBRARIANS; BIOINFORMATICS SERVICES; CLINICAL INFORMATICIST; BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH; MEDICAL LIBRARIAN; DECISION-MAKING; CARE; KNOWLEDGE; PROGRAM; SUPPORT AB Purpose: A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize what is known about informationists, highlight program models, and suggest areas for future research. Methods: Articles retrieved through database searching were reviewed for relevance. Informationist case reports were identified and coded according to an attributes checklist. Data from other retained publications were synthesized under broad themes. The few research studies found were reviewed for level of evidence. Results: Of 113 papers reviewed, the study identified 7 classic and 8 emerging informationist programs. Two major models are apparent, clinical and research, with priorities differing according to program maturity. The literature synthesis also brought together current thinking about informationist qualifications; practice roles; setting characteristics; education and training; organizational, programmatic, and service provider success factors; and challenges and barriers. Program outcomes to date are reported, and future research topics suggested. Specific findings will assist informationist program planners. Conclusions: While the informationist concept remains in the early adopter stage, it appears that domain knowledge, continuous learning, and embedding (working in context) are essential to success. The need for librarians to transition to greater specialization and libraries to emphasize customized service was underscored. A research agenda focused on information management, dissemination, behaviors, and economics is proposed. C1 [Rankin, Jocelyn A.] CDC Informat Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grefsheim, Suzanne F.; Canto, Candace C.] NIH, Div Lib Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rankin, JA (reprint author), CDC Informat Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrankin@cdc.gov; grefshes@nih.gov; cantoc@nih.gov NR 130 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 62 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.3163/1536-5050.96.3.005 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 340JB UT WOS:000258640800005 PM 18654656 ER PT J AU Greenwood, Z Black, J Weld, L O'Brien, D Anat, D Leder, K Von Sonnenburg, F Pandey, P Schwartz, E Connor, BA Brown, G Freedman, DO Torresi, J AF Greenwood, Zoe Black, James Weld, Leisa O'Brien, Daniel Anat, Dip Leder, Karin Von Sonnenburg, Frank Pandey, Prativa Schwartz, Eli Connor, Bradley A. Brown, Graham Freedman, David O. Torresi, Joseph CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Gastrointestinal infection among international travelers globally SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEOSENTINEL; COUNTRIES; ETIOLOGY; TOURISTS; NETWORK; RISK AB Background. Data on relative rates of acquisition of gastrointestinal infections by travelers are incomplete. The objective of this study was to analyze infections associated with oral ingestion of pathogens in international travelers in relation to place of exposure. Methods. We performed a multicenter, retrospective observational analysis of 6,086 travelers ill enough with any gastrointestinal infection to seek medical care at a GeoSentinel clinic after completion of travel during 2000 to 2005. We determined regional and country-specific reporting rate ratios (RRRs) in comparison to risk in northern and western Europe. Results. Travel to sub-Saharan Africa (RRR = 282), South America (RRR = 203), and South Asia (RRR = 890) was associated with the greatest rate of gastrointestinal infections. RRRs were moderate (25-142) for travel to Oceania, the Middle East, North Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. RRRs were least (< 28) following travel to southern, central, and eastern Europe; North America; Northeast Asia; and Australasia. Income level of the country visited was inversely proportional to the RRR for gastrointestinal infection. For bacterial and parasitic infections examined separately, the regions group in the same way. RRRs could be estimated for 28 individual countries and together with regional data were used to derive a global RRR map for travel-related gastrointestinal infection. Conclusions. This analysis of morbidity associated with oral ingestion of pathogens abroad determines which parts of the world currently are high-risk destinations. C1 Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Geelong Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Munich, Germany. CIWEC Clin Travel Med Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Travel Hlth Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Melbourne, RMH, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. Univ Alabama Birmingham, William C Gorgas Ctr Geog Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Torresi, J (reprint author), Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. EM josepht@unimelb.edu.au OI Torresi, Joseph/0000-0002-8212-0887; Leder, Karin/0000-0003-1368-1039; Black, James/0000-0002-9287-8712 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1195-1982 EI 1708-8305 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00203.x PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328KT UT WOS:000257798000003 PM 18666921 ER PT J AU Cromeans, TL Lu, XY Erdman, DD Humphrey, CD Hill, VR AF Cromeans, Theresa L. Lu, Xiaoyan Erdman, Dean D. Humphrey, Charles D. Hill, Vincent R. TI Development of plaque assays for adenoviruses 40 and 41 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE human adenoviruses; infectivity assay; plaque assay; cytopathic effect; gastroenteritis viruses ID E1B TRANSCRIPTION MAP; CARCINOMA CELL-LINE; ENTERIC ADENOVIRUS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; TYPE-40; INACTIVATION; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; CULTURE AB Enteric adenoviruses, important agents of infantile gastroenteritis, are difficult to culture with low titers and limited CPE. Consequently, few plaque assays have been reported and none are used routinely by investigators who may need reproducible quantitative assays for these viruses. CPE in A549 cells (an epithelial lung carcinoma cell line) was induced by isolates of human adenovirus (HAdV) serotypes 40 or 41 that were obtained by prior limited passage in primary cynmolgous monkey kidney (pCMK), human embryonic kidney (HEK), and Graham 293 cells. CPE with HAdV 40 (Dugan strain) and HAdV 41 (Tak strain) inoculated in A549 cells was also observed. Monolayers of A549 cells were inoculated with a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the archived stock isolates and harvested at days 10-14 with full CPE. Subsequent passages were harvested in as few as 7 days with 100% CPE to prepare virus stocks for plaque assay. Large individual plaques under agarose overlay were picked prior to staining and clonal stocks prepared. Titers of final stock preparations after six to eight passages in A549 cells were in the range of 5 x 10(7)-1 x 10(8) PFU/ml, which provides adequate virus for quantitative recovery studies. The particle to infectivity (P:I) ratios of the early passages of virus stocks were in the range reported previously. The ratio of non-infectious to infectious particles decreased with successive passages of HAdVs 40 and 41 in A549 cells. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by neutralization of plaques with type-specific antisera. Furthermore, sequence analysis of the HAdVs 40 and 41 plaque forming stocks ruled out contamination with any other HAdVs. The plaque assay developed will be useful for evaluation of virus recovery methods from water, food or other environmental matrices, as well as determination of the efficacy of water treatment techniques for inactivation of these viruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cromeans, Theresa L.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lu, Xiaoyan; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Humphrey, Charles D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, NCZVED, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cromeans, Theresa L.; Hill, Vincent R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCZVED, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cromeans, TL (reprint author), CDC, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM trc1@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 2008 VL 151 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.03.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 326DZ UT WOS:000257639700022 PM 18440077 ER PT J AU Ludlow, LE Lo, MK Rodriguez, JJ Rota, PA Horvath, CM AF Ludlow, Louise E. Lo, Michael K. Rodriguez, Jason J. Rota, Paul A. Horvath, Curt M. TI Henipavirus V protein association with polo-like kinase reveals functional overlap with STAT1 binding and interferon evasion SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NIPAH-VIRUS-V; ALPHA-INTERFERON; BOX DOMAIN; NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION; GAMMA-INTERFERON; PREVENTING STAT1; W-PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS; HENDRA; ACTIVATION AB Emerging viruses in the paramyxovirus genus Henipavirus evade host antiviral responses via protein interactions between the viral V and W proteins and cellular STAT1 and STAT2 and the cytosolic RNA sensor MDA5. Polo-like kinase (PLK1) is identified as being an additional cellular partner that can bind to Nipah virus P, V, and W proteins. For both Nipah virus and Hendra virus, contact between the V protein and the PLK1 polo box domain is required for V protein phosphorylation. Results indicate that PLK1 is engaged by Nipah virus V protein amino acids 100 to 160, previously identified as being the STAT1 binding domain responsible for host interferon (IFN) signaling evasion, via a Thr-Ser-Ser-Pro motif surrounding residue 130. A distinct Ser-Thr-Pro motif surrounding residue 199 mediates the PLK1 interaction with Hendra virus V protein. Select mutations in the motif surrounding residue 130 also influenced STAT1 binding and innate immune interference, and data indicate that the V:PLK1 and V:STAT complexes are V mediated yet independent of one another. The effects of STAT1/PLK1 binding motif mutations on the function the Nipah virus P protein in directing RNA synthesis were tested. Remarkably, mutations that selectively disrupt the STAT or PLK1 interaction site have no effects on Nipah virus P protein-mediated viral RNA synthesis. Therefore, mutations targeting V protein-mediated IFN evasion will not alter the RNA synthetic capacity of the virus, supporting an attenuation strategy based on disrupting host protein interactions. C1 [Ludlow, Louise E.; Rodriguez, Jason J.; Horvath, Curt M.] Northwestern Univ, Pancoe ENH Res Pavil, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ludlow, Louise E.; Rodriguez, Jason J.; Horvath, Curt M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ludlow, Louise E.; Rodriguez, Jason J.; Horvath, Curt M.] Evanston NW Healthcare, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lo, Michael K.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpes Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lo, Michael K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Horvath, CM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Pancoe ENH Res Pavil, Dept Med, 2200 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM horvath@northwestern.edu OI Lo, Michael/0000-0002-0409-7896 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI055733] NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 13 BP 6259 EP 6271 DI 10.1128/JVI.00409-08 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 316KC UT WOS:000256947300017 PM 18417573 ER PT J AU Lai, CY Tsai, WY Lin, SR Kao, CL Hu, HP King, CC Wu, HC Chang, GJ Wang, WK AF Lai, Chih-Yun Tsai, Wen-Yang Lin, Su-Ru Kao, Chuan-Liang Hu, Hsien-Ping King, Chwan-Chuen Wu, Han-Chung Chang, Gwong-Jen Wang, Wei-Kung TI Antibodies to envelope glycoprotein of dengue virus during the natural course of infection are predominantly cross-reactive and recognize epitopes containing highly conserved residues at the fusion loop of domain II SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; TYPE-2 VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN-1; PRECURSOR MEMBRANE; NS1 AB The antibody response to the envelope (E) glycoprotein of dengue virus (DENV) is known to play a critical role in both protection from and enhancement of disease, especially after primary infection. However, the relative amounts of homologous and heterologous anti-E antibodies and their epitopes remain unclear. In this study, we examined the antibody responses to E protein as well as to precursor membrane (PrM), capsid, and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of four serotypes of DENV by Western blot analysis of DENV serotype 2-infected patients with different disease severity and immune status during an outbreak in southern Taiwan in 2002. Based on the early-convalescent-phase sera tested, the rates of antibody responses to PrM and NS1 proteins were significantly higher in patients with secondary infection than in those with primary infection. A blocking experiment and neutralization assay showed that more than 90% of anti-E antibodies after primary infection were cross-reactive and nonneutralizing against heterologous; serotypes and that only a minor proportion were type specific, which may account for the type-specific neutralization activity. Moreover, the E-binding activity in sera of 10 patients with primary infection was greatly reduced by amino acid replacements of three fusion loop residues, tryptophan at position 101, leucine at position 107, and phenylatanine at position 108, but not by replacements of those outside the fusion loop of domain H, suggesting that the predominantly cross-reactive anti-E antibodies recognized epitopes involving the highly conserved residues at the fusion loop of domain H. These findings have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue and for the future design of subunit vaccine against DENV as well. C1 [Lai, Chih-Yun; Tsai, Wen-Yang; Lin, Su-Ru; Hu, Hsien-Ping; Wang, Wei-Kung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Inst Microbiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Wang, Wei-Kung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Kao, Chuan-Liang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Inst Med Technol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [King, Chwan-Chuen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Wu, Han-Chung] Acad Sinica, Inst Cellular & Organism Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Chang, Gwong-Jen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wang, WK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Inst Microbiol, 1 Sec 1,Jen Ai Rd, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM wwang60@yahoo.com RI Wu, Han-Chung/B-1209-2011; OI Wu, Han-Chung/0000-0002-5185-1169; King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601; KAO, CHUAN-LIANG/0000-0002-1020-2605 NR 60 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 13 BP 6631 EP 6643 DI 10.1128/JVI.00316-08 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 316KC UT WOS:000256947300051 PM 18448542 ER PT J AU Jackson, FR Turmelle, AS Farino, DM Franka, R McCracken, GF Rupprecht, CE AF Jackson, Felix R. Turmelle, Amy S. Farino, David M. Franka, Richard McCracken, Gary F. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Experimental rabies virus infection of big brown bats (Eeptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; Eptesicus fuscus; infection; pathogenesis; rabies virus; transmission ID FREE-TAILED BATS; NEW-YORK-STATE; TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; CARNIVORA OPOSSUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPONSES; COLORADO AB A captive colony of adult Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) was experimentally infected with a rabies virus (RABV) variant isolated from the salivary glands of a naturally infected Big Brown Bat and passaged once through murine neuroblastoma cell culture. Bats were divided into into 11 groups, which were composed of one to three noninfected and one to three infected individuals each. Twenty of 38 animals were infected intramuscularly into both left and right masseter muscles; they received a total of 10(3.2) median mouse intracerebral lethal dose (MICLD50) of Big Brown Bat RABV variant. Experimental outcome after viral exposure was if) the bats for 140 days postinoculation (PI). Of 20 infected bats, 16 developed clinical rabies, and the mean incubation period was 24 days (range: 13-52 days). Three infected bats never seroconverted and succumbed early to infection (13 days). Four infected bats that survived until the end of the experiment without any signs of disease maintained detectable antibody titers until the third month PI, peaking between days 13 and 43, and consequent drop-off below the threshold for detection occured by day, 140. Limited excretion of virus in saliva of infected bats during the clinical course of disease was observed ill two individuals on days 13 and 15 PI (<24 hr prior to onset of clinical illness). No bat-to-bat transmission of RABV to noninfected bats was detected. C1 [Jackson, Felix R.; Turmelle, Amy S.; Farino, David M.; Franka, Richard; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Turmelle, Amy S.; McCracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Jackson, FR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 FU National Scienice Foundation-National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [0430418] FX This project was supported by National Scienice Foundation-National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease grant 0430418 to G.F.M. at the University of Tennessee. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided additional support. We thank the following members of the Rabies Program at CDC for their technical support: L Orciari, M. Niezgoda, I. Kuzmin, and P. Yager. We also thank D. Streicker and J. Blanton for assistance with capturing hats and collecting samples, and members of the Animal Resources Branch for their expertise ill animal care and husbandry. Use of trade names and commercial sources are for identification only and do not imply endorsement by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The findings and conclusions ill this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 612 EP 621 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600008 PM 18689646 ER PT J AU Stapp, P Salkeld, DJ Eisen, RJ Pappert, R Young, J Carter, LG Gage, KL Tripp, DW Antolin, MF AF Stapp, Paul Salkeld, Daniel J. Eisen, Rebecca J. Pappert, Ryan Young, John Carter, Leon G. Gage, Kenneth L. Tripp, Daniel W. Antolin, Michael F. TI Exposure of small rodents to plague during epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; epizotics; Onychomys leucogaster; palgue; Yersinia pestis pestis ID MOUSE ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; NEW-MEXICO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERNS; RECORDS; COMPLEX AB Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, causes die-offs of colonies of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). It has been argued that other small rodents are reservoirs for plagus, spreading disease during epizootics and maintaining the pathogen in the absensce of prairie dogs; yet there is little empirical support for distinct enzootic and epizootic cycles. Between 2004 and 2004, we collected blood from small rodents captured in colonies in northern Colorado before, during, and for up to 2 yr after prairie dog epizootics. We screened 1,603 blood samples for antibodies to Y. pestits, using passive hemagglutination and inhibition tests, and for the bacterium itself. Of the four species of rodents that were common in colonies, the nothern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) was the only species with consistent evidence of plauge infection during epizootics, with 11.1-23.1% of mice seropositive for antibody to Y. pestis durng these events. Seropositive grasshopper mice, thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and deer mice (Peromysus maniculatus) were captured the year following epizootics. The appearance of antibodies to Y. pestis in grasshopper mice coincided with periods of high prairie dog mortality; subsequently, antibody prevalence rates declined, with no seropositive individual captured 2 yr after epizootics. We did not detect plague in any rodents off of colonies, or on colonis prior to epizootics, and found no evidence of persistent Y. pestis infection in blood cultures. Our results suggest that grasshopper mice could be involved in epizootic spread of Y. pestis, and possibly, serve as a short-term reservoir of plague, but provide no evidence that the grasshopper mouse or any small rodent acts as a long-term, enzootic host for Y. pestis in prairie dog colonies. C1 [Stapp, Paul; Salkeld, Daniel J.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Salkeld, Daniel J.] IUCN World Conservat Union, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Pappert, Ryan; Young, John; Carter, Leon G.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Tripp, Daniel W.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stapp, P (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. EM pstapp@fullerton.edu FU National Science Foundation [EID-0327052]; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research [DEB-0217631] FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support through the Emerging Infectious Disease program (EID-0327052) the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project (DEB-0217631). We are indebted to M. Schriefer, H. Franklin, J. Kraft, D. Kite, J. Holm, C. Cannon, A. Benson, H. Houghton, C. Knox, C. Wermager, E. Humphrey, and M. Lindquist for their assistance. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 724 EP 730 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600024 PM 18689662 ER PT J AU Thiagarajan, B Bai, Y Gage, KL Cully, JF AF Thiagarajan, Bala Bai, Ying Gage, Kenneth L. Cully, Jack F., Jr. TI Prevalence of yersinia pestis in rodents and fleas associated with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; fleas; Oropsylla hirsute; plague; prevalence; rodents; Yerinia pestis ID ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; COLONIES; MAMMALS; COMPLEX AB Rodents (and their fleas) that are associated with prairie dogs are considered important for the maintenance and trasmission of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague. Our goal was to identify rodent and flea species that were potentially involved in a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs at Thunder Basin National Grassland. We collected blood samples and ectoparasites from rodents trapped at off- and on-colony grids at Thunder Basin National Grassland between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to Y. pestis F-1 antigen by a passive hemagglutination assay, and fleas were tested by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, for the presense of the plague bacterium. Only one of 1,421 fleas, an Oropsylla hirsuta collected in 2002 from a deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, tested positive for Y. pestis. Blood samples collected in summer 2004 from two northern grasshopper mice, Onychomys leucogaster, tested positive for Y. pestis antibodies. All three positive samples were collected from on-colony grids shortly after a plague epizootic occurred. This study confirms that plauge is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off. C1 [Thiagarajan, Bala] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Ying; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Thiagarajan, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bala.kstate@gmail.com NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600025 PM 18689663 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Adimora, AA Fenton, KA AF Aral, Sevgi O. Adimora, Adaoro A. Fenton, Kevin A. TI Understanding and responding to disparities in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in African Americans SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; TRANSMISSION; INEQUALITIES; MORTALITY; NETWORKS C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Fenton, Kevin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Adimora, Adaoro A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfenton@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9635 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61118-6 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 331WH UT WOS:000258042800035 PM 18657713 ER PT J AU Marston, CK Beesley, C Helsel, L Hoffmaster, AR AF Marston, C. K. Beesley, C. Helsel, L. Hoffmaster, A. R. TI Evaluation of two selective media for the isolation of Bacillus anthracis SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; chromogenic anthracis agar; isolation; PLET; selective media ID SPORES AB Aims: To evaluate two selective media, polymyxin, lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, thallium acetate (PLET) agar and R&F Anthracis chromogenic agar (ChrA), for the isolation and selection of Bacillus anthracis. Methods and Results: Sixteen genotypically diverse B. anthracis strains were sub-cultured onto PLET and ChrA to test the sensitivity (ability of B. anthracis to grow and produce expected colony morphology) of both media. Fourteen of the 16 B. anthracis strains produced the expected morphology on PLET (88% sensitive) while 13/16 produced the expected morphology on the ChrA medium (81% sensitive). Seventeen other Bacillus strains and 18 nonBacillus spp. strains were used to evaluate the media's selectivity (ability to inhibit non-B. anthracis growth). PLET inhibited growth of 14/35 strains (40% selective), including six Bacillus strains, while ChrA inhibited 3/35 (9% selective). In addition, we did not observe any differences between the recovered CFU on PLET or ChrA when plating extractions of spiked soil. Conclusions: Polymyxin, lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, thallium acetate agar was more selective and sensitive than ChrA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although both media are more expensive than sheep blood agar, for samples with high numbers of bacteria, they can be used to isolate B. anthracis with proper training and experience and with the knowledge that there are limitations to each media. C1 [Marston, C. K.; Beesley, C.; Helsel, L.; Hoffmaster, A. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marston, CK (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdk5@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02375.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 313EU UT WOS:000256724700005 PM 18554264 ER PT J AU Webber, MP Demas, P Blaney, N Cohen, MH Carter, R Lampe, M Jamieson, D Maupin, R Nesheim, S Bulterys, M AF Webber, Mayris P. Demas, Penelope Blaney, Nancy Cohen, Mardge H. Carter, Rosalind Lampe, Margaret Jamieson, Denise Maupin, Robert Nesheim, Steven Bulterys, Marc TI Correlates of prenatal HIV testing in women with undocumented status at delivery SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prenatal testing; perinatal transmission; rapid HIV testing; HIV/AIDS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; REDUCTION; INFANTS; LABOR AB Objective To determine factors associated with prenatal HIV testing in women who accepted rapid testing at delivery. Methods The mother-infant rapid intervention at delivery (MIRIAD) protocol offered counseling and voluntary HIV testing in six US cities including New York City (NYC). These hospitals are required to document the HIV status of pregnant women or their infants. From January 2002 to January 2005, 653 HIV-negative women were interviewed post-partum. Results 63% of women reported prior HIV testing during the index pregnancy, although their results were not available at delivery. Multivariate logistic modeling identified receipt of prenatal care and delivery in NYC as being associated with having been offered prenatal HIV testing. In a model restricted to women receiving medical care, emergency department (ED) use and delivery outside of NYC were associated with not having been offered testing. In a model restricted to women who were offered prenatal testing, acceptance was associated with delivery outside of NYC. Conclusions Improved documentation of prenatal test results, expanded prenatal testing in non-traditional settings like EDs, and routine voluntary "opt-out" testing during pregnancy may further reduce perinatal HIV transmission. C1 [Webber, Mayris P.; Demas, Penelope] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Blaney, Nancy] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Cohen, Mardge H.] Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Carter, Rosalind] Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. [Lampe, Margaret; Jamieson, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Maupin, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Nesheim, Steven] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Webber, MP (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM mwebber@montefiore.org FU PHS HHS [U64/217724, 417719, 517715, 617734, 479935] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0257-5 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332OL UT WOS:000258092200002 PM 17968642 ER PT J AU Kuklina, EV Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Jamieson, DJ Meikle, SF Posner, SF Marchbanks, PA AF Kuklina, Elena V. Whiteman, Maura K. Hillis, Susan D. Jamieson, Denise J. Meikle, Susan F. Posner, Samuel F. Marchbanks, Polly A. TI An enhanced method for identifying obstetric deliveries: Implications for estimating maternal morbidity SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE obstetric deliveries; obstetric labor complications; international classification of diseases; health care surveys ID PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION; MAGNITUDE; DIAGNOSES AB Objectives The accuracy of maternal morbidity estimates from hospital discharge data may be influenced by incomplete identification of deliveries. In maternal/infant health studies, obstetric deliveries are often identified only by the maternal outcome of delivery code (International Classification of Diseases code = V27). We developed an enhanced delivery identification method based on additional delivery-related codes and compared the performance of the enhanced method with the V27 method in identifying estimates of deliveries as well as estimates of maternal morbidity. Methods The enhanced and standard V27 methods for identifying deliveries were applied to data from the 1998-2004 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample, an annual nationwide representative survey of U.S. hospitalizations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression were used to examine predictors of deliveries not identified using the V27 method. Results The enhanced method identified 958,868 (3.4%) more deliveries than the 27,128,539 identified using the V27 code alone. Severe complications including major puerperal infections (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.8-3.4), hysterectomy (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 5.3-6.8), sepsis (OR = 11.9, 95% CI 10.3-13.6) and respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 16.6, 95% CI 14.4-19.2) were strongly associated with deliveries not identified by the V27 method. Nationwide prevalence rates of severe maternal complications were underestimated with the V27 method compared to the enhanced method, ranging from 9% underestimation for major puerperal infections to 40% underestimation for respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion Deliveries with severe obstetric complications may be more likely to be missed using the V27 code. Researchers should be aware that selecting deliveries from hospital stay records by V27 codes alone may affect the accuracy of their findings. C1 [Kuklina, Elena V.] Quantell Inc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kuklina, Elena V.] Quantell Inc, Taneytown, MD USA. [Whiteman, Maura K.; Hillis, Susan D.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Posner, Samuel F.; Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Posner, Samuel F.] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kuklina, EV (reprint author), Quantell Inc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ekuklina@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 25 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0256-6 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332OL UT WOS:000258092200007 PM 17690963 ER PT J AU Bramlett, MD Blumberg, SJ AF Bramlett, Matthew D. Blumberg, Stephen J. TI Prevalence of children with special health care needs in metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas in the United States SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE children with special health care needs; small-area estimates; metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; county ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; SYSTEMS; CSHCN AB Objectives We estimate the prevalence of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in 70 metropolitan and four micropolitan statistical areas across the United States. Methods The data are from the 2001 National Survey of CSHCN, which was sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau and conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence estimates were generated for 74 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (M/MSAs) and 45 individual counties that were represented by at least 1,000 children in the sample. To generate the estimates, the child-level sample weights (representative at the national and state level) were recalibrated within each M/MSA and county to match Census 2000 counts of the child population by age, sex, and Hispanic ethnicity. Results M/MSA-level and county-level prevalence of CSHCN are compared with national- and state-level prevalence, and within M/MSAs and counties, prevalence is reported by age, sex and race/ethnicity. Most, but not all, M/MSA- or county-level prevalence estimates did not differ significantly from state-level estimates. Some M/MSAs and counties that did not differ from their states in overall prevalence of CSHCN did show some differences in prevalence for certain demographic subgroups. Conclusions Metropolitan health departments and Maternal and Child Health agencies that serve urban areas may find these new small area estimates useful for program planning purposes. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing whether state estimates may approximate local area estimates of the prevalence of CSHCN. C1 [Bramlett, Matthew D.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Blumberg, Stephen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bramlett, MD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2111, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MBramlett@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 488 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0262-8 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332OL UT WOS:000258092200009 PM 17690959 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Kay, RS Shelby, L Cheek, JE AF Dicker, Linda W. Mosure, Debra J. Kay, Robyn S. Shelby, Laura Cheek, James E. CA Region VIII Infertility Prevention TI An Ongoing Burden: Chlamydial Infections among Young American Indian Women SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia; American Indian; Prevalence; Risk factors ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; CRITERIA AB Objectives Studies conducted in the 1980s, when there was limited chlamydia screening, showed high positivity, 23%-30%, among American Indian women. In the 1990s, chlamydia screening and treatment programs were implemented in a variety of settings serving American Indian women including Indian Health Service (IHS) clinics. Yet, a 2000-2001 national survey documented a chlamydia prevalence of 13.3% among young American Indian women, five times higher than the prevalence among whites. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the chlamydia positivity and risk factors for chlamydia among women screened in Indian Health Service (IHS) clinics participating in the National Infertility Prevention Program in 2003. Methods Data were analyzed from 11,485 chlamydia tests performed among women universally screened in 23 IHS clinics in three states (Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota). Sexual risk history and clinical data were collected in the Montana IHS clinics and used to assess risk factors for chlamydial infection in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Chlamydia positivity was highest among 15 19 year old women screened in IHS clinics (state range: 15.3%-18.6%). Positivity decreased with age but remained high even among women aged 30-34 years. Young age and having had multiple or new sex partners in the last 90 days were associated with an increased risk of chlamydia; however, chlamydia positivity was greater than 6.7% for women with no known risk factors. Conclusions A greater emphasis on chlamydia screening and treatment should be a component of any program whose goal is to improve the reproductive health of American Indian women. C1 [Dicker, Linda W.; Mosure, Debra J.; Shelby, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kay, Robyn S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Shelby, Laura; Cheek, James E.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Region VIII Infertility Prevention] JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, Denver, CO USA. RP Dicker, LW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM episouth@comcast.net NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 SU 1 BP S25 EP S29 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0293-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IK UT WOS:000260191200006 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Tucker, M Danielson, M Johnson, CH Snesrud, P Shulman, H AF Kim, Shin Y. Tucker, Myra Danielson, Melissa Johnson, Christopher H. Snesrud, Pelagie Shulman, Holly TI How can PRAMS Survey Response Rates be Improved Among American Indian Mothers? Data from 10 States SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE American Indian; Alaska Native; Improved response rates; Survey; Maternal and child health ID INDIANS/ALASKA NATIVES; ALASKA NATIVES; HEALTH; PREGNANCY AB Objectives To examine the low response rates to the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey for American Indian (AI) mothers by comparing characteristics of AI participants, AI non-participants, non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants, and NHW non-participants. Methods We analyzed 2000-2002 data from states whose population was at least 5% AI or Alaska Native (AN) (n = 10). Mothers who returned a questionnaire (regardless of completion) or who spoke by telephone with PRAMS personnel were defined as contacts. Mothers who completed a PRAMS questionnaire were defined as respondents. We described overall and state-specific maternal characteristics from birth certificates for both those who were contacted and those not contacted and computed contact and response rates. Results Contact rates varied by state, ranging from 49% to 92% for AI and AN mothers and 82-93% for NHW mothers. However, once contacted, most mothers completed a questionnaire (85-99%). Both AI and NHW mothers were less likely to be contacted if they were <29 years of age, unmarried, multiparous and had <= 12 years of education. Conclusions Recognized predictors of response to PRAMS surveys were similar for AI and NHW mothers. Although contact rates among AI mothers were low when compared to whites, both AI and NHW mothers who were successfully contacted had high participation rates. Ultimately, evidence from states with high response rates for AI suggests that successful efforts will require experience and may be state-specific. In addition, increased state and tribal collaboration may facilitate improved PRAMS contact and response rates among C1 [Kim, Shin Y.; Tucker, Myra; Danielson, Melissa; Johnson, Christopher H.; Shulman, Holly] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Snesrud, Pelagie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skim1@cdc.gov OI Danielson, Melissa/0000-0001-9461-0341 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 SU 1 BP S119 EP S125 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0334-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IK UT WOS:000260191200018 ER PT J AU Teran-MacIver, M Larson, K AF Teran-MacIver, Maria Larson, Kristina TI Implications of chemical biological terrorist events for children and pregnant women SO MCN-THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-CHILD NURSING LA English DT Article DE environmental and public health; disaster planning AB During the past decade, the world has become more aware that chemical and biological weapons could be used on civilians as terrorism and that casualties could include children. It is essential that nurses who care for children and pregnant women know how to recognize the effects of this type of weapon on the population and how to alleviate or mitigate their impact. This article reviews key aspects of chemical-biological agents, the consequences of their use, the potential impact of a chemical-biological attack on children and pregnant women, and issues to consider in the event of such a catastrophe. C1 [Teran-MacIver, Maria; Larson, Kristina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teran-MacIver, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mnt0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0361-929X J9 MCN-AM J MATERN-CHIL JI MCN-Am. J. Matern.-Child Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1097/01.NMC.0000326076.03999.ca PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 325TZ UT WOS:000257612500006 PM 18664903 ER PT J AU Quinn, D Lavigne, SV Chambers, C Wolfe, L Chipman, H Cragan, JD Rasmussen, SA AF Quinn, Dorothy Lavigne, Sharon Voyer Chambers, Christina Wolfe, Lori Chipman, Hope Cragan, Janet D. Rasmussen, Sonja A. TI Addressing concerns of pregnant and lactating women after the 2005 hurricanes: The OTIS response SO MCN-THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-CHILD NURSING LA English DT Article DE hurricane; disaster; pregnancy; breastfeeding; teratology information ID TERATOLOGY INFORMATION-SERVICES; EXPOSURE; OUTCOMES; KATRINA; RISK; PERCEPTION; RADIATION; DISASTERS; STRESS; DRUG AB Natural disasters are devastating for anyone affected, but pregnant and breastfeeding women often have specific concerns about the effects of certain exposures (such as infections, chemicals, medications, and stress) on their fetus or breastfed child. For this reason, the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) and the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered to provide information for women and healthcare professionals about the effects of exposures on pregnancy and breastfeeding after the hurricanes of 2005. This service expanded on OTIS's existing telephone counseling and fact sheets. Through this project, fact sheets were created to address specific potential concerns regarding exposures after the hurricanes. The OTIS national toll-free telephone number also was modified to accommodate questions regarding hurricane-related exposures, and several strategies were used to publicize this number as a resource for obtaining hurricane-related exposure information related to pregnancy and breastfeeding. This article describes OTIS's response after the 2005 hurricanes, the challenges encountered in implementing the response, and lessons learned that might be useful to improve the response to the unique needs of this special population after any disaster or public health emergency. C1 [Quinn, Dorothy] Univ Arizona, Arizona Teratol Informat Program, Coll Med & Pharm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lavigne, Sharon Voyer] Univ Connecticut, CT Pregnancy Exposure Informat Serv, Div Human Genet, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT USA. [Chambers, Christina] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chambers, Christina] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wolfe, Lori] Univ N Texas, Texas Teratogen Informat Serv, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Chipman, Hope] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst Genet & Rehabil, Omaha, NE USA. [Cragan, Janet D.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinn, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Teratol Informat Program, Coll Med & Pharm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dquinn@email.arizona.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0361-929X EI 1539-0683 J9 MCN-AM J MATERN-CHIL JI MCN-Am. J. Matern.-Child Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1097/01.NMC.0000326078.49740.48 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 325TZ UT WOS:000257612500007 PM 18664905 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Breen, N Tangka, F Shaw, KM AF Sabatino, Susan A. Coates, Ralph J. Uhler, Robert J. Breen, Nancy Tangka, Florence Shaw, Kate M. TI Disparities in mammography use among US women aged 40-64 years, by race, ethnicity, income, and health insurance status, 1993 and 2005 SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting CY JUN 03-05, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP AcademyHealth DE mammography; disparities; screening ID CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES; EARLY-DETECTION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; NATIONAL BREAST; MEDICAL-CARE; PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; RECALL AB Objective: To examine current disparities in mammography use, and changes in disparities over time by race, ethnicity, income, insurance, and combinations of these characteristics. Research Design: Comparison of cross-sectional surveys of mammography use using the 1993 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Subjects: Women aged 40-64 (1993, n = 4167; 2005, n = 7434). Measures: Mammogram within prior 2 years. Results: In 2005, uninsured women reported the lowest mammography use (38.3%). Though screening increased 6.9 percentage points among low-income, uninsured women, the overall disparity between insured and uninsured women did not change significantly between 1993 and 2005. Screening seems to have declined among middle-income, uninsured women, increasing the gap compared with middle-income, insured women. The lower mammography use in 1993 among American Indian/Alaska Native compared with white women was not present in 2005; however, lower use among Asian compared with white women emerged in 2005. We found no differences between African American and white women. Hispanic women were less likely than non-Hispanic women to report screening in 2005 (58.1% vs. 69.0%). Conclusions: Although mammography use increased for some groups between 1993 and 2005, low-income, uninsured women continued to have the lowest screening rates in 2005 and the disparity for this group was not reduced. The gap in screening use for middle-income, uninsured women increased, resulting from possible declines in mammography even for uninsured women not in poverty. Asian women became less likely to receive screening in 2005. Continuing efforts are needed to eliminate disparities. Increased efforts are especially needed to address the large persistent disparity for uninsured women, including middle-income uninsured women. C1 [Sabatino, Susan A.; Coates, Ralph J.; Uhler, Robert J.; Tangka, Florence; Shaw, Kate M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Breen, Nancy] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway Mailstop K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ssabatino@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 692 EP 700 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817893b1 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 320WJ UT WOS:000257265600008 PM 18580388 ER PT J AU Caspersen, CJ Fulton, JE AF Caspersen, Carl J. Fulton, Janet E. TI Epidemiology of walking and type 2 diabetes SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Walking for Health - Measurement and Research Issues and Challenges CY OCT 13-15, 2005 CL Urbana, IL SP Amer Coll Sports Med, Univ Illinois DE walking; diabetes; epidemiology; exercise; exertion; energy expenditure ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIFE-STYLE; US ADULTS; EXERCISE; WOMEN; MORTALITY; INTERVENTION AB Purpose: Diabetes is prevalent, deadly, serious, and costly. It affects an estimated 20.8 million Americans ill 2005, having doubled from 1980, and is expected to reach at least 29 million by 2050. In 2002, diabetes was responsible for all estimated $132 billion in costs. Diabetes concerns leaders in public health and clinicians, and its personal, social, and economic burdens require preventive efforts such as the promotion of walking. As such, we reviewed the limited epidemiologic data of walking and incident diabetes (two studies) and walking and mortality outcomes among diabetic persons (three studies). Methods: We abstracted information from each paper to identify characteristics of the study population, details of the disease outcomes (diabetes incidence, mortality outcomes, or cardiovascular disease events among persons with diabetes), relative risks, risk reductions, and adjustment for covariates. Results: The reviewed studies were adjusted for important covariates such as age, body mass index, the coexistence of other nonwalking and vigorous activities, and so on and for biases such as differential misclassification of exposure. The strength of the observed reductions in risk were between approximately 20% and 40% for incident diabetes and between 40% and 55% for mortality due to all causes and due to cardiovascular disease (and related nonfatal events). Moderate to faster pace of walking seemed to enhance risk reduction. These reductions fit well with results of earlier reviews of physical activity and diabetes, and basically corresponded to 2-3 h of weekly walking. Conclusion: Available dose-response data between walking and the aforementioned outcomes suggest that public health recommendations for physical activity might also apply to walking in particular. Regardless, important areas remain for future research on walking and diabetes. C1 [Caspersen, Carl J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutrit & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caspersen, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cjcl@cdc.gov RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SU S BP S519 EP S528 DI 10.1097/MSS.0b013e31817c6737 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 319VK UT WOS:000257192300003 PM 18562969 ER PT J AU Freedson, PS Brendley, K Ainsworth, BE Kohl, HW Leslie, E Owen, N AF Freedson, Patty S. Brendley, Keith Ainsworth, Barbara E. Kohl, Harold W., III Leslie, Eva Owen, Neville TI New techniques and issues in assessing walking behavior and its contexts SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Walking for Health - Measurement and Research Issues and Challenges CY OCT 13-15, 2005 CL Urbana, IL SP Amer Coll Sports Med, Univ Illinois DE metabolic responses; self-report; built environment; new technologies ID OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES; ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION; ADULTS PARTICIPATION; ASSOCIATIONS; DETERMINANTS; HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRE; WALKABILITY; EXPENDITURE AB In the first section of this article, we discuss the metabolic responses to walking by describing the economy of walking during different locomotion velocities. Gender, weight status, and growth effects on metabolic responses to walking are reviewed. In the second section, we examine the use of technology to assess walking patterns and behavior in the community. We use an engineering approach for understanding how to measure objects that move, and these methods are used to assess walking used in transportation. In the third part of the paper, we summarize self-report methods that have been used to assess walking behavior and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. We illustrate how self-report methods are used to quantify walking behavior in the surveillance systems that are now widely used to ascertain walking prevalence and temporal changes in different populations. In the final section, we discuss ways of measuring the walkability of neighborhoods and the community to understand the influence of the built environment on walking behavior. C1 [Freedson, Patty S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Kinesiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Brendley, Keith] Artis LLC, Reston, VA USA. [Ainsworth, Barbara E.] Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ USA. [Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Leslie, Eva] Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Owen, Neville] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Freedson, PS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Kinesiol, 30 Eastman Ln, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM psf@kin.umass.edu RI Owen, Neville/F-8329-2010; Owen, Neville/K-5986-2012; OI Owen, Neville/0000-0003-2784-4820; Leslie, Eva/0000-0002-8498-9391 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SU S BP S574 EP S583 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c71e7 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 319VK UT WOS:000257192300009 PM 18562975 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Buchner, DM AF Lee, I-Min Buchner, David M. TI The importance of walking to public health SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Walking for Health - Measurement and Research Issues and Challenges CY OCT 13-15, 2005 CL Urbana, IL SP Amer Coll Sports Med, Univ Illinois DE epidemiology; exercise; intervention; physical activity; public health; walking ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HARVARD ALUMNI HEALTH; LIFE-STYLE CHARACTERISTICS; LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; COLLEGE ALUMNI AB Purpose: There is clear evidence that physical activity, including walking, has substantial benefits for health. This article, prepared as part of the proceedings of a conference on walking and health, discusses the type of walking that produces substantial health benefits, considers several methodological issues pertinent to epidemiologic studies investigating the association of walking and health, and reviews some of the reasons for the large public health importance of walking. Methods: Review of the available literature. Due to space constraints, this is not intended to be a comprehensive review; instead, selected studies are cited to illustrate the points raised. Results: Walking as a healthful form of physical activity began to receive attention in the 1990s due to new recommendations that emphasized moderate-intensity physical activity. The main example of moderate-intensity activity in the 1995 Centers for Disease Control/American College of Sports Medicine recommendation was brisk walking at 3 to 4 mph. Evidence for the health benefits of walking comes largely from epidemiologic studies. When interpreting the data from such studies, it is necessary to consider several methodological issues, including the design of the study, confounding by other lifestyle behaviors, and confounding by other kinds of physical activity. Walking has the potential to have a large public health impact due to its accessibility, its documented health benefits, and the fact that effective programs to promote walking already exist. Conclusions: Walking is a simple health behavior that can reduce rates of chronic disease and ameliorate rising health care costs, with only a modest increase in the number of activity-related injuries. C1 [Lee, I-Min] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lee, I-Min] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Buchner, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med,Dept Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ilee@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 44 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SU S BP S512 EP S518 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c65d0 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 319VK UT WOS:000257192300002 PM 18562968 ER PT J AU Williams, DM Matthews, CE Rutt, C Napolitano, MA Marcus, BH AF Williams, David M. Matthews, Charles E. Rutt, Candace Napolitano, Melissa A. Marcus, Bess H. TI Interventions to increase walking behavior SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Walking for Health - Measurement and Research Issues and Challenges CY OCT 13-15, 2005 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL SP Amer Coll Sports Med HO Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign DE walking; physical activity; exercise; mediated interventions; behavior change ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGNS; OLDER-ADULTS; ACTIVITY PROMOTION; WHEELING WALKS; PROJECT STRIDE; US ADULTS; PRINT AB Walking is the most prevalent and preferred method of physical activity for both work and leisure purposes, thus making it a prime target for physical activity promotion interventions. We identified 14 randomized controlled trials, which tested interventions specifically targeting and assessing walking behavior. Results show that among self-selected samples, intensive interventions can increase walking behavior relative to controls. Brief telephone prompts appear to be as effective as more substantial telephone counseling. Although more research is needed, individual studies support prescriptions to walk 5-7 versus 3-5 d.wk(-1) and at a moderate (vs vigorous) intensity pace, with no differences in total walking minutes when single or multiple daily walking bouts are prescribed. Mediated interventions delivering physical activity promotion materials through non-face-to-face channels may be ideal for delivering walking promotion interventions and have shown efficacy in promoting overall physical activity, especially when theory-based and individually tailored. Mass media campaigns targeting broader audiences, including those who may not intend to increase their physical activity, have been successful at increasing knowledge and awareness about physical activity but are often too diffuse to successfully impact individual behavior change. Incorporating individually tailored programs into broader mass media campaigns may be an important next step, and the Internet could be a useful vehicle. C1 [Williams, David M.; Marcus, Bess H.] Brown Med Sch, Ctr Behav & Prevent Med, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Williams, David M.; Marcus, Bess H.] Miriam Hosp, Ctr Behav & Prevent Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Matthews, Charles E.] Vanderbuilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Vanderbuilt Epidemiol Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Rutt, Candace] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Napolitano, Melissa A.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Williams, DM (reprint author), Brown Med Sch, Ctr Behav & Prevent Med, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Coro Bldg,Suite 500,1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM dwilliams2@lifespan.org RI Williams, David/F-8559-2011; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; matthews, Charles/E-8073-2015 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; matthews, Charles/0000-0001-8037-3103 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64342, HL69866, R01 HL064342, R01 HL064342-07, R01 HL069866]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD43447, K12 HD043447] NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SU S BP S567 EP S573 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c7006 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 319VK UT WOS:000257192300008 PM 18562974 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA Brown, MJ Falk, H AF Meyer, Pamela A. Brown, Mary Jean Falk, Henry TI Global approach to reducing lead exposure and poisoning SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations CY MAY 20-24, 2007 CL Antalya, TURKEY DE lead poisoning; primary prevention; hazard control; environmental health ID BLOOD LEAD; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; RESIDENTIAL PAINT; CHELATION-THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; MEXICO-CITY; BONE LEAD; PHASE-OUT; FOLLOW-UP AB Lead poisoning is an important environmental disease that can have life-long adverse health effects. Most susceptible are children, and most commonly exposed are those who are poor and live in developing countries. Studies of children's blood-lead levels (BLLs) are showing cognitive impairment at increasingly lower BLLs. Lead is dangerous at all levels in children. The sources of lead exposure vary among and within countries depending on past and current uses. Sources of lead may be from historic contamination, recycling old lead products, or from manufacturing new products. In all countries that have banned leaded gasoline, average population BLLs have declined rapidly. In many developing countries where leaded gasoline is no longer used, many children and workers are exposed to fugitive emissions and mining wastes. Unexpected lead threats, such as improper disposal of electronics and children's toys contaminated with lead, continue to emerge. The only medical treatment available is chelation, which can save lives of persons with very high BLLs. However, chelating drugs are not always available in developing countries and have limited value in reducing the sequelae of chronic low dose lead exposure. Therefore, the best approach is to prevent exposure to lead. Because a key strategy for preventing lead poisoning is to identify and control or eliminate lead sources, this article highlights several major sources of lead poisoning worldwide. In addition, we recommend three primary prevention strategies for lead poisoning: identify sources, eliminate or control sources, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meyer, Pamela A.; Falk, Henry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brown, Mary Jean] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop F-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmeyer@cdc.gov NR 83 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.03.003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 342VF UT WOS:000258811000020 PM 18436472 ER PT J AU Kano, R Itamoto, K Okuda, M Inokuma, H Hasegawa, A Balajee, SA AF Kano, Rui Itamoto, Kazuhito Okuda, Masaru Inokuma, Hisashi Hasegawa, Atsuhiko Balajee, S. Arunmozhi TI Isolation of Aspergillus udagawae from a fatal case of feline orbital aspergillosis SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article AB Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant etiological agent of sino-orbital aspergillosis in humans and animals. Here we report for the first time A. udagawae, a previously recognised but rare opportunistic pathogen causing fatal orbital aspergillosis in a cat. Identification of this isolate was secured by comparative sequence based analyses of the ITS and the beta tubulin region. Antifungal susceptibility testing results revealed that this isolate had high in vitro MIC to amphotericin B (AMB) that correlated with in vivo failure of therapy with AMB. C1 [Kano, Rui; Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kano, Rui; Hasegawa, Atsuhiko] Nihon Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kanagawa, Japan. [Itamoto, Kazuhito] Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Surg, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. [Okuda, Masaru] Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Internal Med, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. [Inokuma, Hisashi] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Kano, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rkano@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD JUL PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 360 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01493.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA 309YC UT WOS:000256495100016 PM 18855848 ER PT J AU Valcour, V Haman, A Cornes, S Lawall, C Parsa, AT Glaser, C Yagi, S Tihan, T Bhatnagar, J Geschwind, M AF Valcour, Victor Haman, Aissa Cornes, Susannah Lawall, Carson Parsa, Andrew T. Glaser, Carol Yagi, Shigeo Tihan, Tarik Bhatnagar, Julu Geschwind, Michael TI A case of enteroviral meningoencephalitis presenting as rapidly progressive dementia SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dementia; echovirus; encephalitis; enterovirus; meningitis ID SEVERE ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS; RECOVERY; PCR AB Background A 70-year-old immunocompetent male presented to a memory disorders clinic with a 7-month illness that had begun with somatic complaints including transient right temporal head pain, left buttock pain, and right conjunctival injection. About 3 months after the first signs of illness, the patient had begun to develop insidious cognitive and behavioral decline, which progressed most rapidly in the 2 months before presentation. An assessment completed during hospitalization for intermittent fevers and confusion had not revealed an infectious etiology, although mild pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid had been noted. Upon presentation to the memory disorders clinic, the patient was disoriented, distractible, laughed at inappropriate moments, and followed only one-step commands. He had hypophonic speech and had mildly increased axial tone. He scored 5 out of 30 on the Mini Mental State Examination and was admitted for expedited evaluation. Investigations Physical examination, brain MRI, electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture, autoimmune and paraneoplastic testing, cerebral angiogram, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, enterovirus group-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, and RNA sequencing in brain biopsy samples. Diagnosis Enteroviral meningoencephalitis. Management Intravenous steroids with oral taper and intravenous immunoglobulin. C1 [Valcour, Victor; Haman, Aissa; Cornes, Susannah; Lawall, Carson; Geschwind, Michael] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Parsa, Andrew T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Tihan, Tarik] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Glaser, Carol] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Communicable Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Encephalitis Project, Richmond, CA USA. [Bhatnagar, Julu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Valcour, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Memory & Aging Ctr, 350 Parnassus Ave,Suite 706, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM vvalcour@memory.ucsf.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG021989-01, K23 AG021989-04, K23 AG021989-02, K23 AG021989-05, K23 AG021989, K23 AG021989-03] NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1745-834X J9 NAT CLIN PRACT NEURO JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1038/ncpneuro0804 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 322LB UT WOS:000257375400012 PM 18477991 ER PT J AU Allen, NC Bagade, S McQueen, MB Ioannidis, JPA Kavvoura, FK Khoury, MJ Tanzi, RE Bertram, L AF Allen, Nicole C. Bagade, Sachin McQueen, Matthew B. Ioannidis, John P. A. Kavvoura, Fotini K. Khoury, Muin J. Tanzi, Rudolph E. Bertram, Lars TI Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PUBLISHED RESEARCH; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMMON MUTATION; RISK-FACTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISEASE; COMPLEX; TRIALS; POLYMORPHISMS AB In an effort to pinpoint potential genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, research groups worldwide have published over 1,000 genetic association studies with largely inconsistent results. To facilitate the interpretation of these findings, we have created a regularly updated online database of all published genetic association studies for schizophrenia ('SzGene'). For all polymorphisms having genotype data available in at least four independent case-control samples, we systematically carried out random-effects meta-analyses using allelic contrasts. Across 118 meta-analyses, a total of 24 genetic variants in 16 different genes (APOE, COMT, DAO, DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DTNBP1, GABRB2, GRIN2B, HP, IL1B, MTHFR, PLXNA2, SLC6A4, TP53 and TPH1) showed nominally significant effects with average summary odds ratios of similar to 1.23. Seven of these variants had not been previously meta-analyzed. According to recently proposed criteria for the assessment of cumulative evidence in genetic association studies, four of the significant results can be characterized as showing 'strong' epidemiological credibility. Our project represents the first comprehensive online resource for systematically synthesized and graded evidence of genetic association studies in schizophrenia. As such, it could serve as a model for field synopses of genetic associations in other common and genetically complex disorders. C1 [Allen, Nicole C.; Bagade, Sachin; Tanzi, Rudolph E.; Bertram, Lars] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MIND, Dept Neurol, Genet & Aging Res Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [McQueen, Matthew B.] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Genet, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ioannidis, John P. A.; Kavvoura, Fotini K.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Biomed Res, Ioannina 45110, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bertram, L (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MIND, Dept Neurol, Genet & Aging Res Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM bertram@helix.mgh.harvard.edu RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Bertram, Lars/K-3889-2015 OI Bertram, Lars/0000-0002-0108-124X FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD060726] NR 39 TC 633 Z9 656 U1 6 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1038/ng.171 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 319MA UT WOS:000257166500015 PM 18583979 ER PT J AU Davis, RR AF Davis, Rickie R. TI What do we know about hearing protector comfort SO NOISE & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Comfort; hearing protectors; personal protective equipment AB The purpose of the present article is to review comfort studies on hearing protector devices. Comfort is probably the most important dimension for long-term worker acceptance and effective wear of hearing protectors in noise. A short digression has been made to introduce comfort work from the textile and clothing industries where models of comfort have been attempted and comfort research is much more sophisticated. Finally, presented are some recent efforts by NIOSH to examine issues of hearing protector comfort in greater detail. These efforts include a field study of a semi-custom earplug hearing protector. C1 [Davis, Rickie R.] NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rrd1@cdc.gov OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU NIOSH FX The genesis of this article was a presentation at the NIOSH-NHCA meeting "Barriers to Effective Hearing Protector Usage" in August, 2006 in Covington, KY. Funding for that conference was provided by NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Hearing Loss Prevention Team monies. The author's research was supported by an intramural NIOSH project. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 1463-1741 J9 NOISE HEALTH JI Noise Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 10 IS 40 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.4103/1463-1741.44346 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V15SA UT WOS:000207820500003 PM 19052440 ER PT J AU Ross, R Berentzen, T Bradshaw, AJ Janssen, I Kahn, HS Katzmarzyk, PT Kuk, JL Seidell, JC Snijder, MB Sorensen, TIA Despres, JP AF Ross, R. Berentzen, T. Bradshaw, A. J. Janssen, I. Kahn, H. S. Katzmarzyk, P. T. Kuk, J. L. Seidell, J. C. Snijder, M. B. Sorensen, T. I. A. Despres, J-P. TI Diagnostic in obesity comorbidities - Does the relationship between waist circumference, morbidity and mortality depend on measurement protocol for waist circumference? SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE measurement; morbidity; mortality; waist circumference ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BRITISH WOMENS HEART; TO-HIP RATIO AB There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal protocol for measurement of waist circumference (WC), and no scientific rationale is provided for any of the WC protocols recommended by leading health authorities. A panel of experts conducted a systematic review of 120 studies (236 samples) to determine whether measurement protocol influenced the relationship of WC with morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes and with mortality from all causes and from CVD. Statistically significant associations with WC were reported for 65% (152) of the samples across all outcomes combined. Common WC protocols performed measurement at the minimal waist (33%), midpoint (26%) and umbilicus (27%). Non-significant associations were reported for 27% (64) of the samples. Most of these protocols measured WC at the midpoint (36%), umbilicus (28%) or minimal waist (25%). Significant associations were observed for 17 of the remaining 20 samples, but these were not significant when adjustment was made for covariates. For these samples, the most common WC protocols were the midpoint (35%) and umbilicus (30%). Similar patterns of association between the outcomes and all WC protocols were observed across sample size, sex, age, race and ethnicity. Our findings suggest that WC measurement protocol has no substantial influence on the association between WC, all-cause and CVD mortality, CVD and diabetes. C1 [Ross, R.; Bradshaw, A. J.; Janssen, I.; Katzmarzyk, P. T.; Kuk, J. L.] Queens Univ, Sch Kinesiol & Hlth Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Ross, R.] Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Berentzen, T.; Sorensen, T. I. A.] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Inst Prevent Med, Ctr Hlth & Soc, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Janssen, I.] Queens Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Kahn, H. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Seidell, J. C.; Snijder, M. B.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Hlth Sci, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Despres, J-P.] Hop Laval, Res Ctr, Quebec Heart Inst, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Despres, J-P.] Univ Laval, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Div Kinesiol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Ross, R (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Kinesiol & Hlth Studies, 69 Union St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM rossr@queensu.ca RI Janssen, Ian/B-7700-2009; seidell, jacob/N-7427-2013; OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562; Katzmarzyk, Peter/0000-0002-9280-6022 NR 138 TC 135 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 BP 312 EP 325 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00411.x PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 313IB UT WOS:000256733200002 PM 17956544 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, D Francois, G De Carli, G Shouval, D Pruss-Ustun, A Puro, V Williams, I Lavanchy, D De Schryver, A Kopka, A Ncube, F Ippolito, G Van Damme, P AF Fitzsimons, D. Francois, G. De Carli, G. Shouval, D. Pruess-Uestuen, A. Puro, V. Williams, I. Lavanchy, D. De Schryver, A. Kopka, A. Ncube, F. Ippolito, G. Van Damme, P. TI Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne infections in healthcare workers: guidelines for prevention and management in industrialised countries SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXPOSURE-PRONE PROCEDURES; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PATIENT TRANSMISSION; INJURIES; ANESTHETIST; SETTINGS; RISK AB The Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board (VHPB) convened a meeting of international experts from the public and private sectors in order to review and evaluate the epidemiology of blood-borne infections in healthcare workers, to evaluate the transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses as an occupational risk, to discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and to review recommendations for infected healthcare workers and ( para)medical students. This VHPB meeting outlined a number of recommendations for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in the following domains: application of standard precautions, panels for counselling infected healthcare workers and patients, hepatitis B vaccination, restrictions on the practice of exposure-prone procedures by infected healthcare workers, ethical and legal issues, assessment of risk and costs, priority setting by individual countries and the role of the VHPB. Participants also identified a number of terms that need harmonisation or standardisation in order to facilitate communication between experts. C1 [Francois, G.; Van Damme, P.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hep, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Fitzsimons, D.] World Hlth Organizat, Geneva, Switzerland. [De Carli, G.; Puro, V.; Ippolito, G.] Ist Nazl Malattie Infett IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzan, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. [Shouval, D.] Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Hebrew Univ Hosp, Liver Unit, Jerusalem, Israel. [Pruess-Uestuen, A.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Williams, I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lavanchy, D.] World Hlth Org, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Geneva, Switzerland. [De Schryver, A.] IDEWE Occupat Hlth Serv, Leuven, Belgium. [Kopka, A.] So Gen Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Ncube, F.] Ctr Infect, HPA, HIVSTI Dept, London, England. RP Fitzsimons, D (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hep, Univ Pl 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM guido.francois@ua.ac.be RI De Carli, Gabriella/B-9258-2013; van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013; De Schryver, Antoon/B-6128-2017; OI De Schryver, Antoon/0000-0001-7048-1979; Ippolito, Giuseppe/0000-0002-1076-2979; De Carli, Gabriella/0000-0002-3972-8301 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 446 EP 451 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.032334 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 315OU UT WOS:000256890100003 PM 18562683 ER PT J AU Brim, SN Rudd, RA Funk, RH Callahan, DB AF Brim, Susan N. Rudd, Rose A. Funk, Renee H. Callahan, David B. TI Asthma prevalence among US children in underrepresented minority populations: American Indian/Alaska Native, Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indian SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE asthma; racial disparities; Asian American; American Indian; prevalence ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SCHOOLCHILDREN; COMMUNITIES; ETHNICITY; BIRTH; RACE AB OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to estimate asthma prevalence among US children in racial minority subgroups who have been historically underrepresented in the pediatric asthma literature. These subgroups include American Indian/Alaska Native, Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indian children. We also explored the association between these race categories and asthma after adjusting for demographic and sociodemographic characteristics and explored the effect of place of birth as it relates to current asthma. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Data on all 51 944 children aged 2 to 17 years from the 2001 2005 National Health Interview Survey were aggregated and analyzed to estimate the prevalence of current asthma, lifetime asthma, and asthma attacks according to race and place of birth. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios for current asthma according to race and place of birth while controlling for other demographic and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS. National estimates of current asthma prevalence among the children in the selected minority subgroups ranged from 4.4% in Asian Indian children to 13.0% in American Indian/Alaska Native children. Overall, children born in the United States had greater adjusted odds of reporting current asthma than did children born outside of the United States. CONCLUSIONS. Smaller racial and ethnic minority groups are often excluded from asthma studies. This study reveals that, among children from different Asian American subgroups, wide variation may occur in asthma prevalence. We also found that children born in the United States were more likely than children born outside of the United States to have current asthma. C1 [Brim, Susan N.; Rudd, Rose A.; Funk, Renee H.; Callahan, David B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Callahan, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC Chamblee Campus,4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM duc3@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP E217 EP E222 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3825 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200088 PM 18595967 ER PT J AU Koepke, R Sobel, J Arnon, SS AF Koepke, Ruth Sobel, Jeremy Arnon, Stephen S. TI Global occurrence of infant botulism, 1976-2006 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE Clostridium botulinum; infant botulism; botulinum toxin; epidemiology; Human Botulism Immune Globulin; BabyBIG ID NEUROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BUTYRICUM; DEATH-SYNDROME; LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HONEY; SUDDEN; TOXIN; SOIL AB OBJECTIVE. To summarize the worldwide occurrence of reported infant (intestinal toxemia) botulism cases since first recognition of the disease in 1976. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We collected information on infant botulism cases by active and passive surveillance, by provision of therapeutic Human Botulism Immune Globulin to suspected cases, and by searching the medical literature. We defined a case as laboratory-confirmed botulism that occurred in an infant <= 12 months of age that was not caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin in food. RESULTS. Twenty-six countries representing 5 continents reported the occurrence of at least 1 case of infant botulism among their residents. The United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Italy, and Japan, in this order, reported the largest number of cases. A history of honey exposure was significantly more common among case subjects hospitalized outside of the United States than among those who were recently hospitalized in California. CONCLUSIONS. Most countries have not yet reported cases of infant botulism. This limited reporting of the disease to date contrasts with the known global occurrence of Clostridium botulinum spores in soils and dust and suggests that infant botulism may be underrecognized, underreported, or both. When bulbar palsies, hypotonia, and weakness are present, physicians should consider the possibility of infant botulism even if the patient has not been fed honey. Publication of additional case reports and surveillance summaries will enhance understanding of the occurrence and extent of this underrecognized disease. C1 [Koepke, Ruth; Arnon, Stephen S.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Infant Botulism Treatment & Prevent Program, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Sobel, Jeremy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arnon, SS (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Infant Botulism Treatment & Prevent Program, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Room E-361, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM stephen.arnon@cdph.ca.gov NR 121 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP E73 EP E82 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1827 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200070 PM 18595978 ER PT J AU Cobelens, FGJ Heldal, E Kimerling, ME Mitnick, CD Podewils, LJ Ramachandran, R Rieder, HL Weyer, K Zignol, M AF Cobelens, Frank G. J. Heldal, Einar Kimerling, Michael E. Mitnick, Carole D. Podewils, Laura J. Ramachandran, Rajeswari Rieder, Hans L. Weyer, Karin Zignol, Matteo CA Working Grp MDR-TB Stop TB Part TI Scaling up programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A prioritized research agenda SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXPERIENCED HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; COMMUNITY-BASED THERAPY; MDR-TB; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RAPID DETECTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; HIV-INFECTION C1 [Cobelens, Frank G. J.] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Cobelens, Frank G. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Infect & Immun Amsterdam, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Heldal, Einar] Norwegian Assoc Heart & Lung Patients, Oslo, Norway. [Kimerling, Michael E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Gorgas TB Initiat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Mitnick, Carole D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Podewils, Laura J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ramachandran, Rajeswari] Indian Council Med Res, TB Res Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Rieder, Hans L.] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. [Weyer, Karin] S African MRC, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. [Zignol, Matteo] World Hlth Org, Stop TB Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cobelens, FGJ (reprint author), KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. EM cobelensf@kncvtbc.nl NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1042 AR e150 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050150 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 330VI UT WOS:000257970500009 PM 18613746 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Wei, X Lipscomb, J Irlbeck, D Craig, C Smith, A Bennett, DE Monsour, M Sandstrom, P Lanier, ER Heneine, W AF Johnson, Jeffrey A. Li, Jin-Fen Wei, Xierong Lipscomb, Jonathan Irlbeck, David Craig, Charles Smith, Amanda Bennett, Diane E. Monsour, Michael Sandstrom, Paul Lanier, E. Randall Heneine, Walid TI Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY INFECTION; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; SUPERINFECTION; NEVIRAPINE; LAMIVUDINE; EFAVIRENZ AB Background Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance can compromise initial antiretroviral therapy (ART); therefore, its detection is important for patient management. The absence of drug- associated selection pressure in treatment-naive persons can cause drug- resistant viruses to decline to levels undetectable by conventional bulk sequencing (minority drug-resistant variants). We used sensitive and simple tests to investigate evidence of transmitted drug resistance in antiretroviral drug- naive persons and assess the clinical implications of minority drug- resistant variants. Methods and Findings We performed a cross- sectional analysis of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and a casecontrol study of the impact of minority drug resistance on treatment response. For the crosssectional analysis, we examined viral RNA from newly diagnosed ART- naive persons in the US and Canada who had no detectable (wild type, n = 205) or one or more resistance- related mutations (n = 303) by conventional sequencing. Eight validated real- time PCR- based assays were used to test for minority drug resistance mutations ( protease L90M and reverse transcriptase M41L, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y) above naturally occurring frequencies. The sensitive real- time PCR testing identified one to three minority drug resistance mutation(s) in 34/ 205 (17%) newly diagnosed persons who had wild- type virus by conventional genotyping; four (2%) individuals had mutations associated with resistance to two drug classes. Among 30/ 303 (10%) samples with bulk genotype resistance mutations we found at least one minority variant with a different drug resistance mutation. For the case-control study, we assessed the impact of three treatment- relevant drug resistance mutations at baseline from a separate group of 316 previously ART-naive persons with no evidence of drug resistance on bulk genotype testing who were placed on efavirenz-based regimens. We found that 7/ 95 (7%) persons who experienced virologic failure had minority drug resistance mutations at baseline; however, minority resistance was found in only 2/ 221 (0.9%) treatment successes (Fisher exact test, p = 0.0038). Conclusions These data suggest that a considerable proportion of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is undetected by conventional genotyping and that minority mutations can have clinical consequences. With no treatment history to help guide therapies for drug- naive persons, the findings suggest an important role for sensitive baseline drug resistance testing. C1 [Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Li, Jin-Fen; Wei, Xierong; Lipscomb, Jonathan; Smith, Amanda; Bennett, Diane E.; Monsour, Michael; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Irlbeck, David; Lanier, E. Randall] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Craig, Charles] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Stevenage, Herts, England. [Sandstrom, Paul] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV & Retrovirol Labs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM JJohnson1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 225 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1112 EP 1122 AR e158 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050158 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 330VI UT WOS:000257970500017 PM 18666824 ER PT J AU Chenine, AL Shai-Kobiler, E Steele, LN Ong, H Augostini, P Song, RJ Lee, SJ Autissier, P Ruprecht, RM Secor, WE AF Chenine, Agnes-Laurence Shai-Kobiler, Ela Steele, Lisa N. Ong, Helena Augostini, Peter Song, Ruijiang Lee, Sandra J. Autissier, Patrick Ruprecht, Ruth M. Secor, W. Evan TI Acute Schistosoma mansoni Infection Increases Susceptibility to Systemic SHIV Clade C Infection in Rhesus Macaques after Mucosal Virus Exposure SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; HELMINTH INFECTION; MALE CIRCUMCISION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; UGANDAN ADULTS; RNA LOAD; T-CELL AB Background: Individuals living in sub-Saharan Africa represent 10% of the world's population but almost 2/3 of all HIV-1/AIDS cases. The disproportionate HIV-1 infection rates in this region may be linked to helminthic parasite infections that affect many individuals in the developing world. However, the hypothesis that parasite infection increases an individual's susceptibility to HIV-1 has never been prospectively tested in a relevant in vivo model. Methodology/Principal Findings: We measured whether pre-existing infection of rhesus monkeys with a parasitic worm would facilitate systemic infection after mucosal AIDS virus exposure. Two groups of animals, one consisting of normal monkeys and the other harboring Schistosoma mansoni, were challenged intrarectally with decreasing doses of R5-tropic clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-C). Systemic infection occurred in parasitized monkeys at viral doses that remained sub-infectious in normal hosts. In fact, the 50% animal infectious (AID(50)) SHIV-C dose was 17-fold lower in parasitized animals compared to controls (P < 0.001). Coinfected animals also had significantly higher peak viral RNA loads than controls (P < 0.001), as well as increased viral replication in CD4(+) central memory cells (P=0.03). Conclusions/Significance: Our data provide the first direct evidence that acute schistosomiasis significantly increases the risk of de novo AIDS virus acquisition, and the magnitude of the effect suggests that control of helminth infections may be a useful public health intervention to help decrease the spread of HIV-1. C1 [Chenine, Agnes-Laurence; Shai-Kobiler, Ela; Ong, Helena; Song, Ruijiang; Ruprecht, Ruth M.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chenine, Agnes-Laurence; Shai-Kobiler, Ela; Song, Ruijiang; Ruprecht, Ruth M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Steele, Lisa N.; Augostini, Peter; Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, Sandra J.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Autissier, Patrick] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chenine, AL (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ruth_ruprecht@dfci.harvard.edu; was4@cdc.gov RI Greenberg, Robert/D-1091-2009 FU National Institutes of Health [R56 A1062515, P01 A1348240] FX This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R56 A1062515 and P01 A1348240 to RMR. LNS was an Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Fellow sponsored by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the CDC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 AR e265 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000265 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385IE UT WOS:000261807100006 PM 18648516 ER PT J AU Liu, WM Worobey, M Li, YY Keele, BF Bibollet-Ruche, F Guo, YY Goepfert, PA Santiago, ML Ndjango, JBN Neel, C Clifford, SL Sanz, C Kamenya, S Wilson, ML Pusey, AE Gross-Camp, N Boesch, C Smith, V Zamma, K Huffman, MA Mitani, JC Watts, DP Peeters, M Shaw, GM Switzer, WM Sharp, PM Hahn, BH AF Liu, Weimin Worobey, Michael Li, Yingying Keele, Brandon F. Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic Guo, Yuanyuan Goepfert, Paul A. Santiago, Mario L. Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N. Neel, Cecile Clifford, Stephen L. Sanz, Crickette Kamenya, Shadrack Wilson, Michael L. Pusey, Anne E. Gross-Camp, Nicole Boesch, Christophe Smith, Vince Zamma, Koichiro Huffman, Michael A. Mitani, John C. Watts, David P. Peeters, Martine Shaw, George M. Switzer, William M. Sharp, Paul M. Hahn, Beatrice H. TI Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzees SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PAN-TROGLODYTES-TROGLODYTES; GOMBE-NATIONAL-PARK; VIRAL REPLICATION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; HIV-1; TRANSMISSION; MONKEYS AB Identifying microbial pathogens with zoonotic potential in wild-living primates can be important to human health, as evidenced by human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and Ebola virus. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ancient retroviruses that infect Old and New World monkeys and apes. Although not known to cause disease, these viruses are of public health interest because they have the potential to infect humans and thus provide a more general indication of zoonotic exposure risks. Surprisingly, no information exists concerning the prevalence, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity of SFVs in wild-living monkeys and apes. Here, we report the first comprehensive survey of SFVcpz infection in free-ranging chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using newly developed, fecal-based assays. Chimpanzee fecal samples (n = 724) were collected at 25 field sites throughout equatorial Africa and tested for SFVcpz-specific antibodies (n = 706) or viral nucleic acids (n = 392). SFVcpz infection was documented at all field sites, with prevalence rates ranging from 44% to 100%. In two habituated communities, adult chimpanzees had significantly higher SFVcpz infection rates than infants and juveniles, indicating predominantly horizontal rather than vertical transmission routes. Some chimpanzees were co-infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz); however, there was no evidence that SFVcpz and SIVcpz were epidemiologically linked. SFVcpz nucleic acids were recovered from 177 fecal samples, all of which contained SFVcpz RNA and not DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of partial gag (616 bp), pol-RT (717 bp), and pol-IN (425 bp) sequences identified a diverse group of viruses, which could be subdivided into four distinct SFVcpz lineages according to their chimpanzee subspecies of origin. Within these lineages, there was evidence of frequent superinfection and viral recombination. One chimpanzee was infected by a foamy virus from a Cercopithecus monkey species, indicating cross-species transmission of SFVs in the wild. These data indicate that SFVcpz (i) is widely distributed among all chimpanzee subspecies; (ii) is shed in fecal samples as viral RNA; (iii) is transmitted predominantly by horizontal routes; (iv) is prone to superinfection and recombination; (v) has co-evolved with its natural host; and (vi) represents a sensitive marker of population structure that may be useful for chimpanzee taxonomy and conservation strategies. C1 [Liu, Weimin; Li, Yingying; Keele, Brandon F.; Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic; Guo, Yuanyuan; Goepfert, Paul A.; Shaw, George M.; Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Worobey, Michael] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Santiago, Mario L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N.] Univ Kisangani, Fac Sci, Kisangani, Zaire. [Neel, Cecile; Peeters, Martine] IRD, Montpellier, France. [Neel, Cecile; Peeters, Martine] Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France. [Neel, Cecile] Projet Prevent Sida Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Clifford, Stephen L.] Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. [Sanz, Crickette; Boesch, Christophe] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany. [Wilson, Michael L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anthropol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Pusey, Anne E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Ctr Primate Studies, Jan Goodall Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gross-Camp, Nicole] Antioch New England Grad Sch, Keene, NH USA. [Smith, Vince] Gorilla Org, Kigali, Rwanda. [Zamma, Koichiro] Great Ape Res Inst, Hayashibara Biochem Labs, Okayama, Japan. [Huffman, Michael A.] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Sect Ecol, Aichi, Japan. [Mitani, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Watts, David P.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sharp, Paul M.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Hahn, BH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM bhahn@uab.edu RI Sharp, Paul/F-5783-2010; OI Sharp, Paul/0000-0001-9771-543X; Santiago, Mario L./0000-0001-7792-2706 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 AI50529, R01 AI58715, R01 AI44596]; UAB Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI 27767]; Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center [RR-00165]; Bristol Myers Freedom to Discover Program and the Jane Goodall Institute; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR); Great Ape Conservation Fund of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Conservation Society's Congo Program; Max Planck Society in Germany; Kyoto University Primate Research Institute; National Science Foundation [BCS-0215622, IOB-0516644]; Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA [ANRS-12125] FX This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (R01 AI50529, R01 AI58715, R01 AI44596), the UAB Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI 27767), the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center (RR-00165), the Bristol Myers Freedom to Discover Program and the Jane Goodall Institute. MW is funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; BFK by a fellowship from the Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR); CS by the Great Ape Conservation Fund of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Conservation Society's Congo Program; CB by the Max Planck Society in Germany; MAH by the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute Special Project Funds for Overseas Research; JCM by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0215622 and IOB-0516644); and MP by the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS-12125). NR 79 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 AR e1000097 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000097 PG 22 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 356MT UT WOS:000259783000003 PM 18604273 ER PT J AU Gregory, CO Blanck, HM Gillespie, C Maynard, LM Serdula, MK AF Gregory, Cria O. Blanck, Heidi M. Gillespie, Cathleen Maynard, L. Michele Serdula, Mary K. TI Perceived health risk of excess body weight among overweight and obese men and women: Differences by sex SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE perceived health risk; obesity; weight loss ID LOSE WEIGHT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DISEASE; PREVENTION; READINESS; BEHAVIORS; HEIGHT; ADULTS; AGE AB Objectives. To describe perceptions of health risk from excess body weight among adults, and assess if lack of perceived risk was associated with trying to lose weight. Methods. Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to determine odds of disagreement that one's weight is a health risk and odds of trying to lose weight among overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2), n = 1296) and obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2), n = 1335) adult participants in the 2004 Styles' surveys. Results. Men were more likely than women to disagree their body weight was a health risk (among the overweight, 62% vs. 43%; the obese 20% vs. 14% obese). Disagreement with risk was associated with good health status and race/ethnicity among both sexes and lower education and income among women. Odds of currently trying to lose weight were significantly lower among obese men who disagreed, and overweight men and women who were neutral or disagreed that their body weight was a health risk. Conclusions. Many overweight and obese adults do not perceive their weight to be a health risk; this perception was associated with lower prevalence of trying to lose weight, particularly among men. Discussion by clinicians about the health risks of excess weight may alter perceived risk and help promote weight loss efforts. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Blanck, Heidi M.; Gillespie, Cathleen; Maynard, L. Michele; Serdula, Mary K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gregory, Cria O.; Blanck, Heidi M.; Serdula, Mary K.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hblanck@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 324VE UT WOS:000257546700007 PM 18289656 ER PT J AU Frank, E Modi, S Elon, L Coughlin, SS AF Frank, Erica Modi, Surbhi Elon, Lisa Coughlin, Steven S. TI US medical students' attitudes about patients' access to care SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE medical students; physicians; access to care; universal access; managed care ID MANAGED CARE; PHYSICIANS; SCHOOL; SYSTEM AB Objective. Accessing adequate medical services remains a major struggle for many Americans, but U.S. medical students' beliefs regarding access to care have not been thoroughly examined. Methods. All medical students in the Class of 2003 at 16 U.S. schools were eligible to complete three questionnaires during their medical training: during freshman orientation, orientation to wards, and their senior year (n=2316, response rate=80.3%). Students responded to three questions about health care provision. Results. Overall, 35% of students strongly agreed that "physicians have a responsibility to take care of patients regardless of their ability to pay;" only 5% disagreed. Only 8% disagreed that "access to basic health care is a fundamental human right." We found the same significant associations with opinions on access as we did with "responsibility to treat," although the associations tended to be stronger for access. Only 10% of students agreed that "Managed care, as it is now delivered, is a good way to deliver health care to the U.S. population." Conclusion. Most U.S. medical students support universal access to medical care, though variations in this support, its decline with additional years of medical education, and concerns about managed care are noteworthy, and have policy implications for America's health and health care workforce. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Frank, Erica] Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Frank, Erica; Modi, Surbhi] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Elon, Lisa] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, 5804 Fairview Ave, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM erica.frank@ubc.ca NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 324VE UT WOS:000257546700024 PM 18272212 ER PT J AU Bogart, LM Howerton, D Lange, J Becker, K Setodji, CM Asch, SM AF Bogart, Laura M. Howerton, Devery Lange, James Becker, Kirsten Setodji, Claude Mfssan Asch, Steven M. TI Scope of in rapid HIV testing in urban US hospitals SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LOW-PREVALENCE DISEASES; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; REVISED RECOMMENDATIONS; SERVICES UTILIZATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; EXPERIENCE; ROUTINE AB Objective. The present study examined the scope of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in urban U.S. hospitals. Methods. In a multistage national probability sample, 12 primary metropolitan statistical areas (three per region) were sampled randomly, with weights proportionate to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) populations. All 671 eligible hospitals within areas were selected. Laboratory staff from 584 hospitals (87%) were interviewed by telephone in 2005. Results. About 52% reported rapid HIV test availability (50% in occupational health, 29% in labor and delivery, and 13% in emergency department/urgent care), and 86% of hospitals offering rapid tests processed them in the laboratory. In multivariate models, rapid test availability was more likely in hospitals serving more patients, and located in high-poverty, high-AIDS prevalence areas, and in the South or Midwest vs. West. It was less likely in hospitals serving areas with large percentages of people who were black/African American or Hispanic/Latino (p<0.05). Conclusions. Rapid HIV testing is increasing across urban U.S. hospitals, primarily for occupational exposure and in hospitals with greater resources and need. To achieve routine HIV screening, policies should encourage greater breadth of diffusion of rapid testing at the point of care, especially in smaller facilities, the West, and communities with racial/ethnic diversity. C1 [Bogart, Laura M.; Becker, Kirsten; Setodji, Claude Mfssan; Asch, Steven M.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Howerton, Devery; Lange, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asch, Steven M.] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Asch, Steven M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bogart, LM (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM lbogart@rand.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000056, U48/DP000056]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U65/CCU924523-01] NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 123 IS 4 BP 494 EP 503 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 310ZX UT WOS:000256570700013 PM 18763412 ER PT J AU Miriti, MK Billah, K Weinbaum, C Subiadur, J Zimmerman, R Murray, P Gunn, R Buffington, J AF Miriti, M'Kiaira K. Billah, Kaafee Weinbaum, Cindy Subiadur, Julie Zimmerman, Richard Murray, Paula Gunn, Robert Buffington, Joanna TI Economic benefits of hepatitis B vaccination at sexually transmitted disease clinics in the US SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PREVENTION SERVICES; CHRONIC CARRIERS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; STD CLINICS; RISK; IMMUNIZATION AB Objective. This study assessed the long-term economic implications of a national program to vaccinate all adults treated at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in a single year. Methods. A model was developed to track the long-term disease outcomes and costs among a hypothetical cohort of 2 million STD clinic clients accessing services in one year, using data from published sources and demonstration projects at STD clinics in San Diego (California), Illinois, and Denver (Colorado). The model estimated net economic benefits of a routine hepatitis B vaccination policy at STD clinics nationwide compared with no vaccination. Results. Without a vaccination program, an estimated 237,021 new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections would occur over the lifetimes of the 2 million STD clinic clients seen in a single year. HBV-related medical costs and productivity losses would be $1.6 billion. In a national program for routine vaccination at STD clinics, 1.3 million adults would be expected to receive at least one vaccine dose, and an estimated 45% of the new HBV infections expected without vaccination would be prevented. The vaccination program would cost $138 million, HBV infections occurring despite the program would cost $878 million, and clients' time and travel would cost $45 million. The net economic benefit (savings) of routine vaccination would be $526 million. If the indirect costs of lost productivity due to HBV infection are not considered, routine vaccination would have a net cost of $28 million. Conclusions. Estimates from this model suggest a national program for routine hepatitis B vaccination of adults at STD clinics would be a cost saving to society. C1 [Miriti, M'Kiaira K.; Billah, Kaafee; Weinbaum, Cindy; Buffington, Joanna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zimmerman, Richard] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Subiadur, Julie] Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Murray, Paula; Gunn, Robert] Publ Hlth Serv, Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego Cty, CA USA. RP Weinbaum, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Cweinbaum@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50CCU/919053, U50CCU/519083] NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 123 IS 4 BP 504 EP 513 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 310ZX UT WOS:000256570700014 PM 18763413 ER PT J AU Branson, RD Rubinson, L AF Branson, Richard D. Rubinson, Lewis TI Noninvasive ventilation during a mass-casualty event - Response SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Letter ID POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; TRIAL; MULTICENTER; CARE; ARDS C1 [Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Qual Promot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Branson, RD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, 231 Bethesda Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 7 BP 917 EP 920 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 327LB UT WOS:000257729500015 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Sullins, DP AF Gillum, R. F. Sullins, D. Paul TI Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: Independent associations with religious participation SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Mid-Year Research Conference of the American-Pychological-Association-Section CY MAR 02, 2007 CL Columbia, MD SP Amer Psychol Assoc Sect DE smoking; Hispanics; religion; pregnancy; African-Americans ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MATERNAL SMOKING; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; WOMEN; INVOLVEMENT; BEHAVIORS AB Objective: Data from a national health survey were used to test the hypothesis of a negative association of smoking in pregnancy and three measures of religious participation and importance. Methods: The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth included 2395 women aged 15 to 44 years with a history of at least one pregnancy in the five years before interview. An association between religious participation and cigarette smoking during the last pregnancy was assessed in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The rate of smoking during the last pregnancy was 4% (95% confidence limit [CL] 2-7%) among those who attended service more than once weekly and 24% (95% CL 20-30%) among those who never attended (chi-square 68, P < 0.0001). In logistic regression models compared with those who never attended, those attending once a week or more were only one-fifth as likely to smoke during pregnancy among European Americans (adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence limits of 0.22, 0.12-0.39) and Hispanics (0.28 95% CL, 0.11-0.73), and one-half as likely to smoke among African Americans (0.53 95% CL, 0.16-1.69). Significant associations were also observed for affiliation and importance of religion. Conclusion: The frequency of attendance at religious services, affiliation, and importance were independently inversely associated with smoking during pregnancy in American women. The strength of these associations varied among ethnic groups. C1 [Gillum, R. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Sociol, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6323, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov RI Sullins, Donald/C-9417-2013 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-4348 EI 1541-8243 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323VX UT WOS:000257477600008 PM 18580727 ER PT J AU Zhuang, F Chittur, KK Hayes, DG Mount, DL Smith, SC AF Zhuang, Fei Chittur, Krishnan K. Hayes, Douglas G. Mount, Dwight L. Smith, Stephen C. TI Simple and inexpensive preparation of long-lasting insecticidal nets via co-adsorption of pyrethroid and oligomer SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bed nets; deltamethrin; 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; insecticide-treated nets; long-lasting insecticidal nets; malaria; malaria bed nets; mosquito protection; oligomerization; pyrethroids; wash-durable bed nets ID MALARIA; PREVENTION; BEDNETS; DELTAMETHRIN; RESISTANCE AB Insecticide-treated bed nets, or Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), are valuable tools in the effort to control mosquitoes (Anopheles, gambiae), the carriers of the malaria parasite, in Africa. Insecticide (pyrethroid) is retained by LLINs when subjected to washing, which allows for their long-term effectiveness. A simple and inexpensive method for preparing LLINs based upon the co-adsorption of the pyrethroid deltamethrin and oligomer or monomer when commercial nets are dipped in aqueous solution is described here. An aqueous solution of monomer, 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, or its oligomers, was first prepared. The net was soaked in the aqueous solution for a few minutes, then subjected to the removal of its excess water. The majority of experiments involved in situ oligomerization by exposing the treated net to sunlight and warm ambient temperatures. LLINs synthesized in the laboratory as such retained 7090 % of their ability to kill mosquitoes after six successive washes and 70 % of their original deltamethrin content, both benchmarks of which were comparable to the performance of 1(st) generation commercial LLIN products. A cost analysis indicated that chemicals required for the derivatization solution would cost only an additional 1.15 USD beyond that of the pyrethroid. The approach developed here to prepare LLINs from local or selected sources of bed nets and insecticide agents allows for their preparation in remote settings, would reduce costs, and simplify the transportation and distribution compared to employing commercial LLINs prepared abroad, and may also be valuable for modifying military, agricultural, and outdoor sports textiles. C1 [Zhuang, Fei; Chittur, Krishnan K.; Hayes, Douglas G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mount, Dwight L.; Smith, Stephen C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hayes, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dhayes1@utk.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 7 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1177/0040517508089756 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 319YG UT WOS:000257200300005 ER PT J AU Kohli, A Bushen, OY Pinkerton, RC Houpt, E Newman, RD Sears, CL Lima, AAM Guerrant, RL AF Kohli, Anita Bushen, Oluma Y. Pinkerton, Relana C. Houpt, Eric Newman, Robert D. Sears, Cynthia L. Lima, Aldo A. M. Guerrant, Richard L. TI Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian children SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Giardia; diarrhoea; lactoferrin; cysts; genotype; Brazil ID ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA PROBE; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOTYPE; LAMBLIA; INTERLEUKIN-8; LACTOFERRIN AB Data on the relationship between the two genotypes of Giardia duadenalis that infect humans, assemblages A and 13, their clinical presentation and intestinal inflammation are limited. We analyzed 108 stool samples previously collected for a diarrhoea( study among Brazilian children, representing 71 infections in 47 children. Assemblage B was most prevalent, accounting for 43/58 (74.1%) infections, while assemblage A accounted for 9/58 (15.5%) infections and 6/58 (10.3%) infections were mixed (contained both assemblage A and B). There was no significant difference in diarrhoeal symptoms experienced during assemblage A, B or mixed infections. Children with assemblage B demonstrated greater variability in G. duodenalis cyst shedding but at an overall greater level (n = 43, mean 3.6 x 10(5), range 5.3 x 10(2)-2.5 x 10(6) cysts/ml) than children infected with assemblage A (n = 9, mean 1.4 x 10(5), range 1.5 x 10(4)-4.6 x 10(5) cysts/mL; P = 0.009). Children with mixed infections shed more cysts (mean 8.3 x 10(5), range 3.1 x 10(4)-2.8 x 10(6) cysts /ml) than children with assemblage A or B atone (P = 0.069 and P = 0.046 respectively). This higher rate of cyst shedding in children with assemblage B may promote its spread, accounting for its increased incidence. Additionally, second and third infections had decreasing faecal lactoferrin, suggesting some protection against severity, albeit not against infection, by prior infection. (C) 2008 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohli, Anita; Bushen, Oluma Y.; Pinkerton, Relana C.; Houpt, Eric; Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Kohli, Anita] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sears, Cynthia L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sears, Cynthia L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Clin Res Unit, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Lima, Aldo A. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Biomed, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Kohli, A (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, MR4 Lane Rd,Room 3146, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM akohti@virginia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI 007046, T32 AI007046, U01 AI 026512, U01 AI026512, U01 AI026512-100001, U54 AI 57168, U54 AI057168, U54 AI057168-010005] NR 33 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 102 IS 7 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 329FB UT WOS:000257851200015 PM 18485429 ER PT J AU Mohammed, H Linnen, JM Munoz-Jordan, JL Tomashek, K Foster, G Broulik, AS Petersen, L Stramer, SL AF Mohammed, Hamish Linnen, Jeffrey M. Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Tomashek, Kay Foster, Gregory Broulik, Amy S. Petersen, Lyle Stramer, Susan L. TI Dengue virus in blood donations, Puerto Rico, 2005 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HEPATITIS-C; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; ASSAY; RNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: A single instance of transfusion-transmitted dengue infection has been reported. The high incidence of dengue in endemic countries, the high proportion of asymptomatic infection, and the median 5-day viremia, however, suggest that transfusion-associated dengue transmission may be more widespread than documented. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) RNA was determined in all blood donations to the American Red Cross in Puerto Rico from September 20 to December 4, 2005, using a specific type of nucleic acid amplification test called transcription-mediated amplification (TMA). TMA-positive donations were defined as those having two repeatedly reactive TMA results. TMA-positive donations were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), and by viral culture. RESULTS: Twelve (0.07%) of 16,521 blood donations tested were TMA-positive. Four were positive by RT-PCR (DENV serotypes 2 and 3). Virus was cultured from 3 of 4 RT-PCR-positive donations. One of the 12 TMA-positive donations was IgM-positive. Only 5 donations remained TMA-positive when diluted 1:16, as is done for routine minipool screening for other transfusion-transmissible viral infections (hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency, West Nile viruses [WNVs]). CONCLUSION: Nearly 1 in 1000 blood donations contained DENV RNA, and virus could be cultured from TMA-positive donations, suggesting a transfusion transmission risk similar to that which existed in the United States for WNV before universal donation screening. Similar to WNV, IgM antibody screening is likely to be ineffective, and some potentially infectious donations will be missed by minipool screening. Transfusion transmission should be considered in patients with dengue after blood transfusion. C1 [Mohammed, Hamish] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mohammed, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM hmohammed@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1348 EP 1354 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01771.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 322PB UT WOS:000257386700012 PM 18503611 ER PT J AU Linnen, JM Vinelli, E Sabino, EC Tobler, LH Hyland, C Lee, TH Kolk, DP Broulik, AS Collins, CS Lanciotti, RS Busch, MP AF Linnen, Jeffrey M. Vinelli, Elizabeth Sabino, Ester C. Tobler, Leslie H. Hyland, Catherine Lee, Tzong-Hae Kolk, Daniel P. Broulik, Amy S. Collins, Cynthia S. Lanciotti, Robert S. Busch, Michael P. TI Dengue viremia in blood donors from Honduras, Brazil, and Australia SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MUCOCUTANEOUS TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODY; ASSAY; RNA; PATHOGENESIS; TYPE-1 AB BACKGROUND: Dengue fever and hemorrhagic disease are caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1 to -4), mosquito-borne flaviviruses with increasing incidence, and expanding global distributions. Documented transfusion transmission of West Nile virus raised concern regarding transfusion-transmitted DENV. METHODS: A DENV RNA assay was developed based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) blood screening assays routinely used by blood centers worldwide. Sensitivity was established by endpoint dilution analyses of DENV-1 RNA transcript and pedigreed tissue culture standards for all four DENV-serotypes. Frozen plasma samples were tested from 2994 donations from Honduras (September 2004-January 2005), 4858 donations from Brazil (February-April 2003), and 5879 donations from Australia (March-September 2003). Type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to quantify and genotype TMA repeat-reactive samples; viral cultures, type-specific antibody, and antigen assays were also performed. RESULTS: The TMA assay detected 14.9 copies per mL DENV-1 transcript (95% detection limit), with comparable sensitivity for all four serotypes. Honduran donors yielded 9 TMA repeat-reactive samples (0.30%); 8 were confirmed by PCR, with 3 DENV serotypes detected and viral loads from fewer than 3 x 10(4) to 4.2 x 10(4) copies per mL; and 4 samples yielded infectious virus. Three (0.06%) Brazilian samples tested repeat-reactive; 2 (0.04%) were PCR-positive (serotypes DENV-1 and -3; 12 and 294 copies/mL). No Australian donor samples tested re peat-reactive. CONCLUSION: Dengue viremia rates among asymptomatic blood donors ranged from 0.30 percent in Honduras to 0.04 percent in Brazil. Future studies are needed to establish rates of transfusion transmission by viremic donations and clinical consequences in recipients. C1 [Busch, Michael P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Honduras Red Cross Natl Blood Program, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Fundacao Pro Sangue Hemoctr Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Busch, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Blood Syst Res Inst, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM mbusch@bloodsystems.org RI Sabino, Ester/F-7750-2010 OI Sabino, Ester/0000-0003-2623-5126 NR 37 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01772.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 322PB UT WOS:000257386700013 PM 18503610 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Balluz, LS Brown, DW Giles, WH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. Balluz, Lina S. Brown, David W. Giles, Wayne H. TI Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health-related quality of life among US adults SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; cluster; health-related quality of life; risk factors ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; METABOLIC SYNDROME; WORK PRODUCTIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; POPULATION; HYPERTENSION; RELIABILITY; BEHAVIORS AB Objective: To assess the association of clusters of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among US adults aged 18 years or older in 2003. Methods: Data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. The four HRQOL questions developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. The CVD risk factors included diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, and current smoking. Results: The adjusted odds ratios of having four or more CVD risk factors were 14.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.4-16.0) for poor or fair health, 6.4 (95% CI 5.6-7.3) for 14 or more physically unhealthy days, 4.8 (95% CI 4.2-5.6) for 14 or more mentally unhealthy days, and 8.0 (95% CI6.8-9.3) for 14 or more impaired activity days compared to having none of the five risk factors. A greater number of CVD risk factors was significantly associated with an increasing likelihood of having poor or fair health (P-1 < 0.0001 for linear trend, P-2 < 0.0001 for quadratic trend), 14 or more physically unhealthy days (P-1 < 0.0001, P-2 < 0.0001), 14 or more mentally unhealthy days (P-1 < 0.0001, P-2 = 0.02), and 14 or more impaired activity days (P-1 < 0.0001, P-2 < 0.0001). Conclusions: A greater number of multiple CVD risk factors may be associated with more detrimental impairment of HRQOL. Preventing or reducing the clustering of multiple CVD risk factors to improve HRQOL is needed among adults. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Balluz, Lina S.; Brown, David W.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00307.x PG 11 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 333HZ UT WOS:000258144900017 PM 18194400 ER PT J AU Torres-Velez, FJ Shieh, WJ Rollin, PE Morken, T Brown, C Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR AF Torres-Velez, F. J. Shieh, W. -J. Rollin, P. E. Morken, T. Brown, C. Ksiazek, T. G. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of Nipah virus infection in the guinea pig SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE guinea pigs; immunohistochemistry; Nipah virus; vasculitis ID EMERGENT DEADLY PARAMYXOVIRUS; BATS PTEROPUS-POLIOCEPHALUS; HENDRA VIRUS; FLYING-FOXES; ENCEPHALITIS; MALAYSIA; OUTBREAK; RECEPTOR; MODEL AB Mortality rate in humans infected with Nipah virus (NiV) has been reported as high as 92%. Humans infected with NiV show a widespread multisystemic vasculitis with most severe clinical and pathologic manifestations in the brain, lungs, and spleen. The purpose of this study was to study pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in guinea pigs infected with NiV. Of 28 animals inoculated intraperitoneally, only 2 survived the infection, and most died between 4 and 8 days postinoculation (dpi). Viral antigen with minimal pathologic changes was first detected 2 dpi in lymph nodes and spleen. More severe changes were noted in these organs 4-8 dpi, where pathologic damage had a vasocentric distribution and viral antigen was abundant in vascular endothelium, tunica media, adventitia, as well as in macrophages lining sinuses. The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries were also affected with necrosis and acute inflammation. In these organs, immunohistochemical positive staining was intense in blood vessels, epithelial cells, and ovarian follicles. Approximately 50% of the animals that died or were euthanized in extremis had evidence of viral antigen and histopathologic changes in brain, especially involving meninges and ependymal cells, with lesser changes in the neural parenchyma. A unifying feature of the damage for all affected tissues was necrosis and inflammation of the vasculature, chiefly in arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Inoculation of guinea pigs intraperitoneally with NiV produces a disease with considerable resemblance to the disease in humans, but with reduced pulmonary involvement and marked infection of urinary bladder and the female reproductive tract. C1 [Torres-Velez, F. J.; Brown, C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shieh, W. -J.; Morken, T.; Zaki, S. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rollin, P. E.; Ksiazek, T. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Torres-Velez, FJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ftorres@vet.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI060629-02] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 576 EP 585 DI 10.1354/vp.45-4-576 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 323SM UT WOS:000257468700019 PM 18587107 ER PT J AU Markotter, W Kuzmin, I Rupprecht, CE Nel, LH AF Markotter, W. Kuzmin, I. Rupprecht, C. E. Nel, L. H. TI Phylogeny of Lagos bat virus: Challenges for lyssavirus taxonomy SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lyssaviruses; rabies; phylogeny; Lagos bat virus; rabies-related; taxonomy ID RABIES-RELATED VIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; GLYCOPROTEIN; EVOLUTION; GENUS; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPE; DYNAMICS AB Lagos bat virus (LBV) belongs to genotype 2 of the Lyssavirus genus. The complete nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrixprotein (M) and glycoprotein (G) genes of 13 LBV isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically compared with other lyssavirus representatives. The results identified three different lineages of LBV. One of these lineages demonstrated sufficient sequence diversity to be considered a new lyssavirus genotype (Dakar bat lyssavirus). The suggested quantitative separation of lyssavirus genotypes using the N, P, M and G genes was also investigated using P-distances matrixes. Results indicated that the current criteria should be revised since overlaps between intergenotypic and intragenotypic variation occur. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Markotter, W.; Nel, L. H.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Kuzmin, I.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Markotter, W (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM wanda.markotter@up.ac.za RI Markotter, Wanda/A-2129-2010; Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012; OI Markotter, Wanda/0000-0002-7550-0080 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.02.001 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 319TC UT WOS:000257185900002 PM 18359532 ER PT J AU Strong, M AuBuchon, J Whitaker, B Kuehnert, M AF Strong, M. AuBuchon, J. Whitaker, B. Kuehnert, M. TI Biovigilance initiatives SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strong, M.] Puget Sound Blood Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [AuBuchon, J.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Whitaker, B.] AABB, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kuehnert, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 SU 1 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 298DD UT WOS:000255665700026 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Bounngaseng, AS Reddy, HL Keil, SD Goodrich, RP AF Sullivan, J. Bounngaseng, A. S. Reddy, H. L. Keil, S. D. Goodrich, R. P. TI Pathogen inactivation of Plasmodium Falciparum in plasma and platelet concentrates with riboflavin and UV light SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sullivan, J.; Bounngaseng, A. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reddy, H. L.; Keil, S. D.; Goodrich, R. P.] Navigant Biotechnol, Lakewood, CO USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 SU 1 BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 298DD UT WOS:000255665700672 ER PT J AU Cheng, QQ Liu, FJ Smith, PN Jackson, WA McMurry, ST Hooper, MJ Smith, EE Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Anderson, TA AF Cheng, Qiuqiong Liu, Fujun Smith, Philip N. Jackson, W. Andrew McMurry, Scott T. Hooper, Michael J. Smith, Ernest E. Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Anderson, Todd A. TI Perchlorate distribution, excretion, and depuration in prairie voles and deer mice SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; distribution; excretion; depuration; voles; deer mice ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PIG THYROID GLANDS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADIOACTIVE PERCHLORATE; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; MALE-RAT; ACCUMULATION; HEALTH; MILK; (PER)CHLORATE AB A study on perchlorate distribution was conducted in male adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Excretion via urine was the major pathway for perchlorate fate in the body, with the highest concentrations of perchlorate detected in urine after exposure to perchlorate through drinking water [250 mu g/ml Mg(ClO(4))(2)], and an average of 34% and 88% of perchlorate intake recovered in urine in the 4- and 8-h exposure groups, respectively. Perchlorate mass in kidney, thyroid, blood, and urine were related to perchlorate intake (254.5-2687.7 mu g). Perchlorate excretion and depuration patterns via urine were tested further using male adult deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Animals were exposed to perchlorate through dosed drinking water (0, 17, 165, and 1600 ng/ml). Perchlorate concentrations in urine showed a significant difference among the three dosed groups during a 28-day exposure period. However, no difference was found in urine among the three dosages in terms of mass percentage of perchlorate intake from water at each sampling time over the 28-day exposure period. Both concentrations of perchlorate and mass percentage in urine reached a steady state after 1 day in all treatments. On average 46%, 46%, and 61% of perchlorate intake from water was recovered in urine over the exposure period in high, medium, and low dose groups, respectively. Including perchlorate consumption from rodent chow (1.44 ng/g), less than 46% of perchlorate intake was recovered in urine in the high and medium dose groups, and < 61% in the low dose group. Three parameter first-order decay models fit the depuration curve very well, with r>0.99 in both the low and high dose groups; half-lives of perchlorate in deer mice were estimated as 9.12 and 7.25 h in the low and high dose groups, respectively. Endogenous generation of perchlorate and/or some degree of retention or metabolism of perchlorate may occur in deer mice, based in part on the uncompleted mass balance in the excretion and depuration experiments. The data reported herein should provide additional insight for perchlorate fate determination in animals and humans and valuable information for perchlorate risk assessment in the environment, especially wildlife. C1 [Cheng, Qiuqiong; Liu, Fujun; Smith, Philip N.; McMurry, Scott T.; Hooper, Michael J.; Smith, Ernest E.; Anderson, Todd A.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. [Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, TA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM todd.anderson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 192 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9640-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 315YF UT WOS:000256915400013 ER PT J AU Austin, C Saathoff-Huber, L Bordson, M Dobbins, C Gross, C Marishta, K Carlson, F Maurice, G Trevino, IC AF Austin, C. Saathoff-Huber, L. Bordson, M. Dobbins, C. Gross, C. Marishta, K. Carlson, F. Maurice, G. Trevino, I. C. TI Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections associated with consumption of unpasteurized Mexican-style aged cheese - Illinois, March 2006-April 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 432-435, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Austin, C.; Saathoff-Huber, L.; Bordson, M.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Trevino, I. C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Austin, C (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 24 BP 2850 EP 2851 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 317LN UT WOS:000257021800012 ER PT J AU Margos, G Gatewood, AG Aanensen, DM Hanincova, K Terekhova, D Vollmer, SA Cornet, M Piesman, J Donaghy, M Bormane, A Hurn, MA Feil, EJ Fish, D Casjens, S Wormser, GP Schwartz, I Kurtenbach, K AF Margos, Gabriele Gatewood, Anne G. Aanensen, David M. Hanincova, Klara Terekhova, Darya Vollmer, Stephanie A. Cornet, Muriel Piesman, Joseph Donaghy, Michael Bormane, Antra Hurn, Merrilee A. Feil, Edward J. Fish, Durland Casjens, Sherwood Wormser, Gary P. Schwartz, Ira Kurtenbach, Klaus TI MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; Lyme borreliosis; ticks ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VECTOR IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SENSU-LATO STRAINS; JAPONICA SP-NOV; NORTH-AMERICA; SP. NOV.; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; GENOMIC GROUPS AB Lyme borreliosis, caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, has become the most common vector-borne disease in North America over the last three decades. To understand the dynamics of the epizootic spread and to predict the evolutionary trajectories of B. burgdorferi, accurate information on the population structure and the evolutionary relationships of the pathogen is crucial. We, therefore, developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for B. burgdorferi based on eight chromosomal housekeeping genes. We validated the MLST scheme on B. burgdorferi specimens from North America and Europe, comprising both cultured isolates and infected ticks. These data were compared with sequences for the commonly used genetic markers rrs-rrIA intergenic spacer (IGS) and the gene encoding the outer surface protein C (ospC). The study demonstrates that the concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes of B. burgdorferi provide highly resolved phylogenetic signals and that the housekeeping genes evolve differently compared with the IGS locus and ospC. Using sequence data, the study reveals that North American and European populations of B. burgdorferi correspond to genetically distinct populations. Importantly, the MLST data suggest that B. burgdorferi originated in Europe rather than in North America as proposed previously. C1 [Margos, Gabriele; Vollmer, Stephanie A.; Feil, Edward J.; Kurtenbach, Klaus] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Hurn, Merrilee A.] Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Gatewood, Anne G.; Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Aanensen, David M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Marys Hosp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Hanincova, Klara; Terekhova, Darya; Schwartz, Ira] New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Wormser, Gary P.] New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Cornet, Muriel] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Nationaux Reference Borrelia & Leptospirose, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Donaghy, Michael] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Clin Neurol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Bormane, Antra] Publ Hlth Agcy, LV-1012 Riga, Latvia. [Casjens, Sherwood] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Cell Biol & Immunol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Margos, G (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM gm250@bath.ac.uk RI Cornet, Muriel/M-6563-2014 FU Wellcome Trust NR 73 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 25 BP 8730 EP 8735 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800323105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 319TA UT WOS:000257185700045 PM 18574151 ER PT J AU Ryman, TK Dietz, V Cairns, KL AF Ryman, Tove K. Dietz, Vance Cairns, K. Lisa TI Too little but not too late: Results of a literature review to improve routine immunization programs in developing countries SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; COVERAGE; VACCINATION; STRATEGIES; MOZAMBIQUE; COSTS; BANGLADESH; EXPERIENCE; SERVICES; CHILDREN AB Background: Globally, immunization services have been the center of renewed interest with increased funding to improve services, acceleration of the introduction of new vaccines, and the development of a health systems approach to improve vaccine delivery. Much of the credit for the increased attention is due to the work of the GAVI Alliance and to new funding streams. If routine immunization programs are to take full advantage of the newly available resources, managers need to understand the range of proven strategies and approaches to deliver vaccines to reduce the incidence of diseases. In this paper, we present strategies that may be used at the sub-national level to improve routine immunization programs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies and projects reported in the published and gray literature. Each paper that met our inclusion criteria was rated based on methodological rigor and data were systematically abstracted. Routine-immunization-specific papers with a methodological rigor rating of greater than 60% and with conclusive results were reported. Results: Greater than 11,000 papers were identified, of which 60 met our inclusion criteria and 25 papers were reported. Papers were grouped into four strategy approaches: bringing immunizations closer to communities (n = 11), using information dissemination to increase demand for vaccination (n = 3), changing practices in fixed sites (n = 4), and using innovative management practices (n = 7). Conclusion: Immunization programs are at a historical crossroads in terms of developing new funding streams, introducing new vaccines, and responding to the global interest in the health systems approach to improving immunization delivery. However, to complement this, actual service delivery needs to be strengthened and program managers must be aware of proven strategies. Much was learned from the 25 papers, such as the use of non-health workers to provide numerous services at the community level. However it was startling to see how few papers were identified and in particular how few were of strong scientific quality. Further well-designed and well-conducted scientific research is warranted. Proposed areas of additional research include integration of additional services with immunization delivery, collaboration of immunization programs with new partners, best approaches to new vaccine introduction, and how to improve service delivery. C1 [Ryman, Tove K.; Dietz, Vance; Cairns, K. Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ryman, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tryman@cdc.gov; vdietz@cdc.gov; lcairns@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 134 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-8-134 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 327QF UT WOS:000257742900001 PM 18570677 ER PT J AU Feldkamp, ML Reefhuis, J Kucik, J Krikov, S Wilson, A Moore, CA Carey, JC Botto, LD AF Feldkamp, Marcia L. Reefhuis, Jennita Kucik, James Krikov, Sergey Wilson, Andy Moore, Cynthia A. Carey, John C. Botto, Lorenzo D. TI Case-control study of self reported genitourinary infections and risk of gastroschisis: findings from the national birth defects prevention study, 1997-2003 SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA; MATERNAL MEDICATION USE; CHLAMYDIAL PATHOGENESIS; YOUNG-WOMEN; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURES; AGE AB Objective To assess the association between genitourinary infections in the month before conception to the end of the first trimesterand gastroschisis. Design Case-control study with self reported infections from a computer assisted telephone interview. Setting National birth defects,prevention study, a multisite, population based study including 10 state surveillance systems for birth defects in the United States. Participants Mothers of 505 offspring with gastroschisis and 4924 healthy liveborn infants as controls. Main outcome measure Adjusted odds ratios for gastroschisis with 95% confidence intervals. Results About 16% (n=81) of case mothers and 9% (n=425) of control mothers reported a genitourinary infection in the relevant time period; 4% (n='21) and 2% (n=98) reported a sexually transmitted infection and 13% (n=67) and 7% (n=338) reported a urinary tract infection, respectively. Case mothers aged <25 years reported higher rates of urinary tract infection alone and in combination with a sexually transmitted infection compared with control mothers. In women who reported both types of infection, there was a greater risk of gastroschisis in offspring (adjusted odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 11.6). Conclusion There is a significant association between self reported urinary tract infection plus sexually transmitted infection just before conception and in early pregnancy and gastroschisis. C1 [Feldkamp, Marcia L.; Krikov, Sergey; Wilson, Andy; Carey, John C.; Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Feldkamp, Marcia L.; Krikov, Sergey; Wilson, Andy; Carey, John C.; Botto, Lorenzo D.] Utah Dept Hlth, Utah Birth Defect Network, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Reefhuis, Jennita; Kucik, James; Moore, Cynthia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Feldkamp, ML (reprint author), Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM marcia.feldkamp@hsc.utah.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Wilson, Andrew/0000-0003-3679-9232 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU822097] NR 51 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 336 IS 7658 BP 1420 EP 1423 DI 10.1136/bmj.39567.509074.25 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 318WJ UT WOS:000257123200033 PM 18558640 ER PT J AU Bollen, LJM Whitehead, SJ Mock, PA Leelawiwat, W Asavapiriyanont, S Chalermchockchareonkit, A Vanprapar, N Chotpitayasunondh, T McNicholl, JM Tappero, JW Shaffer, N Chuachoowong, R AF Bollen, Liesbeth J. M. Whitehead, Sara J. Mock, Philip A. Leelawiwat, Wanna Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna Chalermchockchareonkit, Amphan Vanprapar, Nirun Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee McNicholl, Janet M. Tappero, Jordan W. Shaffer, Nathan Chuachoowong, Rutt TI Maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection increases the risk of perinatal HIV transmission: possibility to further decrease transmission? SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE herpes simplex virus type 2 genital shedding; herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence; HIV perinatal transmission; intrapartum HIV transmission; viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RNA LEVELS; INFECTION; THAILAND; WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE; ACQUISITION AB Objectives: To evaluate the association between maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity and genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding with perinatal HIV transmission. Study design: Evaluation of women who participated in a 1996-1997 perinatal HIV transmission prevention trial in Thailand. Methods: In this nonbreastfeeding population, women were randomized to zidovudine or placebo from 36 weeks gestation through delivery; maternal plasma and cervicovaginal HIV viral load and infant HIV status were determined for the original study. Stored maternal plasma and cervicovaginal samples were tested for herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay and for herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA by real-time PCR, respectively. Results: Among 307 HIV-positive women with available samples, 228 (74.3%) were herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive and 24 (7.8%) were shedding herpes simplex virus type 2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity was associated with overall perinatal HIV transmission [adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-6.7)], and herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding was associated with intrapartum transmission (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-8.5) independent of plasma and cervicovaginal HIV viral load, and zidovudine treatment. Median plasma HIV viral load was higher among herpes simplex virus type 2 shedders (4.2 vs. 4.1 log(10)copies/ml; P=0.05), and more shedders had quantifiable levels of HIV in cervicovaginal samples, compared with women not shedding herpes simplex virus type 2 (62.5 vs. 34.3%; P=0.005). Conclusion: We found an increased risk of perinatal HIV transmission among herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women and an increased risk of intrapartum HIV transmission among women shedding herpes simplex virus type 2. These novel findings suggest that interventions to control herpes simplex virus type 2 infection could further reduce perinatal HIV transmission. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Bollen, Liesbeth J. M.; Whitehead, Sara J.; Mock, Philip A.; Leelawiwat, Wanna; McNicholl, Janet M.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Chuachoowong, Rutt] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Whitehead, Sara J.; McNicholl, Janet M.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Shaffer, Nathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. [Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Chalermchockchareonkit, Amphan; Vanprapar, Nirun; Chuachoowong, Rutt] Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Bollen, LJM (reprint author), Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Soi 4,POB 139, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM Lbollen@tuc.or.th OI chalermchockcharoenkit, amphan/0000-0001-5776-6988 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282fec42a PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 321VP UT WOS:000257334900009 PM 18525263 ER PT J AU Darbes, L Crepaz, N Lyles, C Kennedy, G Rutherford, G AF Darbes, Lynae Crepaz, Nicole Lyles, Cynthia Kennedy, Gail Rutherford, George TI The efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing HIV risk behaviors and incident sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual African Americans SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE African-American; behavioral intervention; condom use; heterosexual; HIV/STD prevention meta-analysis; sexually transmitted diseases ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AIDS-PREVENTION INTERVENTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INCOME HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS; BLACK-MALE ADOLESCENTS; UNITED-STATES; REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; DRUG-USERS; OUTREACH INTERVENTION AB Objective: To conduct a meta-analytic review of HIV interventions for heterosexual African Americans to determine the overall efficacy in reducing HIV-risk sex behaviors and incident sexually transmitted diseases and identify intervention characteristics associated with efficacy. Methods: Comprehensive searches included electronic databases from 1988 to 2005, handsearches of journals, reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers. Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials met the selection criteria. Random-effects models were used to aggregate data. Results: Interventions significantly reduced unprotected sex (odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval = 0.67, 0.84; 35 trials; N = 14682) and marginally significantly decreased incident sexually transmitted diseases (odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval = 0.72, 1.07; 10 trials;N = 10944). Intervention characteristics associated with efficacy include cultural tailoring, aiming to influence social norms in promoting safe sex behavior, utilizing peer education, providing skills training on correct use of condoms and communication skills needed for negotiating safer sex, and multiple sessions and opportunities to practice learned skills. Conclusion: Interventions targeting heterosexual African Americans are efficacious in reducing HIV-risk sex behaviors. Efficacious intervention components identified in this study should be incorporated into the development of future interventions and further evaluated for effectiveness. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Darbes, Lynae] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Crepaz, Nicole; Lyles, Cynthia] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Crepaz, Nicole; Lyles, Cynthia] Univ Calif San Francisco, HIV AIDS Prevent Res Synth Team, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Kennedy, Gail; Rutherford, George] Cochrane Collaborat Review Grp HIV Infect & AIDS, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Darbes, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 50 Beale St,Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM lynae.darbes@ucsf.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [K08 MH072380-04, K08 MH 072380, K08 MH072380, K08 MH072380-01, K08 MH072380-02, K08 MH072380-03, K08 MH072380-05] NR 78 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 43 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1177 EP 1194 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282ff624e PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 321VP UT WOS:000257334900010 PM 18525264 ER PT J AU Coates, RJ Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Coates, Ralph J. Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta TI Five genetic variants associated with prostate cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Coates, Ralph J.; Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coates, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rjc5@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 25 BP 2738 EP 2738 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314NC UT WOS:000256815100021 PM 18565871 ER PT J AU Nelson, EAS Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Widdowson, MA Glass, RI AF Nelson, E. A. S. Bresee, J. S. Parashar, U. D. Widdowson, M. -A. Glass, R. I. CA Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Netwo TI Rotavirus epidemiology: The Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE rotavirus; immunization; disease burden; surveillance; policy; economic evaluation ID SENTINEL HOSPITAL SURVEILLANCE; HONG-KONG; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; JULY 2002; DIARRHEA; VACCINE; INTUSSUSCEPTION; BURDEN; CHILDREN; STRAINS AB Availability of new rotavirus vaccines has highlighted the need to collect local disease and economic burden data to aid decision makers at global, regional and country level. The World Health Organization and the GAVI Alliance recommended that generic protocols be used and that regional surveillance networks be established to collect these data, thereby helping to fast-track the introduction of these new vaccines into developing countries. Nine countries and regions participated in the first phase of the Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (ARSN), which collected data over a 2-year period during 2001-2003. Overall 45% of diarrhoea admissions in the region were positive for rotavirus, which was higher than had been anticipated. Significant rotavirus strain diversity was noted during the surveillance period. Data collection for a second phase of the ARSN commenced in 2004 and included a greater proportion of poorer countries that would in future be eligible for funding support for rotavirus immunization from GAVI. Limited economic evaluations in Asia have demonstrated the potential for new rotavirus vaccines to be cost-effective but more local analyses are required. Despite the ARSN's comprehensive data from a mix of developed and developing countries, Asia has lagged the Americas in terms of the introduction of rotavirus vaccines into National Immunization Programmes (NIPs). Lack on rotavirus vaccine efficacy data in Asia, particularly in poorer populations, will have contributed to this delay. Thus ensuring that all global regions are simultaneously involved in the evaluation of new vaccines from the beginning and also encouraging more regional collaborations of Ministry of Health representatives could help to accelerate the introduction of new vaccines into NIPs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, E. A. S.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Paediat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Bresee, J. S.; Parashar, U. D.; Widdowson, M. -A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Glass, R. I.] Natl Inst Hlth, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Nelson, EAS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, 6-F Clin Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM tony-nelson@cuhk.edu.hk RI Yu, LM/J-4284-2012; OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Nelson, Edmund Anthony Severn/0000-0002-2521-3403; Yu, Ly-Mee/0000-0003-0331-7364; Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 39 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 26 BP 3192 EP 3196 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.073 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 326BG UT WOS:000257632300003 PM 18485546 ER PT J AU McClure, DL Glanz, JM Xu, S Hambidge, SJ Mullooly, JP Baggs, J AF McClure, David L. Glanz, Jason M. Xu, Stanley Hambidge, Simon J. Mullooly, John P. Baggs, James TI Comparison of epidemiologic methods for active surveillance of vaccine safety SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE post-market vaccine safety surveillance; epidemiology study designs; sequential statistical analysis ID INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; ADVERSE EVENTS; INTUSSUSCEPTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Objective: We performed a simulation study to compare four study designs [(matched-cohort, vaccinated-only (risk-interval) cohort, case-control, and self-controlled case-series (SCCS)] in the context of vaccine safety active surveillance. Methods: For each combination of various incidence levels (3, 30, 300 per 10(5) person-years) and relative risks (RR 1.5-18), 100 case sets were infused into the cohort, matching 10(5) vaccinated to 10(5) unvaccinated on age and gender. The matched-cohort was converted into weekly accumulated data intervals with the other three study design samples drawn from each. Analyses were with appropriate regression models. The signal detection time was the first week where the log likelihood ratio (LLR) exceeded the upper boundary from the MaxSPRT sequential analysis method. Empirical type I (false positive) and type II (power) error rates and risk estimate bias were also calculated. Results: The matched-cohort design exhibited the shortest detection time, lowest false positive rate and highest empirical power followed by the risk-interval cohort, SCCS, and case-control. In most monitoring weeks, the risk estimate bias was smallest for the cohort, followed by the risk-interval, SCCS and case-control designs. Conclusions: The cohort study design performed the best in the sequential analysis of active surveillance for vaccine safety. The risk-interval cohort and SCCS designs offer reasonable and efficient alternatives, especially if selection bias is a concern. Future research should address seasonality or age effects. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McClure, David L.; Glanz, Jason M.; Xu, Stanley; Hambidge, Simon J.] Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Inst Hlth Res, Denver, CO USA. [Glanz, Jason M.; Hambidge, Simon J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Denver, CO USA. [Hambidge, Simon J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. [Hambidge, Simon J.] Denver Hlth, Commun Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. [Mullooly, John P.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Baggs, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McClure, DL (reprint author), POB 378066, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM david.l.mcclure@kp.org OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00732] NR 22 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 26 BP 3341 EP 3345 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.074 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 326BG UT WOS:000257632300021 PM 18462849 ER PT J AU Labus, B Sands, L Rowley, P Azzam, IA Holmberg, SD Perz, JF Patel, PR Fischer, GE Schaefer, M AF Labus, B. Sands, L. Rowley, P. Azzam, I. A. Holmberg, S. D. Perz, J. F. Patel, P. R. Fischer, G. E. Schaefer, M. TI Acute hepatitis C virus infections attributed to unsafe injection practices at an endoscopy clinic - Nevada, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 513-517, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEALTH-CARE; TRANSMISSION C1 [Labus, B.; Sands, L.; Rowley, P.] So Nevada Hlth Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Fischer, G. E.; Schaefer, M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Labus, B (reprint author), So Nevada Hlth Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 23 BP 2738 EP 2740 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314JH UT WOS:000256805200009 ER PT J AU Johnstone, J Saxinger, L McDermid, R Bagshaw, S Resch, L Lee, B Johnson, M Joffe, AM Benade, G Johnson, D Nadin-Davis, S Cheung, E Willoughby, R Franka, R AF Johnstone, J. Saxinger, L. McDermid, R. Bagshaw, S. Resch, L. Lee, B. Johnson, M. Joffe, A. M. Benade, G. Johnson, D. Nadin-Davis, S. Cheung, E. Willoughby, R., Jr. Franka, R. TI Human rabies - Alberta, Canada, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 197-200, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Johnstone, J.; Saxinger, L.; McDermid, R.; Bagshaw, S.; Resch, L.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Lee, B.] Alberta Prov Publ Hlth Lab, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Johnson, M.; Joffe, A. M.] Capital Hlth Reg, Publ Hlth Div, Occupat Hlth Safety & Wellness, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Benade, G.] E Cent Hlth Reg, Div Publ Hlth, Camrose, AB, Canada. [Johnson, D.] Aspen Hlth Reg, Div Publ Hlth, Westlock, AB, Canada. [Nadin-Davis, S.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cheung, E.] Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Publ Hlth Labs Br, Etobicoke, ON, Canada. [Willoughby, R., Jr.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Franka, R.] CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnstone, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 23 BP 2740 EP 2742 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314JH UT WOS:000256805200010 ER PT J AU Madhi, SA Whitney, CG Nohynek, H AF Madhi, Shabir A. Whitney, Cynthia G. Nohynek, Hanna TI Lessons learned from clinical trials evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy against pneumonia and invasive disease SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Pneumonia Vaccines Workshop CY DEC 15, 2007 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA DE conjugate vaccine; pneumococcus; clinical trials ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PREVENTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROCALCITONIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNGER; SAFETY; AGE AB This article discusses lessons learned from clinical trials with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). A review of major clinical trials investigating PCV efficacy, this article provides the context to explore challenges associated with studying pneumococcal pneumonia and vaccine efficacy, particularly related to non-bacteremic disease, serotypes, and radiograph interpretation. Throughout these clinical trials, improving the pneumonia diagnosis specificity increased vaccine efficacy estimates. Additional analysis suggests this improvement may come at a cost of detecting much less of the disease burden. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential value of C-reactive protein as an adjunctive marker in measuring PCV efficacy against non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Madhi, Shabir A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, MRC,Natl Res Fdn, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit,Dept Sci & Te, ZA-2013 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nohynek, Hanna] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Vaccines, Clin Unit, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. RP Madhi, SA (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, MRC,Natl Res Fdn, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit,Dept Sci & Te, New Nurses Residence 1st Floor W Wing,Old Patch R, ZA-2013 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM madhis@hivisa.com; cwhitney@cdc.gov; hanna.nohynek@ktl.fi NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 26 SU 2 BP B9 EP B15 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 331VQ UT WOS:000258041100003 PM 18793605 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Mensah, GA Giles, WH AF Brown, David W. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Mensah, George A. Giles, Wayne H. TI Trends in hospitalization for the implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators in the United States, 1990-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COST AB Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were first approved for use in the United States in 1985. Their efficacy in improving the survival of patients at risk for sudden cardiac death has been shown, and the number of patients eligible for ICDs has increased. Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), hospitalizations for the implantation of ICDs were identified and age- and gender-specific rates and trends in hospitalizations for ICDs during the period from 1990 to 2005 were estimated. From 1990 to 2005, the estimated number of hospitalizations for the implantation of ICDs increased from 5,600 to > 108,000 for the total United States population, and the estimated annual rate of hospitalizations for the implantation of ICDs increased 10-fold. The rate of ICD procedures was substantially greater in men than women, and the rate increased significantly with age, although there was no increase in ICD use in patients aged >= 75 years. In conclusion, as the list of clinical indications and insurance coverage for ICD use expand, continued surveillance to monitor trends in the use of ICDs is warranted. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, David W.; Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Mensah, George A.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 12 BP 1753 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.01.057 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 314OO UT WOS:000256818900014 PM 18549853 ER PT J AU Chambers, DM Blount, BC McElprang, DO Waterhouse, MG Morrow, JC AF Chambers, David M. Blount, Benjamin C. McElprang, David O. Waterhouse, Michael G. Morrow, John C. TI Picogram measurement of volatile n-alkanes (n-hexane through n-dodecane) in blood using solid-phase microextraction to assess nonoccupational petroleum-based fuel exposure SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PER-TRILLION LEVEL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; JET FUEL; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; URINE; 2,5-HEXANEDIONE; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; GASOLINE; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe here a new method for the analysis of alkanes (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, and n-dodecane) in blood using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Ibis method is used to measure picogram per milliliter levels of n-alkanes in blood that may result from nonoccupational exposure to alkanes and other volatile nonpolar compounds from common sources such as petroleum-based fuel. This alkane signature is useful in distinguishing typical fuel biomarkers (e.g., benzene and toluene) from other confounding exposure sources such as cigarette smoke. Development of this method required special attention to sample handling as alkanes are not highly soluble in aqueous matrixes and exist as ubiquitous compounds found in many laboratory materials and the environment. In particular, significant n-hexane contamination (similar to 0.4 ng/mL) occurred from collecting blood samples in vacutainers. This residue was removed by boiling the vacutainer stoppers in methanol followed by vacuum baking. For all the alkanes, the calculated accuracy demonstrated for the water-based standards ranged from 3.3% to 17% as deduced from the difference of the lowest and middle standards from the curve fit. Quality control data among runs over a 10 month period were found to vary from 14% to -29%, with a few exceptions. The resulting quantification limits for n-hexane through n-decane ranged from 0.069 to 0.132 ng/mL. In the analysis of 1200 blood samples from people with no known occupational exposure, median blood levels for all n-alkanes were below these quantification limits. n-Hexane levels above the method detection limit were, however, found in 1.3% of the samples. C1 [Chambers, David M.; Blount, Benjamin C.; McElprang, David O.; Waterhouse, Michael G.; Morrow, John C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chambers, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mzz7@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4666 EP 4674 DI 10.1021/ac800065d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400029 PM 18481873 ER PT J AU Fichorova, RN Richardson-Harman, N Alfano, M Belec, L Carbonneil, C Chen, S Cosentino, L Curtis, K Dezzutti, CS Donoval, B Doncel, GF Donaghay, M Grivel, JC Guzman, E Hayes, M Herold, B Hillier, S Lackman-Smith, C Landay, A Margolis, L Mayer, KH Pasicznyk, JM Pallansch-Cokonis, M Poli, G Reicholderfer, P Roberts, P Rodriguez, I Saidi, H Sassi, RR Shattock, R Cummins, JE AF Fichorova, Raina N. Richardson-Harman, Nicola Alfano, Massimo Belec, Laurent Carbonneil, Cedric Chen, Silvia Cosentino, Lisa Curtis, Kelly Dezzutti, Charlene S. Donoval, Betty Doncel, Gustave F. Donaghay, Melissa Grivel, Jean-Charles Guzman, Esmeralda Hayes, Madeleine Herold, Betsy Hillier, Sharon Lackman-Smith, Carol Landay, Alan Margolis, Leonid Mayer, Kenneth H. Pasicznyk, Jenna-Malia Pallansch-Cokonis, Melanie Poli, Guido Reicholderfer, Patricia Roberts, Paula Rodriguez, Irma Saidi, Hela Sassi, Rosaria Rita Shattock, Robin Cummins, James E., Jr. TI Biological and technical variables affecting immunoassay recovery of cytokines from human serum and simulated vaginal fluid: A multicenter study SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA; GENITAL-TRACT; TOPICAL MICROBICIDES; IN-VITRO; HIV; PLASMA; INFECTION; ASSAYS; WOMEN; SECRETIONS AB The increase of proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal secretions may serve as a surrogate marker of unwanted inflammatory reaction to microbicide products topically applied for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV-1. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta and 11,6 have been proposed as indicators of inflammation and increased risk of HIV-1 transmission; however, the lack of information regarding detection platforms optimal for vaginal fluids and interlaboratory variation limit their use for microbicide evaluation and other clinical applications. This study examines fluid matrix variants relevant to vaginal sampling techniques and proposes a model for interlaboratory comparisons across current cytokine detection technologies. IL-1 beta and IL-6 standards were measured by 12 laboratories in four countries, using 14 immunoassays and four detection platforms based on absorbance, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and fluorescence. International reference preparations of cytokines with defined biological activity were spiked into (1) a defined medium simulating the composition of human vaginal fluid at pH 4.5 and 7.2, (2) physiologic salt solutions (phosphate-buffered saline and saline) commonly used for vaginal lavage sampling in clinical studies of cytokines, and (3) human blood serum. Assays were assessed for reproducibility, linearity, accuracy, and significantly detectable fold difference in cytokine level. Factors with significant impact on cytokine recovery were determined by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance with Dunn's multiple comparison test and multiple regression models. All assays showed acceptable intra-assay reproducibility; however, most were associated with significant interlaboratory variation. The smallest reliably detectable cytokine differences (P < 0.05) derived from pooled interlaboratory data varied from 1.5- to 26-fold depending on assay, cytokine, and matrix type. IL-6 but not IL-1 beta determinations were lower in both saline and phosphate-buffered saline as compared to vaginal fluid matrix, with no significant effect of pH. The (electro)chemiluminescence-based assays were most discriminative and consistently detected < 2-fold differences within each matrix type. The Luminex-based assays were less discriminative with lower reproducibility between laboratories. These results suggest the need for uniform vaginal sampling techniques and a better understanding of immunoassay platform differences and cross-validation before the biological significance of cytokine variations can be validated in clinical trials. This investigation provides the first standardized analytic approach for assessing differences in mucosal cytokine levels and may improve strategies for monitoring immune responses at the vaginal mucosal interface. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. So Res Inst, Microbicides Qual Assurance Program, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Inst Sci, Milan, Italy. Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Paris, France. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Magee Womens Res Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, CONRAD, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. St Georges Univ London, London, England. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Fichorova, RN (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rfichorova@rics.bwh RI Fichorova, Raina/G-9969-2014; Saidi, Hela/P-2519-2014 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 HD999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [5U01AI068633, N01-AI-33350, P30 AI-42853, P30 AI042853, U01 AI068633]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3350, P01HD041760] NR 26 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4741 EP 4751 DI 10.1021/ac702628q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400037 PM 18484740 ER PT J AU Jain, RB Wang, RY AF Jain, Ram B. Wang, Richard Y. TI Limitations of maximum likelihood estimation procedures when a majority of the observations are below the limit of detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB We evaluated the performance of maximum likelihood estimation procedures to estimate the population mean and standard deviation (SD) of log-transformed data sets containing serum or urinary analytical measurements with 50-80% of observations below the limit of detection (LOD). We found that maximum likelihood procedures are limited in their ability to accurately estimate the population mean and SD when the percent of censored data was large and sample size was small. The means were more likely to be underestimated and the SDs were more likely to be overestimated using these procedures. When the sample size, N, was <= 100 and the percent of observations below the LOD, P, was >= 70%, the procedure without imputations performed better than those with imputations. However, the procedure with multiple imputations performed better than or was comparable to other procedures when N was at least 100. This finding was consistent with the improved estimates of the mean and SD in a data set (N = 113) of polychlorinated. biphenyl (PCB) concentrations using multiple imputations. We recommend the use of maximum likelihood procedures with multiple imputation when N >= 100 and P < 70%. A maximum likelihood procedure without imputation should be preferred when N < 100 and P >= 70%. However, it should be the expected that biases for both mean and SD in these circumstances may be unacceptably high. C1 [Jain, Ram B.; Wang, Richard Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jain, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop F-47,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rijo@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4767 EP 4772 DI 10.1021/ac8003743 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400041 PM 18489183 ER PT J AU Bowman, NM Kawai, V Levy, MZ del Carpio, JGC Cabrera, L Delgado, F Malaga, F Benzaquen, EC Pinedo, VV Steurer, F Seitz, AE Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Bowman, Natalie M. Kawai, Vivian Levy, Michael Z. del Carpio, Juan Geny Cornejo Cabrera, Lilia Delgado, F. Malaga, Francisco Benzaquen, Eleazar Cordova Pinedo, Viviana V. Steurer, Francis Seitz, Amy E. Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn TI Chagas disease transmission in periurban communities of Arequipa, Peru SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; TRIATOMA-INFESTANS; RISK-FACTORS; ARGENTINA; CHILDREN; SEROPREVALENCE; BENZNIDAZOLE; AREA AB Background. Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is an urban problem in Arequipa, Peru, and the epidemiology of Chagas disease is likely to be quite different in this area, compared with in rural zones. Methods. We conducted a serosurvey of 1615 children <18 years old in periurban districts that included hillside shantytowns and slightly more affluent low-lying communities. In addition, 639 adult residents of 1 shantytown were surveyed to provide data across the age spectrum for this community. Results. Of 1615 children, 75 (4.7%) were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Infection risk increased by 12% per year of age, and children living in hillside shantytowns were 2.5 times as likely to be infected as were those living in lower-lying communities. However, age-prevalence data from 1 shantytown demonstrated that adults were no more likely to be seropositive than were teenagers; the results of maximum likelihood modeling suggest that T. cruzi transmission began in this community <20 years ago. Conclusions. The problem of Chagas disease in periurban settings, such as those around Arequipa, must be addressed to achieve elimination of vector-borne T. cruzi transmission. Identification of infected children, vector-control efforts, and education to avoid modifiable risk factors are necessary to decrease the burden of Chagas disease. C1 [Levy, Michael Z.; Steurer, Francis; Seitz, Amy E.; Bern, Caryn] CDC, Div Parasit Dis F22, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bowman, Natalie M.; Kawai, Vivian; Cabrera, Lilia; Pinedo, Viviana V.; Gilman, Robert H.] Salud, Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat, Lima, Peru. [Benzaquen, Eleazar Cordova] Univ Nacl San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru. [del Carpio, Juan Geny Cornejo; Delgado, F.; Malaga, Francisco] Arequipa Minist Hlth, Arequipa, Peru. [Levy, Michael Z.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Parasit Dis F22, NCID, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cbern@cdc.gov FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIAID NIH HHS [5T35-AI-007646-03, U19 AI033061, U19-AI-33061] NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1822 EP 1828 DI 10.1086/588299 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 303MP UT WOS:000256044900008 PM 18462104 ER PT J AU Amon, JJ Garfein, RS Ahdieh-Grant, L Armstrong, GL Ouellet, LJ Latka, MH Vlahov, D Strathdee, SA Hudson, SM Kerndt, P Jarlais, DD Williams, IT AF Amon, Joseph J. Garfein, Richard S. Ahdieh-Grant, Linda Armstrong, Gregory L. Ouellet, Lawrence J. Latka, Mary H. Vlahov, David Strathdee, Steffanie A. Hudson, Sharon M. Kerndt, Peter Jarlais, Don Des Williams, Ian T. TI Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in the United States, 1994-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTION; US CITIES; B-VIRUS; PREVENTION; EQUIPMENT; BALTIMORE; EPIDEMIC AB Objective. To examine hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence among injection drug users in 4 US cities from 1994 through 2004. Methods. Demographic characteristics, behaviors, and prevalence of HCV antibody among 5088 injection drug users aged 18-40 years from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; and New York, New York, enrolled in 3 related studies-Collaborative Injection Drug User Study (CIDUS) I (1994-1996), CIDUS II (1997-1999), and CIDUS III/Drug User Intervention Trial (2002-2004)-were compared using the chi(2) and Mantel-Haenszel tests of significance. Trends over time were assessed by logistic regression. Results. Prevalence of HCV infection was 65%, 35%, and 35% in CIDUS I, CIDUS II, and CIDUS III, respectively. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) of being HCV antibody positive increased with the number of years of injection drug use (OR, 1.93 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.68-2.21] for each year of injecting within the first 2 years; OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07-1.11] for each year of injecting beyond the first 2 years). Significant decreases were observed in the prevalence of HCV antibody between CIDUS I and CIDUS III in Baltimore (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20-0.43) and Los Angeles (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.31) and among people of races other than black in Chicago (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.08-0.17). No decrease in prevalence was seen in New York (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.69-1.58) or among blacks in Chicago (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.16-1.90). Conclusion. Although regional differences exist, our data suggest that the incidence of HCV infection among injection drug users in the United States decreased from 1994 through 2004. C1 [Amon, Joseph J.; Armstrong, Gregory L.; Williams, Ian T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Amon, Joseph J.; Armstrong, Gregory L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garfein, Richard S.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hudson, Sharon M.] Hlth Res Assoc, Hollywood, CA USA. [Kerndt, Peter] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ouellet, Lawrence J.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. [Jarlais, Don Des] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Baron Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Latka, Mary H.; Vlahov, David] New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Amon, JJ (reprint author), Human Rights Watch, HIV AIDS Program, 350 5th Ave,34th Fl, New York, NY 10118 USA. EM amonj@hrw.org RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 NR 27 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1852 EP 1858 DI 10.1086/588297 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 303MP UT WOS:000256044900012 PM 18462109 ER PT J AU Wright, JG Jung, S Holman, RC Marano, NN McQuiston, JH AF Wright, Jennifer G. Jung, Sherry Holman, Robert C. Marano, Nina N. McQuiston, Jennifer H. TI Infection control practices and zoonotic disease risks among veterinarians in the United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 144th Annual Convention of the American-Veterinary-Medical-Association (AVMA) CY JUL, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Vet Med Assoc ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS; HEALTH; ADHERENCE; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; HUMANS; SALMONELLOSIS; PRECAUTIONS; BRUCELLOSIS; PERSONNEL AB Objective-To assess the knowledge and use of infection control practices (ICPs) among US veterinarians. Design-Anonymous mail-out population survey. Procedures-In 2005 a questionnaire was mailed to US small animal, large animal, and equine veterinarians who were randomly selected from the) AVMA membership to assess precaution awareness (PA) and veterinarians' perceptions of zoonotic disease risks. Respondents were assigned a PA score (0 to 4) on the basis of their responses (higher scores representing higher stringency of ICPs); within a practice type, respondents' scores were categorized as being within the upper 25% or lower 75% of scores (high and low PA ranking, respectively). Characteristics associated with low PA rankings were assessed. Results-Generally, respondents did not engage in protective behaviors or use personal protective equipment considered appropriate to protect against zoonotic disease transmission. Small animal and equine veterinarians employed in practices that had no written infection control policy were significantly more likely to have low PA ranking. Male gender was associated with low PA ranking among small animal and large animal veterinarians; equine practitioners not working in a teaching or referral hospital were more likely to have low PA ranking than equine practitioners working in such institutions. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that most US veterinarians are not aware of appropriate personal protective equipment use and do not engage in practices that may help reduce zoonotic disease transmission. Gender differences may influence personal choices for ICPs. Provision of information and training on ICPs and establishment of written infection control policies could be effective means of improving ICPs in veterinary practices. C1 [Wright, Jennifer G.; Holman, Robert C.; Marano, Nina N.; McQuiston, Jennifer H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jung, Sherry] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wright, Jennifer G.; McQuiston, Jennifer H.] US PHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Wright, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 12 BP 1863 EP 1872 DI 10.2460/javma.232.12.1863 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 311NL UT WOS:000256606800034 PM 18598158 ER PT J AU Date, AA Kyaw, MH Rue, AM Klahn, J Obrecht, L Krohn, T Rowland, J Rubin, S Safranek, TJ Bellini, WJ Dayan, GH AF Date, Anand A. Kyaw, Moe H. Rue, Alison M. Klahn, Julie Obrecht, LeAnn Krohn, Terry Rowland, Josh Rubin, Steve Safranek, Thomas J. Bellini, William J. Dayan, Gustavo H. TI Long-term persistence of mumps antibody after receipt of 2 measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations and antibody response after a third MMR vaccination among a University population SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID UNITED-STATES; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; FAILURE; SCHOOL; IMMUNITY; ENGLAND; UPDATE AB Background. High attack rates among vaccinated young adults reported during the 2006 mumps outbreak in the United States heightened concerns regarding mumps vaccine failure. Methods. Serum specimens from university students and staff were tested for mumps immunoglobulin (Ig) G by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A subset of participants vaccinated for <= 5 years and >= 15 years were tested by neutralizing antibody (NA) assay. Persons seronegative by EIA were offered a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR3), and serum specimens were obtained 7-10 days and 2-3 months after its administration. Results. Overall, 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%-96%) of the 440 participants were seropositive. No differences existed in seropositivity rates by sex, age, age at receipt of the second dose of MMR vaccine (MMR2), or time since receipt of MMR2 ( P = .568). The geometric mean titer ( GMT) of NA among persons vaccinated with MMR2 during the previous 1-5 years was 97 ( 95% CI, 64-148), whereas, among those vaccinated >= 15 years before blood collection, the GMT was 58 ( 95% CI, 44-76) ( P = .065). After MMR3, 82% (14/17) and 91% (10/11) seroconverted in 7-10 days and 2-3 months, respectively. Conclusions. Lower levels of NA observed among persons who received MMR2 >= 15 years ago demonstrates antibody decay over time. MMR3 vaccination of most seronegative persons marked the capacity to mount an anamnestic response. C1 [Date, Anand A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kyaw, Moe H.; Rue, Alison M.; Dayan, Gustavo H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Klahn, Julie; Obrecht, LeAnn] Univ Nebraska, Kearney, NE USA. [Krohn, Terry] Two Rivers Publ Hlth Dept, Kearney, NE USA. [Rowland, Josh] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Nebraska Publ Hlth Lab, Omaha, NE USA. [Safranek, Thomas J.] Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. [Rubin, Steve] US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Date, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM adate@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1668 DI 10.1086/588197 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 307JN UT WOS:000256315300005 PM 18419346 ER PT J AU Nyitray, A Nielson, CM Harris, RB Flores, R Abrahamsen, M Dunne, EF Giuliano, AR AF Nyitray, Alan Nielson, Carrie M. Harris, Robin B. Flores, Roberto Abrahamsen, Martha Dunne, Eileen F. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexual men SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop CY NOV 03-09, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; GENITAL-INFECTION; SEXUAL PARTNERS; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; DNA; CANCER; BEHAVIOR; COHORT; FEMALE AB In US men, the incidence of anal cancer, the primary cause of which is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, has increased almost 3-fold in 3 decades; however, little is known about the epidemiology of anal HPV infection, especially in heterosexual men. In 2 US cities, behavioral data and anal biological specimens were collected from 253 men who acknowledged having engaged in sexual intercourse with a woman during the preceding year. On the basis of DNA analysis, overall prevalence of anal HPV infection was found to be 24.8% in 222 men who acknowledged having had no prior sexual intercourse with men. Of the men with anal HPV infection, 33.3% had an oncogenic HPV type. Risk factors independently associated with anal HPV were lifetime number of female sex partners and frequency of sex with females during the preceding month. These results suggest that anal HPV infection may be common in heterosexual men. C1 [Nyitray, Alan] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Nielson, Carrie M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Flores, Roberto; Abrahamsen, Martha; Giuliano, Anna R.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. [Dunne, Eileen F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nyitray, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Arizona Canc Ctr, 1295 N Martin Ave,Drachman Hall 206N,POB 24516, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM nyitray@email.arizona.edu FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU319276] NR 30 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 12 BP 1676 EP 1684 DI 10.1086/588145 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 307JN UT WOS:000256315300007 PM 18426367 ER PT J AU Carpenter, LR Pont, SJ Cooper, WO Griffin, MR Dudley, JA Arbogast, P Schaffner, W Jones, TF AF Carpenter, L. Rand Pont, Stephen J. Cooper, William O. Griffin, Marie R. Dudley, Judith A. Arbogast, Patrick Schaffner, William Jones, Timothy F. TI Stool cultures and antimicrobial prescriptions related to infectious diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID CHILDREN; FOODNET; ILLNESS; DISEASE AB Stool cultures can be important in guiding antimicrobial therapy for diarrhea. From among 11.64 million person-years of Tennessee Medicaid enrollment data collected from 1995 through 2004, 315,828 diarrheal episodes were identified. Stool cultures were performed for only 15,820 episodes (5.0%). Antimicrobials were prescribed for 32,949 episodes (10.4%), 89.4% of which were not accompanied by a stool culture. White race and urban residence were associated with higher rates of stool culture. Frequent use of antimicrobials for diarrhea without stool culture may indicate inappropriate antimicrobial use and has critical implications for public health. C1 [Carpenter, L. Rand; Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. [Carpenter, L. Rand] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pont, Stephen J.; Cooper, William O.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.; Dudley, Judith A.; Arbogast, Patrick; Schaffner, William; Jones, Timothy F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Carpenter, LR (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 1st Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM L.Rand.Carpenter@state.tn.us FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS 13833] NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 12 BP 1709 EP 1712 DI 10.1086/588142 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 307JN UT WOS:000256315300011 PM 18426365 ER PT J AU Turabelidze, G Schootman, M Zhu, BP Malone, JL Horowitz, S Weidinger, J Williamson, D Simoes, E AF Turabelidze, George Schootman, Mario Zhu, Bao-Ping Malone, Joseph L. Horowitz, Steven Weidinger, Joseph Williamson, Dhelia Simoes, Eduardo TI Multiple sclerosis prevalence and possible lead exposure SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE multiple sclerosis; prevalence; capture-recapture; spatial analysis; cluster ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY; CLUSTERS; CRITERIA AB This study was conducted to estimate the current prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Jefferson County, Missouri, USA, and to address community concerns about a perceived excess of MS around an active lead smelter. The study population consisted of the residents of Jefferson County, Missouri between 1998 and 2002. An aggressive MS case finding with capture-recapture analysis was used. The spatial clustering was examined using a spatial scan statistic. The capture-recapture analysis showed the case ascertainment to be 95%. The crude five-year period prevalence of MS in Jefferson County was 105 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI], 91-121), and 107 per 100,000 (95% CI, 95-119) when age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. No significant spatial clusters of MS cases were identified in the study area. The estimates of MS prevalence in Mid-western community of USA appeared to be comparable to estimates from other areas of similar latitude in the United States and Western Europe. The MS cases did not appear to cluster around the lead smelter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Turabelidze, George] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Eastern Dist Off, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Schootman, Mario] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Horowitz, Steven] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Williamson, Dhelia] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Horowitz, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Turabelidze, G (reprint author), Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Eastern Dist Off, 220 S Jefferson St, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM George.Turabelidze@dhss.mo.gov OI Schootman, Mario/0000-0003-1162-8824; Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305; Malone, Joseph/0000-0002-5515-6171 FU PHS HHS [U50/ATU772303-03-2] NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 269 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.jns.2008.01.008 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 305WM UT WOS:000256208500025 PM 18282582 ER PT J AU Krecek, RC Michael, LM Schantz, PM Ntanjana, L Smith, MF Dorny, P Harrison, LJS Grimmi, F Praet, N Willingham, AL AF Krecek, R. C. Michael, L. M. Schantz, P. M. Ntanjana, L. Smith, M. F. Dorny, P. Harrison, L. J. S. Grimmi, F. Praet, N. Willingham, A. L., III TI Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine cysticercosis; true and apparent prevalence; resource-poor pig producers; Bayesian approach; Eastern Cape Province; South Africa; Taenia solium ID SAGINATA CYSTICERCOSIS; PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; PIGS; DIAGNOSIS; FRAMEWORK; ANTIGENS; SURFACE; CATTLE; ASSAY AB The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, causative organism of porcine cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis is known to occur in areas of South Africa including Eastern Cape Province but, despite increasing reports of its occurrence throughout the subregion, the prevalence is yet to be clearly established. The parasite presents a potentially serious agricultural problem and public health risk in endemic areas. The human populations considered to be at highest risk of infection with this zoonotic helminth are people living in rural areas most of whom earn their livelihood wholly or partially through livestock rearing. Here we report on initial results of a community-based study of pigs owned by resource-poor, emerging pig producers from 21 villages in the Eastern Cape Province. Lingual examination (tongue palpation) in live pigs, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which detect parasite antigen (B 158/B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) assay, which detects antiparasite antibody, were used to verify endemicity and estimate apparent prevalence. In the absence of a gold standard true prevalence was obtained, using a Bayesian approach, with a model that uses both available data and prior information. Results indicate that the parasite is indeed present in the study villages and that true prevalence was 64.6%. The apparent prevalences as measured by each of the four tests were: 11.9% for lingual examination, 54.8% for B158/B60 Ag-ELISA, 40.6% for HP10 Ag-ELISA and 33.3% for EITB. This base-line knowledge of the prevalence of T solium in pigs provides information essential to the design and monitoring of sustainable and appropriate interventions for cysticercosis prevention and control. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. Bayer Pty Ltd, Div Anim Hlth, ZA-1600 Isando, South Africa. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vet Serv Eastern Cape Province, Dept Agr, ZA-5605 Bhisho, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Agr Res Council, Biometry Unit, ZA-0127 Pretoria, South Africa. Inst Trop Med, Dept Anim Hlth, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Div Vet Clin Sci, Ctr Trop Vet Med,Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, WHO FAO Collaborating Ctr Parasit Zoonoses, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. RP Krecek, RC (reprint author), Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, POB 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. EM tkrecek@rossvet.edu.kn NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.03.005 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 310TB UT WOS:000256552100006 PM 18440704 ER PT J AU Wang, RJ Zhang, LX Feng, YY Ning, CS Han, FC Xiao, LH Zhao, JF Wang, YL AF Wang, Rongjun Zhang, Longxian Feng, Yaoyu Ning, Changshen Han, Fuchun Xiao, Lihua Zhao, Jinfeng Wang, Yongli TI Molecular characterization of a new genotype of Cryptosporidium from American minks (Mustela vison) in China SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; mink; mink genotype; 18S rRNA; HSP70; COWP; actin ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PARASITES; PARVUM; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; FERRETS; REGION AB A total of 469 fecal samples were collected from American minks (Mustela vison) on a farm in Hebei Province in China and examined for Cryptosporidium by Sheather's sugar flotation technique and 8 Cryptosporidim isolates were obtained. The partial 18S rRNA, 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and actin genes of six isolates were sequenced. Sequence data were analyzed together with known Cryptosporidium spp. and genotypes. Results of this multi-locus genetic characterization indicated that the six Cryptosporidium isolates in this study shared the same sequences of the genes studied and were different from known Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. The closest relative was Cryptosporidium ferret genotype with 7, 22, 2 and 2 nucleotide differences in the 18S rRNA, HSP70, COWP and actin genes, respectively. The homology to ferret genotype at the 18S rRNA locus was 99.1 %, which is comparable to that between C. parvum and C. hominis (99.2%), or between C muris and C. andersoni (99.4%). Therefore, the Cryptosporidium in minks in this study is considered a new genotype, the Cryptosporidium mink genotype. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Rongjun; Zhang, Longxian; Ning, Changshen; Han, Fuchun; Zhao, Jinfeng; Wang, Yongli] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yaoyu] Chinese Ctr Dis Control Prevent, Natl Inst Parasit Dis, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. EM zhanglx8999@yahoo.com.cn RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.038 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 310TB UT WOS:000256552100023 PM 18434024 ER PT J AU Lin, GH Cai, ZP Wu, JF Wan, XF Xu, LZ Goebel, R AF Lin, Guohui Cai, Zhipeng Wu, Junfeng Wan, Xiu-Feng Xu, Lizhe Goebel, Randy TI Identifying a few foot-and-mouth disease virus signature nucleotide strings for computational genotyping SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; RECOMBINATION AB Background: Serotypes of the Foot-and-Mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) were generally determined by biological experiments. The computational genotyping is not well studied even with the availability of whole viral genomes, due to uneven evolution among genes as well as frequent genetic recombination. Naively using sequence comparison for genotyping is only able to achieve a limited extent of success. Results: We used 129 FMDV strains with known serotype as training strains to select as many as 140 most serotype-specific nucleotide strings. We then constructed a linear-kernel Support Vector Machine classifier using these 140 strings. Under the leave-one-out cross validation scheme, this classifier was able to assign correct serotype to 127 of these 129 strains, achieving 98.45% accuracy. It also assigned serotype correctly to an independent test set of 83 other FMDV strains downloaded separately from NCBI GenBank. Conclusion: Computational genotyping is much faster and much cheaper than the wet-lab based biological experiments, upon the availability of the detailed molecular sequences. The high accuracy of our proposed method suggests the potential of utilizing a few signature nucleotide strings instead of whole genomes to determine the serotypes of novel FMDV strains. C1 [Lin, Guohui; Cai, Zhipeng; Wu, Junfeng; Goebel, Randy] Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccine Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Xu, Lizhe] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Lin, GH (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada. EM ghlin@cs.ualberta.ca; zhipeng@cs.ualberta.ca; jeffwu@cs.ualberta.ca; fvq7@cdc.gov; lizhe.xu@aphis.usda.gov; goebel@cs.ualberta.ca NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 279 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-279 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 319JZ UT WOS:000257161200001 PM 18554404 ER PT J AU Snyder, JA Madura, JD AF Snyder, James A. Madura, Jeffry D. TI Interaction of the phospholipid head group with representative quartz and aluminosilicate structures: An ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MECHANICAL MODEL; POPULATION ANALYSIS; ENZYME PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; RESPIRABLE QUARTZ; SILICA HYDROXYLS; SURFACTANT; KAOLIN; ADSORPTION; BOND AB Silica dust particles in the form of quartz (but not kaolin) have been hypothesized to promote pulmonary diseases such as silicosis. The hypothesis is that quartz and kaolin have a comparable membranolytic potential on a specific surface area basis, and they have a comparable cytotoxic potential for lavaged pulmonary macrophages. Suppression of the cytotoxic activity occurs when these dust particles are treated with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a common phospholipid component of the lung pulmonary surfactant. However, the enzyme phospholipase A2 is known to digest the phospholipid component more readily in the presence of quartz than kaolin. Since surface silanol (Si-OH) and aluminol (Al-OH) groups may interact differently with the phospholipid, an understanding of the selective removal of phospholipid by PLA2 may explain in vivo differences in cytotoxicity between quartz and kaolin. To develop some insight into this phenomenon, the interaction between a phospholipid and silica particles was examined by performing ab initio DFT calculations on clusters constructed with small (one or two silica tetrahedral units) representative parts of the silicate surface and the phospholipid head group. The clusters consisted of a phospholipid head group or functional groups from the head group complexed with Si(OSiH3)(3)OH, Al(OSiH3)(3)OH- or Al(OSiH3)(3)OH2. Fully optimized geometries of the complexes were used to determine binding energies, -OH vibrational frequency shifts, and NMR chemical shieldings. Results indicate that interaction of the protonated aluminol group (Al-OH2+) with the phosphate portion of the head group is strongest, while interaction of the -OH2+ group with the trimethyl-choline moiety of the head group is weakest. The presence of the choline moiety increased the magnitude of the -OH vibrational frequency shifts, and the shifts were significantly larger in complexes with protonated aluminol groups relative to silanol complexes. Analysis of ChelpG atomic charges shows that a net transfer of charge occurs from the silica unit to the head group within the complexes. C1 [Snyder, James A.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Madura, Jeffry D.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Computat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Snyder, JA (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zyu4@cdc.gov OI Madura, Jeffry/0000-0001-6117-2218 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 23 BP 7095 EP 7103 DI 10.1021/jp7103769 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 309XA UT WOS:000256492300025 PM 18476731 ER PT J AU Lipkin, WI Catton, M Zaki, SR AF Lipkin, W. Ian Catton, Mike Zaki, Sherif R. TI A new arenavirus in transplantation - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Catton, Mike] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3053, Australia. [Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil2001@columbia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 24 BP 2638 EP 2639 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 311IJ UT WOS:000256593600016 ER PT J AU Redd, SB Kutty, PK Parker, AA LeBaron, CW Barskey, AE Seward, JF Rota, JS Rota, PA Lowe, L Bellini, WJ AF Redd, S. B. Kutty, P. K. Parker, A. A. LeBaron, C. W. Barskey, A. E. Seward, J. F. Rota, J. S. Rota, P. A. Lowe, L. Bellini, W. J. TI Measles - United States, January 1-April 25, 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 494-498, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NONMEDICAL EXEMPTIONS C1 [Redd, S. B.; Kutty, P. K.; Parker, A. A.; LeBaron, C. W.; Barskey, A. E.; Seward, J. F.; Rota, J. S.; Rota, P. A.; Lowe, L.; Bellini, W. J.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Redd, SB (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 22 BP 2621 EP 2623 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 311FN UT WOS:000256586200009 ER PT J AU Promadej-Lanier, N Srinivasan, P Curtis, K Adams, DR Kim, C Luo, W Jia, HW Subbarao, S Otten, RA Butera, S AF Promadej-Lanier, Nattawan Srinivasan, Priya Curtis, Kelly Adams, Debra R. Kim, Caryn Luo, Wei Jia, Hongwei Subbarao, Shambavi Otten, Ron A. Butera, Sal TI Systemic and mucosal immunological responses during repeated mucosal SHIV162P3 challenges prior to and following infection in pigtailed macaques SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE repeated challenges; low-dose; Cervico-vaginal lavage; T-cell responses; mucosal cytokines; SHIV infection; DC-SIGN ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; HIV PRECLINICAL INTERVENTIONS; IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RHESUS MACAQUES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DENDRITIC CELLS; SEX WORKERS; DC-SIGN AB Local and systemic immunological changes following vaginal HIV-1 exposures are poorly characterized and may influence susceptibility to infection. Therefore, we examined longitudinal mucosal, plasma cytokine profiles and viral-specific T-cell responses (vSTRs) before and during weekly repeated low-dose SHIVSF162P3 viral challenges in six female pigtailed macaques, even in the absence of overt systemic infection. Following a single viral challenge, induction of several cytokines was detected consistently in cervico-vaginal lavages (CVL). With additional exposure and documented systemic infection, a hallmark of response profile was defined as peak levels in both CVL (MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta , IL-1RA and IL-8) and plasma cytokines (MCP-1, eotaxin and IL- IRA) in the macaques. In the periphery, vSTRs were observed within the first one or two viral challenges, but prior to the detection of systemic infection in 5/6 exposed pigtailed macaques. These findings provide valuable information regarding mucosal HIV-1 infection that may benefit microbicide research and development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Promadej-Lanier, Nattawan; Srinivasan, Priya; Curtis, Kelly; Adams, Debra R.; Kim, Caryn; Luo, Wei; Jia, Hongwei; Subbarao, Shambavi; Otten, Ron A.; Butera, Sal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Promadej-Lanier, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Branch Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS G-45,Bldg 18,Room 2-151, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NLanier@cdc.gov; PSrinivasan@cdc.gov; KACurtis@cdc.gov; DRAams@cdc.gov; Ckim1@cdc.gov; WLuo@cdc.gov; HJia@cdc.gov; SSubbarao@cdc.gov; Rotten@cdc.gov; SButera@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 2 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.040 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 304JQ UT WOS:000256106200018 PM 18355888 ER PT J AU Li, H McMahon, BJ McArdle, S Bruden, D Sullivan, DG Shelton, D Deubner, H Gretch, DR AF Li, Hui McMahon, Brian J. McArdle, Susan Bruden, Dana Sullivan, Daniel G. Shelton, Dave Deubner, Heike Gretch, David R. TI Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein co-evolutionary dynamics during chronic hepatitis C SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; envelope glycoprotein; viral evolution; viral fitness; chronic liver disease ID HYPERVARIABLE REGION 1; INTERFERON-ALPHA THERAPY; GEL SHIFT ANALYSIS; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; FLAVIVIRUS ENVELOPE; GLYCOSYLATION SITES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein co-evolution was studied in 14 genotype 1-infected and treatment-naive subjects, including 7 with mild and 7 with severe liver disease. Cassettes encoding the envelope 1 gene (E1) and hypervariable region (HvR1) of the envelope 2 gene were isolated at 38 different time points over 81 follow-up years. There were no significant differences in age, gender, alcohol use, or viral load between the mild and severe disease groups. Virus from subjects with severe disease had significantly slower evolution in HVR1, and significant divergent evolution of E1 quasispecies, characterized by a preponderance of synonymous mutations, compared to virus from subjects with mild disease. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated higher similarity between amino acid sequences of the E1 and HVR1 regions with mild disease versus severe disease (r= 0.44 versus r=0.17, respectively; P=0.01). In summary, HCV envelope quasispecies co-evolution differs during mild versus severe disease. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Hui; McArdle, Susan; Sullivan, Daniel G.; Shelton, Dave; Gretch, David R.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McMahon, Brian J.; Bruden, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Alaska Native Med Ctr, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Deubner, Heike] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gretch, David R.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gretch, DR (reprint author), 325 9th Ave,Box 359690, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM gretch@u.washington.edu RI Li, Hui/E-8533-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049168-07, R01 AI049168, AI 48214, AI 7044-28, R01 AI066209, R01 AI066209-03, T32 AI007044, U19 AI048214] NR 98 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 2 BP 580 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.012 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 304JQ UT WOS:000256106200027 PM 18343477 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Brown, DW Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Giles, WH AF Anda, Robert F. Brown, David W. Felitti, Vincent J. Dube, Shanta R. Giles, Wayne H. TI Adverse childhood experiences and prescription drug use in a cohort study of adult HMO patients SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; SEXUAL-ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS; NATIONAL SURVEY; RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; NEUROBIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Prescription drugs account for approximately 11% of national health expenditures. Prior research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include common forms of child maltreatment and related traumatic stressors, has linked them to numerous health problems. However, data about the relationship of these experiences to prescription drug use are scarce. Method: We used the ACE Score (an integer count of 8 different categories of ACEs) as a measure of cumulative exposure to traumatic stress during childhood. We prospectively assessed the relationship of the Score to prescription drug use in a cohort of 15,033 adult HMO patients (mean follow-up: 6.1 years) and assessed mediation of this relationship by documented ACE-related health and social problems. Results: Nearly 1.2 million prescriptions were recorded; prescriptions rates increased in a graded fashion as the ACE Score increased (p for trend < 0.0001). Compared to persons with an ACE Score of 0, persons with a Score = 5 had rates increased by 40%; graded relationships were seen for all age groups (18-44, 45-64, and 65-89 years) (p for trend < 0.01). Graded relationships were observed for the risk of being in the upper decile of number of classes of drugs used; persons with scores of = 5 had this risk increased 2-fold. Adjustment for ACE-related health problems reduced the strength of the associations by more than 60%. Conclusion: ACEs substantially increase the number of prescriptions and classes of drugs used for as long as 7 or 8 decades after their occurrence. The increases in prescription drug use were largely mediated by documented ACE-related health and social problems. C1 [Anda, Robert F.; Brown, David W.; Dube, Shanta R.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Felitti, Vincent J.] So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rfa1@cdc.gov; dbrown6@cdc.gov; vjfmdsdca@mac.com; skd7@cdc.gov; hwg0@cdc.gov FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 198 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-198 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319LK UT WOS:000257164900002 PM 18533034 ER PT J AU Joseph, DA Rim, SH Seeff, LC AF Joseph, D. A. Rim, S. H. Seeff, L. C. TI Use of colorectal cancer tests - United States, 2002, 2004, and 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 37, pg 253-258, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Joseph, D. A.; Rim, S. H.; Seeff, L. C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joseph, DA (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 21 BP 2501 EP 2502 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 308AR UT WOS:000256361200010 ER PT J AU Sutherland, A Izurieta, H Ball, R Braun, MM Miller, ER Broder, KR Slade, BA Iskander, JK Kroger, AT Markowitz, LE Huang, WT AF Sutherland, A. Izurieta, H. Ball, R. Braun, M. M. Miller, E. R. Broder, K. R. Slade, B. A. Iskander, J. K. Kroger, A. T. Markowitz, L. E. Huang, W. T. TI Syncope after vaccination - United States, January 2005 to July 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 457-460, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNIZATION; SAFETY C1 [Sutherland, A.; Izurieta, H.; Ball, R.; Braun, M. M.] US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Miller, E. R.; Broder, K. R.; Slade, B. A.; Iskander, J. K.] CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kroger, A. T.] CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Markowitz, L. E.] CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Huang, W. T.] CDC, EIS Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sutherland, A (reprint author), US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RI Huang, Wan-Ting/E-3497-2010 OI Huang, Wan-Ting/0000-0002-4344-9567 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 21 BP 2502 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 308AR UT WOS:000256361200011 ER PT J AU Freedman, DM Looker, AC Chang, SC Graubard, BI AF Freedman, D. Michal Looker, Anne C. Chang, Shih-Chen Graubard, Barry I. TI Re: Prospective study of vitamin D and cancer mortality in the United States - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 [Freedman, D. Michal; Chang, Shih-Chen; Graubard, Barry I.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Looker, Anne C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Chang, Shih-Chen] AstraZeneca Int, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Freedman, DM (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, EPS Rm 7036,6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mf101e@nih.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 11 BP 827 EP 828 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn042 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 310IU UT WOS:000256522900014 ER PT J AU Christophi, CA Kolokotroni, O Alpert, HR Warren, CW Jones, NR Demokritou, P Connolly, GN AF Christophi, Costas A. Kolokotroni, Ourania Alpert, Hillel R. Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Demokritou, Philip Connolly, Gregory N. TI Prevalence and social environment of cigarette smoking in Cyprus youth SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO USE; STUDENTS; MORTALITY; WORLDWIDE; RISK AB Background: Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Limited data exist regarding the extent of the problem among Cyprus youth. We use the Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among middle and high school students as well as the social environment in which this is taking place. Methods: The survey was conducted by the Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to select a representative sample of students from middle and high schools registered with the Republic of Cyprus in 2005-2006. The study questionnaire consisted of 99 questions and participation in the survey was voluntary. Statistical analyses were performed taking into consideration the specific design of the study and the sample weights associated with each completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of current smoking, defined as having smoked cigarettes on one or more days of the past 30 days, is 13% among boys and 7% among girls in middle schools, and 36% among boys and 23% among girls in high schools. Furthermore, 16% of middle school students and more than 24% of high school students that had never smoked indicated that they are likely to initiate smoking within the next year. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is also very high with 91% of students reporting being exposed to smoke in places outside home. In addition, more than 95% of current smokers reported that they had bought cigarettes in a store during the past month and were not refused cigarettes because of their age. Conclusion: Smoking prevalence among Cyprus middle and high school students is high and there are indications of an increase in the prevalence of smoking among girls over the last few years. Susceptibility rates, exposure to second-hand smoke, and access to and availability of cigarettes to youth are also high and concerning. The present survey indicates that the problem of cigarette smoking among youth in Cyprus is significant and requires collective action immediately. C1 [Christophi, Costas A.; Kolokotroni, Ourania; Demokritou, Philip] Cyprus Int Inst Environm & Publ Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Christophi, Costas A.; Kolokotroni, Ourania; Demokritou, Philip] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Christophi, Costas A.; Demokritou, Philip] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Christophi, Costas A.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Alpert, Hillel R.; Connolly, Gregory N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Christophi, CA (reprint author), Cyprus Int Inst Environm & Publ Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus. EM cchristophi@cyprusinstitute.org; okolokotroni@cyprusinstitute.org; halpert@hsph.harvard.edu; wcw1@cdc.gov; naj5@cdc.gov; pdemokri@hsph.harvard.edu; gconnoll@hsph.harvard.edu OI Kolokotroni, Ourania/0000-0002-7653-002X NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 190 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-190 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319LI UT WOS:000257164700001 PM 18518947 ER PT J AU Khatib, RA Killeen, GF Abdulla, SMK Kahigwa, E McElroy, PD Gerrets, RPM Mshinda, H Mwita, A Kachur, SP AF Khatib, Rashid A. Killeen, Gerry F. Abdulla, Salim M. K. Kahigwa, Elizeus McElroy, Peter D. Gerrets, Rene P. M. Mshinda, Hassan Mwita, Alex Kachur, S. Patrick TI Markets, voucher subsidies and free nets combine to achieve high bed net coverage in rural Tanzania SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHILD-MORTALITY; SCALING-UP; BEDNETS; SURVIVAL; HEALTH; MORBIDITY; INFECTION; KENYA AB Background: Tanzania has a well-developed network of commercial ITN retailers. In 2004, the government introduced a voucher subsidy for pregnant women and, in mid 2005, helped distribute free nets to under-fives in small number of districts, including Rufiji on the southern coast, during a child health campaign. Contributions of these multiple insecticide-treated net delivery strategies existing at the same time and place to coverage in a poor rural community were assessed. Methods: Cross-sectional household survey in 6,331 members of randomly selected 1,752 households of 31 rural villages of Demographic Surveillance System in Rufiji district, Southern Tanzania was conducted in 2006. A questionnaire was administered to every consenting respondent about net use, treatment status and delivery mechanism. Findings: Net use was 62.7% overall, 87.2% amongst infants (0 to 1 year), 81.8% amongst young children (> 1 to 5 years), 54.5% amongst older children (6 to 15 years) and 59.6% amongst adults (> 15 years). 30.2% of all nets had been treated six months prior to interview. The biggest source of nets used by infants was purchase from the private sector with a voucher subsidy (41.8%). Half of nets used by young children (50.0%) and over a third of those used by older children (37.2%) were obtained free of charge through the vaccination campaign. The largest source of nets amongst the population overall was commercial purchase (45.1% use) and was the primary means for protecting adults (60.2% use). All delivery mechanisms, especially sale of nets at full market price, under-served the poorest but no difference in equity was observed between voucher-subsidized and freely distributed nets. Conclusion: All three delivery strategies enabled a poor rural community to achieve net coverage high enough to yield both personal and community level protection for the entire population. Each of them reached their relevant target group and free nets only temporarily suppressed the net market, illustrating that in this setting that these are complementary rather than mutually exclusive approaches. C1 [Khatib, Rashid A.; Killeen, Gerry F.; Abdulla, Salim M. K.; Kahigwa, Elizeus; Mshinda, Hassan] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis,Strateg & Appl Sci Unit, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Univ Durham, Inst Ecosyst Sci, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [McElroy, Peter D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Gerrets, Rene P. M.] Max Planck Inst Social Anthropol, D-06017 Halle, Germany. [Mwita, Alex] Natl Malaria Control Programme, Minist Hlth & Social Welfare, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Khatib, RA (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, POB 78373, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM rakhatib@ihrdc.or.tz; gkilleen@ihrdc.or.tz; salim.abdulla@gmail.com; ekahigwa@yahoo.com; pmcelroy@usaid.gov; rgerrets@gmail.com; hmshinda@ihrdc.or.tz; mwita@nmcp.go.tz; spk0@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust [076806] NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 98 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-98 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 312ZR UT WOS:000256711400001 PM 18518956 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Floyd, RL Tsai, J Green, PP Davis, XM AF Denny, C. H. Floyd, R. L. Tsai, J. Green, P. P. Davis, X. M. TI The impact of changes in the binge drinking definition on binge drinking prevalence estimates among women of childbearing age, 2005-2006 SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism and the International-Society-for-Biomedical-Research-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Res Soc Alcoholism, Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism C1 [Denny, C. H.; Floyd, R. L.; Tsai, J.; Green, P. P.; Davis, X. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 SU 1 BP 125A EP 125A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 309YX UT WOS:000256497200459 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL Green, PP Denny, CH AF Tsai, J. Floyd, R. L. Green, P. P. Denny, C. H. TI Concurrent alcohol use and cigarette smoking among women of childbearing age, NHIS, 2003-2005 SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism and the International-Society-for-Biomedical-Research-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Res Soc Alcoholism, Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism C1 [Tsai, J.; Floyd, R. L.; Green, P. P.; Denny, C. H.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Prevent Res Branch,Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 SU 1 BP 125A EP 125A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 309YX UT WOS:000256497200460 ER PT J AU Mason, CA Gaffney, M Green, DR Grosse, SD AF Mason, Craig A. Gaffney, Marcus Green, Denise R. Grosse, Scott D. TI Measures of Follow-Up in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs: A Need for Standardization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infant hearing loss; hearing rescreening; audiologic diagnostic testing AB Purpose: To demonstrate the need for standardized data definitions and reporting for early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs collecting information on newborn hearing screening and follow-up, and types of information best collected in a standardized manner. Method: A hypothetical birth cohort was used to show the potential effects of nonstandardized definitions and data classifications on rates of hearing screening, audiologic follow-up, and hearing loss. Results: The true screening rate in this cohort was 92.4%. The calculated rate was between 90.0% and 96.5%, depending on the measure used. Among children documented as screened and referred for follow-up, 61.0% received this testing. Only 49.0% were documented to have been tested. Despite a true prevalence of 3.7 per 1,000 births, only 1.5 per 1,000 children were documented with a hearing loss. Conclusion: Ensuring that children receive recommended follow-up is challenging. Without complete reporting by audiologists to EHDI programs, accurate calculation of performance measures is impossible. Lack of documentation can lead to the overstatement of "loss to follow-up." Also, standardization of measures is essential for programs to evaluate how many children receive recommended services and assess progress toward national goals. A new survey has been implemented to collect more detailed and standardized information about recommended services. C1 [Mason, Craig A.; Gaffney, Marcus; Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mason, Craig A.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Green, Denise R.] McKing Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaffney, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgaffney@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1059-0889 J9 AM J AUDIOL JI Am. J. Audiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1044/1059-0889(2008/007) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA V16VI UT WOS:000207896700007 PM 18519580 ER PT J AU Dubowitz, T Heron, M Bird, CE Lurie, N Finch, BK Basurto-Davila, R Hale, L Escarce, JJ AF Dubowitz, Tamara Heron, Melonie Bird, Chloe E. Lurie, Nicole Finch, Brian K. Basurto-Davila, Ricardo Hale, Lauren Escarce, Jose J. TI Neighborhood socioeconomic status and fruit and vegetable intake among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR DIETARY PATTERNS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; ETHNIC-GROUPS; HEALTH; CONSUMPTION; FOOD; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic disparities in health status across the United States are large and persistent. Obesity rates are rising faster in black and Hispanic populations than in white populations, and they foreshadow even greater disparities in chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease in years to come. Factors that influence dietary intake of fruit and vegetables in these populations are only partly understood. Objectives: We examined associations between fruit and vegetable intake and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), analyzed whether neighborhood SES explains racial differences in intake, and explored the extent to which neighborhood SES has differential effects by race-ethnicity of US adults. Design: Using geocoded residential addresses from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we merged individual-level data with county and census tract-level US Census data. We estimated 3-level hierarchical models predicting fruit and vegetable intake with individual characteristics and an index of neighborhood SES as explanatory variables. Results: Neighborhood SES was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake: a 1-SD increase in the neighborhood SES index was associated with consumption of nearly 2 additional servings of fruit and vegetables per week. Neighborhood SES explained some of the black-white disparity in fruit and vegetable intake and was differentially associated with fruit and vegetable intake among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans. Conclusions: The positive association of neighborhood SES with fruit and vegetable intake is one important pathway through which the social environment of neighborhoods affects population health and nutrition for whites, blacks, and Hispanics in the United States. C1 [Dubowitz, Tamara] RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bird, Chloe E.; Basurto-Davila, Ricardo; Escarce, Jose J.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Heron, Melonie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Finch, Brian K.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hale, Lauren] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Escarce, Jose J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, RAND Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Dubowitz, T (reprint author), RAND Corp, 4570 5th Ave,Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM dubowitz@rand.org RI Bird, Chloe/C-7107-2008; Basurto-Davila, Ricardo/C-6586-2008 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1P50ES012383-01, P50 ES012383] NR 50 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1883 EP 1891 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 313ET UT WOS:000256724600040 PM 18541581 ER PT J AU Saul, J Wandersman, A Flaspohler, P Duffy, J Lubell, K Noonan, R AF Saul, Janet Wandersman, Abraham Flaspohler, Paul Duffy, Jennifer Lubell, Keri Noonan, Rita TI Research and action for bridging science and practice in prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE research translation; violence prevention ID INNOVATIONS; PROGRAMS; ABUSE AB There is a well-known gap between science and practice. To address this gap in the areas of Child Maltreatment (CM) and Youth Violence (Y/V), the Division of Violence Prevention (DVP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) embarked on a Dissemination/Implementation (D/I) planning project. The project was aimed at identifying better ways to connect research and practice through reviews of the literature as well as through discussions with experts on violence prevention and research utilization. This introductory article sets the stage for the rest of the special issue by defining terms, providing a rationale for the planning project, describing the planning process, and summarizing what is to come in the rest of the issue. C1 [Saul, Janet; Lubell, Keri; Noonan, Rita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wandersman, Abraham; Duffy, Jennifer] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Flaspohler, Paul] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Saul, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jsaul@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10464-008-9169-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 287DZ UT WOS:000254898400001 PM 18317921 ER PT J AU Wandersman, A Duffy, J Flaspohler, P Noonan, R Lubell, K Stillman, L Blachman, M Dunville, R Saul, J AF Wandersman, Abraham Duffy, Jennifer Flaspohler, Paul Noonan, Rita Lubell, Keri Stillman, Lindsey Blachman, Morris Dunville, Richard Saul, Janet TI Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissemination; implementation; bridging research and practice; capacity building; prevention ID BUILDING COMMUNITY CAPACITY; HEALTH-PROMOTION; ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY; SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS; INTERVENTIONS; PROGRAMS; SCIENCE; DIFFUSION; INNOVATIONS; PERSPECTIVE AB If we keep on doing what we have been doing, we are going to keep on getting what we have been getting. Concerns about the gap between science and practice are longstanding. There is a need for new approaches to supplement the existing approaches of research to practice models and the evolving community-centered models for bridging this gap. In this article, we present the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) that uses aspects of research to practice models and of community-centered models. The framework presents three systems: the Prevention Synthesis and Translation System (which distills information about innovations and translates it into user-friendly formats); the Prevention Support System (which provides training, technical assistance or other support to users in the field); and the Prevention Delivery System (which implements innovations in the world of practice). The framework is intended to be used by different types of stakeholders (e.g., funders, practitioners, researchers) who can use it to see prevention not only through the lens of their own needs and perspectives, but also as a way to better understand the needs of other stakeholders and systems. It provides a heuristic for understanding the needs, barriers, and resources of the different systems, as well as a structure for summarizing existing research and for illuminating priority areas for new research and action. C1 [Wandersman, Abraham; Duffy, Jennifer; Stillman, Lindsey; Blachman, Morris] Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Flaspohler, Paul] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Noonan, Rita; Lubell, Keri; Saul, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wandersman, A (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM wanderah@gwm.sc.edu NR 74 TC 305 Z9 307 U1 7 U2 75 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10464-008-9174-z PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 287DZ UT WOS:000254898400002 PM 18302018 ER PT J AU Saul, J Duffy, J Noonan, R Lubell, K Wandersman, A Flaspohler, P Stillman, L Blachman, M Dunville, R AF Saul, Janet Duffy, Jennifer Noonan, Rita Lubell, Keri Wandersman, Abraham Flaspohler, Paul Stillman, Lindsey Blachman, Morris Dunville, Richard TI Bridging science and practice in violence prevention: Addressing ten key challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE research translation; violence prevention ID EDUCATION; INTERVENTIONS; PROGRAMS AB This article illustrates ideas for bridging science and practice generated during the Division of Violence Prevention's (DVP) dissemination/implementation planning process. The difficulty of moving what is known about what works into broader use is near universal, and this planning process pushed us to look beyond the common explanations (e.g., providers were resistant/unwilling to change practice) and think about the multiple layers and systems involved. As part of this planning process, the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) was developed and then applied to the fields of child maltreatment and youth violence prevention. Challenges for each of the three systems in the ISF are discussed as well as and action and research ideas to address the challenges. Also described are actions taken by DVP in response to the planning process to illustrate how a funder can use the ISF to bridge science and practice. C1 [Saul, Janet; Noonan, Rita; Lubell, Keri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Duffy, Jennifer; Wandersman, Abraham; Stillman, Lindsey; Blachman, Morris] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Flaspohler, Paul] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Dunville, Richard] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saul, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Jsaul@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10464-008-9171-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 287DZ UT WOS:000254898400004 PM 18340524 ER PT J AU Galavotti, C Kuhlmann, AKS Kraft, JM Harford, N Petraglia, J AF Galavotti, Christine Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert Kraft, Joan Marie Harford, Nicola Petraglia, Joseph TI From innovation to implementation: The long and winding road SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE theory-based behavioral intervention; program adaptation; entertainment education; role models; HIV; AIDS ID ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; HIV/AIDS; TANZANIA; HEALTH AB Building on theory and past research, in early 2000 scientists in the Division of Reproductive Health developed a prevention innovation for CDC's Global AIDS Program for use in countries severely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This innovative program model is called MARCH: Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat HIV/AIDS (Galavotti et al. Am J Public Health 91:1602-1607, 2001). MARCH promotes behavioral changes that reduce the risk of HIV infection and creates normative environments that sustain these changes through two key program components: entertainment-education using mass media, particularly long-running radio serial dramas, and reinforcement activities at the community level. Using the framework developed by Wandersman et al. (Am J Commun Psychol, 41(3-4), 2008), we describe the key elements of the MARCH prevention innovation and outline how we support its adaptation and implementation. We focus on the following questions: How do we get from an innovative model to effective program implementation in the field? How do we support implementation with fidelity when adaptation is required? And, once implemented, can we demonstrate fidelity of the adaptation to the original program model? Because our program model requires local adaptation for every instance of implementation, we suggest a potential enhancement to the Interactive Systems Framework-support for adaptation of the innovation-as part of the Prevention Support System. In this paper we describe how we supported adaptation of the radio serial drama component for unique contexts in several African countries. We focus attention on the tools and trainings we developed to build innovation specific capacity for implementation, including capacities for adaptation. We then present results of a qualitative analysis of scripts from the MARCH radio serial drama in Zimbabwe to assess the adapted program's fidelity to the original design of the innovation. Finally, we discuss lessons learned and explore implications for the field. C1 [Galavotti, Christine; Kraft, Joan Marie] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert] MANILA Consulting Grp Inc, Mclean, VA USA. [Harford, Nicola] Media Support, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Petraglia, Joseph] Global Hlth Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Galavotti, C (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cxg2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 314 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10464-008-9172-1 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 287DZ UT WOS:000254898400013 PM 18297390 ER PT J AU Lesesne, CA Lewis, KM White, CP Green, DC Duffy, JL Wandersman, A AF Lesesne, Catherine A. Lewis, Kelly M. White, Carla Poindexter Green, Diane C. Duffy, Jennifer L. Wandersman, Abraham TI Promoting science-based approaches to teen pregnancy prevention: Proactively engaging the three systems of the interactive systems framework SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE teen pregnancy prevention; getting to outcomes; interactive systems framework; dissemination; implementation; science-based Approaches ID COALITION-PARTNERSHIP-PROGRAMS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; COMMUNITY CAPACITY; ISSUES; IMPLEMENTATION; ORGANIZATIONS; OUTCOMES; MODELS AB In the field of teen pregnancy prevention many efficacious prevention programs are available but adoption of these programs is slow at the community level. In this article, we present a multi-site, capacity-building effort called the Promoting Science-based Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention project (PSBA) as a case example of a proactive application of the Interactive System Framework (ISF) for dissemination and implementation. The ISF is a multi-system model leading to dissemination and implementation of science-based prevention programming through the work of three interactive systems: The "Prevention Delivery," "Prevention Support," and "Prevention Synthesis & Translation" Systems. This article describes the proactive use of the ISF to conceptualize and bolster the PSBA program's goal of assisting local prevention partners in the use of science-based approaches (SBA) to prevent teen pregnancy. PSBA uses all three systems of the ISF to facilitate practice improvements and offers valuable research opportunities to investigate factors related to dissemination and implementation processes across these systems. Describing our application of this framework highlights the feasibility of actively using the ISF to build prevention infrastructure and to guide large-scale prevention promotion strategies in the area of teen pregnancy prevention. The program's ongoing evaluation is presented as an example of early efforts to develop an evidence base around the ISF. Research implications are discussed. C1 [Lesesne, Catherine A.; Lewis, Kelly M.; White, Carla Poindexter; Green, Diane C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Duffy, Jennifer L.; Wandersman, Abraham] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lesesne, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CLesesne@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10464-008-9175-y PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 287DZ UT WOS:000254898400017 PM 18302017 ER PT J AU Mujahid, MS Roux, AVD Shen, MW Gowda, D Sanchez, B Shea, S Jacobs, DR Jackson, SA AF Mujahid, Mahasin S. Roux, Ana V. Diez Shen, Mingwu Gowda, Deepthiman Sanchez, Brisa Shea, Steven Jacobs, David R., Jr. Jackson, Sharon A. TI Relation between neighborhood environments and obesity in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; body mass index; obesity; residence characteristics; social environment ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; COLLECTIVE EFFICACY; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; PROPENSITY SCORES; UNITED-STATES; FOOD STORES; LIFE-STYLE AB This study investigated associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and body mass index in 2,865 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) aged 45-84 years and residing in Maryland, New York, and North Carolina. Neighborhood (census tract) environments were measured in non-MESA participants residing in MESA neighborhoods (2000-2002). The neighborhood physical environment score combined measures of a better walking environment and greater availability of healthy foods. The neighborhood social environment score combined measures of greater aesthetic quality, safety, and social cohesion and less violent crime. Marginal maximum likelihood was used to estimate associations between neighborhood environments and body mass index (kg/m(2)) before and after adjustment for individual-level covariates. MESA residents of neighborhoods with better physical environments had lower body mass index (mean difference per standard deviation higher neighborhood measure = -2.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): -3.38, -1.38) kg/m(2) for women and -1.20 (95% CI: -1.84, -0.57) kg/m(2) for men), independent of age, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Attenuation of these associations after adjustment for diet and physical activity suggests a mediating role of these behaviors. In men, the mean body mass index was higher in areas with better social environments (mean difference = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.97) kg/m(2)). Improvement in the neighborhood physical environment should be considered for its contribution to reducing obesity. C1 [Mujahid, Mahasin S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Landmark Ctr,Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Soc Progr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Roux, Ana V. Diez; Shen, Mingwu] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Roux, Ana V. Diez; Shen, Mingwu] Ctr Social Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gowda, Deepthiman; Shea, Steven] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Sanchez, Brisa] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shea, Steven] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Jacobs, David R., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Jacobs, David R., Jr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Jackson, Sharon A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mujahid, MS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Landmark Ctr,Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Soc Progr, Room 445-A,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mmujahid@hsph.harvard.edu RI shen, mingwu/B-2534-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95169, R01 HL071759, N01-HC-95159] NR 53 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 BP 1349 EP 1357 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn047 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305HO UT WOS:000256169100011 PM 18367469 ER PT J AU Albrecht, S Kuklina, E Jamieson, D Whiteman, M Kourtis, A Posner, S Callaghan, W AF Albrecht, S. Kuklina, E. Jamieson, D. Whiteman, M. Kourtis, A. Posner, S. Callaghan, W. TI Diabetes trends among delivery hospitalizations in the United States, 1994-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Albrecht, S.; Kuklina, E.; Jamieson, D.; Whiteman, M.; Kourtis, A.; Posner, S.; Callaghan, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200080 ER PT J AU Bansil, P Kourtis, AP Kahn, HS Posner, SP Jamieson, DJ AF Bansil, P. Kourtis, A. P. Kahn, H. S. Posner, S. P. Jamieson, D. J. TI Diabetes trends among hospitalized HIV-infected individuals in the United States, 1994-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Bansil, P.; Kourtis, A. P.; Kahn, H. S.; Posner, S. P.; Jamieson, D. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200365 ER PT J AU Cogswell, M Bitsko, R Anderka, M Caton, A Feldkamp, M Meyer, R Ramadhani, T Robbins, I Shaw, G Sherlock, SH Reefhuis, J AF Cogswell, M. Bitsko, R. Anderka, M. Caton, A. Feldkamp, M. Meyer, R. Ramadhani, T. Robbins, I. Shaw, G. Sherlock, S. H. Reefhuis, J. TI Does selection method affect representativeness of controls? National birth defects prevention study (NBDPS), 1997-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Cogswell, M.; Bitsko, R.; Anderka, M.; Caton, A.; Feldkamp, M.; Meyer, R.; Ramadhani, T.; Robbins, I.; Shaw, G.; Sherlock, S. H.; Reefhuis, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NBDPS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200440 ER PT J AU Correa, A Gilboa, SM Besser, LM Botto, LD Rasmussen, SA Waller, DK Cleves, M Hobbs, CA Riehle-Colarusso, T AF Correa, A. Gilboa, S. M. Besser, L. M. Botto, L. D. Rasmussen, S. A. Waller, D. K. Cleves, M. Hobbs, C. A. Riehle-Colarusso, T. CA NBDPS TI Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects: Results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), 1997-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Correa, A.; Gilboa, S. M.; Besser, L. M.; Botto, L. D.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Waller, D. K.; Cleves, M.; Hobbs, C. A.; Riehle-Colarusso, T.; NBDPS] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200214 ER PT J AU Correa, A Gilboa, SM Botto, LD Moore, CA Hobbs, CA Cleves, M Colarusso, T Waller, DK Reece, EA AF Correa, A. Gilboa, S. M. Botto, L. D. Moore, C. A. Hobbs, C. A. Cleves, M. Colarusso, T. Waller, D. K. Reece, E. A. CA NBDPS TI Does periconceptional use of vitamin supplements containing folic acid attenuate the risk for diabetes-associated birth defects? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Correa, A.; Gilboa, S. M.; Botto, L. D.; Moore, C. A.; Hobbs, C. A.; Cleves, M.; Colarusso, T.; Waller, D. K.; Reece, E. A.; NBDPS] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200216 ER PT J AU Davis, S Malarcher, A Barker, D Gable, J Mowery, P Giovino, G AF Davis, S. Malarcher, A. Barker, D. Gable, J. Mowery, P. Giovino, G. TI Predicting use of a health professional for cessation among US youth and young smokers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Davis, S.; Malarcher, A.; Barker, D.; Gable, J.; Mowery, P.; Giovino, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200027 ER PT J AU Hall, J Turbes, CA Beauchesne, D Kamalu, N AF Hall, J. Turbes, C. A. Beauchesne, D. Kamalu, N. TI Developing a community-based intervention to increase breast cancer screening and early detection among low-income, black women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Hall, J.; Turbes, C. A.; Beauchesne, D.; Kamalu, N.] CDC, Canc Prevent Div, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S125 EP S125 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200498 ER PT J AU Hein, MJ Deddens, JA Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Hein, M. J. Deddens, J. A. Schubauer-Berigan, M. K. TI Bias from matching on age at death or censor in nested case-control studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Hein, M. J.; Deddens, J. A.; Schubauer-Berigan, M. K.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200444 ER PT J AU Kucik, J Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Kucik, J. Alverson, C. J. Correa, A. TI Is prior pregnancy loss associated with an increased risk for birth defects? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Kucik, J.; Alverson, C. J.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200088 ER PT J AU Lacher, D Hughes, J Carroll, M Looker, A AF Lacher, D. Hughes, J. Carroll, M. Looker, A. TI Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and urine N-telopeptide levels in the US, NHANES 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Lacher, D.; Hughes, J.; Carroll, M.; Looker, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200208 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Hibert, EN Spiegelinan, D Rich-Edwards, JW AF Lawson, C. C. Whelan, E. A. Hibert, E. N. Spiegelinan, D. Rich-Edwards, J. W. TI Rotating shift work and menstrual cycle characteristics of nurses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Lawson, C. C.; Whelan, E. A.; Hibert, E. N.; Spiegelinan, D.; Rich-Edwards, J. W.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200109 ER PT J AU Leadbetter, S Richardson, L AF Leadbetter, S. Richardson, L. TI Hierarchical linear modeling versus contextual modeling: Surgical outcome factors, female breast cancer patients, Florida, 2000-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Leadbetter, S.; Richardson, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200454 ER PT J AU Lochner, KA Saydah, S AF Lochner, K. A. Saydah, S. TI Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes mortality in the US: 1990-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Lochner, K. A.; Saydah, S.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, DHHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S44 EP S44 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200177 ER PT J AU Lu, C Shin, M Siffel, C Kucik, JE Correa, A AF Lu, C. Shin, M. Siffel, C. Kucik, J. E. Correa, A. CA CAMPS Collaborative TI Survival in infants with spina bifida in ten regions of the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Lu, C.; Shin, M.; Siffel, C.; Kucik, J. E.; Correa, A.; CAMPS Collaborative] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200222 ER PT J AU Marano, C Brody, D Schober, S Zhang, C AF Marano, C. Brody, D. Schober, S. Zhang, C. TI Effects of in utero and home exposure to tobacco smoke on asthma in children 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Marano, C.; Brody, D.; Schober, S.; Zhang, C.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200414 ER PT J AU Robbins, CL Whiteman, M Hillis, S Curtis, K Marchbanks, P AF Robbins, C. L. Whiteman, M. Hillis, S. Curtis, K. Marchbanks, P. TI Lifetime ovulatory cycles and ovarian cancer survival - United States, 1980-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Robbins, C. L.; Whiteman, M.; Hillis, S.; Curtis, K.; Marchbanks, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S89 EP S89 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200353 ER PT J AU Ryskulova, A Klein, R AF Ryskulova, A. Klein, R. TI Disparities in eye care services use among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Ryskulova, A.; Klein, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200335 ER PT J AU Shin, M Kucik, JE Siffel, C Lu, C Correa, A AF Shin, M. Kucik, J. E. Siffel, C. Lu, C. Correa, A. CA CAMPS Collaborative TI Spina bifida prevalence among children in ten regions of the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Shin, M.; Kucik, J. E.; Siffel, C.; Lu, C.; Correa, A.; CAMPS Collaborative] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200221 ER PT J AU Tackett, JA Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Hibert, EN Grajewski, B Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, JW AF Tackett, J. A. Lawson, C. C. Whelan, E. A. Hibert, E. N. Grajewski, B. Spiegelman, D. Rich-Edwards, J. W. TI Occupational risk factors and low birthweight in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Tackett, J. A.; Lawson, C. C.; Whelan, E. A.; Hibert, E. N.; Grajewski, B.; Spiegelman, D.; Rich-Edwards, J. W.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200086 ER PT J AU Waltenburg, R Yesupriya, A Chang, MH Unger, E Gwinn, M Chanock, S Wang, S AF Waltenburg, R. Yesupriya, A. Chang, M-H Unger, E. Gwinn, M. Chanock, S. Wang, S. TI Evaluation of immune gene polymorphisms and human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) seropositivity in NHANES III SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Waltenburg, R.; Yesupriya, A.; Chang, M-H; Unger, E.; Gwinn, M.; Chanock, S.; Wang, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S81 EP S81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200323 ER PT J AU Yesupriya, A Yu, W Clyne, M Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Yesupriya, A. Yu, W. Clyne, M. Gwinn, M. Khoury, M. J. TI Trends in published meta-analysis of genetic associations, 2001-2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Yesupriya, A.; Yu, W.; Clyne, M.; Gwinn, M.; Khoury, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200202 ER PT J AU Ragan, P Schulte, J Alelson, SJ Jones, KT AF Ragan, Patricia Schulte, Joann Alelson, Stephen J. Jones, Ken T. TI Mortality surveillance - 2004 to 2005 Florida hurricane-related deaths SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; hurricane-related deaths; mortality surveillance; accidents; trauma ID DISASTER; ANDREW AB During 2004 and 2005, Florida was struck by 8 hurricanes, resulting in 213 deaths. The Department of Health and Florida medical examiners monitor hurricane mortality surveillance. This study analyzed hurricane-related deaths reported by the Florida Medical Examiners Commission for 2004 to 2005. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the Florida hurricane-related mortality for 2004 and 2005, (2) accurately characterize the hurricane-related deaths, and (3) identify strategies to prevent or reduce future hurricane deaths. For 2004, there were 144 total hurricane-related deaths. The majority (59%) occurred in the postimpact phase, with accidents accounting for 76% of deaths. Among these, over half were caused by trauma, followed by drowning, other injury, electrocution, and carbon monoxide poisoning. For 2005, there were 69 hurricane-related deaths. Sixty-one percent of deaths occurred in the postimpact phase, with accidents accounting for 86% of all deaths. Among these, over half were due to trauma, with drowning and carbon monoxide poisoning being the other major contributors. Most hurricane-related deaths are due to unintentional injury and therefore, preventable. Seventy-nine percent of deaths are in those aged 40 and older. Prevention messages should target high-risk, postimpact activities, especially in older adults. C1 [Ragan, Patricia; Jones, Ken T.] Florida Epidem Intelligence Serv, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Ragan, Patricia; Jones, Ken T.] Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Off Vital Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Schulte, Joann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Law Enforcement, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Ragan, P (reprint author), Florida Epidem Intelligence Serv, Bur Epidemiol, 4052 Bald Cypress Way,Bin A12, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM patricia_ragan@doh.state.fl.us NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318175dd5e PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 306QH UT WOS:000256262400011 PM 18520483 ER PT J AU Horan, TC Andrus, M Dudeck, MA AF Horan, Teresa C. Andrus, Mary Dudeck, Margaret A. TI CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 [Horan, Teresa C.; Andrus, Mary; Dudeck, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Healthcare Safety Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horan, TC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Healthcare Safety Network, Mailstop A24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thoran@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2149 Z9 2233 U1 4 U2 45 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 309 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 310NA UT WOS:000256535100001 PM 18538699 ER PT J AU Kallen, A Jhung, M Cheng, S Hess, T Turabelidze, G Abramova, L Arduino, M Guarner, J Pollack, B Saab, G Patel, PR AF Kallen, AlexanderJ. Jhung, MichaelA. Cheng, Steven Hess, Theresa Turabelidze, George Abramova, Liana Arduino, Matthew Guarner, Jeannette Pollack, Brian Saab, Georges Patel, Priti R. TI Gadolinium-containing magnetic resonance imaging contrast and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: A case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Kidney Fdn DE nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; gadolinium; end-stage renal disease ID DERMOPATHY; GADODIAMIDE; HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYSIS; THERAPY; SAFETY; TISSUE; AGENT AB Background: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a. newly described disorder occurring in persons with renal failure. Gadolinium-based contrast used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been suggested as a cause. A cluster of patients with NSF was investigated to identify risk factors. Limited preliminary findings from this investigation were presented in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Study Design: Matched case-control. Setting & Participants: Dialysis patients with and without a diagnosis of NSF treated at an academic medical center. Predictor: Exposure to gadolinium-based contrast. Outcomes & Measurements: Laboratory and clinical characteristics of NSF. Results: 19 of 28 cases identified at the hospital from December 2002 to August 2006 met inclusion criteria and were matched to 57 controls. In univariate analysis, receipt of gadolinium-containing MRI contrast in the preceding year (odds ratio [OR], 7.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.22 to 28.8) was associated with NSF; the measure of association increased as cumulative dose increased. Gadodiamide exposure (OR, 9.83; 95% confidence interval, 2.09 to 46.2) was associated more strongly with NSF than gadoversetamide (OR, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 10.2). Although not statistically significant, cases were more likely than controls to have undergone primarily peritoneal dialysis in the preceding 6 months. There was no significant difference in receipt of high-dose recombinant erythropoietin between cases and controls. In multivariable analysis, gadolinium contrast exposure (OR, 8.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 63.0) remained significantly associated with NSF. Limitations: Retrospective design, small sample size, inability to completely evaluate erythropoietin. Conclusions: Receipt of gadolinium-containing MRI contrast is associated with NSF in a dose-dependent manner. The risk associated with gadolinium may differ by contrast agent and dialysis modality. Use of gadolinium-based contrast agents should be avoided when possible in patients with renal failure. C1 [Kallen, AlexanderJ.; Jhung, MichaelA.; Hess, Theresa; Arduino, Matthew; Patel, Priti R.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kallen, AlexanderJ.; Jhung, MichaelA.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cheng, Steven] Washington Univ, Div Nephrol, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Turabelidze, George] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, St Louis, MO USA. [Abramova, Liana] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Dermatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Guarner, Jeannette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pollack, Brian] Emory Univ, Div Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Saab, Georges] Univ Missouri, Div Nephrol, Columbia, MO USA. RP Kallen, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akallen@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X; NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 966 EP 975 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.036 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 310SY UT WOS:000256551700013 PM 18501784 ER PT J AU Hart, AM Patti, A Noggle, B Haller-Stevenson, E Hines, LB AF Hart, Ann Marie Patti, Alison Noggle, Brendan Haller-Stevenson, Erica Hines, Lisa B. TI Acute respiratory infections and antimicrobial resistance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article ID APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC USE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; A STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS; JUDICIOUS USE; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; UNITED-STATES; COMMON COLD; SORE THROAT; RHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS; ACUTE SINUSITIS AB Overview: Antimicrobial resistance: many nurses are aware of the risk but may not know that inappropriate management of acute respiratory infection contributes to it significantly. For example, more than half of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections are unwarranted because viruses are the cause. It is important that nurses 3 understand antimicrobial resistance and learn how to help patients, family members, and friends manage acute respiratory infections appropriately. C1 [Hart, Ann Marie] Univ Wyoming, Fay W Whitney Sch Nursing, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Noggle, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Haller-Stevenson, Erica] San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hines, Lisa B.] CDC, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hart, AM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Fay W Whitney Sch Nursing, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annmhart@uwyo.edu NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 108 IS 6 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 309KA UT WOS:000256458000018 PM 18535448 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Chu, SY Kim, SY Schmid, CH Lau, J AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Chu, Susan Y. Kim, Shin Y. Schmid, Christopher H. Lau, Joseph TI Maternal obesity and risk of neural tube defects: a metaanalysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anencephaly; metaanalysis; neural tube defect; obesity; spina bifida ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; OPEN SPINA-BIFIDA; BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; PREPREGNANCY OBESITY; AFFECTED PREGNANCIES AB We conducted a metaanalysis of published evidence on the relationship between maternal obesity and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Eligible studies were identified from 3 sources: (1) PubMed search of articles that were published from January 1980 through January 2007, (2) reference lists of publications that were selected from the PubMed search, and (3) reference lists of review articles on obesity and maternal outcomes that were published from January 2000 through January 2007. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. A Bayesian random effects model was used for the metaanalysis and metaregression. Unadjusted odds ratios for an NTD-affected pregnancy were 1.22 (95% CI, 0.99-1.49), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.34-2.15), and 3.11 (95% CI, 1.75-5.46) among overweight, obese, and severely obese women, respectively, compared with normal-weight women. None of the study characteristics included in the metaregression analysis affected the results significantly. Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. C1 [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chu, Susan Y.; Kim, Shin Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schmid, Christopher H.; Lau, Joseph] Tufts Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res, Boston, MA USA. [Schmid, Christopher H.; Lau, Joseph] Tufts Med Ctr, Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 90 TC 149 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 11 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 198 IS 6 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.021 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 309FM UT WOS:000256446100001 PM 18538144 ER PT J AU Rouphael, NG O'Donnell, JA Bhatnagar, J Lewis, F Polgreen, PM Beekmann, S Guarner, J Killgore, GE Coffman, B Campbell, J Zaki, SR McDonald, LC AF Rouphael, Nadine G. O'Donnell, Judith A. Bhatnagar, Julu Lewis, Felicia Polgreen, Philip M. Beekmann, Susan Guarner, Jeannette Killgore, George E. Coffman, Becky Campbell, Jennifer Zaki, Sherif R. McDonald, L. Clifford TI Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: an emerging threat to pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case series; Clostridium difficile; pregnancy; survey ID PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; DISEASE; TOXIN; STRAIN; METRONIDAZOLE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate if Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is increasing in peripartum women. STUDY DESIGN: Peripartum CDAD was assessed through 1) passive surveillance collecting clinical and pathology data on severe cases and 2) survey among infectious disease consultants (ICDs) in the Emerging Infections Network. RESULTS: Ten severe cases were collected; most had associated antibiotic use. Seven women were either admitted to the ICU or underwent colectomy. Three infants were stillborn, and 3 women died. The epidemic Clostridium difficile strain was found in 2 cases. Among 798 ICDs, 419 (52%) participated in the survey. Thirty-seven respondents (9%) recalled 55 cases, mostly in the postpartum period with 21 complications, mainly due to relapse. CONCLUSION: Severe CDAD may be increasing in peripartum women. Clinicians should have a low threshold for testing, be aware of the potential for severe outcomes, and take steps to reduce both the risk of disease and resultant complications. C1 [Rouphael, Nadine G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bhatnagar, Julu; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lewis, Felicia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Field Assignments Branch, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Killgore, George E.; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [O'Donnell, Judith A.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Campbell, Jennifer] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Polgreen, Philip M.; Beekmann, Susan] Amer Emerging Infect Network, Infect Dis Soc, Iowa City, IA USA. [Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Coffman, Becky] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Lewis, Felicia] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonaldl@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 198 IS 6 AR 635.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.01.062 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 309FM UT WOS:000256446100008 PM 18395693 ER PT J AU Lorick, SA Wortley, PM Lindley, MC Bardenheier, BH Euler, GL AF Lorick, Suchita A. Wortley, Pascale M. Lindley, Megan C. Bardenheier, Barbara H. Euler, Gary L. TI US healthcare personnel and influenza vaccination during the 2004-2005 vaccine shortage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LONG-TERM-CARE; IMMUNIZATION RATES; HOUSE STAFF; WORKERS; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB Background: Healthcare personnel with direct patient contact were prioritized for influenza vaccination during the 2004-2005 vaccine shortage. Data about vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel during vaccine shortages are limited. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2005 data were analyzed in 2007 for a sample of healthcare facility workers (HCFW) aged 18-64 with (n=3456) and without (n=1153) direct patient contact and non-HCFWs (n=39,405). Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination among HCFWs and to compare HCFWs with non-HCFWs with regard to the main reason for nonvaccination during the shortage. Results: Vaccination coverage was 37% (SE +/- 3.1) among HCFWs with direct patient contact and 25% (SE +/- 5.7) among those without. In multivariate analysis, coverage was higher among HCFWs who were older, more educated, and with higher incomes and better access to health care. The reason most commonly reported by HCFWs and non-HCFWs for nonvaccination was the belief that they did not need vaccination (35% versus 40%, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusions: Even in a time of influenza-vaccine shortage, when most healthcare personnel were targeted for vaccination, their uptake of the vaccine remained suboptimal. Continued efforts are needed to develop effective interventions to improve the use of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers. C1 [Lorick, Suchita A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lorick, Suchita A.] CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lorick, SA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SLorick@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.031 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305HS UT WOS:000256169500001 PM 18471580 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Shaw, KM Stokley, SK AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Shaw, Kate M. Stokley, Shannon K. TI Compliance with vaccination recommendations for US children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS; TIMELINESS; AGE; SURVEILLANCE; COVERAGE; DELIVERY; INFANTS; DELAY AB Background: Official recommendations for the routine vaccination of U.S. children, made by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), specify the vaccines for administration, the number of doses that should be given, the age ranges for administration, the minimum ages at which doses are considered valid, the minimum intervals between doses within a series, and several additional vaccine-specific adjustments and exceptions. Federally reported estimates of vaccination coverage measure only compliance with the required number of doses; other recommendations are not routinely evaluated. Methods: Analysis of vaccination histories for 17,563 U.S. children aged 19-35 months from the 2005 National Immunization Survey. Main Outcome Measures: Compliance with, and incremental impact of, each vaccination recommendation. Results: Estimated coverage was 72% for the standard vaccination series accounting for all recommendations, 9 percentage points lower than coverage based solely on counting doses. Overall, 19% of children were missing one or more doses, while 8% had received an invalid dose, and 9% were affected by other recommendations. The proportion of noncompliance due to missed doses versus other recommendations varied by state and by antigen. Conclusions: Approximately 28% of children were not in compliance with the official vaccination recommendations. Missed doses accounted for approximately two thirds of noncompliance, with the remainder due to mis-timed doses and other requirements. Measuring compliance with all ACIP recommendations provides a valuable tool to assess and improve the quality of healthcare delivery and ensure that children and communities are optimally protected from vaccine-preventable diseases. C1 [Luman, Elizabeth T.; Stokley, Shannon K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shaw, Kate M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.033 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305HS UT WOS:000256169500002 PM 18471581 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, AKS Dietz, PM Galavotti, C England, LJ AF Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert Dietz, Patricia M. Galavotti, Christine England, Lucinda J. TI Weight-management interventions for pregnant or postpartum women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; OBESE WOMEN; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FOLLOW-UP; GAIN; RETENTION; EXERCISE; FITNESS AB Background: A review of randomized controlled trials of weight-management interventions for pregnant or postpartum women was conducted to assess whether effective weight-management interventions exist for this population. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and CINAHL databases were searched, as well as the reference lists of relevant publications. English-language articles published between January 1985 and August 2007 that used a randomized controlled trial study design and incorporated a weight-related outcome measure were reviewed. All potentially relevant articles were reviewed separately, and final selections were based on consensus reached through discussion. Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria, one conducted among pregnant women and two among postpartum women. The interventions addressed modifications in diet and exercise and included individual or group-counseling sessions combined with written and telephone correspondence or food and exercise diaries. In two studies, the weight-related outcome was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group. The third study found a significant interaction between weight category and intervention group. In all studies, the refusal or attrition rates were high. Conclusions: While these studies indicate that interventions can help pregnant and postpartum women manage their weight, many questions remain unanswered. Several research gaps for weight-management interventions in this important population have been identified. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.; Galavotti, Christine; England, Lucinda J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert] Axiom Res Management, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pdietz@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305HS UT WOS:000256169500011 PM 18471590 ER PT J AU Asbury, LD Wong, FL Price, SM Nolin, MJ AF Asbury, Lori D. Wong, Faye L. Price, Simani M. Nolin, Mary Jo TI The VERB (TM) campaign - Applying a branding strategy in public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A branding strategy was an integral component of the VERB (TM) Youth Media Campaign. Branding has a long history in commercial marketing, and recently it has also been applied to public health campaigns. This article describes the process that the CDC undertook to develop a physical activity brand that would resonate with children aged 9-13 years (tweens), to launch an unknown brand nationally, to build the brand's equity, and to protect and maintain the brand's integrity. Considerations for branding other public health campaigns are also discussed. C1 [Wong, Faye L.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Price, Simani M.; Nolin, Mary Jo] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Wong, FL (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fwong@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S183 EP S187 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500004 PM 18471598 ER PT J AU Banspach, SW AF Banspach, Stephen W. TI The VERB (TM) campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Banspach, SW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SBanspach@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S275 EP S275 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.016 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500014 PM 18471608 ER PT J AU Bauman, A Bowles, HR Huhman, M Heitzler, CD Owen, N Smith, BJ Reger-Nash, B AF Bauman, Adrian Bowles, Heather R. Huhman, Marian Heitzler, Carrie D. Owen, Neville Smith, Ben J. Reger-Nash, Bill TI Testing a hierarchy-of-effects model - Pathways from awareness to outcomes in the VERB (TM) campaign 2002-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGNS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY; WALKING; IMPACT AB Background: The McGuire hierarchy-of-effects (HOE) model, used extensively in mass-media interventions to describe the mechanisms for understanding effects, has not been tested in physical activity campaigns. Design: Data collected at baseline (2002) and follow-up (2003) surveys in the VERB (TM) evaluation were used in structural equation modeling to test pathways and hierarchies of campaign effects. Setting/participants: Population-based cohort of youth aged 9-13 years (N = 2364) for whom complete baseline and follow-up data were available. Main outcome measures: Awareness of the VERB campaign, understanding of the VERB message, attitude toward being active, outcome expectations, and physical activity participation. Results: Among youth aged 9-13 years (tweens) in the study cohort, significant paths were identified between awareness and understanding (0.72, p < 0.001) and between understanding and being physically active (0.1.1, p < 0.05). At baseline there was a high prevalence of positive attitudes and outcome expectations, and these were not influenced by change in understanding or awareness. Among inactive tweens only, the same paths were identified except that, in this subgroup, attitude was related to physical activity (0.13, p < 0.05), and awareness was more strongly related to physical activity than it was for the whole sample (0.14, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings provided limited support for the HOE model and suggest that increased awareness and understanding were the key proximal effects that led to behavior change. A distinct sequence of effects, which bypassed attitudes and outcome expectations, was found for these U.S. young people. The findings could inform the design of future campaigns to address youth physical activity. C1 [Bauman, Adrian; Bowles, Heather R.; Smith, Ben J.] Univ Sydney, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Huhman, Marian] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Heitzler, Carrie D.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Owen, Neville] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Reger-Nash, Bill] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Sch Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Bauman, A (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Bldg K25,Level 2 Med Fdn Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM adrianb@health.usyd.edu.au RI Owen, Neville/F-8329-2010; OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0002-6227-5566; Owen, Neville/0000-0003-2784-4820 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S249 EP S256 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.015 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500011 PM 18471605 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, JM Huhman, M Nolin, MJ AF Berkowitz, Judy M. Huhman, Marian Nolin, Mary Jo TI Did augmenting the VERB (TM) campaign advertising in select communities have an effect on awareness, attitudes, and physical activity? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFFECT SMOKING-BEHAVIOR; MEDIA CAMPAIGN; YOUTH; TRUTH; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; SCHOOL AB Background: Although VERB (TM) was designed as a national media campaign, funding and donated media time enabled more-intensive advertising and marketing in certain communities. To investigate the effect of increased advertising on physical activity outcomes, six "high-dose" communities were selected to receive more hours of advertising and additional promotional activities. Design: Longitudinal quasi-experimental design comparing outcomes in six communities that received additional VERB marketing activities with outcomes in a comparison group that received only the national dose of advertising. Setting/participants: Two cohorts of dyads of youth aged 9-13 years (tweens) and one parent at baseline (2002), followed for 2 years. Intervention: During the first year of the VERB campaign, each of the six high-dose communities received 50% more advertising and conducted special campaign activities. During the second year, only four of the six communities received the larger dose of advertising and additional promotional activities because of reduced funding. Main outcome measures: Awareness and understanding of VERB messages; attitudes about physical activity (self- efficacy, social influences, and outcome expectations); and physical activity behaviors. Results: After I year, tweens in the high-dose communities reported higher levels of awareness and understanding of VERB and scored higher on the social influences scale than did tweens in a comparison group in areas that received only the national dose of advertising. After 2 years, tweens in the high-dose communities reported higher awareness and understanding of VERB, greater self-efficacy, more sessions of free-time physical activity per week, and were more active on the day before being surveyed than tweens in the comparison group who received the average national dose. Conclusions: Providing communities with a higher dose of marketing activities and sustaining those activities over time yields more positive outcomes. C1 [Berkowitz, Judy M.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nolin, Mary Jo] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Berkowitz, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jberkowitz@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S257 EP S266 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.005 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500012 PM 18471606 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, JM Huhman, M Heitzler, CD Potter, LD Nolin, MJ Banspach, SW AF Berkowitz, Judy M. Huhman, Marian Heitzler, Carrie D. Potter, Lance D. Nolin, Mary Jo Banspach, Stephen W. TI Overview of formative, process, and outcome evaluation methods used in the VERB (TM) campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDIA CAMPAIGNS; BEHAVIOR AB Evaluation was an integral part of the VERB (TM) campaign. This paper describes the array of evaluation methods used to support the development, implementation, and assessment of campaign activities. The evaluation of VERB consisted of formative, process, and outcome evaluations and involved both qualitative and quantitative methods. Formative evaluation allowed staff to test ideas for messages and to gauge their appropriateness for the intended audiences. Process evaluation allowed staff to test and monitor the fidelity of the campaign's implementation to objectives and to make changes while the campaign was under way. Outcome evaluation allowed staff to determine the campaign's effects on the target audience. Because a comprehensive approach was used, which included formative and process evaluation, the VERB team's ability to interpret the results of the outcome evaluation was enhanced. C1 [Berkowitz, Judy M.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Heitzler, Carrie D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Potter, Lance D.; Nolin, Mary Jo] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Berkowitz, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBerkowitz@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S222 EP S229 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500008 PM 18471602 ER PT J AU Bretthauer-Mueller, R Berkowitz, JM Thomas, M McCarthy, S Green, LA Melancon, H Courtney, AH Bryant, CA Dodge, K AF Bretthauer-Mueller, Rosemary Berkowitz, Judy M. Thomas, Melonie McCarthy, Susan Green, Lula Anna Melancon, Heidi Courtney, Anita H. Bryant, Carol A. Dodge, Kristin TI Catalyzing community action within a national campaign - VERB (TM) community and national partnerships SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MASS-MEDIA; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDREN AB The VERB (TM) campaign used a social marketing approach to deliver its message through the mass media, school and community promotions, and partnerships to encourage children aged 9-13 years (tweens) to be physically active everyday. This paper presents the VERB campaign's community and national partnership strategy, highlights three successful partnerships, and discusses challenges associated with the efforts. The national advertising generated awareness of and affinity for the product's brand and motivated the primary audience to seek out the product. The campaign's national and community partners were engaged to facilitate a product-distribution channel. The campaign developed a three-pronged partnership strategy to integrate the promotion with the placement of the campaign's product (physical activity): (1) reframe the way physical activity is positioned and delivered; (2) connect the brand to the point-of-purchase; and (3) refer (or drive) the audience to the action outlets, opportunities, places, spaces and programs to purchase the product. The VERB campaign provided partners with marketing training and resources to assist them as they leveraged tweens' brand awareness and supported regular physical activity among tweens. The method of technical assistance and the types of marketing tools were provided in relationship to four characteristics of the partner: (1) partner's network, (2) leaders and champions in the network, (3) partner's financial resources for community campaigns; and (4) partner's understanding of the marketing mindset. Coordinated, collaborative, and strong mass-media and community-based interventions within a national social marketing campaign can sustain the immediate effects of such campaigns. C1 [Bretthauer-Mueller, Rosemary] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Melancon, Heidi] Natl Recreat & Pk Assoc, Ashburn, VA USA. [Courtney, Anita H.; Bryant, Carol A.] Univ S Florida, Florida Prevent Res Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. [Dodge, Kristin] Weld Cty Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Greeley, CO USA. RP Bretthauer-Mueller, R (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rbretthauer-mueller@cdc.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1-U48-DP-000062]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU415803-05] NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S210 EP S221 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.011 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500007 PM 18471601 ER PT J AU Collins, JL Wechsler, H AF Collins, Janet L. Wechsler, Howell TI The VERB (TM) campaign - Foreword SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Collins, Janet L.; Wechsler, Howell] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, JL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlc1@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S172 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.014 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500001 PM 18471595 ER PT J AU Huhman, M Berkowitz, JM Wong, FL Prosper, E Gray, M Prince, D Yuen, J AF Huhman, Marian Berkowitz, Judy M. Wong, Faye L. Prosper, Erika Gray, Michael Prince, David Yuen, Jeannie TI The VERB (TM) campaign's strategy for reaching African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian children and parents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OVERWEIGHT AB The VERB (TM) campaign promoted physical activity to U.S. children aged 9-13 years (tweens) by surrounding them with appealing messages that were associated with the VERB brand and tag line It's what you do! To maximize the impact of the campaign, VERB had a two-level strategy for its marketing. One level was designed to reach a general audience of tweens (i.e., most tweens who use mainstream media). The second level was designed specifically to reach four racial or ethnic audiences: African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians as an augmentation to the first level. This article focuses on VERB's market segmentation strategy and reports how messages for the general audience were adapted to reach specific racial or ethnic segments of the U.S. population. Findings are reported from qualitative studies conducted with tweens and the parents of tweens from these ethnic groups, and the marketing strategies used to reach each ethnic group and the results of evaluations of those strategies are also described. C1 [Huhman, Marian] CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Prosper, Erika] Garcia 360, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gray, Michael] G&G Advertising, Billings, MT USA. [Prince, David] PFI Mkt, New York, NY USA. [Yuen, Jeannie] APartnership, New York, NY USA. RP Huhman, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mhuhman@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S194 EP S209 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.012 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500006 PM 18471600 ER PT J AU Huhman, M Bauman, A Bowles, HR AF Huhman, Marian Bauman, Adrian Bowles, Heather R. TI Initial outcomes of the VERB (TM) campaign - Tweens' awareness and understanding of campaign messages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDREN; MEDIA; COMMUNICATION; CANADA; MOVE AB Background: Assessing the immediate effects of mass-media campaigns provides early evidence of campaign reach into the defined target populations. Assessing these effects early in a multi-year campaign allows for better message targeting in subsequent years. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a population cohort. Data were collected annually; this paper reports on 1-year outcome data following a mass-media-led intervention to increase physical activity among children aged 9-13 years. The groups initially reached by the campaign and those that understood the campaign messages were identified. Analysis was carried out using logistic regression. Participants: Nationally representative cohort of 2729 children aged 9-13 years (tweens). Intervention: National mass-communications campaign (VERB (TM)) from June 2002 to June 2003, using television, print, and radio as the primary communication channels. In addition, there were promotions in communities, in schools, and on the Internet. Main outcome measures: Prompted and unprompted awareness of the VERB campaign and understanding of the key campaign message. Results: After I year, tweens' unprompted awareness of VERB was 17.3%; prompted awareness was 57%; 25.6% had no awareness of VERB. Prompted awareness did not differ by child's age, gender, or ethnicity but was associated with being from a middle- or high-income household, having a parent who was a college graduate, and being active on 7 or more days the previous week. Unprompted awareness was significantly associated with being a girl, being aged 12-14 years, being white, being from a moderate- or high-income household, having a parent with a college degree, and doing 7 or more sessions of physical activity during the week before the survey. The variables associated with high levels of understanding of the campaign message were similar to those for campaign awareness, except there were no differences in campaign understanding by age, and a significant association was found between campaign understanding and parental approval of physical activity. Conclusions: Measuring initial campaign impact identified the magnitude of immediate effects on population target groups achieved through a mass-media campaign. Campaign planners used the information to develop new messages and adjust media purchases in subsequent years of the VERB campaign. C1 [Huhman, Marian] CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bauman, Adrian; Bowles, Heather R.] Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Huhman, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mhuhman@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S241 EP S248 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500010 PM 18471604 ER PT J AU Potter, LD Judkins, DR Piesse, A Nolin, MJ Huhman, M AF Potter, Lance D. Judkins, David R. Piesse, Andrea Nolin, Mary Jo Huhman, Marian TI Methodology of the outcome evaluation of the VERB (TM) campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROPENSITY SCORE METHODOLOGY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; CHILDREN AB This article summarizes the methods used in the outcome evaluation of the VERB (TM) campaign. The outcome evaluation was designed to measure the awareness and understanding of VERB among the target audience of children aged 9-13 years (tweens) and to determine the effect of VERB awareness on psychosocial. and behavioral outcomes. Cohorts of tweens and parents were inter-viewed annually via a telephone survey (Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey). The first cohort (baseline) was surveyed in 2002 prior to VERB advertising and was repeated annually through 2006. A second cohort was surveyed in 2004-2006. A third, cross-sectional sample was surveyed in 2006. Each cohort consisted of a nationally representative sample of tweens to enable generalizability to the nation as a whole. Propensity scoring was used to control for confounding influences. The outcomes were analyzed for dose-response effects (i.e., whether higher levels of awareness led to stronger effects) and overall awareness effects (i.e., the difference between tweens unaware of VERB and all tweens in the U.S.). Secular trends in tweens' physical activity during the life of the campaign were also examined. This article also discusses weighting and imputation, alternative analyses used to assess the adequacy of the propensity methods, and the challenges involved in media campaign evaluations. C1 [Potter, Lance D.; Judkins, David R.; Piesse, Andrea; Nolin, Mary Jo] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Huhman, Marian] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, LD (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM LancePotter@westat.com NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S230 EP S240 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.007 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500009 PM 18471603 ER PT J AU Price, SM Huhman, M Potter, LD AF Price, Simani M. Huhman, Marian Potter, Lance D. TI Influencing the parents of children aged 9-13 years - Findings from the VERB (TM) campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL SAMPLE; TELEVISION; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; SOCIALIZATION; DETERMINANTS; PATTERNS; FAMILIES; ALCOHOL AB Background: The CDC's VERB (TM) campaign was designed to increase physical activity among children aged 9-13 years (tweens). As part of the strategy to surround tweens with support to be physically active, VERB developed messages for parents, the secondary target audience, to encourage them to support their tween's physical activity. Design: Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether parent awareness of VERB was a significant predictor of seven factors that related to parental attitudes, beliefs, and supportive behaviors for tweens' physical activity using the Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey (YMCLS). Setting/participants: Parents (N = 1946) of U.S. children aged 9-13 years. Intervention: Advertising directed at tweens through paid television, radio, print, Internet, and schools was the primary VERB intervention; tween advertising could have been also seen by parents. Messages directed at parents encouraging their support of tweens' physical activity were delivered in English through mainly print and radio. In-language messages for Latino and Asian audiences were delivered through print, radio, television, and at events. Main outcome measures: Parents' awareness of VERB; parents' attitudes, beliefs, and support for their tweens' physical activities. Results: Awareness increased each year of the campaign; more than 50% of parents were aware of VERB by the third year of the campaign. Parents reported that their main source of awareness was television, the main channel used to reach tweens. Awareness of VERB was predictive of positive attitudes about physical activity for all children, belief in the importance of physical activity for their own child, and the number of days parents were physically active with their child. Conclusions: Parents' awareness of VERB was associated with positive attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. Parents' awareness probably resulted from a combination of messages directed to parents and tweens. To maximize audience reach, social marketers who are developing health messages should consider the potential value of parents and their children seeing or hearing the same messages, separately or together. C1 [Price, Simani M.; Potter, Lance D.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Huhman, Marian] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Price, SM (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM simaniprice@westat.com NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S267 EP S274 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.004 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500013 PM 18471607 ER PT J AU Wong, FL Greenwell, M Gates, S Berkowitz, JM AF Wong, Faye L. Greenwell, Michael Gates, Suzanne Berkowitz, Judy M. TI It's what you do! Reflections on the VERB (TM) campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDREN AB This article shares the first-hand experiences of the CDC's VERB (TM) team in planning, executing, and evaluating a campaign that used social marketing principles, which involved paid media advertising, promotions, and national and community partnerships to increase physical activity among children aged 9-13 years (tweens). VERB staff gained valuable experience in applying commercial marketing techniques to a public health issue. This article describes how marketing, partnership, and evaluation activities were implemented to reach a tween audience. In doing so, fundamental differences in marketing between public health and the private sector were revealed. C1 [Wong, Faye L.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gates, Suzanne] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Greenwell, Michael] Fleishman Hillard Int Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wong, FL (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fwong@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 SU S BP S175 EP S182 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.003 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 305MC UT WOS:000256181500003 PM 18471597 ER PT J AU Tao, GY AF Tao, Guoyu TI Sexual orientation and related viral sexually, transmitted disease rates among US women aged SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB I used data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth to measure sexual orientation and viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates among US women aged 15 to 44 years. Sexual behavior and sexual identity data indicated that 1.3% to 1.9% of the women were lesbians and 3.1% to 4.8% were bisexual. Self-reported viral STD rates were significantly higher among bisexual women (15.0% to 17.2%) than among lesbians (2.3% to 6.7%). These findings support the need for STD prevention interventions that consider lesbians and bisexual women separately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1009 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.112011 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100012 PM 18445803 ER PT J AU Jones, KT Gray, P Whiteside, YO Wang, T Bost, D Dunbar, E Foust, E Johnson, WD AF Jones, Kenneth T. Gray, Phyllis Whiteside, Y. Omar Wang, Terry Bost, Debra Dunbar, Erica Foust, Evelyn Johnson, Wayne D. TI Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention adapted for Black men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; FACE-TO-FACE; YOUNG MEN; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; RISK REDUCTION; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; OPINION LEADERS; PEER EDUCATION; US CITIES AB Objectives. We assessed the efficacy of an HIV behavioral intervention adapted for Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We conducted serial cross-sectional surveys, 1 baseline measurement followed by initiation of an intervention and 3 follow-up measurements, among Black MSM in 3 North Carolina cities over 1 year. Results. We observed significant decreases in unprotected receptive anal intercourse at 4 months (by 23.8%, n = 287) and 8 months (by 24.7%, n = 299), and in unprotected insertive anal intercourse (by 35.2%), unprotected receptive anal intercourse (by 44.1%), and any unprotected anal intercourse (by 31.8%) at 12 months (n=268). Additionally, at 12 months, the mean number of partners for unprotected receptive anal intercourse decreased by 40.5%. The mean number of episodes decreased by 53.0% for unprotected insertive anal intercourse, and by 56.8% for unprotected receptive anal intercourse. The percentage of respondents reporting always using condoms for insertive and receptive anal intercourse increased by 23.0% and 30.3%, respectively. Conclusions. Adapting previously proven interventions designed for other MSM can significantly reduce HIV risk behaviors of Black MSM. C1 [Jones, Kenneth T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gray, Phyllis; Bost, Debra; Foust, Evelyn] N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Whiteside, Y. Omar] Metrolina AIDS Project, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Jones, KT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjones4@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU423507-02] NR 52 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1050 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120337 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100019 PM 18445795 ER PT J AU Goodenow, C Szalacha, LA Robin, LE Westheimer, K AF Goodenow, Carol Szalacha, Laura A. Robin, Leah E. Westheimer, Kim TI Dimensions of sexual orientation and HIV-related risk among adolescent females: Evidence from a statewide survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; BISEXUAL WOMEN; ABUSE HISTORY; DRUG-USE; BEHAVIORS; TRANSMISSION; IDENTITY; GAY; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We examined the relationship of 2 dimensions of sexual orientation-sexual identity and sex of partners-with self-reported behaviors and experiences to identify factors that may place adolescent females at risk of HIV/AIDS. Methods. We gathered data on sexually experienced female high school students from 4 waves of a population-based survey. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between their sexual identity (3666 heterosexual; 184 lesbian, gay, or bisexual; 113 not sure) and sex of partners (3714 male only, 79 female only, and 180 both males and females) with HIV-related risk behaviors. Results. Self-defined sexual identity was often inconsistent with sex of sexual partners. Sexual identities other than heterosexual and having same-sex partners (either exclusively or in addition to male partners) were associated with high rates of several HIV-related risk behaviors. Coerced sexual contact was significantly associated with every risk outcome. AIDS education in school predicted lower HIV risk on 4 of 6 indicators. Conclusions. Programs to prevent HIV infection among adolescent females should take into account the complexity of sexual orientation and should address the needs and behaviors of sexual-minority youths. C1 [Goodenow, Carol] Massachusetts Dept Educ, Malden, MA 02114 USA. [Szalacha, Laura A.] Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Chicago, IL USA. [Robin, Leah E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goodenow, C (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Educ, 350 Main St, Malden, MA 02114 USA. EM cgoodenow@earthlink.net FU PHS HHS [CCU122623] NR 48 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1051 EP 1058 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.080531 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100020 PM 18445809 ER PT J AU Marks, SM Murrill, C Sanchez, T Liu, KL Finlayson, T Guilin, V AF Marks, Suzanne M. Murrill, Chris Sanchez, Travis Liu, Kai-lih Finlayson, Teresa Guilin, Vincent TI Self-reported tuberculosis disease and tuberculin skin testing in the New York City House Ballroom community SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; RISK BEHAVIORS; MEN; SEX; INFECTION; CARE AB Objectives. We sought to describe the history of tuberculosis disease and tuberculin skin testing among the New York City House Ballroom community a social network of diverse sexual and gender identities or expressions.. Methods. Members of the House Ballroom community were convenience sampled, surveyed, and tested for HIV in 2004. We identified characteristics associated with history of tuberculosis, tuberculin skin testing, and test positivity and described the timing of skin testing. Results. Of 504 participants, 1.4% (n=7) reported a history of tuberculosis and 81.1% (n = 404 of 498) had received a tuberculin skin test. Of those tested, 16 (4%) had positive results, which indicated latent infection, and 68% had received a test in the 2 years prior to the survey. Participants with health insurance were more likely and those with little education were less likely to have received a skin test. HIV-infected participants (16%) were not more likely to have received a tuberculin skin test compared with non-HIV-infected individuals. Foreign-born participants and self-identified heterosexuals and bisexuals were more likely to have had positive skin tests. Conclusions. Self-reported history of tuberculosis was high among the House Ballroom community. Although many community members had a recent skin test,further efforts should target services to those who are HIV infected, have low education, lack health insurance, or are foreign born. C1 [Marks, Suzanne M.; Sanchez, Travis; Finlayson, Teresa] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marks, Suzanne M.; Sanchez, Travis; Finlayson, Teresa] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Murrill, Chris; Liu, Kai-lih] City New York Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Guilin, Vincent] Gay Mens Hlth Crisis Inc, New York, NY USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), CDC NCHSTP DTBE CHSRB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smarks@cdc.gov OI sanchez, travis/0000-0003-1133-4762 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1073 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096123 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100022 PM 18048796 ER PT J AU Murrill, CS Liu, KL Guilin, V Colon, ER Dean, L Buckley, LA Sanchez, T Finlayson, TJ Torian, LV AF Murrill, Christopher S. Liu, Kai-lih Guilin, Vincent Colon, Edgar Rivera Dean, Laura Buckley, Lisa A. Sanchez, Travis Finlayson, Teresa J. Torian, Lucia V. TI HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors in New York City's house ball community SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MEN; TRANSGENDER PERSONS; LATINO MEN; US CITIES; SEX; GAY; INFECTION; HEALTH; VICTIMIZATION; PREVENTION AB Objectives. We measured HIV seroprevalence and associated risk factors among persons in New York City's house ball community. Methods. In 2004 we conducted a venue-based risk-behavior survey and HIV testing in the house ball community. Results. Of the 504 study participants, 67% were male, 14% female, and 18% transgender. Mean age was 24 years (range= 15-52 years); 56% were Black, and 40% were Latino. More than 85% of participants had previously been tested for HIV, although only 60% had been tested in the previous 12 months. Of the 84 (17%) persons who tested positive for HIV in our study, 61 (73%) were unaware of their HIV status. A logistic regression analysis on data from 371 participants who had had a male sexual partner in the previous 12 months showed that HIV-infected participants were more likely than were HIV-negative participants to be Black, to be older than 29 years, and not to have been tested for HIV in the previous 12 months. Conclusions. Culturally specific community-level prevention efforts are warranted to reduce risk behaviors and increase the frequency of HIV testing in New York City's house ball community. C1 [Murrill, Christopher S.; Liu, Kai-lih; Buckley, Lisa A.; Torian, Lucia V.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Guilin, Vincent] Gay Mens Hlth Crisis Inc, New York, NY USA. [Colon, Edgar Rivera; Dean, Laura] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Sanchez, Travis; Finlayson, Teresa J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murrill, CS (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 346 Broadway,Room 701, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM cmurrill@health.nyc.gov OI sanchez, travis/0000-0003-1133-4762 FU NCHHSTP CDC HHS [U62 PS223471]; PHS HHS [U62-CCU206208] NR 42 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1074 EP 1080 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.108936 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100023 PM 18445806 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Edwards, VJ Fang, XM Mercy, JA AF Corso, Phaedra S. Edwards, Valerie J. Fang, Xiangming Mercy, James A. TI Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment during childhood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCE-BASED MEASURE; SEXUAL-ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; RETROSPECTIVE REPORTS; PROPENSITY SCORE; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; SF-36; CHILDREN; NEGLECT; STRESS AB Objectives. We sought to assess the difference in a preference-based measure of health among adults reporting maltreatment as a, child versus those reporting no maltreatment. Methods. Using data from a study of adults who reported adverse childhood experiences and current health status, we matched adults who reported childhood maltreatment (n = 2812) to those who reported no childhood maltreatment (n = 3356). Propensity score methods were used to compare the 2 groups. Health-related quality-of-life data (or "utilities") were imputed from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey using the Short Form-6D preference-based scoring algorithm. Results. The combined strata-level effects of maltreatment on Short Form-6D utility was a reduction of 0.028 per year (95% confidence interval =0.022, 0.034; P <.001). All utility losses for the childhood-maltreatment versus no-childhood-maltreatment groups by age group were significantly different: 18-39 years, 0.042; 40-49 years, 0.038; 50-59 years, 0.023; 60-69 years, 0.016; 70 or more years, 0.025. Conclusions. Persons who experienced childhood maltreatment had significant and sustained losses in health-related quality of life in adulthood relative to persons who did not experience maltreatment. These data are useful for asessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent child maltreatment in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life years saved. C1 [Corso, Phaedra S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Corso, Phaedra S.; Fang, Xiangming; Mercy, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Edwards, Valerie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, N125 Paul Coverdell Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pcorso@uga.edu RI Fang, Xiangming/O-1653-2014 OI Fang, Xiangming/0000-0001-9922-8977 NR 61 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1094 EP 1100 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.119826 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 308BK UT WOS:000256363100026 PM 18445797 ER PT J AU Zurovac, D Larson, BA Skarbinski, J Slutsker, L Snow, RW Hamel, MJ AF Zurovac, Dejan Larson, Bruce A. Skarbinski, Jacek Slutsker, Laurence Snow, Robert W. Hamel, Mary J. TI Modeling the financial and clinical implications of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the case-management of older children and adults in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; COMBINATION THERAPY; PEDIATRIC MALARIA; MICROSCOPY; ZAMBIA; AREA; MANIFESTATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIGHLANDS; TANZANIA AB Using data on clinical practices for outpatients 5 years and older, test accuracy, and malaria prevalence, we model financial and clinical implications of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) under the new artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment policy in one high and one low malaria prevalence district in Kenya. In the high transmission district, RDTs as actually used would improve malaria treatment (61% less over-treatment but 8% more under-treatment) and lower costs (21% less). Nonetheless, the majority of patients with malaria would not be correctly treated with AL. In the low transmission district, especially because the treatment policy was new and AL was not widely used, RDTs as actually used would yield a minor reduction in under-treatment errors (36% less but the base is small) with 41% higher costs. In both districts, adherence to revised clinical practices with RDTs has the potential to further decrease treatment errors with acceptable costs. C1 [Zurovac, Dejan] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Res Programme, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zurovac, D (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Res Programme, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Malaria Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Grp, POB 43640,GPO 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM dzurovac@nairobi.kemri-wellcome.org FU Wellcome Trust [079081, 079080] NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 884 EP 891 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500009 PM 18541764 ER PT J AU Liang, JL King, JD Ichimori, K Handzel, T Pa'au, M Lammie, PJ AF Liang, Jennifer L. King, Jonathan D. Ichimori, Kazuyo Handzel, Thomas Pa'au, Molisamoa Lammie, Patrick J. TI Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in American Samoa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FILARIASIS ELIMINATION PROGRAMS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; TRANSMISSION AB American Samoa began a territory-wide mass drug administration (MDA) program with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in 2000 after baseline surveys indicated that 16.5% of 2,989 residents were infected with Wuchereria bancrofti based on tests for circulating filarial antigen. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2001, 2003, and 2006, using convenience samples of residents of sentinel villages. Antigenemia prevalence in 2001 (11.5%) and 2003 (13.5%) showed no change. After the 2003 sentinel assessment, improvements were made in the social mobilization and drug distribution strategies. In 2006, after a total of 5 years of MDA and 3 years of improved MDA participation, the antigenemia prevalence dropped from 11.5% (2001) to 0.95% (2006) (P < 0.0001). In 2006, antigenemia prevalence was greater in males (1.5%) than females (0.4%) (P = 0.04). The decline in antigenemia prevalence shows the effectiveness of MDA and changes made in social mobilization and drug distribution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Pacific Programme Eliminate Lymphat Filariasis, Suva, Fiji. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F36, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM PLammie@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 924 EP 928 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500016 PM 18541771 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Borchert, JN Holmes, JL Amatre, G Van Wyk, K Enscore, RE Babi, N Atiku, LA Wilder, AP Vetter, SM Bearden, SW Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Borchert, Jeff N. Holmes, Jennifer L. Amatre, Gerald Van Wyk, Kristen Enscore, Russell E. Babi, Nackson Atiku, Linda A. Wilder, Aryn P. Vetter, Sara M. Bearden, Scott W. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and their potential role as vectors in a plague-endemic region of Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; BLOOD-MEAL; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SIPHONAPTERA; SWITZERLAND; PULICIDAE; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS AB In recent decades, the majority of human plague cases (caused by Yersinia pestis) have been reported from Africa. In northwest Uganda, which has had recent plague outbreaks, cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) have been reported as the most common fleas in the home environment, which is suspected to be a major exposure site for human plague in this country. In the past, C. felis has been viewed as only a nuisance-biting insect because limited laboratory studies suggested it is incapable of transmitting Y. pestis or is an inefficient vector. Our laboratory study shows that C. felis is a competent vector of plague bacteria, but that efficiency is low compared with another flea species collected in the same area: the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis. On the other hand, despite its low vector efficiency, C felis is the most common flea in human habitations in a plague-endemic region of Uganda (Arua and Nebbi Districts), and occasionally infests potential rodent reservoirs of Y. pestis such as the roof rat (Rattus rattus) or the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). Plague control programs in this region should remain focused on reducing rat flea populations, although our findings imply that cat fleas should not be ignored by these programs as they could play a significant role as secondary vectors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), NCID, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, CDC, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 949 EP 956 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500020 PM 18541775 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Islam, MS Johnston, R Ram, PK Luby, SP AF Gupta, Sundeep K. Islam, M. S. Johnston, Richard Ram, Pavani Kalluri Luby, Stephen P. TI The chulli water purifier: Acceptability and effectiveness of an innovative strategy for household water treatment in Bangladesh SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTAMINATION; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES; AWARENESS; RISKS AB To evaluate the effectiveness of the chulli water purifier, a new household water treatment strategy in Bangladesh that relies on passing water through a stove, we interviewed persons who had this water purifier. From households using it regularly, we tested untreated water, sand-filtered water without heat pasteurization, sand-filtered and heat pasteurized water, and household stored, treated water. Reasons for discontinuing use among 80 of 101 persons included mechanical problems (49%), inconvenience (35%), and high cost (10%). Only four households were regularly using the purifier. Three (19%) of 16 heat-treated samples were positive for Escherichia coli. The median log reduction from source water was > 5. Nine (56%) stored water samples were positive for E. coli, indicating recontamination. Poor durability, inconvenience, high cost, and post-treatment contamination limit the usefulness of the purifier. These issues, which are relevant for other household water treatment strategies, should be resolved before further implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. United Nations Childrens Fund, Dhaka, Bangladesh. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), 2190 Kampala Ave, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM scg7@ug.cdc.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 979 EP 984 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500025 PM 18541780 ER PT J AU Gambetti, P Dong, Z Yuan, J Xiao, X Zheng, M Alshekhlee, A Castellani, R Cohen, M Barria, MA Gonzalez-Romero, D Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Marder, K Harris, C Burke, JR Montine, T Wisniewski, T Dickson, DW Soto, C Hulette, CM Mastrianni, JA Kong, QZ Zou, WQ AF Gambetti, Pierluigi Dong, Zhiqian Yuan, Jue Xiao, Xiangzhu Zheng, Mengjie Alshekhlee, Amer Castellani, Rudy Cohen, Mark Barria, Marcelo A. Gonzalez-Romero, D. Belay, Ermias D. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Marder, Karen Harris, Carrie Burke, James R. Montine, Thomas Wisniewski, Thomas Dickson, Dennis W. Soto, Claudio Hulette, Christine M. Mastrianni, James A. Kong, Qingzhong Zou, Wen-Quan TI A novel human disease with abnormal prion protein sensitive to protease SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; SCRAPIE; STRAIN; ASSAY; PRP; CLASSIFICATION; CONFORMERS; ANTIBODY; VARIANT AB Objective: To report a novel prion disease characterized by distinct histopathological and immunostaining features, and associated with an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrP) that, contrary to the common prion diseases, is predominantly sensitive to protease digestion. Methods: Eleven subjects were investigated at the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center for clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, genotypical, and PrP characteristics. Results: Patients presented with behavioral and psychiatric manifestations on average at 62 years, whereas mean disease duration was 20 months. The type of spongiform degeneration, the PrP immunostaining pattern, and the presence of microplaques distinguished these cases from those with known prion diseases. Typical protease-resistant PrP was undetectable in the cerebral neocortex with standard diagnostic procedures. After enrichment, abnormal PrP was detected at concentrations 16 times lower than common prion diseases; it included nearly 4 times less protease-resistant PrP, which formed a distinct electrophoretic profile. The subjects examined comprised about 3% of sporadic cases evaluated by the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center. Although several subjects had family histories of dementia, no mutations were found in the PrP gene open reading frame. Interpretation: The distinct histopathological, PrP immunohistochemical, and physicochemical features, together with the homogeneous genotype, indicate that this is a previously unidentified type of disease involving the PrP, which we designated 11 protease-sensitive prionopathy" (or PSPr). Protease-sensitive prionopathy is not rare among prion diseases, and it may be even more prevalent than our data indicate because protease-sensitive prionopathy cases are likely also to be classified within the group of non-Alzheimer's dementias. C1 [Gambetti, Pierluigi; Dong, Zhiqian; Yuan, Jue; Xiao, Xiangzhu; Zheng, Mengjie; Cohen, Mark; Harris, Carrie; Kong, Qingzhong; Zou, Wen-Quan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Castellani, Rudy] Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Barria, Marcelo A.; Gonzalez-Romero, D.; Soto, Claudio] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Neurol Neurosci & Cell Biol, George & Cynthia Mitchell Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Galveston, TX USA. [Belay, Ermias D.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marder, Karen] Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, New York, NY USA. [Burke, James R.] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Durham, NC USA. [Montine, Thomas] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Wisniewski, Thomas] NYU, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Dickson, Dennis W.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Hulette, Christine M.] Duke Univ, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Mastrianni, James A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gambetti, P (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM pxg13@case.edu RI Castellani, Rudy/A-9555-2009; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; xiao, xiangzhu/B-9300-2014; Burke, James/E-4245-2016; OI xiao, xiangzhu/0000-0002-8013-9074; Burke, James/0000-0002-3408-7787; Dickson, Dennis W/0000-0001-7189-7917 FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG014359, AG08702, AG14359, P01 AG014359-10, P01 AG014359-12, P50 AG008702]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS049173, R01 NS049173, R01 NS052319, R01 NS052319-03]; PHS HHS [CCU 515004] NR 38 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1002/ana.21420 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 321HA UT WOS:000257294100003 PM 18571782 ER PT J AU Behravesh, CB Mayberry, LF Bristol, JR Cardenas, VM Mena, KD Martinez-Ocana, J Flisser, A Snowden, KF AF Behravesh, C. Barton Mayberry, L. F. Bristol, J. R. Cardenas, V. M. Mena, K. D. Martinez-Ocana, J. Flisser, A. Snowden, K. F. TI Population-based survey of taeniasis along the United States-Mexico border SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLIUM TAENIASIS; RURAL VILLAGE; BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS; TAPEWORM CARRIERS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Taenia solium and T. saginata are zoonotic tapeworms of substantial medical and economic importance. Although human taeniasis is widely recognised as an endemic problem in Mexico, its presence in the United States is poorly understood. The first population-based study to estimate the prevalence of human infection with Taenia tapeworms along the Texas - Mexico border has recently been conducted. Households were interviewed in the Texan city of El Paso and in the neighbouring Ciudad Juarez, in Mexico. Faecal samples from household members were then checked for Taenia eggs by flotation and/or for Taenia copro-antigens in an ELISA. The overall prevalence of taeniasis in this border region was found to be 3% but, compared with the residents of Juarez, El Paso residents were 8.6-fold more likely to be tapeworm carriers. The interviews revealed some important differences between the two study sites, particularly the more frequent use of anthelminthic drugs on the Mexican side of the border. These findings have implications in terms of the planning of effective health-education campaigns to decrease the prevalence of taeniasis in the human populations along the Texas - Mexico border. C1 [Behravesh, C. Barton] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mayberry, L. F.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bristol, J. R.; Cardenas, V. M.; Mena, K. D.] Univ Texas El Paso, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. [Martinez-Ocana, J.] Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Direcc Invest, Mexico City 14080, DF, Mexico. [Flisser, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Snowden, K. F.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Behravesh, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlx9@cdc.gov RI Snowden, Karen/C-9111-2013 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 102 IS 4 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1179/136485908X300788 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 314VQ UT WOS:000256837700005 ER PT J AU Reinert, RR Filimonova, OY Al-Lahham, A Grudinina, SA Ilina, EN Weigel, LM Sidorenko, SV AF Reinert, Ralf R. Filimonova, Olga Y. Al-Lahham, Adnan Grudinina, Svetlana A. Ilina, Elena N. Weigel, Linda M. Sidorenko, Sergey V. TI Mechanisms of macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Russia SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; DISEASE; EFFLUX; IDENTIFICATION; DETERMINANTS; PNEUMOCOCCI; ERM(B); MEF(A) AB Among 76 macrolide-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected between 2003 and 2005 from Central Russia, the resistance mechanisms detected in the isolates included erm(B) alone (50%), mef alone [mef(E), mef(I), or a different mef subclass; 19.7%], or both erm(B) and mef(E) (30.3%). Isolates with dual resistance genes [erm(B) and mef(E)] belonged to clonal complex CC81 or CC271. C1 [Filimonova, Olga Y.; Grudinina, Svetlana A.; Sidorenko, Sergey V.] Natl Res Ctr Antibiot, Moscow 117105, Russia. [Reinert, Ralf R.] Univ Hosp RWTH, Inst Med Microbiol, Natl Reference Ctr Streptococci, Aachen, Germany. [Al-Lahham, Adnan] German Jordanian Univ, Sch Appl Med Sci, Amman, Jordan. [Ilina, Elena N.] Inst Physicochem Med, Moscow, Russia. [Weigel, Linda M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sidorenko, SV (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr Antibiot, 3A Nagatinskaya Str, Moscow 117105, Russia. EM sidorserg@yandex.ru RI Sidorenko, Sergey/E-5870-2011; Reinert, Ralf Rene/D-6897-2011; Ilina, Elena/N-8190-2015 OI Sidorenko, Sergey/0000-0003-3550-7875; Ilina, Elena/0000-0003-0130-5079 FU PHS HHS [2460/61] NR 15 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2260 EP 2262 DI 10.1128/AAC.01270-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306UG UT WOS:000256272700054 PM 18378707 ER PT J AU Urich, SK Petersen, JM AF Urich, Sandra K. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Francisella tularensis types A and B from North America SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; TULAREMIA; HOLARCTICA AB to concern that Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, may be used as a bioterrorist weapon, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently provided a susceptibility testing method with breakpoints. Here, 169 isolates (92 type A and 77 type B) from North America were tested against seven antimicrobial agents (streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol) used for the treatment of tularemia. The MICs for all of the isolates fell within the susceptible range. In addition, all isolates had MICs for erythromycin of 0.5 to 4 mu g/ml, in contrast to an MIC of > 256 mu g/ml for the common laboratory strain LVS (live vaccine strain). C1 [Urich, Sandra K.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Foothills Campus,3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2278 DI 10.1128/AAC.01584-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306UG UT WOS:000256272700059 PM 18411318 ER PT J AU Meleg, E Banyai, K Martella, V Jiang, B Kocsis, B Kisfali, P Melegh, B Szucs, G AF Meleg, Edina Banyai, Krisztian Martella, Vito Jiang, Baoming Kocsis, Bela Kisfali, Peter Melegh, Bela Szucs, Gyoergy TI Detection and quantification of group C rotaviruses in communal sewage SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; GROUP-B; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; GROUP-A; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN AB Group C rotaviruses have been recognized as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, cattle, and swine, although the true epidemiologic and clinical importance of this virus in these hosts has not yet been fully established. A real-time PCR assay based on a broadly reactive primer pair was developed and used to quantitatively determine the viral load of group C rotaviruses in environmental samples. A total of 35 raw and 35 treated sewage samples collected at the same sampling time in four Hungarian sewage treatment plants during a survey in 2005 were tested for the presence of group C rotaviruses. The overall detection rates were 91% (32 of 35) for the influent and 57% (20 of 35) for the effluent samples. Molecular characterization of the amplified partial VP6 gene revealed the cocirculation of human and animal (i.e., bovine and porcine) strains that were easily distinguishable by melting curve analysis. Human strains yielded relatively high viral loads (mean, 1.2 X 10(7); median, 6.9 X 10(5) genome equivalents per liter influent sewage) and appeared to display seasonal activity over the study period, whereas animal strains appeared to circulate throughout the year at much lower average titers (bovine strains mean, 9.9 X 10(4); median, 3.0 X 10(4); porcine strains mean, 3.9 X 10(4); median, 3.1 X 10(4) genome equivalents per liter influent sewage). Our findings suggest that monitoring of communal sewage may provide a good surrogate for investigating the epidemiology and ecology of group C rotaviruses in humans and animals. C1 [Meleg, Edina; Banyai, Krisztian; Szucs, Gyoergy] Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. [Martella, Vito] Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Well Being, I-70010 Bari, Italy. [Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meleg, Edina; Banyai, Krisztian; Kocsis, Bela; Szucs, Gyoergy] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. [Kisfali, Peter; Melegh, Bela] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet & Child Dev, Fac Med, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. RP Szucs, G (reprint author), Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. EM szucsgy@baranya.antsz.hu RI Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3394 EP 3399 DI 10.1128/AEM.02895-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 309KX UT WOS:000256460400010 PM 18390677 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Kurosaki, H Frechou, C Gilligan, C Jones, R LaMont, S Leggitt, J Li, C McCroan, K Swatski, R AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Kurosaki, Hiromu Frechou, Carole Gilligan, Chris Jones, Robert LaMont, Stephen Leggitt, Jeff Li, Chunsheng McCroan, Keith Swatski, Ronald TI A blueprint for radioanalytical metrology CRMs, intercomparisons, and PE SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci DE CRMs; emergency response; environmental; intercomparisons; nuclear forensics; performance evaluations; radiobioassay ID PROGRAM AB A workshop was held from 28 February to 2 March 2006 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to evaluate the needs for new directions for complex matrix reference materials certified for radionuclide content, interlaboratory comparisons and performance evaluation (PE) programs. The workshop identified new radioanalytical metrology thrust areas needed for environmental, radiobioassay, emergency consequence management, and nuclear forensics, attribution, nonproliferation, and safeguards. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.; Kurosaki, Hiromu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frechou, Carole] CE Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gilligan, Chris] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leggitt, Jeff] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Li, Chunsheng] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. [McCroan, Keith] US EPA, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. [Swatski, Ronald] USACHPPM, Dept Army, APG EA, MD 21010 USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000033 PM 18359232 ER PT J AU Neubaum, MA Shankar, V Douglas, MR Douglas, ME O'Shea, TJ Rupprecht, CE AF Neubaum, M. A. Shankar, V. Douglas, M. R. Douglas, M. E. O'Shea, T. J. Rupprecht, C. E. TI An analysis of correspondence between unique rabies virus variants and divergent big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) mitochondrial DNA lineages SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; SURVEILLANCE; COLORADO; HISTORY AB The literature supports that unique rabies virus (RABV) variants are often compartmentalized in different species of bats. In Colorado, two divergent mtDNA lineages of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) co-occur. RABV associated with this species also segregates into two clades. We hypothesized that unique RABV variants might be associated with mtDNA lineages of Colorado big brown bats. DNA was extracted from brain tissue of rabid big brown bats, the ND2 gene was amplified to determine mtDNA lineage, and the lineage was compared to a previously derived phylogenetic analysis of the RABV N gene. No correspondence was found between host bat lineage and RABV variant. C1 [Neubaum, M. A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Neubaum, M. A.; Douglas, M. R.; Douglas, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shankar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shankar, V.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Shea, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Neubaum, MA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Melissa.Neubaum@aphis.usda.gov OI Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0081-2 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 304DA UT WOS:000256089000015 PM 18398562 ER PT J AU Hall, T Hogben, M Carlton, AL Liddon, N Koumans, EH AF Hall, Tricia Hogben, Matthew Carlton, Anne L. Liddon, Nicole Koumans, Emilia H. TI Attitudes toward using condoms and condom use: Differences between sexually abused and nonabused African American female adolescents SO BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescents; condom use; sexual abuse; sexually transmitted disease ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RISK; WOMEN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; MINORITY; PARTNERS; BEHAVIOR; HISTORY AB Rates of many sexually transmitted diseases remain higher among adolescents than among any other age group. The associations between abuse experiences and risky sexual behaviors suggest that exploring the relationships between adolescents' abuse history and condom use beliefs and behaviors is warranted. Females (N = 725) attending an adolescent clinic reported demographic characteristics, beliefs about condom use, sexual behaviors, and sexual abuse or molestation history. Those reporting sexual abuse or molestation (23%) were more likely to think condoms interfered with sexual pleasure and less likely to think condoms were important to partners. They also reported more unprotected vaginal sex and more lifetime sex partners. Beliefs were correlated with condom use consistency, number of lifetime partners, and number of unprotected sex experiences. The greater levels of behavioral risk among those reporting abuse suggest greater risk for acquisition and transmission in abused female adolescents. The authors discuss hypotheses to inform future research and intervention. C1 [Hall, Tricia; Hogben, Matthew; Liddon, Nicole; Koumans, Emilia H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carlton, Anne L.] Paideia Sch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0896-4289 J9 BEHAV MED JI Behav. Med. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.3200/BMED.34.2.45-54 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA 334XH UT WOS:000258254600001 PM 18682337 ER PT J AU Datta, S Satten, GA AF Datta, Somnath Satten, Glen A. TI A signed-rank test for clustered data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE dependent data; paired comparison; repeated measures; sign test ID CORRELATED DATA AB We consider the problem of comparing two outcome measures when the pairs are clustered. Using the general principle of within-cluster resampling, we obtain a novel signed-rank test for clustered paired data. We show by a simple informative cluster size simulation model that only our test maintains the correct size under a null hypothesis of marginal symmetry compared to four other existing signed rank tests; further, our test has adequate power when cluster size is noninformative. In general, cluster size is informative if the distribution of pair-wise differences within a cluster depends on the cluster size. An application of our method to testing radiation toxicity trend is presented. C1 [Datta, Somnath] Univ Louisville, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM somnath.datta@louisville.edu OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00923.x PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 302HN UT WOS:000255959500020 PM 17970820 ER PT J AU Chapin, RE Adams, J Boekelheide, K Gray, LE Hayward, SW Lees, PSJ McIntyre, BS Portier, KM Schnorr, TM Selevan, SG Vandenbergh, JG Woskie, SR AF Chapin, Robert E. Adams, Jane Boekelheide, Kim Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Hayward, Simon W. Lees, Peter S. J. McIntyre, Barry S. Portier, Kenneth M. Schnorr, Teresa M. Selevan, Sherry G. Vandenbergh, John G. Woskie, Susan R. TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol A SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; CALBINDIN-D-9K MESSENGER-RNA; POLYCARBONATE BABY BOTTLES C1 [Chapin, Robert E.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Adams, Jane] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Boekelheide, Kim] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hayward, Simon W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Lees, Peter S. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [McIntyre, Barry S.] Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Summit, NJ USA. [Portier, Kenneth M.] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Schnorr, Teresa M.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Selevan, Sherry G.] US Publ Hlth Serv Ret, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Vandenbergh, John G.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Woskie, Susan R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. RP Chapin, RE (reprint author), Care Of Shelby MD, NIEHS, EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 533 TC 209 Z9 221 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 83 IS 3 BP 157 EP 395 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20147 PG 239 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 323MC UT WOS:000257449200005 PM 18613034 ER PT J AU Toomey, KE AF Toomey, Kathleen E. TI A century of adventure in northern health: The public health service commissioned corps in Alaska SO BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Toomey, Kathleen E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Toomey, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0007-5140 J9 B HIST MED JI Bull. Hist. Med. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 471 EP 472 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy of Science GA 315TA UT WOS:000256901400033 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Carle, AC O'Connor, KS Moore, KA Lippman, LH AF Blumberg, Stephen J. Carle, Adam C. O'Connor, Kathleen S. Moore, Kristin Anderson Lippman, Laura H. TI Social Competence: Development of an Indicator for Children and Adolescents SO CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social behavior; Indicators; Item response theory; Rasch models AB We describe a new measure based on eight parent-reported items designed for use in large nationally representative surveys to assess social competence among children and adolescents 6 to 17 years of age. The measure's psychometric characteristics were evaluated using data (N=67,405) from the 2003 (U.S.) National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a broad cross-sectional random-digit-dial telephone survey sponsored by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration's Maternal and Child Health Bureau and conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. The examination of the dimensional structure suggested that two correlated factors (social skills, behavior problems) best explained the variability in the responses. The fit of a Rasch-family Graded Response Model with constrained discrimination parameters was confirmed for both factors, and no differential item functioning was noted for age or sex of the child. The NSCH Social Competence Scale is an internally valid and reliable survey measure for identifying and discriminating among children with below average social skills and/or above average frequency of behavior problems. C1 [Blumberg, Stephen J.; O'Connor, Kathleen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Carle, Adam C.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Moore, Kristin Anderson; Lippman, Laura H.] Child Trends, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-897X J9 CHILD INDIC RES JI Child Indic. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 176 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s12187-007-9007-x PG 22 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA V10LG UT WOS:000207464900005 ER PT J AU Little, RR Rohlfing, CL Tennill, AL Madsen, RW Polonsky, KS Myers, GL Greenbaum, CJ Palmer, JP Rogatsky, E Stein, DT AF Little, Randie R. Rohlfing, Curt L. Tennill, Alethea L. Madsen, Richard W. Polonsky, Kenneth S. Myers, Gary L. Greenbaum, Carla J. Palmer, Jerry P. Rogatsky, Eduard Stein, Daniel T. TI Standardization of C-peptide measurements SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CELL FUNCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INSULIN-SECRETION; TRIAL AB BACKGROUND: C-peptide is a marker of insulin secretion in diabetic patients. We assessed within- and between-laboratory imprecision of C-peptide assays and determined whether serum calibrators with values assigned by mass spectrometry could be used to harmonize C-peptide results. METHODS: We sent 40 different serum samples to 15 laboratories, which used 9 different routine C-peptide assay methods. We also sent matched plasma samples to another laboratory for C-peptide analysis with a reference mass spectrometry method. Each laboratory analyzed 8 of these samples in duplicate on each of 4 days to evaluate within- and between-day imprecision. The same 8 samples were also used to normalize the results for the remaining samples to the mass spectrometry reference method. RESULTS: Within- and between-run CVs ranged from < 2% to > 10% and from < 2% to > 18%, respectively. Normalizing the results with serum samples significantly improved the comparability among laboratories and methods. After normalization, the differences among laboratories in mean response were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.24), with least-squares means of 0.93-1.02. CONCLUSIONS: C-peptide results generated by different methods and laboratories do not always agree, especially at higher C-peptide concentrations. Within-laboratory imprecision also varied, with some methods giving much more consistent results than others. These data show that calibrating C-peptide measurement to a reference method can increase comparability between laboratories. (c) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Little, Randie R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Madsen, Richard W.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Polonsky, Kenneth S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. [Greenbaum, Carla J.] Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Palmer, Jerry P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Palmer, Jerry P.] VA Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Rogatsky, Eduard; Stein, Daniel T.] Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY USA. [Rogatsky, Eduard; Stein, Daniel T.] Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, GCRC Analyt Core Lab, Bronx, NY USA. RP Little, RR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Diagnost Lab, M767,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM LittleR@health.missouri.edu RI Rogatsky, Eduard/A-7989-2009; OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012 FU PHS HHS [200200409985] NR 14 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.101287 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NO UT WOS:000256325800013 PM 18420730 ER PT J AU Botelho, JC Shacklady, C Razdan, R Vesper, HW AF Botelho, J. C. Shacklady, C. Razdan, R. Vesper, H. W. TI Impact of sample preparation procedures of testosterone measurements by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Botelho, J. C.; Shacklady, C.; Razdan, R.; Vesper, H. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 SU S MA C71 BP A122 EP A122 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NN UT WOS:000256325700376 ER PT J AU Dasti, M Caudill, SP Kimberly, MM Cooper, GR Waymack, PP Slazyk, WE Monsell, E Myers, GL AF Dasti, M. Caudill, S. P. Kimberly, M. M. Cooper, G. R. Waymack, P. P. Slazyk, W. E. Monsell, E. Myers, G. L. TI A new analytical protocol for evaluating laboratory performance in the CDC-NHLBI Lipid Standardization Program SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Dasti, M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Caudill, S. P.; Kimberly, M. M.; Cooper, G. R.; Waymack, P. P.; Slazyk, W. E.; Myers, G. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Monsell, E.] Orise, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 SU S MA D27 BP A152 EP A152 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NN UT WOS:000256325700473 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Medalla, F Omondi, MW Whichard, JM Fields, PI Gerner-Smidt, P Patel, NJ Cooper, KLF Chiller, TM Mintz, ED AF Gupta, Sundeep K. Medalla, Felicita Omondi, Michael W. Whichard, Jean M. Fields, Patricia I. Gerner-Smidt, Peter Patel, Nehal J. Cooper, Kara L. F. Chiller, Tom M. Mintz, Eric D. TI Laboratory-based surveillance of paratyphoid fever in the United States: Travel and antimicrobial resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CIPROFLOXACIN; KATHMANDU; TRENDS; NEPAL AB Background. The incidence of paratyphoid fever, including paratyphoid fever caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains, is increasing globally. However, the epidemiologic and laboratory characteristics of paratyphoid fever in the United States have never been studied. Methods. We attempted to interview all patients who had been infected with laboratory-confirmed Salmonella serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C in the United States with specimens collected from 1 April 2005 through 31 March 2006. At the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), isolates underwent serotype confirmation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. Results. Of 149 patients infected with Salmonella Paratyphi A, we obtained epidemiologic information for 89 (60%); 55 (62%) of 86 were hospitalized. Eighty-five patients (96%) reported having travel internationally, and 80 (90%) had traveled to South Asia. Of the 146 isolates received at the CDC, 127 (87%) were nalidixic acid resistant; nalidixic acid resistance was associated with travel to South Asia (odds ratio, 17.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.8-75.9). All nalidixic acid-resistant isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration, >= 0.12 mu g/mL). Of 49 patients infected with Salmonella Paratyphi B, only 12 (24%) were confirmed to have Paratyphi B when tested at the CDC. Four (67%) of 6 patients were hospitalized, and 5 (83%) reported travel (4 to the Andean region of South America). One case of Salmonella Paratyphi C infection was reported in a traveler to West Africa with a urinary tract infection. Conclusions. Physicians should be aware of the increasing incidence of infection due to Salmonella Paratyphi A and treatment options given its widespread antimicrobial resistance. A paratyphoid fever vaccine is urgently needed. Continued surveillance for paratyphoid fever will help guide future prevention and treatment recommendations. C1 [Gupta, Sundeep K.; Medalla, Felicita; Omondi, Michael W.; Whichard, Jean M.; Fields, Patricia I.; Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Patel, Nehal J.; Cooper, Kara L. F.; Chiller, Tom M.; Mintz, Eric D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), 2190 Kampala Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM scg7@ug.cdc.gov NR 40 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1656 EP 1663 DI 10.1086/587894 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 297HC UT WOS:000255606700003 PM 18422453 ER PT J AU Tsai, CJ Griffin, MR Nuorti, JP Grijalva, CG AF Tsai, Chiaojung Jillian Griffin, Marie R. Nuorti, J. Pekka Grijalva, Carlos G. TI Changing epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; DISEASE; ERA; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; COMPLICATIONS AB Background. Although hospitalizations due to invasive pneumococcal disease decreased after routine vaccination of young children with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) began in 2000, information on the trends in pneumococcal meningitis is limited. Methods. We estimated national trends in rates of hospitalization for pneumococcal meningitis, using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1994-2004. Pneumococcal meningitis cases and deaths were identified on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification coded primary discharge diagnosis, and rates were calculated using US Census data as denominators. The year 2000 was considered to be a transition year, and the average annualized rate after PCV7 introduction (2001-2004) was compared with that during the baseline years (1994-1999). Results. During 1994-2004, there were 21,396 hospitalizations and 2684 deaths (12.5%) due to pneumococcal meningitis in the United States. In children aged <2 years, the average annualized rates of pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations per 100,000 population decreased from 7.7 in 1994-1999 to 2.6 in 2001-2004 (change, -66.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -73.5% to -56.3%). Among children aged 2-4 years, the hospitalization rate decreased from 0.9 to 0.5 per 100,000 (change, -51.5%; 95% CI, -66.9% to -28.9%). Average rates also decreased by 33.0% (95% CI, -43.4% to -20.9%) among adults aged >= 65 years. After PCV7 introduction (2001-2004), an estimated 1822 and 573 pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations were prevented in persons aged <5 years and >= 65 years, respectively. Overall, an estimated 3330 pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations and 394 deaths were prevented in persons of all ages during 2001-2004 in the United States. Conclusion. After implementation of routine childhood vaccination with PCV7, hospitalizations for pneumococcal meningitis decreased significantly for both children and adults. Most pneumococcal meningitis cases now occur among adults. C1 [Tsai, Chiaojung Jillian; Griffin, Marie R.; Grijalva, Carlos G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Nuorti, J. Pekka] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grijalva, CG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 1500 21st Ave,2600 VAV, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM carlos.grijalva@vanderbilt.edu FU AHRQ HHS [1R03HS016784, R03 HS016784] NR 36 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1664 EP 1672 DI 10.1086/587897 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 297HC UT WOS:000255606700004 PM 18433334 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Ridpath, A Noble-Wang, J Jensen, B Peterson, AM Arduino, M Jernigan, D Srinivasan, A AF Cohen, Adam L. Ridpath, Alison Noble-Wang, Judith Jensen, Bette Peterson, Alicia M. Arduino, Matt Jernigan, Dan Srinivasan, Arjun TI Outbreak of Serratia morcescens bloodstream and central nervous system infections after interventional pain management procedures SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN LA English DT Article DE Serratia marcescens; bacteremia; central nervous system infections; pain clinic; low back pain; infection control ID MULTIPLE-DOSE VIALS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; HEPATITIS-B; EXTRINSIC CONTAMINATION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; TAP-WATER; MARCESCENS; TRANSMISSION; BACTEREMIA; HANDS AB Objectives: To determine the cause of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in patients after interventional pain management procedures at an outpatient pain clinic. Methods: We conducted a case-control study and collected clinical and environmental samples. Results: We identified 5 culture-confirmed case-patients and 2 presumptive case-patients who had no bacteria recovered from cultures. The 7 case-patients were compared with 28 controls who underwent procedures at the same clinic but did not develop symptoms of infection. All confirmed case-patients had S. marcescens bloodstream infections; 2 had concurrent S. marcescens central nervous system infections. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have procedures that used contrast solution or entered the epidural or intervertebral disc space (P <= 0.01 for each). All S. marcescens clinical isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We did not isolate S. marcescens from medications or environmental samples; however, S. marcescens was shown to survive and grow in contrast solution that was experimentally contaminated for up to 30 days. Single-dose vials of medication, including contrast solution, were used for multiple procedures; multiple medications were accessed with a common needle and syringe. Discussion: The findings of this investigation suggest contamination of a common medication, likely contrast solution, as the source of the outbreak. Practices, such as reusing single-dose medication vials and using a common needle and syringe to access multiple medications, could have led to contamination and propagation of S. marcescens and should be avoided in interventional pain management procedures. C1 [Jernigan, Dan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cohen, Adam L.; Ridpath, Alison; Noble-Wang, Judith; Jensen, Bette; Peterson, Alicia M.; Arduino, Matt; Jernigan, Dan; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ridpath, Alison] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Emergency Med Residency Program, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ALCohen1@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-8047 J9 CLIN J PAIN JI Clin. J. Pain PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816157db PG 7 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 305XA UT WOS:000256209900002 PM 18496300 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Shao, Z Zhu, Y Xu, L Xu, X Mayer, LW Xu, J Jin, Q AF Zhang, X. Shao, Z. Zhu, Y. Xu, L. Xu, X. Mayer, L. W. Xu, J. Jin, Q. TI Genetic characteristics of serogroup A meningococci circulating in China, 1956-2005 SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE China; epidemiology; meningococcal disease; Neisseria meningitidis; sequence types; serogroup A ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; PANDEMICS; GENOTYPES; VARIANTS; PATTERNS; MUTATION; PROTEIN; DISEASE AB Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A accounted for 95% of cases of meningococcal disease in China during the last century. To understand the circulation of these organisms in China over a 50-year period, 275 serogroup A meningococcal isolates collected between 1956 and 2005 were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA typing. In total, 44 sequence types (STs), belonging to five hyperinvasive lineages, and ten singletons were identified in this collection. The ST-5 complex and the ST-1 complex represented 52.8% (86/163) and 44.2% (72/163), respectively, of isolates from cases of infection and, overall, 93.1% (256/275) of all isolates. Three prevalent clones (ST-5, P1.5-2,10; ST-3, P1.7-1,10; and ST-5, P1.20,9) were involved in four national epidemics in 1959, 1967, 1977 and 1984. ST-5 was replaced by ST-7 in the late 1980s, such that ST-7 isolates with P1.20,9 represented > 86% of isolates from cases of infection after 2000. The data also revealed that the collection contained 19 PorA VR types, of which P1.7-1,10 and P1.20,9 were the predominant types in the ST-1 and ST-5 common lineages, respectively. Three other hyperinvasive lineages (ST-11 complex, ST-32 complex and ST-4821 complex) were isolated only from carriers. It was concluded that serogroup A meningococci of the ST-5 complex and the ST-1 complex were responsible for most cases of meningococcal disease in China during the past 50 years. C1 [Zhang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Xu, X.; Jin, Q.] Chinese Acad Med Sci, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Inst Pathogen Biol, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China. [Shao, Z.; Xu, L.; Xu, J.] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Mayer, L. W.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jin, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Med Sci, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Inst Pathogen Biol, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China. EM zdsys@sina.com RI Jin, Qi/B-5379-2009 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01977.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 297FI UT WOS:000255602100005 PM 18373693 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Menacker, F Declercq, E AF MacDorman, Marian F. Menacker, Fay Declercq, Eugene TI Cesarean birth in the United States: Epidemiology, trends, and outcomes SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANNED VAGINAL DELIVERY; NO INDICATED RISK; MATERNAL REQUEST; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; SECTION; MORBIDITY; PREGNANCY; OBESITY; RATES; PREVALENCE AB The percentage of United States cesarean births increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1 % in 2006. Cesarean rates increased for women of all ages, race/ethnic groups, and gestational ages and in all states. Both primary and repeat cesareans have increased. Increases in primary cesareans in cases of "no indicated risk" have been more rapid than in the overall population and seem the result of changes in obstetric practice rather than changes in the medical risk profile or increases in "maternal request." Several studies note an increased risk for neonatal and maternal mortality for medically elective cesareans compared with vaginal births. C1 [MacDorman, Marian F.; Menacker, Fay] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Declercq, Eugene] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mfm1@cdc.gov OI Declercq, Eugene/0000-0001-5411-3033 NR 58 TC 197 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 23 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 293 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2008.03.007 PG 16 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 308SK UT WOS:000256410100002 PM 18456070 ER PT J AU Bettegowda, VR Dias, T Davidoff, MJ Damus, K Callaghan, WM Petrini, JR AF Bettegowda, Vani R. Dias, Todd Davidoff, Michael J. Damus, Karla Callaghan, William M. Petrini, Joann R. TI The relationship between cesarean delivery and gestational age among US singleton births SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATE PRETERM BIRTHS; NEAR-TERM BIRTHS; UNITED-STATES; VAGINAL DELIVERY; WASHINGTON-STATE; INFANT-MORTALITY; MATERNAL OBESITY; RISK; RATES; MORBIDITY AB The increasing trend of delivering at earlier gestational ages has raised concerns of the impact on maternal and infant health. The delicate balance of the risks and benefits associated with continuing a pregnancy versus delivering early remains challenging. Among singleton live births in the United States, the proportion of preterm births increased from 9.7% to 10.7% between 1996 and 2004. The increase in singleton preterm births occurred primarily among those delivered by cesarean section, with the largest percentage increase in late preterm births. For all maternal racial/ethnic groups, singleton cesarean section rates increased for each gestational age group. Singleton cesarean section rates for non-Hispanic black women increased at a faster pace among all preterm gestational age groups compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the increase in cesarean section deliveries resulting in preterm birth. C1 [Bettegowda, Vani R.; Dias, Todd; Davidoff, Michael J.; Petrini, Joann R.] March Dimes Fdn, Natl Off, Perinatal Data Ctr, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. [Damus, Karla; Petrini, Joann R.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Callaghan, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bettegowda, VR (reprint author), March Dimes Fdn, Natl Off, Perinatal Data Ctr, 1275 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. EM vbettegowda@marchofdimes.com NR 69 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 EI 1557-9840 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 309 EP + DI 10.1016/j.clp.2008.03.002 PG 17 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 308SK UT WOS:000256410100003 PM 18456071 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Ikeda, T Hojou, M Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Ikeda, Tomoko Hojou, Minoru Araki, Shunichi TI Perceived psychosocial job stress and sleep bruxism among male and female workers SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; job stress; parasomniao; psychosocial aspects of oral health; sleep bruxism ID EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE; RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; IRREGULAR SHIFT WORK; REPORTED BRUXISM; NOCTURNAL BRUXISM; MEDIA PERSONNEL; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SYMPTOMS; POPULATION; INSOMNIA AB Objective: Psychosocial job stress has been associated with sleep disturbances, but its association with sleep bruxism (SB), the stereotype movement disorder related to sleep, is not well understood. The aim of this epidemiological study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial job stress and SB. Methods: 1944 male and 736 female factory workers participated in this study (response rate 78.1%). Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 13 job stress variables. SB was assessed by the question, 'Do you grind or clench your teeth during your sleep or has anyone in your family told you that you grind your teeth during your sleep?' Response options were 'never', 'seldom', 'sometimes' or 'often'. SB was considered present if the answer was 'sometimes' or 'often'. Results: Overall, 30.9% of males and 20.2% of females reported SB. In males, workers with low social support from supervisors [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.68] or from colleagues (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.17-1.83), and high depressive symptoms (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26-2.03) had a significantly increased risk of SB after controlling for confounders. By contrast, no significant association was found in females. Conclusions: We conclude that SB is weakly associated with some aspects of job stress in men but not in women among the Japanese working population. C1 [Nakata, Akinori; Takahashi, Masaya; Araki, Shunichi] NIOSH, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ikeda, Tomoko] Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hojou, Minoru] Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0301-5661 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00388.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 298PX UT WOS:000255700700002 PM 18474052 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Lu, AYH AF Ma, Qiang Lu, Anthony Y. H. TI The challenges of dealing with promiscuous drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors and transporters SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE promiscuity; drug metabolism; P450; drug-metabolizing enzymes; drug transporter; receptor; drug interaction; crystal structure ID MAMMALIAN CYTOCHROME P4502B4; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; ACTIVE-SITE; IN-VITRO AB Unlike classical enzymes, drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), such as the liver microsomal cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, epoxide hydrolase, and flavin-containing monooxygenase, all exhibit broad substrate specificities, low turnover rates, atypical kinetics, and other unusual properties. Receptors ( the pregnane X receptor, NR1I2; the constitutive androstane receptor, NR1I3; and the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor) responsible for the induction of DMEs and transporters (P-glycoprotein) responsible for drug transport also have broad substrate specificities. These promiscuous proteins are all intimately involved in drug disposition. Promiscuous proteins, by definition, are known for diversity, but not specificity, in their interaction with drugs. In this review, we analyzed recent advances on the three dimensional structures and kinetic properties of DMD proteins from crystallography, mutational, and kinetic studies to gain insights into the structural and biochemical basis for the promiscuous ligand-protein interactions of the proteins. Large substrate-binding cavities (SBCs), binding of more than one substrate/effector and binding of substrates in alternative orientations and locations within the SBCs, rotation of a substrate at the active site, and substantial substrate-induced conformational changes of the SBCs are common features of the promiscuous DMEs, receptors, and transporters, and therefore, are important parameters to be considered in dealing with drug metabolism issues and safety evaluation of drugs and environmental chemicals. C1 [Ma, Qiang] NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Lu, Anthony Y. H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, TMBB HELD CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov; aldclu@att.net NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.2174/138920008784746337 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 323OJ UT WOS:000257455600003 PM 18537574 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Schulze, MB Bergmann, MM Thamer, C Joost, HG Boeing, H AF Ford, Earl S. Schulze, Matthias B. Bergmann, Manuela M. Thamer, Claus Joost, Hans-Georg Boeing, Heiner TI Liver enzymes and incident diabetes - Findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE; AGED JAPANESE MEN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPIC-GERMANY; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE - We sought to examine the association between plasma concentrations of liver enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and incident diabetes, prospectively. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted a case-cohort analysis of data from participants mainly aged 35-65 years in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study. The analytic sample included 787 participants with incident diabetes and 2,224 participants without diabetes. RESULTS - Concentrations of GGT and ALT were significantly associated with incident diabetes after extensive adjustment. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of GGT, the adjusted hazard ratios for increasing quintiles were 1.13 (95% CI 0.66-1.93), 1.67 (1.01-2.77), 2.77 (1.71-4.49), and 2.67 (1.63-4.37), respectively (P for linear trend <0.001). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of ALT, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes were 0.93 (0.56-1.53) for quintile 2, 1.28 (0.83-1.96) for quintile 3, 1.35 (0.88-2.07) for quintile 4, and 1.93 (1.27-2.92) for quintile 5 (P for linear trend = 0.002). The magnitude of the associations were higher among men than women for GGT (P = 0.004) but did not differ significantly between men and women for ALT (P = 0.307). CONCLUSIONS - Concentrations of GGT and ALT were significant predictors of incident diabetes in this study, even at concentrations still considered to be within the normal range. C1 [Schulze, Matthias B.; Bergmann, Manuela M.; Boeing, Heiner] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Dept Epidemiol, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thamer, Claus] Univ Tubingen, Dept Internal Med 4, Tubingen, Germany. [Joost, Hans-Georg] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Dept Pharmacol, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. RP Schulze, MB (reprint author), German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Dept Epidemiol, ArLhur Scheunert Allee 114-115, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. EM mschulze@dife.de RI Joost, Hans-Georg/J-4462-2013; OI Joost, Hans-Georg/0000-0002-5860-606X; Schulze, Matthias B./0000-0002-0830-5277 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1143 DI 10.2337/dc07-2159 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 313RZ UT WOS:000256759000010 PM 18346992 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Orr, M Tsongas, T Leiker, R Kapil, V AF Horton, D. Kevin Orr, Maureen Tsongas, Theodora Leiker, Richard Kapil, Vikas TI Secondary Contamination of Medical Personnel, Equipment, and Facilities Resulting From Hazardous Materials Events, 2003-2006 SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE hazardous materials events; chemically contaminated victims; medical personnel; secondary contamination AB Background: When not managed properly, a hazardous material event can quickly extend beyond the boundaries of the initial release, creating the potential for secondary contamination of medical personnel, equipment, and facilities. Secondary contamination generally occurs when primary victims are not decontaminated or are inadequately decontaminated before receiving medical attention. This article examines the secondary contamination events reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and offers suggestions for preventing such events. Methods: Data from the ATSDR Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to conduct a retrospective analysis of hazardous material events occurring in 17 states during 2003 through 2006 involving secondary contamination of medical personnel, equipment, and facilities. Results: Fifteen (0.05%) Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance events were identified in which secondary contamination occurred. At least 17 medical personnel were injured as a result of secondary contamination while they were treating contaminated victims. Of the medical personnel injured, 12 were emergency medical technicians and 5 were hospital personnel. Respiratory irritation was the most common injury sustained. Conclusions: Adequate preplanning and drills, proper decontamination procedures, good field-to-hospital communication, appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and effective training can help prevent injuries of medical personnel and contamination of transport vehicles and medical facilities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:104-113) C1 [Horton, D. Kevin; Orr, Maureen; Kapil, Vikas] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tsongas, Theodora; Leiker, Richard] Environm Toxicol Sect, Off Environm Publ Hlth, Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Salem, OR 97323 USA. RP Orr, M (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Surveillance & Registries Branch, 447 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM morr@cdc.gov FU ATSDR CDC HHS [5 U61 TS074151-04] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e318166861c PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GW UT WOS:000207521100007 PM 18525373 ER PT J AU Thacker, MTF Lee, R Sabogal, RI Henderson, A AF Thacker, Maria T. F. Lee, Robin Sabogal, Raquel I. Henderson, Alden TI Overview of deaths associated with natural events, United States, 1979-2004 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE cold; death rate; food; heat; lightning; mortality; storms ID HEAT-RELATED DEATHS; WAVE; MORTALITY; CHICAGO; MORBIDITY; INJURIES AB Analysis of the National Center for Health Statistics' Compressed Mortality File showed that between 1979 and 2004, natural events caused 21,491 deaths in the United States. During this 26-year period, there were 10,827 cold-related deaths and 5,279 heat-related deaths. Extreme cold or heat accounted for 75 per cent of the total number of deaths attributed to natural events- more than all of deaths resulting from lightning, storms and foods, and earth movements, such as earthquakes and landslides. Cold-related death rates were highest in the states of Alaska, Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota, while heat-related deaths were highest in the states of Arizona, Missouri, and Arkansas. These deaths occurred more often among the elderly and black men. Other deaths were attributed to lightning (1,906), storms and foods (2,741), and earth movements (738). Most deaths associated with natural events are preventable and society can take action to decrease the morbidity and mortality connected with them. C1 [Thacker, Maria T. F.; Lee, Robin; Henderson, Alden] Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sabogal, Raquel I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Henderson, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AHenderson@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2008.01041.X PG 13 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 283AT UT WOS:000254609600008 PM 18380857 ER PT J AU Wilder, AP Eisen, RJ Bearden, SW Montenieri, JA Tripp, DW Brinkerhoff, RJ Gage, KL Antolin, MF AF Wilder, Aryn P. Eisen, Rebecca J. Bearden, Scott W. Montenieri, John A. Tripp, Daniel W. Brinkerhoff, R. Jory Gage, Kenneth L. Antolin, Michael F. TI Transmission efficiency of two flea species (Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta) involved in plague epizootics among prairie dogs SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE prairie dog; flea; plague; seasonality; insecticidal dusting ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; SIPHONAPTERA; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; PULICIDAE; DELTAMETHRIN; OUTBREAKS; DYNAMICS AB Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is an exotic disease in North America circulating predominantly in wild populations of rodents and their fleas. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are highly susceptible to infection, often experiencing mortality of nearly all individuals in a town as a result of plague. The fleas of black-tailed prairie dogs are Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta. We tested the efficiency of O. tuberculata cynomuris to transmit Y. pestis daily from 24 to 96 h postinfection and compared it to previously collected data for O. hirsuta. We found that O. tuberculata cynomuris has over threefold greater transmission efficiency (0.18 infected fleas transmit Y. pestis at 24 h postinfection) than O. hirsuta (0.05 fleas transmit). Using a simple model of flea-borne transmission, we combine these laboratory measurements with field data on monthly flea loads to compare the seasonal vectorial capacity of these two flea species. Coinciding with seasonal patterns of flea abundance, we find a peak in potential for flea-borne transmission in March, during high O. tuberculata cynomuris abundance, and in September-October when O. hirsuta is common. Our findings may be useful in determining the timing of insecticidal dusting to slow plague transmission in black-tailed prairie dogs. C1 [Wilder, Aryn P.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Bearden, Scott W.; Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Wilder, Aryn P.; Tripp, Daniel W.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brinkerhoff, R. Jory] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilder, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM apwilder@lamar.colostate.edu RI Brinkerhoff, Jory/I-9364-2012 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [EID 0327052]; Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research [DEB 0217631]; National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) STAR [R-82909101-0]; NSF/NIH [DEB-0224328] FX We thank C. T. Webb, W. C. Black IV, A. M. Meyer, and D.J. Salkeld for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript, and A. B. Markeson for collection of flea load data. S. K. Collinge and C. Ray provided valuable methodological advice regarding prairie dog trapping and flea collection. Transmission studies were supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Flea load data collection was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases program (EID 0327052) to M. F. A. and K. L. G., and Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (DEB 0217631) to Colorado State University. Funding to R.J.B. was provided by the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) STAR program of the US-EPA (R-82909101-0) and the NSF/NIH joint program in Ecology of Infectious Diseases (DEB-0224328). NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0165-1 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 348BX UT WOS:000259187100010 PM 18787922 ER PT J AU Payungporn, S Crawford, PC Kouo, TS Chen, LM Pompey, J Castleman, WL Dubovi, EJ Katz, JM Donis, RO AF Payungporn, Sunchai Crawford, P. Cynda Kouo, Theodore S. Chen, Li-mei Pompey, Justine Castleman, William L. Dubovi, Edward J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Donis, Ruben O. TI Influenza a virus (H3N8) in dogs with respiratory disease, Florida SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; SELECTION; EVOLUTION AB In 2004, canine influenza virus subtype H3N8 emerged in greyhounds in the United States. Subsequent serologic evidence indicated virus circulation in dog breeds other than greyhounds, but the virus had not been isolated from affected animals. In 2005, we conducted virologic investigation of 7 nongreyhound dogs that died from respiratory disease in Florida and isolated influenza subtype H3N8 virus. Antigenic and genetic analysis of A/canine/Jacksonville/2005 (H3N8) and A/canine/Miami/2005 (H3N8) found similarity to earlier isolates from greyhounds, which indicates that canine influenza viruses are not restricted to greyhounds. The hemagglutinin contained 5 conserved amino acid differences that distinguish canine from equine lineages. The antigenic homogeneity of the canine viruses suggests that measurable antigenic drift has not yet occurred. Continued surveillance and antigenic analyses should monitor possible emergence of antigenic variants of canine influenza virus. C1 [Payungporn, Sunchai; Kouo, Theodore S.; Chen, Li-mei; Pompey, Justine; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crawford, P. Cynda; Castleman, William L.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Payungporn, Sunchai] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 14 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 902 EP 908 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100005 PM 18507900 ER PT J AU Rodwell, TC Moore, M Moser, KS Brodine, SK Strathdee, SA AF Rodwell, Timothy C. Moore, Marisa Moser, Kathleen S. Brodine, Stephanie K. Strathdee, Steffanie A. TI Tuberculosis from Mycobacterium bovis in binational communities, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SAN-DIEGO COUNTY; MEXICO; CALIFORNIA; RECOVERY; DISEASE; CATTLE; BORDER AB The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States is changing as the incidence of disease becomes more concentrated in foreign-born persons. Mycobacterium bovis appears to be contributing substantially to the TB incidence in some binational communities with ties to Mexico. We conducted a retrospective analysis of TB case surveillance data from the San Diego, California, region from 1994 through 2005 to estimate incidence trends, identify correlates of M. bovis disease, and evaluate risk factors for deaths during treatment. M. bovis accounted for 45% (62/138) of all culture-positive TB cases in children (< 15 years of age) and 6% (203/3,153) of adult cases. M. bovis incidence increased significantly (p = 0.002) while M. tuberculosis incidence declined (p < 0.001). Almost all M. bovis cases from 2001 through 2005 were in persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Persons with M. bovis were 2.55x (p = 0.01) as likely to die during treatment than those with M. tuberculosis. C1 [Rodwell, Timothy C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moore, Marisa; Moser, Kathleen S.] Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Moore, Marisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Diego, CA USA. [Brodine, Stephanie K.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Rodwell, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, Sch Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM trodwell@ucsd.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [T32 DA023356, T32 DA023356-04]; NIMHD NIH HHS [L60 MD001952] NR 33 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 909 EP 916 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100006 PM 18507901 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Petersen, JM Higgins, CL Wong, D Levy, CE Mead, PS Schriefer, ME Griffith, KS Gage, KL Ben Beard, C AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Petersen, Jeannine M. Higgins, Charles L. Wong, David Levy, Craig E. Mead, Paul S. Schriefer, Martin E. Griffith, Kevin S. Gage, Kenneth L. Ben Beard, C. TI Persistence of Yersinia pestis in soil under natural conditions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL; FOCI AB As part of a fatal human plague case investigation, we showed that the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, can survive for at least 24 days in contaminated soil under natural conditions. These results have implications for defining plague foci, persistence, transmission, and bioremediation after a natural or intentional exposure to Y. pestis. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Mead, Paul S.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Griffith, Kevin S.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Ben Beard, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Petersen, Jeannine M.; Higgins, Charles L.; Wong, David] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Levy, Craig E.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rjeisen@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 941 EP 943 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100013 PM 18507908 ER PT J AU Shields, JM Gleim, ER Beach, MJ AF Shields, Joan M. Gleim, Elizabeth R. Beach, Michael J. TI Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in swimming pools, Atlanta, Georgia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; INACTIVATION; WATER; RADIATION; CHLORINE; OZONE AB Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis have been found in swimming pool filter backwash during outbreaks. To determine baseline prevalence, we sampled pools not associated with outbreaks and found that of 160 sampled pools, 13 (8.1%) were positive for 1 or both parasites; 10 (6.2%) for Giardia sp., 2 (1.2%) for Cryptosporidium spp., and 1 (0.6%) for both. C1 [Shields, Joan M.; Gleim, Elizabeth R.; Beach, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Shields, Joan M.] CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shields, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jshields1@cdc.gov OI Gleim, Elizabeth/0000-0001-9380-4689 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 948 EP 950 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100015 PM 18507911 ER PT J AU Egorova, S Timinouni, M Demartin, M Granier, SA Whichard, JM Sangal, V Fabre, L Delaune, A Pardos, M Millemann, Y Espie, E Achtman, M Grimont, PAD Weill, FX AF Egorova, Svetlana Timinouni, Mohammed Demartin, Marie Granier, Sophie A. Whichard, Jean M. Sangal, Vartul Fabre, Laetitia Delaune, Aurelia Pardos, Maria Millemann, Yves Espie, Emmanuelle Achtman, Mark Grimont, Patrick A. D. Weill, Francois-Xavier TI Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, France SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; EMERGENCE; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain that produces CMY-2 beta-lactamase (Newport MDR-AmpC) was the source of sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans in France during 2000-2005. Because this strain was not detected in food animals, it was most likely introduced into France through imported food products. C1 [Weill, Francois-Xavier] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Salmonella, Lab Bacteries Pathogenes Enter, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Granier, Sophie A.] Agence Francaise Secur Sanit Aliments, Maisons Alfort, France. [Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sangal, Vartul; Achtman, Mark] Max Planck Inst Infekt Biol, Berlin, Germany. [Espie, Emmanuelle] Inst Veille Sanit, St Maurice, France. [Millemann, Yves] Ecole Natl Vet, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France. [Achtman, Mark] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland. [Egorova, Svetlana] Inst Pasteur, Lab Intestinal Infect, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Weill, FX (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Salmonella, Lab Bacteries Pathogenes Enter, 28 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM fxweill@pasteur.fr OI Sangal, Vartul/0000-0002-7405-8446; MILLEMANN, Yves/0000-0001-5442-7016; Weill, Francois-Xavier/0000-0001-9941-5799; Achtman, Mark/0000-0001-6815-0070 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 954 EP 957 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100017 PM 18507913 ER PT J AU Ghosh, TS Patnaik, JL Alden, NB Vogt, RL AF Ghosh, Tista S. Patnaik, Jennifer L. Alden, Nisha B. Vogt, Richard L. TI Internet-versus telephone-based local outbreak investigations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We compared 5 locally conducted, Internet-based outbreak investigations with 5 telephone-based investigations. Internet-based surveys required less completion time, and response rates were similar for both investigation methods. Participant satisfaction with Internet-based surveys was high. C1 [Ghosh, Tista S.; Patnaik, Jennifer L.; Alden, Nisha B.; Vogt, Richard L.] Tri Cty Hlth Dept, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. [Ghosh, Tista S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghosh, TS (reprint author), Tri Cty Hlth Dept, 7000 E Belleview Ave,Suite 301, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. EM tghosh@tchd.org NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 975 EP 977 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100023 PM 18507919 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM Drotman, DP AF Hughes, James M. Drotman, D. Peter TI In memoriam - Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Hughes, James M.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Drotman, D. Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dental Sch Bldg,1462 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop 1370-, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmhughe@emory.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 981 EP 983 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100025 PM 18507922 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Haynes, LM Miao, CR Harcourt, JL Rupprecht, CE Ksiazek, TG Hyde, TB Fry, AM Anderson, LJ AF Stockman, Lauren J. Haynes, Lia M. Miao, Congrong Harcourt, Jennifer L. Rupprecht, Charles E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Hyde, Terri B. Fry, Alicia M. Anderson, Larry J. TI Coronavirus antibodies in bat biologists SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; PROTEIN; SPIKE C1 [Stockman, Lauren J.; Haynes, Lia M.; Miao, Congrong; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Hyde, Terri B.; Fry, Alicia M.; Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stockman, Lauren J.; Miao, Congrong; Harcourt, Jennifer L.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lstockman@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100035 PM 18507931 ER PT J AU Nelder, MP Lloyd, JE Loftis, AD Reeves, WK AF Nelder, Mark P. Lloyd, John E. Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. TI Coxiella burnetii in wild-caught filth flies SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID Q-FEVER C1 [Reeves, Will K.] Coll Agr, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Nelder, Mark P.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Lloyd, John E.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Coll Agr, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Dept 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM will.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1004 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100037 PM 18507933 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "As the Dew Is Dried Up by the Morning Sun, So Are Mankind's Sins at the Sight of Himalaya" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1010 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100040 PM 18507939 ER PT J AU Apelberg, BJ Goldman, LR Halden, RU Witter, FR Herbstman, JB Needham, LL AF Apelberg, Benjamin J. Goldman, Lynn R. Halden, Rolf U. Witter, Frank R. Herbstman, Julie B. Needham, Larry L. TI Perfluoroalkane acids: Apelberg et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID MATERNAL PLASMA-VOLUME; HORMONAL CHANGES; WOMEN C1 [Apelberg, Benjamin J.; Goldman, Lynn R.; Halden, Rolf U.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Witter, Frank R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Herbstman, Julie B.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Apelberg, BJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM Lgoldman@jhsph.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP A238 EP A239 DI 10.1289/ehp.11036R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100004 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Keck, J Ram, PK Crump, JA Miller, MA Mintz, ED AF Gupta, S. K. Keck, J. Ram, P. K. Crump, J. A. Miller, M. A. Mintz, E. D. TI Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; ETIOLOGIC AGENTS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; CLINICAL-FEATURES AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 population-based Studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) Countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak incidence of ETEC appeared to Occur between ages 6 and 18 months. A median of 14% (range 2-36%.) of diarrhoeal specimens were positive for ETEC in 19 facility-and population-based studies conducted In all age groups and 13% (range 3-39 %) in 51 studies conducted in children only. Heat-labile toxin (LT)-ETEC is thought to be less likely to cause disease than heat-stable toxin (ST)-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC. Because population-based Studies involve enhanced clinical management of patients and facility-based studies include only the most severe illnesses, reliable data on complications and mortality from ETEC infections Was unavailable. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of ETEC incidence, complications and mortality, large population-based studies combined with facility-based Studies covering a majority of the corresponding population are needed, especially in low-HDI Countries. Moreover, a standard molecular definition of ETEC infection is needed to be able to compare results across Study sites. C1 [Gupta, S. K.; Crump, J. A.; Mintz, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keck, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ram, P. K.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Miller, M. A.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), CDC Global AIDS Program Cent Amer & Panama, Apartado Postal 3013, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. EM scg7@cdc.gov FU U.S. National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [32143] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center and by grant number 32143 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 'Assessment of diarrhoea disease burden and public health programs to control diarrhoea in Asian Subcontinent and Africa NR 107 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 721 EP 738 DI 10.1017/S095026880700934X PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GH UT WOS:000259198500001 PM 17686197 ER PT J AU Palmas, W Ma, SG Jacobs, DR Arnett, D Jackson, S Olson, J Saad, MF Kronmal, R Kramer, H Barr, RG AF Palmas, Walter Ma, Shuangge Jacobs, David R., Jr. Arnett, Donna Jackson, Sharon Olson, Jean Saad, Mohammed F. Kronmal, Richard Kramer, Holly Barr, R. Graham TI ETHNICITY AND SEX MODIFY THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN WITH MICROALBUMINURIA SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Albuminuria; C-Reactive Protein; Ethnicity; Sex ID URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TYPE-1 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; HYPERTENSIVE MEN; CREATININE RATIO; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP AB Objectives: To study the association between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and urinary albumin excretion in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and to assess whether the association is modified by ethnicity, sex, or systolic blood pressure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 6675 participants who were free from macroalbuminuria and clinical cardiovascular disease (mean age 62.1 years, 53% female; 39% White, 27% African American, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese). Urinary albumin excretion was measured by spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Effect modifications were tested after adjusting for age, diabetes, body mass index, smoking. use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker, other antihypertensive drugs, estrogens, statins, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Results: The association between CRP and ACR was modified by ethnicity (P=.01) and sex (P<.001), but not by systolic blood pressure. After multivariate adjustment, the association remained in Chinese, African American, and Hispanic men and African American women (P<.02 for African American men, and P<.04 for the other subgroups). Conclusions: The association between CRP and ACR was modified by ethnicity and sex; it was stronger in non-White men and African American women. These interactions have not been reported before, and future studies should consider them. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18:324-329) C1 [Palmas, Walter; Barr, R. Graham] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Barr, R. Graham] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Ma, Shuangge; Kronmal, Richard] Univ Washington, Collaborat Hlth Studies Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jacobs, David R., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Jacobs, David R., Jr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Arnett, Donna] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Jackson, Sharon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olson, Jean] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Saad, Mohammed F.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kramer, Holly] Loyola Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Kramer, Holly] Loyola Univ, Dept Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. RP Barr, RG (reprint author), Div Gen Med, 630 W 168th St,PH 9,East 105, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rgb9@columbia.edu OI Kramer, Holly/0000-0002-6374-837X FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166] FX We thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA inveitigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesanhibi.org. This study was supported by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95165, and N01-HC-95166 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 489MC UT WOS:000269423200010 PM 18785447 ER PT J AU Yucesoy, B Johnson, VJ Kissling, GE Fluharty, K Kashon, ML Slaven, J Germolec, D Vallyathan, V Luster, MI AF Yucesoy, B. Johnson, V. J. Kissling, G. E. Fluharty, K. Kashon, M. L. Slaven, J. Germolec, D. Vallyathan, V. Luster, M. I. TI Genetic susceptibility to progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coal miners; cytokines; polymorphism; progressive massive fibrosis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; INDUCED PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; FACTOR-ALPHA; POLYMORPHISMS; LUNG; EXPRESSION; ICAM-1 AB Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with a complex aetiology that can occur after cumulative dust exposure. A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in inflammatory and fibrotic processes modulate the risk of PMF development. The study population consisted of 648 underground coal miners participating in the National Coal Workers Autopsy Study, of which 304 were diagnosed with PMF SNPs that influence the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta 1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes were determined using a 5'-nuclease real-time PCR assay. There were no significant differences in the distribution of any individual SNP or haplotype between the PMF and control groups. However, the polygenotype of VEGF +405/ICAM-1 +241/IL-6 -174 (C-A-G) conferred an increased risk for PMF (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3-8.8). The present study suggests that the examined genetic variations that help regulate inflammatory and fibrotic processes are unlikely to strongly influence susceptibility to this interstitial lung disease, although the role of vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 polymorphisms in the development of progressive massive fibrosis may require further investigation. C1 [Yucesoy, B.; Johnson, V. J.; Fluharty, K.; Luster, M. I.] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kashon, M. L.; Slaven, J.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Vallyathan, V.] NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kissling, G. E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Germolec, D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yucesoy, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM byucesoy@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1183/09031936.00075107 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 312XM UT WOS:000256705700008 PM 18256065 ER PT J AU Crane, LA Daley, MF Barrow, J Babbel, C Stokley, S Dickinson, LM Beaty, BL Steiner, JF Kempe, A AF Crane, Lori A. Daley, Matthew F. Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Stokley, Shannon Dickinson, L. Miriam Beaty, Brenda L. Steiner, John F. Kempe, Allison TI Sentinel physician networks as a technique for rapid immunization policy surveys (vol 31, pg 43, 2008) SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Correction C1 [Crane, Lori A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Dickinson, L. Miriam] Univ Colorado, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Crane, Lori A.; Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Beaty, Brenda L.; Steiner, John F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Crane, Lori A.; Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crane, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 240 EP 240 DI 10.1177/0163278708316933 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 296VR UT WOS:000255574400010 ER PT J AU Cordero, JF Do, A Berry, RJ AF Cordero, Jose F. Do, Ann Berry, R. J. TI Review of interventions for the prevention and control of folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE folate; fortification; supplementation; vitamin B-12 ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; REPRODUCTIVE AGE; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; HEALTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVALENCE AB Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies represent important and evolving global health challenges that contribute to the global burden of anemia, neurologic conditions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and birth defects. We present a review of population-based programs designed to increase consumption of folates and vitamin B-12. A folic acid supplementation program targeting couples prior to marriage in China has led to optimal consumption of supplements containing folic acid and a significant reduction of neural tube defects (NTD). Supplementation programs that use mass community education show some promise, but have not been shown to be as effective as targeted education. The success of supplementation programs hinges on a strong and persistent educational component and access to the supplements. Fortification with folic acid has been shown to reduce the prevalence of NTD in the countries where it has been implemented. Challenges to fortification programs include identifying the appropriate delivery vehicles, setting the optimal fortification level, sustaining the quality assurance of the fortification level, and addressing regulatory challenges and trade barriers of commercially fortified flours. Supplementation and fortification are cost-effective and viable approaches to reducing the burden of NTD, anemia, and other conditions resulting from folate deficiency. The experience with interventions involving folic acid could provide a model for the subsequent development of supplementation and fortification programs involving vitamin B-12. C1 [Cordero, Jose F.; Do, Ann; Berry, R. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cordero, JF (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Publ Hlth, Med Sci Campus,POB 365067, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM jcordero@rcm.upr.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 SU S BP S188 EP S195 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 323EC UT WOS:000257425800021 PM 18709892 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIONS C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9996 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 317UL UT WOS:000257045600001 PM 18773516 ER PT J AU Ailes, E Demma, L Hurd, S Hatch, J Jones, TF Vugia, D Cronquist, A Tobin-D'Angelo, M Larson, K Laine, E Edge, K Zansky, S Scallan, E AF Ailes, Elizabeth Demma, Linda Hurd, Sharon Hatch, Julie Jones, Timothy F. Vugia, Duc Cronquist, Alicia Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa Larson, Kirsten Laine, Ellen Edge, Karen Zansky, Shelley Scallan, Elaine TI Continued decline in the incidence of Campylobacter infections, FoodNet 1996-2006 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; NEW-ZEALAND; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE; ENGLAND; JEJUNI; SITES AB Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. In the United States, changes in the incidence of culture-confirmed Campylobacter infections have been monitored by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) since 1996. In 2006, the incidence of culture-confirmed Campylobacter infection in the FoodNet sites was 12.7 per 100,000 persons. This represents a 30% decline (95% confidence = 35% to 24%. decrease) compared to the 1996-1998 illness baseline; however, most of the decline occurred between 1996 and 1999 and the incidence still remains above the national health objective. Important declines were observed in four FoodNet sites (California, Connecticut, Georgia, and Maryland), all age groups, and both sexes. To promote continued progress towards achieving the national health objective, the epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in the United States, including geographic variation and higher incidence among the very young, warrants further study. C1 [Ailes, Elizabeth] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Demma, Linda; Scallan, Elaine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hurd, Sharon] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Hatch, Julie] Oregon State Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Vugia, Duc] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Cronquist, Alicia] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Larson, Kirsten] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Laine, Ellen] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Edge, Karen] New Mexico Emerging Infect Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Zansky, Shelley] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Ailes, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ecailes@sph.emory.edu NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0090 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 317UL UT WOS:000257045600012 PM 18767978 ER PT J AU Lott, TJ Scarborough, RT AF Lott, Timothy J. Scarborough, Robin T. TI Development of a MLST-biased SNP microarray for Candida albicans SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; SNP; microarray; genetics ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; HUMAN COMMENSAL YEAST; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AZOLE RESISTANCE; STRAIN MAINTENANCE; SEQUENCE; REVEALS; CA3; HETEROZYGOSITY; LOCUS AB We have developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection microarray for the human pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, consisting of synthetic oligonucleotides bound to microscope slides. The array consists of multiple replicates of 79 SNPs, derived from 19 discrete loci located on all eight chromosomes. These loci include seven genes consisting of 57 SNPs that comprise a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) consensus scheme for the species. The remaining 22 SNPs are from 12 additional loci located at intervals on the remaining chromosomes. In order to include highly informative polymorphisms from the MLST set on the array we performed a linkage analysis of major genotypes between the two pairs of MLST-linked genes. In addition, we performed a matched-set analysis for each SNP located within individual MLST loci. This analysis resulted in the reduction of informatively redundant mutations in the array for a large percentage of strains. We believe that a SNP array will be helpful in extending our knowledge of the epidemiology and genetics of C albicans as a supplement to MLST typing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lott, Timothy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scarborough, Robin T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Div, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lott, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Bldg 17-2050 Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tjill@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.01.005 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 307KL UT WOS:000256317700002 PM 18334305 ER PT J AU McGovern, MM Elles, R Ronchi, E Boone, J Lubin, IM AF McGovern, Margaret M. Elles, Rob Ronchi, Elettra Boone, Joe Lubin, Ira M. TI Molecular genetic testing in the United States: Comparison with international practice SO GENETIC TESTING LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; LABORATORIES AB Objective: To compare data on the practices of molecular genetic testing (MGT) in laboratories in the United States with those in 18 other countries. Methods: A Web-based survey of MGT laboratory directors (n = 827; response rate 63%) in 18 countries on three continents was carried out, and the response from U. S. laboratories compared to all others. Quality assurance and reporting indices were developed and calculated for each responding laboratory. Results: A comparison of U. S. results with all other countries identified differences in laboratory setting, personnel qualifications, and the specific tests being offered, but similar rates of adherence to MGT quality standards and reporting practices were found. The survey also documented substantial trans-border flow of specimens, most commonly due to the lack of availability of the test in the United States or because the test was available only through a research protocol, highlighting the need for common reporting and practice guidelines for the international MGT community. Conclusion: The findings presented here provide further support for the need to consider the application of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines and the establishment of compatible accreditation programs or equivalent mechanisms across national borders to ensure the quality of laboratory services and the clinical usefulness of molecular genetic test reports for referred specimens. C1 [McGovern, Margaret M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Elles, Rob] Natl Genet Reference Lab, Manchester, England. [Ronchi, Elettra] Organizat Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. [Boone, Joe; Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGovern, MM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, HSC T11,Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM margaret.mcgovern@stonybrook.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [5 U10 CD 224489-03] NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1090-6576 J9 GENET TEST JI Genet. Test. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1089/gte.2007.0087 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 314VL UT WOS:000256837200004 PM 18407746 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Kennedy, A Wolfe, S Sheedy, K Nguyen, C Campbell, S AF Gust, Deborah A. Kennedy, Allison Wolfe, Skip Sheedy, Kris Nguyen, Chau Campbell, Scott TI Developing tailored immunization materials for concerned mothers SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EDUCATIONAL-MATERIALS; DECISION-MAKING; HEALTH-CARE; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; KNOWLEDGE AB The objectives of this study were to (i) identify 'Worried' and 'Fencesitter' mothers through the use of screening questions; (ii) obtain detailed information from participants about their attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccines and their interactions with their child's main health care provider, including availability of immunization information; (iii) solicit comments on draft educational materials that were developed specifically for this study and (iv) solicit comments on revised educational materials. Focus groups of mothers were conducted in two phases (Phase 1: n = 17 groups; Phase 2: n = 12 groups) and in three cities across the United States. Phase 1 focus group discussions suggested that perceived necessity and safety of vaccines contributed to mothers' attitudes about having their child receive immunizations. Participants relied on their children's main health care provider for immunization information; however, mothers often perceived that providers did not supply enough information about vaccinations. In Phase 2, comments on the revised educational materials (brochures) were generally positive, with many mothers noting that the new brochures provided more relevant information and conveyed it in a respectful way. Science-based tailored immunization materials may assist health care providers in addressing unique information needs and may improve vaccine acceptance among specific types of mothers. C1 [Gust, Deborah A.; Kennedy, Allison; Wolfe, Skip; Sheedy, Kris; Campbell, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nguyen, Chau] Logist Hlth Inc, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1093/her/cym065 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306VE UT WOS:000256275100013 PM 17959583 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SC Grefsheim, SF Rankin, JA AF Whitmore, Susan C. Grefsheim, Suzanne F. Rankin, Jocelyn A. TI Informationist programme in support of biomedical research: a programme description and preliminary findings of an evaluation SO HEALTH INFORMATION AND LIBRARIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-SCIENCES LIBRARY; KNOWLEDGE; SERVICE; MODEL AB Background: The informationist programme at the Library of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD, USA has grown to 14 informationists working with 40 clinical and basic science research teams. Purpose: This case report, intended to contribute to the literature on informationist programmes, describes the NIH informationist programme, including implementation experiences, the informationists' training programme, their job responsibilities and programme outcomes. Brief description: The NIH informationist programme was designed to enhance the library's service capacity. Over time, the steps for introducing the service to new groups were formalized to ensure support by leadership, the team being served and the library. Job responsibilities also evolved from traditional library roles to a wide range of knowledge management activities. The commitment by the informationist, the team and the library to continuous learning is critical to the programme's success. Results/outcomes: NIH scientists reported that informationists saved them time and contributed to teamwork with expert searching and point-of-need instruction. Process evaluation helped refine the programme. Evaluation method: High-level, preliminary outcomes were identified from a survey of scientists receiving informationist services, along with key informant interviews. Process evaluation examined service implementation, informationists' training and service components. Anecdotal evidence has also indicated a favourable response to the programme. C1 [Whitmore, Susan C.] US Natl Inst Hlth, NIH Lib, Informat & Educ Serv Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rankin, Jocelyn A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Lib & Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitmore, SC (reprint author), US Natl Inst Hlth, NIH Lib, Informat & Educ Serv Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM whitmors@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0010119254] NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-1834 EI 1471-1842 J9 HEALTH INFO LIBR J JI Heatlth Info. Libr. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2007.00756.x PG 7 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 304HK UT WOS:000256100400007 PM 18494648 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, G. A. TI Epidemiology of stroke and high blood pressure in Africa SO HEART LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; EDUCATION-PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; WEST-AFRICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTING STROKE; BLACK-POPULATION; HYPERTENSION; URBAN AB Stroke and high blood pressure are major causes of death and disability worldwide. Although comprehensive stroke surveillance data for Africa are lacking, the available data show that age-standardised mortality, case fatality and prevalence of disabling stroke in Africa are similar to or higher than those measures in most high-income regions. In Africa, more than 90% of patients with haemorrhagic stroke and more than half with ischaemic stroke are found to have high blood pressure. However, awareness of hypertension and its prevention, treatment and control remain very low in Africa even though recent surveys show an increasing prevalence of the disease consistent with the nutritional and epidemiological transition in the region. Renewed emphasis on improved surveillance and the prevention and control of high blood pressure and stroke in Africa is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 69 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 5 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1355-6037 EI 1468-201X J9 HEART JI Heart PD JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1136/hrt.2007.127753 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 300ZP UT WOS:000255864800007 PM 18308869 ER PT J AU Hughes, JL Nolder, CL Nowalk, AJ Clifton, DR Howison, RR Schmit, VL Gilmore, RD Carroll, JA AF Hughes, Jessica L. Nolder, Christi L. Nowalk, Andrew J. Clifton, Dawn R. Howison, Rebekah R. Schmit, Virginia L. Gilmore, Robert D., Jr. Carroll, James A. TI Borrelia burgdorferi surface-localized proteins expressed during persistent murine infection are conserved among diverse Borrelia spp. SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; RPOS REGULATORY PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; FACTOR-H; ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION; MAMMALIAN INFECTION; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; STRESS-RESPONSE AB Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States, regulates numerous genes encoding lipoproteins on linear plasmid 54 in response to environmental cues. We analyzed a subset of these genes/proteins that were historically categorized as paralogous gene family 54 (BBA64, BBA65, BBA66, BBA68, BBA69, BBA70, BBA71, and BBA73) and found that the expression of several genes was influenced by the sigma(N)-sigma(S) regulatory cascade at the level of transcription and protein synthesis. Moreover, we established in this and a previous study that BBA65, BBA66, BBA69, BBA71, and BBA73 are temporally expressed during persistent infection of immunocompetent mice, as determined by quantitative real time-PCR of ear tissue, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and by, immunoblotting. Correspondingly, BBA65, BBA66, BBA71, and BBA73 proteins were detectable in infectious B. burgdorferi B31 isolates but undetectable in noninfectious isolates. BBA65, BBA66, BBA71, and BBA73 proteins were also found to partition into the Triton X-114 detergent phase and were sensitive to protease treatment of intact cells, indicating that they are membrane associated and surface localized. Lastly, Southern blotting and PCR with specific gene primer/probes for BBA64, BBA65, BBA66, BBA71, and BBA73 suggest that many of these genes are conserved among the B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates and the relapsing-fever Borrelia species. Together, the data presented suggest that these genes may play a part in Borrelia infection and/or pathogenicity that could extend beyond the sensu lato group. C1 [Hughes, Jessica L.; Nolder, Christi L.; Nowalk, Andrew J.; Clifton, Dawn R.; Carroll, James A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Hughes, Jessica L.; Nolder, Christi L.; Nowalk, Andrew J.; Clifton, Dawn R.; Carroll, James A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Howison, Rebekah R.; Schmit, Virginia L.; Gilmore, Robert D., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, W1145 Biomed Sci Tower,200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jcarroll@pitt.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [CI000181, U01 CI000181]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI060525, AI37256, R01 AI049003, T32 AI060525]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD042987, T32 HD042987] NR 94 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 76 IS 6 BP 2498 EP 2511 DI 10.1128/IAI.01583-07 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 304SH UT WOS:000256128900025 PM 18390998 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Adrianne, H Jones, R Jarrett, J Berner, J Rubin, CS AF Patel, Manish M. Adrianne, Holmes Jones, Robert Jarrett, Jeff Berner, James Rubin, Carol S. TI Use of lead isotope ratios to identify sources of lead exposure in Alaska Natives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lead shot; lead isotope; lead; human; birds; seabirds ID HUMAN DIET; SHOT; BLOOD; GREENLAND; SEABIRDS AB Objectives. Although banned nationwide for waterfowl hunting, lead shot is still used for hunting in regions of Alaska. Consumption of birds hunted with lead shot may be a route of human lead exposure in susceptible populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Alaskan health officials conducted a cross-sectional exposure assessment and used isotope ratios (IR) to test that assumption. Study Design. Cross-sectional exposure assessment study. Methods. We compared isotopic profiles of blood lead in Alaska Native women from Bethel (n=10) and Barrow (n=10) to lead shot samples purchased from the respective regions. To evaluate the source of lead for the buckshot, we evaluated IR profiles for lead mineral and ore from a smelter in Torreon, Mexico, a suspected source of origin for the lead. Results. The lead IRs for the blood lead differed significantly from the lead shot IRs (p< 0.001); thus, lead shot is unlikely to be the sole source of lead exposure of public health significance in participants of this study. Overlap in IRs for the lead shot and blood lead existed for 6 (30%) of the women from Bethel and Barrow; however, no correlation was noted between lead levels and the IRs for the blood lead. IR profiles for lead mineral and ore from Mexico were substantially different from the IRs of lead shot from Alaska, confirming that buckshot in this study is unlikely to originate from the Mexican smelter. Conclusions. Lead shot from the manufacturer in this study does not appear to be the sole source of lead exposure in most participants; nonetheless, lead shot could yet be a potential source of exposure in some populations, possibly those whose diet consists of game hunted with lead shot. C1 [Patel, Manish M.; Adrianne, Holmes; Rubin, Carol S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jones, Robert; Jarrett, Jeff] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. [Berner, James] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Board, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpatel@cdc.gov OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBL PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328CW UT WOS:000257776200011 PM 18767346 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Mastro, TD AF Lansky, Amy Mastro, Timothy D. TI Using respondent-driven sampling for behavioural surveillance: Response to Scott SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRUG-USERS; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM C1 [Lansky, Amy; Mastro, Timothy D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ALansky@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 241 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.03.004 PG 3 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 317BA UT WOS:000256992900015 PM 18439811 ER PT J AU Gaab, J Ditzen, B Hammerfald, K Nater, U Ehlert, U AF Gaab, Jens Ditzen, Beate Hammerfald, Karin Nater, Urs Ehlert, Ulrikd TI Treatment options in stress-related disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gaab, Jens] Univ Zurich, Inst Klin Psychol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ditzen, Beate; Hammerfald, Karin; Ehlert, Ulrikd] Univ Zurich, Clin Psychol & PT, Zurich, Switzerland. [Nater, Urs] Ctr Dis Control, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 349EO UT WOS:000259264304418 ER PT J AU Nater, U Reeves, W Heim, C AF Nater, Urs Reeves, William Heim, Christine TI The relationship between stress and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): A population-based approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nater, Urs; Reeves, William] Ctr Dis Control, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 349EO UT WOS:000259264304416 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Grosch, J Chen, X Chrislip, D Petersen, M Muntaner, C AF Alterman, Toni Grosch, James Chen, Xiao Chrislip, David Petersen, Martin Muntaner, Carles TI Linkage of job characteristics and depression in a national health survey in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alterman, Toni] CDC, NIOSH DSHEFS SB, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Grosch, James; Chen, Xiao; Chrislip, David] NIOSH, CDC, DART, Natl Inst Occupat, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Petersen, Martin] NIOSH, DSHEFS, CDC, Natl Inst Occupat, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Muntaner, Carles] Univ Toronto, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. RI Muntaner, C/A-5043-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 349EO UT WOS:000259264305641 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Li, J Steege, A Petersen, M Muntaner, C AF Alterman, Toni Li, Jia Steege, Andrea Petersen, Martin Muntaner, Carles TI Mental health and work in a national survey of farm managers in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alterman, Toni] CDC, NIOSH DSHEFS SB, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Li, Jia] SRA, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Steege, Andrea] Natl Inst Occupat, CDC, NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Muntaner, Carles] Univ Toronto, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. RI Muntaner, C/A-5043-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 779 EP 779 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 349EO UT WOS:000259264309236 ER PT J AU Sosa, LE Lobato, MN Condren, T Williams, MN Hadler, JL AF Sosa, L. E. Lobato, M. N. Condren, T. Williams, M. N. Hadler, J. L. TI Outbreak of tuberculosis in a correctional facility: consequences of missed opportunities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; outbreaks; prisons; diagnosis ID COMMUNITY; JAIL AB In May 2006, the Department of Public Health investigated a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak at a correctional facility after two recently discharged inmates were diagnosed with TB. Based on epidemiological and genotyping data, one infectious patient was determined to be the source of infection for the other. Despite prolonged symptoms and abnormal chest radiographs, the index patient was not diagnosed while incarcerated. Among the estimated 910 exposed inmates tested, 53 (5.8%) had newly positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). Ten (2.1%) of 485 corrections staff tested converted their TSTs. This investigation highlights the consequences of missed TB diagnoses in prisons. C1 [Sosa, L. E.; Condren, T.; Williams, M. N.; Hadler, J. L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Sosa, L. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lobato, M. N.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sosa, LE (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, 401 Capitol Ave,MS 11,POB 340308, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM lynn.sosa@ct.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 307NT UT WOS:000256326300020 PM 18492339 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Hanson, DL Brooks, JT AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Hanson, Debra L. Brooks, John T. TI Impact on hemoglobin of starting combination antiretroviral therapy with or without zidovudine in anemic HIV-infected patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE anemia; HIV; zidovudine ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MILITARY PERSONNEL; REFERENCE VALUES; IRON-DEFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; REGIMENS; SPECTRUM AB Objective: To evaluate, among anemic patients with HIV, the impact on hemoglobin (Hb) of initiating zidovudine (AZT)-containing and non-AZT-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods: We used medical records data collected in I I US cities from 1998 to 2004. Baseline anemia was described as mild (10 < Hb <= 12 [women] or 14 [men] g/dL), moderate (8 < Hb <= 10 g/dL), or severe (Hb <= 8 g/dL). Improvement of anemia was a >= 1-g/dL increase in Hb, with a decrease in categoric severity. We excluded patients previously treated with erythropoietin or transfusion, and used Cox proportional hazards regression to describe factors associated with hazard of improvement of anemia. Results: For 1620 patients initiating cART, more than half (54%) of patients had improvement of anemia. Time to improvement of anemia was longer for those initiating AZT-containing regimens and blacks and was shorter for those with moderate and severe anemia or CD4 counts <200 cells/mu L. Conclusions: Most anemic patients initiating cART (with or without AZT) had increases in Hb-especially those with more severe anemia or immunosuppression. Initiation of AZT-containing cART may be considered, even for patients with preexisting anemia; however, improvement of anemia may be delayed for black patients and for patients with mild disease. C1 [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Hanson, Debra L.; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181685714 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 306WO UT WOS:000256278800007 PM 18285710 ER PT J AU Sanguanwongse, N Cain, KP Suriya, P Nateniyom, S Yamada, N Wattanaamornkiat, W Sumnapan, S Sattayawuthipong, W Kaewsa-Ard, S Ingkaseth, S Varma, JK AF Sanguanwongse, Natpatou Cain, Kevin P. Suriya, Patcharin Nateniyom, Sriprapa Yamada, Norio Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen Sumnapan, Surin Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Kaewsa-ard, Samroui Ingkaseth, Sakon Varma, Jay K. TI Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected tuberculosis patients saves lives but needs to be used more frequently in Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; Thailand mortality; propensity scores ID CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; CHI-MINH CITY; PROPENSITY SCORES; AFRICAN PATIENTS; AIDS; PRACTITIONERS; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; VIETNAM AB Introduction: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients in public health programs in resource-limited settings is not well documented due to problems with statistical bias in observational studies. Methods: We measured the impact of ART on survival of HIV-infected TB patients in Thailand using a propensity score analysis that adjusted for factors associated with receiving ART. Results: Of 626 HIV-infected TB patients started on ART during TB treatment, 68 (11%) died compared with 295/643 (46%) of patients not prescribed ART (relative risk 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.19 to 0.30); in patients with very low CD4 (< 10), 12/56 (21 %) patients receiving ART died compared with 35/43 (81%) patients not receiving ART (relative risk 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.44). Patients treated in the private sector and in rural areas were less commonly prescribed ART. After controlling for propensity to receive ART, the hazard ratio for death among patients treated with ART was 0.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.12 to 0.24). Discussion: Patients who received ART had one sixth the risk of death of those not receiving ART. The survival benefit persisted even for those with a very low CD4 count. Expanding use of ART in HIV-infected TB patients will require increasing ART use in the private sector and rural areas. C1 [Cain, Kevin P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sanguanwongse, Natpatou; Kaewsa-ard, Samroui; Varma, Jay K.] Bamrasnaradura Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Suriya, Patcharin; Varma, Jay K.] Thailand MOPH US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Nateniyom, Sriprapa] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Yamada, Norio] Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. [Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Sumnapan, Surin] Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai] Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. [Ingkaseth, Sakon] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318177594e PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 306WO UT WOS:000256278800010 PM 18520676 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Coss, AM Wolkin, AE Flanders, WD Reif, JS AF Backer, Lorraine C. Coss, Angela M. Wolkin, Amy E. Flanders, W. Dana Reif, John S. TI Evaluation of associations between lifetime exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and bladder cancer in dogs SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; URINARY-BLADDER; SCOTTISH-TERRIERS; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; PET DOGS; RISK; MORTALITY; CONSUMPTION AB Objective-To assess the risk of bladder cancer in dogs from exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and determine whether dogs could serve as sentinels for human bladder cancer associated with such exposures. Design-Case-control study. Animals-100 dogs with cancer of the urinary bladder and 100 control dogs Procedures-Case and control dogs were frequency-matched by age (within 2 years) and sex. Owners of dogs enrolled provided verbal informed consent and were interviewed by telephone. The telephone questionnaire included a complete residence history for each dog. Each dog's total exposure history to trilhalomethanes was reconstructed from its residence history and corresponding drinking water utility company data. Results-No association was detected between increasing years of exposure to chlorinated drinking water and risk of bladder cancer. Dogs with bladder cancer were exposed to higher total trihalomethanes concentrations than control dogs; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although humans and their dogs live in the same household, the activity patterns of dogs may lead to lower exposures to household tap water. Thus, although exposure to disinfection by-products in tap water may be a risk factor for human bladder cancer, this may not be true for canine bladder cancer at the concentrations at which dogs are exposed. C1 [Backer, Lorraine C.; Wolkin, Amy E.; Flanders, W. Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Coss, Angela M.; Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770,Buford Hwy NE,MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 11 BP 1663 EP 1668 DI 10.2460/javma.232.11.1663 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 307MW UT WOS:000256324000015 PM 18518807 ER PT J AU Perelman, L Maslia, ML Ostfeld, A Sautner, JB AF Perelman, Lina Maslia, Morris L. Ostfeld, Avi Sautner, Jason B. TI Using aggregation/skeletonization network models for water quality simulations in epidemiologic studies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB With the emphasis in recent years on intentional and nonintentional contamination events and optimal sensor placement, water utility managers are interested in network skeletonization issues because some degree of network simplification or aggregation is required to obtain both hydraulic and water quality results and assessment estimates within reasonable time frames and restrictive budgets. A method has been developed that can simplify complex water distribution system network modeling so that the reduced or simplified network provides reliable results for both pressures and contaminant concentrations. The methodology for network skeletonization presented here is based on both hydraulic and water quality aggregation of an all-pipes network. In this research, the aggregation method was capable of reducing system size by almost half, while still preserving system characteristics in terms of reliably simulating pressures and concentrations. These results demonstrated that even when an aggregated representation of an all-pipes network is used, reliable hydraulic and water quality results can be obtained. Utility managers using a reduced network that is based on the methodology described in the article can be confident that the reliability and robustness of simulated results have not been compromised. C1 [Maslia, Morris L.; Sautner, Jason B.] ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Perelman, Lina] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. [Ostfeld, Avi] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Maslia, ML (reprint author), ATSDR, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmaslia@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 122 EP + PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 313KS UT WOS:000256740100014 ER PT J AU Kroeger, KA AF Kroeger, Karen A. TI Sexual inequalities and social justice SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kroeger, Karen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Kroeger, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO, DEPT ANTHROPOL PI ALBUQUERQUE PA MSC01 1040, ANTHROPOLOGY 1, UNIV NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0091-7710 EI 2153-3806 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 316AP UT WOS:000256921600028 ER PT J AU Youngpairoj, AS Masciotra, S Garrido, C Zahonero, N de Mendoza, C Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Youngpairoj, Ae S. Masciotra, Silvina Garrido, Carolina Zahonero, Natalia de Mendoza, Carmen Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo TI HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from dried blood spots stored for 1 year at 4 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE resistance testing; ViroSeq assay; 903 filter paper ID VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA; FILTER-PAPER; PLASMA; QUANTIFICATION; SAMPLES AB Background: Dried blood spots (DBSs) are an attractive alternative to plasma for HIV-1 drug resistance testing in resource-limited settings. We recently showed that HIV-1 can be efficiently genotyped from DBSs stored at -20 degrees C for prolonged periods (0.5-4 years). Here, we evaluated the efficiency of genotyping from DBSs stored at 4 degrees C for 1 year. Methods: A total of 40 DBSs were prepared from residual diagnostic specimens collected from HIV subtype B-infected persons and were stored with desiccant at 4 degrees C. Total nucleic acids were extracted after 1 year using a modification of the Nuclisens assay. Resistance testing was performed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 assay and an in-house nested RT-PCR method validated for HIV-1 subtype B that amplifies a smaller (1 kb) pol fragment. Results: Using the ViroSeq assay, only 23 of the 40 (57.5%) DBS specimens were successfully genotyped; 22 of these specimens had plasma viraemia > 10 000 RNA copies/mL. When the specimens were tested using the in-house assay, 38 of the 40 DBSs (95%) were successfully genotyped. Overall, resistance genotypes generated from the DBSs and plasma were highly concordant. Conclusions: We show that drug resistance genotyping from DBSs stored at 4 degrees C with desiccant is highly efficient but requires the amplification of small pol fragments and the use of an in-house nested PCR protocol with quality-controlled reagents. These findings suggest that 4 degrees C may represent a suitable temperature for long-term storage of DBSs. C1 [Youngpairoj, Ae S.; Masciotra, Silvina; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIVAIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garrido, Carolina; Zahonero, Natalia; de Mendoza, Carmen] Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIVAIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ggarcia-lerma@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn100 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 305IY UT WOS:000256172900005 PM 18344550 ER PT J AU Zioga, A Whichard, JM Joyce, KJ Tzelepi, E Tzouvelekis, LS Miriagou, V AF Zioga, A. Whichard, J. M. Joyce, K. J. Tzelepi, E. Tzouvelekis, L. S. Miriagou, V. TI Evidence for chromosomal and plasmid location of CMY-2 cephalosporinase gene in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter DE beta-lactamase; cephalosporin; resistance ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; BLA(CMY-2); COLI C1 [Zioga, A.; Tzelepi, E.; Miriagou, V.] Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Bacteriol Lab, Athens, Greece. [Whichard, J. M.; Joyce, K. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tzouvelekis, L. S.] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. RP Miriagou, V (reprint author), Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Bacteriol Lab, Athens, Greece. EM miriagou@pasteur.gr NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1390 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn116 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 305IY UT WOS:000256172900035 PM 18349038 ER PT J AU Hidron, AI Schuetz, AN Nolte, FS Gould, CV Osborn, MK AF Hidron, Alicia I. Schuetz, Audrey N. Nolte, Frederick S. Gould, Carolyn V. Osborn, Melissa K. TI Daptomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis prosthetic valve endocarditis SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter DE emerging resistance; treatment failure; non-susceptible C1 [Hidron, Alicia I.; Gould, Carolyn V.; Osborn, Melissa K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schuetz, Audrey N.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nolte, Frederick S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Gould, Carolyn V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Osborn, MK (reprint author), 550 Peachtree St NE,7th Floor Med Off Tower, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM mkosbor@emory.edu NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1395 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn105 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 305IY UT WOS:000256172900039 PM 18344547 ER PT J AU Decker, K Meyer, K Littlefield, D Thompson, WD AF Decker, Kathryn Meyer, Katie Littlefield, Dwight Thompson, W. Douglas TI Similar asthma prevalence estimates obtained from preadolescent and parent survey responses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; ISAAC; preadolescent; school survey; agreement; prevalence ID QUESTIONNAIRE; DIAGNOSIS; ISAAC; ADOLESCENTS; AGREEMENT; CHILDREN AB Objective: We compared agreement between child and parent responses to questions assessing prevalence of asthma and other severe respiratory symptoms. Study Design and Setting: Fifth-grade children enrolled in public schools and their parents separately completed a health survey, which included respiratory symptom questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Agreement on respiratory symptom questions was assessed with Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Asthma prevalence estimates based on responses to several questions were also compared using child and parent data. The analysis was based on a study sample size of 230 matched parent and child questionnaires. Results: High levels of agreement (Kappa: 0.76 and 0.79) between child and parent responses were observed for current and lifetime asthma, and similar asthma prevalence estimates were obtained from child and parent response data. Five of the questions on potentially severe respiratory symptoms had low to fair levels of agreement (Kappa: -0.01 to 0.38), resulting in statistically significantly different prevalence estimates in three of the five symptoms. Conclusions: Separate parent and child responses to a series of respiratory symptom and asthma questions yielded similar estimates for asthma prevalence but different estimates for the prevalence of several severe respiratory symptoms. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Decker, Kathryn; Meyer, Katie; Thompson, W. Douglas] Univ So Maine, Sch Appl Med Sci, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Decker, Kathryn; Meyer, Katie; Littlefield, Dwight] Maine CDC, Div Chron Dis, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Decker, Kathryn] Maine CDC, Div Family Hlth, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Decker, K (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Sch Appl Med Sci, 11 SHS,244 Water St,2nd Floor, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM kathy.l.decker@maine.gov FU PHS HHS [U59/CCU123178] NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.07.014 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305GB UT WOS:000256164700015 PM 18471666 ER PT J AU Rasheed, JK Biddle, JW Anderson, KF Washer, L Chenoweth, C Perrin, J Newton, DW Patel, JB AF Rasheed, J. Kamile Biddle, James W. Anderson, Karen F. Washer, Laraine Chenoweth, Carol Perrin, John Newton, Duane W. Patel, Jean B. TI Detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase type 2 carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii and K. oxytoca carrying a common plasmid SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE KPC-2; NEW-YORK-CITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESISTANT STRAIN; EMERGENCE; BROOKLYN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was detected in carbapenem-resistant isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella oxytoca recovered from different patients in a Michigan hospital. Restriction analysis and hybridization with a KPC-specific probe showed the bla(KPC-2) genes of these two genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae are carried on a common plasmid. C1 [Rasheed, J. Kamile; Biddle, James W.; Anderson, Karen F.; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Antiinfect Invest Sect G08, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Washer, Laraine; Chenoweth, Carol; Perrin, John; Newton, Duane W.] Univ Michigan Hosp & Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rasheed, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Antiinfect Invest Sect G08, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkr1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2066 EP 2069 DI 10.1128/JCM.02038-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 341DX UT WOS:000258695500029 PM 18385437 ER PT J AU Benson, R Tondella, ML Bhatnagar, J Carvalho, MDGS Sampson, JS Talkington, DF Whitney, AM Mothershed, E McGee, L Carlone, G McClee, V Guarner, J Zaki, S Dejsiri, S Cronin, K Han, J Fields, BS AF Benson, Robert Tondella, Maria L. Bhatnagar, Julu Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Talkington, Deborah F. Whitney, Anne M. Mothershed, Elizabeth McGee, Lesley Carlone, George McClee, Vondguraus Guarner, Jeannette Zaki, Sherif Dejsiri, Surang Cronin, K. Han, Jian Fields, Barry S. TI Development and evaluation of a novel multiplex PCR technology for molecular differential detection of bacterial respiratory disease pathogens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ASSAYS AB The ResPlex I assay (Qiagen) was designed to amplify and detect DNA of six bacterial respiratory pathogens. This assay was compared with real-time PCR assays based upon the same target sequences for the ability detect the target bacteria by use of both stock strains and specimens from respiratory disease patients. The ResPlex I assay is somewhat less sensitive than real-time PCR assays but offers the advantage of multiple assays in a single reaction. C1 [Benson, Robert; Tondella, Maria L.; Bhatnagar, Julu; Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.; Talkington, Deborah F.; Whitney, Anne M.; Mothershed, Elizabeth; Carlone, George; McClee, Vondguraus; Guarner, Jeannette; Zaki, Sherif; Fields, Barry S.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McGee, Lesley; Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dejsiri, Surang] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Cronin, K.; Han, Jian] Genaco Biomed Prod Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bfields@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1128/JCM.01858-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 341DX UT WOS:000258695500031 PM 18400916 ER PT J AU Lindsley, MD Guarro, J Khairy, RN Williams, J Iqbal, N Pancholi, P AF Lindsley, Mark D. Guarro, Josep Khairy, Raed N. Williams, JoAnna Iqbal, Naureen Pancholi, Preeti TI Pseudallescheria fusoidea, a new cause of osteomyelitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; SCEDOSPORIUM-APIOSPERMUM; VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS; BOYDII; VORICONAZOLE; INFECTIONS; THERAPY; COMPLEX AB Osteomyelitis resulting from a mold infection often presents as a chronic and indolent disease process. Described here for the first time is a case of osteomyelitis of the foot caused by the mold Pseudallescheria fusoidea, which resulted from traumatic implantation after an injury sustained 3 years earlier. C1 [Lindsley, Mark D.; Iqbal, Naureen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guarro, Josep] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Sch Med, Microbiol Unit, E-43201 Reus, Spain. [Khairy, Raed N.] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Williams, JoAnna; Pancholi, Preeti] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlindsley@cdc.gov; preeti.pancholi@osumc.edu OI Guarro, Josep/0000-0002-7839-7568 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2143 DI 10.1128/JCM.00205-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 341DX UT WOS:000258695500050 PM 18434553 ER PT J AU Townsend, MB Smagala, JA Dawson, ED Deyde, V Gubareva, L Klimov, AI Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Townsend, Michael B. Smagala, James A. Dawson, Erica D. Deyde, Varough Gubareva, Larisa Klimov, Alexander I. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI Detection of adamantane-resistant influenza on a microarray SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; antiviral; resistance; amantadine; microarray ID FLUCHIP DIAGNOSTIC MICROARRAY; A H3N2 VIRUSES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; AMANTADINE; RIMANTADINE; SURVEILLANCE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; VIRULENCE; VARIANTS AB Background: Influenza A has the ability to rapidly mutate and become resistant to the commonly prescribed influenza therapeutics, thereby complicating treatment decisions. Objective: To design a cost-effective low-density microarray for use in detection of influenza resistance to the adamantanes. Study design: We have taken advantage of functional genomics and microarray technology to design a DNA microarray that can detect the two most common mutations in the M2 protein associated with adamantane resistance, V27A and S31N. Results: In a blind study of 22 influenza isolates, the antiviral resistance-chip (AVR-Chip) had a success rate of 95% for detecting these mutations. Microarray data from a larger set of samples were further analyzed using an artificial neural network and resulted in a correct identification rate of 94% for influenza virus samples that had V27A and S31N mutations. Conclusions: The AVR-Chip provided a method for rapidly screening influenza viruses for adamantane sensitivity, and the general approach could be easily extended to detect resistance to other chemotherapeutics. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Townsend, Michael B.; Smagala, James A.; Dawson, Erica D.; Kuchta, Robert D.; Rowlen, Kathy L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deyde, Varough; Gubareva, Larisa; Klimov, Alexander I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rowlen, Kathy L.] InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rowlen, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rowlen@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056528, U01 AI056528-03] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.12.019 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 317AM UT WOS:000256991500001 PM 18299250 ER PT J AU Li, DD Duan, ZJ Zhang, Q Liu, N Xie, ZP Jiang, BM Steele, D Jiang, X Wang, ZS Fang, ZY AF Li, Dan-di Duan, Zhao-jun Zhang, Qing Liu, Na Xie, Zhi-ping Jiang, Baomin Steele, Duncan Jiang, Xi Wang, Zhong-shan Fang, Zhao-yin TI Molecular characterization of unusual human G5P[6] rotaviruses identified in China SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; G5 genotype; P[6] genotype; reassortment ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PORCINE ROTAVIRUSES; GENETIC GROUPS; NSP4 GENE; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; CHILDREN; ALLELE AB Background: We found an unusual human rotavirus, LL36755 of G5P[6]genotype, in a stool sample collected in Lulong County, Hebei Province, China. This is the first detection of rotavirus serotype G5 in Asia. Objectives: To identify and characterize G5 rotaviruses in 988 stool samples collected from children under 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis. Study design: We analyzed 459 rotavirus-positive samples with RT-PCR using G5 genotype-specific primers. The G5 strains were sequenced. Results: Two additional G5-positive samples (LL3354 and LL4260) were identified. VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4 genes of LL3354, LL4260 and LL36755 strains were sequenced. The VP4 sequences formed a group with porcine P[6] strains. The VP6 sequences of strains LL3354 and LL36755 were phylogenetically close to the major clusters of SGI and SGII rotaviruses, respectively. The deduced VP6 protein of strain LL4260 had characteristics of both SGI and SGII strains, but best fit with a cluster of atypical SGI viruses. In addition, based on NSP4 sequences, the three G5 strains belonged to genogroup B and were closest to human strain Wa. Conclusion: These results indicate a dynamic interaction of human and porcine rotaviruses and suggest that reassortment could result in the stable introduction and successful spread of porcine gene alleles into human rotaviruses. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Dan-di; Duan, Zhao-jun; Zhang, Qing; Liu, Na; Xie, Zhi-ping; Fang, Zhao-yin] China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. [Li, Dan-di; Wang, Zhong-shan] Jilin Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Baomin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jiang, Xi] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Duan, ZJ (reprint author), 100 Ying Xin St,Xuan Wu Dist, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM zhaojund@126.com NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.12.043 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 317AM UT WOS:000256991500005 PM 18304868 ER PT J AU Esona, MD Humphrey, CD Dennehy, PH Jiang, BM AF Esona, Mathew D. Humphrey, Charles D. Dennehy, Penelope H. Jiang, Baoming TI Prevalence of group C rotavirus among children in Rhode Island, United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE group C rotavirus; diarrhea; molecular epidemiology ID ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; 1ST DETECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; BRAZIL AB Background: Group C rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in humans but its burden as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and burden of group C rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Rhode Island, United States. Study design: Diarrhea stool specimens from 124 children <= 10 years of age were collected, screened for group C and A rotavirus by EIA specific for each group, and further examined by nested PCR and Southern hybridization using primers and probes specific to the VP7 gene of human group C rotavirus. Group C rotavirus-positive fecal specimens were also examined by EM. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 73 (59.0%) of 124 fecal samples. These included 53 (42.7%) positive for group A, 5 (4.0%) for group C and 15 (12.1%) for both group A and C rotaviruses. Examination of group C-positive samples by EM revealed the presence of largely empty or damaged rotavirus-like particles. Conclusion: These findings indicate that group C rotavirus is an important cause or a contributing cause of diarrhea among infants and older children in Rhode Island, United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Esona, Mathew D.; Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Humphrey, Charles D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dennehy, Penelope H.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.002 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 317AM UT WOS:000256991500022 PM 18374629 ER PT J AU Wigington, PS AF Wigington, Pamela S. TI Clear messages for effective communication SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wigington, PS (reprint author), CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM piw4@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 10 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 306GN UT WOS:000256236400008 PM 18561572 ER PT J AU Shenson, D Adams, M Bolen, J AF Shenson, Douglas Adams, Mary Bolen, Julie TI Delivery of preventive services to adults aged 50-64: Monitoring performance using a composite measure, 1997-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE clinical preventive services; cancer screening and prevention; vaccinations; surveillance; preventive health services; preventive medicine; elderly; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; medical system ID RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; RECEIPT; CANCER; TIME; CARE AB OBJECTIVE: Population-based rates for the delivery of adult vaccinations or screenings are typically tracked as individual services. The current approach is useful in monitoring progress toward national health goals but does not yield information regarding how many U.S. adults receive a combination of preventive services routinely recommended based on a person's age and gender. A composite measure is important for policymaking, for developing public health interventions, and for monitoring the quality of clinical care. During the period under study, influenza vaccination was newly recommended (2000) to be routinely delivered to adults in this age range. The objective of the study was to compare the delivery of routine clinical preventive services to U.S. adults aged 50-64 years between 1997 and 2004 using a composite measure that includes cancer screenings and vaccinations. DESIGN: Data were collected via telephone surveys in 1997, 2002, and 2004 as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were randomly selected adults aged 50-64 years in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the selected years. Sample sizes ranged from 24,917 to 77,244. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The composite measure includes screening for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and vaccination against influenza (2002 and 2004 only). The composite measure quantifies the percentage of adults who are up-to-date with the complete set according to recommended schedules. With the inclusion of newly recommended influenza vaccination, the percentage of men and women aged 50-64 who were up-to-date on all selected measures in 2004 was 23.4% and 23.0%, respectively, compared with 37.6% and 30.5% in 1997. Without including influenza vaccination, the percentage of up-to-date adults aged 50-64 would have risen in 2004 to 50.5% (men) and to 44.7% (women). For both sexes, results varied by education, race/ethnicity, marriage status, insurance status, health status, and state. CONCLUSION: In 2004, the percentage of adults aged 50-64 years receiving routinely recommended cancer screenings and influenza vaccination was low with fewer than 1 in 4 being up to date. C1 [Shenson, Douglas] SPARC, Lakeville, CT USA. [Adams, Mary] On Target Hlth Data LLC, Hartford, CT USA. [Bolen, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shenson, D (reprint author), 76 Prince St, Newton, MA 02465 USA. EM dshenson@sparchealth.org NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s11606-008-0555-7 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 303FX UT WOS:000256027500005 PM 18317846 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Brownson, RC Evenson, KR Levinger, D Maddock, JE Pluto, D Troped, PJ Schmid, TL Carnoske, C Richards, KL Steinman, LE AF Eyler, Amy A. Brownson, Ross C. Evenson, Kelly R. Levinger, David Maddock, Jay E. Pluto, Delores Troped, Philip J. Schmid, Thomas L. Carnoske, Cheryl Richards, Katherine L. Steinman, Lesley E. TI Policy influences on community trail development SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RURAL COMMUNITIES; WALKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB This study explores processes and policies that facilitate the development of community trails. With funding from Active Living Research and the research framework of the Physical Activity Policy Research Network (PAPRN), we conducted a multiple-site case study. A total of six trails in Hawaii, Massachusetts, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Washington were chosen for study. The goals of this case study were to identify the policy influences on trail development, explore the roles of key players in trail development, and compare and contrast findings from the different trails. Trail development can be a long process. Some of the trails took over a decade to complete because of funding, opposition, and roadblocks in the form of design standard policies. Work in trail development requires a team of many players, and it is necessary to balance their varied motives to accomplish a shared overall goal. Foresight through the master planning process is also a vital component of successful trail development. Finally, community involvement is key. Communities contemplating trail development should explore the effects of policy on the trail projects reported here to proactively identify potential influence. C1 [Eyler, Amy A.; Brownson, Ross C.] St Louis Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Evenson, Kelly R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Levinger, David] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Maddock, Jay E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Off Publ Hlth Studies, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pluto, Delores] Univ S Carolina, PRC, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Troped, Philip J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schmid, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Policy & Environm Workgrp, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carnoske, Cheryl] St Louis Univ, Prevent Res Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Steinman, Lesley E.] Univ Washington, HPRC, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. OI Maddock, Jay/0000-0002-1119-0300 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0361-6878 J9 J HEALTH POLIT POLIC JI J. Health Polit. Policy Law PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 407 EP 427 DI 10.1215/03616878-2008-003 PG 21 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, Legal; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Legal Medicine; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 302RA UT WOS:000255985800003 PM 18469168 ER PT J AU Porkert, M Sher, S Reddy, U Cheema, F Niessner, C Kolm, P Jones, DP Hooper, C Taylor, WR Harrison, D Quyyumi, AA AF Porkert, M. Sher, S. Reddy, U. Cheema, F. Niessner, C. Kolm, P. Jones, D. P. Hooper, C. Taylor, W. R. Harrison, D. Quyyumi, A. A. TI Tetrahydrobiopterin: a novel antihypertensive therapy SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE tetrahydrobiopterin; endothelium; oxidative stress ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; RESTORES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; ORAL VITAMIN-C; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DEPENDENT VASODILATION; CORONARY-ARTERIES; ASCORBIC-ACID; DYSFUNCTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERTENSION AB Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is a cofactor for the nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes, such that its insufficiency results in uncoupling of the enzyme, leading to release of superoxide rather than NO in disease states, including hypertension. We hypothesized that oral BH(4) will reduce arterial blood pressure (BP) and improve endothelial function in hypertensive subjects. Oral BH(4) was given to subjects with poorly controlled hypertension (BP > 135/85 mm Hg) and weekly measurements of BP and endothelial function made. In Study 1, 5 or 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of BH(4) (n= 8) was administered orally for 8 weeks, and in Study 2, 200 and 400 mg of BH(4) (n = 16) was given in divided doses for 4 weeks. Study 1: significant reductions in systolic (P=0.005) and mean BP (P=0.01) were observed with both doses of BH(4). Systolic BP was 15 +/- 15 mm Hg (P=0.04) lower after 5 weeks and persisted for the 8-week study period. Study 2: subjects given 400 mg BH(4) had decreased systolic (P=0.03) and mean BP (P=0.04), with a peak decline of 16 +/- 19 mm Hg (P=0.04) at 3 weeks. BP returned to baseline 4 weeks after discontinuation. Significant improvement in endothelial function was observed in Study 1 subjects and those receiving 400 mg BH(4). There was no significant change in subjects given the 200 mg dose. This pilot investigation indicates that oral BH(4) at a daily dose of 400 mg or higher has a significant and sustained antihypertensive effect in subjects with poorly controlled hypertension, an effect that is associated with improved endothelial NO bioavailability. C1 [Porkert, M.; Sher, S.; Reddy, U.; Cheema, F.; Niessner, C.; Taylor, W. R.; Harrison, D.; Quyyumi, A. A.] Emory Univ, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kolm, P.] Christiana Care Ctr Outcomes Res, Newark, DE USA. [Jones, D. P.] Emory Univ, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hooper, C.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quyyumi, AA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Cardiol, 1364 Clifton Rd,Ste D403C, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM aquyyum@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00039] NR 31 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002329 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 301LK UT WOS:000255897500005 PM 18322548 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Simon, TR Swahn, MH AF Bossarte, Robert M. Simon, Thomas R. Swahn, Monica H. TI Clustering of adolescent dating violence, peer violence, and suicidal behavior SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE adolescence; violence; suicide; typologies; overlap; prevention ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE; RISK; WOMEN; VICTIMIZATION; PERPETRATION; TRAUMA; DATES; HE AB To understand the co-occurrence of multiple types of violence, the authors developed a behavioral typology based on self-reports of suicidal behaviors, physical violence, and psychological abuse. Using a sample of dating adolescents from a high-risk school district, they identified five clusters of behaviors among the 1,653 students who reported being abusive or violent in the past year. Victimization and perpetration with same-sex peers and dating partners clustered together among the students who reported the highest levels of abusive (n = 357) or violent behavior (n = 146). These students also reported high levels of suicidal behavior. There were few significant demographic differences across clusters. The implications of the results for the need to design and evaluate efforts to prevent multiple types of violence are discussed. C1 [Bossarte, Robert M.; Simon, Thomas R.; Swahn, Monica H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bossarte, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 815 EP 833 DI 10.1177/0886260507313950 PG 19 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 295ZG UT WOS:000255512700007 PM 18252941 ER PT J AU Suzan, G Armien, A Mills, JN Marce, E Ceballos, G Avila, M Salazar-Bravo, J Ruedas, L Armien, B Yates, TL AF Suzan, Gerardo Armien, Anibal Mills, James N. Marce, Erika Ceballos, Gerardo Avila, Mario Salazar-Bravo, Jorge Ruedas, Luis Armien, Blas Yates, Terry L. TI Epidemiological considerations of rodent community composition in fragmented landscapes in Panama SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity loss; emerging diseases; generalist rodents; habitat fragmentation; hantavirus reservoirs; Panama ID HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MAMMALOGISTS; EXTINCTION AB We predicted that more-fragmented habitats are associated with lower diversity of small mammals and higher densities of populations of rodents that are hosts of hantaviruses. We compared diversity and distribution of small mammals that are either hosts or nonhosts of hantaviruses in 6 Panamanian national parks and adjacent areas with varying degree of human impacts. We sampled forest, edge, and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. The generalist rodents Oligoryzomys fulvescens (reservoir of Choclo virus) and Zygodontomys brevicauda (reservoir of Calabazo virus) were more abundant in disturbed habitats, especially in smaller and more isolated patches, where population density and diversity of other rodent species was lowest. In contrast, these 2 species had lower abundances in larger forested areas with more nonreservoir species of small mammals. Our results suggest that the change in the natural environment resulting from tropical deforestation is increasing the abundance and distribution of species that are reservoirs for hantaviruses. Therefore, it is likely that forest fragmentation has contributed to recent outbreaks of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in tropical areas. Conservation of natural resources becomes all the more imperative, not only for protecting fauna and flora but also for human health. C1 [Suzan, Gerardo; Marce, Erika; Yates, Terry L.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Suzan, Gerardo; Marce, Erika; Yates, Terry L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Armien, Anibal; Avila, Mario] Inst Conmemorativo GORGAS, Panama City 537061102, Panama. [Mills, James N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Salazar-Bravo, Jorge] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ruedas, Luis] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Ruedas, Luis] Portland State Univ, Museum Vertebrate Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Armien, Blas] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Suzan, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gerardosuz@gmail.com RI Armien, Anibal/A-6546-2010 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 684 EP 690 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-015R1.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 310TK UT WOS:000256553100017 ER PT J AU Cohrs, RJ Mehta, SK Schmid, DS Gilden, DH Pierson, DL AF Cohrs, Randall J. Mehta, Satish K. Schmid, D. Scott Gilden, Donald H. Pierson, Duane L. TI Asymptomatic reactivation and shed of infectious varicella zoster virus in astronauts SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE varicella zoster virus (VZV); human; histochemistry; sub-clinical; reactivation ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; GENITAL HERPES; SPACE-FLIGHT; HSV-1 DNA; SPACEFLIGHT; TYPE-1; SALIVA; GANGLIA AB Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), after which virus becomes latent in ganglia along the entire neuraxis. Virus reactivation produces zoster (shingles). Infectious VZV is found in vesicles of patients with zoster and varicella, but virus shed in the absence of disease has not been documented. VZV DNA was previously detected in saliva of astronauts during and after spaceflight, a uniquely stressful environment in which cell mediated immunity (CMI) is temporally dampened. The decline in CMI to VZV associated with zoster led to the hypothesis that infectious VZV would also be present in the saliva of astronauts subjected to stress of spaceflight. Herein, not only was the detection of salivary VZV DNA associated with spaceflight validated, but also infectious virus was detected in saliva from 2 of 3 astronauts. This is the first demonstration of shed of infectious VZV in the absence of disease. C1 [Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Mehta, Satish K.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Schmid, D. Scott] CDC, Natl VZV Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Cohrs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Mail Stop B182,4200 E 9th Ave,SOM 3657, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM randall.cohrs@uchsc.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06127, R01 AG006127, R37 AG006127, R37 AG006127-16]; NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS032623, NS32623, P01 NS032623-18] NR 30 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1002/jmv.21173 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 293AP UT WOS:000255307500028 PM 18428120 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA de Valk, HA Lasker, BA Meis, JFGM Klaassen, CHW AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi de Valk, Hanneke A. Lasker, Brent A. Meis, Jacques F. G. M. Klaassen, Corne H. W. TI Utility of a microsatellite assay for identifying clonally related outbreak isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus fumigatus; outbreak; microsatellite; typing; fingerprinting; short tandem repeat; epidemiology; cluster ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A microsatellite assay based on short tandem repeats (STRAf) has been recently described as a discriminatory, high throughput assay for fingerprinting Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. However, the STRAf assay has not been tested for its utility in outbreak settings where it is critical to distinguish clonal clusters from genetically unrelated genotypes. In the present study, employing a panel of epidemiologically linked A. fumigatus isolates obtained from 6 different outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis (IA), we demonstrate that the STRAf assay can be a valuable molecular tool to support epidemiological investigations. We also report for the first time the detection of microvariation events in the A.fumigatus population studied. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Valk, Hanneke A.; Meis, Jacques F. G. M.; Klaassen, Corne H. W.] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-6532 SZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lasker, Brent A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klaassen, CHW (reprint author), Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Weg Door Jonkerbos 100, NL-6532 SZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM c.klaassen@cwz.nl RI Meis, Jacques/A-9241-2010 OI Meis, Jacques/0000-0003-3253-6080 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2008 VL 73 IS 3 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.011 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 306TR UT WOS:000256271200007 PM 18375005 ER PT J AU West, C Bernard, B Mueller, C Kitt, M Driscoll, R Tak, S AF West, Christine Bernard, Bruce Mueller, Charles Kitt, Margaret Driscoll, Richard Tak, Sangwoo TI Mental health outcomes in police personnel after Hurricane Katrina SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; EMERGENCY SERVICES PERSONNEL; RESCUE WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; TERRORIST ATTACKS; DISASTER WORKERS; NATURAL DISASTER; EARTHQUAKE; SYMPTOMS; DEPRESSION AB Objective: We examined symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) personnel who provided law enforcement and relief services to affected communities following Hurricane Katrina. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of mental health outcomes related to personal and work-related exposures of police personnel 8 weeks after the Hurricane. Results: Of the 912 police personnel who completed the questionnaire, 227 (26%) reported symptoms consistent with depression and 170 (19%) reported symptoms consistent with PTSD. Risk factors associated with PTSD include recovery of bodies, crowd control, assault, and injury to a family member. Depressive symptoms were associated with rare family contact, uninhabitable home, isolation from the NOPD, assault, and injury to a family member. Conclusions: Police personnel reported symptoms of PTSD and depression associated with work-related and personal factors following Hurricane Katrina. C1 [West, Christine; Bernard, Bruce; Driscoll, Richard; Tak, Sangwoo] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Kitt, Margaret] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Emergency Preparedness & Response, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP West, C (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cawest@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 6 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b0130181638685 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 313LM UT WOS:000256742100011 PM 18545096 ER PT J AU Kwapniewski, R Kozaczka, S Hauser, R Silva, MJ Calafat, AM Susan, D AF Kwapniewski, Rachel Kozaczka, Sarah Hauser, Russ Silva, Manori J. Calafat, Antonia M. Susan, Duty TI Occupational exposure to dibutyl phthalate among manicurists SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; RATS; METABOLITES; TESTOSTERONE; RECRUITMENT; MONOESTERS; GONOCYTES; CELLS AB Objective: To measure manicurists' exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) at work and to determine whether workplace characteristics influence this exposure. DBP is a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rats and is used in nail polish to hold color and prevent chipping. Methods: Pre- and postshift spot urine samples were collected from 40 manicurists. Linear regression compared the relationship between the log of the cross-shift differences in urinary phthalate monoester metabolite concentrations and use Of workplace exposure control methods. Results: There was a statistically significant cross-shift increase of 17.4 ng/mL in the urinary concentration of mono-n-butyl phthalate, the major metabolite of DBP. Use of gloves reduced, mono-n-butyl phthalate concentrations by 15.1 ng/mL below the preshift concentration compared with a 20.5 ng/mL increase if gloves were, not worn. Conclusions: Manicurists are occupationally exposed to DBP and glove use may minimize this exposure. C1 [Kwapniewski, Rachel; Kozaczka, Sarah; Susan, Duty] Simmons Coll, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Studies, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ; Susan, Duty] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Silva, Manori J.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Susan, D (reprint author), Simmons Coll, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Studies, 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM duty@simmons.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07069]; PHS HHS [T42 CCT 122961] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 6 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181651571 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 313LM UT WOS:000256742100013 PM 18545098 ER PT J AU Zeidner, NS Schneider, BS Rutherford, JS Dolan, MC AF Zeidner, Nordin S. Schneider, Bradley S. Rutherford, Jeremiah S. Dolan, Marc C. TI Suppression of Th2 cytokines reduces tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi load in mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACT; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; LYME-DISEASE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; C3H/HEJ MICE; BALB/C MICE; T-CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; INFESTATIONS; INHIBITION AB Previous work has indicated that both Borrelia burgdoferi and the process of tick feeding (saliva) modulate the host immune response. Molecules have been identified in tick saliva that effect T cell proliferation by binding to specific cytokines, thereby promoting a Th2 cytokine response that does not afford protection against tick-transmitted B. burgdorferi in mice. Moreover, reconstitution of a Th1-biased T cell response prior to spirochete challenge effectively neutralizes tick modulation of host immunity and affords protection against tick transmission of spirochetes. The current studies were undertaken to determine the effect of neutralizing specific Th2 cytokines prior to tick feeding and subsequent transmission of B. burgdoferi. The results indicate that suppression of both IL-4 and IL-5 prior to the feeding of B. burgdorferi-infected ticks significantly decreased spirochete load in target organs such as joint, bladder, heart, and skin of the Lyme disease-susceptible host. C1 [Zeidner, Nordin S.; Dolan, Marc C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Schneider, Bradley S.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Parasitol, Paris 15, France. [Rutherford, Jeremiah S.] New York Methodist Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY 11215 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Naz2@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 767 EP 769 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 322YM UT WOS:000257411200036 PM 18605798 ER PT J AU Murphy, TV Syed, SB Holman, RC Haberung, DL Singleton, RJ Steiner, CA Pagano, EL Cheek, JE AF Murphy, Trudy V. Syed, Shamsuzzoha B. Holman, Robert C. Haberung, Dana L. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Steiner, Claudia A. Pagano, Edna L. Cheek, James E. TI Pertussis-associated hospitalizations in American Indian and Alaska Native infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVENTING TETANUS; UNITED-STATES; RECOMMENDATIONS; POPULATION; DIPHTHERIA; CHILDREN; ACCESS AB Objective To investigate the burden of pertussis in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants. Study design AI/AN pertussis-associated hospitalizations between 1980 and 2004 were evaluated using Indian Health Service (IHS)/tribal inpatient data, which include all reported hospitalizations within the IHS/tribal health care system. Results Between 1980 and 2004, 483 pertussis-associated hospitalizations in AI/AN infants were documented; 88% of cases involved infants age < 6 months. For this entire period, the average annual hospitalization rate was 132.7 per 100,000 AI/AN infants (95% confidence interval [CI] = 121.3 to 145.2), and 234.5 per 100,000 AI/AN infants age < 6 months (95% CI = 213.1 to 258.1). Between 2000 and 2004, the annual hospitalization rate was 100.5 per 100,000 AI/AN infants (95% CI = 81.6 to 123.7), which exceeds the estimated 2003 pertussis hospitalization rate of 67.7 per 100,000 in the general US infant population (95% CI = 61.9 to 73.5). The highest pertussis hospitalization rates in 2000 to 2004 were in AI/AN infants in the Alaska and Southwestern IHS regions of the United States. Conclusions The burden of pertussis in,WAN infants is high, particularly so in infants age < 6 months in the Alaska and the Southwestern HIS regions of the United States. Ensuring implementation of vaccination strategies to reduce the incidence of pertussis in AI/AN, infants, adolescents, and adults alike is warranted to reduce the burden of pertussis in AI/AN infants. C1 [Murphy, Trudy V.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Syed, Shamsuzzoha B.; Cheek, James E.] Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Syed, Shamsuzzoha B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Gen Prevent Med Residency Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holman, Robert C.; Haberung, Dana L.] CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Steiner, Claudia A.] US Dept HHS, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. [Pagano, Edna L.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Program Stat, Off Publ Hlth Support, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD USA. RP Murphy, TV (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tkm4@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 152 IS 6 BP 839 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.11.046 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 308FN UT WOS:000256373800025 PM 18492528 ER PT J AU Allen, KD Renner, JB Devellis, B Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Allen, Kelli D. Renner, Jordan B. Devellis, Brenda Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Osteoarthritis and sleep: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sleep disturbances; insomnia; osteoarthritis ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; OLDER-ADULTS; INSOMNIA; DISTURBANCE; PAIN AB Objective. Little is known about the association of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) with sleep disturbance. We compared the prevalence and severity of current sleep problems among individuals with and without symptomatic hip or knee OA in a large, community-based sample. Methods. Participants (N = 2682, 28% with symptomatic hip or knee OA) were from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. Six sleep variables were grouped into 2 categories: insomnia (trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or waking early) and insufficient sleep (daytime sleepiness, not enough sleep, or not feeling rested). The presence of any sleep problem (insomnia or insufficient sleep) was also assessed, as were annual frequency and cumulative days of sleep problems. Adjusted models examined associations of symptomatic OA with sleep problems controlling for demographic characteristics, obesity, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Results. Symptomatic hip or knee OA was associated with increased odds of any sleep problem (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.54), insomnia (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.56), and insufficient sleep (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.62) in adjusted models. Among participants with sleep problems, those with symptomatic OA reported higher median numbers of annual and cumulative days of insomnia and insufficient sleep, although these associations were not statistically significant in adjusted models. Conclusion. Symptomatic hip and knee OA are significantly associated with sleep problems, independent of other factors related to sleep difficulties, including self-rated health and depression. Patients with OA should be regularly screened for sleep disturbance as part of routine care. C1 Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Dept Orthopaed, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 3300 Thurston Bowles,Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U01 DP003206]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5 P60 AR49465-03, 5-P60-AR30701, P60 AR049465] NR 30 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1107 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 310BM UT WOS:000256503900028 PM 18484690 ER PT J AU Wallace, RM Armstrong, LR Pratt, RH Kammerer, JS Iademarco, MF AF Wallace, Ryan M. Armstrong, Lori R. Pratt, Robert H. Kammerer, J. Steve Iademarco, Michael F. TI Trends in tuberculosis reported from the Appalachian region: United States, 1993-2005 SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; RATES AB Context: Appalachia has been characterized by its poverty, a factor associated with tuberculosis, yet little is known about the disease in this region. Purpose: To determine whether Appalachian tuberculosis risk factors, trends, and rates differ from the rest of the United States. Methods: Analysis of tuberculosis cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS) within the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1993 through 2005. Results: The 2005 rate of tuberculosis in rural Appalachia was 2.1/100,000, compared to 2.7/100,000 in urban Appalachia. Urban non-Appalachia had a 2005 tuberculosis rate of 5.4/100,000. Over the 13-year period, tuberculosis rates fell in Appalachia at an annual rate of 7.8%. In one age group (15- to 24-year-olds) the rates increased at an annual rate of 2.8%. Foreign-born Hispanics were the largest racial/ethnic group in this age group. When private providers gave exclusive care for tuberculosis disease, Appalachians were less likely to complete therapy in a timely manner when compared to non-Appalachians (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7). Conclusions: Tuberculosis rates and trends are similar in urban and rural Appalachia. It is crucial for public health officials in Appalachia to address the escalating TB rate among 15- to 24-year-olds by focusing prevention efforts on the growing numbers of foreign-born cases. Due to the increased risk of treatment failure among Appalachians who do not seek care from the health department, public health authorities must ensure completion of treatment for patients who seek private providers. C1 [Wallace, Ryan M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wallace, Ryan M.; Iademarco, Michael F.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Armstrong, Lori R.; Iademarco, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Divis TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pratt, Robert H.; Kammerer, J. Steve] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wallace, RM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EUK5@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00164.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 325DN UT WOS:000257568700003 PM 18643800 ER PT J AU Al-Mulla, AM Helmy, SA Al-Lawati, J Al Nasser, S Rahman, SAA Almutawa, A Saab, BA Al-Bedah, AM Al-Rabeah, AM Bahaj, AA El-Awa, F Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S AF Al-Mulla, Ahmad Moh'd Helmy, Sahar Abdou Al-Lawati, Jawad Al Nasser, Sami Rahman, Salah Ali Abdel Almutawa, Ayesha Saab, Bassam Abi Al-Bedah, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Rabeah, Abdullah Mohamed Bahaj, Ahmed Ali El-Awa, Fatimah Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira TI Prevalence of tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in Health Ministers' Council/Gulf Cooperation Council Member States, 2001-2004 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tobacco use; adolescents; school-based AB BACKGROUND: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Schools were selected proportional to enrollment size, classes were randomly selected within participating schools, and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. RESULTS: GYTS results confirmed that boys are significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use shisha (water pipe). Students had higher rates of tobacco use than adults in Bahrain, Oman, and United Arab Emirates. For boys and girls, shisha use was higher than cigarette smoking in almost all countries. Susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers was higher than current cigarette smoking in all countries. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 30%, direct protobacco advertising exposure was greater than 70% on billboards and in newspapers, and more than 10% of students were influenced by indirect advertising. Finally, less than half of the students were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: For boys and girls, high prevalence of cigarette smoking, high prevalence of shisha use, and high susceptibility of never smokers to initiate smoking in the next year are troubling indicators for the future of chronic disease and tobacco-related mortality in the Member States of the HMC/GCC. C1 [Al Nasser, Sami] Minist Hlth, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Warren, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Almutawa, Ayesha; Saab, Bassam Abi] Minist Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. [Al-Bedah, Abdullah Mohammed; Al-Rabeah, Abdullah Mohamed] Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov RI Bahaj, AbuBakr/B-9111-2015 OI Bahaj, AbuBakr/0000-0002-0043-6045 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302BO UT WOS:000255943000007 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MW Bailer, AJ AF Wheeler, Matthew W. Bailer, A. John TI Model averaging software for dichotomous dose response risk estimation SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE bootstrapping; information criteria; model uncertainty ID SELECTION; CRITERION AB Model averaging has been shown to be a useful method for incorporating model uncertainty in quantitative risk estimation. In certain circumstances this technique is computationally complex, requiring sophisticated software to carry out the computation. We introduce software that implements model averaging for risk assessment based upon dichotomous dose-response data. This software, which we call Model Averaging for Dichotomous Response Benchmark Dose (MADr-BMD), fits the quantal response models, which are also used in the US Environmental Protection Agency benchmark dose software suite, and generates a model-averaged dose response model to generate benchmark dose and benchmark dose lower bound estimates. The software fulfills a need for risk assessors, allowing them to go beyond one single model in their risk assessments based on quantal data by focusing on a set of models that describes the experimental data. C1 [Wheeler, Matthew W.] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Bailer, A. John] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wheeler, MW (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, CDC, 4686 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM MWheeler@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 321QX UT WOS:000257322700001 ER PT J AU Curns, AT Steiner, CA Sejvar, JJ Schonberger, LB AF Curns, Aaron T. Steiner, Claudia A. Sejvar, James J. Schonberger, Lawrence B. TI Hospital charges attributable to a primary diagnosis of infectious diseases in older adults in the United States, 1998 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE infectious disease; older adults; lower respiratory tract infection; hospitalizations ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PNEUMONIA; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVES: To describe total and average hospital charges associated with infectious disease (ID) hospitalizations and specific ID categories and to estimate ID hospitalization rates in adults aged 65 and older in the United States from 1998 through 2004. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1998 through 2004. SETTING: United States. PATIENTS: Older adults hospitalized in the United States from 1998 through 2004. MEASUREMENTS: Hospital charges and hospitalization rates for IDs described according to year, age group, sex, U.S. Census region, and ID category. Charges for non-ID hospitalizations were also described. Hospital charges were adjusted for inflation. RESULTS: From 1998 through 2004, total charges for ID hospitalizations exceeded $261 billion and accounted for 13% of all hospital charges for older adults. Total charges for ID hospitalizations increased from $31.4 billion in 1998 to $45.7 billion in 2004. The average annual ID hospital charge was lower than the average annual non-ID hospital charge during the study period ($21,342 vs $22,787, P <.001). The average annual rate for ID hospitalizations was 503 per 10,000 older adults, which remained stable during the study period. CONCLUSION: The total charges for ID hospitalizations and for all hospitalizations in older adults in the United States increased 45% and nearly 40%, respectively, during the 7-year study period, whereas the population of older adults grew by only 5%. Sustained increases of such magnitude will have major implications for the U.S. healthcare system as it prepares for the more than doubling of the older U.S. adult population during the first 30 years of this century. C1 [Curns, Aaron T.; Sejvar, James J.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Curns, Aaron T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steiner, Claudia A.] Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Curns, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM agc8@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 969 EP 975 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01712.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 308SU UT WOS:000256411100001 PM 18410319 ER PT J AU Wolf, R Lewis, D Cochran, R Richards, C AF Wolf, Rachel Lewis, Donna Cochran, Ronda Richards, Chesley TI Nursing staff perceptions of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and infection control in a long-term care facility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE long-term care; infection control; nursing staff; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ID CONTINUING MEDICAL-EDUCATION; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PHYSICIANS; NURSES; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREFERENCES; MANAGEMENT; IOWA AB Objectives: To assess perceptions of nursing staff regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), infection control (IC) and prevention strategies, barriers to IC, and IC resources. Design: Cross-sectional mixed methods study Setting: Atlanta Veterans Affairs (VA) long-term care facility (LTCF). Participants: Forty-two direct-care nursing staff employed at the LTCF during August 2006. Measurements: Health Belief Model (HBM) guided the development of 6 focus group discussions combined with a quantitative form assessing 5 IC practices, risk perceptions, and sources of IC information. Results: Only 59% of participants perceived that MRSA posed a risk to patients. Consistency of self-reported IC practices varied by specific behavior. Lack of supplies (26%) and lack of information/communication (24%) were reported as primary barriers to IC. All participants perceived patient behavior as a barrier, and all were interested in additional education about MRSA and IC. Comparing nurses with nursing assistants (NAs), nurses more frequently reported the IC professional as the most trusted information source (60% versus 0%, P < .005); NAs were more likely to trust the charge nurse (77% versus 4%, P < .001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the perceptions regarding the real threat of MRSA and infection transmission that would drive IC prevention behaviors in this high-risk population vary among nursing staff, as do nursing staff IC practices. This study provides insight into the complex educational and other strategies needed to implement multilevel, multidimensional IC in LTCFs. C1 [Wolf, Rachel] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolf, Rachel; Lewis, Donna] Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cochran, Ronda; Richards, Chesley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolf, R (reprint author), Atlanta Vet Med Ctr, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM rachel.wolf@va.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.02.003 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 315PD UT WOS:000256891000011 PM 18519116 ER PT J AU Schmaedick, MA Ball, TS Burkot, TR Gurr, NE AF Schmaedick, Mark A. Ball, Tamara S. Burkot, Thomas R. Gurr, Neil E. TI Evaluation of three traps for sampling Aedes polynesiensis and other mosquito species in American Samoa SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes polynesiensis; BG-Sentinel; Fay-Prince; CDC light trap; South Pacific ID AEGYPTI; CDC; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The efficacy of the recently developed BG-Sentinel m mosquito trap baited with BG-Lure (a combination of lactic acid, ammonia, and caproic acid) was evaluated in American Samoa against the omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap, both baited with carbon dioxide. The BG-Sentinel trap captured the greatest number of the important filariasis and dengue vector Aedes (Stegomya) polynesiensis at all 3 collection locations; however, its catch rate was not significantly different from that of the Fay-Prince trap at 2 of the 3 trapping locations. The CDC light trap caught very few Ae. polynesiensis. The Fay-Prince trap was more efficient than the other 2 traps for collecting Aedes (Aedimorphus) nocturnus, Aedes (Finlaya) spp., Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex annulirostris. The efficacy and convenience of the BG-Sentinel suggest further research is warranted to evaluate its potential as a possible efficient and safe alternative to landing catches for sampling Ae. polynesiensis in research and control efforts against filariasis and dengue in the South Pacific. C1 [Schmaedick, Mark A.; Gurr, Neil E.] Amer Samoa Community Coll, Land Grant Program, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Ball, Tamara S.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Burkot, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schmaedick, MA (reprint author), Amer Samoa Community Coll, Land Grant Program, POB 5319, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.2987/5652.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 316IT UT WOS:000256943600020 PM 18666543 ER PT J AU Cornblath, DR Syndrome, BCWGGB AF Cornblath, D. R. Syndrome, Brighton Collaboration Working Grp Guillain-Barre TI Development of a standardized, stratified, set of case definitions for Guillain-Barre syndrome and Fisher syndrome SO JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Inflammatory Neuropathy Consortium Meeting 2008 CY JUL 04-05, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE C1 [Cornblath, D. R.] Univ Childrens Hosp, Brighton Collaborat, Basel, Switzerland. [Cornblath, D. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1085-9489 J9 J PERIPHER NERV SYST JI J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 316SV UT WOS:000256970900027 ER PT J AU DiGrande, L Perrin, MA Thorpe, LE Thalji, L Murphy, J Wu, D Farfel, M Brackbill, RM AF DiGrande, Laura Perrin, Megan A. Thorpe, Lorna E. Thalji, Lisa Murphy, Joseph Wu, David Farfel, Mark Brackbill, Robert M. TI Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2-3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; COMMUNITY PATTERNS; DISASTER VICTIMS; CONSEQUENCES; CHECKLIST; AMERICANS; OUTCOMES; WORKERS AB Manhattan residents living near the World Trade Center may have been particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. In 2003-2004, the authors administered the PTSD Checklist to 11,037 adults who lived south of Canal Street in New York City on 9/11. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.6% and associated with older age, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, low education and income, and divorce. Injury, witnessing horror and dust cloud exposure on 9/11 increase risk for chronic PTSD. Postdisaster risk factors included evacuation and rescue and recovery work. The results indicate that PTSD is a continued health problem in the local community. The relationship between socioeconomic status and PTSD suggests services must target marginalized populations. Followup is necessary on the course and long-term consequences of PTSD. C1 [DiGrande, Laura; Thorpe, Lorna E.; Wu, David; Farfel, Mark] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Perrin, Megan A.] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. [Thalji, Lisa; Murphy, Joseph] Res Triangle Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Brackbill, Robert M.] Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DiGrande, L (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, 125 Worth St,Room 315, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ldigrand@health.nyc.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/ATU272750] NR 44 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 264 EP 273 DI 10.1002/jts.20345 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 317SF UT WOS:000257039300002 PM 18553414 ER PT J AU Eisen, L Ibarra-Juarez, LA Eisen, RJ Piesman, J AF Eisen, Lars Ibarra-Juarez, Luis A. Eisen, Rebecca J. Piesman, Joseph TI Indicators for elevated risk of human exposure to host-seeking adults of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor andersoni; elk; microhabitat; risk indicators; Rocky Mountain National Park ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; NATIONAL-PARK; FEVER VIRUS; DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; DEER TICK; SEASONAL ACTIVITY; IXODIDAE NYMPHS; WINTER RANGE AB The human-biting adult stage of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) can cause tick paralysis in humans and domestic animals and is the primary tick vector in the intermountain west of the pathogens causing Colorado tick fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and tularemia. We conducted drag sampling studies in Poudre Canyon and Rocky Mountain National Park of Larimer County, CO, to determine microhabitat use patterns by host-seeking D. andersoni adults and find environmental factors signaling elevated risk of tick exposure. Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) was found to serve as a general indicator of areas with elevated risk of exposure to host-seeking D. andersoni adults; this likely results from a shared climate tolerance of big sagebrush and D. andersoni. Grass was the favored substrate for host-seeking ticks. Drag sampling of open grass or grass bordering rock or shrub produced abundances of D. andersoni adults significantly higher than sampling of brush. Sampling sites in Rocky Mountain National Park, relative to Poudre Canyon, were characterized by more intense usage by elk (Cervus elaphus) but decreased brush coverage, smaller brush size, and lower abundances of host-seeking D. andersoni adults. There has been a tremendous increase in the population of elk in Rocky Mountain National Park over the last decades and we speculate that this has resulted in an ecological cascade where overgrazing of vegetation by elk is followed by suppression of rodent populations, decreased tick abundance, and, ultimately, reduced risk of human exposure to D. andersoni and its associated pathogens. C1 [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ibarra-Juarez, Luis A.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Nuevo Leon 66451, Mexico. [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [5 D43 TW006590-05] NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[117:IFEROH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325MD UT WOS:000257592100014 PM 18697314 ER PT J AU Thiagarajan, B Cully, JF Loughin, TM Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Thiagarajan, Bala Cully, Jack F., Jr. Loughin, Thomas M. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Geographic variation in rodent-flea relationships in the presence of black-tailed prairie dog colonies SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fleas; rodents; generalized linear mixed models; prairie dogs; infestation ID NEW-MEXICO; PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA; HOST; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MAMMALS; COMPLEX AB We characterized the relationship between fleas and their rodent hosts in the presence of prairie dog colonies and compared them to adjacent assemblages away from colonies. We evaluated the rodent-flea relationship by quantifying prevalence, probability of infestation, flea load, and intensity of fleas on rodents. As prairie dog burrows provide refugia for fleas, we hypothesized that prevalence, flea load, and intensity would be higher for rodents that are associated with black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Rodents were trapped at off- and on-colony grids, resulting in the collection of 4,509 fleas from 1,430 rodents in six study areas. The rodent community composition varied between these study areas. Flea species richness was not different between prairie dog colonies and the surrounding grasslands (p = 0.883) but was positively correlated with rodent species richness (p = 0.055). Prairie dog colonies did not increase the prevalence of fleas (p > 0.10). Flea loads on rodents did not vary between off- and on-colony grids at three of the study areas (p > 0.10). Based on the prevalence, infestation rates, and flea loads, we identified Peromyscus maniculatus, Onychomys leucogaster, and two Neotoma species as important rodent hosts for fleas and Aetheca wagneri, Orchopeus leucopus, Peromyscopsylla hesperomys, Pleochaetis exilis, and Thrassis fotus as the most important fleas associated with these rodents. Prairie dog colonies did not seem to facilitate transmission of fleas between rodent hosts, and the few rodent-flea associations exhibited significant differences between off- and on-colony grids. C1 [Thiagarajan, Bala] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, USGS, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Loughin, Thomas M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada. [Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thiagarajan, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[178:GVIRRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325MD UT WOS:000257592100022 PM 18697322 ER PT J AU King, LJ AF King, Lonnie J. TI Collaboration in public health: A new global imperative SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,,MS D-76, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kinglonn@msu.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 150 EP 150 DI 10.3138/jvme.35.2.150 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 340TO UT WOS:000258668100004 PM 18723792 ER PT J AU Maccabe, AT Matchett, KF Hueston, WD AF Maccabe, Andrew T. Matchett, Karin F. Hueston, William D. TI The need for public-health veterinarians as seen by future employers SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE public health; zoonotic medicine; structure of academic programs; public practice; global issues in veterinary medicine; biodefense; curriculum structure ID INSPECTION SERVICE; FOOD SAFETY; EDUCATION AB Future employers of veterinarians working in public health see a fast-growing demand. Emerging zoonotic diseases, bio-security threats, and food-safety problems all require the expertise of veterinarians with a focus on complex, global problems that span both human and animal health. The Public Health Task Force of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges convened a group of stakeholders representing various branches of the US federal government, state and local governments, and professional societies to discuss their needs for public-health veterinarians. This article discusses those needs, the broader societal needs that require veterinarians with public-health expertise, and the implications of these for educational programs to train DVMs in public-health issues. C1 [Maccabe, Andrew T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis CDC CCID, Atlanta, GA 30039 USA. [Matchett, Karin F.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Matchett, Karin F.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hueston, William D.] Univ Minnesota, Global Food Syst Endowed Chair, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hueston, William D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Maccabe, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis CDC CCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30039 USA. EM amaccabe@comcast.net NR 16 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 340TO UT WOS:000258668100026 PM 18723814 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Damon, IK Karem, KL AF Johnson, Matthew C. Damon, Inger K. Karem, Kevin L. TI A rapid, high-throughput vaccinia virus neutralization assay for testing smallpox vaccine efficacy based on detection of green fluorescent protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE vaccinia; neutralization; smallpox; GFP; Hoechst ID EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; VECTOR; CELLS; GENE AB Virus neutralization remains a vital tool in assessment of vaccine efficacy for smallpox in the absence of animal smallpox models. in this regard, development of a rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput vaccinia neutralization assay has been sought for evaluating alternative smallpox vaccines, use in bridging studies, as well as understanding the effects of anti-viral immunotherapeutic regimes. The most frequently used method of measuring vaccinia. virus neutralization by plaque reduction is time, labor, and material intensive, and therefore limiting in its utility for large scale, high-throughput analysis. Recent advances provide alternative methods that are less labor intensive and higher throughput but with limitations in reagents needed and ease of use. An innovative neutralization assay is described based on a modified Western Reserve vaccinia vector expressing green fluorescent protein (WR-GFP) and an adherent cell monolayer in multi-well plate for-mat. The assay is quick, accurate, provides a large dynamic range and is well suited for large-scale vaccination studies using standard adherent cell lines. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Matthew C.; Damon, Inger K.; Karem, Kevin L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Karem, KL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kkarem@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 2008 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.02.009 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 305DL UT WOS:000256157900003 PM 18387679 ER PT J AU Hartman, AL Ling, L Nichol, ST Hibberd, ML AF Hartman, Amy L. Ling, Ling Nichol, Stuart T. Hibberd, Martin L. TI Whole-genome expression profiling reveals that inhibition of host innate immune response pathways by Ebola virus can be reversed by a single amino acid change in the VP35 protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IN-VITRO; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; IRF-3 ACTIVATION; ZAIRE EBOLAVIRUS; RIG-I; INFECTION; TRANSCRIPTION AB Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a rapidly progressing acute febrile illness characterized by high virus replication, severe immunosuppression, and case fatalities of ca. 80%. Inhibition of phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) by the Ebola VP35 protein may block the host innate immune response and play an important role in the severity of disease. We used two precisely defined reverse genetics-generated Ebola viruses to investigate global host cell responses resulting from the inhibition of IRF-3 phosphorylation. The two viruses encoded either wild-type (WT) VP35 protein (recEbo-VP35/WT) or VP35 with an arginine (R)-to-alanine (A) amino acid substitution at position 312 (recEbo-VP35/R312A) within a previously defined IRF-3 inhibitory domain. When sucrose-gradient purified virus was used for infection, host cell whole-genome expression profiling revealed striking differences in human liver cell responses to these viruses differing by a single amino acid. The inhibition of host innate immune responses by WT Ebola virus was so potent that little difference in interferon and antiviral gene expression could be discerned between cells infected with purified WT, inactivated virus, or mock-infected cells. However, infection with recEbo-VP35/R312A virus resulted in a strong innate immune response including increased expression of MDA-5, RIG-I, RANTES, MCP-1, ISG-15, ISG-54, ISG-56, ISG-60, STAT1, IRF-9, OAS, and Mx1. The clear gene expression differences were obscured if unpurified virus stocks were used to initiate infection, presumably due to soluble factors present in virus-infected cell supernatant preparations. Ebola virus VP35 protein clearly plays a pivotal role in the potent inhibition of the host innate immune responses, and the present study indicates that VP35 has a wider effect on host cell responses than previously shown. The ability to eliminate this inhibitory effect with a single amino acid change in VP35 demonstrates the critical role this protein must play in the severe aspects this highly fatal disease. C1 [Hartman, Amy L.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ling, Ling; Hibberd, Martin L.] Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov RI Hibberd, Martin/D-5050-2009; OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973; Hibberd, Martin/0000-0001-8587-1849 NR 34 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 11 BP 5348 EP 5358 DI 10.1128/JVI.00215-08 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 301FN UT WOS:000255881900023 PM 18353943 ER PT J AU Rojek, JM Lee, AM Nguyen, N Spiropoulou, CF Kunz, S AF Rojek, Jillian M. Lee, Andrew M. Nguyen, NgocThao Spiropoulou, Christina F. Kunz, Stefan TI Site 1 protease is required for proteolytic processing of the glycoproteins of the South American hemorrhagic fever viruses Junin, Machupo, and Guanarito SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEINS; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; OLD-WORLD; IN-VIVO; CLEAVAGE; ARENAVIRUSES; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; PEPTIDE; SREBPS AB The cellular proprotein convertase site I protease (SIP) has been implicated in the proteolytic processing of the glycoproteins (GPs) of Old World arenaviruses. Here we report that SIP is also involved in the processing of the GPs of the genetically more-distant South American hemorrhagic fever viruses Guanarito, Machupo, and Junin. Efficient cleavage of Guanarito virus GP, whose protease recognition sites deviate from the reported SIP consensus sequence, indicates a broader specificity of SIP than anticipated. Lack of GP processing of Junin virus dramatically reduced production of infectious virus and prevented cell-to-cell propagation. Infection of SIP-deficient cells resulted in viral persistence over several weeks without the emergence of escape variants able to use other cellular proteases for GP processing. C1 [Kunz, Stefan] Univ Hosp Ctr, Inst Microbiol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kunz, Stefan] Univ Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Rojek, Jillian M.; Lee, Andrew M.; Nguyen, NgocThao; Kunz, Stefan] Scripps Res Inst, MIND, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Spiropoulou, Christina F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Univ Hosp Ctr, Inst Microbiol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Stefan.Kunz@chuv.ch RI Lee, Andrew/G-5470-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U54 AI065359, AI065560, R21 AI065560, U54 AI065359] NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 12 BP 6045 EP 6051 DI 10.1128/JVI.02392-07 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 309IJ UT WOS:000256453600037 PM 18400865 ER PT J AU Thompson, BK Peck, M Brandert, KT AF Thompson, Brenda K. Peck, Magda Brandert, Kathleen T. TI Integrating preconception health into public health practice: A tale of three cities SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In 2006, the national Select Panel on Preconception Care published a set of 10 recommendations on how to improve preconception health and healthcare in the United States. Since then, CDC has been engaged in efforts to ensure that those recommendations are implemented. To help translate the national recommendations into action at the local level, CDC funded CityMatCH, a national maternal and child health organization representing urban health departments, to coordinate a practice collaborative. Beginning in October 2006, multidisciplinary teams from Hartford, Connecticut, Nashville, Tennessee, and Los Angeles County, California, have engaged in the CityMatCH Urban Practice Collaborative on Preconception Health. The CityMatCH practice collaborative process includes team building and leadership development, community assessment, identification of strategies, and action planning around those strategies. The Hartford team's strategies are broad-conducting a scan of preconception health-related activity in Hartford and promoting public policy - and intended for building awareness of preconception health and healthcare among multiple audiences while strengthening the systems necessary to provide women's services. The Nashville team has focused on sickle cell trait as a point of entry into preconception care for women of reproductive age and has developed strategies involving extensive collaboration, a public awareness campaign, and data gathering. The Los Angeles County, California, team is strengthening and more explicitly connecting work related to preconception health that was already being performed in the public sector and the community. This paper describes the collaborative process designed by CityMatCH and highlights the three participating teams' experiences in implementing the national recommendations at the local urban level. C1 [Thompson, Brenda K.; Brandert, Kathleen T.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, CityMatCH, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Thompson, Brenda K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peck, Magda] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Child Hlth Policy, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Thompson, BK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, CityMatCH, 982170 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM BThompson2@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 723 EP 727 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0870 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 344AE UT WOS:000258896800001 PM 18481921 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Li, CY McGuire, LC Strine, TW Okoro, CA Brown, DW Zack, MM AF Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. Li, Chaoyang McGuire, Lisa C. Strine, Tara W. Okoro, Catherine A. Brown, David W. Zack, Matthew M. TI Gender differences in coronary heart disease and health-related quality of life: Findings from 10 states from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY-BYPASS SURGERY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CARDIAC REHABILITATION; MEASURING DISABILITY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; OLDER-ADULTS; LONG-TERM AB Background: Our objective was to examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and those without this condition in a population-based sample of U. S. adults and to examine the interaction between CHD and diabetes on HRQOL. Methods and Results: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 50,573 participants aged >= 18 years from 10 states of the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Data were self-reported. HRQOL was assessed with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HRQOL-4 measures. After adjusting for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational status, marital status, employment status, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol use, the percentages of women without CHD who, during the previous 30 days, reported experiencing >= 14 physically unhealthy days, >= 14 mentally unhealthy days, and >= 14 activity-limitation days were 7.5%, 10.4%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with 16.5% (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02, 3.07), 14.5% (OR = 1.58, 95%, CI 1.22, 2.04), and 8.4% (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.98, 3.30) for women with CHD. The adjusted percentages of men without CHD who reported experiencing >= 14 physically unhealthy days, >= 14 mentally unhealthy days, and >= 14 activity-limitation days were 5.6%, 6.0%, and 3.0%, respectively, compared with 10.1% (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.47, 2.32), 8.7% (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.00, 1.74), and 6.4% (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.49, 2.66) for men with CHD. A higher adjusted percentage of women with CHD reported experiencing >= 14 physically unhealthy days (p < 0.001) and >= 14 mentally unhealthy days (p = 0.002) but not >= 14 activity-limitation days (p = 0.090) than men with CHD. Conclusions: People with CHD have significantly impaired HRQOL compared with those without CHD. HRQOL among women with CHD is worse than that among men with CHD. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Li, Chaoyang; McGuire, Lisa C.; Strine, Tara W.; Okoro, Catherine A.; Brown, David W.; Zack, Matthew M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 757 EP 768 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0468 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 344AE UT WOS:000258896800005 PM 18537479 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Victor, M Sumartojo, E Cannon, MJ AF Ross, Danielle S. Victor, Marcia Sumartojo, Esther Cannon, Michael J. TI Women's knowledge of congenital cytomegalovirus: Results from the 2005 HealthStyles (TM) survey SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TO-MOTHER TRANSMISSION; GROUP DAY-CARE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CMV INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; IMMUNITY; WORKERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION AB Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is as common a cause of serious disability as Down syndrome and neural tube defects. When acquired prior to or during pregnancy, CMV can be transmitted transplacentally to the fetus, sometimes causing serious temporary symptoms, permanent disabilities, or both to the child. One way to prevent infection before and during pregnancy is through simple hygienic practices, such as handwashing. Methods: This study used the 2005 annual HealthStyles (TM) survey, a mail survey of the U. S. population aged > 18 years, to assess knowledge of congenital CMV. Self-reports by female respondents measured willingness to adopt particular hygienic behaviors to prevent CMV transmission. Results: Only 14% of female respondents had heard of CMV. Among women who reported they had heard of CMV, the largest proportion said they had heard about it from a doctor, hospital, clinic, or other health professional (29%). The accuracy of women's knowledge of what conditions congenital CMV can cause in the fetus was limited. The prevention behaviors surveyed in the present study (i.e., handwashing, not sharing drinking glasses or eating utensils with young children, and not kissing young children on the mouth) appeared to be generally acceptable. Conclusions: There are prevention behaviors that have the potential of substantially reducing the occurrence of CMV-related permanent disability in children. However, our results suggest that few women are aware of CMV or these prevention behaviors. C1 [Ross, Danielle S.; Victor, Marcia; Sumartojo, Esther] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cannon, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dross3@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0523 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 344AE UT WOS:000258896800014 PM 18537486 ER PT J AU Buchner, DM AF Buchner, David M. TI One lap around the track: The standard for mobility disability? SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; DISTANCE CORRIDOR WALK; INDEPENDENCE; PERFORMANCE; MORTALITY; EXERCISE C1 [Buchner, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buchner, DM (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, MS K-46,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbuchner@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 BP 586 EP 587 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 318IH UT WOS:000257084300007 PM 18559632 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Carmichael, W Kirkpatrick, B Williams, C Irvin, M Zhou, Y Johnson, TB Nierenberg, K Hill, VR Kieszak, SM Cheng, YS AF Backer, Lorraine C. Carmichael, Wayne Kirkpatrick, Barbara Williams, Christopher Irvin, Mitch Zhou, Yue Johnson, Trisha B. Nierenberg, Kate Hill, Vincent R. Kieszak, Stephanie M. Cheng, Yung-Sung TI Recreational exposure to low concentrations of microcystins during an algal bloom in a small lake SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE aerosol exposures; blue-green algae; cyanobacteria; microcystins; Microcystis aeruginosa; waterborne exposures ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; TIDE TOXINS BREVETOXINS; AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; DRINKING-WATER; CYANOBACTERIA; BRAZIL; ULTRAFILTRATION AB We measured microcystins in blood from people at risk for swallowing water or inhaling spray while swimming, water skiing, jet skiing, or boating during an algal bloom. We monitored water samples from a small lake as a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom developed. We recruited 97 people planning recreational activities in that lake and seven others who volunteered to recreate in a nearby bloom-free lake. We conducted our field study within a week of finding a 10-mu g/L microcystin concentration. We analyzed water, air, and human blood samples for water quality, potential human pathogens, algal taxonomy, and microcystin concentrations. We interviewed study participants for demographic and current health symptom information. Water samples were assayed for potential respiratory viruses (adenoviruses and enteroviruses), but none were detected. We did find low concentrations of Escherichia coli, indicating fecal contamination. We found low levels of microcystins (2 mu g/L to 5 mu g/L) in the water and (< 0.1 ng/m(3)) in the aerosol samples. Blood levels of microcystins for all participants were below the limit of detection(0.147 mu g/L). Given this low exposure level, study participants reported no symptom increases following recreational exposure to microcystins. This is the first study to report that water-based recreational activities can expose people to very low concentrations of aerosol-borne microcystins; we recently conducted another field study to assess exposures to higher concentrations of these algal toxins. C1 [Backer, Lorraine C.; Kieszak, Stephanie M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Carmichael, Wayne] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Nierenberg, Kate] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Williams, Christopher] Greenwater Labs, Pakatka, FL 32177 USA. [Irvin, Mitch; Zhou, Yue; Cheng, Yung-Sung] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Inhalat Toxicol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87285 USA. [Johnson, Trisha B.; Hill, Vincent R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Johnson, Trisha B.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lbacker@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737; Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 38 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 39 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.3390/md20080018 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 319YY UT WOS:000257202100015 PM 18728733 ER PT J AU Wysokinski, WE Mcbane, RD Daniels, PR Litin, SC Hodge, DO Dowling, NF Heit, JA AF Wysokinski, Waldemar E. Mcbane, Robert D. Daniels, Paul R. Litin, Scott C. Hodge, David O. Dowling, Nicole F. Heit, John A. TI Periprocedural anticoagulation management of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; BRIDGING THERAPY; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; ELECTIVE SURGERY; WARFARIN THERAPY; STROKE; RISK; INTERRUPTION; THROMBOSIS; SURVIVAL AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the 3-month cumulative incidence of thromboembolism (TE), bleeding, and death among consecutive patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who were receiving long-term anticoagulation therapy and were referred to the Thrombophilia Center at Mayo Clinic for periprocedural anticoagulation management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients receiving long-term anticoagulation therapy who were referred to the Thrombophilia Center for periprocedural anticoagulation management over the 7-year period, January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2003, 345 patients with nonvalvular AF were eligible for inclusion. Warfarin was stopped 4 to 5 days before and was restarted after surgery as soon as hemostasis was assured. The decision to provide bridging therapy with heparin was individualized and based on the estimated risks of TE and bleeding. RESULTS: The 345 patients with AF (mean +/- SD age, 74 9 years; 33% women) underwent 386 procedures. Warfarin administration was not interrupted for 44 procedures. Periprocedural heparin was provided for 204 procedures. Patients receiving heparin were more likely to have prior TE (43% vs 24%; P <.001) and a higher CHADS(2) (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke) score (2.2 vs 1.9; P=.06). Four patients had 6 episodes of TE (3 strokes and 3 acute coronary episodes; TE rate, 1.1%; 95% confidence Interval, 0.0%-2.1%). Nine patients had 10 major bleeding events (major bleeding rate, 2.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.0%-4.4%). There were no deaths. Neither bleeding nor TE rates differed by anticoagulant management strategy. CONCLUSION: The 3-month cumulative incidence of TE and bleeding among patients with AF in whom anticoagulation was temporarily interrupted for an invasive procedure was low and was not significantly Influenced by bridging therapy. C1 [Wysokinski, Waldemar E.; Mcbane, Robert D.; Litin, Scott C.; Heit, John A.] Mayo Clin, Thrombophilia Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Daniels, Paul R.; Litin, Scott C.] Mayo Clin, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Hodge, David O.] Mayo Clin, Div Biostat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Dowling, Nicole F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wysokinski, WE (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Thrombophilia Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM wysokinski.waldemar@mayo.edu OI Wysokinski, Waldemar/0000-0002-8119-6206 FU PHS HHS [30-0850] NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 83 IS 6 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 307PY UT WOS:000256332000006 PM 18533080 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Gottesman, II AF Thompson, William W. Gottesman, Irving I. TI Challenging the conclusion that lower preinduction cognitive ability increases risk for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder in 2,375 combat-exposed, Vietnam War veterans SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL RISKS; US VETERANS; IRAQ WAR; TRAUMA; INTELLIGENCE; REVISIT; PTSD; TWIN AB Objective: Among U.S. Vietnam War veterans, we assessed whether preinduction cognitive abilities were associated with the risk of developing combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The sample included 2,375 single-term, enlisted, male, Army, Vietnam War veterans who reported exposure to combat during the war. There were two measures of cognitive abilities obtained before military induction, the Armed Forces Qualification Test and the General Technical Examination. Associations of ability with current and lifetime diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, combat-related PTSD were assessed. An index was used to grade the severity of combat exposure. Results: Among low-combat exposure veterans, higher preinduction cognitive abilities decreased the risk for lifetime, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, combat-related PTSD. For veterans with higher levels of combat exposure, higher scores for preinduction cognitive abilities had no effect on reducing the risk for lifetime diagnosis of combat-related PTSD. For a current diagnosis of combat-related PTSD, similar to 20 years after the stressful life events, preinduction cognitive abilities had no effect on the rates of combat-related PTSD. Conclusions: We found significant interactions between preinduction cognitive abilities and severity of combat exposure for the lifetime diagnosis of combat-related PTSD among Army Vietnam War veterans. High levels of combat exposure are likely to exhaust intellectual resources available for coping with stressful life events. Lower scores for cognitive abilities are not uniformly disadvantageous, and this should be considered by military manpower policymakers. C1 [Thompson, William W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gottesman, Irving I.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI G, I/D-8042-2011; Gottesman, Irving/B-9303-2011 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 576 EP 582 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 313AQ UT WOS:000256713900012 PM 18595422 ER PT J AU Buff, AM Deshpande, SJ Harrington, TA Wofford, TS O'Hara, TW Carrigan, K Martin, NJ McDowell, JC Ijaz, K Jensen, PA Lambert, LA Moore, M Oeltmann, JE AF Buff, Ann M. Deshpande, Swati J. Harrington, Theresa A. Wofford, Taylor S. O'Hara, Timothy W. Carrigan, Kenichi Martin, Nicholas J. McDowell, Jackie C. Ijaz, Kashef Jensen, Paul A. Lambert, Lauren A. Moore, Marisa Oeltmann, John E. TI Investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission aboard the USS Ronald Reagan, 2006 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CLOSED ENVIRONMENT; OUTBREAK; FLUOROQUINOLONES; DIAGNOSIS; TRAVEL; TRIAL; SHIP AB Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in a sailor aboard the U.S.S. Ronald Reagan; an investigation was conducted to determine a screening strategy for 1,172 civilian passengers who were aboard during a temporary guest rider program. Sailors were screened for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease. A case-control study was conducted among sailors to determine factors associated with new LTBI. No secondary TB disease was identified; 13% of close contacts had new LTBI. Factors associated with new LTBI among sailors were having been born outside the United States (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-5.07) and being a carrier air wing member (adjusted odds ratio = 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-4.58). Among 38 civilian passengers berthed near the patient, 1 (3%) had LTBI. The investigation results indicated that Mteriuycobacm tuberculosis transmission was minimal and eliminated unnecessary TB screening for 1,134 civilians which saved public health resources. C1 [Buff, Ann M.; Deshpande, Swati J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buff, Ann M.; Harrington, Theresa A.; Ijaz, Kashef; Jensen, Paul A.; Lambert, Lauren A.; Moore, Marisa; Oeltmann, John E.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deshpande, Swati J.; Moore, Marisa] Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [O'Hara, Timothy W.; Carrigan, Kenichi] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. [Martin, Nicholas J.] USN Hosp Lemoore, Lemoore, CA 93243 USA. [McDowell, Jackie C.] USN Air Stn N Isl, Branch Med Clin, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. RP Buff, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 588 EP 593 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 313AQ UT WOS:000256713900014 PM 18595424 ER PT J AU van Capelle, CI Winkel, LPF Hagemans, MLC Shapira, SK Arts, WFM van Doorn, PA Hop, WCJ Reuser, AJJ van der Ploeg, AT AF van Capelle, C. I. Winkel, L. P. F. Hagemans, M. L. C. Shapira, S. K. Arts, W. F. M. van Doorn, P. A. Hop, W. C. J. Reuser, A. J. J. van der Ploeg, A. T. TI Eight years experience with enzyme replacement therapy in two children and one adult with Pompe disease SO NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Pompe disease; acid maltase deficiency; glycogenosis type 2; enzyme replacement therapy ID ACID ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; NATURAL COURSE; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RABBIT MILK; FOLLOW-UP; MUTATION AB Pompe disease (type 2 glycogenosis, acid maltase deficiency) is a disorder affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle, caused by deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase. In 2006 enzyme therapy with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase received marketing approval based on studies in infants. Results in older children and adults are awaited. Earlier we reported on the 3-year follow-up data of enzyme therapy in two adolescents and one adult. In the present study these patients were followed for another 5 years. Two severely affected patients, wheelchair and ventilator dependent, who had shown stabilization of pulmonary and muscle function in the first 3 years, maintained this stabilization over the 5-year extension period. In addition patients became more independent in daily life activities and quality of life improved. The third moderately affected patient had shown a remarkable improvement in muscle strength and regained the ability to walk over the first period. He showed further improvement of strength and reached normal values for age during the extension phase. The results indicate that both long-term follow-up and timing of treatment are important topics for future studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [van Capelle, C. I.; Winkel, L. P. F.; Hagemans, M. L. C.; van der Ploeg, A. T.] Erasmus MC Univ, Med Ctr, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Div Metab Dis & Genet,Dept Pediat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Shapira, S. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Pediat Genet Team, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arts, W. F. M.] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hop, W. C. J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Capelle, C. I.; Reuser, A. J. J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Doorn, P. A.] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP van der Ploeg, AT (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ, Med Ctr, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Div Metab Dis & Genet,Dept Pediat, POB 2060, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.vanderploeg@erasmusmc.nl NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-8966 J9 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORD JI Neuromusc. Disord. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.04.009 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 331PB UT WOS:000258023000003 PM 18508267 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Deddens, JA Steenland, K Sanderson, WT Petersen, MR AF Schubauer-Berigan, M. K. Deddens, J. A. Steenland, K. Sanderson, W. T. Petersen, M. R. TI Adjustment for temporal confounders in a reanalysis of a case - control study of beryllium and lung cancer SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; WORKERS AB Objectives: To evaluate potential confounding of the association between beryllium and lung cancer in a reanalysis of data from a published case-control study of workers at a beryllium processing facility. Methods: The association of cumulative and average beryllium exposure with lung cancer among 142 cases and five age-match controls per case was reanalysed using conditional logistic regression. Adjustment was made independently for potential confounders of hire age and birth year. Alternative adjustments to avoid taking the logarithm of zero were explored. Results: Adjustment for either birth cohort or hire age (two highly correlated factors) attenuated lung cancer risk associated with cumulative exposure; however, lung cancer risk was significantly associated with average exposure using a 10-year lag following adjustment. Stratification of analyses by birth cohort found greater lung cancer risk from cumulative and average exposure for workers born before 1900 than for workers born later. The magnitude of the association between lung cancer and average exposure was not reduced by modifying the method used to take the log of exposure. Conclusion: In this reanalysis, average, but not cumulative, beryllium exposure was related to lung cancer risk after adjustment for birth cohort. Confounding by birth cohort is likely related to differences in smoking patterns for workers born before 1900 and the tendency for workers hired during the World War II era to have been older at hire. C1 [Schubauer-Berigan, M. K.; Deddens, J. A.; Petersen, M. R.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sanderson, W. T.] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sanderson, W. T.] Univ Iowa, Sch Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, MS-R15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM zcg3@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.033654 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302FT UT WOS:000255954900004 PM 17890301 ER PT J AU Feng, YY Ortega, Y Cama, V Terrell, J Xiao, LH AF Feng, Yaoyu Ortega, Ynes Cama, Vitaliano Terrell, Jacob Xiao, Lihua TI High intragenotypic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle on three farms SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CALVES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; SUBGENOTYPES; INFECTIONS AB Fifty-eight Giardia duodenalis-positive fecal specimens from three dairy farms in Georgia, USA were genotyped and subtyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene. Both the livestock-specific assemblage E and the potentially zoonotic assemblage A were found, with the former assemblage detected in 83% of the specimens. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within assemblage E, with 11 distinct subtypes identified, eight of which represented new subtypes. Three subtypes were identified in assemblage A, with the subtype A2 transiently found in calves and cows on one farm. All farms had multiple assemblage E subtypes circulating in cattle at each sampling, and concurrent infection with mixed subtypes or genotypes occurred in 24% of animals. Thus, the high intensity of G. duodenalis transmission is not only reflected by the high prevalence of the infection but also by the high intragenotypic diversity and concurrent occurrence of mixed infections. The zoonotic potential of bovine G. duodenalis needs to be further studied by extensive characterization of assemblage A specimens at the subtype level. C1 [Feng, Yaoyu; Cama, Vitaliano; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Ortega, Ynes; Terrell, Jacob] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 22 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00436-008-0932-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 303FH UT WOS:000256025900012 PM 18338181 ER PT J AU Schendel, D Bhasin, TK AF Schendel, Diana Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar TI Birth weight and gestational age characteristics of children with autism, including a comparison with other developmental disabilities SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; birth weight; gestational age; developmental disabilities; gender distribution ID PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ADULT DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DISORDER; FETAL AB OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to compare the birth weight and gestational age distributions and prevalence rates of autism with those of other developmental disabilities and to estimate the birth weight - and gestational age-specific risks for autism. METHODS. For the first objective, a retrospective cohort of children born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1981-1993 who survived to 3 years of age was identified through vital records. Children in the cohort who had developmental disabilities (autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, or vision impairment) and were still residing in metropolitan Atlanta at 3 to 10 years of age were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. A nested case-control sample from the cohort was used for the second objective; all cohort children identified with autism were case participants, and control participants were cohort children who were not identified as having developmental disabilities or receiving special education services. RESULTS. The prevalence of autism in low birth weight or preterm children was markedly lower than those of other developmental disabilities. In multivariate analyses, birth weight of <2500 g and preterm birth at <33 weeks' gestation were associated with an approximately twofold increased risk for autism, although the magnitude of risk from these factors varied according to gender (higher in girls) and autism subgroup (higher for autism accompanied by other developmental disabilities). For example, a significant fourfold increased risk was observed in low birth weight girls for autism accompanied by mental retardation, whereas there was no significantly increased risk observed in low birth weight boys for autism alone. CONCLUSIONS. Gender and autism subgroup differences in birth weight and gestational age, resulting in lower gender ratios with declining birth weight or gestational age across all autism subgroups, might be markers for etiologic heterogeneity in autism. C1 [Schendel, Diana; Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schendel, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dschendel@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1049 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700046 PM 18519485 ER PT J AU Haber, P Patel, M Izurieta, HS Baggs, J Gargiullo, P Weintraub, E Cortese, M Braun, MM Belongia, EA Miller, E Ball, R Iskander, J Parashar, UD AF Haber, Penina Patel, Manish Izurieta, Hector S. Baggs, James Gargiullo, Paul Weintraub, Eric Cortese, Margaret Braun, M. Miles Belongia, Edward A. Miller, Elaine Ball, Robert Iskander, John Parashar, Umesh D. TI Postlicensure monitoring of intussusception after RotaTeq vaccination in the United States, February 1, 2006, to September 25, 2007 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccine; intussusception; vaccine safety; adverse event ID EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; ORAL ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; ADVERSE EVENTS; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; INFANTS; CHILDREN; VAERS AB BACKGROUND. In 1999, a previous rotavirus vaccine (RotaShield; Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, PA) was withdrawn from the US market after postlicensure monitoring identified an association with intussusception. Although the new rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq; Merck, West Point, PA) introduced in 2006 was not associated with intussusception in prelicensure trials, additional monitoring is important to ensure a complete safety profile. METHODS. We assessed intussusception reports after RotaTeq vaccination by using data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and the Vaccine Safety Datalink, a cohort of children enrolled in managed care. Observed versus expected rate ratios were determined by using vaccine dose distribution data and Vaccine Safety Datalink background intussusception rates. RESULTS. Between February 1, 2006, and September 25, 2007, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System received 160 intussusception reports after RotaTeq vaccination. With the assumptions that reporting completeness was 75% and that 75% of the distributed doses of RotaTeq were administered, the observed versus expected rate ratios were 0.53 and 0.91 for the 1-21 and 1-7 day interval after vaccination, respectively. In the Vaccine Safety Datalink, 3 intussusception cases occurred within 30 days after 111 521 RotaTeq vaccinations, compared with 6 cases after 186 722 non-RotaTeq vaccinations during the same period. If, like RotaShield, RotaTeq had a 37-fold increased risk of intussusception within 3 to 7 days after vaccination, then 8 intussusception cases would be expected within 3 to 7 days among the similar to 84 000 infants vaccinated with the first dose of RotaTeq in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (N = 49 902) and the prelicensure trial (N = 34 035) combined, whereas no cases have been observed. CONCLUSIONS. Available data do not indicate that RotaTeq is associated with intussusception. Although an intussusception risk similar in magnitude to that of RotaShield can be excluded, continued monitoring is necessary for complete assessment of the safety profile of RotaTeq. C1 [Patel, Manish; Cortese, Margaret; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haber, Penina; Baggs, James; Gargiullo, Paul; Weintraub, Eric; Miller, Elaine; Iskander, John] Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Izurieta, Hector S.; Braun, M. Miles; Ball, Robert] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aul3@cdc.gov OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 21 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3793 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700052 PM 18519491 ER PT J AU Sathyanarayana, S Calafat, AM Karr, CJ Lozano, P Brown, E Swan, SH AF Sathyanarayana, Sheela Calafat, Antonia M. Karr, Catherine J. Lozano, Paula Brown, Elizabeth Swan, Shanna H. TI Baby care products - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Karr, Catherine J.; Lozano, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Karr, Catherine J.] Univ Washington, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Sathyanarayana, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1292 EP + DI 10.1542/peds.2008-0748 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700070 ER PT J AU Li, J Thompson, TD Miller, JW Pollack, LA Stewart, SL AF Li, Jun Thompson, Trevor D. Miller, Jacqueline W. Pollack, Lori A. Stewart, Sherri L. TI Cancer incidence among children and adolescents in the United States, 2001-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE neoplasms; child; adolescent; pediatrics; SEER program ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; SURVEILLANCE; TRENDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGISTRIES; SURVIVAL; PROJECT; PROGRAM; DISEASE; NEVADA AB OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to describe current childhood cancer incidence in the United States and identify demographic and geographic variation among children and adolescents with cancer. METHODS. We examined data from 39 National Program of Cancer Registries and 5 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results statewide registries (representing > 90% of the US population) to identify cancers diagnosed among persons aged 0 to 19 from 2001-2003. Diagnosed cancers were grouped by the third version of the International Childhood Cancer Classification. Analyses were stratified according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, and US census region. A multivariable negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate demographic and geographic differences in incidence for all cancers combined. RESULTS. We identified 36 446 cases of childhood cancer with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 165.92 per million. Stratified analyses showed that, for all cancers combined, boys had a significantly higher rate than girls; children (aged 0 - 14 years) had a significantly lower rate than adolescents (aged 15 - 19 years); and white children had the highest incidence rate among all races. Young people living in the Northeast had the highest incidence rate among all US census regions, which may be partially attributed to significantly higher incidence rates for central nervous system neoplasms and lymphomas in this region compared with other US census regions. Negative binomial regression analysis demonstrated that the childhood cancer- incidence rate varied significantly according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, and geography. CONCLUSIONS. This study is the first to demonstrate substantial regional differences in the incidence of childhood cancer. It also shows that incidence varies according to gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Our research findings are useful for prioritizing future childhood cancer research needs. C1 [Li, Jun; Thompson, Trevor D.; Miller, Jacqueline W.; Pollack, Lori A.; Stewart, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Li, Jun] Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stewart, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sstewart2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP E1470 EP E1477 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-2964 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700001 PM 18519450 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Jereb, JA Starke, JR AF Lobato, Mark N. Jereb, John A. Starke, Jeffrey R. TI Unintended consequences: Mandatory tuberculin skin testing and severe isoniazid hepatotoxicity SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE latent tuberculosis infection; prevention; tuberculin skin test; isoniazid; hepatotoxicity; liver transplantation ID CHILDREN; THERAPY AB After mandatory school-enrollment tuberculin skin testing, a 4-year-old girl who was at low risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection had severe isoniazid hepatotoxicity that was managed with a liver transplant. Although severe isoniazid hepatotoxicity is very uncommon in children, this case emphasizes the need to limit skin testing to persons who have a risk factor for infection and to educate parents on how to monitor for adverse effects during treatment. C1 [Lobato, Mark N.; Jereb, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Starke, Jeffrey R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, 410 Capitol Ave,MS 11-TUB,POB 340308, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM mark.lobato@ct.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP E1732 EP E1733 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-2773 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700036 PM 18474531 ER PT J AU Warner, L Klausner, JD Rietmeijer, CA Malotte, CK O'Donnell, L Margolis, AD Greenwood, GL Richardson, D Vrungos, S O'Donnell, CR Borkowf, CB AF Warner, Lee Klausner, Jeffrey D. Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Malotte, C. Kevin O'Donnell, Lydia Margolis, Andrew D. Greenwood, Gregory L. Richardson, Doug Vrungos, Shelley O'Donnell, Carl R. Borkowf, Craig B. CA City Study Grp TI Effect of a brief video intervention on incident infection among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; SMOKING-CESSATION; STD-RISK; PREVENTION; GONORRHEA; KNOWLEDGE; MEN AB Background Sexually transmitted disease ( STD) prevention remains a public health priority. Simple, practical interventions to reduce STD incidence that can be easily and inexpensively administered in high-volume clinical settings are needed. We evaluated whether a brief video, which contained STD prevention messages targeted to all patients in the waiting room, reduced acquisition of new infections after that clinic visit. Methods and Findings In a controlled trial among patients attending three publicly funded STD clinics ( one in each of three US cities) from December 2003 to August 2005, all patients (n 38,635) were systematically assigned to either a theory-based 23-min video depicting couples overcoming barriers to safer sexual behaviors, or the standard waiting room environment. Condition assignment alternated every 4 wk and was determined by which condition ( intervention or control) was in place in the clinic waiting room during the patient's first visit within the study period. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare STD incidence between intervention and control patients. The primary endpoint was time to diagnosis of incident laboratory-confirmed infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, syphilis, and HIV), as identified through review of medical records and county STD surveillance registries. During 14.8 mo ( average) of follow-up, 2,042 patients (5.3%) were diagnosed with incident STD (4.9%, intervention condition; 5.7%, control condition). In survival analysis, patients assigned to the intervention condition had significantly fewer STDs compared with the control condition (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.99). Conclusions Showing a brief video in STD clinic waiting rooms reduced new infections nearly 10% overall in three clinics. This simple, low-intensity intervention may be appropriate for adoption by clinics that serve similar patient populations. C1 [Warner, Lee; Margolis, Andrew D.; Borkowf, Craig B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Warner, Lee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Greenwood, Gregory L.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.; Richardson, Doug] Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Malotte, C. Kevin; Vrungos, Shelley] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [O'Donnell, Lydia; O'Donnell, Carl R.] Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dlw7@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 919 EP 927 AR e135 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050135 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 318QB UT WOS:000257105600016 PM 18578564 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Ramaswamy, M Hawkes, SJ Geretti, AM AF Paz-Bailey, G. Ramaswamy, M. Hawkes, S. J. Geretti, A. M. TI Herpes simplex virus type 2: epidemiology and management options in developing countries SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID GENITAL-ULCER-DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; MOLECULAR METHODS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HSV-2 INFECTION; HIGH-PREVALENCE AB Genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) is highly prevalent worldwide and an increasingly important cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD). Continued HSV2 transmission is facilitated by the large number of undiagnosed cases, the frequency of atypical disease and the occurrence of asymptomatic shedding. The lack of easy, affordable diagnostic methods and specific antiviral treatment in countries with low and middle income is of great concern, given the ability of GUD to enhance HIV transmission and acquisition. With rising HSV2 prevalence contributing to an increase in the proportion of GUD attributed to genital herpes in high-HIV prevalence settings, a safe and effective HSV vaccine is urgently needed. Meanwhile, multifaceted interventions are required to improve recognition of genital herpes, to prevent its spread and also to prevent its potential to promote HIV transmission in developing countries. C1 [Paz-Bailey, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Cent Amer Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, U3321, Miami, FL 34024 USA. [Ramaswamy, M.; Geretti, A. M.] UCL Royal Free Hosp, Dept Virol, London NW3 2QG, England. [Ramaswamy, M.; Geretti, A. M.] UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, London NW3 2QG, England. [Hawkes, S. J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Cent Amer Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, U3321, Miami, FL 34024 USA. EM gpbz@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0032-5473 J9 POSTGRAD MED J JI Postgrad. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 84 IS 992 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.020966 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328IB UT WOS:000257790500005 PM 18644920 ER PT J AU Keyserling, TC Hodge, CDS Jilcott, SB Johnston, LF Garcia, BA Gizlice, Z Gross, MD Savinon, CE Bangdiwala, SI Will, JC Farris, RP Trost, S Ammerman, AS AF Keyserling, Thomas C. Hodge, Carmen D. Samuel Jilcott, Stephanie B. Johnston, Larry F. Garcia, Beverly A. Gizlice, Ziya Gross, Myron D. Savinon, Carla E. Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Will, Julie C. Farris, Rosanne P. Trost, Stewart Ammerman, Alice S. TI Randomized trial of a clinic-based, community-supported, lifestyle intervention to improve physical activity and diet: The North Carolina enhanced WISEWOMAN project SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; diet; nutrition; randomized controlled trial; exercise, carotenoids, community resources ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEALTH-PROMOTION; COMPUTER-SCIENCE; ACTIVITY MONITOR; QUALITY INDEX; BETA-CAROTENE; RISK-FACTORS AB Objective. To determine if a clinic-based behavioral intervention program for low-income mid-life women that emphasizes use of community resources will increase moderate intensity physical activity (PA) and improve dietary intake. Methods. Randomized trial conducted from May 2003 to December 2004 at one community health center in Wilmington, NC. A total of 236 women, ages 40-64, were randomized to receive an Enhanced Intervention (EI) or Minimal Intervention (MI). The El consisted of an intensive phase (6 months) including 2 individual counseling sessions, 3 group sessions, and 3 phone calls from a peer counselor followed by a maintenance phase (6 months) including I individual counseling session and 7 monthly peer counselor calls. Both phases included efforts to increase participants' use of community resources that promote positive lifestyle change. The MI consisted of a one-time mailing of pamphlets on diet and PA. Outcomes, measured at 6 and 12 months, included the comparison of moderate intensity PA between study groups as assessed by accelerometer (primary outcome) and questionnaire, and dietary intake assessed by questionnaire and serum carotenoids (6 months only). Results. For accelerometer outcomes, follow-up was 75% at 6 months and 73% at 12 months. Though moderate intensity PA increased in the El and decreased in the MI, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.45; multivariate model, p = 0.08); however, moderate intensity PA assessed by questionnaire (92% follow-up at 6 months and 75% at 12 months) was greater in the El (p=0.01; multivariate model, p=0.001). For dietary outcomes, follow-up was 90% for questionnaire and 92% for serum carotenoids at 6 months and 74% for questionnaire at 12 months. Dietary intake improved more in the El compared to the MI (questionnaire at 6 and 12 months, p<0.001; serum carotenoid index, p = 0.05; multivariate model, p = 0.03). Conclusion. The El did not improve objectively measured PA, but was associated with improved self-reported and objective measures of dietary intake. Clinical trials registration. clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00288327. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Keyserling, Thomas C.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hodge, Carmen D. Samuel; Ammerman, Alice S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hodge, Carmen D. Samuel; Ammerman, Alice S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Keyserling, Thomas C.; Hodge, Carmen D. Samuel; Jilcott, Stephanie B.; Johnston, Larry F.; Garcia, Beverly A.; Gizlice, Ziya; Ammerman, Alice S.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gross, Myron D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Savinon, Carla E.] New Hanover Commun Hlth Ctr, Wilmington, NC USA. [Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Will, Julie C.; Farris, Rosanne P.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trost, Stewart] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Keyserling, TC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, CB 7110, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jato@med.unc.edu RI Trost, Stewart/B-5948-2012 OI Trost, Stewart/0000-0001-9587-3944 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK056350] NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.011 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 325ZF UT WOS:000257627000005 PM 18394692 ER PT J AU Stein, K Hawkins, N Zhao, L Rodriguez, J Berkowitz, Z Smith, T AF Stein, Kevin Hawkins, Nikki Zhao, Luhua Rodriguez, Juan Berkowitz, Zahava Smith, Tenbroeck TI Health-related Behavior change after cancer: Results of the American cancer society's (ACS) studies of cancer survivors (SCS) SO PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stein, Kevin; Zhao, Luhua; Smith, Tenbroeck] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hawkins, Nikki; Rodriguez, Juan; Berkowitz, Zahava] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9249 J9 PSYCHO-ONCOL JI Psycho-Oncol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 SU S BP S137 EP S138 PG 2 WC Oncology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Oncology; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 329NL UT WOS:000257874200260 ER PT J AU Jarlais, DCD Semaan, S AF Jarlais, Don C. Des Semaan, Salaam TI HIV prevention for injecting drug users: The first 25 years and counting SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injecting drug use; HIV prevention; HIV/AIDS ID NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; HIGH PREVALENCE; ABUSE TREATMENT; INFECTION; INTERVENTIONS; EPIDEMIC; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE AB During the last three decades, both the injection of illicit psychoactive drugs and HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) have spread throughout industrialized and developing countries. Extremely rapid transmission of HIV has occurred in IDU populations with incidence rates of 10 to 50/100 person-years. In sharp contrast, there are many examples of very effective HIV risk reduction for IDUs, both in preventing initial epidemics and in bringing existing epidemics under control. IDUs are capable of learning basic information about HIV/AIDS and modifying their behavior to protect both themselves and their peers. Effective HIV prevention for IDUs requires programs that treat IDUs with dignity and respect, provide accurate information and the means for behavior change-access to sterile injection equipment, condoms, and drug abuse treatment. Programs that provide these services need to be implemented on a public health scale for IDU populations at risk for HIV infection. Key words: injecting drug use, HIV prevention, HIV/AIDS. C1 [Jarlais, Don C. Des] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Baron Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Semaan, Salaam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarlais, DCD (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Baron Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, 160 Water St 24th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181772157 PG 6 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 321LS UT WOS:000257307100013 ER PT J AU Decker, FH AF Decker, Frederic H. TI The relationship of nursing staff to the hospitalization of nursing home residents SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE registered nurses; discharge status; sample characteristics; staffing skill mix; licensed nurses ID LONG-TERM-CARE; RATES; FACILITY; OUTCOMES; MEDICAID AB Researchers have found registered nurse (RN) staffing unrelated to the Prevention of hospitalizations of nursing home residents. Although most nursing home admissions are from hospitals, their studies involved residents who probably were not admitted from hospitals. In this study I examined data on 6,623 discharges of nursing home residents admitted or not admitted from a hospital. For patients with longer stays (> 30 days), higher RN staffing levels in nursing homes reduced hospitalizations only for residents admitted from hospitals. Higher RN levels reduced hospitalizations more than higher licensed nurse levels or skill mix. Only among longer-stay residents not admitted from hospitals was RN staffing unrelated to hospitalizations. Researchers may have found RN staffing unrelated to hospitalizations because samples were primarily longer-stay residents not admitted from hospitals. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Decker, FH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3435, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0160-6891 EI 1098-240X J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 238 EP 251 DI 10.1002/nur.20249 PG 14 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 305XI UT WOS:000256210700006 PM 18228574 ER PT J AU Morrow, JR Fulton, JE Brener, ND Kohl, HW AF Morrow, James R., Jr. Fulton, Janet E. Brener, Nancy D. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Prevalence and correlates of physical fitness testing in US schools-2000 SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE health; health-related fitness; schools; SHPPS ID HEALTH POLICIES; YOUTH; PROGRAMS; AGE AB Because of the perceived lack of youth physical fitness and/or concerns for increased obesity, physical education teachers are interested in youth fitness and physical activity levels. Statewide mandates are being developed that require school-based teachers to complete physical fitness testing. Data from the nationally representative School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of fitness testing and the professional characteristics of fitness test users. Data: were collected with teachers of either randomly selected classes in elementary schools and randomly selected required physical education courses in middle/junior high and senior high schools (N = 1,564). The prevalence of fitness test use is 65% across all school levels. Variables associated with physical fitness test usage., were professionally oriented. Results showed that teachers in secondary schools (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-4.27), those with degrees in physical education/kinesiology-related disciplines (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.11-3.63), and those who had completed staff development on physical fitness testing (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.86-5.60) were more likely than respondents without these characteristics to engage in physical fitness testing. Results changed little when separate analyses were conducted for classes/courses in districts requiring versus not requiring fitness testing. Financial variables, including fitness-oriented facilities available, metropolitan location, and discretionary expenditures per student, were not associated with fitness test use. Results provided national prevalence of school-based physical fitness testing use in the U. S. and conveyed information about those who currently use physical fitness tests. C1 [Morrow, James R., Jr.] Univ N Texas, Dept Kinesiol Hlth Promot & Recreat, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brener, Nancy D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kohl, Harold W., III] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Morrow, JR (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Kinesiol Hlth Promot & Recreat, POB 310769, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM jim.morrow@unt.edu RI Kim, Hyung Woo /G-7525-2011 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 316EJ UT WOS:000256931400003 PM 18664038 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KM Cohen, C Schneider, H Gould, SM Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA AF McCarthy, Kerrigan M. Cohen, Cheryl Schneider, Helen Gould, Susan M. Brandt, Mary E. Hajjeh, Rana A. TI Cryptococcosis in Gauteng: Implications for monitoring of HIV treatment programmes SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [McCarthy, Kerrigan M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl; Schneider, Helen] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Policy, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Epidemiol & Surveillance Unit, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gould, Susan M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Mycol Reference Unit, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gould, Susan M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Div Virol & Communicable Dis Surveillance, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hajjeh, Rana A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCarthy, KM (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM kmccarthy@rhru.co.za NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 452 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 319YX UT WOS:000257202000017 PM 18683376 ER PT J AU Barry, PM Scott, KC McCright, J Snell, A Lee, M Bascom, T Kent, CK Klausner, JD AF Barry, Pennan M. Scott, Katherine C. McCright, Jacqueline Snell, Ameera Lee, Monica Bascom, Trish Kent, Charlotte K. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Stay in school? Results of a sexually transmitted diseases screening program in San Francisco high schools - 2007 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID DNA AMPLIFICATION; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA AB Objectives: To provide chlamydia and gonorrhea screening and treatment to adolescents presumed to be at high risk, school screening was conducted among the 11th and 12th graders in San Francisco. Study Design: Two schools in neighborhoods with high chlamydia and gonorrhea rates and student populations >= 15% black were chosen. Students viewed a 10-minute presentation and received test kits. Students decided in a private bathroom stall whether to test. All students were encouraged to return a test kit (whether they returned a urine specimen). Results: Of 967 eligible students, 853 (88%) were in attendance. Of these, 21 (2%) declined to participate and 537 (63%) returned a specimen for testing. Students who tested were predominately heterosexual (93%) and nonwhite (99%). No students tested positive for gonorrhea; 7 (1.3%) tested positive for chlamydia. Positivity was 2.2% (5 of 227) for female students and 0.6% (2 of 310) for male students. Positivity by race/ethnicity was 5.4% (4 of 74) for blacks, 2.0% (2 of 98) for Hispanics, 0.3% (1 of 342) for Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 0% (0 of 4) for whites. The highest positivity was among black female students: 9.3% (4 of 43). Not including planning and follow-up, each case identified used 63 staff hours. Conclusions: Despite high participation among students attending school in high morbidity neighborhoods, few infections were identified. This is likely because students have low rates of sexual activity and do not necessarily attend neighborhood schools. Screening used substantial resources. Sexually transmitted disease control programs considering school screening should consider local epidemiology and whether schools have substantial proportions of students likely at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. C1 [Barry, Pennan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barry, Pennan M.; Scott, Katherine C.; McCright, Jacqueline; Snell, Ameera; Lee, Monica; Kent, Charlotte K.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bascom, Trish] San Francisco Unified Sch Dist, San Francisco, CA USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Barry, PM (reprint author), 1360 Miss St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM pennanbarry@gmail.com NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 550 EP 552 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816a43d3 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 304OW UT WOS:000256119800005 PM 18356770 ER PT J AU Xu, F Gee, JM Naleway, A Zangwill, KM Ackerson, B Eriksen, E Weintraub, ES Hutchins, K Wei, F Berman, SM Markowitz, LE AF Xu, Fujie Gee, Julianne M. Naleway, Allison Zangwill, Kenneth M. Ackerson, Bradley Eriksen, Eileen Weintraub, Eric S. Hutchins, Kathleen Wei, Feifei Berman, Stuart M. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in two managed care organizations: Implications for surveillance SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; ACYCLOVIR; DELIVERY; MOTHERS; RISK AB Objectives: To estimate the incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and to assess the utility of surveillance methods for neonatal herpes in 2 managed care populations. Methods: We identified potential cases using 15 discharge International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes for neonatal HSV and other diseases clinically consistent with this diagnosis. We also searched laboratory databases for positive HSV tests and investigated deaths during the neonatal period. We performed medical chart review using a standardized form. Two pediatric infectious disease specialists reviewed the forms of infants who had a positive HSV test or received a herpes-related diagnosis and made a determination as confirmed, probable, or not a case. Results: Among 270,703 infants born from 1997 to 2002, we identified 737 potential cases and completed medical chart abstraction for 699 (95%). Final review identified 35 confirmed or probable cases of neonatal HSV, and the incidence was 12.9 per 100,000 live births. Only 24 (69%) of the 35 cases were confirmed by laboratory testing. Among the 24 confirmed cases, 22 (92%) received an ICD-9 code of 054.xx or 771.2. Among the 60 infants that received an ICD-9 code of 054.xx or 771.2, only 31 (52%) were confirmed or probable cases of neonatal HSV after final review. Conclusions: About 30% of neonatal HSV cases were not laboratory confirmed. The use of ICD-9 codes of 054.xx and 771.2 was a sensitive but not specific method to identify cases of neonatal herpes. C1 [Xu, Fujie; Hutchins, Kathleen; Berman, Stuart M.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gee, Julianne M.; Weintraub, Eric S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Naleway, Allison] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Zangwill, Kenneth M.; Eriksen, Eileen] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Ackerson, Bradley] So California Kaiser Permanente Med Grp, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wei, Feifei] HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Xu, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fax1@cdc.gov OI Naleway, Allison/0000-0001-5747-4643 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 592 EP 598 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181666af5 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 304OW UT WOS:000256119800013 PM 18418296 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA McKinney, CM Garg, R Gwynn, RC White, K Lee, F Blank, S Thorpe, L Frieden, T AF Schillinger, Julia A. McKinney, Christy M. Garg, Renu Gwynn, R. Charon White, Kellee Lee, Francis Blank, Susan Thorpe, Lorna Frieden, Thomas TI Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 and characteristics associated with undiagnosed infection: New York City, 2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GENITAL HERPES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; METAANALYSIS; ACQUISITION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; HIV; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is associated with substantial morbidity and increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. We describe HSV-2 seroprevalence in adult New Yorkers, and examine the relationship between select characteristics, infection, and diagnosis. Methods: HSV-2 seroprevalence and risk factors were measured using the 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based cross-sectional survey of adults. HSV-2 seroprevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed for select characteristics. Associations between proposed risk factors and HSV-2 infection and diagnosis were estimated using unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios. Results: Nearly 28% of adults were infected with HSV-2; 88.4% of HSV-2 positive persons were undiagnosed. Black women had the highest seroprevalence (59.7%) of any sex or race/ethnicity group. Women, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics (vs. non-Hispanic whites), and men who have sex with men were at greater odds of HSV-2 infection. Among HSV-2 infected individuals, non-Hispanic blacks (vs. non-Hispanic whites), uncircumcised men, and those with no routine place of care were less likely to be diagnosed. Conclusions: HSV-2 is highly prevalent and largely undiagnosed in New York City; seroprevalence varies by subgroup. Targeted HSV-2 screening, counseling and treatment may help reduce transmission of HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus. C1 [Schillinger, Julia A.; Garg, Renu; Blank, Susan; Thorpe, Lorna; Frieden, Thomas] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Surveillance Epidemiol & Res Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Schillinger, Julia A.; Blank, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McKinney, Christy M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX USA. [Gwynn, R. Charon] Columbia Univ, Int Ctr AIDS Care, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gwynn, R. Charon] Columbia Univ, Treatment Pro, New York, NY 10027 USA. [White, Kellee] New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. [Lee, Francis] Emory Univ, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Surveillance Epidemiol & Res Bur STD Control, 125 Worth St,Room 207,CN 73, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM jschilli@health.nyc.gov NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181666fb1 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 304OW UT WOS:000256119800014 PM 18418295 ER PT J AU Bingham, TA Secura, GM Behel, SK Bunch, JG Simon, PA MacKellar, DA AF Bingham, Trista A. Secura, Gina M. Behel, Stephanie K. Bunch, J. Gordon Simon, Paul A. MacKellar, Duncan A. TI HIV risk factors reported by two samples of male bathhouse attendees in Los Angeles, California, 2001-2002 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE CLINIC POPULATION; FRANCISCO-BAY-TIMES; GAY BATHHOUSES; HEALTH-POLICY; SEROPREVALENCE; VOLUNTARY; REASONS AB Background: We aimed to describe the use of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services, risk behaviors, and risk factors for unprotected anal sex (UAS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended a bathhouse in Los Angeles during 2001-2002. Methods: Using 2 cross-sectional study samples, we compared (in order below) 458 or 640 MSM who used voluntary HIV counseling and testing in the bathhouse with 398 MSM surveyed upon exit. Within each group, logistic regression identified factors associated with UAS at their most recent bathhouse visit. Results: Of 640 MSM, 71 (11%) tested HIV-positive for the first time. Of the 50 HIV-positive MSM who completed a survey, 50% tested because of the convenient services. Similar proportions of MSM in both survey samples reported UAS (7%-8%) during their recent bathhouse visit. Risk factors associated with UAS in both survey samples were UAS with men outside the bathhouse and greater numbers of partners within the bathhouse. Conclusions: Comprehensive prevention services provided within bathhouses may reduce undiagnosed HIV infections among MSM, and targeting HIV prevention at the bathhouse may reduce risks with partners both inside and outside the bathhouse. C1 [Bingham, Trista A.; Simon, Paul A.] HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles Cty Dep Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. [Secura, Gina M.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Behel, Stephanie K.; MacKellar, Duncan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bunch, J. Gordon] Los Angeles Cty Dept Mental Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Bingham, TA (reprint author), HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles Cty Dep Publ Hlth, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Suite 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. EM tbingham@ph.lacounty.gov FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906253] NR 22 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816b475a PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 304OW UT WOS:000256119800020 PM 18545142 ER PT J AU Uuskula, A Fischer, K Raudne, R Kilgi, H Krylov, R Salminen, M Brummer-Korvenkontio, H St Lawrence, J Aral, S AF Uuskula, A. Fischer, K. Raudne, R. Kilgi, H. Krylov, R. Salminen, M. Brummer-Korvenkontio, H. St Lawrence, J. Aral, S. TI A study on HIV and hepatitis C virus among commercial sex workers in Tallinn SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; ESTONIA; PREVALENCE AB Introduction: Estonia is confronted by a dramatic expansion of the initially injection drug use-driven HIV epidemic. Little is known about HIV occurrence in population groups at high risk other than injection drug users. Objective: To obtain data on the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among female sex workers (FSW) in Tallinn. Design: An unlinked, anonymous, cross-sectional survey of FSW recruited in Tallinn from October 2005 to May 2006. Methods: 227 FSW were recruited for the survey and biological sample collection (HIV, HCV antibodies detection) using a combination of time-location, community and respondent-driven sampling. Results: Among 227 women the HIV and HCV prevalences were 7.6% (95% CI 4.6% to 12.5%) and 7.9% (95% CI 4.5% to 12.6%), respectively. HIV prevalence was higher among FSW working in the street (odds ratio (OR) 6.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 35.6) and at the brothels and apartments supervised by the organised sex industry (OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.3 to 18.4). The duration of sex work was negatively associated with HIV prevalence (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.97). Conclusions: Prevention needs of FSW in this area include increasing rates of HIV testing and putting in place effective programmes that can help extend HIV prevention behaviours across a range of sexual and drug use risk behaviours. C1 [Uuskula, A.; Fischer, K.] Univ Tartu, Dept Publ Hlth, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia. [Uuskula, A.; Fischer, K.; Raudne, R.] Inst Publ Hlth, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England. Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia. Univ Tartu, Dept Math Stat, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. [Krylov, R.] NGO Atoll, Tallinn, Estonia. [Salminen, M.; Brummer-Korvenkontio, H.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Helsinki, Finland. [St Lawrence, J.; Aral, S.] CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uuskula, A (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Dept Publ Hlth, Ravila 19, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia. EM anneli.uuskula@ut.ee RI Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013; Uuskula, Anneli/H-3303-2015 OI Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866; FU FIC NIH HHS [R01 TW006990]; Medical Research Council [MC_U105260558] NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 3 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.027664 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 305VT UT WOS:000256206600010 PM 18256109 ER PT J AU McShane, WJ Pappas, RS Wilson-McElprang, V Paschal, D AF McShane, William J. Pappas, R. Steven Wilson-McElprang, Veronica Paschal, Dan TI A rugged and transferable method for determining blood cadmium, mercury, and lead with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE toxic metal; blood; mercury; lead; cadmium ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; HEAVY-METALS; WHOLE-BLOOD; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TOTAL SELENIUM; URINE; ELIMINATION; REAGENTS; FISH AB A simple, high-throughput method for determining total cadmium, mercury, and lead in blood in cases of suspected exposure, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), has been developed and validated. One Part matrix-matched standards, blanks, or aliquots of blood specimens were diluted with 49 parts of a solution containing 0.25% (w/w) tetramethylammonium hydroxide; 0.05% v/v Triton X-100 (blood cell membranes and protein solubilization); 0.01% (w/v) ammonium pyroliclinedithiocarbarnate (mercury memory effect prevention and oxidation state stabilization, solubilization by complexation of all three metals); 1% v/v isopropanol (signal enhancement); and 10 pg/L iridium (internal standard). Thus the final dilution factor is 1 +49. The method provides the basis for the determination of total cadmium, mercury, and lead for assessment of environmental, occupational, accidental ingestion or elevated exposures from other means. Approximately 80 specimens, including blanks, calibration standards, and quality control materials can be processed in an 8-h day. The method has been evaluated by examining reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, as well as by participation in six rounds of proficiency testing intercomparisons led by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health. This method was developed for the purpose of increasing U.S. emergency response laboratory capacity. To this end, 33 U.S. state, and 1 district health department laboratories have validated this method in their own laboratories. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McShane, William J.; Wilson-McElprang, Veronica] Battelle Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Pappas, R. Steven; Paschal, Dan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McShane, WJ (reprint author), Battelle Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM WMcShane@cdc.gov; RPappas@cdc.gov; VWilsonMcelprang@cdc.gov; DPaschal@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2008.03.016 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 326AX UT WOS:000257631400003 ER PT J AU Farron, O Wilbur, S AF Farron, O. Wilbur, S. TI Special issue on the toxicology and epidemiology of benzene SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Farron, O.; Wilbur, S.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farron, O (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. EM oxs0@CDC.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1177/0748233708098504 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 383YU UT WOS:000261711200001 ER PT J AU Wilbur, S Wohlers, D Paikoff, S Keith, LS Faroon, O AF Wilbur, S. Wohlers, D. Paikoff, S. Keith, L. S. Faroon, O. TI ATSDR evaluation of health effects of benzene and relevance to public health SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE benzene; health effects; levels of significant exposure; minimal risk levels; toxicokinetics; toxicological profile ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOUSE BONE-MARROW; LOW-LEVEL BENZENE; URINARY TRANS,TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; S-PHENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; FILLING STATION ATTENDANTS; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for Benzene. The primary purpose of this article is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists. and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of benzene. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 263-398. C1 [Wilbur, S.] US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wohlers, D.; Paikoff, S.] Syracusc Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Wilbur, S (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdw9@cdc.gov NR 646 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 263 EP 398 DI 10.1177/0748233708090910 PG 136 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 383YU UT WOS:000261711200002 PM 19022880 ER PT J AU Wilbur, S Wohlers, D Paikoff, S Keith, LS Farron, O AF Wilbur, S. Wohlers, D. Paikoff, S. Keith, L. S. Farron, O. TI ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to benzene SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE benzene; environmental fate; public health; toxicological profile ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; URINARY TRANS,TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDOOR-OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS; MAINSTREAM CIGARETTE-SMOKE; S-PHENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; ION-TRAP DETECTION AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the toxicological profile for benzene. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on benzene that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods, and it listing of regulations and advisories. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 399-442. C1 [Wilbur, S.; Keith, L. S.; Farron, O.] US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wohlers, D.; Paikoff, S.] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Wilbur, S (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdw9@cdc.gov NR 280 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 399 EP 442 DI 10.1177/0748233708095772 PG 44 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 383YU UT WOS:000261711200003 PM 19022881 ER PT J AU Thwing, J Hochberg, N Eng, JV Issifi, S Eliades, MJ Minkoulou, E Wolkon, A Gado, H Ibrahim, O Newman, RD Lama, M AF Thwing, Julie Hochberg, Natasha Eng, Jodi Vanden Issifi, Sanouna Eliades, M. James Minkoulou, Etienne Wolkon, Adam Gado, Habi Ibrahim, Ousmane Newman, Robert D. Lama, Marcel TI Insecticide-treated net ownership and usage in Niger after a nationwide integrated campaign SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; community surveys; child welfare ID PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; WESTERN KENYA; BED NETS; COVERAGE; CHILDREN; BEDNETS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; AREA AB OBJECTIVES In December 2005 and March 2006, Niger conducted nationwide integrated campaigns to distribute polio vaccine and long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to children < 5 years of age. We evaluated the campaign effectiveness, net retention, insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership, and usage. METHODS Two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in January 2006 (dry season) and September 2006 (rainy season), using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. We mapped selected communities, selected households by simple random sampling, and administered questionnaires by interviewers using personal digital assistants. RESULTS The first survey showed that ITN ownership in all households was 6.3% prior to the campaign, increasing to 65.1% after the campaign in the second survey. The second survey also showed that 73.4% of households with children < 5 received an LLIN and that 97.7% of households that received >= one LLIN retained it. The wealth equity ratio for ITN ownership in households with children < 5 increased from 0.17 prior to the campaign to 0.79 afterward. During the dry season, 15.4% of all children < 5 and 11.3% of pregnant women slept under an ITN, while during rainy season, 55.5% of children < 5 and 48.2% of pregnant women slept under an ITN. CONCLUSIONS Free distribution during the integrated campaign rapidly increased ITN ownership and decreased inequities between those in the highest and lowest wealth quintiles. Retention of ITNs was very high, and usage was high during malaria transmission season. However, ITN ownership and usage by vulnerable groups continues to fall short of RBM targets, and additional strategies are needed to increase ownership and usage. C1 [Thwing, Julie; Hochberg, Natasha; Eng, Jodi Vanden; Eliades, M. James; Wolkon, Adam; Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Issifi, Sanouna] United Nations Dev Program, Niamey, Niger. [Minkoulou, Etienne; Lama, Marcel] Reg Off Africa, WHO, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Gado, Habi] Niger Off, WHO, Niamey, Niger. [Ibrahim, Ousmane] Niger Minist Hlth, Malaria Control Program, Niamey, Niger. RP Thwing, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fez3@cdc.gov OI Hochberg, Natasha/0000-0002-5449-9973 NR 33 TC 88 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 6 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02070.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 300PB UT WOS:000255836600011 PM 18384476 ER PT J AU Richert-Boe, KE Weinmann, S Shapiro, JA Rybicki, BA Enger, SM Van Den Eeden, SK Weiss, NS AF Richert-Boe, Kathryn E. Weinmann, Sheila Shapiro, Jean A. Rybicki, Benjamin A. Enger, Shelley M. Van Den Eeden, Stephen K. Weiss, Noel S. TI Racial differences in treatment of early-stage prostate cancer SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL; RACE AB OBJECTIVES To determine whether differences existed in prostate cancer treatment received by white and African American men at a health maintenance organization where access to medical care is theoretically equal for all members and, if so, to determine the reasons for these differences. METHODS We used information from the Kaiser Permanente Northwest Tumor Registry to identify all men diagnosed with local- or regional-stage prostate cancer between 1980 and 2000. We compared the likelihood of treatment with curative intent (TCI) between the two races, adjusting for age, tumor grade, stage, and the presence of comorbid conditions. We reviewed medical records of all 79 African American men and a sample of 158 white men (matched for age, stage, grade, and year of diagnosis) to determine the reasons that men did or did not receive TCI. RESULTS Seventy-one percent of African American men and 82% of white men were treated with curative intent (P = 0.01). African American men were not more likely than white men to refuse TCI when it was offered (10.6% versus 8.1%, respectively; P = 0.6). However, urologists offered TCI less often to African American men than to white men (85% versus 91%, respectively; P = 0.02), and this difference could not be explained by differences in age, tumor grade, stage, or presence of comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS African American men were less likely to receive TCI than white men. Because all of the men were insured, economic factors did not cause this difference. Furthermore, the cause did not seem to be differences in age, tumor grade, stage, or comorbid conditions. C1 [Richert-Boe, Kathryn E.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Richert-Boe, KE (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM Kathryn.E.Richert-Boe@kpchr.org NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1172 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.10.010 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 312FG UT WOS:000256653900047 PM 18279922 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Fu, ZF Wang, DM Zhou, JZ Wang, ZX Lv, TF Xiong, CL Zou, Y Yao, WR Li, MH Dong, GM Xu, GL Niezgoda, M Kuzmin, IV Rupprecht, CE AF Zhang, Yong-Zhen Fu, Zhen F. Wang, Ding-Ming Zhou, Jing-Zhu Wang, Zhao-Xiao Lv, Tai-Fu Xiong, Cheng-Long Zou, Yang Yao, Wen-Rong Li, Ming-Hui Dong, Guan-Mu Xu, Ge-Lin Niezgoda, Michael Kuzmin, Ivan V. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Investigation of the role of healthy dogs as potential carriers of rabies virus SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE domestic dogs; rabies; healthy carrier; China; zoonosis; virus ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; EXCRETION; SALIVA; NIGERIA; CHINA; BATS; INFECTION; ELISA; CATS AB To investigate whether healthy animals are potential carriers of rabies virus in China, 153 domestic dogs were collected from a rabies enzootic area, Anlong county in Guizhou Province, and monitored for 6 months. Initially, findings of rabies virus antigen in the saliva of 15 dogs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test suggested they might be carriers. These 15 dogs were kept under observation for 6 months. None of the dogs showed any clinical signs of rabies during the observation period. Moreover, using the ELISA test alone, detection of rabies virus antigen in saliva of some animals was not consistent during the observation period. However, none of the saliva samples collected either at the time of acquisition or during the observation period was found to be positive for rabies virus RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, neither viral antigen nor viral RNA was detected in the brain samples collected at the time of euthanasia. These results do not provide support for the contention that healthy dogs act as carriers in rabies. Caution is urged when preliminary and nondefinitive tests, such as ELISA, are used to infer clinical status related to rabies. C1 [Zhang, Yong-Zhen; Xiong, Cheng-Long; Zou, Yang; Yao, Wen-Rong; Li, Ming-Hui] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhen F.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wang, Ding-Ming; Zhou, Jing-Zhu; Wang, Zhao-Xiao; Lv, Tai-Fu] Guizhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guiyang, Peoples R China. [Dong, Guan-Mu] Natl Inst Control Pharmaceut & Biol Prod, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ge-Lin] Wuhan Inst Biol Prod, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Niezgoda, Michael; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, YZ (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Changping Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. EM yongzhenzhang@sohu.com RI Zhang, YZ/H-8101-2013; OI Xiong, Chenglong/0000-0003-4750-3572 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0209 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 319BD UT WOS:000257135900002 PM 18380590 ER PT J AU Wilder, AP Eisen, RJ Bearden, SW Montenieri, JA Gage, KL Antolin, MF AF Wilder, Aryn P. Eisen, Rebecca J. Bearden, Scott W. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. Antolin, Michael F. TI Oropsylla hirsuta (Siphonaptera : Ceratophyllidae) can support plague epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) by early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cynomys; early-phase transmission; epizootic; flea; plague ID FLEAS; VECTOR; OUTBREAKS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DISEASES; PCR AB Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia Pestis, often leads to rapid decimation of black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Flea-borne transmission of Y. pestis has been thought to occur primarily via blocked fleas, and therefore studies of vector efficiency have focused on the period when blockage is expected to occur (>= 5 days post-infection [p.i.]). Oropsylla hirsuta, a prairie dog flea, rarely blocks and transmission is inefficient >= 5 days p.i.; thus, this flea has been considered incapable of explaining rapid dissemination of Y. pestis among prairie dogs. By infecting wild-caught fleas with Y. pestis and exposing naive mice to groups of fleas at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h p.i., we examined the early-phase (1-4 days p.i.) efficiency of O. hirsuta to transmit Y. pestis to hosts and showed that O. hirsuta is a considerably more efficient vector at this largely overlooked stage (5.19% of fleas transmit Y. pestis at 24 h p.i.) than at later stages. Using a model of vectorial capacity, we suggest that this level of transmission can support plague at an enzootic level in a population when flea loads are within the average observed for black-tailed prairie dogs in nature. Shared burrows and sociality of prairie dogs could lead to accumulation of fleas when host population is reduced as a result of the disease, enabling epizootic spread of plague among prairie dogs. C1 [Wilder, Aryn P.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Bearden, Scott W.; Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wilder, Aryn P.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wilder, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM apwilder@lamar.colostate.edu NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0181 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 319BD UT WOS:000257135900009 PM 18454591 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT Hombach, J Barrett, ADT AF Roehrig, John T. Hombach, Joachim Barrett, Alan D. T. TI Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; FLAVIVIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; VACCINE CANDIDATES; MEMBRANE-FUSION; DOMAIN-III; MEDIATED NEUTRALIZATION AB Through the Advisory Committee on Dengue and other Flavivirus Vaccines, the World Health Organization (WHO) has had a long-standing commitment to facilitate and to guide research and development of vaccines for medically important flaviviruses. Recently, the Paediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) was formed to accelerate the development, testing, and introduction of dengue (DEN) vaccines worldwide, partnering with WHO in this important public health effort. There are now a variety of DEN vaccines in various stages of the developmental pipeline. In an attempt to make interlaboratory information more directly comparable, WHO with the support of PDVI initiated a program to coordinate the procedures used for the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The PRNT is the most common assay used to measure neutralizing antibody. The presence of antibody is believed to be most relevant means of determining protective anti-DEN virus (DENV) immunity. While other neutralizing antibody assays are being considered for use in large-scale vaccine field trials, the PRNT is still considered to be the laboratory standard against which other neutralizing antibody assays should be compared. The need for PRNT coordination has been identified at several consultations between the WHO and PDVI. A more complete version of these guidelines is available on the WHO website: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/date/en/index.html. C1 [Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,US DHS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hombach, Joachim] WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Barrett, Alan D. T.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jtr1@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 56 TC 112 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1089/vim.2008.0007 PG 10 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 324CG UT WOS:000257494700004 PM 18476771 ER PT J AU Flores, AH Haileyesus, T Greenspan, AI AF Flores, Adrian H. Haileyesus, Tadesse Greenspan, Arlene I. TI National estimates of outdoor recreational injuries treated in emergency departments, United States, 2004-2005 SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE outdoor; recreation; injury; prevention; wilderness ID WILDERNESS MEDICINE; SAFETY; RISK AB Objective.-To provide national estimates of nonfatal outdoor recreational injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs). Methods.-Outdoor recreational injuries from January 2004 through December 2005 were identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, a nationally representative sample of ED visits. National estimates of outdoor recreational injuries were calculated, and activities leading to injury, demographic characteristics, principal diagnoses, and primary body parts affected were described. Results.-From January 2004 through December 2005, an estimated 212 708 (95% CI = 113 808-311 608) persons were treated each year in US EDs for outdoor recreational injuries. The annual rate of injuries was 72.1 per 100 000 population (95% CI = 38.6-105.6). Males accounted for 68.2% of the injuries. The lower limb (27%), upper limb (25%), and head and neck region (23.3%) were the most commonly injured body regions. Fractures (27.4%) and sprains or strains (23.9%) were the most common diagnoses. Traumatic brain injuries were diagnosed in 6.5% of injuries, and 5% of injuries resulted in hospitalization or transfer to another hospital. Conclusions.-The results of this study provide a starting point for further research into the epidemiology of outdoor and wilderness injury. The results reinforce many common perceptions about the nature of these injuries while highlighting the potential severity and long-term consequences of the injuries. The general recommendations of proper planning, preparation, and problem anticipation for outdoor and wilderness injury prevention should be followed to reduce both the number and severity of injuries. C1 [Flores, Adrian H.; Greenspan, Arlene I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injuiry Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Haileyesus, Tadesse] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injuiry Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM agreenspan@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1580/07-WEME-OR-152.1 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 310DR UT WOS:000256509600003 PM 18513117 ER PT J AU Kvac, M Sak, B Kvetonova, D Ditrich, O Hofmannova, L Modry, D Vitovec, J Xiao, LH AF Kvac, Martin Sak, Bohumil Kvetonova, Dana Ditrich, Oleg Hofmannova, Lada Modry, David Vitovec, Jiri Xiao, Lihua TI Infectivity, pathogenicity, and genetic characteristics of mammalian gastric Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic ruminants SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium andersoni; Cryptosporidium muris; gastric Cryptosporidium; ruminants; genotyping; infectivity; pathogenicity; 18S rRNA gene ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; PERCOLL GRADIENTS; ANDERSONI; MURIS; CATTLE; STOMACH; MICE; SPOROZOITES; PARASITES AB Farm ruminants were infected experimentally with four mammalian gastric Cryptosporidium, namely Cryptosporidium andersoni LI03 originated from cattle and three isolates of Cryptosporidium muris from brown rat (isolate RN66), Bactrian camel (isolate CB03) and firstly characterized isolate from East African mole rat (isolate TS03). Sequence characterizations of the small-subunit rRNA gene showed that the LI03 isolate was C andersoni and the other three isolates belonged to C. muris, although the TS03 isolate showed unique sequence variations (one single nucleofide change and four nucleotide insertions). C. andersoni LI03 was infectious for calves only, whereas lambs and kids were susceptible to C. muris CB03. C. muris TS03 and RN66 were not infectious for any farm ruminants. Infection dynamics including prepatent and patent period and infection intensity of the isolates used differed depending on the host species, but no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis were observed in any of experimentally infected hosts. Cryptosporidium developmental stages were only detected in infected animals in the abomasum region. Histopathological changes were characterized by dilatation and epithelial metaplasia of infected gastric glands with no significant inflammatory responses in the lamina propria. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kvac, Martin; Sak, Bohumil; Kvetonova, Dana; Ditrich, Oleg; Modry, David] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Kvac, Martin; Vitovec, Jiri] Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Fac Agr, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Ditrich, Oleg] Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Hofmannova, Lada; Modry, David] Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Fac Vet Med, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kvac, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM kvac@centrum.cz RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Kvac, Martin/G-7299-2014; Sak, Bohumil/G-9262-2014; Modry, David/G-7815-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Kvac, Martin/0000-0003-0013-6090; NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.033 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 305YJ UT WOS:000256213400023 PM 18343038 ER PT J AU Bagga, S Posey, D AF Bagga, S. Posey, D. TI Cost of vaccinating refugees overseas versus after arrival in the United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 229-232, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MEASLES C1 [Bagga, S.; Posey, D.] CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bagga, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 20 BP 2380 EP 2381 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305BD UT WOS:000256151900010 ER PT J AU Belongia, E Kieke, B Coleman, L Donahue, J Irving, S Meece, J Vandermause, M Shay, D Gargiullo, P Balish, A Foust, A Guo, L Lindstrom, S Xu, X Klimov, A Bresee, J Cox, N AF Belongia, E. Kieke, B. Coleman, L. Donahue, J. Irving, S. Meece, J. Vandermause, M. Shay, D. Gargiullo, P. Balish, A. Foust, A. Guo, L. Lindstrom, S. Xu, X. Klimov, A. Bresee, J. Cox, N. TI Interim within-season estimate of the effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine - Marshfield, Wisconsin, 2007-08 influenza season (Reprinted from vol 57, pg 393-398, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS C1 [Belongia, E.; Kieke, B.; Coleman, L.; Donahue, J.; Irving, S.; Meece, J.; Vandermause, M.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Shay, D.; Gargiullo, P.; Balish, A.; Foust, A.; Guo, L.; Lindstrom, S.; Xu, X.; Klimov, A.; Bresee, J.; Cox, N.] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belongia, E (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 20 BP 2381 EP 2384 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305BD UT WOS:000256151900011 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL Carroll, MD Flegal, KM AF Ogden, Cynthia L. Carroll, Margaret D. Flegal, Katherine M. TI High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003-2006 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPERT COMMITTEE; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVALENCE AB Context The prevalence of overweight among US children and adolescents increased between 1980 and 2004. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of 3 measures of high body mass index ( BMI) for age ( calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and to examine recent trends for US children and adolescents using national data with measured heights and weights. Design, Setting, and Participants Height and weight measurements were obtained from 8165 children and adolescents as part of the 2003- 2004 and 2005- 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES), nationally representative surveys of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of BMI for age at or above the 97th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, and at or above the 85th percentile of the 2000 sex- specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) BMI- for- age growth charts among US children by age, sex, and racial/ ethnic group. Results Because no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of high BMI for age were found between estimates for 2003- 2004 and 2005- 2006, data for the 4 years were combined to provide more stable estimates for the most recent time period. Overall, in 2003- 2006, 11.3% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 9.7%- 12.9%) of children and adolescents aged 2 through 19 years were at or above the 97th percentile of the 2000 BMI- for- age growth charts, 16.3% ( 95% CI, 14.5%- 18.1%) were at or above the 95th percentile, and 31.9% ( 95% CI, 29.4%- 34.4%) were at or above the 85th percentile. Prevalence estimates varied by age and by racial/ ethnic group. Analyses of the trends in high BMI for age showed no statistically significant trend over the 4 time periods ( 1999- 2000, 2001- 2002, 2003- 2004, and 2005- 2006) for either boys or girls ( P values between .07 and .41). Conclusion The prevalence of high BMI for age among children and adolescents showed no significant changes between 2003- 2004 and 2005- 2006 and no significant trends between 1999 and 2006. C1 [Ogden, Cynthia L.; Carroll, Margaret D.; Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4414, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cogden@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 12 TC 1103 Z9 1125 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 20 BP 2401 EP 2405 DI 10.1001/jama.299.20.2401 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 305BD UT WOS:000256151900024 PM 18505949 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Mensah, GA Giles, WH AF Brown, David W. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. Mensah, George A. Giles, Wayne H. TI Implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators: United States, 1990 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Brown, David W.; Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Mensah, George A.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 117 IS 21 MA 47 BP E420 EP E420 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 305EN UT WOS:000256160700067 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Blixt, O Chen, LM Pappas, C Maines, TR Van Hoeven, N Donis, R Busch, J McBride, R Paulson, JC Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Blixt, Ola Chen, Li-Mei Pappas, Claudia Maines, Taronna R. Van Hoeven, Neal Donis, Ruben Busch, Julia McBride, Ryan Paulson, James C. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Contemporary North American influenza H7 viruses possess human receptor specificity: Implications for virus transmissibility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hemagglutinin; transmission; receptor binding; animal model ID A VIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; BINDING PROPERTIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; H5N1; HEMAGGLUTININ AB Avian H7 influenza viruses from both the Eurasian and North American lineage have caused outbreaks in poultry since 2002, with confirmed human infection occurring during outbreaks in The Netherlands, British Columbia, and the United Kingdom. The majority of H7 infections have resulted in self-limiting conjunctivitis, whereas probable human-to-human transmission has been rare. Here, we used glycan microarray technology to determine the receptor-binding preference of Eurasian and North American lineage H7 influenza viruses and their transmissibility in the ferret model. We found that highly pathogenic H7N7 viruses from The Netherlands in 2003 maintained the classic avian-binding preference for alpha 2-3-linked sialic acids (SA) and are not readily transmissible in ferrets, as observed previously for highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. However, H7N3 viruses isolated from Canada in 2004 and H7N2 viruses from the northeastern United States isolated in 2002-2003 possessed an HA with increased affinity toward alpha 2-6-linked SA, the linkage type found prominently on human tracheal epithelial cells. We identified a low pathogenic H7N2 virus isolated from a man in New York in 2003, A/NY/107/03, which replicated efficiently in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and was capable of transmission in this species by direct contact. These results indicate that H7 influenza viruses from the North American lineage have acquired sialic acid-binding properties that more closely resemble those of human influenza viruses and have the potential to spread to naive animals. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Chen, Li-Mei; Pappas, Claudia; Maines, Taronna R.; Van Hoeven, Neal; Donis, Ruben; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blixt, Ola; Busch, Julia; McBride, Ryan; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Physiol Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blixt, Ola; Busch, Julia; McBride, Ryan; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI McBride, Ryan/E-6812-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM062116, GM62116] NR 57 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 21 BP 7558 EP 7563 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801259105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 308HC UT WOS:000256378100041 PM 18508975 ER PT J AU Li, GW Zhang, P Wang, JP Gregg, EW Yang, WY Gong, QH Li, H Li, HL Jiang, YY An, YL Shuai, Y Zhang, B Zhang, JL Thompson, TJ Gerzoff, RB Roglic, G Hu, YH Bennett, PH AF Li, Guangwei Zhang, Ping Wang, Jinping Gregg, Edward W. Yang, Wenying Gong, Qiuhong Li, Hui Li, Hongliang Jiang, Yayun An, Yali Shuai, Ying Zhang, Bo Zhang, Jingling Thompson, Theodore J. Gerzoff, Robert B. Roglic, Gojka Hu, Yinghua Bennett, Peter H. TI The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow-up study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MORTALITY; RISK; REDUCTION; METFORMIN; EXERCISE; MELLITUS; PROGRAM; PEOPLE; NIDDM AB Background Intensive lifestyle interventions can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance, but how long these benefits extend beyond the period of active intervention, and whether such interventions reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, is unclear. We aimed to assess whether intensive lifestyle interventions have a long-term effect on the risk of diabetes, diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complications, and mortality. Methods In 1986, 577 adults with impaired glucose tolerance from 33 clinics in China were randomly assigned to either the control group or to one of three lifestyle intervention groups (diet, exercise, or diet plus exercise). Active intervention took place over 6 years until 1992. In 2006, study participants were followed-up to assess the long-term effect of the interventions. The primary outcomes were diabetes incidence, CVD incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality. Findings Compared with control participants, those in the combined lifestyle intervention groups had a 51% lower incidence of diabetes (hazard rate ratio [HRR] 0 . 49; 95% CI 0 . 33-0-73) during the active intervention period and a 43% lower incidence (0 . 57; 0 . 41-0 . 81) over the 20 year period, controlled for age and clustering by clinic. The average annual incidence of diabetes was 7% for intervention participants versus 11% in control participants, with 20-year cumulative incidence of 80% in the intervention groups and 93% in the control group. Participants in the intervention group spent an average of 3.6 fewer years with diabetes than those in the control group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the rate of first CVD events (HRR 0 . 98; 95% CI 0 . 71-1.37), CVD mortality (0 . 83; 0.48-1.40), and all-cause mortality (0 - 96; 0 . 65-1.41), but our study had limited statistical power to detect differences for these outcomes. Interpretation Group-based lifestyle interventions over 6 years can prevent or delay diabetes for up to 14 years after the active intervention. However, whether lifestyle intervention also leads to reduced CVD and mortality remains unclear. Funding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, and Da Qing First Hospital. C1 [Zhang, Ping; Gregg, Edward W.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Gerzoff, Robert B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Li, Guangwei; Yang, Wenying; Gong, Qiuhong; Li, Hongliang; An, Yali; Shuai, Ying; Zhang, Bo] China Japan Friendship Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jinping; Li, Hui; Jiang, Yayun; Zhang, Jingling; Hu, Yinghua] Da Qing First Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Da Qing, Peoples R China. [Roglic, Gojka] WHO, Dept Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bennett, Peter H.] NIDDKD, Phoenix Epidemiol & Clin Res Branch, NIH, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM guangwei_li@medmail.com.cn; pzhang@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU424123-01-02] NR 24 TC 566 Z9 640 U1 10 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9626 BP 1783 EP 1789 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60766-7 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 304IO UT WOS:000256103400033 PM 18502303 ER PT J AU Brett, K Barfield, W Williams, C AF Brett, K. Barfield, W. Williams, C. TI Prevalence of self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms - 17 states, 2004-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 361-366, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK; RATES C1 [Brett, K.] CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barfield, W.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brett, K (reprint author), CDC, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 19 BP 2268 EP 2270 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302QN UT WOS:000255984500011 ER PT J AU King, CC Chao, DY Chien, LJ Chang, GJJ Lin, TH Wu, YC Huang, JH AF King, Chwan-Chuen Chao, Day-Yu Chien, Li-Jung Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Lin, Ting-Hsiang Wu, Yin-Chang Huang, Jyh-Hsiung TI Comparative analysis of full genomic sequences among different genotypes of dengue virus type 3 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIC; EMERGENCE; INFECTIONS; INHIBITION; SEROTYPE-3; ALIGNMENT; THAILAND; STRAINS AB Background: Although the previous study demonstrated the envelope protein of dengue viruses is under purifying selection pressure, little is known about the genetic differences of full-length viral genomes of DENV-3. In our study, complete genomic sequencing of DENV-3 strains collected from different geographical locations and isolation years were determined and the sequence diversity as well as selection pressure sites in the DENV genome other than within the E gene were also analyzed. Results: Using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Taiwan's indigenous DENV-3 isolated from 1994 and 1998 dengue/DHF epidemics and one 1999 sporadic case were of the three different genotypes -I, II, and III, each associated with DENV-3 circulating in Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, respectively. Sequence diversity and selection pressure of different genomic regions among DENV-3 different genotypes was further examined to understand the global DENV-3 evolution. The highest nucleotide sequence diversity among the fully sequenced DENV-3 strains was found in the nonstructural protein 2A ( mean +/- SD: 5.84 +/- 0.54) and envelope protein gene regions ( mean +/- SD: 5.04 +/- 0.32). Further analysis found that positive selection pressure of DENV-3 may occur in the non-structural protein 1 gene region and the positive selection site was detected at position 178 of the NS1 gene. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the envelope protein is under purifying selection pressure although it presented higher sequence diversity. The detection of positive selection pressure in the non-structural protein along genotype II indicated that DENV-3 originated from Southeast Asia needs to monitor the emergence of DENV strains with epidemic potential for better epidemic prevention and vaccine development. C1 [Chao, Day-Yu] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Coll Vet, Inst Vet Publ Hlth, Taipei 402, Taiwan. [King, Chwan-Chuen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 10020, Taiwan. [Chien, Li-Jung; Lin, Ting-Hsiang; Wu, Yin-Chang; Huang, Jyh-Hsiung] Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Chang, Gwong-Jen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Chao, DY (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Coll Vet, Inst Vet Publ Hlth, Taipei 402, Taiwan. EM cc_king99@hotmail.com.tw; dychao@nchu.edu.tw; Chien@cdc.gov; gxc7@cdc.gov; thlin@cdc.gov.tw; ycw@cdc.gov.tw; jhh@cdc.gov.tw OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 63 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-63 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 309RP UT WOS:000256478200001 PM 18495043 ER PT J AU Patel, P Hanson, DL Sullivan, PS Novak, RM Moorman, AC Tong, TC Holmberg, SD Brooks, JT AF Patel, Pragna Hanson, Debra L. Sullivan, Patrick S. Novak, Richard M. Moorman, Anne C. Tong, Tony C. Holmberg, Scott D. Brooks, John T. CA Adolescent Spectrum Dis Project & TI Incidence of types of cancer among HIV-Infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992-2003 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; AIDS-DEFINING CANCERS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; LUNG-CANCER; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION AB Background: Persons who are HIV-infected may be at higher risk for certain types of cancer than the general population. Objective: To compare cancer incidence among HIV-infected persons with incidence in the general population from 1992 to 2003. Design: Prospective observational cohort studies. Setting: United States. Patients: 54 780 HIV-infected persons in the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (47 832 patients) and the HIV Outpatient Study (6948 patients), who contributed 157 819 person-years of follow-up from 1992 to 2003, and 334 802 121 records from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of 13 geographically defined, population-based, central cancer registries. Measurements: Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) to compare cancer incidence in the HIV-infected population with standardized cancer incidence in the general population. Results: The incidence of the following types of non-AIDS-defining cancer was significantly higher in the HIV-infected population than in the general population: anal (SRR, 42.9 [95% CI, 34.1 to 53.3]), vaginal (21.0 [CI, 11.2 to 35.9]), Hodgkin lymphoma (14.7 [CI, 11.6 to 18.2]), liver (7.7 [CI, 5.7 to 10.1]), lung (3.3 [CI, 2.8 to 3.9]), melanoma (2.6 [CI, 1.9 to 3.6]), oropharyngeal (2.6 [CI, 1.9 to 3.4]), leukemia (2.5 [CI, 1.6 to 3.8]), colorectal (2.3 [CI, 1.8 to 2.9]), and renal (1.8 [CI, 1.1 to 2.7]). The incidence of prostate cancer was significantly lower among HIV-infected persons than the general population (SRR, 0.6 [CI, 0.4 to 0.8]). Only the relative incidence of anal cancer increased over time. Limitations: Lower ascertainment of cancer in the HIV cohorts may result in a potential bias to underestimate rate disparities. Tobacco use as a risk factor and the effect of changes in cancer screening practices could not be evaluated. Conclusion: The incidence of many types of non-AIDS-defining cancer was higher among HIV-infected persons than among the general population from 1992 to 2003. C1 [Patel, Pragna] Emory Univ, Div HIV AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Patel, P (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div HIV AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plp3@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU PHS HHS [200-2006-18797] NR 75 TC 448 Z9 452 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 10 BP 728 EP U29 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 308EX UT WOS:000256372200002 PM 18490686 ER PT J AU Yesupriya, A Evangelou, E Kavvoura, FK Patsopoulos, NA Clyne, M Walsh, MC Lin, BK Yu, W Gwinn, M Ioannidis, JPA Khoury, MJ AF Yesupriya, Ajay Evangelou, Evangelos Kavvoura, Fotini K. Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A. Clyne, Melinda Walsh, Matthew C. Lin, Bruce K. Yu, Wei Gwinn, Marta Ioannidis, John P. A. Khoury, Muin J. TI Reporting of human genome epidemiology (HuGE) association studies: An empirical assessment SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; GENE-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; COMPLEX DISEASES; ALLELIC ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPING ERRORS; WIDE ASSOCIATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; VARIANTS AB Background: Several thousand human genome epidemiology association studies are published every year investigating the relationship between common genetic variants and diverse phenotypes. Transparent reporting of study methods and results allows readers to better assess the validity of study findings. Here, we document reporting practices of human genome epidemiology studies. Methods: Articles were randomly selected from a continuously updated database of human genome epidemiology association studies to be representative of genetic epidemiology literature. The main analysis evaluated 315 articles published in 2001-2003. For a comparative update, we evaluated 28 more recent articles published in 2006, focusing on issues that were poorly reported in 2001-2003. Results: During both time periods, most studies comprised relatively small study populations and examined one or more genetic variants within a single gene. Articles were inconsistent in reporting the data needed to assess selection bias and the methods used to minimize misclassification (of the genotype, outcome, and environmental exposure) or to identify population stratification. Statistical power, the use of unrelated study participants, and the use of replicate samples were reported more often in articles published during 2006 when compared with the earlier sample. Conclusion: We conclude that many items needed to assess error and bias in human genome epidemiology association studies are not consistently reported. Although some improvements were seen over time, reporting guidelines and online supplemental material may help enhance the transparency of this literature. C1 [Yesupriya, Ajay; Clyne, Melinda; Yu, Wei; Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Evangelou, Evangelos; Kavvoura, Fotini K.; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Walsh, Matthew C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Lin, Bruce K.] March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Off Med Director, White Plains, NY USA. RP Yesupriya, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ayesupriya@cdc.gov; eevangelou@gmail.com; fainiakav@gmail.com; npatsop@cc.uoi.gr; mclyne@cdc.gov; walsh2@wisc.edu; blin@marchofdimes.com; wyu@cdc.gov; mgwinn@cdc.gov; jioannid@cc.uoi.gr; mkhoury@cdc.gov RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Evangelou, Evangelos/C-3033-2013; OI Evangelou, Evangelos/0000-0002-5488-2999 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 31 DI 10.1186/1471-2288-8-31 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 312JD UT WOS:000256664800001 PM 18492284 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WR Weiner, BJ Richardson, LC Lee, JA Peppercorn, JM Lewis, MA Whitmire, JT Walden, SP Hinson, LO AF Carpenter, W. R. Weiner, B. J. Richardson, L. C. Lee, J. A. Peppercorn, J. M. Lewis, M. A. Whitmire, J. T. Walden, S. P. Hinson, L. O. TI Beyond claims data: Assessing the problem of access to radiation therapy for low-income women with breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Carpenter, William/E-5125-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 15 SU S MA 6579 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V25CZ UT WOS:000208457402355 ER PT J AU Jain, V Armah, HB Tongren, JE Ned, RM Wilson, NO Crawford, S Joel, PK Singh, MP Nagpal, AC Dash, AP Udhayakumar, V Singh, N Stiles, JK AF Jain, Vidhan Armah, Henry B. Tongren, Jon E. Ned, Renee M. Wilson, Nana O. Crawford, Sara Joel, Pradeep K. Singh, Mrigendra P. Nagpal, Avinash C. Dash, A. P. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Singh, Neeru Stiles, Jonathan K. TI Plasma IP-10, apoptotic and angiogenic factors associated with fatal cerebral malaria in India SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; PLACENTAL MALARIA; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; GAMMA-INTERFERON; AFRICAN CHILDREN; TNF-ALPHA; EXPRESSION AB Background: Plasmodium falciparum in a subset of patients can lead to cerebral malaria (CM), a major contributor to malaria-associated mortality. Despite treatment, CM mortality can be as high as 30%, while 10% of survivors of the disease may experience short- and long-term neurological complications. The pathogenesis of CM is mediated by alterations in cytokine and chemokine homeostasis, inflammation as well as vascular injury and repair processes although their roles are not fully understood. The hypothesis for this study is that CM-induced changes in inflammatory, apoptotic and angiogenic factors mediate severity of CM and that their identification will enable development of new prognostic markers and adjunctive therapies for preventing CM mortalities. Methods: Plasma samples (133) were obtained from healthy controls (HC, 25), mild malaria (MM, 48), cerebral malaria survivors (CMS, 48), and cerebral malaria non-survivors (CMNS, 12) at admission to the hospital in Jabalpur, India. Plasma levels of 30 biomarkers ((IL-1 beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, FGF basic protein, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IP-10, MCP-1 (MCAF), MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, RANTES, TNF-alpha, Fas-ligand (Fas-L), soluble Fas (sFas), soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR-2), PDGF bb and VEGF)) were simultaneously measured in an initial subset of ten samples from each group. Only those biomarkers which showed significant differences in the pilot analysis were chosen for testing on all remaining samples. The results were then compared between the four groups to determine their role in CM severity. Results: IP-10, sTNF-R2 and sFas were independently associated with increased risk of CM associated mortality. CMNS patients had a significantly lower level of the neuroprotective factor VEGF when compared to other groups (P < 0.0045). The ratios of VEGF to IP-10, sTNF-R2, and sFas distinguished CM survivors from non survivors (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results suggest that plasma levels of IP-10, sTNF-R2 and sFas may be potential biomarkers of CM severity and mortality. VEGF was found to be protective against CM associated mortality and may be considered for adjunctive therapy to improve the treatment outcome in CM patients. C1 [Armah, Henry B.; Wilson, Nana O.; Stiles, Jonathan K.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Jain, Vidhan; Singh, Mrigendra P.; Singh, Neeru] ICMR, Jabalpur, India. [Tongren, Jon E.; Ned, Renee M.; Crawford, Sara; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Div Parasit Dis,Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Joel, Pradeep K.; Nagpal, Avinash C.; Dash, A. P.] Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose Hosp, Jabalpur, India. RP Stiles, JK (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM vidhanjain78@yahoo.com; hbaarmah@hotmail.com; Eric.Tongren@maine.gov; rin1@cdc.gov; nwilson@msm.edu; sgv0@cdc.gov; pradeepj@rediffmail.com; mrigendrapal@gmail.com; avinash.nagpal@reiffmail.com; apdash2@rediffmail.com; vxu0@cdc.gov; oicmrc@yahoo.co.in; jstiles@msm.edu RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 FU FIC NIH HHS [R21 TW006804, R21TW006804-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003034, RR03034]; NIGMS NIH HHS [SO6GM08248, S06 GM008248] NR 62 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 83 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-83 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 309SW UT WOS:000256481500001 PM 18489763 ER PT J AU Vora, S Damon, I Fulginiti, V Weber, SG Kahana, M Stein, SL Gerber, SI Garcia-Houchins, S Lederman, E Hruby, D Collins, L Scott, D Thompson, K Barson, JV Regnery, R Hughes, C Daum, RS Li, Y Zhao, H Smith, S Braden, Z Karem, K Olson, V Davidson, W Trindade, G Bolken, T Jordan, R Tien, D Marcinak, J AF Vora, Surabhi Damon, Inger Fulginiti, Vincent Weber, Stephen G. Kahana, Madelyn Stein, Sarah L. Gerber, Susan I. Garcia-Houchins, Sylvia Lederman, Edith Hruby, Dennis Collins, Limone Scott, Dorothy Thompson, Kenneth Barson, John V. Regnery, Russell Hughes, Christine Daum, Robert S. Li, Yu Zhao, Hui Smith, Scott Braden, Zach Karem, Kevin Olson, Victoria Davidson, Whitni Trindade, Giliane Bolken, Tove Jordan, Robert Tien, Debbie Marcinak, John TI Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIPOXVIRUS COMPOUND ST-246; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTIONS; VIRUS; EFFICACY; MICE; EXPERIENCE AB Background. We report the first confirmed case of eczema vaccinatum in the United States related to smallpox vaccination since routine vaccination was discontinued in 1972. A 28-month-old child with refractory atopic dermatitis developed eczema vaccinatum after exposure to his father, a member of the US military who had recently received smallpox vaccine. The father had a history of inactive eczema but reportedly reacted normally to the vaccine. The child's mother also developed contact vaccinia infection. Methods. Treatment of the child included vaccinia immune globulin administered intravenously, used for the first time in a pediatric patient; cidofovir, never previously used for human vaccinia infection; and ST-246, an investigational agent being studied for the treatment of orthopoxvirus infection. Serological response to vaccinia virus and viral DNA levels, correlated with clinical events, were utilized to monitor the course of disease and to guide therapy. Burn patient-type management was required, including skin grafts. Results. The child was discharged from the hospital after 48 days and has recovered with no apparent systemic sequelae or significant scarring. Conclusion. This case illustrates the need for careful screening prior to administration of smallpox vaccine and awareness by clinicians of the ongoing vaccination program and the potential risk for severe adverse events related to vaccinia virus. C1 [Vora, Surabhi; Weber, Stephen G.; Daum, Robert S.; Marcinak, John] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kahana, Madelyn] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Sect Crit Care, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Weber, Stephen G.; Garcia-Houchins, Sylvia] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Infect Control Program, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Stein, Sarah L.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dermatol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Thompson, Kenneth] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gerber, Susan I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Damon, Inger; Lederman, Edith; Regnery, Russell; Hughes, Christine; Li, Yu; Zhao, Hui; Smith, Scott; Braden, Zach; Karem, Kevin; Olson, Victoria; Davidson, Whitni; Trindade, Giliane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barson, John V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fulginiti, Vincent] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Fulginiti, Vincent] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Hruby, Dennis; Bolken, Tove; Jordan, Robert; Tien, Debbie] SIGA Technol, Corvallis, OR USA. [Scott, Dorothy] US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Vora, S (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM sbhargav@uchicago.edu NR 30 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1555 EP 1561 DI 10.1086/587668 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 289KA UT WOS:000255052200011 PM 18419490 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Hiratzka, SL Brayton, KA Palmer, GH Lee, KN AF Massung, Robert F. Hiratzka, Shannon L. Brayton, Kelly A. Palmer, Guy H. Lee, Kemba N. TI Succinate dehydrogenase gene arrangement and expression in Anaplasma phagocytophilum SO GENE LA English DT Article DE sdh; Ehrlichia; human anaplasmosis; kreb's cycle ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASES; TRANSLATION INITIATION; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; COMPLEX-II; IDENTIFICATION AB DNA sequencing of the region directly downstream of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum (strain MRK) 16S rRNA gene identified homologues of sdhC and sdhD; however, further sequencing by gene walking failed to identify additional sdh gene homologues. The sequence downstream of sdhD identified a partial gene, pep1, predicted to encode a protein >35.3 kDa with 26.3% identity to a hypothetical Ehrlichia canis protein with no known function. The recently completed sequence of the A. phagocytophilum genome confirmed our findings and indicated that the sdhA and sdhB genes are duplicated in a tandem orientation, and located distant from the sdhC and sdhD genes. The expression of the A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA, sdhC, and sdhD genes was examined by reverse transcriptase PCR which showed that these three genes are expressed as an operon. The pep1 gene was expressed independent of the 16S-sdhCD operon from a promoter between sdhD and pep1. Further analysis of the sdhA and sdhB genes suggested the tandem duplication of the genes in conserved and may be unique to the species A. phagocytophilum. While the conservation of the A. phagocytophilum Sdh proteins, including the residues required for heme- and quitione-binding by SdhC and SdhD, suggests these subunits form an active enzymatic complex, the unusual genomic arrangement and expression pattern of these genes support previous studies (rRNA,ftsZ) indicating that gene rearrangement and operon fragmentation are common in the genomes of Anaplasma and other obligate intracellular bacteria. OMB disclaimer: the findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Massung, Robert F.; Hiratzka, Shannon L.; Lee, Kemba N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 414 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2008.02.005 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 299RG UT WOS:000255772100005 PM 18378408 ER PT J AU Supapol, WB Remis, RS Raboud, J Millson, M Tappero, J Kaul, R Kulkarni, P McConnell, MS Mock, PA Culnane, M McNicholl, J Roongpisuthipong, A Chotpitayasunondh, T Shaffer, N Butera, S AF Supapol, Wendy Bhanich Remis, Robert S. Raboud, Janet Millson, Margaret Tappero, Jordan Kaul, Rupert Kulkarni, Prasad McConnell, Michelle S. Mock, Philip A. Culnane, Mary McNicholl, Janet Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Shaffer, Nathan Butera, Salvatore TI Reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV associated with infant but not maternal GB virus C infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA ID HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; COINFECTION; C/HGV; THAILAND; RNA; INDIVIDUALS; SURVIVAL; VIREMIA AB Background. Prolonged coinfection with GB virus C (GBV-C) has been associated with improved survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. We investigated whether maternal or infant GBV-C infection was associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 infection. Methods. The study population included 1364 HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in 3 studies of MTCT of HIV in Bangkok, Thailand (the studies were conducted from 1992-1994, 1996-1997, and 1999-2004, respectively). We tested plasma collected from pregnant women at delivery for GBV-C RNA, GBV-C antibody, and GBV-C viral genotype. If GBV-CRNA was detected in the maternal samples, the 4- or 6-month infant sample was tested for GBV-C RNA. The rates of MTCT of HIV among GBV-C-infected women and infants were compared with the rates among women and infants without GBV-C infection. Results. The prevalence of GBV-C RNA in maternal samples was 19%. Of 245 women who were GBV-C RNA positive, 101 (41%) transmitted GBV-C to their infants. Of 101 infants who were GBV-C RNA positive, 2 (2%) were infected with HIV, compared with 162 (13%) of 1232 infants who were GBV-C RNA negative (odds ratio [OR] adjusted for study, 0.13 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.03-0.54]). This association remained after adjustment for maternal HIV viral load, receipt of antiretroviral prophylaxis, CD4(+) count, and other covariates. MTCT of HIV was not associated with the presence of GBV-C RNA (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.62-1.42]) or GBV-C antibody (aOR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.54-1.50]) in maternal samples. Conclusions. Reduced MTCT of HIV was significantly associated with infant acquisition of GBV-C but not with maternal GBV-C infection. The mechanism for this association remains unknown. C1 [Supapol, Wendy Bhanich; Remis, Robert S.; Raboud, Janet; Millson, Margaret] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Kaul, Rupert] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. [Kaul, Rupert] Univ Hlth Network, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tappero, Jordan; McConnell, Michelle S.; Mock, Philip A.; Culnane, Mary; Shaffer, Nathan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat] Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kulkarni, Prasad; McNicholl, Janet; Butera, Salvatore] Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [McConnell, Michelle S.; Culnane, Mary; Shaffer, Nathan] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Supapol, WB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 155 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. EM supapol@cogeco.ca FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 R21 AI060538] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.1086/587488 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 294WU UT WOS:000255437800004 PM 18419578 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Garcia, AD Yang, CF Wright, A Kalish, ML Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, William M. Garcia, Albert D. Yang, Chunfu Wright, Anthony Kalish, Marcia L. Folks, Thomas M. Heneine, Walid TI Coinfection with HIV-1 and simian foamy virus in West Central Africans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Foamy Virus Conference CY AUG 03-05, 2006 CL Seattle, WA ID REPUBLIC-OF-CONGO; MANDRILLUS-SPHINX; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PRIMATES; TYPE-1; KINSHASA; CAMEROON; HUMANS; SEX AB Frequent infection with zoonotic simian foamy virus (SFV) has been reported among HIV-negative primate hunters in rural Cameroon. Plasma samples obtained from urban commercial sex workers (CSWs; n = 139), patients with sexually transmitted diseases (n = 41), and blood donors (n = 179) in the Democratic Republic of Congo [formerly known as Zaire] and Cameroon were tested for SFV and HIV-1 infection. One CSW and one blood donor were found to be seropositive for both SFV and HIV-1, thereby documenting what are, to our knowledge, the first reported cases of dual SFV and HIV infection. The findings of the present study suggest opportunities for bloodborne and sexual transmission of SFV and highlight the importance of defining the clinical consequences of dual infections. C1 [Switzer, William M.; Garcia, Albert D.; Yang, Chunfu; Wright, Anthony; Kalish, Marcia L.; Folks, Thomas M.; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Branch Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1393 DI 10.1086/587493 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 294WU UT WOS:000255437800007 PM 18444796 ER PT J AU Hunter, DJ Khoury, MJ Drazen, JM AF Hunter, David J. Khoury, Muin J. Drazen, Jeffrey M. TI Letting the genome out of the bottle - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hunter, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 20 BP 2185 EP 2185 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300TY UT WOS:000255849300033 ER PT J AU Pratt, R Robison, V Navin, T Menzies, H AF Pratt, R. Robison, V. Navin, T. Menzies, H. TI Trends in tuberculosis United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 281-285, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Pratt, R.; Robison, V.; Navin, T.; Menzies, H.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pratt, R (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 18 BP 2142 EP 2144 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 299XX UT WOS:000255790000010 ER PT J AU Flowers, NT Croft, JB AF Flowers, N. T. Croft, J. B. TI Hospitalization discharge diagnoses for kidney disease - United States, 1980-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 309-312, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTCOMES C1 [Flowers, N. T.; Croft, J. B.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flowers, NT (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 18 BP 2144 EP 2145 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 299XX UT WOS:000255790000011 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Ward, E Anderson, RN Murray, T Thun, MJ AF Jemal, Ahmedin Ward, Elizabeth Anderson, Robert N. Murray, Taylor Thun, Michael J. TI Widening of Socioeconomic Inequalities in US Death Rates, 1993-2001 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ALL-CAUSE; EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENTIALS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MORTALITY; HEALTH; TRENDS; CERTIFICATE; CANCER AB Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in death rates from all causes combined widened from 1960 until 1990 in the U. S., largely because cardiovascular death rates decreased more slowly in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. However, no studies have examined trends in inequalities using recent US national data. Methodology/Principal Findings: We calculated annual age-standardized death rates from 1993-2001 for 25-64 year old non-Hispanic whites and blacks by level of education for all causes and for the seven most common causes of death using death certificate information from 43 states and Washington, D. C. Regression analysis was used to estimate annual percent change. The inequalities in all cause death rates between Americans with less than high school education and college graduates increased rapidly from 1993 to 2001 due to both significant decreases in mortality from all causes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other conditions in the most educated and lack of change or increases among the least educated. For white women, the all cause death rate increased significantly by 3.2 percent per year in the least educated and by 0.7 percent per year in high school graduates. The rate ratio (RR) comparing the least versus most educated increased from 2.9 (95% CI, 2.8-3.1) in 1993 to 4.4 (4.1-4.6) in 2001 among white men, from 2.1 (1.8-2.5) to 3.4 (2.9-3-9) in black men, and from 2.6 (2.4-2.7) to 3.8 (3.6-4.0) in white women. Conclusion: Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are increasing rapidly due to continued progress by educated white and black men and white women, and stable or worsening trends among the least educated. C1 [Jemal, Ahmedin; Ward, Elizabeth; Murray, Taylor; Thun, Michael J.] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Anderson, Robert N.] Natl Ctr Health Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ajemal@cancer.org FU American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded the analysis, interpretation, and compilation of surveillance data. No staff at the American Cancer Society or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, other than the study investigators, played a role in designing and conducting the study, including analysis, interpretation, and presentation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2181 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002181 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 390OE UT WOS:000262172800046 PM 18478119 ER PT J AU Coffey, LL Vasilakis, N Brault, AC Powers, AM Tripet, F Weaver, SC AF Coffey, Lark L. Vasilakis, Nikos Brault, Aaron C. Powers, Ann M. Tripet, Frederic Weaver, Scott C. TI Arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE adaptation; RNA virus emergence; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ID VENEZUELAN-EQUINE-ENCEPHALITIS; ROSS RIVER VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; INVERTEBRATE CELLS; VECTOR INFECTION; HEPARAN-SULFATE; SINDBIS VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; ADAPTATION AB The intrinsic plasticity of RNA viruses can facilitate host range changes that lead to epidemics. However, evolutionary processes promoting cross-species transfers are poorly defined, especially for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). In theory, cross species transfers by arboviruses may be constrained by their alternating infection of disparate hosts, where optimal replication in one host involves a fitness tradeoff for the other. Accordingly, freeing arboviruses from alternate replication via specialization in a single host should accelerate adaptation. This hypothesis has been tested by using cell culture model systems with inconclusive results. Therefore, we tested it using an in vivo system with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), an emerging alphavirus of the Americas. VEEV serially passaged in mosquitoes exhibited increased mosquito infectivity and vertebrate-specialized strains produced higher viremias. Conversely, alternately passaged VEEV experienced no detectable fitness gains in either host. These results suggest that arbovirus adaptation and evolution is limited by obligate host alternation and predict that arboviral emergence via host range changes may be less frequent than that of single host animal RNA viruses. C1 [Coffey, Lark L.; Vasilakis, Nikos; Brault, Aaron C.; Weaver, Scott C.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Coffey, Lark L.; Vasilakis, Nikos; Brault, Aaron C.; Weaver, Scott C.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Powers, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Tripet, Frederic] Univ Keele, Ctr Appl Entomol & Parasitol, Sch Life Sci, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sweaver@utmb.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011; Tripet, Frederic/M-6693-2015 OI Tripet, Frederic/0000-0002-7939-0712 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI007536, R01 AI049725, AI049725, T32 AI-107526N, T32 AI007536]; PHS HHS [T01/CCT622892] NR 39 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 19 BP 6970 EP 6975 DI 10.1073/pnas.0712130105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301UN UT WOS:000255921200034 PM 18458341 ER PT J AU Asghar, RJ Pratt, RH Kammerer, JS Navin, TR AF Asghar, Rana Jawad Pratt, Robert H. Kammerer, J. Steve Navin, Thomas R. TI Tuberculosis in South Asians living in the United States, 1993-2004 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IMMIGRANT ASIANS; HIGH PREVALENCE; HIV-INFECTION; CELL COUNTS; INDIA; RISK AB Background: Patients with tuberculosis (TB) in the United States are often described in 2 broad categories, US-born and foreign-born, which may mask differences among different immigrant groups. We determined characteristics of patients born in South Asia and diagnosed as having TB in the United States. Methods: All 224 101 TB cases reported to the US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System from the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1993 to 2004 were included. We used descriptive analysis and logistic regression to explore differences among patients born in South Asia, other foreign-born, and US-born TB patients. Results: Half of the South Asian TB patients (50.5%) in our study were in the 25- to 44-year-old age group, compared with 40.1% of other foreign-born TB patients and 31.8% of US-born TB patients. Compared with other foreign-born TB patients, South Asians were more likely to have extrapulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.7), more likely to be uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR, 5.8) but also more likely not to be offered HIV testing (OR, 9.4) or not to accept an HIV test if offered (OR, 11.8), and more likely not to be homeless (OR, 2.9) or not to use drugs or excess alcohol (OR, 2.7). Conclusions: South Asian TB patients in the United States are younger and more commonly develop extrapulmonary TB than other foreign-born patients. New TB control strategies that target younger patients and that encourage HIV testing and inform physicians about high extrapulmonary TB in the absence of common risk factors in South Asians are needed. C1 [Asghar, Rana Jawad; Navin, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pratt, Robert H.; Kammerer, J. Steve] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Asghar, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, MS-E93,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jawad@alumni.washington.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 936 EP 942 DI 10.1001/archinte.168.9.936 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 297VJ UT WOS:000255645200006 PM 18474757 ER PT J AU Williams, TL Luna, L Guo, Z Cox, NJ Pirkle, JL Donis, RO Barr, JR AF Williams, Tracie L. Luna, Leah Guo, Zhu Cox, Nancy J. Pirkle, James L. Donis, Ruben O. Barr, John R. TI Quantification of influenza virus hemagglutinins in complex mixtures using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hemagglutinin; mass spectrometry; pandemic influenza; seasonal vaccines; proteins; quantification ID RADIAL-IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUE; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; HUMAN BLOOD; VACCINES; ASSAY; ANTIBODY; MODEL; PURIFICATION; QUANTITATION; METABOLITES AB Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. Licensed inactivated vaccines for seasonal or pandemic influenza are formulated to contain a preset amount of hemagglutinin (HA), the critical antigen to elicit protection. Current methods to establish the HA concentration of vaccines rely on indirect measurements that are subject to considerable experimental variability. We present a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the absolute quantification of viral proteins in a complex mixture. Through use of an isotope dilution approach, HA from viral subtypes H1, H3, H5, and B was determined both directly and rapidly. This method can be applied to purified virus preparations, to monovalent bulk concentrates, or to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines with improved speed, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. This LC/MS/MS approach may substantially increase the reliability of methods used to quantitate the amount of antigen in seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines and reduce the time and effort to deliver influenza vaccines for public health use during the next influenza pandemic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guo, Zhu; Cox, Nancy J.; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Williams, Tracie L.; Luna, Leah; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G16, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov; jbarr@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 20 BP 2510 EP 2520 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.014 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 303XL UT WOS:000256074200008 PM 18440105 ER PT J AU Hsieh, SC Liu, IJ King, CC Chang, GJ Wang, WK AF Hsieh, Szu-Chia Liu, I-Jung King, Chwan-Chuen Chang, Gwong-Jeh Wang, Wei-Kung TI A strong endoplasmic reticulum retention signal in the stem-anchor region of envelope glycoprotein of dengue virus type 2 affects the production of virus-like particles SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; stem-anchor region; endoplasmic reticulum; virus-like particles ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT SUBVIRAL PARTICLES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GOLGI-APPARATUS; PLASMID DNA; PROTEINS; LOCALIZATION; ANTIGEN AB Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of flaviviruses have been shown to be produced efficiently by co-expressing the precursor membrane (PrM) and envelope (E) proteins with few exceptions, such as dengue virus type 2 (DENV2). It was reported previously that chimeric DENV2 PrM/E construct containing the stem-anchor region of E protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) produced VLPs efficiently (Chang, G. J., Hunt, A. R., Holmes, D. A., Springfield, T., Chiueh, T. S., Roehrig, J. T., and Gubler, D. J. 2003. Enhancing biosynthesis and secretion of premembrane and envelope proteins by the chimeric plasmid of dengue virus type 2 and Japanese encephalitis virus. Virology 306, 170-180.). We investigated the mechanisms involved and reported that compared with authentic DENV2 PrM/E-expressing cells, E protein in chimeric DENV2 PrM/E-expressing cells was also present in an endoglycosidase H (endo H)-resistant compartment and has shifted more to the pellets of the soluble fraction. Replacement of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of CD4 with the stem-anchor of DENV2 (CD4D2) or JEV (CD4JEV) rendered the chimeric CD4 retained predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Flow cytometry revealed higher proportion of CD4JEV than CD4D2 expressed on the cell surface. Together, these findings suggested that the stem-anchor of DENV2 contained an ER retention signal stronger than that of JEV, which might contribute to the inefficient production of DENV2 VLPs. Moreover, co-expression of C protein can enhance the production of DENV2 VLPs, suggesting a mechanism of facilitating viral particle formation during DENV2 replication. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsieh, Szu-Chia; Liu, I-Jung; Wang, Wei-Kung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Inst Microbiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Wang, Wei-Kung] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [King, Chwan-Chuen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Liu, I-Jung] Cardinal Tien Coll Healthcare & Management, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chang, Gwong-Jeh] US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wang, WK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Inst Microbiol, 1 Sec1 Jen Ai Rd, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM wwang60@yahoo.com OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 374 IS 2 BP 338 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.041 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 299DL UT WOS:000255735900013 PM 18252258 ER PT J AU Kohli, V Smithee, L Ishihara, K Ostrosky-Zelchner, L Van Buren, C Lappin, J Harrington, T Kuehnert, M Piercefield, E AF Kohli, V. Smithee, L. Ishihara, K. Ostrosky-Zelchner, L. Van Buren, C. Lappin, J. Harrington, T. Kuehnert, M. Piercefield, E. TI Transplantation-transmitted tuberculosis - Oklahoma and Texas, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 333-336, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION C1 [Kohli, V.] Integris Baptist Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. [Smithee, L.] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Ishihara, K.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Ostrosky-Zelchner, L.; Van Buren, C.; Lappin, J.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Harrington, T.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kuehnert, M.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kohli, V (reprint author), Integris Baptist Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 17 BP 2018 EP 2020 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 296NI UT WOS:000255552700010 ER PT J AU Phares, CR Lynfield, R Farley, MM Mohle-Boetani, J Harrison, LH Petit, S Craig, AS Schaffner, W Zansky, SM Gershman, K Stefonek, KR Albanese, BA Zell, ER Schuchat, A Schrag, SJ AF Phares, Christina R. Lynfield, Ruth Farley, Monica M. Mohle-Boetani, Janet Harrison, Lee H. Petit, Susan Craig, Allen S. Schaffner, William Zansky, Shelley M. Gershman, Ken Stefonek, Karen R. Albanese, Bernadette A. Zell, Elizabeth R. Schuchat, Anne Schrag, Stephanie J. TI Epidemiology of invasive group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 1999-2005 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; RISK-FACTORS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; NONPREGNANT ADULTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HEALTHY WOMEN; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Context Group B streptococcus is a leading infectious cause of morbidity in newborns and causes substantial disease in elderly individuals. Guidelines for prevention of perinatal disease through intrapartum chemoprophylaxis were revised in 2002. Candidate vaccines are under development. Objective To describe disease trends among populations that might benefit from vaccination and among newborns during a period of evolving prevention strategies. Design and Setting Analysis of active, population- based surveillance in 10 states participating in the Active Bacterial Core surveillance/ Emerging Infections Program Network. Main Outcome Measures Age- and race- specific incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease. Results There were 14 573 cases of invasive group B streptococcal disease during 1999- 2005, including 1348 deaths. The incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease among infants from birth through 6 days decreased from 0.47 per 1000 live births in 1999- 2001 to 0.34 per 1000 live births in 2003- 2005 ( P <. 001), a relative reduction of 27% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 16%- 37%). Incidence remained stable among infants aged 7 through 89 days ( mean, 0.34 per 1000 live births) and pregnant women ( mean, 0.12 per 1000 live births). Among persons aged 15 through 64 years, disease incidence increased from 3.4 per 100 000 population in 1999 to 5.0 per 100 000 in 2005 ( chi(2)(1) for trend, 57; P <. 001), a relative increase of 48% ( 95% CI, 32%-65%). Among adults 65 years or older, incidence increased from 21.5 per 100 000 to 26.0 per 100 000 ( chi(2)(1) for trend, 15; P <. 001), a relative increase of 20% ( 95% CI, 8%-35%). All 4882 isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin, but 32% and 15% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V accounted for 96% of neonatal cases and 88% of adult cases. Conclusions Among infants from birth through 6 days, the incidence of group B streptococcal disease was lower in 2003- 2005 relative to 1999-2001. This reduction coincided with the release of revised disease prevention guidelines in 2002. However, the disease burden in adults is substantial and increased significantly during the study period. C1 [Phares, Christina R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Bacterial Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Phares, Christina R.; Schuchat, Anne; Schrag, Stephanie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zell, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Mohle-Boetani, Janet] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Zansky, Shelley M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Gershman, Ken] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Stefonek, Karen R.] Oregon Publ Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Albanese, Bernadette A.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Phares, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Bacterial Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cphares@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 346 Z9 369 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 17 BP 2056 EP 2065 DI 10.1001/jama.299.17.2056 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 296NI UT WOS:000255552700022 PM 18460666 ER PT J AU Cowling, BJ Fung, ROP Cheng, CKY Fang, VJ Chan, KH Seto, WH Yung, R Chiu, B Lee, P Uyeki, TM Houck, PM Peiris, JSM Leung, GM AF Cowling, Benjamin J. Fung, Rita O. P. Cheng, Calvin K. Y. Fang, Vicky J. Chan, Kwok Hung Seto, Wing Hong Yung, Raymond Chiu, Billy Lee, Paco Uyeki, Timothy M. Houck, Peter M. Peiris, J. S. Malik Leung, Gabriel M. TI Preliminary Findings of a Randomized Trial of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Households SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: There are sparse data on whether non-pharmaceutical interventions can reduce the spread of influenza. We implemented a study of the feasibility and efficacy of face masks and hand hygiene to reduce influenza transmission among Hong Kong household members. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial of households (composed of at least 3 members) where an index subject presented with influenza-like-illness of, 48 hours duration. After influenza was confirmed in an index case by the QuickVue Influenza A+ B rapid test, the household of the index subject was randomized to 1) control or 2) surgical face masks or 3) hand hygiene. Households were visited within 36 hours, and 3, 6 and 9 days later. Nose and throat swabs were collected from index subjects and all household contacts at each home visit and tested by viral culture. The primary outcome measure was laboratory culture confirmed influenza in a household contact; the secondary outcome was clinically diagnosed influenza (by self-reported symptoms). We randomized 198 households and completed follow up home visits in 128; the index cases in 122 of those households had laboratory-confirmed influenza. There were 21 household contacts with laboratory confirmed influenza corresponding to a secondary attack ratio of 6%. Clinical secondary attack ratios varied from 5% to 18% depending on case definitions. The laboratory-based or clinical secondary attack ratios did not significantly differ across the intervention arms. Adherence to interventions was variable. Conclusions/Significance: The secondary attack ratios were lower than anticipated, and lower than reported in other countries, perhaps due to differing patterns of susceptibility, lack of significant antigenic drift in circulating influenza virus strains recently, and/or issues related to the symptomatic recruitment design. Lessons learnt from this pilot have informed changes for the main study in 2008. C1 [Cowling, Benjamin J.; Fung, Rita O. P.; Cheng, Calvin K. Y.; Fang, Vicky J.; Leung, Gabriel M.] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Kwok Hung; Peiris, J. S. Malik] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Seto, Wing Hong] Queen Mary Hosp, Hosp Authority, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yung, Raymond] Gov Hong Kong SAR, Dept Hlth, Ctr Hlth Protect, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chiu, Billy] Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lee, Paco] St Pauls Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Houck, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness, Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Glob Migrat & Quarantine, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cowling, BJ (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM gmleung@hku.hk RI Cowling, Benjamin/C-4263-2009; OI Cowling, Benjamin/0000-0002-6297-7154; Leung, Gabriel/0000-0002-2503-6283 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 U01 CI000439-01]; Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Disease; Food and Health Bureau; Government of the Hong Kong SAR; Area of Excellence Scheme of the Hong Kong University [AoE/M-12/06] FX This work has received financial support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant no. 1 U01 CI000439-01), the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Disease, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong SAR, and the Area of Excellence Scheme of the Hong Kong University Grants Committee (grant no. AoE/M-12/06). The sponsors had no role in data collection and analysis, or the decision to publish, but the CDC was involved in study design and preparation of the manuscript. This work represents the views of the authors and not their institutions, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 40 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2101 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002101 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 382YX UT WOS:000261642400023 PM 18461182 ER PT J AU Arar, S Vinogradov, E Shewmaker, PL Monteiro, MA AF Arar, Sharif Vinogradov, Evguenil Shewmaker, P. Lynn Monteiro, Mario A. TI A polysaccharide of Alloiococcus otitidis, a new pathogen of otitis media: chemical structure and synthesis of a neoglycoconjugate thereof SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alloiococcus otitidis; otitis media; capsule polysaccharicle; neoglycoconjugate; glutamic acid; structural characterization ID MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSIONS; WALL TEICHOIC-ACIDS; CHILDREN; ORGANISM; SUGARS; STRAIN; FLUID AB Alloiococcus otitidis is a recently discovered Gram-positive bacterium that has been linked with otitis media (middle ear infections). In this study, we describe the structure of a novel capsular polysaccharide (PS) expressed by the type-strain of A. otitidis, ATCC 51267, and the synthesis of a glycoconjugate composed of the capsule PS and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The capsule PS of A. otitidis type-strain was determined to be a repeating trisaccharide composed of 3-substituted N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcpNAc), 6-substituted N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalpNAc), and 4-substituted D-glucuronic acid (GlcpA), of which the majority was amidically decorated with L-glutamic acid (Glu):{-> 6})-beta-Ga1pNAc-(1 -> 4)-[Glup-6]-beta-GlcpA-(1 -> 3)-beta-GlcpNAc-(1}(n). Monomeric analysis performed on other A. otitidis strains revealed that similar components were variably expressed, but Glu appeared to be a regular constituent in all the strains examined. Due to the suitable presence of GlcpA and Glu, our approach for glycoconjugate synthesis employed a carbodiimide-based strategy with activation of available carboxyl groups by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), which afforded direct coupling between the capsule PS and BSA. Analysis by mass spectrometry indicated that this A. otitidis capsule PS-BSA conjugate was composed of BSA units that carried up to seven capsule PSs. This work represents the first report in the literature describing an A. otitidis cell-surface carbohydrate and the synthesis of a glycoconjugate preparation thereof. Presently, we are formulating plans to immunologically evaluate this A. otitidis glycoconjugate vaccine in animals. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arar, Sharif; Monteiro, Mario A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Vinogradov, Evguenil] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Shewmaker, P. Lynn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Monteiro, MA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM monteiro@uoguelph.ca NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 343 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.007 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 296VP UT WOS:000255574200010 PM 18336800 ER PT J AU Haas, SW Travers, D Tintinalli, JE Pollock, D Waller, A Barthell, E Burt, C Chapman, W Coonan, K Kamens, D McClay, J AF Haas, Stephanie W. Travers, Debbie Tintinalli, Judith E. Pollock, Daniel Waller, Anna Barthell, Edward Burt, Catharine Chapman, Wendy Coonan, Kevin Kamens, Donald McClay, James TI Toward vocabulary control for chief complaint SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE classification; informatics; medical records system; computerized; vocabulary; controlled; emergency medicine ID SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCY-MEDICINE; STANDARDIZED COMMUNICATION; FRONTLINES; PROJECT; SYSTEMS AB The chief complaint (CC) is the data element that documents the patient's reason for visiting the emergency department (ED). The need for a CC vocabulary has been acknowledged at national meetings and in multiple publications, but to our knowledge no groups have specifically focused on the requirements and development plans for a CC vocabulary.The national consensus meeting "Towards Vocabulary Control for Chief Complaint" was convened to identify the potential uses for ED CC and to develop the framework for CC vocabulary control. The 10-point consensus recommendations for action were 1) begin to develop a controlled vocabulary for CC, 2) obtain funding, 3) establish an infrastructure, 4) work with standards organizations, 5) address CC vocabulary characteristics for all user communities, 6) create a collection of CC for research, 7) identify the best candidate vocabulary for ED CCs, 8) conduct vocabulary validation studies, 9) establish beta test sites, and 10) plan publicity and marketing for the vocabulary. C1 [Travers, Debbie; Tintinalli, Judith E.; Waller, Anna] Univ N Carolina, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Haas, Stephanie W.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Informat & Library Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Travers, Debbie] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pollock, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barthell, Edward] Infin HealthCare Inc, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Barthell, Edward] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Emergency Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Burt, Catharine] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Chapman, Wendy] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biomed Informat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Coonan, Kevin] Univ Utah, Dept Biomed Informat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Kamens, Donald] St Vincents Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. [McClay, James] Univ Nebraska, Dept Emergency Med, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Tintinalli, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jet@med.unc.edu RI Haas, Stephanie/O-7765-2015; OI Chapman, Wendy/0000-0001-8702-4483 FU NLM NIH HHS [1 R13 LM008906-1] NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00104.x PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 292SA UT WOS:000255285200011 PM 18439204 ER PT J AU Besculides, M Zaveri, H Hanson, C Farris, R Gregory-Mercado, K Will, J AF Besculides, Melanie Zaveri, Heather Hanson, Charlotte Farris, Rosanne Gregory-Mercado, Karen Will, Julie TI Best practices in implementing lifestyle interventions in the WISEWOMAN program: Adaptable strategies for public health programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE mixed-methods evaluation; best practices; women's health; cardiovascular disease prevention; prevention research ID RE-AIM FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; IMPACT AB Purpose. Describe best practices for implementing a variety of lifestyle interventions targeting cardiovascular disease risk factors. Approach. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect and analyze data. The study was guided by the RE-AIM framework. Setting. Selected Well-Integrated Screening and Intervention for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) projects funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants. Five of the 15 currently operating WISEWOMAN projects were selected for study. Selection was based on availability of quantitative performance data, which were used to identify two high-performing and one low-performing sites within each project. Method. Qualitative data collection included a review of program materials; telephone interviews with federal, project, and local staff, and site visits. Site visits involved interviews with staff, observations of the lifestyle intervention, and discussions with focus groups of participants. Analysis involved writing site repo-as, developing theme tables, identifying Practices of interest, and applying an algorithm to identify best practices. Results. Eighty-seven best practices were identified. We present a subset of 31 practices applicable to other public health programs and for which differences in how high- and low-performing sites used the practices were identified. Discussion. Many of the best practices identified are applicable to broader audiences. Practitioners interested in strategies to recruit, engage, and retain participants and to facilitate behavior change can learn from these practices. C1 [Besculides, Melanie] Math Policy Res Inc, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Zaveri, Heather; Hanson, Charlotte] Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Farris, Rosanne; Gregory-Mercado, Karen; Will, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Besculides, M (reprint author), Math Policy Res Inc, POB 2393, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mbesculides@mathematica-mpr.com NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.4278/ajhp.22.5.322 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 299YP UT WOS:000255791800004 PM 18517092 ER PT J AU Wallis, AB Saftlas, AF Hsia, J Atrash, HK AF Wallis, Anne B. Saftlas, Audrey F. Hsia, Jason Atrash, Hani K. TI Secular trends in the rates of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension, United States, 1987-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID SEVERE MATERNAL MORBIDITY; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; RISK; DIAGNOSES; DISPARITY; ABORTION; OBESITY; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND Few studies have reported on population-level incidence of or trends in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and none report on data through 2004. We describe population trends in the incidence rates of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in the United States for 1987-2004. METHODS We analyzed public-use data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), which has been conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center-for Health Statistics since 1965. We calculated crude and age-adjusted incidence rates and estimated the risk associated with available demographic variables using Cox regression modeling. RESULTS Rates of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension increased significantly (by 25 and 184%, respectively) over the study period; in contrast, the rate of eclampsia decreased by 22% (nonsignificant). Women under the age of 20 were at significantly greater risk for all three outcomes. Women in the south of the country were at significantly greater risk for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension when compared to those in the Northeast. CONCLUSIONS The increase in gestational hypertension may be exaggerated because of the revised clinical guidelines published in the 1990s; these same revisions would likely have reduced diagnoses of preeclampsia. Therefore, our observation of a small but consistent increase in preeclampsia is a conservative indication of a true population-level change. C1 [Wallis, Anne B.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Saftlas, Audrey F.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Hsia, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Atrash, Hani K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wallis, AB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM anne-wallis@uiowa.edu NR 43 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0895-7061 EI 1941-7225 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1038/ajh.2008.20 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 288TP UT WOS:000255009000012 PM 18437143 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Brown, DW Dube, SR Bremner, JD Felitti, VJ Giles, WH AF Anda, Robert F. Brown, David W. Dube, Shanta R. Bremner, J. Douglas Felitti, Vincent J. Giles, Wayne H. TI Adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; LUNG-DISEASE; SEXUAL-ABUSE; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; TEEN PREGNANCY; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. However, little is known about the influence of childhood stressors on its occurrence. Methods: Data were from 15,472 adult HMO members enrolled in the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study from 1995 to 1997 and eligible for the prospective phase. Eight ACEs were assessed: abuse (emotional, physical, sexual); witnessing domestic violence; growing up with substance-abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members; and parental separation or divorce. The number of ACEs (ACE Score) was used to examine the relationship of childhood stressors to the risk of COPD. Three methods of case ascertainment were used to define COPD: baseline reports of prevalent COPD, incident hospitalizations with COPD as a discharge diagnosis, and rates of prescription medications to treat COPD during follow-up. Follow-up data were available through 2004. Results: The ACE Score had a graded relationship to each of three measures of the occurrence of COPD. Compared to people with an ACE Score of 0, those with an ACE Score of >= 5 had 2.6 times the risk of prevalent COPD, 2.0 times the risk of incident hospitalizations, and 1.6 times the rates of prescriptions (p<0.01 for all comparisons). These associations were only modestly reduced by adjustment for smoking. The mean age at hospitalization decreased as the ACE Score increased (p<0.01). Conclusions: Decades after they occur, adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of COPD. Because this increased risk is only partially mediated by cigarette smoking, other mechanisms by which ACEs may contribute to the occurrence of COPD merit consideration. C1 [Anda, Robert F.; Brown, David W.; Dube, Shanta R.; Giles, Wayne H.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bremner, J. Douglas] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bremner, J. Douglas] Emory Univ, Dept Radiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bremner, J. Douglas] Emory Univ, Emory Ctr Positron Emiss Tomog, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bremner, J. Douglas] Atlanta GA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. [Felitti, Vincent J.] So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 1770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfa1@cdc.gov RI Bremner, James/B-1632-2013 NR 62 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 299NE UT WOS:000255761500004 PM 18407006 ER PT J AU Breslau, ES Ballard-Barbash, RR Nelson, DE Canales, M AF Breslau, Erica S. Ballard-Barbash, Rachel R. Nelson, David E. Canales, Mary TI Translation of the 2002 hormone study findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MEDIA C1 [Breslau, Erica S.; Ballard-Barbash, Rachel R.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nelson, David E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Canales, Mary] Mahantucket Pequot Tribal Nation, Bemidji, MN USA. RP Breslau, ES (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM breslaue@mail.nih.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 451 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.007 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 299NE UT WOS:000255761500013 PM 18407015 ER PT J AU Ward, JW AF Ward, John W. TI Time for renewed commitment to viral hepatitis prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ward, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 779 EP 781 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.136275 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295RY UT WOS:000255492800008 PM 18381978 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, CM Lyerla, R MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Behel, SK Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M Shehan, DA Thiede, H Torian, LV AF Weinbaum, Cindy M. Lyerla, Rob MacKellar, Duncan A. Valleroy, Linda A. Secura, Gina M. Behel, Stephanie K. Bingham, Trista Celentano, David D. Koblin, Beryl A. LaLota, Marlene Shehan, Douglas A. Thiede, Hanne Torian, Lucia V. CA Young Men's Survey Study Grp TI The young men's survey phase II: Hepatitis B immunization and infection among young men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HIV PREVALENCE; RISK-FACTORS; VACCINATION; PREVENTION; PHYSICIANS; HISTORIES; BEHAVIORS; ACCURACY; SERVICES AB Objectives. We measured the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization and HBV infection among men aged 23 to 29 years who have sex with men. Methods. We analyzed data from 2834 men who have sex with men in 6 US metropolitan areas. Participants were interviewed and tested for serologic markers of immunization and HIBV infection in 1998 through 2000. Results. Immunization prevalence was 17.2%; coverage was 21.0% among participants with private physicians or health maintenance organizations and 12.6% among those with no source of health care. Overall, 20.6% had markers of HBV infection, ranging from 13.7% among the youngest to 31.0% among the oldest participants. Among those susceptible to HBV, 93.5% had regular sources of health care, had been tested for HIV, or had been treated for a sexually transmitted disease. Conclusions. Although many young men who have sex with men have access to health care, most are not immunized against HBV. To reduce morbidity from HBV in this population, providers of health care, including sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention services, should provide vaccinations or referrals for vaccination. C1 [Weinbaum, Cindy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reprint Serv, Off Commun, NCHHSTP,Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [MacKellar, Duncan A.; Valleroy, Linda A.; Secura, Gina M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bingham, Trista] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Celentano, David D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Koblin, Beryl A.] New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [LaLota, Marlene] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Shehan, Douglas A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Thiede, Hanne] Publ Hlth Seattle, Seattle, WA USA. [Torian, Lucia V.] New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Weinbaum, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reprint Serv, Off Commun, NCHHSTP,Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop E-06,16000 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NPIN2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.101915 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295RY UT WOS:000255492800020 PM 18382012 ER PT J AU Cummings, KJ Cox-Ganser, J Riggs, MA Edwards, N Hobbs, GR Kreiss, K AF Cummings, Kristin J. Cox-Ganser, Jean Riggs, Margaret A. Edwards, Nicole Hobbs, Gerald R. Kreiss, Kathleen TI Health effects of exposure to water-damaged New Orleans homes six months after hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ASTHMA-LIKE SYMPTOMS; DAMPNESS; MOLD; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATION; BUILDINGS; LOUISIANA; WORKERS; OCTOBER AB Objectives. We investigated the relation between respiratory symptoms and exposure to water-damaged homes and the effect of respirator use in posthurricane New Orleans, Louisiana. Methods. We randomly selected 600 residential sites and then interviewed 1 adult per site. We created an exposure variable, calculated upper respiratory symptom (URS) and lower respiratory symptom (LRS) scores, and defined exacerbation categories by the effect on symptoms of being inside water-damaged homes. We used multiple linear regression to model symptom scores (for all participants) and polytomous logistic regression to model exacerbation of symptoms when inside (for those participating in clean-up). Results. Of 553 participants (response rate=92%), 372 (68%) had participated in clean-up; 233,(63%) of these used a respirator. Respiratory symptom scores increased linearly with exposure (P<.05 for trend). Disposable-respirator use was associated with lower odds of exacerbation of moderate or severe symptoms inside water-damaged homes for URS (odds ratio (OR)=.51; 95% confidence interval (Cl)=0.24, 1.09) and LRS (OR=0.33; 95% CI=0.13, 0.83). Conclusions. Respiratory symptoms were positively associated with exposure to water-damaged homes, including exposure limited to being inside without participating in clean-up. Respirator use had a protective effect and should be considered when inside water-damaged homes regardless of activities undertaken. C1 [Cummings, Kristin J.; Riggs, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cummings, Kristin J.; Riggs, Margaret A.; Edwards, Nicole; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Cummings, Kristin J.; Riggs, Margaret A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Hobbs, Gerald R.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Cummings, KJ (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd,Ms 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cvx5@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.118398 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295RY UT WOS:000255492800024 PM 18381997 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Mowery, P Asman, K Pederson, LL O'Malley, PM Malarcher, A Mabach, EW Pechacek, TF AF Nelson, David E. Mowery, Paul Asman, Kat Pederson, Linda L. O'Malley, Patrick M. Malarcher, Ann Mabach, Edward W. Pechacek, Terry F. TI Long-term trends in adolescent and young adult smoking in the United States: Metapatterns and implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL SENIORS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; YOUTH SMOKING; TOBACCO USE; SERUM COTININE; US ADOLESCENTS; DRUG-USE; RISK; INDUSTRY; METAANALYSIS AB Objectives. We sought to describe long-term adolescent and young adult smoking trends and patterns. Methods. We analyzed adolescent data from Monitoring the Future, 1976 to 2005, and young adult (aged 18-24 years) data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1974 to 2005, overall and in subpopulations to identify trends in current cigarette smoking prevalence. Results. Five metapatterns emerged: we found (1) a large increase and subsequent decrease in overall smoking over the past 15 years, (2) a steep decline in smoking among Blacks through the early 1990s, (3) a gender gap reversal among older adolescents and young adults who smoked over the past 15 years, (4) similar trends in smoking for most subgroups since the early 1990s, and (5) a large decline in smoking among young adults with less than a high school education. Conclusions. Long-term patterns for adolescent and young adult cigarette smoking were decidedly nonlinear, and we found evidence of a cohort effect among young adults. Continued strong efforts and a long-term societal commitment to tobacco use prevention are needed, given the unprecedented declines in smoking among most subpopulations since the mid- to late 1990s. C1 [Nelson, David E.; Mowery, Paul; Pederson, Linda L.; Malarcher, Ann; Pechacek, Terry F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Asman, Kat] Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [O'Malley, Patrick M.] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Mabach, Edward W.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K 67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov RI Kim, Hyung Woo /G-7525-2011; O'Malley, Patrick/B-1582-2016; OI O'Malley, Patrick/0000-0001-9000-2824; Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA01411, R01 DA001411] NR 83 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 905 EP 915 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.115931 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295RY UT WOS:000255492800029 PM 18382001 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Groom, AV Wortley, PM Euler, GL AF Lindley, Megan C. Groom, Amy V. Wortley, Pascale M. Euler, Gary L. TI Status of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among older American Indians and Alaska Natives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HEALTH-STATUS; TELEPHONE COVERAGE; DISPARITIES; CARE; VALIDATION; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; ACCESS AB Objectives. We sought to estimate the influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among older American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adults nationally and the impact of sociodemographic factors, variations by geographic region, and access to services on vaccination coverage. Methods. We obtained our sample of 1981 AIAN and 179845 White respondents 65 years and older from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2003 to 2005. Logistic regression provided predictive marginal vaccination coverage for each covariate and adjusted for demographic characteristics and access to care. Results. Unadjusted influenza coverage estimates were similar between AIAN and White respondents (68.1% vs 69.5%), but pneumococcal vaccination was lower among AIAN respondents (58.1% vs 67.2%; P<.01). After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported coverage for both vaccines was statistically similar between AIAN and White adults. Conclusions. Although there was no disparity in influenza coverage, pneumococcal coverage was lower among AIAN than among White respondents, probably because of sociodemographic risk factors. Regional variation indicates a need to monitor coverage and target interventions to reduce disparities within geographically and culturally diverse subpopulations of AIAN persons. C1 [Lindley, Megan C.; Wortley, Pascale M.; Euler, Gary L.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Groom, Amy V.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlindley@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.119321 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295RY UT WOS:000255492800032 PM 18381996 ER PT J AU Husain, S Wagner, DL Paterson, DL Kauffman, CA Dubberke, ER Schuster, MG Pappas, PG Avery, RK Wannemuehler, KA Park, BJ Chiller, TM AF Husain, S. Wagner, D. L. Paterson, D. L. Kauffman, C. A. Dubberke, E. R. Schuster, M. G. Pappas, P. G. Avery, R. K. Wannemuehler, K. A. Park, B. J. Chiller, T. M. TI Preliminary results of the Organ Transplant Infection Project (OTIP), a multi-year cohort study of stem cell and lung transplant recipients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Husain, S.; Paterson, D. L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wagner, D. L.; Wannemuehler, K. A.; Park, B. J.; Chiller, T. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kauffman, C. A.] Univ Michigan, VA Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dubberke, E. R.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Schuster, M. G.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pappas, P. G.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Avery, R. K.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH USA. RI Paterson, David/A-9258-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 SU 2 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 299NV UT WOS:000255763202207 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Hamel, MJ Breiman, RF Mermin, J Vulule, J Laserson, KF AF Feikin, Daniel R. Hamel, Mary J. Breiman, Robert F. Mermin, Jonathan Vulule, John Laserson, Kayla F. TI An occasion for pause and reflection - Challenges to public health during times of instability: A report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Kenya Medical Research Institute on the post-election violence in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 [Feikin, Daniel R.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Int Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Zoonoses Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Int Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 695 EP 696 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 296TG UT WOS:000255568100003 PM 18458297 ER PT J AU Shah, JJ Maloney, SA Liu, Y Flagg, EW Johnston, SP Young, SA Weston, R Merritt, S Wilkins, PP Keane, V Calderon, J Sharp, DJ Causer, L Maguire, JH Cetron, MS AF Shah, J. Jina Maloney, Susan A. Liu, Yecai Flagg, Elaine W. Johnston, Stephanie P. Young, Suzanna A. Weston, Robert Merritt, Samuel Wilkins, Patricia P. Keane, Vincent Calderon, Jaime Sharp, Donald J. Causer, Louise Maguire, James H. Cetron, Martin S. TI Evaluation of the impact of overseas pre-departure treatment for infection with intestinal parasites among montagnard refugees migrating from Cambodia to north Carolina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST-ASIAN REFUGEES; ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; ALBENDAZOLE; THERAPY; MALARIA; MEBENDAZOLE; IMMIGRANTS; GIARDIA AB We evaluated the effectiveness of an overseas pre-departure regimen of five days of albendazole for presumptive treatment of intestinal parasites by examining stool specimens in treated and untreated Montagnard refugees after arrival in the United States. Among 815 refugees evaluated, fully treated refugees had a significantly lower prevalence of helminths (11 [1.4%] of 777), specifically hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides, than untreated pregnant women (3 [20%] of 15) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment was associated with significantly lower rates of infection with helminths but not protozoa. Post-arrival gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with findings on stool examination. Our evaluation suggests that although additional studies are needed to determine optimal treatment regimens for intestinal parasites, especially among young children and pregnant women, a five-day course of pre-departure albendazole was effective in reducing helminthic infection in treated refugees. C1 [Maloney, Susan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. N Carolina State Refugee Hlth Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Merritt, Samuel] N Carolina State Lab Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. Int Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Shah, J. Jina] Novartis Vaccines, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Liu, Yecai; Cetron, Martin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Shah, JJ (reprint author), Novartis Vaccines, 4560 Horton St,MS X-600A, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM jina.shah@gmail.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 754 EP 759 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 296TG UT WOS:000255568100016 PM 18458310 ER PT J AU Almeida, CE Pacheco, RS Haag, K Dupas, S Dotson, EM Costa, J AF Almeida, Carlos Eduardo Pacheco, Raquel S. Haag, Karen Dupas, Stephane Dotson, Ellen M. Costa, Jane TI Inferring from the Cyt B gene the Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera : Reduviidae : Triatominae) genetic structure and domiciliary infestation in the state of Paraiba, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE VECTOR; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; DNA POLYMORPHISM; DOMESTIC POPULATIONS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; DISPERSAL; ARGENTINA; ORIGIN AB The Triatoma brasiliensis genetic structure was analyzed using the Cyt B gene in different geographic locations and ecotopes after a short and long period after insecticide treatment. Four different localities (16-40 km apart) in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, were sampled. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that grouping populations according to the geographic location or ecotope resulted in a higher variance among populations within groups (Phi(SC) ranging from 0.15 to 0.17) than among groups (Phi(CT) ranging from 0.04 to 0.07). The percentage of variation was reduced among populations within groups and increased among groups (Phi(SC) = 0.08, Phi(CT) = 0.16) by grouping 1) the domiciliary populations from each village and 2) all wild populations. These data indicated that T brasiliensis is genetically structured both ecologically and at a smaller geographic scale for domiciliary populations. Re-infestations after insecticide treatment were composed of distinct populations, pointing to variable population sources for domiciliary infestations. C1 [Almeida, Carlos Eduardo; Pacheco, Raquel S.; Costa, Jane] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Haag, Karen] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Genet, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Dupas, Stephane] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Inst Dev Res, UR072, Quito, Ecuador. [Dotson, Ellen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Almeida, CE (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Pav Mourisco S-211, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM almeidace@ioc.fiocruz.br; rpacheco@ioc.fiocruz.br; karen.haag@ufrgs.br; dupas@legs.cnrs-gif.fr; ebd6@cdc.gov; jcosta@ioc.fiocruz.br RI Almeida, Carlos Eduardo/E-7983-2014; Costa, Jane /K-6997-2012; Haag, Karen/R-1382-2016 OI Haag, Karen/0000-0003-1162-0152 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 791 EP 802 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 296TG UT WOS:000255568100021 PM 18458315 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Zeidner, NS Gabitzsch, E Dietrich, G Borchert, JN Poche, RM Piesman, J AF Dolan, Marc C. Zeidner, Nordin S. Gabitzsch, Elizabeth Dietrich, Gabrielle Borchert, Jeff N. Poche, Rich M. Piesman, Joseph TI Short report: A doxycycline hyclate rodent bait formulation for prophylaxis and treatment of tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY; MURINE MODEL; IXODIDAE; INFECTION; CONNECTICUT; BABESIOSIS; NYMPHS; BITE AB The prophylactic and curative potential of doxycycline hyclate formulated in a rodent bait at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/Kg was evaluated in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. Both bait formulations prevented tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi infection in 100% of C3H/HeJ mice (N = 16), as well as cured acute, established infection in mice (N = 8) exposed to bait for 14 days. Spirochete infection was cleared in 88.9% to 100% of infected nymphs feeding on mice fed 250 and 500 mg/Kg antibiotic bait formulations, respectively. These data provide evidence for exploring alternative techniques to prevent transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes. C1 [Dolan, Marc C.; Zeidner, Nordin S.; Gabitzsch, Elizabeth; Dietrich, Gabrielle; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Borchert, Jeff N.; Poche, Rich M.] Genesis Labs Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80549 USA. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mcd4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 803 EP 805 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 296TG UT WOS:000255568100022 PM 18458316 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Holman, RC Sobel, J Yorita, KL Hennessy, TW Paisano, EL Cheek, JE AF Demma, Linda J. Holman, Robert C. Sobel, Jeremy Yorita, Krista L. Hennessy, Thomas W. Paisano, Edna L. Cheek, James E. TI Epidemiology of hospitalizations associated with ulcers, gastric cancers, and Helicobacter pylori infection among American Indian and Alaska native persons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PEPTIC-ULCER; DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MORTALITY-RATES; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; TRENDS; CHILDREN; SEROPREVALENCE AB To describe the epidemiology of ulcers, gastric cancer, and Helicobacterpylori infection among American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) persons, we analyzed hospitalization discharge records with physician discharge diagnoses coded as ulcer, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma during 1980 to 2005, and H. pylori during 1996 to 2005 from the Indian Health Service Inpatient Dataset. The average annual age-adjusted rate of hospitalizations that included an ulcer-associated condition was 232.4 per 100,000 AVAN persons. The age-adjusted rate for gastric cancer was 14.2 per 100,000 persons. MALT lymphoma was listed as a discharge diagnosis at an age-adjusted rate of 6.1 per 100,000, and the age-adjusted rate of H. pylori discharge diagnoses was 28.2 per 100,000. The AI/AN persons living in the Alaska region and those >= 65 years old had the highest rates of hospitalizations that listed ulcer-associated conditions, gastric cancers, MALT lymphoma, and H. pylori as a discharge diagnosis. C1 [Demma, Linda J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Enter Dis Epi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yorita, Krista L.] US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hennessy, Thomas W.] US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Paisano, Edna L.] US Dept HHS, Div Program Stat, Off Publ Hlth Support, Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Cheek, James E.] US Dept HHS, Div Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth Support, Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@emory.edu; jsobel@cdc.gov; tbh0@cdc.gov; Edna.Paisano@ihs.gov; James.Cheek@ihs.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 296TG UT WOS:000255568100024 PM 18458318 ER PT J AU Tzao, TJ Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Tzao, T. J. Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on emerging infections: News from the centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; TUBERCULOSIS C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tzao, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 5 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.03.006 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 295PU UT WOS:000255487200014 PM 18436051 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Griffing, SM de Oliveira, AM McCollum, AM Quezada, WM Arrospide, N Escalante, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Zhou, Zhiyong Griffing, Sean M. de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo McCollum, Andrea M. Quezada, Wilmer Marquino Arrospide, Nancy Escalante, Ananias A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Decline in sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant Alleles after change in drug policy in the Amazon region of Peru (vol 52, pg 739, 2008) SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Correction C1 [Zhou, Zhiyong] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. RP Zhou, ZY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1900 EP 1900 DI 10.1128/AAC.00297-08 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 294RA UT WOS:000255422000056 ER PT J AU Jacobson, MJ Lin, G Raphael, B Andreadis, J Johnson, EA AF Jacobson, Mark J. Lin, Guangyun Raphael, Brian Andreadis, Joanne Johnson, Eric A. TI Analysis of neurotoxin cluster genes in Clostridium botulinum strains producing botulinum neurotoxin serotype A subtypes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE REGULATOR; PROTEIN GENES; TOXIN; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; ORGANIZATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Neurotoxin cluster gene sequences and arrangements were elucidated for strains of Clostridium botulinum encoding botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) subtypes A3, A4, and a unique A1-producing strain (HA(-) Orfx(+) A1). These sequences were compared to the known neurotoxin cluster sequences of C botulinum strains that produce BoNT/A1 and BoNT/A2 and possess either a hemagglutinin (HA) or an Orfx cluster, respectively. The A3 and HA(-) Orfx(+) At strains demonstrated a neurotoxin cluster arrangement similar to that found in A2. The A4 strain analyzed possessed two sets of neurotoxin clusters that were similar to what has been found in the A(B) strains: an RA cluster associated with the BoNT/B gene and an Orfx cluster associated with the BoNT/A4 gene. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the neurotoxin cluster-specific genes were determined for each neurotoxin cluster and compared among strains. Additionally, the ntnh gene of each strain was compared on both the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The degree of similarity of the sequences of the ntnh genes and corresponding amino acid sequences correlated with the neurotoxin cluster type to which the ntnh gene was assigned. C1 [Jacobson, Mark J.; Lin, Guangyun; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Raphael, Brian; Andreadis, Joanne] Enter Dis Lab Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, EA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Bacteriol, 1925 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eajohnso@wisc.edu OI Raphael, Brian/0000-0003-2778-2623 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056493, U54 AI065359] NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2778 EP 2786 DI 10.1128/AEM.02828-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 296TE UT WOS:000255567900025 PM 18326685 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Myers, GL Ashwood, ER Killeen, AA Wang, E Ehlers, GI Hasserner, D Lo, SF Seccombe, D Siekmann, L Thienpont, LM Toth, A AF Miller, W. Greg Myers, Gary L. Ashwood, Edward R. Killeen, Anthony A. Wang, Edward Ehlers, Glenn In Hasserner, David Lo, Stanley F. Seccombe, David Siekmann, Lothar Thienpont, Linda M. Toth, Alan TI State of the art in trueness and interlaboratory harmonization for 10 analytes on general clinical chemistry SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; CANDIDATE REFERENCE METHOD; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTERNAL ACCURACY CONTROL; DETERMINING TARGET VALUES; URIC-ACID; HUMAN-SERUM; DEFINITIVE METHODS; CREATININE; SCHEMES AB Context.-Harmonization and standardization of results among different clinical laboratories is necessary for clinical practice guidelines to be established. Objective.-To evaluate the state of the art in measuring 10 routine chemistry analytes. Design.-A specimen prepared as off-the-clot pooled sera and 4 conventionally prepared specimens were sent to participants in the College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey. Analyte concentrations were assigned by reference measurement procedures. Participants.-Approximately 6000 clinical laboratories. Results.-For glucose, iron, potassium, and uric acid, more than 87.5% of peer groups meet the desirable bias goals based on biologic variability criteria. The remaining 6 analytes had less than 52% of peer groups that met the desirable bias criteria. Conclusions.-Routine measurement procedures for some analytes had acceptable traceability to reference systems. Conventionally prepared proficiency testing specimens were not adequately commutable with a fresh frozen specimen to be used to evaluate trueness of methods compared with a reference measurement procedure. C1 [Miller, W. Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ashwood, Edward R.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Killeen, Anthony A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Wang, Edward] Univ Illinois, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL USA. [Ehlers, Glenn In] Ortho Clin Diagnost, Dept Clin Chem, Rochester, NY USA. [Hasserner, David] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Dept Clin Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lo, Stanley F.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Reference Standards Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Seccombe, David] Canadian External Qual Assessment Lab, Dept Lab Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Siekmann, Lothar] Univ Bonn, Inst Clin Biochem, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Toth, Alan] Siemens Med Sol Diagnost, Dept Clin Chem, Tarrytown, NY USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, POB 980286, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu RI Killeen, Anthony/E-4697-2010 OI Killeen, Anthony/0000-0003-1629-9468 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 132 IS 5 BP 838 EP 846 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 297DS UT WOS:000255597900026 PM 18466033 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Sun, SJ Moonan, PK Weis, SE Saiman, L Reichard, AA Feja, K AF Lobato, Mark N. Sun, Sumi J. Moonan, Patrick K. Weis, Stephen E. Saiman, Lisa Reichard, Audrey A. Feja, Kristina CA Zero Tolerance Pediatric TB Study TI Underuse of effective measures to prevent and manage pediatric tuberculosis in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN YOUNGER; SAN-DIEGO; CARE; INFECTION; RISK; IMMIGRANTS; DIAGNOSIS; COUNTY AB Objective: To characterize problems with prevention and management of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Design: A multisite, cross-sectional study using data from medical records and public health logs to categorize and define use of routine prevention practices in managing pediatric TB and LTBI. Setting: Four areas of the United States. Participants: Children younger than 5 years diagnosed with TB from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004, and children with LTBI reported during a continuous 12-month period in 2003 to 2004. Main Exposure: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Main Outcome Measures: Underuse or nonuse of standard medical and public health interventions. Results: Almost 40% of children had a TB risk factor related to their country of birth, parental origin, or travel to a country with a high incidence of TB. Children having LTBI were less likely than those having TB to complete treatment (53.7% vs 88.6%, respectively). Almost half (46.3%) of the children with TB came to medical attention late in their course when they already had symptoms. Among 63 adult source patients, 19 (30.2%) previously had LTBI but were not treated, and none of the 40 foreign-born source patients were known to have been evaluated for TB before entry into the United States. Conclusions: Prevention efforts are unsatisfactory to prevent TB in children. Effective interventions such as treatment of LTBI and TB evaluation of adult immigrants remain less than optimal. C1 [Lobato, Mark N.; Reichard, Audrey A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sun, Sumi J.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, TB Control Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Moonan, Patrick K.; Weis, Stephen E.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Saiman, Lisa; Feja, Kristina] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mark.lobato@ct.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 162 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.5.426 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 296QC UT WOS:000255559900006 PM 18458188 ER PT J AU Curran, CP Williams, MT Vorhees, CV Patel, KV Nebert, DW AF Curran, C. P. Williams, M. T. Vorhees, C. V. Patel, K., V Nebert, D. W. TI Genetic susceptibility to PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Curran, C. P.] CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Curran, C. P.; Patel, K., V; Nebert, D. W.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Williams, M. T.; Vorhees, C. V.] Cincinnati Childrens Res Fdn, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000012 ER PT J AU Correa, A Gilboa, SM Botto, LD Moore, CA Hobbs, CA Cleves, M Colarusso, T Waller, DK Reece, EA AF Correa, A. Gilboa, S. M. Botto, L. D. Moore, C. A. Hobbs, C. A. Cleves, M. Colarusso, T. Waller, D. K. Reece, E. A. TI Does periconceptional use of vitamin supplement containing folic acid attenuate the risk for diabetes-associated birth defects? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Correa, A.; Gilboa, S. M.; Moore, C. A.; Colarusso, T.] CDC, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Botto, L. D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hobbs, C. A.; Cleves, M.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Waller, D. K.] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Reece, E. A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000014 ER PT J AU Smelser, DT Moore, CA Olney, RS Crider, KS Reefhuis, J Botto, LD Druschel, CM Romitti, PA AF Smelser, D. T. Moore, C. A. Olney, R. S. Crider, K. S. Reefhuis, J. Botto, L. D. Druschel, C. M. Romitti, P. A. TI Epidemiological study of risk factors for VATER association: Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997-2003 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smelser, D. T.; Moore, C. A.; Olney, R. S.; Crider, K. S.; Reefhuis, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Botto, L. D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Druschel, C. M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Romitti, P. A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000017 ER PT J AU Robitaille, J Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Olney, RS AF Robitaille, J. Carmichael, S. L. Shaw, G. M. Olney, R. S. TI Maternal nutrient intake and risk for transverse and longitudinal limb deficiency: Results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2003 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Robitaille, J.; Olney, R. S.] NCBDDD, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carmichael, S. L.; Shaw, G. M.] March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000028 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Schieve, LA Correa, A Hobbs, CA Rasmussen, SA AF Reefhuis, J. Honein, M. A. Schieve, L. A. Correa, A. Hobbs, C. A. Rasmussen, S. A. TI Use of clomiphene citrate and selected major birth defects: Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, USA 1997-2004 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reefhuis, J.; Honein, M. A.; Schieve, L. A.; Correa, A.; Rasmussen, S. A.] CDC, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hobbs, C. A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000039 ER PT J AU Broussard, CS Reefhuis, P Friedman, JM Rasmussen, SA Jann, MW Honein, MA AF Broussard, C. S. Reefhuis, P. Friedman, J. M. Rasmussen, S. A. Jann, M. W. Honein, M. A. TI Opioid analgesic treatment during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes: Results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2003 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Broussard, C. S.; Reefhuis, P.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Honein, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Jann, M. W.] Mercer Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000041 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, A Harley, K Bradman, A Johnson, C Barr, D AF Eskenazi, B. Marks, A. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Johnson, C. Barr, D. TI Organophosphate exposure and neurodevelopment in a Mexican American farmworker population: The CHAMACOS study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eskenazi, B.; Marks, A.; Harley, K.; Bradman, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnson, C.] Private Practice, Berkeley, CA USA. [Barr, D.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000062 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J AF Reefhuis, J. TI The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS): Working together since 1997 to identify risk factors for birth defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reefhuis, J.] CDC, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 322 EP 322 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000069 ER PT J AU Honein, MA AF Honein, M. A. TI Large multi-site epidemiologic studies: Challenges and opportunities SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Honein, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000074 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA AF Rasmussen, S. A. TI Case study: Influenza vaccine and its use during pregnancy SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000086 ER PT J AU Kucik, JE Strickland, MJ Correa, A AF Kucik, J. E. Strickland, M. J. Correa, A. TI The Birth Defects Cluster Study: A national approach to birth defects cluster investigations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kucik, J. E.; Strickland, M. J.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000127 ER PT J AU Strickland, MJ Reller, MD Riehle-Colarusso, TJ Correa, A AF Strickland, M. J. Reller, M. D. Riehle-Colarusso, T. J. Correa, A. TI Prevalence of congenital heart defects in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1998-2005 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strickland, M. J.; Riehle-Colarusso, T. J.; Correa, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reller, M. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000128 ER PT J AU Rynn, L Cragan, J Correa, A AF Rynn, L. Cragan, J. Correa, A. TI Prevalence of major birth defects in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1978-2005 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rynn, L.; Cragan, J.; Correa, A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 357 EP 357 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000130 ER PT J AU Browne, ML Caton, AR Rasmussen, SA Hoyt, AT Druschel, CM Lin, AE Waller, DK Canfield, MA Romitti, PA AF Browne, M. L. Caton, A. R. Rasmussen, S. A. Hoyt, A. T. Druschel, C. M. Lin, A. E. Waller, D. K. Canfield, M. A. Romitti, P. A. TI Maternal thyroid disease and cardiovascular malformations in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Browne, M. L.; Caton, A. R.; Hoyt, A. T.; Druschel, C. M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. [Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lin, A. E.] MassGen Hosp Children, Genet & Teratol Unit, Boston, MA USA. [Waller, D. K.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Canfield, M. A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Romitti, P. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000146 ER PT J AU Browne, ML Caton, AR Rasmussen, SA Hoyt, AT Druschel, CM Waller, DK Canfield, MA Romitti, PA Carmichael, SL AF Browne, M. L. Caton, A. R. Rasmussen, S. A. Hoyt, A. T. Druschel, C. M. Waller, D. K. Canfield, M. A. Romitti, P. A. Carmichael, S. L. TI Maternal thyroid disease and selected anomalies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Browne, M. L.; Caton, A. R.; Hoyt, A. T.; Druschel, C. M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Rasmussen, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waller, D. K.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Canfield, M. A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Romitti, P. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Carmichael, S. L.] March Dimes Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000145 ER PT J AU Dar-Row, LA Klein, M Correa, A Flanders, WD Waller, L Marcus, M Tolbert, PE AF Dar-Row, L. A. Klein, M. Correa, A. Flanders, W. D. Waller, L. Marcus, M. Tolbert, P. E. TI Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in Atlanta, 1994-2004: A time-series analysis SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dar-Row, L. A.; Klein, M.; Flanders, W. D.; Waller, L.; Marcus, M.; Tolbert, P. E.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Correa, A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Bith Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 367 EP 367 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000149 ER PT J AU Correa, A Lu, C Shin, M Siffel, C James, K AF Correa, A. Lu, C. Shin, M. Siffel, C. James, K. TI What is the current survival of infants with spina bifida? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Correa, A.; Lu, C.; Shin, M.; Siffel, C.; James, K.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 369 EP 369 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000153 ER PT J AU Strickland, MJ Klein, M Correa, A Reller, MD Mahle, WT Riehle-Colarusso, TJ Botto, LD Flanders, WD Mulholland, JA Siffel, C Marcus, MM Tolbert, PE AF Strickland, M. J. Klein, M. Correa, A. Reller, M. D. Mahle, W. T. Riehle-Colarusso, T. J. Botto, L. D. Flanders, W. D. Mulholland, J. A. Siffel, C. Marcus, M. M. Tolbert, P. E. TI Air pollution and cardiovascular malformations in Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-2003 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strickland, M. J.; Correa, A.; Riehle-Colarusso, T. J.; Siffel, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strickland, M. J.; Klein, M.; Mahle, W. T.; Flanders, W. D.; Marcus, M. M.; Tolbert, P. E.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Reller, M. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Botto, L. D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Mulholland, J. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Siffel, C.] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 380 EP 380 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000174 ER PT J AU Knight, JA Lesosky, M Blackmore, KM Voigt, LF Holt, VL Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Burkman, RT Daling, JR Whittemore, AS AF Knight, Julia A. Lesosky, Maia Blackmore, Kristina M. Voigt, Lynda F. Holt, Victoria L. Bernstein, Leslie Marchbanks, Polly A. Burkman, Ronald T. Daling, Janet R. Whittemore, Alice S. TI Ovarian cysts and breast cancer: results from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; ovarian cysts; case-control study; race; hormone receptor status ID STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; RISK; ASSOCIATION; CARCINOMA; SMOKING; IOWA AB A diagnosis of ovarian cysts is likely an indicator of hormonal milieu and thus may be related to breast cancer risk. Recent studies have reported an inverse relationship between prior ovarian cyst diagnosis and breast cancer risk. We evaluated this relationship in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) Study, a population-based case-control study conducted in Atlanta, Detroit, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Seattle. Cases had first primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 1998 at ages 35-64 years. African American women were over-sampled. Controls were identified through random digit dialling and were frequency matched to cases on centre, race, and five-year age group. A total of 4575 cases and 4682 controls were interviewed. We used unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age and study centre within racial groups to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the relationship between prior ovarian cysts and breast cancer. Ovarian cyst diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced risk among Caucasians (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.96) and among African Americans (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.57-0.81). The association in Caucasians was not significant within subgroups defined by menopausal status, hormone use, or gynecological surgery while the OR estimates in African Americans were consistently lower and frequently significant. These data are consistent with the previously reported inverse association between ovarian cysts and breast cancer, but the evidence for a relationship was stronger in African Americans than Caucasians. Additional studies are required to determine the specific cyst type(s) responsible for the observed relationship. C1 [Knight, Julia A.; Lesosky, Maia; Blackmore, Kristina M.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada. [Voigt, Lynda F.; Holt, Victoria L.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bernstein, Leslie] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burkman, Ronald T.] Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. [Whittemore, Alice S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Voigt, Lynda F.; Holt, Victoria L.; Daling, Janet R.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Knight, JA (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Prosserman Ctr Hlth Res, 60 Murray St,Box 18, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada. EM knight@mshri.on.ca RI Knight, Julia/A-6843-2012; OI Blackmore, Kristina/0000-0001-6662-6741; Lesosky, Maia/0000-0002-2026-958X FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-PC-67006, N01-PC-67010]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3276, Y01-HD-7022] NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s10549-007-9634-4 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 289BW UT WOS:000255031000016 PM 17616808 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Le, B Hanson, RK Baker, CK McMahon, PM Ryan, G Klein, A Rice, DD AF Whitaker, Daniel J. Le, Brenda Hanson, R. Karl Baker, Charlene K. McMahon, Pam M. Ryan, Gail Klein, Alisa Rice, Deborah Donovan TI Risk factors for the perpetration of child sexual abuse: A review and meta-analysis SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Review DE child sexual abuse; child molester; perpetration; risk factors ID VIOLENT OFFENDERS; ATTACHMENT STYLE; INCEST OFFENDERS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; COPING STRATEGIES; ADULT ATTACHMENT; MALE PEDOPHILES; ADOLESCENT; MOLESTERS; BEHAVIOR AB Objectives: Since the late 1980s, there has been a strong theoretical focus on psychological and social influences of perpetration of child sexual abuse. This paper presents the results of a review and meta-analysis of studies examining risk factors for perpetration of child sexual abuse published since 1990. Method: Eighty-nine studies published between 1990 and April of 2003 were reviewed. Risk factors were classified into one of the following six broad categories: family factors, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, social deficits, sexual problems, and attitudes/beliefs. Sex offenders against children (SOC) were compared to three comparison groups identified within the 89 studies: sex offenders who perpetrated against adults (SOA), non-sex offenders, and non-offenders with no history of criminal or sexual behavior problems. Results: Results for the six major categories showed that SOC were not different from SOA (all d between -.02 and.14) other than showing lower externalizing behaviors (d = -.25). Sex offenders against children were somewhat different from non-sex offenders, especially with regard to sexual problems and attitudes (d =.83 and.51). Sex offenders against children showed substantial differences from non-offenders with medium sized effects in all six major categories (d's range from.39 to.58). Conclusion: Child sex offenders are different from non-sex offenders and non-offenders but not from sex offenders against adults. Practice implications: This study suggests that the presence of general risk factors may lead to a variety of negative behavioral outcomes, including the perpetration of child sexual offending. Family factors were strongly related to the perpetration of child sex offending (vs. non-sexual offending or non-offending) and may be valuable intervention points for interrupting the development of child sex offending, as well as other negative behaviors. Other potential points for intervention may focus on the development of appropriate social and emotional skills that contribute to sexual offending. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whitaker, Daniel J.; Le, Brenda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hanson, R. Karl] Publ Safety Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [McMahon, Pam M.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Ryan, Gail] Kempe Childrens Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Klein, Alisa] Alisa Klein Consulting, Leeds, MA USA. [Rice, Deborah Donovan] Stop It Now Inc, Northampton, MA USA. [Baker, Charlene K.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Marcus Inst, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009; Hizukuri, Tatiana/H-6593-2016 NR 159 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 9 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 529 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.08.005 PG 20 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 322MF UT WOS:000257378600003 PM 18513795 ER PT J AU Chen, HP Mccoy, LF Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM AF Chen, Huiping McCoy, Leslie F. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25OHD(3)) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 (25OHD(2)) in human serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its comparison to a radioimmunoassay method SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HPLC; LC-MS/MS; radioimmunoassay; RIA; method comparison ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; BREAST-CANCER; D DEFICIENCY; PREVENTION; QUANTIFICATION; CALCIUM; ASSAYS; RISK AB Background: Measurement of vitamin D molecules are important in the management of patients with bone disease. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to measure 25OHD(3) and 25OHD(2) in human serum and compared it to the traditionally used DiaSorin radioimmunoassay (RIA). Methods: Serum samples (200 mu l) were treated with acetonitrile and centrifuged to remove protein. An online solid-phase extraction procedure was used. Calibration solutions (5-100 ng/ml) of 25OHD(2) and 25OHD(3) were prepared using 4% albumin in phosphate-buffered saline. Chromatography: C 18 column, isocratic ethanol/water (83/17, v/v). Mass spectrometry system: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode. Transitions: 250HD3, m/z 401.4 -> 383.4; 25OHD(2), m/z 413.4 -> 395.4; and the internal standard hexadeuterated-25OHD(3), m/z 407.7 -> 389.7. Results: Detection limits were 0.49 ng/ml (25OHD(3)) and 1.86 ng/ml (25OHD(2)). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were <7% and <11%, respectively, for 250HD3 and <9% and <16%, respectively, for 25OHD(2). Recovery averaged (SD) 99% (2%) for 25OHD(3) and 95% (0.8%) for 25OHD(2). In a method comparison of 551 specimens from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the LC-MS/MS method gave values that were on average 13% higher (95%CI: 11-15%) than RIA results. Conclusions: This high throughput candidate reference method requires minimal sample preparation and is suitable for routine use for analysis of vitamin D status. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Huiping; McCoy, Leslie F.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCoy, Leslie F.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zwa5@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1-2 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.01.017 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 300SR UT WOS:000255846000002 PM 18279671 ER PT J AU Chiou, SS Crill, WD Chen, LK Chang, GJJ AF Chiou, Shyan-Song Crill, Wayne D. Chen, Li-Kuang Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays using novel Japanese encephalitis virus antigen improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of flavivirus infections SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NONINFECTIOUS RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; CROSS-REACTIVE EPITOPES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M IGM; ENVELOPE PROTEIN-E; DENGUE 2 VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLES AB The cross-reactive antibodies induced by flavivirus infections confound serodiagnosis and pathogenesis, especially in secondary infections caused by antigenically closely related yet distinct flaviviruses. The envelope (E) glycoprotein fusion peptide contains immunodominant cross-reactive determinants. Using a recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) premembrane and E expression plasmid producing JEV virus-like particles (VLPs), dramatic reductions in cross-reactivity were produced by the G106K-L107D (KD) double-mutant VLP against a panel of flavivirus murine monoclonal antibodies. Human serum panels from patients with recent flavivirus infections were analyzed to compare the accuracy of JEV wild-type (WT) and KD VLPs as serodiagnostic antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in assay performances for accurate determination of current JEV infections between WT and KD antigens by detecting immunoglobulin M antibodies at a serum dilution of 1: 4,000 (likelihood ratios = 2.74 [WT] and 22 [KD]). The application and continued development of cross-reactivity-reduced antigens should improve both flavivirus infection serodiagnosis and estimates of disease burden. C1 [Crill, Wayne D.; Chang, Gwong-Jen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Chiou, Shyan-Song] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Coll Vet Med, Grad Inst Vet Publ Hlth, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Chen, Li-Kuang] Tzu Chi Univ, Coll Med, Hualien, Taiwan. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arboviral Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd,CDC Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.1128/CVI.00004-08 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TC UT WOS:000258666900012 PM 18337381 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Osterloh, JD Kennedy-Stephenson, J Picciano, MF Yetley, EA Rader, JI Johnson, CL AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Osterloh, John D. Kennedy-Stephenson, Jocelyn Picciano, Mary Frances Yetley, Elizabeth A. Rader, Jeanne I. Johnson, Clifford L. TI Trends in circulating concentrations of total homocysteine among US adolescents and adults: Findings from the 1991-1994 and 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; EXAMINATION SURVEY NHANES; UNITED-STATES; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; SERUM; DISEASE; FOLATE; METAANALYSIS AB BACKGROUND: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has monitored total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in a nationally-representative sample of the US population since 1991. Until recently, however, data could not be compared across survey periods because of changes in analytical methods and specimen matrices. Such an analysis of these data could supplement current knowledge regarding whether the US folic acid fortification program has modified national plasma tHcy concentrations. METHODS: We examined tHcy data in the prefortification NHANES III survey (phase 11, 1991-1994) and in 3 postfortification survey periods (1999-2000, 20012002, and 2003-2004). We applied method adjustment equations to the survey data based on method comparison studies of separate samples. Persons with chronic kidney disease were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS: Mean plasma tHcy concentrations decreased by 8%, 9%, and 10% for adolescent, adult, and older men andby6%,3%, and 13% for women, respectively, from before to after fortification. Concentrations remained unchanged between the first and third postfortification survey periods. Prevalence estimates of increased plasma tHcy concentrations (> 13 mu mol/L) for older men and women decreased from prefortification (32% and 20%, respectively) to postfortification (14% and 5%, respectively) but remained unchanged thereafter (16% and 14%, respectively [males] and 5% and 9%, respectively [females]). CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for method changes, we quantified a prefortification to postfortification decrease in circulating tHcy concentrations of about 10% in a national sample of the US population. This change is similar to effects seen in intervention trials with folic acid and in smaller observational studies. (c) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Osterloh, John D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kennedy-Stephenson, Jocelyn; Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Picciano, Mary Frances; Yetley, Elizabeth A.] NIH, Off Regulatory Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rader, Jeanne I.] Food & Drug Adm, Off Regulatory Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cpfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 801 EP 813 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.100214 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 293OM UT WOS:000255344600006 PM 18375482 ER PT J AU Torn, C Mueller, PW Schlosser, M Bonifacio, E Bingley, PJ AF Torn, C. Mueller, P. W. Schlosser, M. Bonifacio, E. Bingley, P. J. CA Participating Labs TI Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE adjusted sensitivity; AUC; GAD autoantibodies; IA-2 autoantibodies; islet autoantibodies; prediction; sensitivity; specificity ID INSULIN AUTOANTIBODY; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; CELL ANTIBODIES; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; COMMITTEE; RELATIVES; MELLITUS; TRIAL; IA-2 AB Aims/hypothesis Islet autoantibodies are important in diabetes classification and risk assessment, and as endpoints in observational studies. The Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP) aims to improve and standardise measurement of autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. We report results for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) from three DASP workshops (2002-2005). Methods Up to 60 laboratories in 18 countries participated in each workshop. Participants received coded serum aliquots from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (median age 18 years, range 9-35 years) and 100 blood donor controls. Results were analysed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves with sensitivity adjusted to 95% specificity in workshop controls. Results GADA assays performed well in all three workshops (median area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.94; interquartile range 0.91-0.95) and performance was similar to DASP 2000. Performance of IA-2A assays improved over the workshop programme. Median AUC was 0.81 (interquartile range 0.79-0.83) in DASP 2002, 0.82 (interquartile range 0.78-0.84) in 2003, and 0.85 (interquartile range 0.82-0.87) in 2005 (p<0.0001). Performance of GADA ELISA improved between 2002 and 2005, and, in DASP 2005, achieved higher median AUC and adjusted sensitivity than RIA. IA-2A ELISA improved and, in DASP 2005, achieved AUCs equivalent to in-house RIA. Assays using IA-2ic or full length IA-2 clones were more sensitive than those using IA-2bdc, with higher AUC (p=0.004). Conclusions/Interpretation GADA and IA-2A assays perform well in discriminating health and disease. The workshop format highlights systematic differences related to assay method and allows full evaluation of novel methods. The programme of autoantibody workshops in type 1 diabetes provides a model for other autoimmune diseases. C1 [Bingley, P. J.] Univ Bristol, Med Sch Unit, Southmead Hosp, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. [Torn, C.] Univ Hosp MAS, Clin Res Ctr, Inst Clin Sci, Unit Diabet & Coeliac Dis, Malmo, Sweden. [Mueller, P. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schlosser, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol, Karlsburg, Germany. [Schlosser, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Pathophysiol, Karlsburg, Germany. [Bonifacio, E.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. RP Bingley, PJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Med Sch Unit, Southmead Hosp, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. EM polly.bingley@bristol.ac.uk RI Bonifacio, Ezio/E-7700-2010 OI Bonifacio, Ezio/0000-0002-8704-4713 FU PHS HHS [106-310, 106-554, 107-360, PL105-33] NR 18 TC 134 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 5 BP 846 EP 852 DI 10.1007/s00125-008-0967-2 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 285AT UT WOS:000254750400021 PM 18373080 ER PT J AU Wang, JF Shackelford, JM Selliah, N Shivers, DK O'Neill, E Garcia, JV Muthumani, K Weiner, D Yu, XF Gabuzda, D Finkel, TH AF Wang, Jiangfang Shackelford, Jason M. Selliah, Nithianandan Shivers, Debra K. O'Neill, Eduardo Garcia, J. Victor Muthumani, Karuppiah Weiner, David Yu, Xiao-Fang Gabuzda, Dana Finkel, Terri H. TI The HIV-1 Vif protein mediates degradation of Vpr and reduces Vpr-induced cell cycle arrest SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; TYPE-1 VPR; HUMAN APOBEC3G; T-CELLS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; REGULATORY PROTEIN; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES AB Prior work has implicated viral protein R (Vpr) in the arrest of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, associated with increased viral replication and host cell apoptosis. We and others have recently shown that virion infectivity factor (Vif) also plays a role in the G2 arrest of HIV-1 infected cells. Here, we demonstrate that, paradoxically, at early time points postinfection, Vif expression blocks Vpr-mediated G2 arrest, while deletion of Vif from the HIV-1 genome leads to a marked increase in G2 arrest of infected CD4 T-cells. Consistent with this increased G2 arrest, T-cells infected with Vif-deleted HIV-1 express higher levels of Vpr protein than cells infected with wild-type virus. Further, expression of exogenous Vif inhibits the expression of Vpr, associated with a decrease in G2 arrest of both infected and transfected cells. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 increases Vpr protein expression and G2 arrest in wild-type, but not Vif-deleted, NL4-3-infected cells, and in cells cotransfected with Vif and Vpr. In addition, Vpr coimmunoprecipitates with Vif in cotransfected cells in the presence of MG132. This suggests that inhibition of Vpr by Vif is mediated at least in part by proteasomal degradation, similar to Vif-induced degradation of APOBEC3G. Together, these data show that Vif mediates the degradation of Vpr and modulates Vpr-induced G2 arrest in HIV-1-infected T-cells. C1 [Muthumani, Karuppiah; Weiner, David] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Finkel, Terri H.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gabuzda, Dana] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gabuzda, Dana] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yu, Xiao-Fang] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Garcia, J. Victor] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [O'Neill, Eduardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Div Influenza, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wang, Jiangfang; Shackelford, Jason M.; Selliah, Nithianandan; Shivers, Debra K.; Finkel, Terri H.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Div Rheumatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Finkel, TH (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Div Rheumatol, 3516 Civic Ctr Blvd,Room 1102, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM finkelt@email.chop.edu RI Muthumani, Karuppiah/D-1092-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI62555, R01-AI40003, R01-AI35513, R01-AI33331, R01 AI062644, R01 AI062555-04, R01 AI062555-02, R01 AI062555, R01 AI062555-01, R01 AI062555-03, R01 AI062644-04, R21-AI068527] NR 81 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 267 EP U38 DI 10.1089/dna.2007.0707 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 299WA UT WOS:000255784600007 PM 18462066 ER PT J AU Metsch, LR Pereyra, M Colfax, G Dawson-Rose, C Cardenas, G McKirnan, D Eroglu, D AF Metsch, Lisa R. Pereyra, Margaret Colfax, Grant Dawson-Rose, Carol Cardenas, Gabriel McKirnan, David Eroglu, Dogan TI HIV-positive patients' discussion of alcohol use with their HIV primary care providers SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV primary care; providers; alcohol use ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION RISK BEHAVIOR; BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; SERVICES UTILIZATION; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES AB Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of HIV-positive patients discussing alcohol use with their HIV primary care providers and factors associated with these discussions. Methods: We recruited 1225 adult participants from 10 HIV care clinics in three large US cities from May 2004 to 2005. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between self-reported rates of discussion of alcohol use with HIV primary care providers in the past 12 months and the CAGE screening measure of problem drinking and sociodemographic variables. Results: Thirty-five percent of participants reported discussion of alcohol use with their primary care providers. The odds of reporting discussion of alcohol were three times greater for problem drinkers than for non-drinkers, but only 52% of problem drinkers reported such a discussion in the prior 12 months. Sociodemographic factors associated with discussion of alcohol use (after controlling for problem drinking) were being younger than 40, male, being non-white Hispanic (compared with being Hispanic), being in poorer health, and having a better patient-provider relationship. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to increase the focus on alcohol use in the HIV primary care setting, especially with problem drinkers. Interventions addressing provider training or brief interventions that address alcohol use by HIV-positive patients in the HIV primary care setting should be considered as possible approaches to address this issue. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Metsch, Lisa R.; Pereyra, Margaret; Cardenas, Gabriel] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Colfax, Grant] San Francisco Dept Hlth, HIV Epidemiol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. [Dawson-Rose, Carol] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [McKirnan, David] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Eroglu, Dogan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Metsch, LR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM Lmetsch@med.miami.edu RI Cardenas, Gabriel/A-7847-2011 FU PHS HHS [R18/CCR420971-04] NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.006 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 290WG UT WOS:000255152900005 PM 18243580 ER PT J AU Parry, C Petersen, P Dewing, S Carney, T Needle, R Kroeger, K Treger, L AF Parry, Charles Petersen, Petal Dewing, Sarah Carney, Tara Needle, Richard Kroeger, Karen Treger, Latasha TI Rapid assessment of drug-related HIV risk among men who have sex with men in three South African cities SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; men who have sex with men; injecting drug users; risk behavior; South Africa; rapid assessment ID SUBSTANCE USE; BEHAVIORS; PREVENTION; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; VIOLENCE; WORKERS; ABUSE; GAY AB The current assessment was undertaken to examine the link between drug use and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) in locations known to have high prevalence rates of drug use and sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria, South Africa. Street intercepts and purposive snowball sampling were used to recruit drug-using MSM. A rapid assessment was undertaken which included observation, mapping, key informant interviews and focus group interviews with MSM. Drug using key informants were tested for HIV. The use of drugs like crack cocaine, cannabis and methamphetamine to specifically facilitate sexual encounters was evident. Drugs led to inconsistent condom use and other high-risk sexual activities despite HIV risk knowledge being high. Many injecting drug-using MSM shared needles and reused equipment. Among MSM who agreed to HIV testing, one-third tested positive. Views about drug and HIV treatment and preventive services and their efficacy were mixed. Various barriers to accessing services were highlighted including homosexual stigmatization and availability of drugs in treatment facilities. Recommendations include addressing the gap between HIV-risk knowledge and practice, extending VCT services for MSM, increasing the visibility of drug abuse services within communities, addressing concerns about drug availability in treatment centers as well as reintegration issues and the need for after-care services, reducing stigmatization in drug and HIV services for MSM and finally, strengthening the link between drug treatment services and HIV prevention by integrating HIV/drug-related risks into HIV prevention efforts and HIV risks into drug use prevention efforts. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parry, Charles; Petersen, Petal; Dewing, Sarah; Carney, Tara] MRC, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Res Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Parry, Charles] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Psychiat, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Needle, Richard; Kroeger, Karen] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Treger, Latasha] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Parry, C (reprint author), MRC, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Res Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM cparry@mrc.ac.za RI Parry, Charles/A-2906-2009 OI Parry, Charles/0000-0001-9787-2785 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.005 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 290WG UT WOS:000255152900006 PM 18242881 ER PT J AU Shin, SS Yagui, M Ascencios, L Yale, G Suarez, C Quispe, N Bonilla, C Blaya, JQ Taylor, A Contreras, C Cegielski, P AF Shin, Sonya S. Yagui, Martin Ascencios, Luis Yale, Gloria Suarez, Carmen Quispe, Neyda Bonilla, Cesar Blaya, Joaquin Taylor, Allison Contreras, Carmen Cegielski, Peter TI Scale-up of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis laboratory services, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; PROGRESS; HEALTH; ASSAY; LIMA; TB AB Over the past 10 years, the Peruvian National Tuberculosis (TB) Program, the National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Socios en Salud, and US partners have worked to, strengthen the national TB laboratory network to support treatment of multidrug-resistant TB. We review key lessons of this experience. The preparation phase involved establishing criteria for drug susceptibility testing (DST), selecting appropriate DST methods, projecting the quantity of DST and culture to ensure adequate supplies, creating biosafe laboratory facilities for DST, training laboratory personnel on methods, and validating DST methods at the NRL. Implementation involved training providers on DST indications, validating conventional and rapid first-line DST methods at district laboratories, and eliminating additional delays in, specimen transport and result reporting. Monitoring included ongoing quality control and quality assurance procedures.' Hurdles included logistics, coordinating with policy, competing interests, changing personnel, communications, and evaluation. Operational research guided laboratory scale-up and identified barriers to effective capacity building. C1 [Shin, Sonya S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequal, Boston, MA 02120 USA. [Yagui, Martin; Ascencios, Luis; Quispe, Neyda] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Yale, Gloria; Suarez, Carmen; Bonilla, Cesar] Program Control TB, Lima, Peru. [Blaya, Joaquin] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Taylor, Allison; Cegielski, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Contreras, Carmen] Socios & Salud, Lima, Peru. RP Shin, SS (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequal, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM sshin@partners.org NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 701 EP 708 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300001 PM 18439349 ER PT J AU Rivas, M Sosa-Estani, S Rangel, J Caletti, MG Valles, P Roldan, CD Balbi, L de Mollar, MCM Amoedo, D Miliwebsky, E Chinen, I Hoekstra, RM Mead, P Griffin, PM AF Rivas, Marta Sosa-Estani, Sergio Rangel, Josefa Caletti, Maria G. Valles, Patricia Roldan, Carlos D. Balbi, Laura de Mollar, Maria C. Marsano Amoedo, Diego Miliwebsky, Elizabeth Chinen, Isabel Hoekstra, Robert M. Mead, Paul Griffin, Patricia M. TI Risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in children, Argentina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin) Producing Escherichia Coli Infections CY JUN 08-11, 2003 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; O157-H7 INFECTION; BLOODY DIARRHEA; FOODNET SITES; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE; BEEF AB We evaluated risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection among children in Argentina. We conducted a prospective case-control study in 2 sites and enrolled 150 case-patients and 299 controls. The median age of case-patients was 1.8 years; 58% were girls. Serotype O157:H7 was the most commonly isolated STEC. Exposures associated with infection included eating undercooked beef, living in or visiting a place with farm animals, and contact with a child <5 years of age with diarrhea. Protective factors included the respondent reporting that he or she always washed hands after handling raw beef and the child eating more than the median number of fruits and vegetables. Many STEC infections in children could be prevented by avoiding consumption of undercooked beef, limiting exposure to farm animals and their environment, not being exposed to children with diarrhea, and washing hands after handling raw beef. C1 [Sosa-Estani, Sergio] Ctr Nacl Endemoepidemias, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rangel, Josefa; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Mead, Paul; Griffin, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Caletti, Maria G.; Roldan, Carlos D.; Amoedo, Diego] Hosp Nacl Pediatria, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Valles, Patricia; Balbi, Laura] Hosp Pediat, Mendoza, Argentina. [de Mollar, Maria C. Marsano] Minist Desarrollo Social & Salud, Mendoza, Argentina. [Rivas, Marta; Miliwebsky, Elizabeth; Chinen, Isabel] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Griffin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgriffin@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 763 EP 771 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300010 PM 18439359 ER PT J AU Rainbow, J Jewell, B Danila, RN Boxrud, D Beall, B Beneden, C Lynfield, R AF Rainbow, Jean Jewell, Brenda Danila, Richard N. Boxrud, David Beall, Bernard Van Beneden, Chris Lynfield, Ruth TI Invasive group A streptococcal disease in nursing homes, Minnesota, 1995-2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Nursing home residents are at high risk for invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease, and clusters of cases in nursing homes are common. To characterize the epidemiologic features of invasive GAS disease in nursing homes, we conducted active, statewide, population- and laboratory-based surveillance in Minnesota from April 1995 through 2006. Of 1,858 invasive GAS disease. cases, 134 (7%) occurred in nursing home residents; 34 of these cases were identified as part of 13 clusters. Recognizing cases of GAS disease in nursing homes posed challenges. Measures to ensure identification of case-patients as residents of specific nursing homes need to be included in standard guidelines for the prevention and control of invasive GAS disease in this setting. C1 [Rainbow, Jean; Jewell, Brenda; Danila, Richard N.; Boxrud, David; Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Beall, Bernard; Van Beneden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rainbow, J (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, POB 64975, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM jean.rainbow@health.state.mn.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190-09] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 772 EP 777 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300011 PM 18439360 ER PT J AU Blendon, RJ Koonin, LM Benson, JM Cetron, MS Pollard, WE Mitchell, EW Weldon, KJ Herrmann, MJ AF Blendon, Robert J. Koonin, Lisa M. Benson, John M. Cetron, Martin S. Pollard, William E. Mitchell, Elizabeth W. Weldon, Kathleen J. Herrmann, Melissa J. TI Public response to community mitigation measures for pandemic influenza SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID TELEPHONE SURVEY; US CITIES; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; NONRESPONSE AB We report the results of a national survey conducted to help public health officials understand the public's response to community mitigation interventions for a severe outbreak of pandemic influenza. Survey results suggest that if community mitigation measures are instituted, most respondents would comply with recommendations but would be challenged to do so if their income or job were severely compromised. The results also indicate that community mitigation measures could cause problems for persons with lower incomes and for racial and ethnic minorities. Twenty-four percent of respondents said that they would not have anyone available to take care of them if they became sick with pandemic influenza. Given these results, planning and public engagement will be needed to encourage the public to be prepared.. C1 [Blendon, Robert J.; Benson, John M.; Weldon, Kathleen J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Koonin, Lisa M.; Cetron, Martin S.; Pollard, William E.; Mitchell, Elizabeth W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Herrmann, Melissa J.] Inst Commun Res, Media, PA USA. RP Blendon, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rblendon@hsph.harvard.edu OI Weldon, Kathleen/0000-0001-5884-6947 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 778 EP 786 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300012 PM 18439361 ER PT J AU Weinberger, M Keysary, A Sandbank, J Zaidenstein, R Itzhaki, A Strenger, C Leitner, M Paddock, CD Eremeeva, ME AF Weinberger, Miriam Keysary, Avi Sandbank, Judith Zaidenstein, Ronit Itzhaki, Avi Strenger, Carmela Leitner, Moshe Paddock, Christopher D. Eremeeva, Marina E. TI Fatal Rickettsia conorii subsp israelensis infection, Israel SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED-FEVER; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB Underdiagnosis of fatal spotted fever may be attributed to nonspecific clinical features and insensitive acute-phase serologic studies. We describe the importance of molecular and immunohistochemical methods in establishing the postmortem diagnosis of locally acquired Israeli spotted fever due to Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis in a traveler returning to Israel from India. C1 [Weinberger, Miriam; Sandbank, Judith; Zaidenstein, Ronit; Itzhaki, Avi] Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. [Keysary, Avi; Strenger, Carmela; Leitner, Moshe] Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. [Paddock, Christopher D.; Eremeeva, Marina E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinberger, M (reprint author), Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. EM miriw@netvision.net.il NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300023 PM 18439372 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Barrett, D Lindo, JF Eldemire-Shearer, D Cama, V Xiao, LH AF Gatei, Wangeci Barrett, Donnett Lindo, John F. Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Cama, Vitalliano Xiao, Lihua TI Unique Cryptospoddium population in HIV-infected persons, Jamaica SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-HOMINIS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBTYPES; PORTUGAL; PARVUM; HUMANS; HAITI AB A cryptosporidiosis survey showed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, C. canis, and C. felis in 25, 7, 1, and 1 HIV-positive persons from Jamaica, respectively; 1 person had both C. hominis and C. felis. Multilocus sequence typing indicated the presence of a homogeneous but geographically distinct C. hominis population in Jamaica. C1 [Gatei, Wangeci; Cama, Vitalliano; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gatei, Wangeci; Cama, Vitalliano] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Barrett, Donnett; Lindo, John F.; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise] Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 841 EP 843 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300029 PM 18439378 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, Martin I. TI The mystery of increased hospitalizations of elderly patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmeltzer@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 847 EP 848 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300031 PM 18439380 ER PT J AU Patel, MM de Olivelra, LH Bispo, AM Gentsch, J Parashar, UD AF Patel, Manish M. de Olivelra, Lucia Helena Bispo, Ana Maria Gentsch, Jon Parashar, Umesh D. TI Rotavirus P[4]G2 in a vaccinated population, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Patel, Manish M.; Gentsch, Jon; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [de Olivelra, Lucia Helena; Bispo, Ana Maria] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aul3@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 863 EP 863 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300041 PM 18439390 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "His Lyre Is Now Attuned Only To Woe" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 869 EP 870 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300045 ER PT J AU Fox, DA Kala, SV Hamilton, WR Johnson, JE O'Callaghan, JA AF Fox, Donald A. Kala, Subbarao V. Hamilton, W. Ryan Johnson, Jerry E. O'Callaghan, James A. TI Low-level human equivalent gestational lead exposure produces supernormal scotopic electroretinograms, increased retinal neurogenesis, and decreased retinal dopamine utilization in rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bipolar cells; development; dopamine; electroretinograms; gestation; lead; neurogenesis; rod photoreceptors; scotopic; zinc ID B-WAVE AMPLITUDES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; MAMMALIAN RETINA; MERCURY LEVELS; BLOOD LEAD; A-WAVE; ROD; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB BACKGROUND: Postnatal lead exposure in children and animals produces alterations in the visual system primarily characterized by decreases in the rod-mediated (scotopic) electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude (subnormality). In contrast, low-level gestational Pb exposure (GLE) increases the amplitude of scotopic ERGs in children (supernormality). OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to establish a rat model of human equivalent GLE and to determine dose-response effects on scotopic ERGs and on retinal morphology, biochemistry, and dopamine metabolism in adult offspring. METHODS: We exposed female Long-Evans hooded rats to water containing 0, 27 (low), 55 (moderate), or 109 (high) ppm of Pb beginning 2 weeks before mating, throughout gestation, and until postnatal day (PND) 10. We measured maternal and litter indices, blood Pb concentrations (BPb), retinal Ph concentrations, zinc concentrations, and body weights. On PND90, we performed the retinal experiments. RESULTS: Peak BPb concentrations were < 1, 12, 24, and 46 mu g/dL in control, low-, moderate- and high-level GLE groups, respectively, at PNDs 0-10. ERG supernormality and an increase to photoreceptor and rod bipolar cell neurogenesis occurred with low- and moderate-level GLE. In contrast, high-level GLE produced ERG subnormality, rod cell loss, and decreased retinal Zn levels. GLE produced dose-dependent decreases in dopamine and its utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Low- and moderate-level GLE produced persistent scotopic ERG supernormality due to an increased neurogenesis of cells in the rod signaling pathway and/or decreased dopamine utilization, whereas high-level GLE produced rod-selective toxicity characterized by ERG subnormality. The ERG is a differential and noninvasive biomarker of GLE. The inverted U-shaped dose-response curves reveal the sensitivity and vulnerability of the developing retina to GLE. C1 [Fox, Donald A.] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Fox, Donald A.; Hamilton, W. Ryan] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Fox, Donald A.] Univ Houston, Dept Pharmacol & Pharmaceut Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kala, Subbarao V.] One Toxicol Lab Inc, Pasadena, TX USA. [Johnson, Jerry E.] Univ Houston, Dept Nat Sci, Houston, TX USA. [O'Callaghan, James A.] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Fox, DA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM dafox@uh.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY07751, T32 EY007024, T32 EY07024]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012482] NR 58 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 618 EP 625 DI 10.1289/ehp.11268 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600027 PM 18470321 ER PT J AU Stapleton, HM Sjodin, A Jones, RS Niehoser, S Zhang, Y Patterson, DG AF Stapleton, Heather M. Sjodin, Andreas Jones, Richard S. Niehoser, Sara Zhang, Yalin Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Serum levels of polyhrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foam recyclers and carpet installers working in the united states SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; HOUSE-DUST; BODY BURDENS; INDOOR AIR; TRENDS; BLOOD; FOOD; WORKERS AB Increased exposure to the flame retardants known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may be expected to occur during the recycling of polyurethane foam containing these chemicals. To date, no studies in the United States have investigated occupational exposure to these flame retardants during recycling processes. The objective of the present study was to determine if individuals working in foam recycling facilities, and/or carpet installers who may install carpet padding manufactured from recycled foam, possess significantly higher PBDE serum levels relative to that of the general U.S. population. As a control group, serum was collected from four spouses and one clerical worker. In addition, levels in workers were also compared to the recently published national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) data set on PBDEs in the general U.S. population. Serum samples were collected in duplicate and analyzed by two different laboratories as quality control. Total PBDE levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the individuals recycling foam and installing carpet (n = 15) relative to the control group (n = 5). Median Sigma PBDE levels in the foam recyclers,carpet layers, and control group were 160,178, and 19 ng/g lipid, respectively. In contrast, concentrations of a polybrominated biphenyl (BB-153) and a polychlorinated biphenyl (CB-153) were equivalent among all groups tested. The PBDE congeners BDE-47, 99, 100, and 153 contributed 90% of the Sigma PBDE concentration in serum and no differences in congener patterns were apparent among the different groups. Relative to concentrations measured in the NHANES, foam recyclers and carpet layers have body burdens that are an order of magnitude higher. These data suggest individuals recycling foam-containing products, and/ or using products manufactured from recycled foam (i.e., carpet padding), have higher body burdens of PBDEs, and thus may be at higher risk from adverse health effects associated with brominated flame retardant exposure. C1 [Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sjodin, Andreas; Jones, Richard S.; Niehoser, Sara; Zhang, Yalin; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stapleton, HM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, LSRC Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM heather.stapleton@duke.edu RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3453 EP 3458 DI 10.1021/es7028813 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100058 PM 18522133 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Brenner, KP Sams, E Beach, M Haugland, R Wymer, L Dufour, AP AF Wade, Timothy J. Calderon, Rebecca L. Brenner, Kristen P. Sams, Elizabeth Beach, Michael Haugland, Richard Wymer, Larry Dufour, Alfred P. TI High sensitivity of children to swim ming-associated gastrointestinal illness - Results using a rapid assay of recreational water quality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; HEALTH-RISKS; SEA-WATER; BEACHES; INDICATORS; PROTECTION; MORBIDITY; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE AB Background: Culture-based methods of monitoring fecal pollution in recreational waters require 24 to 48 hours to obtain results. This delay leads to potentially inaccurate management decisions regarding beach safety. We evaluated the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) as a faster method to assess recreational water quality and predict swimming-associated illnesses. Methods: We enrolled visitors at 4 freshwater Great Lakes beaches, and contacted them 10 to 12 days later to ask about health symptoms experienced since the visit. Water at the beaches was polluted by point sources that carried treated sewage. We tested water samples daily for Enterococcus using QPCR and membrane filtration (EPA Method 1600). Results: We completed 21,015 interviews and tested 1359 water samples. Enterococcus QPCR cell equivalents (CEs) were positively associated with swimming-associated gastrointestinal (GI) illness (adjusted odds ratio per I log,, QPCR CE = 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.51). The association between GI illness and QPCR CE was stronger among children aged 10 years and below (1.69; 1.24-2.30). Nonenteric illnesses were not consistently associated with Enterococcus QPCR CE exposure, although rash and earache occurred more frequently among swimmers. Enterococcus QPCR CE exposure was more strongly associated with GI illness than Enterococcus measured by membrane filtration. Conclusions: Measurement of the indicator bacteria Enterococci in recreational water using a rapid QPCR method predicted swimming-associated GI illness at freshwater beaches polluted by sewage discharge. Children at 10 years or younger were at greater risk for GI illness following exposure. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Calderon, Rebecca L.; Sams, Elizabeth] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Richard; Wymer, Larry; Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Beach, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, MD 58 C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.tim@epa.gov NR 38 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318169cc87 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 293DF UT WOS:000255314400007 PM 18379427 ER PT J AU Ram, PK Crump, JA Gupta, SK Miller, MA Mintz, ED AF Ram, P. K. Crump, J. A. Gupta, S. K. Miller, M. A. Mintz, E. D. TI Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review ID TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HOUSEFLIES MUSCA-DOMESTICA; SHIGA-BACILLUS DYSENTERY; ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA AB The global incidence of Shigella infection has been estimated at 80-165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes Occurring in the developing world. To identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the English-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. Out-review yielded I I population-based Studies of Shigella burden from seven countries. No population-based studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa or in low human development Countries. In studies done in all age groups, Shigella incidence varied from 0 center dot 6 to 107 episodes/1000 person-years. S.flexneri was the most commonly detected subgroup in the majority of studies. Case-fatality rates ranged from 0% to 2 center dot 6% in population-based studies and from 0% to 21% in facility-based Studies. This review highlights the large gaps in data on the burden of Shigella infections for low human development index countries and, more specifically, for sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Ram, P. K.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Ram, P. K.; Crump, J. A.; Gupta, S. K.; Mintz, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miller, M. A.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ram, PK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Rm 273 Faber Hall,3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM pkram@buffalo.edu FU U.S. National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [32143] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center and by grant number 32143 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 'Assessment of diarrhea disease burden and public health programs to control diarrhea in Asian subcontinent and Africa'. NR 180 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 577 EP 603 DI 10.1017/S0950268807009351 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GG UT WOS:000259198400001 PM 17686195 ER PT J AU Weyer, J Kuzmin, IV Rupprecht, CE Nel, LH AF Weyer, J. Kuzmin, I. V. Rupprecht, C. E. Nel, L. H. TI Cross-protective and cross-reactive immune responses to recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing full-length lyssavirus glycoprotein genes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID LAGOS BAT VIRUS; FATAL HUMAN INFECTION; STREET RABIES VIRUS; MOKOLA VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION AB Lyssaviruses Cause acute, progressive encephalitis in mammals. Current rabies vaccines offer protection against the lyssaviruses, with the notable exceptions of Mokola virus (MOKV). Lagos bat virus (LBV) and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV). Here we describe the cross-protective and cross-reactive immune responses induced by experimental recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the glycoprotein genes of rabies virus (RABV), MOKV and WCBV, either singly or in dual combinations. Constructs expressing a single glycoprotein gene protected mice against lethal intracranial challenge with homologous virus. Similarly, recombinants expressing glycoprotein genes from two different lyssaviruses offered mice protection against both homologous viruses. VNAb induced by vaccines that included a MOKV glycoprotein gene cross-neutralized LBV, but not WCBV. We concluded that a single recombinant poxviruses-vectored vaccine including MOKV and RABV glycoprotein genes, Should be a major addition to available rabies biologics and should offer broad protection against all of the lyssaviruses, except WCBV. C1 [Weyer, J.; Nel, L. H.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Kuzmin, I. V.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weyer, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Special Pathogens Unit, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM jacquelinew@nicd.ac.za RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012 FU CDC; US National Vaccine Program Office FX The authors thank the following people for contributions to the Study: Dr A. I. Wandeler (Centre of Expertise for Rabies, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canada) for providing anti-rabies virus monoclonals for expression studies and Dr C. T, Sabeta (Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) for providing rabies virus isolate used in the study. The authors sincerely thank members of the Rabies Unit, CDC, in particular Mr J. S. Self and Mr M. Niezgoda. J. W. was supported by a Regular Fellowship (Level 42) at the CDC. This work was supported in part by a grant from the US National Vaccine Program Office. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008965 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GG UT WOS:000259198400010 PM 17588277 ER PT J AU Subramanian, S Ekwueme, DU Gardner, JG Bapat, B Kramer, C AF Subramanian, Sujha Ekwueme, Donatus U. Gardner, James G. Bapat, Bela Kramer, Caren TI Identifying and controlling for program-level differences in comparative cost analysis: Lessons from the economic evaluation of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE economic evaluation; cancer screening; breast cancer; cervical cancer; cost of cancer screening ID DRUG-ABUSE TREATMENT; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; DATCAP AB Performing economic evaluations of established health care programs is essential to identify and control for underlying program-level variations and to make valid comparisons. At a time when the need for such evaluations is growing, health care professionals have limited information on the methodological challenges of performing these evaluations. In this study, we used the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program to illustrate these potential underlying variations. We performed site visits to four grantees and collected activity-based cost data from nine additional representative programs. We identified five specific types of cost factors that should be considered when evaluating and comparing health care programs: clinical services, service mix, in-kind contributions, indirect costs, and year-to-year expenditures of specific activities. A key lesson is that case studies and pilot testing should be performed before initiating cost analysis to identify underlying variation and to test appropriate methods to adequately control for these differences. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Subramanian, Sujha; Bapat, Bela; Kramer, Caren] RTI Int, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Gardner, James G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Subramanian, S (reprint author), RTI Int, 1440 Main St,Suite 310, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. EM ssubramanian@rti.org NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.02.002 PG 9 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 303CB UT WOS:000256016000002 PM 18359084 ER PT J AU Durvasula, RV Sundaram, RK Kirsch, P Hurwitz, I Crawford, CV Dotson, E Beard, CB AF Durvasula, Ravi V. Sundaram, Ranjini K. Kirsch, Philipp Hurwitz, Ivy Crawford, Carl V. Dotson, Ellen Beard, Charles B. TI Genetic transformation of a Corynebacterial symbiont from the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paratransgenesis; chagas disease; Triatoma infestans; corynebacteria ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; ANTIBODY FRAGMENT; AEDES-AEGYPTI; ARGENTINA; TRANSMISSION; COMPETENCE; RESISTANCE AB Insect-borne diseases have experienced a troubling resurgence in recent years. Emergence of resistance to pesticides greatly hampers control efforts. Paratransgenesis, or the genetic transformation of bacterial symbionts of disease vectors, is an alternative to traditional approaches. Previously, we developed paratransgenic lines of Rhodniusprolixus, a vector of Chagas disease in Central America. Here, we report identification of a Corynebacterial species as a symbiont of Triatoma infestans, a leading vector of Chagas disease in South America. We have modified this bacterium to produce an immunologically active single chain antibody fragment, termed rDB3. This study establishes the basis for generating paratransgenic T infestans as a strategy for control of Chagas disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Durvasula, Ravi V.; Sundaram, Ranjini K.; Hurwitz, Ivy; Crawford, Carl V.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dotson, Ellen] CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. [Kirsch, Philipp] APTIV Inc, Portland, OR USA. [Beard, Charles B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Durvasula, RV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, 915 Camino Del Salud NE,CRF 305, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ravi.durvasula@va.gov RI Kirsch, Philipp/F-5740-2011 OI Kirsch, Philipp/0000-0002-9188-5697 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI066045-02, R01 AI066045] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 119 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.12.020 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 299AS UT WOS:000255728800014 PM 18331732 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Bell, BP AF Schuchat, Anne Bell, Beth P. TI Monitoring the impact of vaccines postlicensure: new challenges, new opportunities SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE immunization; immunization policy; program monitoring; surveillance; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine-preventable disease; waning immunity ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES CHILDREN; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; HEPATITIS-A; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS AB Although vaccines are studied intensively before licensure, insight into important aspects of vaccine performance and the effectiveness of immunization programs and policies can only be detected after vaccines enter widespread use. Now that 17 diseases are targeted for prevention through routine immunizations in the USA, reassessment of the nation's vaccine-preventable disease-monitoring efforts is appropriate. Postlicensure disease monitoring has permitted recognition of indirect protection, vaccine effectiveness of various schedules, duration of protection, health disparities, importation patterns and microbial adaptation. The investments in vaccine research, development and regulatory procedures prelicensure, as well as resources devoted to purchase, distribution and delivery of vaccines after introduction, necessitate strategic efforts to monitor the impact of large-scale use of vaccines on disease over time. C1 [Schuchat, Anne; Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aschuchat@cdc.gov; bbell@cdc.gov NR 109 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 437 EP 456 DI 10.1586/14760584.7.4.437 PG 20 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 343EU UT WOS:000258836500013 PM 18444891 ER PT J AU Ashrani, AA Key, NS Soucie, JM Duffy, N Forsyth, A Geraghty, S AF Ashrani, A. A. Key, N. S. Soucie, J. Michael Duffy, N. Forsyth, A. Geraghty, S. CA Universal Data Collection Project TI Septic arthritis in males with haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE arthropathy; epidemiology; haemophilia; infectious arthritis; joint disease ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED HEMOPHILIACS; BACTERIAL ARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; ARTHROPLASTY; CHILDREN; ACCESS AB We used data collected as part of the Universal Data Collection (UDC) surveillance project in haemophilia treatment centers (HTC) to study the incidence, risk factors and impact of septic arthritis among males with haemophilia. Patients participating in UDC on two or more occasions were included. Cases were defined as patients with documented joint infection. Characteristics of the cases were compared with those of haemophilia patients without infection. Among the 8026 eligible patients with 36 015 person-years of follow-up, 30 (0.37%) had a documented joint infection (incidence rate 83 per 100 000 person-years). In a logistic regression model, only increasing age (OR = 6.1 for age >= 30), race/ethnicity other than white (OR = 3.9), presence of inhibitor (OR = 3.9), invasive procedure in the past year (OR = 2.7) and presence of one or more target joints (OR = 3.2) remained statistically significant. Central venous access devices use and hepatitis C virus and HIV infection were not associated with septic arthritis risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Study limitations include possible underestimation of septic arthritis rate in this population and its retrospective design. We conclude that septic arthritis is an uncommon complication of haemophilia occurring primarily in joints most affected by bleeding and reparative surgical interventions. C1 [Ashrani, A. A.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Key, N. S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Soucie, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Diabil, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. [Duffy, N.] Dayton Childrens Med Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. [Forsyth, A.] Univ Penn, Hemophilia & Thrombosis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Geraghty, S.] Univ Colorado Denver, Mt States Reg Hemophilia Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Geraghty, S.] Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. RP Ashrani, AA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM ashrani.aneel@mayo.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K-23 HL069203, K23 HL069203] NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 494 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01662.x PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 295GT UT WOS:000255463700011 PM 18298584 ER PT J AU Rose, SS Faiz, A Miller, CH Saidi, P Philipp, CS AF Rose, S. S. Faiz, A. Miller, C. H. Saidi, P. Philipp, C. S. TI Laboratory response to intranasal desmopressin in women with menorrhagia and platelet dysfunction SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE intranasal desmopressin; menorrhagia; platelet dysfunction ID INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; MODERATE HEMOPHILIA-A; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; NASAL SPRAY; VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE; FUNCTION ANALYZER; FUNCTION DEFECTS; IN-VITRO; DDAVP AB Intranasal desmopressin (IN-DDAVP) is used for home treatment of menorrhagia in women with inherited bleeding disorders. The effect of IN-DDAVP on laboratory haemostatic parameters in women with menorrhagia related to platelet dysfunction is unknown. We evaluated the effects of IN-DDAVP on haemostatic parameters in women with menorrhagia and platelet dysfunction and correlated them with menstrual flow. Eleven women (aged 18-45) with menorrhagia and haemostatic abnormalities had determination of von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) activity, factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), platelet aggregation and platelet adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) release pre-IN-DDAVP and 60-min post-IN-DDAVP. Eight of eleven women underwent platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) closure time determination with collagen/adrenaline and collagen/adenosine diphosphate cartridges pretreatment and post-treatment. IN-DDAVP was administered during two consecutive menstrual cycles. Menstrual flow was assessed during each cycle using a pictorial blood assessment chart. Treatment with IN-DDAVP resulted in elevated VWF levels and shortened PFA-100 closure time with significant inverse correlation between shortening of PFA-100 closure times and increases in VWF levels. There were also significant inverse correlations between changes in menstrual flow and changes in VWF:Ag (P = 0.02), VWF:RCo (P = 0.04) and FVIII:C (P = 0.006), following treatment. In vitro platelet aggregation and platelet ATP release response did not correct and did not correlate with changes in menstrual flow. Our results demonstrate a correlation between haemostatic parameters and menstrual flow following IN-DDAVP in women with menorrhagia and platelet dysfunction. C1 [Rose, S. S.; Faiz, A.; Saidi, P.; Philipp, C. S.] UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Hematol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Miller, C. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rose, SS (reprint author), UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Hematol, 1-RWJ Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM rosesh@umdnj.edu OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01655.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 295GT UT WOS:000255463700021 PM 18312366 ER PT J AU Soumerai, SB Zhang, F Ross-Degnan, D Ball, DE LeCates, RF Law, MR Hughes, TE Chapman, D Adams, AS AF Soumerai, Stephen B. Zhang, Fang Ross-Degnan, Dennis Ball, Daniel E. LeCates, Robert F. Law, Michael R. Hughes, Tom E. Chapman, Daniel Adams, Alyce S. TI Use of atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia in Maine Medicaid following a policy change SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting CY JUN 03-05, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP AcademyHealth ID BENEFITS; ACCESS; HEALTH; COSTS AB More than one-third of Medicaid programs and Medicare Part D plans use prior authorization (PA) policies to control the use of atypical antipsychotics (AAs). We used Medicaid and Medicare claims data to investigate how Maine's PA policy affected AA use, treatment discontinuities, and spending among schizophrenia patients initiating AA therapy. Patients initiating AAs during Maine's policy experienced a 29 percent greater risk of treatment discontinuity than patients initiating AAs before the policy took effect; no change occurred in a comparison state. AA spending was slightly lower in both states. Observed increases in treatment discontinuities without cost savings suggest that AAs should be exempt from PA for patients with severe mental illnesses. C1 [Soumerai, Stephen B.; Zhang, Fang] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Soumerai, Stephen B.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Ball, Daniel E.; Hughes, Tom E.] Eli Lilly & Co, US Outcomes Res, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Chapman, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soumerai, SB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM stephen_soumerai@hms.harvard.edu OI Ball, Daniel/0000-0003-4930-4040 FU AHRQ HHS [U18HS1039-01]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH069776] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP W185 EP W195 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.w185 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 296XT UT WOS:000255579900062 PM 18381404 ER PT J AU Wood, CM DePaolo, F Whitaker, D AF Wood, Charles M. DePaolo, Frank Whitaker, Doggett TI Guidelines for handling radioactively contaminated decedents SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; contamination; nuclear weapons; safety standards AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently issued guidelines for medical examiners, coroners, and morticians in dealing with decedents after detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) or radiological dispersal device (RDD) (DePaolo et al. 2007). Partners in this effort included the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner and the National Funeral Directors' Association. This paper describes the handling techniques required for loose surface contamination, radioactive shrapnel, and internal contamination caused by inhaling or ingesting radioactive materials from an IND or RDD, and provides suggested guidelines for medical examiners, coroners, and morticians to deal with these situations. C1 [Wood, Charles M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Whitaker, Doggett] Whitaker Funeral Home Inc, Newberry, SC 29108 USA. [DePaolo, Frank] City New York Off, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Wood, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-39,Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 6, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM cmwoodiii@yahoo.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 SU S BP S51 EP S55 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000300106.42165.ce PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 290RJ UT WOS:000255139600003 PM 18403956 ER PT J AU Salem, S Genaidy, A Albers, J Shell, R Sobeih, T Rinder, MM AF Salem, Sam Genaidy, Ash Albers, James Shell, Richard Sobeih, Tarek Rinder, Maria M. TI Use and acceptability of reduced-weight Portland cement bags in masonry construction: An observational pilot study SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID ERGONOMICS; DISORDERS AB Background Mason tenders are involved in semi-and unskilled work in support of bricklayers and block layers. Their work consists of manually transporting building materials and equipment, supplying individual brick/block layers with materials, and mixing and stocking mortar. Objective The purpose of this pilot study is to determine the current availability and acceptability of reduced-weight Portland cement bags among mason contractors, cement suppliers, and manufacturers as a vehicle to decrease the exposure of mason tenders to physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Methods Forty-six producers, suppliers, and contractors that use Portland cement bags were used in this observational exploratory study. A questionnaire was administrated over the phone and data were collected regarding availability, practice of use, and preferences between full-and reduced-weight Portland cement bags. Results Only 17% of the companies produce/supply/use the reduced-weight cement bags. The main factors mentioned by the companies that influence the nonuse of small bags are reduced demand; increased cost; storage, shipping, and handling difficulty; special equipment requirements; and special packaging. Only 11% of companies interviewed are aware of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting recommendations that the maximum lifted weight should be 51 lb. Conclusions This exploratory study suggests that reduced cement bags may not be in wide use by producers/suppliers/users of Portland cement. A full-scale study is recommended to confirm these practices and find ways to significantly reduce the risk to which masonry workers are exposed. Application The potential application of this study can be the development of new guidelines regarding the production/supplying/usage of 47 lb cement bags. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Salem, Sam] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Genaidy, Ash; Shell, Richard; Sobeih, Tarek; Rinder, Maria M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Albers, James] NIOSH, NIOSH Construct Program, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Salem, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Sobeih, Tarek/0000-0002-9694-2646 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1090-8471 J9 HUM FACTOR ERGON MAN JI Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1002/hfm.20111 PG 17 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 288FV UT WOS:000254972500001 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Wortley, PM Ndiaye, SM Cowan, AE Osta, AD Clark, SJ AF Davis, Matthew M. Wortley, Pascale M. Ndiaye, Serigne M. Cowan, Anne E. Osta, Amanda D. Clark, Sarah J. TI Influenza vaccine for high-risk non-elderly adults - A national survey of subspecialists SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; subspecialists; physician attitudes; adult vaccines; mail survey ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RESPONSE RATES; PEOPLE; PEDIATRICIANS; PREVENTION; PHYSICIANS AB Despite long-standing recommendations for non-elderly adults with certain chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions to receive influenza vaccine, vaccination rates remain low. Visits to subspecialists represent an important vaccination opportunity, but little is known regarding subspecialists' perceptions related to influenza vaccination. In February 2003, we conducted a cross-sectional mail survey of a random sample (N = 2,007) of board-certified cardiologists, endocrinologists and pulmonologists from the entire United States who provided outpatient care to adults aged 18-64 years, to assess their patterns of and attitudes toward administering influenza vaccine to high-risk, non-elderly patients. The overall response rate was 33%. Among 621 eligible respondents, 483 stocked influenza vaccine in their practice (Stockers) and 138 did not stock the vaccine (Non-Stockers). Pulmonologists were most likely to stock vaccine and strongly recommend vaccination; cardiologists were least likely. Among Stockers, barriers to vaccination varied by subspecialty. Among Non-Stockers, the most common factor in the decision to not stock vaccine was the perception that patients will receive the vaccine elsewhere. Most subspecialists who provide care to a large proportion of high-risk, non-elderly persons recommend influenza vaccination to some degree, particularly pulmonologists. To reduce missed opportunities overall, subspecialists should be encouraged to vaccinate patients who say that they plan to get the vaccine elsewhere. For cardiologists in particular, barriers to stocking influenza vaccine and recommending vaccination more strongly must be addressed. C1 [Davis, Matthew M.; Cowan, Anne E.; Osta, Amanda D.; Clark, Sarah J.] Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Osta, Amanda D.] Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Davis, Matthew M.] Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wortley, Pascale M.; Ndiaye, Serigne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls Rm6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mattdav@med.umich.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DZ UT WOS:000257001200009 PM 18414061 ER PT J AU Simmerman, JM Uyeki, TM AF Simmerman, James M. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI The burden of influenza in East and South-East Asia: a review of the English language literature SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Review DE Disease burden; East Asia; influenza; South-East Asia ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; A VIRUS-INFECTION; HONG-KONG; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; KOREAN CHILDREN; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE AB While human infections with avian influenza A (H5NI) viruses in Asia have prompted concerns about an influenza pandemic, the burden of human influenza in East and Southeast Asia has received far less attention. We conducted a review of English language articles on influenza in 18 countries in East and Southeast Asia published from 1980 to 2006 that were indexed on PubMed. Articles that described human influenza-associated illnesses among outpatients or hospitalized patients, influenza-associated deaths, or influenza-associated socioeconomic costs were reviewed. We found 35 articles from 9 countries that met criteria for inclusion in the review. The quality of articles varied substantially. Significant heterogeneity was noted in case definitions, sampling schemes and laboratory methods. Early studies relied on cell culture, had difficulties with specimen collection and handling, and reported a low burden of disease. The recent addition of PCR testing has greatly improved the proportion of respiratory illnesses diagnosed with influenza. These more recent studies reported that 11-26% of outpatient febrile illness and 6-14% of hospitalized pneumonia cases had laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. The influenza disease burden literature from East and Southeast Asia is limited but expanding. Recent studies using improved laboratory testing methods and indirect statistical approaches report a substantial burden of disease, similar to that of Europe and North America. Current increased international focus on influenza, coupled with unprecedented funding for surveillance and research, provide a unique opportunity to more comprehensively describe the burden of human influenza in the region. C1 [Simmerman, James M.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Global Dis Detect Int Emerging Infect Program, Influenza Sect, Dept Dis Control,Minist Publ Hlth,Influenza Div, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simmerman, JM (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Global Dis Detect Int Emerging Infect Program, Influenza Sect, Dept Dis Control,Minist Publ Hlth,Influenza Div, Bldg 7,4th Floor, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM msimmerman@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00045.x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SA UT WOS:000267761500001 PM 19453467 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, MM Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle M. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Physical activity levels and weight control status by body mass index, among adults - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID OBESITY; PREDICTORS; MAINTENANCE; MANAGEMENT; OVERWEIGHT; ATTRITION; INTENSITY; EXERCISE; EXERTION; SAMPLE AB Background: Adequate levels of physical activity can assist with weight control efforts, however, only a modest number of national studies have examined the physical activity patterns by weight control status. This article aims to describe patterns of physical activity among men and women who reported engaging in weight control practices. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) were used. The sample included 14,388 adults (aged >= 18 years), with measured weights and heights from which body mass index (BMI) (weight/height(2); kg/m(2)) was calculated. Analyses were performed to describe the prevalence of engaging in levels of physical activity (< 150-630 minutes/week) by three levels of weight control status (trying to lose weight, trying to maintain weight, and not trying to lose/maintain weight). We also examined the association between physical activity level and weight control status by BMI. Results: The prevalence of low levels of physical activity (< 150 minutes/week) was highest among those not trying to lose/maintain weight (77.7% men, 81.2% women), than those trying to lose, or maintain weight (64.2%-59.7% men, 68.1%-66.7% women). Significantly more men than women engaged in higher volumes of physical activity (p < 0.001). Among overweight men, those trying to lose weight were more likely to engage in 150-420 minutes/week (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.9) than those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Similarly, overweight women who were trying to lose weight were more likely to engage in 150-420 minutes/week (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.7) than were to those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Conclusion: Despite people's intentions to lose or maintain their weight, the majority of adults do not engage even in the minimum recommended level of physical activity. However, the prevalence of engaging in high levels of physical activity (150-420 minutes/week) was highest among those trying to lose or maintain weight than were with those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Regardless of weight control status, all adults should be encouraged to engage in regular physical activity. C1 [Kruger, Judy; Yore, Michelle M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kohl, Harold W., III] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov; Michyore@yahoo.com; Harold.W.Kohl@uth.tmc.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-5-25 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 308CZ UT WOS:000256367200001 PM 18452602 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Patel, DA Srinivasan, SR Chen, W Tang, R Bond, MG Berenson, GS AF Freedman, D. S. Patel, D. A. Srinivasan, S. R. Chen, W. Tang, R. Bond, M. G. Berenson, G. S. TI The contribution of childhood obesity to adult carotid intima-media thickness: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; carotid arteries; children; longitudinal; ultrasound; intima-media thickness ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BODY-MASS INDEX; HEALTHY-YOUNG ADULTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; VASCULAR CHANGES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARTERY INTIMA; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: Although obese children are at increased risk for coronary heart disease in later life, it is not clear if the association results from the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. We examined the relation of both childhood and adult levels of body mass index (BMI, kg m(-2)) to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured at the (mean) age of 36 years. Design and Subjects: Prior to the determination of adult IMT, the 1142 participants had been examined 7 (mean) times in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Measurements: In addition to BMI, levels of lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure were measured at each examination. Cumulative levels of each risk factor were based on the areas under the individual growth curves calculated using multilevel models for repeated (BMI) measurements. We then examined the relation of these cumulative levels to adult IMT. Results: Carotid IMT was associated with cumulative levels of BMI in both childhood and adulthood (P<0.001 for each association). Furthermore, the association between childhood BMI and adult IMT persisted, but was reduced, after controlling for adult BMI. Although childhood levels of lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure were also associated with adult IMT, these associations were not independent of adult levels of these risk factors. Conclusions: These results emphasize the adverse effects of elevated childhood BMI levels. In addition to the strong tracking of BMI levels from childhood to adulthood, there appears to be a modest, independent effect of childhood BMI on adult IMT. The prevention of childhood obesity should be emphasized. C1 [Freedman, D. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Patel, D. A.; Srinivasan, S. R.; Chen, W.; Berenson, G. S.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Tang, R.; Bond, M. G.; Berenson, G. S.] Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Div Vasc Ultrasound Res, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Rm 5055 Rhodes Bldg,3005 Chamblee Tucker Rd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov RI Patel, Dharmendrakumar/D-8948-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 41 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803798 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 299LB UT WOS:000255756000004 PM 18227845 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, K. M. Graubard, B. I. Williamson, D. F. Gail, M. H. TI Simple examples should not be extrapolated to the US population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Letter ID OBESITY; DEATHS; UNDERWEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; FRACTIONS C1 [Flegal, K. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Graubard, B. I.; Gail, M. H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williamson, D. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 875 EP 875 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803788 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 299LB UT WOS:000255756000021 PM 18197183 ER PT J AU Armstrong, R Waters, E Moore, L Swinburn, B Carter, R Lo, SK Dobbins, M Anderson, L Prosser, L Petticrew, M AF Armstrong, R. Waters, E. Moore, L. Swinburn, B. Carter, R. Lo, S. K. Dobbins, M. Anderson, L. Prosser, L. Petticrew, M. TI Knowledge translation to support local action for obesity prevention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th European Congress on Obesity CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND C1 [Armstrong, R.; Waters, E.; Prosser, L.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Moore, L.] Cardiff Univ, Wales, England. [Swinburn, B.; Carter, R.; Lo, S. K.] Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Dobbins, M.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Anderson, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seattle, WA USA. [Petticrew, M.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 SU 1 BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 300JM UT WOS:000255820100126 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Mohamed, MH Hadler, JL AF Lobato, M. N. Mohamed, M. H. Hadler, J. L. TI Tuberculosis in a low-incidence US area: local consequences of global disruptions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; immigration; refugees; epidemiology ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; IMMIGRANTS; REFUGEES AB SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) in the United States is increasingly concentrated among foreign-born persons. The northeastern states, including Connecticut, are among those with the highest proportion of foreign-born patients. METHOD S: This retrospective analysis of surveillance data from Connecticut for 1996 through 2005 compared TB case rates and risk factors among US-born and foreign-born persons. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2005, TB cases declined by 8.7% in foreign-born persons and by 53.6% in US-born persons. The median annual incidence rate for foreign-born persons was 19.7 cases per 100 000 population compared with 1.5 for US-born persons. Refugees had the highest TB rate (116 cases/100000) in the first year of their arrival. Resistance to any drug was more common among foreign-born persons (15.0%) than among US-born persons (9.3 %). Although the proportion of multidrug-resistant TB was highest among foreign-born persons with prior TB (5.6%), most cases occurred in those without prior TB. Risk factors for TB, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, drug use, incarceration and homelessness, were more common among US-born TB patients than among foreign-born patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although TB case rates for US-born persons in Connecticut have declined dramatically, foreign-born persons, including refugees fleeing conflict, contribute disproportionately to the TB burden. Future efforts to eliminate TB must be directed toward immigrants and refugees. C1 [Lobato, M. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mohamed, M. H.; Hadler, J. L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, TB Control & Refugee Program, Hartford, CT USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mark.lobato@ct.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 293SM UT WOS:000255355000006 PM 18419885 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JW Valle, LA Filene, JH Boyle, CL AF Kaminski, Jennifer Wyatt Valle, Linda Anne Filene, Jill H. Boyle, Cynthia L. TI A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training program effectiveness SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE parent training; meta-analysis; child behavior problems; component analysis ID CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BEHAVIORAL FAMILY INTERVENTION; LIMITED ANTISOCIAL PATHWAYS; PREVENTING CONDUCT PROBLEMS; LIFE-COURSE-PERSISTENT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MENTAL-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; INCARCERATED FATHERS AB This component analysis used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the results of 77 published evaluations of parent training programs (i.e., programs that included the active acquisition of parenting skills) to enhance behavior and adjustment in children aged 0-7. Characteristics of program content and delivery method were used to predict effect sizes on measures of parenting behaviors and children's externalizing behavior. After controlling for differences attributable to research design, program components consistently associated with larger effects included increasing positive parent-child interactions and emotional communication skills, teaching parents to use time out and the importance of parenting consistency, and requiring parents to practice new skills with their children during parent training sessions. Program components consistently associated with smaller effects included teaching parents problem solving; teaching parents to promote children's cognitive, academic, or social skills; and providing other, additional services. The results have implications for selection and strengthening of existing parent training programs. C1 [Kaminski, Jennifer Wyatt; Valle, Linda Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Filene, Jill H.] James Bell Assoc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Boyle, Cynthia L.] Univ Kansas, Marcus Inst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Kaminski, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JKaminski@cdc.gov; LValle@cdc.gov; Filene@jbassoc.com; lebezej777@aol.com RI Kaminski, Jennifer/A-7552-2009 NR 145 TC 369 Z9 376 U1 24 U2 119 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 567 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s10802-007-9201-9 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 283GI UT WOS:000254624300009 PM 18205039 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Chyen, D Lee, S Lowry, R AF Wang, Li Yan Chyen, David Lee, Sarah Lowry, Richard TI The association between body mass index in adolescence and obesity in adulthood SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE obesity; tracking of BMI; adolescence; adulthood ID SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH; OVERWEIGHT; VALIDITY; WEIGHT; DISEASE; COHORT; YOUTH; RELIABILITY AB Purpose: This study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) in adolescence and obesity in adulthood. Methods: Measurements of height and weight from 1981 and 2002 were used to calculate BMI for a cohort of 1309 adolescents at baseline and during adulthood. Associations between BMI at age 16/17 and obesity (BMI >= 30) at age 37/38 were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: When the predicted probability of adult obesity equaled 0.5, the point on the adolescent BMI distribution was close to the 85th percentile for both sexes (83rd percentile for females and 86th percentile for males). Among adolescents with a BMI in the 85th-<95th percentile, 62% of the males and 73% of the females became obese adults. Among those with a BMI >= 95th percentile, 80% of the males and 92% of the females became obese adults. Versus those with a BMI <85th percentile, those with a BMI in the 85th-<95th percentile were more likely to be obese (odds ratio = 7 for males, I I for females) as adults, and those with a BMI >= 95th percentile were most likely to be obese (odds ratio = IS for males, 49 for females) as adults. Conclusion: Adolescents with a BMI >= 85th percentile are at elevated risk for obesity in adulthood. To prevent the development of obesity and its associated health risks, population-based efforts combined with targeted interventions for these high-risk adolescents are needed. 0 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Li Yan; Chyen, David; Lee, Sarah; Lowry, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chyen, D (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lgw0@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.010 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 290RX UT WOS:000255141000013 PM 18407047 ER PT J AU Silva, LK Wilburn, CR Bonin, MA Smith, MM Reese, KA Ashley, DL Blount, BC AF Silva, Lalith K. Wilburn, Clayton R. Bonin, Michael A. Smith, Mitchell M. Reese, Katherine A. Ashley, David L. Blount, Benjamin C. TI Quantification of fuel oxygenate ethers in human blood using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-high-resolution mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; MTBE; EXPOSURE; GASOLINE; MODEL; WATER; PURGE; RATS C1 [Silva, Lalith K.; Bonin, Michael A.; Smith, Mitchell M.; Ashley, David L.; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wilburn, Clayton R.] Vanderbilt Ctr Bone Biol, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Reese, Katherine A.] Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Silva, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zox1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 294YS UT WOS:000255442800002 PM 18430294 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Stanfill, SB Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Pappas, R. S. Stanfill, S. B. Watson, C. H. Ashley, D. L. TI Analysis of toxic metals in commercial moist snuff and Alaskan iqmik SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO USERS; CONTACT ALLERGY; RISK-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; CANCER; INFLAMMATION; PRODUCTS; NITROSAMINES; CHROMIUM; CADMIUM C1 [Pappas, R. S.; Stanfill, S. B.; Watson, C. H.; Ashley, D. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RPappas@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 281 EP 291 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 294YS UT WOS:000255442800003 PM 18430295 ER PT J AU Hediger, ML England, LJ Molloy, CA Yu, KF Manning-Courtney, P Mills, JL AF Hediger, Mary L. England, Lucinda J. Molloy, Cynthia A. Yu, Kai F. Manning-Courtney, Patricia Mills, James L. TI Reduced bone cortical thickness in boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; boys; bone growth; calcium intake; dietary intake ID RETT-SYNDROME; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; DIETARY INTERVENTION; METACARPAL INDEX; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; MINERAL DENSITY; ABNORMALITIES; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; ADRENARCHE AB Bone development, casein-free diet use, supplements, and medications were assessed for 75 boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder, ages 4-8 years. Second metacarpal bone cortical thickness (BCT), measured on hand-wrist radiographs, and % deviations in BCT from reference medians were derived. BCT increased with age, but % deviations evidenced a progressive fall-off (p = .02): +3.1 +/- 4.7%, -6.5 +/- 4.0%, -16.6 +/- 3.4%, -19.4 +/- 3.7%, -24.1 +/- 4.4%, at ages 4-8, respectively, adjusting for height. The 12% of the boys on casein-free diets had an overall % deviation of -18.9 +/- 3.7%, nearly twice that of boys on minimally restricted or unrestricted diets (-10.5 +/- 1.3%, p < .04), although even for boys on minimally restricted or unrestricted diets the % deviation was highly significant (p < .001). Our data suggest that the bone development of autistic boys should be monitored as part of routine care, especially if they are on casein-free diets. C1 [Hediger, Mary L.; Yu, Kai F.; Mills, James L.] NICHHD, NIH, DESPR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [England, Lucinda J.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Molloy, Cynthia A.] Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Med Ctr,Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Manning-Courtney, Patricia] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Kelly O Leary Ctr Austin Spectrum Disorder, Div Dev Disablilities, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hediger, ML (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, DESPR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Blbg 6100,Rm 7B03,MSC 7510,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hedigerm@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NICHD NIH HHS [Z01 HD008742] NR 48 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 848 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0453-6 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 294NL UT WOS:000255412700006 PM 17879151 ER PT J AU Cardinali, FL Blount, BC Schmidt, R Morrow, J AF Cardinali, Frederick L. Blount, Benjamin C. Schmidt, Rachael Morrow, John TI Measurement of fuel oxygenates in tap water using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; BUTYL ETHER; HUMAN BLOOD; MTBE C1 [Cardinali, Frederick L.; Blount, Benjamin C.; Schmidt, Rachael; Morrow, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cardinali, FL (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fcardinali@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 298PS UT WOS:000255700200003 PM 18492345 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Yang, C Spira, T Ou, CY Pau, CP Parekh, BS Candal, D Kuehl, D Kennedy, MS Rudolph, D Luo, W Delatorre, N Masciotra, S Kalish, ML Cowart, F Barnett, T Lal, R McDougal, JS AF Owen, S. M. Yang, C. Spira, T. Ou, C. Y. Pau, C. P. Parekh, B. S. Candal, D. Kuehl, D. Kennedy, M. S. Rudolph, D. Luo, W. Delatorre, N. Masciotra, S. Kalish, M. L. Cowart, F. Barnett, T. Lal, R. McDougal, J. S. TI Alternative algorithms for human immunodeficiency virus infection diagnosis using tests that are licensed in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PRIMARY HIV-INFECTION; BLOOD-DONORS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; WESTERN BLOTS; REAL-TIME; FOLLOW-UP; IDENTIFICATION; SEROCONVERSION; IMMUNOASSAYS AB Serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has traditionally relied on a sequential two-test algorithm: an initial screen with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reflex testing of EIA-reactive specimens with a more specific supplemental test such as Western blotting or immunofluorescence. The supplemental tests are tedious, subjective, and expensive. In addition, there have been major improvements in the performance and accuracy of the EIA tests as well as the introduction of rapid serologic tests (RT) and HIV nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Related to these improvements is the possibility that alternative algorithms using combinations of currently approved HIV tests may function as well as if not better than the current algorithm, with more flexibility, improved accuracy, and lower cost. To this end, we evaluated the performance of 12 currently licensed tests and I in-house HIV test (6 EIA, 4 RT, and 3 NAAT) on panels of plasma samples from HIV-infected (n = 621 HIV type 1 [HIV-1] and 34 HIV-2) and uninfected (n = 513) people and of sequential specimens from people early in seroconversion (183 specimens from 15 patients). Test combinations were analyzed in two dual-test (sensitivity-optimized and specificity-optimized) algorithms and in a three-test (tie-breaking) algorithm, and performance was compared to the conventional algorithm. The results indicate that alternative algorithm strategies with currently licensed tests compare favorably with the conventional algorithm in detecting and confirming established HIV infection. Furthermore, there was a lower frequency of discordant or indeterminate results that require follow-up testing, and there was improved detection of early infection. C1 [Owen, S. M.; Yang, C.; Spira, T.; Ou, C. Y.; Pau, C. P.; Parekh, B. S.; Candal, D.; Kuehl, D.; Kennedy, M. S.; Rudolph, D.; Luo, W.; Delatorre, N.; Masciotra, S.; Kalish, M. L.; Cowart, F.; Barnett, T.; Lal, R.; McDougal, J. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smo2@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 42 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1588 EP 1595 DI 10.1128/JCM.02196-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200002 PM 18322061 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Staat, MA Holloway, M Bernstein, DI Kerin, T Hull, J Yee, E Gentsch, J Parashar, UD AF Stockman, Lauren J. Staat, Mary A. Holloway, Michol Bernstein, David I. Kerin, Tara Hull, Jennifer Yee, Eileen Gentsch, Jon Parashar, Umesh D. TI Optimum diagnostic assay and clinical specimen for routine rotavirus surveillance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN AB Rates of detection of rotavirus were compared by diagnostic assay and specimen type. For bulk stools, rates of detection by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were similar, but 18% of healthy controls tested positive by RT-PCR. Testing of bulk stools by EIA appears to be optimum for rotavirus surveillance. C1 [Stockman, Lauren J.; Kerin, Tara; Hull, Jennifer; Yee, Eileen; Gentsch, Jon; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stockman, Lauren J.; Kerin, Tara; Hull, Jennifer] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Staat, Mary A.; Holloway, Michol; Bernstein, David I.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lstockman@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 45252] NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1842 EP 1843 DI 10.1128/JCM.02329-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200043 PM 18353936 ER PT J AU Wang, SH Mangino, JE Stevenson, K Yakrus, MA Cooksey, R Butler, WR Healy, M Wise, MG Schlesinger, LS Pancholi, P AF Wang, Shu-Hua Mangino, Julie E. Stevenson, Kurt Yakrus, Mitchell A. Cooksey, Robert Butler, W. Ray Healy, Mimi Wise, Mark G. Schlesinger, Larry S. Pancholi, Preeti TI Characterization of "Mycobacterium paraffinicum" associated with a pseudo-outbreak SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM COMPLEX STRAINS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; PARASCROFULACEUM; POLYMORPHISM; PATTERNS AB We describe the first "Mycobacterium paraffinicum" (unofficial taxon) pseudo-outbreak in a tertiary-care medical center. Fifteen clinical nontuberculous mycobacterium isolates from 10 patients were initially identified by biochemical tests and high-performance liquid chromatography as Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. However, further testing by molecular analysis revealed "M. paraffinicum." Epidemiological and environmental investigation determined that the ice machine was the source of the pseudo-outbreak. C1 [Wang, Shu-Hua; Mangino, Julie E.; Stevenson, Kurt; Schlesinger, Larry S.] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis,Ctr Microbial Interface Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Cooksey, Robert; Butler, W. Ray] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Healy, Mimi; Wise, Mark G.] Bacterial Barcodes Inc, Athens, GA USA. [Pancholi, Preeti] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pancholi, P (reprint author), 1492 E Broad St, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM Preeti.Pancholi@osumc.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1850 EP 1853 DI 10.1128/JCM.02079-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200046 PM 18367564 ER PT J AU Levy, H Diallo, S Tennant, SM Livio, S Sow, SO Tapia, M Fields, PI Mikoleit, M Tamboura, B Kotloff, KL Lagos, R Nataro, JP Galen, JE Levine, MM AF Levy, Haim Diallo, Souleymane Tennant, Sharon M. Livio, Sofie Sow, Samba O. Tapia, Milagritos Fields, Patricia I. Mikoleit, Matthew Tamboura, Boubou Kotloff, Karen L. Lagos, Rosanna Nataro, James P. Galen, James E. Levine, Myron M. TI PCR method to identify Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi, paratyphi A, and paratyphi B among salmonella isolates from the blood of patients with clinical enteric fever SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; COATED CAPSULES; ENDEMIC AREA; CHILDREN; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGEN; AMPLIFICATION; STRAINS AB PCR methodology was developed to identify Sabnonella enterica serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B. One multiplex PCR identifies serogroup D, A, and B and Vi-positive strains; another confirms flagellar antigen "d," "a," or "b." Blinded testing of 664 Malian and Chilean Salmonella blood isolates demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity. C1 [Levy, Haim; Tennant, Sharon M.; Livio, Sofie; Tapia, Milagritos; Kotloff, Karen L.; Nataro, James P.; Galen, James E.; Levine, Myron M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Levy, Haim] Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. [Diallo, Souleymane; Sow, Samba O.; Tapia, Milagritos; Tamboura, Boubou] Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Fields, Patricia I.; Mikoleit, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Salmonella Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lagos, Rosanna] Hosp Ninos Roberto Rio, Ctr Vacunas Desarrollo, Serv Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile. RP Levine, MM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mlevine@medicine.umaryland.edu RI kotloff, karen/E-7768-2012; OI kotloff, karen/0000-0003-1808-6431; Mikoleit, Matthew/0000-0002-4582-6733 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI029471] NR 31 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1861 EP 1866 DI 10.1128/JCM.00109-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200049 PM 18367574 ER PT J AU Spinsanti, LI Diaz, LA Glatstein, N Arselan, S Morales, MA Farias, AA Fabbri, C Aguilar, JJ Re, V Frias, M Almiron, WR Hunsperger, E Siirin, M Da Rosa, AT Tesh, RB Enria, D Contigiani, M AF Spinsanti, Lorena I. Diaz, Luis A. Glatstein, Nora Arselan, Sergio Morales, Maria A. Farias, Adrian A. Fabbri, Cintia Aguilar, Juan J. Re, Viviana Frias, Maria Almiron, Walter R. Hunsperger, Elizabeth Siirin, Marina Da Rosa, Amelia Travassos Tesh, Robert B. Enria, Delia Contigiani, Marta TI Human outbreak of St. Louis encephalitis detected in Argentina, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE St. Louis encephalitis virus; encephalitis outbreak; SLEV antibodies; Argentina ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPIDEMIC; COLORADO AB Background: An outbreak of flavivirus encephalitis occurred in 2005 in Cordoba province, Argentina. Objectives: To characterize the epidemiologic and clinical features of that outbreak and provide the serologic results that identified St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) as the etiologic agent. Study design: From January to May 2005, patients with symptoms of encephalitis, meningitis, or fever with severe headache were evaluated and an etiologic diagnosis achieved by detection of flavivirus-specific antibody sera and cerebrospinal fluid. Results: The epidemic curve of 47 cases showed an explosive outbreak starting in January 2005 with one peak in mid-February and a second peak in mid-March; the epidemic ended in May. Cases occurred predominantly among persons 60 years and older. Nine deaths were reported. SLEV antibodies, when detected in 47 patients studied, had a pattern characteristic of a primary SLEV infection. Conclusions: Even though isolated cases of St. Louis encephalitis have been reported in Argentina, this is the first description of a large SLEV encephalitis outbreak in Argentina. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Spinsanti, Lorena I.; Diaz, Luis A.; Farias, Adrian A.; Aguilar, Juan J.; Re, Viviana; Contigiani, Marta] Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Med, Inst Virol Dr Jose Maria Vanella, RA-5016 Cordoba, Argentina. [Arselan, Sergio] Clin Privada Velez Sarsfield, Cordoba, Argentina. [Morales, Maria A.; Fabbri, Cintia; Enria, Delia] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Pergamino, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Almiron, Walter R.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Ctr Invest Entomol Cordoba, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Hunsperger, Elizabeth] CDC, CCID NCZVED, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. [Siirin, Marina; Da Rosa, Amelia Travassos; Tesh, Robert B.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Ctr Biodefense & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. RP Spinsanti, LI (reprint author), Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Med, Inst Virol Dr Jose Maria Vanella, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez S-N, RA-5016 Cordoba, Argentina. EM contigia@cmefcm.uncor.edu OI Diaz, Luis Adrian/0000-0001-5953-2907 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI 30027] NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.022 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 308LM UT WOS:000256391600005 PM 18249032 ER PT J AU Caidi, H Abernathy, ES Benjouad, A Smit, S Bwogi, J Nanyunja, M El Aouad, R Icenogle, J AF Caidi, Hayat Abernathy, Emily S. Benjouad, Aziz Smit, Sheilagh Bwogi, Josephine Nanyunja, Miriam El Aouad, Rajae Icenogle, Joseph TI Phylogenetic analysis of rubella viruses found in Morocco, Uganda, Cote d'Ivoire and South Africa from 2001 to 2007 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rubella virus; genotype; molecular characterization; sequences ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; BURDEN AB Background: Rubella virus (RV) causes a mild disease, but maternal infection early in pregnancy often leads to birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Rubella remains poorly controlled in Africa. Objectives: To identify RV genotypes found in Africa to help establish a genetic baseline for RV molecular epidemiology. Study design: Urine and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected between 2001 and 2004 during measles surveillance in Morocco, Uganda and South Africa, and from two persons in the United States who contracted rubella in Cote d'Ivoire and Uganda in 2004 and 2007, respectively. RV RNA was obtained directly from specimens or from RV-infected cell cultures, amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the resulting DNAs sequenced. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis with RV reference sequences. Results: Nine RV sequences were assigned as follows: 1E in Morocco, 1G in Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire, and 2B in South Africa. Conclusions: Information about RV genotypes circulating in Africa is improved which should aid in control of rubella and CRS in Africa. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Caidi, Hayat; El Aouad, Rajae] Natl Inst Hyg, Dept Immunol Virol, Rabat, Morocco. [Abernathy, Emily S.; Icenogle, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Caidi, Hayat; Benjouad, Aziz] Univ Mohammed 5, Rabat, Morocco. [Bwogi, Josephine] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Nanyunja, Miriam] World Hlth Org, Kampala, Uganda. RP Caidi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Hyg, Dept Immunol Virol, 27 Ave Ibn Batouta Agdal, Rabat, Morocco. EM hcaidi@mailcity.com; Jci1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.013 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 308LM UT WOS:000256391600017 PM 18164652 ER PT J AU Fanti, KA Henrich, CC Brookmeyer, KA Kuperminc, GP AF Fanti, Kostas A. Henrich, Christopher C. Brookmeyer, Kathryn A. Kuperminc, Gabriel P. TI Toward a transactional model of parent-adolescent relationship quality and adolescent psychological adjustment SO JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article DE early adolescence; internalizing problems; externalizing problems; parent-adolescent relationship quality; transactional model ID PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; EXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS; CHILDRENS DEVELOPMENT; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; PEER ATTACHMENT; CHILDHOOD; DEPRESSION; STABILITY; MOTHERS AB The present study includes externalizing problems, internalizing problems, mother-adolescent relationship quality, and father-adolescent relationship quality in the same structural equation model and tests the longitudinal reciprocal association among all four variables over a 1-year period. A transactional model in which adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are negatively related to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their parents and relationship quality is related to internalizing and externalizing problems is hypothesized. Moderation by gender, ethnicity, and parental marital status is also investigated. The sample consists of 246 boys and 253 girls from the sixth and seventh grades of a large public middle school. The study's final model suggests a longitudinal, reciprocal association between the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers and internalizing problems. Results suggest longitudinal unidirectional effects from externalizing problems to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their fathers and from the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers to externalizing problems. C1 [Henrich, Christopher C.; Kuperminc, Gabriel P.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Fanti, Kostas A.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Psychol, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Brookmeyer, Kathryn A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fanti, KA (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Univ Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. OI Fanti, Kostas/0000-0002-3484-7483 NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 24 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-4316 EI 1552-5449 J9 J EARLY ADOLESCENCE JI J. Early Adolesc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 252 EP 276 DI 10.1177/0272431607312766 PG 25 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental SC Family Studies; Psychology GA 288BS UT WOS:000254961800004 ER PT J AU Otto, C Joe, PS AF Otto, Charles, III Joe, Paula S. TI Recreational water illness prevention, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Otto, Charles, III] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, EHSB, Innovat Team Leader, USPHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Joe, Paula S.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Otto, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, EHSB, Innovat Team Leader, USPHS, CDC 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cotto@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 70 IS 9 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295JL UT WOS:000255470700007 PM 18517155 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK McQueen, DV Puska, P Douglas, KA Ackland, M Campostrini, S Barcelo, A Stachenko, S Mokdad, AH Granero, R Corber, SJ Valleron, AJ Skinner, HA Potemkina, R Lindner, MC Zakus, D De Salazar, LM Pak, AWP Ansari, Z Zevallos, JC Gonzalez, M Flahault, A Torres, RE AF Choi, B. C. K. McQueen, D. V. Puska, P. Douglas, K. A. Ackland, M. Campostrini, S. Barcelo, A. Stachenko, S. Mokdad, A. H. Granero, R. Corber, S. J. Valleron, A-J Skinner, H. A. Potemkina, R. Lindner, M. C. Zakus, D. De Salazar, L. M. Pak, A. W. P. Ansari, Z. Zevallos, J. C. Gonzalez, M. Flahault, A. Torres, R. E. TI Enhancing global capacity in the surveillance, prevention, and control of chronic diseases: seven themes to consider and build upon SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; DECISION-MAKERS; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; SMOKING; URBANIZATION; SCIENTISTS; PREVALENCE; CHALLENGES AB Background: Chronic diseases are now a major health problem in developing countries as well as in the developed world. Although chronic diseases cannot be communicated from person to person, their risk factors ( for example, smoking, inactivity, dietary habits) are readily transferred around the world. With increasing human progress and technological advance, the pandemic of chronic diseases will become an even bigger threat to global health. Methods: Based on our experiences and publications as well as review of the literature, we contribute ideas and working examples that might help enhance global capacity in the surveillance of chronic diseases and their prevention and control. Innovative ideas and solutions were actively sought. Results: Ideas and working examples to help enhance global capacity were grouped under seven themes, concisely summarised by the acronym "SCIENCE'': Strategy, Collaboration, Information, Education, Novelty, Communication and Evaluation. Conclusion: Building a basis for action using the seven themes articulated, especially by incorporating innovative ideas, we presented here, can help enhance global capacity in chronic disease surveillance, prevention and control. Informed initiatives can help achieve the new World Health Organization global goal of reducing chronic disease death rates by 2% annually, generate new ideas for effective interventions and ultimately bring global chronic diseases under greater control. C1 Govt Canada, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. [Choi, B. C. K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [McQueen, D. V.] NCCDPHP, CDC, DHSS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Puska, P.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, KTL, Helsinki, Finland. [Ackland, M.] Communicable Dis Control Unit, Publ Hlth Branch, Victorian Dept Human Serv, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Campostrini, S.] Univ Venice, Dept Stat, Venice, Italy. [Barcelo, A.] PAHO, Washington, DC USA. [Stachenko, S.] Govt Canada, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mokdad, A. H.] NCCDPHP, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Behav Surveillance Bra, Atlanta, GA USA. [Granero, R.] AMNET, Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. [Granero, R.] ASCARDIO, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. [Corber, S. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Valleron, A-J] Univ Paris 06, Sch Publ Hlth & Informat Sci, Paris, France. [Skinner, H. A.] York Univ, Fac Hlth, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Potemkina, R.] State Res Ctr Prevent Med, Minist Hlth & Social Dev Russain Federat, Moscow, Russia. [Lindner, M. C.] Univ Republ Oriental Uruguay, Minist Publ Hlth, Clin Hosp, Dept Clin Lab,Fac Med, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Zakus, D.] Ctr Internatl Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zakus, D.] Fac Med, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pak, A. W. P.] Univ Valle, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Evaluat Publ Hlth, Policies Programs & Technol,CEDETES, Cali, Colombia. [Ansari, Z.] Victorian Dept Human Serv, Aged Care Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. [Zevallos, J. C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Endowed Hlth Serv Res Ctr, San Juan, PR USA. [Gonzalez, M.] NIH, Observatory Chron Dis, Bogota, Colombia. [Flahault, A.] WHO Collaborating Ctr Elect Surveillance Dis, Rennes, France. [Torres, R. E.] Minist Hlth, US Gen Estadist & Informat, Lima, Peru. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Govt Canada, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, PL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. EM Bernard_Choi@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 111 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1136/jech.2007.060368 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 288AX UT WOS:000254959700005 PM 18413450 ER PT J AU Wong, LY Millette, MD Uddin, MS Needham, LL Patterson, DG Turner, W Henderson, A AF Wong, Lee-Yang Millette, M. Deborah Uddin, Mohammed S. Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G. Turner, Wayman Henderson, Alden TI Serum dioxin levels in residents of Calcasieu and Lafayette parishes, Louisiana with comparison to the US population SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls; mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls ID PCBS; PCDFS; PCDDS AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) used a cross-sectional study to compare the serum dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) levels of a population-based representative sample of Calcasieu Parish residents aged 15 years and older to a similar group of residents of Lafayette Parish with less industrial facilities. Serum dioxins consisted of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Overall, the mean and distribution of serum dioxin TEQ level in residents of both parishes were similar by age groups (15-29 years, 30-44 years, 45-59 years, and 60 year and older). When the Calcasieu Parish area was further divided based on distance to three industrial areas, the mean dioxin TEQ levels were similar. Serum dioxin TEQ levels in residents of both parishes increased with age. Calcasieu Parish residents who reported having eaten locally caught fish, smoked cigarettes, worked in an occupation with potential exposure, or used pesticides had dioxin levels similar to Lafayette Parish residents who reported these activities. African Americans had higher dioxin levels than Caucasians in Lafayette Parish and both races in Calcasieu Parish. The congener profiles were similar in residents of both parishes. When the combined Calcasieu and Lafayette Parish data were compared by age group to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002 data, the geometric means for the dioxin levels in the combined Parish data set were significantly lower than the NHANES data in all age groups (all P-values <0.0001), except the oldest age group where the significance level is marginal (P = 0.067). The various percentiles of the youngest age group of the combined parish data were also significantly lower than those in NHANES. Since the combined parish dioxin levels were below a representative sampling of the US population, there is no increase in serum dioxin concentrations in both the parishes. C1 [Wong, Lee-Yang; Needham, Larry L.; Patterson, Donald G.; Turner, Wayman] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Millette, M. Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Uddin, Mohammed S.; Henderson, Alden] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wong, LY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lyw8@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500609 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 289LX UT WOS:000255057100004 ER PT J AU Purdy, MA Gonzales, AC Dimitrova, Z Khudyakov, Y AF Purdy, Michael A. Gonzales, Aileen C. Dimitrova, Zoya Khudyakov, Yury TI Supragenotypic groups of the hepatitis B virus genome SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC RELATEDNESS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENOTYPES; RECOMBINATION; SUBTYPES; SEQUENCE; TOPOLOGIES; ANTIGEN; STRAINS AB Phylogenetic relationships among hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes were investigated using different regions across the genome. The phylogenetic analysis in conjunction with graphical examination of phylogenetic distance matrices and distance frequency distribution plotting suggest the clustering of HBV genotypes into three higher-order hierarchical groups: group I, comprising genotypes A-E and G; group II, comprising genotypes F and H; and a hypothetical group III. Present-day genotype G is postulated to be a recombinant with the non-polymerase region of group III virus and the polymerase gene of an ancestral virus belonging to group I. C1 [Purdy, Michael A.; Gonzales, Aileen C.; Dimitrova, Zoya; Khudyakov, Yury] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Purdy, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS A33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mup3@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83392-0 PN 5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 298PF UT WOS:000255698900010 PM 18420795 ER PT J AU Sleeman, K Bankamp, B Hummel, KB Lo, MK Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Sleeman, Katrina Bankamp, Bettina Hummel, Kimberly B. Lo, Michael K. Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI The C, V and W proteins of Nipah virus inhibit minigenome replication SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; MEASLES-VIRUS; SENDAI-VIRUS; RINDERPEST VIRUS; INTERFERON-BETA; P-PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHOSPHOPROTEIN GENE; GENOME REPLICATION AB Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emergent, highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxovirus of the genus Henipavirus. Like the phosphoprotein (P) gene of other paramyxoviruses, the P gene of NiV is predicted to encode three additional proteins, C, V and W. When the C, V and W proteins of NiV were tested for their ability to inhibit expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in plasmid-based, minigenome replication assays, each protein inhibited CAT expression in a close-dependent manner. The C, V and W proteins of NiV also inhibited expression of CAT from a measles virus (MV) minigenome, but not from a human parainfluenzavirus 3 (hPIV3) minigenome. Interestingly, the C and V proteins of MV, which have previously been shown to inhibit MV minigenome replication, also inhibited NiV minigenome replication; however, they were not able to inhibit hPIV3 minigenome replication. In contrast, the C protein of hPIV3 inhibited minigenome replication of hPIV3, NiV and MV. Although there is very limited amino acid sequence similarity between the C, V and W proteins within the paramyxoviruses, the heterotypic inhibition of replication suggests that these proteins may share functional properties. C1 [Sleeman, Katrina; Bankamp, Bettina; Hummel, Kimberly B.; Lo, Michael K.; Bellini, William J.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lo, Michael K.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Lo, Michael K.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM prota@cdc.gov OI Lo, Michael/0000-0002-0409-7896 NR 53 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 BP 1300 EP 1308 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83582-0 PN 5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 298PF UT WOS:000255698900024 PM 18420809 ER PT J AU Sarmiento, K Langlois, JA Mitchko, J AF Sarmiento, Kelly Langlois, Jean A. Mitchko, Jane TI "Help Seniors Live Better, Longer: Prevent Brain Injury": An overview of CDC's education initiative to prevent fall-related TBI among older adults SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE falls; older adult; prevention; traumatic brain injury AB Background: Falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older adults aged 75 and older. Despite this burden, many older adults, their caregivers, and professionals are not aware of the importance of TBI as an outcome of falls among older adults. Methods: To address this important public health problem, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the "Help Seniors Live Better, Longer: Prevent Brain Injury" initiative to help raise awareness about methods to prevent, recognize and respond to fall-related TBIs among older adults aged 75 and older. Results: The initiative was launched in March 2008, in collaboration with 26 participating organizations, and included a multipronged outreach strategy to help blanket the country with the messages of the initiative at the national, state, and local levels. Conclusion: Adherence to a logical, comprehensive health-education approach has proven to be highly effective in furthering the initial goals of the project. C1 [Sarmiento, Kelly] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, DIR, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sarmiento, K (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, DIR, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MSF-62,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KSarmiento@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1097/01.HTR.0000319933.22709.61 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 309XN UT WOS:000256493600005 PM 18520429 ER PT J AU Schwarz, KB Garrett, B Alter, MJ Thompson, D Strathdee, SA AF Schwarz, Kathleen B. Garrett, Beth Alter, Miriam J. Thompson, Douglas Strathdee, Steffanie A. TI Seroprevalence of HCV infection in homeless Baltimore families SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE HCV; women; children; homelessness; injection drug use ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENT POPULATION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN AB Our objective was to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence in homeless caregivers and their children 2-18 years of age living in a family. During a 30-month period from October 2001 through April 2004 in Baltimore, 170 caregivers enrolled and 168 of these accepted testing for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), as did all 336 children and adolescents enrolled. Main results. None of the children younger than 18 years old were HCV seropositive; in striking contrast, however, 32 (19%) caregivers were seropositive. Most (59%) were previously unaware of their HCV serostatus. History of ever injecting drugs was the strongest predictor of HCV seropositive status in the caregivers, reported by 14% overall, and by 71% of HCV positives. Conclusion. The homeless families were very receptive to our HCV seroprevalence study and are likely also to be receptive to shelter-based HCV prevention programs for young children and adolescents as well as for adults. C1 [Schwarz, Kathleen B.; Garrett, Beth] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Alter, Miriam J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson, Douglas] Maryland Med Res Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schwarz, KB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Childrens Ctr, 600 N Wolfe St,Brady 320, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM kschwarz@jhmi.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013743, R01 DA13743] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 580 EP 587 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297YM UT WOS:000255653300024 PM 18469428 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Sullivent, EE Sinclair, J Bixler, D Simon, TR Swahn, MH Wilson, K AF Bossarte, Robert M. Sullivent, Ernest E., III Sinclair, Julie Bixler, Danae Simon, Thomas R. Swahn, Monica H. Wilson, Kristin TI Injury, violence, and risk among participants in a mass gathering of the Rainbow Family of Living Light SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE violence; risk; underserved; substance use AB The Rainbow Family of Living Light (RFLL), a large communal group with no centralized authority, has held an annual gathering on U.S. federal land for the past 34 years. In 2005, RFLL held its annual gathering in the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. Surveillance for injuries was established at nearby emergency departments and participants were asked to complete a health and risk assessment. We found that the majority of injuries resulted from outdoor activities and were not associated with violence. Assessments indicate that this is a medically underserved population and that participants would benefit from preventive and crisis services. We recommend early collaborative planning with RFLL members to reduce the potential for burden on local emergency departments and to meet the health care needs of this group. Future host communities should consider providing minor care, health screening, and information or referral services near the main gathering site. C1 [Bossarte, Robert M.; Simon, Thomas R.; Swahn, Monica H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sullivent, Ernest E., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sinclair, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bixler, Danae] W Verginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. [Wilson, Kristin] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Bossarte, RM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, POB 9151, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 588 EP 595 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297YM UT WOS:000255653300025 PM 18469429 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, Richard F. TI Dying for growth: Global inequality and the health of the poor. SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gillum, Richard F.] NCHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), NCHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6323, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@CDC.GOV NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 653 EP 655 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297YM UT WOS:000255653300031 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ Kruszon-Moran, D McAllister, SK McQuillan, G McDougal, LK Fosheim, GE Jensen, BJ Killgore, G Tenover, FC Kuehnert, MJ AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna McAllister, Sigrid K. McQuillan, Geraldine McDougal, Linda K. Fosheim, Gregory E. Jensen, Bette J. Killgore, George Tenover, Fred C. Kuehnert, Matthew J. TI Changes in the prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2001-2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Fdn Infect Dis ID METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; LATINO COMMUNITY; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; EMERGENCE; SURVEILLANCE; CLONE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBIOTICS AB Background. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infection, particularly in persons colonized by this organism. Virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have emerged in the general community. Methods. A nationally representative survey of nasal colonization with S. aureus was conducted from 2001 through 2004 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MRSA isolates were identified by the oxacillin disk-diffusion method. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type was determined for all MRSA isolates. A t statistic was used to compare the prevalence of colonization across biennia and across population subgroups. Cofactors independently associated with colonization were determined with backward stepwise logistic modeling. Results. The prevalence of colonization with S. aureus decreased from 32.4% in 2001-2002 to 28.6% in 2003 2004 (P < .01), whereas the prevalence of colonization with MRSA increased from 0.8% to 1.5% (P < .05). Colonization with MRSA was independently associated with healthcare exposure in males and with having been born in the United States, age >= 60 years, diabetes, and poverty in females. In 2003-2004, a total of 19.7% (95% confidence interval, 12.4%-28.8%) of MRSA-colonized persons carried a PFGE type associated with community transmission. Conclusions. Nasal colonization with MRSA has increased in the United States, despite an overall decrease in nasal colonization with S. aureus. PFGE types associated with community transmission only partially account for the increase in MRSA colonization. C1 [Gorwitz, Rachel J.; McAllister, Sigrid K.; McDougal, Linda K.; Fosheim, Gregory E.; Jensen, Bette J.; Killgore, George; Tenover, Fred C.; Kuehnert, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kruszon-Moran, Deanna; McQuillan, Geraldine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgorwitz@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 382 Z9 395 U1 3 U2 27 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 9 BP 1226 EP 1234 DI 10.1086/533494 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 290KC UT WOS:000255120700004 PM 18422434 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Wise, ME Bell, BP Finelli, L AF Vogt, Tara M. Wise, Matthew E. Bell, Beth P. Finelli, Lyn TI Declining hepatitis A mortality in the United States during the era of hepatitis A vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; C VIRUS-INFECTION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; MODEL AB Background. Since the mid-1990s, hepatitis A vaccine has been recommended for US children living in historically high-incidence states and for persons with other risk factors or chronic liver disease (CLD). The incidence of hepatitis A has declined dramatically during the era of vaccination, but trends in mortality are largely unknown. Methods. US death certificates from 1990 to 2004 for which hepatitis A was listed as the underlying cause of death were analyzed. Average annual age-adjusted mortality rates during the prevaccine (1990-1995) and post-vaccination recommendation (2000-2004) periods were compared using a Mantel-Haenszel test of association. The number of deaths for which CLD was listed as a contributing cause was determined. Results. Overall, 1436 deaths due to hepatitis A occurred, averaging 96 annually (range, 142 in 1995 to 54 in 2003). CLD contributed to nearly half of these deaths. Mortality rates paralleled incidence rates, beginning to decline in the mid-1990s and achieving low points in 2003 and 2004. Average rates were 32% lower in the post-vaccination recommendation period than in the prevaccine period (P < .01). The decline was more dramatic for states with (45%; P < .001) than without (23%; P = .002) recommendations. Conclusions. Hepatitis A mortality rates have declined over the past decade. CLD remains an important and preventable contributing cause of death due to hepatitis A. C1 [Vogt, Tara M.; Bell, Beth P.; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wise, Matthew E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 clifton Rd NE,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcv3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 9 BP 1282 EP 1288 DI 10.1086/586899 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 290KC UT WOS:000255120700010 PM 18422440 ER PT J AU Wikswo, ME Hu, R Dasch, GA Krueger, L Arugay, A Jones, K Hess, B Bennett, S Kramer, V Eremeeva, ME AF Wikswo, Mary E. Hu, Renjie Dasch, Gregory A. Krueger, Laura Arugay, Aaron Jones, Keith Hess, Barry Bennett, Stephen Kramer, Vicki Eremeeva, Marina E. TI Detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in Dermacentor species from southern California SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rocky mountain spotted fever; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rickettsia rhipicephali; Dermacentor occidentalis; Dermacentor variabilis ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; UNITED-STATES; TICK VECTORS; DNA; ANDERSONI; ARIZONA AB Dermacentor occidentalis Marx and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) commonly bite humans in California. These Dermacentor species may play a role in transmitting spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae to humans in many parts of the state where Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, a known vector for the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii, is absent. However, the specific rickettsial agents present in these ticks and their current prevalence are poorly understood. In total, 365 D. occidentalis and 10 D. variabilis were collected by flagging vegetation at 16 sites in five counties of southern California. The presence of SFG rickettsial DNA in these ticks was detected with rOmpA and GltA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The rickettsial species were identified by sequencing PCR amplicons. Of 365 D. occidentalis, 90 (24.7%) contained R. rhipicephali DNA, 28 (7.7%) contained DNA of unclassified genotype 364D, two (0.55%) contained R. bellii DNA, and one (0.3%) contained R. rickettsii DNA. Of 10 D. variabilis, four (40%) contained only R. rhipicephali. Four new genotypes of R. rhipicephali were discovered. For the first time, we detected R. rickettsii in D. occidentalis. Our study provides the first molecular data on the prevalence and species identification of SFG rickettsiae circulating in populations of these California ticks. Because neither D. variabilis nor R. rickettsii were abundant, 364D should be evaluated further as a potential cause of human SFG rickettsioses in southern California. C1 [Wikswo, Mary E.; Dasch, Gregory A.; Eremeeva, Marina E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wikswo, Mary E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hu, Renjie; Krueger, Laura; Kramer, Vicki] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. [Arugay, Aaron] Los Angeles Cty W Vector Control Dist, Culver City, CA 90230 USA. [Jones, Keith; Hess, Barry] Riverside Cty Dept Environm Hlth, Hemet, CA 92545 USA. [Bennett, Stephen] Orange Cty Vector Control Dist, Garden Grove, GA USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM meremeeva@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[509:DAIOSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 320UC UT WOS:000257259500024 PM 18533446 ER PT J AU Polaczyk, AL Narayanan, J Cromeans, TL Hahn, D Roberts, JM Amburgey, JE Hill, VR AF Polaczyk, Amy L. Narayanan, Jothikumar Cromeans, Theresa L. Hahn, Donghyun Roberts, Jacqueline M. Amburgey, James E. Hill, Vincent R. TI Ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-L tap water samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE drinking water; pathogen detection; real-time PCR; ultrafiltration ID HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; VIRUS CONCENTRATION; DRINKING-WATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; BACTERIA; FILTRATION; PP7; PCR AB This study focused on ultrafiltration as a technique for simultaneously concentrating and recovering viruses, bacteria and parasites in 100-L drinking water samples. A chemical dispersant, sodium polyphosphate, and Tween 80 were used to increase microbial recovery efficiencies. Secondary concentration was performed to reduce sample volumes to 3-5 ml. for analysis using tissue culture, microscopy, and real-time PCR and RT-PCR. At seeding levels of 100-1000 (CFU, PFU, oocysts, or particles), a "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure was found to achieve mean recoveries of 51-94% of simultaneously seeded MS2 bacteriophage, echovirus 1, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii endospores, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, and 4.5-mu m microspheres. When 4-7% of the final sample concentrate volume was assayed using real-time PCR and RT-PCR, overall method sensitivities were < 100 C. parvum oocysts, < 240 PFU echovirus 1, < 100 CFU Salmonella and similar to 160 CFU B. atrophaeus spores in 100-L drinking water samples. The "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure required approximately 2 h, including time required for backflushing. Secondary concentration procedures required an additional 1-3 h, while nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR procedures required an additional 2-2.5 h. Thus, this study demonstrated that efficient recovery and sensitive detection of diverse microbes in 100-L drinking water samples could be achieved within 5-8 h using ultrafiltration, rapid secondary processing techniques, and real-time PCR. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Narayanan, Jothikumar; Cromeans, Theresa L.; Hahn, Donghyun; Roberts, Jacqueline M.; Hill, Vincent R.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Narayanan, Jothikumar; Cromeans, Theresa L.; Hahn, Donghyun; Roberts, Jacqueline M.; Hill, Vincent R.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ctr Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Polaczyk, Amy L.; Amburgey, James E.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Cromeans, Theresa L.; Hahn, Donghyun] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vhill@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 23 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.014 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 305GG UT WOS:000256165200003 PM 18395278 ER PT J AU Scharf, MT Mackiewicz, M Naidoo, N O'Callaghan, JP Pack, AI AF Scharf, Matthew T. Mackiewicz, Miroslaw Naidoo, Nirinjini O'Callaghan, James P. Pack, Allan I. TI AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in brain is dependent on method of killing and tissue preparation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMP-activated protein kinase; brain; microwave; phosphorylation ID FOCUSED MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; RAT-LIVER; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; UPSTREAM KINASE; ENERGY STRESS; CELL-GROWTH; FATTY-ACID; ELONGATION-FACTOR-2; EXPRESSION; FRACTIONS AB AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated when the catalytic alpha subunit is phosphorylated on Thr172 and therefore, phosphorylation of the alpha subunit is used as a measure of activation. However, measurement of alpha subunit of AMPK (alpha-AMPK) phosphorylation in vivo can be technically challenging. To determine the most accurate method for measuring alpha-AMPK phosphorylation in the mouse brain, we compared different methods of killing and tissue preparation. We found that freeze/thawing samples after homogenization on ice dramatically increased alpha-AMPK phosphorylation in mice killed by cervical dislocation. Killing of mice by focused microwave irradiation, which rapidly heats the brain and causes enzymatic inactivation, prevented the freeze/thaw-induced increase in alpha-AMPK phosphorylation and similar levels of phosphorylation were observed compared with mice killed with cervical dislocation without freeze/thawing of samples. Sonication of samples in hot 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate blocked the freeze/thaw-induced increase in alpha-AMPK phosphorylation, but phosphorylation was higher in mice killed by cervical dislocation compared with mice killed by focused microwave irradiation. These results demonstrate that alpha-AMPK phosphorylation is dependent on method of killing and tissue preparation and that alpha-AMPK phosphorylation can increase in a manner that does not reflect biological alterations. C1 [Scharf, Matthew T.; Mackiewicz, Miroslaw; Naidoo, Nirinjini; Pack, Allan I.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Resp Neurobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Scharf, Matthew T.; Pack, Allan I.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Neurosci Grad Grp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Callaghan, James P.] NIOSH, HELD TMBB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Scharf, MT (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Resp Neurobiol, Translat Res Bldg,Suite 2100,125 S 31st St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mscharf@mail.med.upenn.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-07953, T32 HL007953]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-17628, P01 AG017628] NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 105 IS 3 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05182.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 290RF UT WOS:000255139200023 PM 18088373 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Viveros, S Barquera, S Medina-Solis, CE Velazquez-Alva, MC Valdez, R AF Sanchez-Viveros, S. Barquera, S. Medina-Solis, C. E. Velazquez-Alva, M. C. Valdez, R. TI Association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension with anthropometric indicators in older adults: Results of the Mexican Health Survey, 2000 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; hypertension; obesity; elderly; Mexico ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; MASS INDEX; OBESITY; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To determine the association between anthropometric indicators of adiposity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) in older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study of participants of the Mexican Health Survey 2000 (MHS). Setting: Mexico, subjects recruited from the general community. Participants: The analytic sample included 7,322 adults who were >= 60 years of age at the time of the survey. T2DM data were available on 6,994 individuals, who represent 95.5% of the original sample; data on HTN was available on 6,268 subjects, which accounted for 86.5% of the original sample. Measurements: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as anthropometric indicators including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and conicity index (Cl). Results: The prevalence of T2DM and HTN in this age group was 34.3% and 73.9%, respectively. After adjusting for other variables, the association between high WC and T2DM (OR=1.59 95%CI=1.26-2.01, P <0.001) was stronger than the association with overweight (OR=1.26, 95%CI= 1.01-1.58, P=0.04) and obesity (OR=1.38, 95%CI= 1.08-1.79, P<0.01) using BMI, and slightly higher than tertile 2 of the CI (OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.20-1.88, P< 0.01), while tertile 3 showed a stronger association with T2DM (OR=1.60,95%CI=1.22-2.08,P<0.001). However, the association between obesity and HTN measured by BMI (OR=1.98, 95%CI=1.48-2.65, P< 0.001) was stronger than what was observed with overweight (OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.13-1.77, P<0.01), with high WC (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.25-2.10, P<0.001) and tertiles 2 and 3 of the CI (OR=1.23, 95%CI=0.99-1.55, P= 0.09); (OR=1.53, 95%CI= 1.16-2.03, P< 0.01) respectively. Conclusions: BMI and abdominal obesity are significantly and independently associated with an increase in the prevalence of T2DM and HTN among older Mexican adults. C1 [Barquera, S.] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Chron Dis & Diet Dept, Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. [Sanchez-Viveros, S.] Univ Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Medina-Solis, C. E.] Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. [Velazquez-Alva, M. C.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Valdez, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barquera, S (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Chron Dis & Diet Dept, Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, Av Univ 655 Col Sta Ma Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM sbarquera@insp.mx NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1007/BF02982664 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 307ZC UT WOS:000256357100008 PM 18443716 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Trout, D Zumwalde, RD Kuempel, E Geraci, CL Castranova, V Mundt, DJ Mundt, KA Halperin, WE AF Schulte, Paul A. Trout, Douglas Zumwalde, Ralph D. Kuempel, Eileen Geraci, Charles L. Castranova, Vincent Mundt, Diane J. Mundt, Kenneth A. Halperin, William E. TI Options for occupational health surveillance of workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles: State of the science SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER RISK; DIESEL EXHAUST; SURFACE-AREA; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE AB Objective: Health authorities, employers, and worker representatives are increasingly faced with making decisions about occupational health surveillance of workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles. This article was developed to identify options that can be considered. Methods: The published scientific literature on health effects from engineered and incidental nanoparticles and the principles of occupational health surveillance were reviewed to describe possible options and the evidence base for them. Results: Various options for occupational health surveillance were identified. The options ranged from no action targeted to nanotechnology workers to an approach that includes documentation of the presence of engineered nanoparticles, identification of potentially exposed workers, and general and targeted medical testing. Conclusions: Although the first priority should be to implement appropriate primary preventive measures, additional efforts to monitor employee health may be warranted. Continued research is needed, and the collection Of such information for exposure registries may be useful for future epidemiologic studies. C1 [Schulte, Paul A.; Trout, Douglas; Zumwalde, Ralph D.; Kuempel, Eileen; Geraci, Charles L.; Castranova, Vincent] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Halperin, William E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Mundt, Diane J.; Mundt, Kenneth A.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Amherst, MA USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 5 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816515f7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 301SG UT WOS:000255915300001 PM 18469620 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Glass, RI AF Parashar, Umesh D. Glass, Roger I. TI Rotavirus vaccination in Europe: The time has finally arrived SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccination; immunization ID INTUSSUSCEPTION; EFFICACY; GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE; SAFETY C1 [Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Glass, Roger I.] Natl Inst Hlth, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Branch, Mailstop A47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uparashar@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 SU 2 BP S21 EP S23 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31816f77b9 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 299TH UT WOS:000255777400003 PM 18460968 ER PT J AU Reis, JP Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Hipp, DA AF Reis, Jared P. Macera, Caroline A. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Hipp, Deborah A. TI Prevalence of Total Daily Walking Among US Adults, 2002-2003 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE surveillance; exercise; epidemiology; correlates AB Background: Walking for exercise is a popular leisure-time activity pursuit among US adults; however, little information is available about total daily walking. Methods: A nationally representative random sample of 10,461 US adults (4438 men and 6023 women) was surveyed via telephone between 2002 and 2003. Weekly frequency and daily duration of walking for all purposes in bouts of at least 10 min were measured. Regular walking was defined as walking >= 5 d/wk, >= 30 min/d. Results: Overall, 49% of adults (51% of men and 47% of women) were regular walkers, and approximately 17% reported no walking. Regular walking was significantly higher in employed adults and decreased with increasing age in women and body mass index in both sexes. Total walking was significantly higher among adults with lower levels of educational attainment and did not vary significantly by race/ethnicity. Conclusions: These results affirm the popularity of walking in the United States. C1 [Reis, Jared P.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ainsworth, Barbara E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Hipp, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Reis, JP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. FU PHS HHS [SIP-20-01, U48/CCU409664] NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 EI 1543-5474 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OY UT WOS:000208015300001 PM 18579913 ER PT J AU Hughes, JP McDowell, MA Brody, DJ AF Hughes, Jeffery P. McDowell, Margaret A. Brody, Debra J. TI Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among US Adults 60 or More Years of Age: Results From NHANES 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE LTPA; elderly; Healthy People 2010 ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLDER-ADULTS; MORTALITY; RISK; PREVENTION; AMERICAN; DISEASE; FITNESS; PEOPLE AB Background: We examined leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in US adults 60 or more years of age. After determining the prevalence of 3 levels of LTPA (no LTPA, < 150 minutes LTPA/wk, and >= 150 minutes of LTPA/wk), we examined the association of demographic variables and current health status with LTPA. Methods: Self-reported LTPA was examined by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, and self-reported health. Multiple logistic regression methods were used in the adjusted model. Results: Walking was the most frequently reported LTPA. Overall, 27% of adults achieved LTPA levels of 150 minutes or more per week. Male gender, younger age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, higher education attainment, higher income status, being married, and excellent self-reported health were associated with higher LTPA. The prevalence of no LTPA (52.5%) exceeded the Healthy People 2010 objective target of 20%. Conclusions: Our findings show that more than half of adults 60 or more years of age reported no LTPA and that levels of LTPA in the older population vary by demographic and health characteristics. C1 [Hughes, Jeffery P.; McDowell, Margaret A.; Brody, Debra J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, US Dept HHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hughes, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, US Dept HHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 347 EP 358 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OY UT WOS:000208015300002 PM 18579914 ER PT J AU Li, FZ Harmer, P Mack, KA Sleet, D Fisher, KJ Kohn, MA Millet, LM Xu, JH Yang, TZ Sutton, B Tompkins, Y AF Li, Fuzhong Harmer, Peter Mack, Karin A. Sleet, David Fisher, K. John Kohn, Melvin A. Millet, Lisa M. Xu, Junheng Yang, Tingzhong Sutton, Beth Tompkins, Yvaughn TI Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance-Development of a Community-Based Falls Prevention Program SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE elderly; Tai Chi; falls ID OLDER-ADULTS; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; EXERCISE; TRIALS; HEALTH AB Background: This study was designed to develop an evidence-and community-based falls prevention program-Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance. Methods: A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to develop a package of materials for program implementation and evaluation. The developmental work was conducted in 2 communities in the Pacific Northwest. Participants included a panel of experts, senior service program managers or activity coordinators, and older adults. Outcome measures involved program feasibility and satisfaction. Results: Through an iterative process, a program package was developed. The package contained an implementation plan and class training materials (ie, instructor's manual, videotape, and user's guidebook). Pilot testing of program materials showed that the content was appropriate for the targeted users (community-living older adults) and providers (local senior service organizations). A feasibility survey indicated interest and support from users and providers for program implementation. A 2-week pilot evaluation showed that the program implementation was feasible and evidenced good class attendance, high participant satisfaction, and interest in continuing Tai Chi. Conclusions: The package of materials developed in this study provides a solid foundation for larger scale implementation and evaluation of the program in community settings. C1 [Li, Fuzhong; Fisher, K. John] Oregon Res Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Harmer, Peter] Willamette Univ, Dept Exercise Sci, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Mack, Karin A.; Sleet, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30047 USA. [Kohn, Melvin A.; Millet, Lisa M.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Xu, Junheng] Coach Xu Inst, Federal Way, WA USA. [Yang, Tingzhong] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Sutton, Beth] Willamalane Adult Activ Ctr, Springfield, OR 97477 USA. [Tompkins, Yvaughn] Campbell Senior Ctr, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Li, FZ (reprint author), Oregon Res Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012; OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001; Li, Fuzhong/0000-0001-6644-4702 FU NCIPC CDC HHS [U49/CE000711] NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 8 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 445 EP 455 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OY UT WOS:000208015300009 PM 18579921 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, MM Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle M. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. TI Physical Activity Patterns Associated With Weight-Control Status: Differences by Race and Sex SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gender; ethnicity; exercise AB Background: Physical activity (PA) plays a major role in maintaining energy balance. We examined the patterns of occupational activity, strength training, and lifestyle PA (low, medium, high) by sex and race among persons trying to control their weight (lose weight, stay about the same, not trying to lose/not trying to stay about the same). Methods: Population data (N = 9258) from a nationwide telephone survey were collected to examine PA patterns. Domains of PA were analyzed by sex and race. Results: Of those trying to control their weight, approximately 24.0% engaged in strengthening activities 2 to 3 d/wk. Among those trying to lose weight, 48.2% versus 42.2% of men (White and non-White, respectively) and 40.4% versus 35.1% of women (White and non-White, respectively) reported high volumes of PA. Conclusions: PA patterns among persons trying to control their weight vary by sex and race. Adults trying to control their weight are encouraged to increase levels of PA. C1 [Kruger, Judy; Yore, Michelle M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ainsworth, Barbara E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [SIP-20-01, U48/CCU409664] NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 456 EP 468 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OY UT WOS:000208015300010 PM 18579922 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Wyckoff, SC Lin, CY Whitaker, DJ Sukalac, T Fowler, MG AF Miller, Kim S. Wyckoff, Sarah C. Lin, Carol Y. Whitaker, Daniel J. Sukalac, Thomas Fowler, Mary Glenn TI Pediatricians' Role and Practices Regarding Provision of Guidance about Sexual Risk Reduction to Parents SO JOURNAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Communication; Sexuality; Adolescents; Sexual risk reduction; Primary prevention AB A randomly selected nationally representative sample of 508 practicing pediatricians was surveyed in order to identify factors associated with physician delivery of primary prevention to parents about sexual risk reduction (SRR). A full 86% (n = 435) reported that provision of SRR guidance is equally or more important than other guidance provided to parents. Among the 435, only 121 (28%) provided SRR guidance to >75% of parents of their adolescent patients. Multivariate analyses revealed barriers of: lack of training, lack of request from parents, and awkwardness. To promote parent-child communication, physicians suggested high-quality brochures for parents (84%); a list of resources (74%); and tools to facilitate parent-child discussions (63%). Pediatricians and parents are important components of sexual risk prevention efforts for adolescents. Editors' Strategic Implications: The findings related to the perceived importance-but infrequent delivery-of SRR communication between pediatricians and parents of adolescents have implications for training and information dissemination in pediatric practices, as well as other health and reproductive health settings. C1 [Miller, Kim S.; Wyckoff, Sarah C.; Lin, Carol Y.; Whitaker, Daniel J.; Sukalac, Thomas; Fowler, Mary Glenn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent SE, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent SE, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmiller@cdc.gov RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0278-095X J9 J PRIM PREV JI J. Prim. Prev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10935-008-0137-9 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V13DY UT WOS:000207648700006 PM 18461458 ER PT J AU Rutt, C Dannenberg, AL Kochtitzky, C AF Rutt, Candace Dannenberg, Andrew L. Kochtitzky, Christopher TI Using policy and built environment interventions to improve public health SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY C1 [Rutt, Candace] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dannenberg, Andrew L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kochtitzky, Christopher] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rutt, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crutt@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290RQ UT WOS:000255140300004 PM 18408545 ER PT J AU Hollander, M Martin, SL Vehige, T AF Hollander, Marla Martin, Sarah Levin Vehige, Tammy TI The surveys are in! The role of local government in supporting active community design SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE active living; environmental policy; healthy community design; physical activity ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; URBAN AB Background: Recent studies detailing how the built environment affects health have found that land use and community design may have an impact on reducing sedentary lifestyles and increasing physical activity. Method: However, there is little information available about the attitudes of local officials and professional staff who often are directly responsible for making decisions about land use and community design. Results: This opportunistic study reports findings across five major surveys that investigated healthy community design knowledge, attitudes, and practice among local officials and professional staff. When possible, comparisons and contrasts of survey responses and policy implications are discussed. Conclusions: The sharing of these data across professions is an important step toward enhancing collaboration in the fields and in better understanding the needs of local leaders related to active living and healthy community design. C1 [Martin, Sarah Levin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Vehige, Tammy] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. RP Hollander, M (reprint author), MK2 Consulting, 6310 Huntington Dr, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 228 EP 237 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290RQ UT WOS:000255140300006 PM 18408547 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Lollar, DJ AF Jones, Sherry Everett Lollar, Donald J. TI Relationship between physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or conditions among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE risk behaviors; child and adolescent health; children with disabilities ID CHRONIC ILLNESS; ADOLESCENT; DISEASE; YOUTH; LIFE AB BACKGROUND: This study explores the relationship between self-reported physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or adverse health conditions (self-reported engagement in violent behaviors, attempted suicide, cigarette smoking, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, physical activity, dietary behaviors, self-reported overweight [based on height and weight], physical health, and mental health) among US high school students. METHODS: Data were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional paper-and-pencil survey collected from a representative sample of public and private high school students (grades 9 through 12) in the United States. RESULTS: Significantly more students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than without described their health as fair or poor and reported being in a physical fight, being forced to have sexual intercourse, feeling sad or hopeless, seriously considering and attempting suicide, cigarette smoking, using alcohol and marijuana, engaging in sexual activity, using computers 3 or more hours per day, and being overweight (for all, p <= .05). For none of the health risk behaviors analyzed were the rates significantly lower among students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than among other students. CONCLUSIONS: Young people who live with physical disabilities or long-term health problems may be at greater risk for poor health outcomes. Public health and school health programs, with guidance from health care providers, need to work with these adolescents and their families to develop and implement appropriate interventions, with particular emphasis on promoting mental health. C1 [Jones, Sherry Everett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lollar, Donald J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; dlollar@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00297.x PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 282ZI UT WOS:000254605800003 ER PT J AU Burton, NC Adhikari, A Iossifova, Y Grinshpun, SA Reponen, T AF Burton, Nancy Clark Adhikari, Atin Iossifova, Yulia Grinshpun, Sergey A. Reponen, Tiina TI Effect of gaseous chlorine dioxide on indoor microbial contaminants SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; REAL-TIME PCR; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; KILLING SALMONELLA; AIRBORNE ENDOTOXIN; HURRICANE-KATRINA; NEW-ORLEANS; FUNGI; MOLD AB Traditional and modern techniques for bioaerosol enumeration were used to evaluate the relative efficiency of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in reducing the indoor microbial contamination under field and laboratory conditions. The field study was performed in a highly microbially contaminated house, which had had an undetected roof leak for an extended period of time and exhibited large areas of visible microbial growth. Air concentrations of culturable fungi and bacteria, total fungi determined by microscopic count and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, endotoxin, and (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan were determined before and after the house was tented and treated with ClO2. The laboratory study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of ClO2 treatment against known concentrations of spores of Aspergillus versicolor and Stacliybotrys chartarum on filter paper (surrogate for surface treatment). These species are commonly found in damp indoor environments and were detected in the field study. Upon analysis of the environmental data from the treated house, it was found that the culturable bacteria and fungi as well as total count of fungi (as determined by microscopic count and PCR) were decreased at least 85% after the ClO2 application. However, microscopic analyses of tape samples collected from surfaces after treatment showed that the fungal structures were still present on surfaces. There was no statistically significant change in airborne endotoxin and (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in the field study. The laboratory study supported these results and showed a nonsignificant increase in the concentration of (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan after ClO2 treatment. C1 [Burton, Nancy Clark] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Burton, Nancy Clark; Adhikari, Atin; Iossifova, Yulia; Grinshpun, Sergey A.; Reponen, Tiina] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Burton, NC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM NBurton@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.647 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300EN UT WOS:000255807200008 PM 18512442 ER PT J AU Wu, XC Richardson, LC Kahn, AR Fulton, JP Cress, RD Shen, TF Wolf, HJ Bolick-Aldrich, S Chen, VW AF Wu, Xiaocheng Richardson, Lisa C. Kahn, Amy R. Fulton, John P. Cress, Rosemary D. Shen, Tiefu Wolf, Holly J. Bolick-Aldrich, Susan Chen, Vivien W. TI Survival difference between non-hispanic black and non-hispanic white women with localized breast cancer: The impact of guideline-concordant therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; chemotherapy; race/ethnicity; survival; cancer ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RADIATION-THERAPY; OLDER WOMEN; STAGE; RACE; CARCINOMA; DISPARITIES; PATTERNS; PHYSICIANS AB This manuscript is written on behalf of the Patterns of Care Study Group. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. Objectives: This study examined the impact of guideline-concordant therapy on the survival difference between non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women with localized breast cancer. Methods: Data analyzed were from the CDC's NPCR Patterns of Care study in which seven population-based state cancer registries participated. We randomly selected 2,362 women who were diagnosed with a first primary localized breast cancer in 1997. Data were abstracted from hospital records, supplemented by information from physician offices and by linkages with state vital records and the National Death Index database. Results: NHB women were more likely than NHW women to receive breast conserving surgery without radiation therapy. In addition, the percentage of NHB women with hormone receptor-positive tumors who received hormonal therapy was lower than that of NHW women. Among those with a tumor size >3 cm, NHB women were more likely than NHW women to receive multiagent chemotherapy. After controlling for age, the risk of dying from all causes of death was 2.35 times as high for NHB women compared to NHW women. Controlling for treatment further reduced black-white difference in survival with adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: NHB women were less likely than NHW women to receive guideline-concordant radiation therapy after breast conserving therapy and hormonal therapy but were more likely to receive chemotherapy. Racial differences in treatment contribute significantly to the worse survival of NHB women compared with NHW women. C1 [Wu, Xiaocheng; Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Program Epidemiol,Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kahn, Amy R.] New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Canc Registry, Albany, NY USA. [Fulton, John P.] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Rhode Isl Canc Registry, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Cress, Rosemary D.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Canc Registry, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Shen, Tiefu] Illinois State Dept Publ Hlth, Illinois State Canc Registry, Springfield, IL USA. [Wolf, Holly J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Wolf, Holly J.] Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Bolick-Aldrich, Susan] Publ Hlth Stat & Informat Serv, S Carolina Cent Canc Registry, S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC USA. RP Wu, XC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Program Epidemiol,Sch Publ Hlth, 1615 Poydras St,Suite 1400, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM xwu@lsuhsc.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 490 EP 498 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 301IZ UT WOS:000255890900002 PM 18507201 ER PT J AU Neri, AJ Cramer, EH Vaughan, GH Vinje, J Mainzer, HM AF Neri, Antonio J. Cramer, Elaine H. Vaughan, George H. Vinje, Jan Mainzer, Hugh M. TI Passenger behaviors during norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference CY APR 16-20, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA ID HAND HYGIENE; ILLNESS; GASTROENTERITIS; KNOWLEDGE; PERSONNEL; EFFICACY; WASH AB Background. Norovirus causes a majority of outbreaks of gastrointestinal (GI) illness on cruise ships calling on the United States. Control measures include patient isolation, hand washing, and facility closure. Little is known about the behaviors and practices of people who have become ill with norovirus GI illness compared to those who remained well during an outbreak. Methods. Passenger surveys were distributed during three cruise ship outbreaks caused by norovirus. Surveys inquired about illness symptoms, ill contacts, illness reporting status, hand sanitation beliefs and practices, and availability of public hand sanitizer. A case was a passenger reporting three or more episodes of loose stool in a 24-hour period, three or more episodes of vomiting in a 24-hour period, or one or more episodes each of loose stool and vomiting in a 24-hour period. Controls reported that they were not ill during the cruise. Results. In total, 1,323 responses were compared. All ships had passengers who were ill prior to embarkation. Most cases delayed or did not report their illness to the ship's infirmary because they did not believe it was serious (43%-70% of responses). Cases were less likely to believe that isolation was effective in preventing disease spread [Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) p value < 0.0001]. Cases were less likely to believe that hand washing or hand sanitizer are effective means of preventing disease spread (MWW p values 0.002 and 0.04, respectively), wash their hands after restroom use (MWW p value 0.02), or believe that hand sanitizer was available for public use prior to/after knowing about an outbreak (MWW p values 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions. Prevention and control of norovirus GI illness may be improved by routine screening of embarking passengers, education about GI illness and its impact on public health, a focus on improving hand-washing practices, and identification of public hand sanitizer dispensing locations. C1 [Neri, Antonio J.; Mainzer, Hugh M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cramer, Elaine H.; Vaughan, George H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vinje, Jan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Natl Calicivirus Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Neri, AJ (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aneri@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00199.x PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 304HZ UT WOS:000256101900005 PM 18494694 ER PT J AU Chimonas, MAR Vaughan, GH Andre, Z Ames, JT Tarling, GA Beard, S Widdowson, MA Cramer, E AF Chimonas, Marc-Andre R. Vaughan, George H. Andre, Zandra Ames, Jaret T. Tarling, Grant A. Beard, Suzanne Widdowson, Marc-Alain Cramer, Elaine TI Passenger behaviors associated with norovirus infection on board a cruise ship - Alaska, May to June 2004 SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; BLOOD GROUP TYPE; GASTROENTERITIS ABOARD; RISK-MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; OUTBREAKS; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT AB Background. During May 2004, the Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP) investigated an outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis on board a cruise ship sailing in Alaska waters. The objectives were to identify a common food item source and explore behavioral risk factors for person-to-person transmission among passengers. Methods. A case was defined as three or more episodes of loose stools within 24 hours or two or fewer episodes of loose stools accompanied by one or more episodes of vomiting. Vomitus and stool samples from affected passengers were tested for norovirus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Environmental health officers performed an environmental investigation following VSP protocol. Questionnaires about food items consumed and behavioral risk factors were placed in cabin mailboxes (n = 2,018). A case-control study design using multivariable logistic regression tested associations between risk factors and disease. Results. A total of 359 passengers (24.1% of respondents) met the case definition. Four of seven clinical specimens tested positive for norovirus. No significant deficiencies in environmental health practices were identified, and no meal servings were associated with disease. Having a cabin mate sick with diarrhea or vomiting [odds ratio (OR): 3.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.80-6.44] and using a specific women's toilet that was contaminated with vomit (OR: 5.13; 95% CI = 1.40-18.78) were associated with disease. Washing hands before meals was protective (OR: 0.25; 95% CI = 0.12-0.54) against disease. Conclusions. Widespread person-to-person norovirus outbreaks can occur on board cruise ships, even with appropriate environmental health practices. Programs to prevent and control norovirus outbreaks on board cruise ships should involve strategies that disrupt person-to-person spread and emphasize hand washing. C1 [Chimonas, Marc-Andre R.] State Alaska, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. [Chimonas, Marc-Andre R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vaughan, George H.; Andre, Zandra; Ames, Jaret T.; Cramer, Elaine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vaughan, George H.; Ames, Jaret T.; Cramer, Elaine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tarling, Grant A.] P&O Princess Cruises Int, Santa Clarita, CA USA. [Beard, Suzanne; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chimonas, MAR (reprint author), Arbor Occupat Med, 290 Nickel St 200, Broomfield, CO 80020 USA. EM mchimonas@msn.com OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00200.x PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 304HZ UT WOS:000256101900006 PM 18494695 ER PT J AU Jorba, J Campagnoli, R De, L Kew, O AF Jorba, Jaume Campagnoli, Ray De, Lina Kew, Olen TI Calibration of multiple poliovirus molecular clocks covering an extended evolutionary range SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; WILD POLIOVIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; VIRUS EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AB We have calibrated five different molecular clocks for circulating poliovirus based upon the rates of fixation of total substitutions (K-t), synonymous substitutions (K-s), synonymous transitions (A(s)), synonymous transversions (B-s), and nonsynonymous substitutions (K-a) into the P1/capsid region (2,643 nucleotides). Rates were determined over a 10-year period by analysis of sequences of 31 wild poliovirus type 1 isolates representing a well-defined phylogeny derived from a common imported ancestor. Similar rates were obtained by linear regression, the maximum likelihood/single-rate dated-tip method, and Bayesian inference. The very rapid K-t [(1.03 +/- 0.10) x 10(-2) substitutions/site/year] and K-s [(1.00 +/- 0.08) x 10(-2)] clocks were driven primarily by the A(s) clock [(0.96 +/- 0.09) x 10(-2)], the B-s clock was similar to 10-fold slower [(0.10 +/- 0.03) x 10(-2)], and the more stochastic K-a clock was similar to 30-fold slower [ (0.03 +/- 0.01) x 10(-2)]. Nonsynonymous substitutions at all P1/capsid sites, including the neutralizing antigenic sites, appeared to be constrained by purifying selection. Simulation of the evolution of third-codon positions suggested that saturation of synonymous transitions would be evident at 10 years and complete at similar to 65 years of independent transmission. Saturation of synonymous transversions was predicted to be minimal at 20 years and incomplete at 100 years. The rapid evolution of the K-t, K-s, and A(s) clocks can be used to estimate the dates of divergence of closely related viruses, whereas the slower B-s and K-a clocks may be used to explore deeper evolutionary relationships within and across poliovirus genotypes. C1 [Jorba, Jaume; Campagnoli, Ray; De, Lina; Kew, Olen] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorba, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JJorba@cdc.gov NR 98 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4429 EP 4440 DI 10.1128/JVI.02354-07 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 289WM UT WOS:000255084600023 PM 18287242 ER PT J AU Meisner, J Szretter, KJ Bradley, KC Langley, WA Li, ZN Lee, BJ Thoennes, S Martin, J Skehel, JJ Russell, RJ Katz, JM Steinhauer, DA AF Meisner, Jeffrey Szretter, Kristy J. Bradley, Konrad C. Langley, William A. Li, Zhu-Nan Lee, Byeong-Jae Thoennes, Sudha Martin, Javier Skehel, John J. Russell, Rupert J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Steinhauer, David A. TI Infectivity studies of influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site mutants in mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; A VIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; EGG-ADAPTATION; B VIRUSES; SPECIFICITY; REPLICATION; HOST; GALACTOSE; RECOGNITION AB The replicative properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin (RA) mutants with altered receptor binding characteristics were analyzed following intranasal inoculation of mice. Among the mutants examined was a virus containing a Y98F substitution at a conserved position in the receptor binding site that leads to a 20-fold reduction in binding. This mutant can replicate as well as wild-type (WT) virus in MDCK cells and in embryonated chicken eggs but is highly attenuated in mice, exhibiting titers in lungs more than 1,000-fold lower than those of the WT. The capacity of the Y98F mutant to induce antibody responses and the structural locations of HA reversion mutations are examined. C1 [Steinhauer, David A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Szretter, Kristy J.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] CDC, Influenza Branch MS G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Martin, Javier] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Blanche Lane, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Skehel, John J.] Natl Inst Med Res, London NW7 1AA, England. [Russell, Rupert J.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. RP Steinhauer, DA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM steinhauer@microbio.emory.edu OI Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117512711]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI66870, HHSN266200700006C, R13 AI066870]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200700006C] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 10 BP 5079 EP 5083 DI 10.1128/JVI.01958-07 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 297MA UT WOS:000255619600037 PM 18353965 ER PT J AU Nilsson, EC Jamshidi, F Johansson, SAC Oberste, MS Arnberg, N AF Nilsson, Emma C. Jamshidi, Fariba Johansson, Susanne A. C. Oberste, M. Steven Arnberg, Niklas TI Sialic acid is a cellular receptor for coxsackievirus a24 variant, an emerging virus with pandemic potential (vol 82, pg 3061, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Umea Univ, Div Virol, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nilsson, EC (reprint author), Umea Univ, Div Virol, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. RI Arnberg, Niklas/G-2663-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 10 BP 5115 EP 5115 DI 10.1128/JVI.00615-08 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 297MA UT WOS:000255619600044 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Strine, TW Vachirasudlekha, S Mokdad, AH Anderson, LA AF McGuire, Lisa C. Strine, Tara W. Vachirasudlekha, Stephanie Mokdad, Ali H. Anderson, Lynda A. TI The prevalence of depression in older US women: 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; PRIME-MD; PHQ-9; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; UTILITY; VALIDATION; MORTALITY; SYMPTOMS AB Depression, a type of mood disorder, is associated with psychological distress and suffering, and it can lead to impairments in physical, mental, and social functioning. The goal of this commentary is to provide an estimate of the prevalence of current depression and lifetime diagnosis for 14,425 community-dwelling U. S. women aged 65 and older. Using information from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), participants reported their lifetime diagnosis of depression and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 to assess current depression and its severity. Our findings indicate that 5.9% of women 65 years old and older have current depression, 94.1% reported either no depressive symptoms or mild depressive symptoms, and 12.3% reported a lifetime diagnosis of depression. Mental health is integral to overall health and well-being and should be treated in older women with the same urgency as physical health. Depression is a mental health issue of particular concern for women, given their increasing numbers, higher proportion in the US population, and role as caregivers. Continued surveillance from a system such as the BRFSS is needed to track changes in the mental health of older adults. C1 [McGuire, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Healthy Aging Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Healthy Aging Program, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.0815 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 307GZ UT WOS:000256308700001 PM 18447758 ER PT J AU Buekens, P Almendares, O Carlier, Y Dumonteil, E Eberhard, M Gamboa-Leon, R James, M Padilla, N Wesson, D Xiong, X AF Buekens, Pierre Almendares, Olivia Carlier, Yves Dumonteil, Eric Eberhard, Mark Gamboa-Leon, Rubi James, Mark Padilla, Nicolas Wesson, Dawn Xiong, Xu TI Mother-to-child transmission of Chagas' disease in North America: Why don't we do more? SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Chagas disease; infant; pregnancy; Trypanosoma cruzi ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; AUTOCHTHONOUS TRANSMISSION; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; BLOOD-DONORS; MEXICO; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; MORBIDITY AB Objectives Mothers with Chagas' disease can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi to their fetuses, who often become carriers of the infection and are then at risk of developing severe cardiac disease later in the course of their lives. If identified early enough after birth, the infected newborns can be treated and cured. Our objective was to review the data available in Canada, Mexico, and the United States and to discuss the need for prevention programs. Methods We reviewed the literature and estimated the number of seropositive mothers and newborns infected by T. cruzi. Results We estimate that about 40,000 pregnant women and 2,000 newborns are likely to be infected by T. cruzi in North America. We have not identified any ongoing prevention programs. Conclusions Mother-to-child transmission of T. cruzi has all the characteristics required to be a public health priority, as it is relatively frequent, severe, identifiable, and treatable. In reality, it is a neglected disease and a missed opportunity. It is urgent to better understand the epidemiology of mother-to-child transmission of T. cruzi in North America and to develop effective prevention programs. C1 [Buekens, Pierre; Almendares, Olivia; Carlier, Yves; Dumonteil, Eric; Eberhard, Mark; Wesson, Dawn; Xiong, Xu] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Carlier, Yves] Free Univ Brussels, Dept Parasitol, Sch Med, Brussels, Belgium. [Dumonteil, Eric; Gamboa-Leon, Rubi] Autonomous Univ Yucatan, Hideyo Noguchi Reg Res Ctr, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. [Eberhard, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Padilla, Nicolas] Univ Guanajuato, Sch Nursing & Obstet Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. RP Buekens, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2430, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM pbuekens@tulane.edu OI Dumonteil, Eric/0000-0001-9376-0209 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0246-8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 285DM UT WOS:000254757500001 PM 17602289 ER PT J AU McDonald, JA Suellentrop, K Paulozzi, LJ Morrow, B AF McDonald, Jill A. Suellentrop, Katherine Paulozzi, Leonard J. Morrow, Brian TI Reproductive health of the rapidly growing Hispanic population: Data from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2002 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE reproductive health characteristics; Hispanic; pregnancy; PRAMS; acculturation; immigration ID UNITED-STATES-BORN; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; US-BORN; PRETERM DELIVERY; WOMEN; ACCULTURATION; IMMIGRANTS; INSURANCE; OUTCOMES; PARADOX AB Objectives One in five US babies are Hispanic, and many Hispanics are recent immigrants. This study's goal is to compare reproductive health characteristics between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) mothers and to determine whether those characteristics differ by Hispanic birth increases. Methods State-based Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2002 data were used to compare Hispanic and NHW mothers of live-born infants overall and in tertiles of states with the highest and lowest Hispanic birth increases during 1998-2002. We calculated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR) for each characteristic for Hispanics (N = 5,104) relative to NHWs (N = 22,608) and conducted t-tests to compare the RRs in high and low tertile groups. Results Hispanic mothers are younger, of lower socioeconomic status, and less likely to receive early prenatal care. They smoke and drink less, breastfeed their infants more often, and report less preterm labor and hypertension during pregnancy, but may be at greater risk of gestational diabetes. When compared to states with smallest birth increases, Hispanics in states with the largest increases are more likely than NHWs to report healthy behavior, e.g., continued breastfeeding and normal BMI. However, they are more likely to report late prenatal care, hospitalization during pregnancy, and low socioeconomic status. A lower risk of hypertension is reported only by Hispanics in states with small birth increases. Conclusions Reproductive health characteristics among Hispanic and NHW women differ, but Hispanic women more closely resemble NHW women in states with small increases in Hispanic births. Percent increase in Hispanic births may be a useful measure for states planning future program needs among Hispanic women and infants. C1 [McDonald, Jill A.; Morrow, Brian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Suellentrop, Katherine] Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McDonald, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezm5@cdc.gov; ksuellentrop@teenpregnancy.org; LBP4@cdc.gov; BXM0@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 342 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0244-x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 285DM UT WOS:000254757500008 PM 17592761 ER PT J AU Fowler, CI Gavin, NI Adams, EK Tao, GY Chireau, M AF Fowler, Christina I. Gavin, Norma I. Adams, E. Kathleen Tao, Guoyu Chireau, Monique TI Racial and ethnic disparities in prenatal syphilis screening among women with medicaid-covered deliveries in Florida SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prenatal syphilis screening; congenital syphilis; maternal syphilis; medicaid; claims data ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; HEALTH-CARE; PREVENTION; INSURANCE; PARTICIPATION; OPPORTUNITIES; QUALITY AB Objectives Black and Hispanic infants are 19.9 and 10.3 times more likely, respectively, than white infants to develop congenital syphilis (CS), a disease that is preventable with timely prenatal screening and treatment. We examined racial/ethnic group differences in prenatal syphilis screening among pregnant women with equal financial access to prenatal care through Medicaid. Methods We used Florida claims data to examine any, early, and repeat screening among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic women with Medicaid-covered deliveries in FY1995 (n = 56,088) and FY2000 (n = 54,073). We estimated screening rates for each group, and used logistic regression to assess whether screening disparities remained after controlling for other factors, including Medicaid enrollment characteristics and prenatal care source, and associations between access-related factors and screening odds for each group. Results Between FY1995 and FY2000, rates of any and early syphilis screening increased, while repeat screening rates decreased. In FY1995, any, early, and repeat rates were highest for blacks and lowest for Hispanics. In FY2000, any and early screening rates were highest for whites and lowest for blacks, while repeat screening rates were similar across groups. Racial/ethnic differences in any and early screening remained for non-Hispanic blacks after adjustment. In general, Medicaid enrollment early in pregnancy, primary care case management participation, and use of a safety net clinic were associated with higher screening odds, though results varied by test type and across groups. Conclusions Unexplained racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal syphilis screening remain for blacks, but not Hispanics. Individual, provider, and program factors contribute to differences across and within groups. C1 [Fowler, Christina I.; Gavin, Norma I.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Adams, E. Kathleen] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tao, Guoyu] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chireau, Monique] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Fowler, CI (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cfowler@rti.org; gavin@rti.org; eadam01@sph.emory.edu; gat3@cdc.gov; monique.chireau@duke.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 378 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0247-7 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 285DM UT WOS:000254757500012 PM 17636459 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Brooks, J Brown, DR Buchner, DM AF Carlson, Susan A. Brooks, Joseph (Jody) Brown, David R. Buchner, David M. TI Community Parks: Usage, Barriers, and Activities SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Brooks, Joseph (Jody); Brown, David R.; Buchner, David M.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clo3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S28 EP S29 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321570.65166.0e PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901110 ER PT J AU Dick, RW Hootman, JM Agel, J Marshall, SW AF Dick, Randall W. Hootman, Jennifer M. Agel, Julie Marshall, Stephen W. TI Concussion Rates and Gender in NCAA Competitions SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dick, Randall W.] NCAA, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Agel, Julie] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Marshall, Stephen W.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S231 EP S231 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322493.95532.98 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902252 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Carlson, SA Kohl, HW Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, Janet E. Carlson, Susan A. Kohl, Harold W., III Caspersen, Carl J. TI Physical Activity Intensity And All-cause Mortality: National Health Interview Survey Mortality Follow-up Study, 1990-2002 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fulton, Janet E.; Carlson, Susan A.; Kohl, Harold W., III; Caspersen, Carl J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S34 EP S34 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321594.94768.52 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901131 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Dick, R Marshall, S Agel, J AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Dick, Randall Marshall, Stephen Agel, Julie TI An Evaluation of Select Rule and Policy Changes on Injury Rates in 3 NCAA Sports SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kennesaw, GA USA. [Marshall, Stephen] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dick, Randall] Natl Coll Athlet Assoc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Agel, Julie] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S233 EP S233 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322498.48898.c2 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902257 ER PT J AU Miles, IJ Liao, YL Kruger, J Fulton, JE Kohl, HW AF Miles, Isa J. Liao, Youlian Kruger, Judy Fulton, Janet E. Kohl, H. W., III TI Changes in Walking Among African American Adults Following a Community-Based Physical Activity Intervention: REACH 2010, 2001-2006 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miles, Isa J.; Liao, Youlian; Kruger, Judy; Fulton, Janet E.; Kohl, H. W., III] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM imiles@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S22 EP S22 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321542.35419.a7 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901085 ER PT J AU Gao, R Price, DK Sissung, T Reed, E Figg, WD AF Gao, Rui Price, Douglas K. Sissung, Tristan Reed, Eddie Figg, William D. TI Ethnic disparities in Americans of European descent versus Americans of African descent related to polymorphic ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1, and PARP1 SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; CELL LUNG-CANCER; PLATINUM-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY; ADVANCED COLORECTAL-CANCER; DNA-REPAIR; BREAST-CANCER; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; PROSTATE-CANCER; BASE EXCISION; ANTICANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AB Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) pathways are DNA repair pathways that are important in carcinogenesis and in response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. ERCC1 and ERCC2 are important molecular markers for NER; XRCC1 and PARP1 are important molecular markers for BER. Functional polymorphisms have been described that are associated with altered expression levels of these genes and with altered DNA repair capability. We assayed genomic DNA from 156 Americans of European descent and 164 Americans of African descent for the allelic frequencies of specific polymorphisms of ERCC1 N118N (500C>T), ERCC1 C8092A, ERCC2 K751Q (2282A > C), XRCC1 R399Q (11301 G > A), XRCC1 R194W (685C>T), and PARP1 V762A (2446T>C). Differences were observed between Americans of European descent and Americans of African descent in the allelic frequencies of the ERCC1 N118N polymorphism (P < 0.000001). Differences were also observed between these two ethnic groups for ERCC2 K751Q (P = < 0.006675), XRCC1 R399Q (P < 0.000001), and PARP1 V762A (P = 0.000001). The ERCC 1 N118N polymorphic variant that is seen most commonly in Americans of European descent is associated with a measurable reduction in NER function. ERCC1-mediated reduction in NER functionality affects the repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions. C1 [Gao, Rui; Price, Douglas K.; Figg, William D.] NCI, Mol Pharmacol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sissung, Tristan; Figg, William D.] NCI, Clin Pharmacol Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Figg, William D.] NCI, Med Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Rui] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reed, Eddie] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reed, Eddie] Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Figg, WD (reprint author), NCI, Mol Pharmacol Sect, NIH, Room 5A01,Bldg 10,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wdfigg@helix.nih.gov RI Mendez, Pedro /J-8955-2016; Figg Sr, William/M-2411-2016 OI Mendez, Pedro /0000-0001-6713-7907; FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC010627-05] NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1246 EP 1250 DI 10.1168/1535-7163.MCT-07-2206 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 301RS UT WOS:000255913900026 PM 18483312 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Brown, MB Padhi, A Foster, JE Moore, AT Pfeffer, M Komar, N AF Brown, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Padhi, Abinash Foster, Jerome E. Moore, Amy T. Pfeffer, Martin Komar, Nicholas TI Host and vector movement affects genetic diversity and spatial structure of Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; arbovirus; bird movement; Buggy Creek virus; cliff swallow; genetic diversity; Oeciacus vicarius; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota; spatial structure; swallow bug ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; OECIACUS-VICARIUS; SINDBIS-VIRUS; COLONIAL BIRD; GROUP-SIZE; ENCEPHALITIS; EVOLUTION AB Determining the degree of genetic variability and spatial structure of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may help in identifying where strains that potentially cause epidemics or epizootics occur. Genetic diversity in arboviruses is assumed to reflect relative mobility of their vertebrate hosts (and invertebrate vectors), with highly mobile hosts such as birds leading to genetic similarity of viruses over large areas. There are no empirical studies that have directly related host or vector movement to virus genetic diversity and spatial structure. Using the entire E2 glycoprotein-coding region of 377 Buggy Creek virus isolates taken from cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius), the principal invertebrate vector for this virus, we show that genetic diversity between sampling sites could be predicted by the extent of movement by transient cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) between nesting colonies where the virus and vectors occur. Pairwise F-ST values between colony sites declined significantly with increasing likelihood of a swallow moving between those sites per 2-day interval during the summer nesting season. Sites with more bird movement between them had virus more similar genetically than did pairs of sites with limited or no bird movement. For one virus lineage, Buggy Creek virus showed greater haplotype and nucleotide diversity at sites that had high probabilities of birds moving into or through them during the summer; these sites likely accumulated haplotypes by virtue of frequent virus introductions by birds. Cliff swallows probably move Buggy Creek virus by transporting infected bugs on their feet. The results provide the first empirical demonstration that genetic structure of an arbovirus is strongly associated with host/vector movement, and suggest caution in assuming that bird-dispersed arboviruses always have low genetic differentiation across different sites. C1 [Brown, Charles R.; Brown, Mary Bomberger; Padhi, Abinash; Foster, Jerome E.; Moore, Amy T.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Pfeffer, Martin] Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. [Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI057569] NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2164 EP 2173 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03747.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 290RK UT WOS:000255139700007 PM 18373533 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, A Harley, K Bradman, A Johnson, C Barr, D AF Eskenazi, Brenda Marks, Amy Harley, Kim Bradman, Asa Johnson, Caroline Barr, Dana TI Organophosphate exposure and neurodevelopment in a Mexican American farmworker population: The CHAMACOS study SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc C1 [Eskenazi, Brenda; Marks, Amy; Harley, Kim; Bradman, Asa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barr, Dana] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Marks, Amy/0000-0002-3047-5379 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS9 BP 245 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.012 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100020 ER PT J AU Nelson, JP Pederson, LL AF Nelson, Jenenne P. Pederson, Linda L. TI Military tobacco use: A synthesis of the literature on prevalence, factors related to use, and cessation interventions SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID AIR-FORCE RECRUITS; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; SMOKING PREVALENCE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA; BASIC TRAINEES; PRIMARY-CARE; ACTIVE-DUTY; POPULATION AB Tobacco use remains the number one cause of preventable morbidity and premature death in the United States. As a result, military leaders are recognizing that tobacco can adversely affect military fitness levels, deployment readiness, and safety and can increase health care costs. Yet military members continue to use tobacco. Tobacco may be viewed as part of the military culture since military members have used tobacco for many decades for pleasure, comfort, and currency and as a morale booster. Most recently, the military has seen an increase in tobacco use among young military members. A number of research studies have examined the prevalence of tobacco and factors related to use in the military, and several have evaluated cessation and prevention interventions. This article provides a brief historical perspective of military tobacco use in the 20th century and a critical review of the literature published between 1991 and 2006 describing prevalence of tobacco use, factors influencing use, and cessation interventions in the military. Recommendations for future research and for interventions are provided. C1 [Nelson, Jenenne P.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Pederson, Linda L.] Ctr Dis Control, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, JP (reprint author), 375 Scrub Oak Circle, Monument, CO 80132 USA. EM jnelson@uccs.edu NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1080/14622200802027123 PG 16 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303QP UT WOS:000256055900003 PM 18569751 ER PT J AU Nannini, A Lazar, J Berg, C Barger, M Tomashek, K Cabral, H Barfield, W Kotelchuck, M AF Nannini, Angela Lazar, Jane Berg, Cynthia Barger, Mary Tomashek, Kay Cabral, Howard Barfield, Wanda Kotelchuck, Milton TI Physical injuries reported on hospital visits for assault during the pregnancy-associated period SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE assault; injuries; postpartum period; pregnancy violence ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; TRAUMA; WOMEN; OUTCOMES; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Background. Violence is a recognized health risk to the mother, fetus, and infant during pregnancy and first-year postpartum (pregnancy-associated period). Although homicide is a leading cause of injury death among pregnant and postpartum women, the continuum of violence-related physical injuries that women sustain during this period has not been studied systematically. Objective: To describe the patterns of physical injuries reported on hospital visits for assault during pregnancy and the post-partum period for a population cohort of Massachusetts women. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design with linked Massachusetts natality and hospital data from 2001 through 2005, 1,468 women (0.9%) who had 1,675 hospital visits (emergency department, observation, and inpatient) for assault were identified. Of these visits, 1,528 visits had at least one physical injury diagnostic code (800-999) from the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM). Applying a modified Barell injury diagnosis matrix that uses the ICD-9 CM injury codes, the first physical injury noted for each visit was classified by body region and nature of injury. Then, the distributions of physical injuries by body region and nature of injury during pregnancy, postpartum, and overall pregnancy-associated periods are described. Also listed are those physical injuries reported in more than 5% of hospital visits for assault during either pregnancy or postpartum period. Results: Of the 1,528 hospital visits for assault with physical injury, the head and neck were the most frequently injured body regions overall (42.2%). The percentage of torso injuries during pregnancy was more than twice that in the postpartum period (21.5% vs. 8.7%). The leading physical injury during both pregnancy (25.4%) and the postpartum (23.1%) period was superficial or contusion to the head and neck. Other common injuries differed by period. Discussion: Patterns of physical injuries reported on hospital visits for assault for a population cohort provide information that could prove helpful in intervention programs. C1 [Nannini, Angela; Lazar, Jane] Northeastern Univ, Sch Nursing, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Berg, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barger, Mary; Kotelchuck, Milton] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tomashek, Kay] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. [Barfield, Wanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Epidemiol Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nannini, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Nursing, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, 106D Robinson Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM a.nannini@neu.edu FU PHS HHS [200-2006-M-15729, S3485-23/24] NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1097/01.NNR.0000319502.97864.0e PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 302YB UT WOS:000256004900004 PM 18496099 ER PT J AU Gregory, CO Blanck, HM Gillespie, C Maynard, LM Serdula, MK AF Gregory, Cria O. Blanck, Heidi M. Gillespie, Cathleen Maynard, L. Michele Serdula, Mary K. TI Health perceptions and demographic characteristics associated with underassessment of body weight SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; MASS INDEX; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; IMAGE; MORTALITY; HEIGHT; FAT; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DETERMINANTS AB objectives: To describe the relationship between BMI and perceived weight status and to determine how underassessment of weight status is associated with demographic characteristics, self-reported general health, and perceived health risk in relation to one's body weight. Methods and Procedures: In the 2004 Styles surveys, 3,888 US adult participants described their current weight status (underweight, about right, slightly overweight, very overweight), which we compared with self-reported BMI in order to determine concordance. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between underassessment of body weight and characteristics of interest. Results: Among persons with a BMI >= 25, women were more likely than men to recognize their overweight status (slightly or very overweight; 93.0% of women vs. 73.5% of men) and the extent to which they were overweight: 70.4% of obese women vs. 49.5% of obese men described themselves as very overweight. Among the overweight and obese of both sexes, disagreement with regard to current weight as a health risk was associated with underassessment of weight. Additional factors associated with underassessment were education and race/ethnicity among overweight women; race/ethnicity among overweight men; household income and self-rated health among obese women; and self-rated health among obese men (P < 0.05). Discussion: While most of the obese participants recognized that they were overweight, many of them, particularly among the men, did not realize the extent to which they were overweight. Public health messages may be more effective if they are specifically tailored to target audiences, besides emphasizing the health risks associated with excess body weight. C1 [Gregory, Cria O.; Blanck, Heidi M.; Serdula, Mary K.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Natl & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blanck, Heidi M.; Gillespie, Cathleen; Maynard, L. Michele; Serdula, Mary K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Natl & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM hblanck@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.22 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 297DP UT WOS:000255597600009 PM 18309300 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Wang, J Thornton, JC Mei, ZG Pierson, RN Dietz, WH Horlick, M AF Freedman, David S. Wang, Jack Thornton, John C. Mei, Zuguo Pierson, Richard N., Jr. Dietz, William H. Horlick, Mary TI Racial/ethnic differences in body fatness among children and adolescents SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; UNITED-STATES; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; ETHNIC-GROUPS; INDEX; BONE; OVERWEIGHT; BLACK; PERCENTAGE AB Background: Although the BMI is widely used as a measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, and its association with body fatness may differ across racial or ethnic groups. Objective: To determine whether differences in body fatness between white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children vary by BMI-for-age, and whether the accuracy of overweight (BMI-for-age >= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 95th percentile) as an indicator of excess adiposity varies by race/ethnicity. Methods and Procedures: Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided estimates of %body fat among 1,104 healthy 5-to 18-year-olds. Results: At equivalent levels of BMI-for-age, black children had less (mean, 3%) body fatness than white children, and Asian girls had slightly higher (1%) levels of % body fat than white girls. These differences, however, varied by BMI-for-age, with the excess body fatness of Asians evident only among relatively thin children. The ability of overweight to identify girls with excess body fatness also varied by race/ethnicity. Of the girls with excess body fatness, 89% (24/27) of black girls, but only 50% (8/16) of Asian girls, were overweight (P = 0.03). Furthermore, the proportion of overweight girls who had excess body fatness varied from 62% (8/13) among Asians to 100% (13/13) among whites. Discussion: There are racial or ethnic differences in body fatness among children, but these differences vary by BMI-for-age. If race/ethnicity differences in body fatness among adults also vary by BMI, it may be difficult to develop race-specific BMI cut points to identify equivalent levels of % body fat. C1 [Freedman, David S.; Mei, Zuguo; Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wang, Jack; Thornton, John C.; Pierson, Richard N., Jr.; Horlick, Mary] St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, Dept Med, Body Composit Unit, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Horlick, Mary] Columbia Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, New York, NY USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 37352] NR 45 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.30 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 297DP UT WOS:000255597600027 PM 18309298 ER PT J AU Bruce, FC Berg, CJ Hornbrook, MC Whitlock, EP Callaghan, WM Bachman, DJ Gold, R Dietz, PM AF Bruce, F. Carol Berg, Cynthia J. Hornbrook, Mark C. Whitlock, Evelyn P. Callaghan, William M. Bachman, Donald J. Gold, Rachel Dietz, Patricia M. TI Maternal morbidity rates in a managed care population SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; COMPLICATIONS; DELIVERY AB OBJECTIVE: To identify and estimate prevalence rates of maternal morbidities by pregnancy outcome and selected covariates during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods in a defined population of pregnant women. METHODS: We used electronic data systems of a large, vertically integrated, group-model health maintenance organization (HMO) to develop an algorithm that searched International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes for 38 predetermined groups of pregnancy-related complications among women enrollees of this HMO between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2001. RESULTS: We identified 24,481 pregnancies among 21,011 women. Although prevalence and type of morbidity varied by pregnancy outcome, overall, 50% of women had at least one complication. The most common complications were anemia (9.3%), urinary tract infections (9.0%), mental health conditions (9.0%), hypertensive disorders (8.5%), and pelvic and perineal trauma (7.0%). CONCLUSION: A range of mild-to-severe pregnancy complications were identified using linked inpatient and outpatient databases. The most common complications we found usually do not require hospitalization so would be missed in studies that use only hospitalization data. Our data allowed examination of a broad scope of conditions and severity. These findings increase our understanding of the extent of maternal morbidity. C1 [Bruce, F. Carol; Berg, Cynthia J.; Hornbrook, Mark C.; Whitlock, Evelyn P.; Callaghan, William M.; Bachman, Donald J.; Gold, Rachel; Dietz, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bruce, F. Carol; Berg, Cynthia J.; Hornbrook, Mark C.; Whitlock, Evelyn P.; Callaghan, William M.; Bachman, Donald J.; Gold, Rachel; Dietz, Patricia M.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Bruce, F. Carol; Berg, Cynthia J.; Hornbrook, Mark C.; Whitlock, Evelyn P.; Callaghan, William M.; Bachman, Donald J.; Gold, Rachel; Dietz, Patricia M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Bruce, F. Carol; Berg, Cynthia J.; Hornbrook, Mark C.; Whitlock, Evelyn P.; Callaghan, William M.; Bachman, Donald J.; Gold, Rachel; Dietz, Patricia M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Nursing, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bruce, FC (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway MSK-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cbruce@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [CDC 200-2001-00074] NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1095 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816c441a PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 295DK UT WOS:000255455000010 PM 18448740 ER PT J AU Hoover, K Tao, G AF Hoover, Karen Tao, Guoyu TI Missed opportunities for chlamydia screening of young women in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; APTIMA ASSAYS; PERFORMANCE; TRACHOMATIS; INFECTIONS; SPECIMENS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: To identify missed opportunities for chlamydia screening in ambulatory care offices. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2005 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to estimate the number of visits to obstetrician-gynecologists and primary care physicians (family and general practitioners, internists, and pediatricians) for preventive care, pelvic examinations, Pap tests, and urinalyses for nonpregnant women aged 15-25 years, and the proportion of these visits at which chlamydia tests were not performed. RESULTS: Obstetrician-gynecologists provided care for nonpregnant women aged 15-25 years at 6.3 million office visits during 2005, and primary care physicians at 20.9 million visits. Although obstetrician-gynecologists conducted only 23.1% of visits made by young women, they conducted 68.8% of visits with pelvic examinations and 71.1% of visits with Pap tests. Primary care physicians conducted 77.5% of visits with urinalyses. Obstetrician-gynecologists did not perform a chlamydia test at 3.2 of 3.8 million (82.1%) visits with pelvic examinations and at 1.8 of 2.3 million (77.3%) visits with Pap tests. Primary care physicians did not perform a chlamydia test at 2.9 of 3.0 million (99.1%) visits with urinalyses. CONCLUSION: There are many missed opportunities for chlamydia testing of young women in ambulatory care visits during pelvic examinations, Pap tests, and urinalyses. Effective and simple interventions are needed to increase targeted chlamydia screening of women by physicians. C1 [Hoover, Karen; Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1102 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816bbe9b PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 295DK UT WOS:000255455000011 PM 18448741 ER PT J AU Skogstrand, K Hougaard, DM Schendel, DE Bent, NP Svaerke, C Thorsen, P AF Skogstrand, Kristin Hougaard, David M. Schendel, Diana E. Bent, Norgaard-Pedersen Svaerke, Claus Thorsen, Poul TI Association of preterm birth with sustained postnatal inflammatory response SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE-PROTEIN; HUMAN FETAL MEMBRANES; CORD BLOOD; CEREBRAL-PALSY; CYTOKINES; DELIVERY; TERM; PROSTAGLANDIN; INFECTION; PREGNANCY AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate fetal or neonatal inflammatory patterns based on 25 inflammatory markers in neonatal dried blood spots samples from infants born preterm and term, collected several days after birth. METHODS: Dried blood spots samples from 160 neonates were analyzed for 25 inflammatory markers using multiplex technology: 26 neonates born very preterm (before 32 weeks of gestation), drawn at a mean 6 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5-7 days) after birth; 52 born preterm (32-36 weeks of gestation), drawn at mean 5 days (95% CI, 5-6 days) after birth; and 82 born at term (at or after 37 weeks of gestation), drawn at mean 5 days (95% CI, 5-5 days) after birth. Markers statistically significantly associated with preterm birth were analyzed in multivariable model together with maternal and neonatal risk factors for preterm birth. RESULTS: Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, soluble IL-6r alpha, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and decreased levels of IL-18, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and C-reactive protein were associated with preterm birth. Maternal risk factors could explain only an increase of IL-1 beta, whereas neonatal factors could explain several of the elevated and decreased inflammatory markers in the dried blood spots samples from the infants born preterm compared with the infants born at term. CONCLUSION: The differences in levels of inflammatory markers in dried blood spots samples from infants born preterm compared with infants born at term supports the hypothesis that inflammation of fetal origin might be a cause of preterm birth. C1 [Skogstrand, Kristin; Hougaard, David M.; Schendel, Diana E.; Bent, Norgaard-Pedersen; Svaerke, Claus; Thorsen, Poul] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen 5, Denmark. [Skogstrand, Kristin; Hougaard, David M.; Schendel, Diana E.; Bent, Norgaard-Pedersen; Svaerke, Claus; Thorsen, Poul] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, NANEA, Aarhus, Denmark. [Skogstrand, Kristin; Hougaard, David M.; Schendel, Diana E.; Bent, Norgaard-Pedersen; Svaerke, Claus; Thorsen, Poul] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Skogstrand, Kristin; Hougaard, David M.; Schendel, Diana E.; Bent, Norgaard-Pedersen; Svaerke, Claus; Thorsen, Poul] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Skogstrand, K (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen 5, Denmark. EM ksk@ssi.dk NR 54 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1118 EP 1128 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31817057fb PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 295DK UT WOS:000255455000014 PM 18448744 ER PT J AU Rennels, MB Black, S Woo, EJ Campbell, S Edwards, KM AF Rennels, Margaret B. Black, Steven Woo, Emily Jane Campbell, Scott Edwards, Kathryn M. TI Safety of a fifth dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine in children experiencing extensive, local reactions to the fourth dose SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DTaP; revaccination; safety; swelling ID IMMUNOGENICITY; TRIAL AB Extensive local reactions have been reported after booster doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, but few data are available on revaccination after these reactions. Of 20 children with extensive local reactions after dose 4, only 4 experienced entire upper arm swelling and 7 had swelling >5 cm after dose 5. These reactions were well tolerated and support revaccination. C1 [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Clin Res Off, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Rennels, Margaret B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Black, Steven] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Woo, Emily Jane] US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Vaccine Safety Brach, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Campbell, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Edwards, KM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Clin Res Off, Dept Pediat, CCC-5323 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kathryn.edwards@vanderbilt.edu FU PHS HHS [200-20002-00732] NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31816591f7 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 296HN UT WOS:000255534200018 PM 18398385 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Gilchrist, J Ballesteros, MF AF Mack, Karin A. Gilchrist, Julie Ballesteros, Michael F. TI Injuries among infants treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE unintentional injury; infants; falls ID NONFATAL INJURIES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; RISK; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; TODDLERS AB OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to present a detailed examination of unintentional injuries in infants <= 12 months of age treated in emergency departments. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data for infants <= 12 months of age from the National Electronic Surveillance System-All Injury Program for 2001-2004. Sample weights provided by the National Electronic Surveillance System-All Injury Program were used to make national estimates. RESULTS. An estimated 1 314 000 injured infants were treated in US emergency departments for nonfatal unintentional injuries during the 4-year period of 2001-2004, similar to 1 infant every 1.5 minutes. Falls were the leading cause of nonfatal unintentional injuries for infants. Overall, the patients were more likely to be male ( 55.2%) than female ( 44.8%). Contusions/ abrasions were the leading diagnosis overall ( 26.7%). Contusion/ abrasion, laceration, hematoma, foreign-body, and puncture injuries occurred most frequently to the head or neck region. More than one third of fractures ( 37.2%) were to the arm or hand. Bed was the product most frequently noted as being involved in the injury event for every age except 2 and 12 months ( car seat was the most frequently noted product at 2 months of age, and stairs were top ranked at 12 months). Product rank changed markedly as age increased. CONCLUSIONS. The influences of the social environment, the physical environment, and products change as infants mature in the first year of life; this was substantiated in our study by the shift in the relative importance of products involved in injuries according to month of age. The concept that aspects of safety must adapt in anticipation of developmental stage is critical. C1 [Mack, Karin A.; Gilchrist, Julie; Ballesteros, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmack@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP 930 EP 937 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1731 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900008 PM 18450896 ER PT J AU Groom, AV Washington, ML Smith, PJ Bryan, RT AF Groom, Amy V. Washington, Michael L. Smith, Philip J. Bryan, Ralph T. TI Underimmunization of American Indian and Alaska Native children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE American Indian; Alaska Native; immunization assessment; health disparities ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; DISPARITIES; HEALTH; MISCLASSIFICATION AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine whether disparities in childhood immunization coverage exist between American Indian/ Alaska Native children and non-Hispanic white children. METHODS. We compared immunization coverage with the 4 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 3 poliovirus, 1 measles-mumps-rubella, 3 Haemophilus influenza type b, and 3 hepatitis B( 4: 3: 1: 3: 3) series and its individual vaccine components (>= 4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine; >= 3 doses of oral or inactivated polio vaccine; >= 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; >= 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; and >= 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine) between American Indian/ Alaska Native children and non-Hispanic white children from 2000 to 2005, using data from the National Immunization Survey. RESULTS. Although immunization coverage increased for both populations from 2001 to 2004, American Indian/ Alaska Native children had significantly lower immunization coverage, compared with non-Hispanic white children, over that time period. In 2005, coverage continued to increase for American Indian/ Alaska Native children but decreased for non-Hispanic white children, and no statistically significant disparity in 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 coverage was evident in that year. CONCLUSIONS. Disparities in immunization coverage for American Indian/ Alaska Native children have been present, but unrecognized, since 2001. The absence of a disparity in coverage in 2005 is encouraging but is tempered by the fact that coverage for non-Hispanic white children decreased in that year. C1 [Groom, Amy V.; Bryan, Ralph T.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Support, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Bryan, Ralph T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Str & Innovat, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Disparities, Atlanta, GA USA. [Groom, Amy V.; Washington, Michael L.; Smith, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Groom, AV (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Support, 5300 Homestead Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM amy.groom@ihs.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP 938 EP 944 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1794 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900009 PM 18450897 ER PT J AU Kapogiannis, BG Soe, MM Nesheim, SR Sullivan, KM Abrams, E Farley, J Palumbo, P Koenig, LJ Bulterys, M AF Kapogiannis, Bill G. Soe, Minn M. Nesheim, Steven R. Sullivan, Kevin M. Abrams, Elaine Farley, John Palumbo, Paul Koenig, Linda J. Bulterys, Marc TI Trends in bacteremia in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era among HIV-infected children in the US Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (1986-2004) SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatric HIV/AIDS; bacteremia incidence; HAART ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; TYPE-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; UNINFECTED CHILDREN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; HAART ERA; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE. HIV-infected children are at high risk for bacteremia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced rates of opportunistic infections; less is known about its effect on pediatric bacteremia rates. Thus, we sought to determine its impact on bacteremia incidence in HIV-infected children. METHODS. Children born during 1986-1998 were followed until 2004 in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study. We determined the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (before and after January 1, 1997) incidence of bacteremia among HIV-infected children and characterized the CD4% temporal declines and mortality among patients with and those without incident bacteremias. RESULTS. Among 364 children, 68 had 118 documented bacteremias, 97 before and 21 after January 1, 1997. Streptococcus pneumoniae constituted 56 (58%) pre- and 13 (62%) post-highly active antiretroviral therapy cases. The incidence rate ratio of bacteremias comparing post-versus pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy was 0.3 overall and 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4 among children aged 0 to 24, 25 to 48, and 49 to 72 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis for time to first bacteremia in children born during the pre- highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era revealed that 69% and 94%, respectively, remained bacteremia free at a median follow-up of 6 years. The Cox proportional hazards model also showed a significant reduction of bacteremias in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era, even after controlling for gender and race. Among children < 6 years of age, those who experienced bacteremia had faster temporal CD4% decline than those who never had bacteremia. Survival analysis revealed that HIV-infected children with bacteremia experienced higher overall mortality when controlling for gender, race, and clinic site. CONCLUSIONS. A significant decrease in bacteremia incidence and a prolongation in the time to first bacteremia incident were seen in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Children with a steeper decline of CD4 T cells were more likely to develop bacteremia. Children who experienced bacteremia had an associated higher mortality than their bacteremia-free counterparts. C1 [Kapogiannis, Bill G.; Nesheim, Steven R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kapogiannis, Bill G.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soe, Minn M.; Sullivan, Kevin M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Abrams, Elaine] Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10037 USA. [Farley, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Palumbo, Paul] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Koenig, Linda J.; Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapogiannis, BG (reprint author), NICHHD, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11J, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kapogiannisb@mail.nih.gov FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404456, U64/CCU202219, U64/CCU306825, U64/CCU207228] NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP E1229 EP E1239 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0871 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900069 PM 18450865 ER PT J AU Rewers, A Klingensmith, G Davis, C Petitti, DB Pihoker, C Rodriguez, B Schwartz, ID Imperatore, G Williams, D Dolan, LM Dabelea, D AF Rewers, Arleta Klingensmith, Georgeanna Davis, Cralen Petitti, Diana B. Pihoker, Catherine Rodriguez, Beatriz Schwartz, I. David Imperatore, Giuseppina Williams, Desmond Dolan, Lawrence M. Dabelea, Dana TI Presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in youth: The search for diabetes in youth study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ketoacidosis; adolescent; children; diabetes; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes ID MEDICAL-CARE PATTERNS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; CEREBRAL EDEMA; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; ONSET; ADOLESCENTS; TRENDS; COMPLICATIONS AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence and predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis at the diagnosis of diabetes in a large sample of youth from the US population. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The Search for Diabetes in Youth Study, a multicenter, population-based registry of diabetes with diagnosis before 20 years of age, identified 3666 patients with new onset of diabetes in the study areas in 2002-2004. Medical charts were reviewed in 2824 (77%) of the patients in a standard manner to abstract the results of laboratory tests and to ascertain diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis was defined by blood bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L and/or venous pH < 7.25 (arterial/capillary pH < 7.30), International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 250.1, or listing of diabetic ketoacidosis in the medical chart. RESULTS. More than half (54%) of the patients were hospitalized at diagnosis, including 93% of those with diabetic ketoacidosis and 41% without diabetic ketoacidosis. The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at the diagnosis was 25.5%. The prevalence decreased with age from 37.3% in children aged 0 to 4 years to 14.7% in those aged 15 to 19 years. Diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence was significantly higher in patients with type 1 (29.4%) rather than in those with type 2 diabetes (9.7%). After adjusting for the effects of center, age, gender, race or ethnicity, diabetes type, and family history of diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis was associated with lower family income, less desirable health insurance coverage, and lower parental education. CONCLUSION. At the time of diagnosis, 1 in 4 youth presents with diabetic ketoacidosis. Those with diabetic ketoacidosis were more likely to be hospitalized. Diabetic ketoacidosis was a presenting feature of < 10% of youth with type 2. Young and poor children are disproportionately affected. C1 [Rewers, Arleta; Klingensmith, Georgeanna] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Davis, Cralen] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. [Petitti, Diana B.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dabelea, Dana] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Pihoker, Catherine] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, Beatriz] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Schwartz, I. David] Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina; Williams, Desmond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dolan, Lawrence M.] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Rewers, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 13123 E 16th Ave,B251, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM rewers.arleta@tchden.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [DP-05-069, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00037, M01 RR00069, M01 RR01070, M01 RR08084, M01RR001271]; PHS HHS [00097] NR 40 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP E1258 EP E1266 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1105 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900072 PM 18450868 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Simonsen, L Viboud, C Steiner, C Patel, MM Curns, AT Parashar, UD AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Simonsen, Lone Viboud, Cecile Steiner, Claudia Patel, Manish M. Curns, Aaron T. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Trends in intussusception hospitalizations among US infants, 1993-2004: Implications for monitoring the safety of the new rotavirus vaccination program SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE intussusception; rotavirus vaccine; vaccine safety monitoring ID UNITED-STATES; ADENOVIRUS INFECTION; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; AGE AB OBJECTIVES. In 2006, a new rotavirus vaccine was recommended for routine immunization of US infants. Because a previous rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn in 1999 after it was associated with intussusception, monitoring for this adverse event with the new vaccine is important. The objectives of this study were to assess intussusception hospitalizations trends among US infants for 1993 to 2004; provide estimates of hospitalization rates for intussusception for 2002-2004; and assess variations in background rates by age, race/ethnicity, and surgical management. METHODS. By using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Database that captures US hospital discharges from 16 states representing 49% of the birth cohort during 1993-2004 and from 35 states representing 85% of the birth cohort in 2002-2004, we examined hospitalizations among infants (< 12 months of age) with an International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code for intussusception (560.0). Incidence rates were calculated by using census data, and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Poisson regression data. RESULTS. Annual intussusception hospitalization rates declined 25% from 1993 to 2004 but have remained stable at similar to 35 cases per 100 000 infants since 2000. Rates were very low for infants younger than 9 weeks (< 5 per 100 000) then increased rapidly, peaking at similar to 62 per 100 000 at 26 to 29 weeks, before declining gradually to 26 per 100 000 at 52 weeks. Compared with rates among non-Hispanic white infants (27 per 100 000), rates were greater among non-Hispanic black infants (37 per 100 000) and Hispanic infants (45 per 100 000); however, rates did not differ by race/ethnicity for infants who were younger than 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS. This assessment of US hospitalizations provides up-to-date and nationally representative prevaccine rates of intussusception. Because rates varied almost 12-fold by week of age and to a lesser extent by race/ethnicity during the age of vaccination, adjusting baseline rates to reflect the demographics of the vaccinated population will be crucial for assessing risk for intussusception after rotavirus vaccination. C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Patel, Manish M.; Curns, Aaron T.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Simonsen, Lone] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Viboud, Cecile] Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Steiner, Claudia] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Rockville, MD USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999] NR 38 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP E1125 EP E1132 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1590 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900054 PM 18450856 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Davis, CT Zhou, H Cox, NJ Donis, RO AF Chen, Li-Mei Davis, C. Todd Zhou, Hong Cox, Nancy J. Donis, Ruben O. TI Genetic compatibility and virulence of reassortants derived from contemporary avian H5N1 and human H3N2 influenza a viruses SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; POLYMERASE GENES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; NUCLEAR EXPORT; HEMAGGLUTININ; NUCLEOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; REPLICATION AB The segmented structure of the influenza virus genome plays a pivotal role in its adaptation to new hosts and the emergence of pandemics. Despite concerns about the pandemic threat posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses, little is known about the biological properties of H5N1 viruses that may emerge following reassortment with contemporary human influenza viruses. In this study, we used reverse genetics to generate the 63 possible virus reassortants derived from H5N1 and H3N2 viruses, containing the H5N1 surface protein genes, and analyzed their viability, replication efficiency, and mouse virulence. Specific constellations of avian-human viral genes proved deleterious for viral replication in cell culture, possibly due to disruption of molecular interaction networks. In particular, striking phenotypes were noted with heterologous polymerase subunits, as well as NP and M, or NS. However, nearly one-half of the reassortants replicated with high efficiency in vitro, revealing a high degree of compatibility between avian and human virus genes. Thirteen reassortants displayed virulent phenotypes in mice and may pose the greatest threat for mammalian hosts. Interestingly, one of the most pathogenic reassortants contained avian PB1, resembling the 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses. Our results reveal the broad spectrum of phenotypes associated with H5N1/H3N2 reassortment and a possible role for the avian PB1 in the emergence of pandemic influenza. These observations have important implications for risk assessment of H5N1 reassortant viruses detected in surveillance programs. C1 [Chen, Li-Mei; Davis, C. Todd; Zhou, Hong; Cox, Nancy J.; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 44 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 AR e1000072 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000072 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 312JY UT WOS:000256668900007 PM 18497857 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Strine, TW Jiles, R Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Strine, Tara W. Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali H. TI Depression and anxiety associated with cardiovascular disease among persons aged 45 years and older in 38 states of the United States SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anxiety; cardiovascular disease; coronary heart disease; depression; stroke ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; STROKE; RISK; DISORDER AB Objective. To highlight the close association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with depression and anxiety in US non-institutionalized adults and examine the sociodemographic correlates of depression and anxiety among CVD survivors. Method. The data were obtained from 38 states which administered an Anxiety and Depression Module as part of the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. CVD was assessed with three questions on coronary heart disease and stroke. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were obtained after adjustment for demographic characteristics using SUDAAN 9.0. Results. The prevalence of a CVD history was 15.3% among studied population (sample size n = 129,499). Persons with a CVD history were more likely than those without to experience current depression (15.8% versus 7.1%, APR [95% CI] = 1.69 [1.54-1.85]), to have a lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorders (22.3% versus 15.1%, APR [95%CI] = 1.56 [1.45-1.67]) or anxiety disorders (16.6% versus 10.0%, APR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.37-1.54]). CVD survivors with low education attainment or minority background were less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression though their experience of depression was comparable with or higher than their counterparts. Conclusion. CVD is associated significantly with depression and anxiety. Disparities exist among CVD survivors on the diagnosis of depression and anxiety. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Strine, Tara W.; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fan, AZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM afan@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.016 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 306ZW UT WOS:000256288200008 PM 18377971 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Ikeda, T Hojou, M Nigam, JA Swanson, NG AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Ikeda, Tomoko Hojou, Minoru Nigam, Jeannie A. Swanson, Naomi G. TI Active and passive smoking and depression among Japanese workers SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE passive smoking; smoking; depressive symptoms; working population; epidemiology; occupational health ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; TOBACCO SMOKING; US ADOLESCENTS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SYMPTOMS; CESSATION AB Objective. To assess the relation of passive and active smoking to depressive symptoms in 1839 men and 931 women working in a suburb of Tokyo in 2002. Method. Self-reported smoking history and exposure to passive smoking (no, occasional, or regular) at work and at home. Depressive symptoms according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with a cut-off point of 16. Results. Compared to never smokers unexposed to passive smoking, never smokers reporting regular and occasional exposure to passive smoking at work had increased depressive symptoms. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 3.23) for regular exposure and 1.63 (95% CI 1.08, 2.47) for occasional exposure. Current smokers had significantly increased depressive symptoms (aOR ranging from 2.25 to 2.38) but former smokers had only marginal increases of depressive symptoms (aOR ranging from 1.43 to 1.55). Gender did not modify the effects of active/passive smoking on depressive symptoms. Conclusion. Passive smoking at work and current smoking appear associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nakata, Akinori; Nigam, Jeannie A.; Swanson, Naomi G.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ikeda, Tomoko] Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hojou, Minoru] Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cji5@cdc.gov RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.024 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 306ZW UT WOS:000256288200009 PM 18314186 ER PT J AU King, LJ AF King, Lonnie J. TI Collaboration in public health: A new global imperative SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 3 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 288HH UT WOS:000254976400008 PM 19006968 ER PT J AU Macmahon, KL Delaney, LJ Kullman, G Gibbins, JD Decker, J Kiefer, MJ AF Macmahon, Kathleen L. Delaney, Lisa J. Kullman, Greg Gibbins, John D. Decker, John Kiefer, Max J. TI Protecting poultry workers from exposure to avian influenza viruses SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; PERSPECTIVE; OUTBREAK; HUMANS; RISK AB Emerging zoonotic diseases are of increasing regional and global importance. Preventing occupational exposure to zoonotic diseases protects workers as well as their families, communities, and the public health. Workers can be protected from zoonotic diseases most effectively by preventing and controlling diseases in animals, reducing workplace exposures, and educating workers. Certain avian influenza viruses are potential zoonotic disease agents that may be transmitted from infected birds to humans. Poultry workers are at risk of becoming infected with these viruses if they are exposed to infected birds or virus-contaminated materials or environments. Critical components of worker protection include educating employers and training poultry workers about occupational exposure to avian influenza viruses. Other recommendations for protecting poultry workers include the use of good hygiene and work practices, personal protective clothing and equipment, vaccination for seasonal influenza viruses, antiviral medication, and medical surveillance. Current recommendations for protecting poultry workers from exposure to avian influenza viruses are summarized in this article. C1 [Macmahon, Kathleen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. [Delaney, Lisa J.; Decker, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Emergency Preparedness & Response Off, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. [Kullman, Greg] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. [Gibbins, John D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Div Surveillance, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. [Kiefer, Max J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Denver Reg Off, Denver, CO USA. RP Macmahon, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, MS-C32,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. EM KMacMahon@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 3 BP 316 EP 322 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 288HH UT WOS:000254976400013 PM 19006973 ER PT J AU Lollar, D AF Lollar, Don TI Rehabilitation psychology and public health: Commonalities, barriers, and bridges SO REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE public health; rehabilitation; disability; health promotion; ICF ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; DISABILITY; PARTICIPATION; INJURY; PEOPLE AB Those in rehabilitation and those in public health have worked to find a place in their respective disciplines. In this article, the author attempts to outline some of the commonalities inherent in the two areas, the barriers to joint work, and the bridges that may be able to allow a more comfortable interaction between the two. Conclusion: Practical realities in modem society have created the need for a closer bond among rehabilitation psychology, disability, and public health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lollar, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE E88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlollar@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0090-5550 J9 REHABIL PSYCHOL JI Rehabil. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1037/0090-5550.53.2.122 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 313AF UT WOS:000256712800002 ER PT J AU Sunderam, S Hollander, L Macaluso, M Vucetich, A Jamieson, DJ Osimo, F Duerr, A Semprini, AE AF Sunderam, Saswati Hollander, Lital Macaluso, Maurizio Vucetich, Alessandra Jamieson, Denise J. Osimo, Ferruccio Duerr, Ann Semprini, Augusto Enrico TI Safe conception for HIV discordant couples through sperm-washing: Experience and perceptions of patients in Milan, Italy SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 11-17, 2004 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE HIV sexual transmission; HIV serodiscordant couples; sperm-washing; assisted conception; Italy ID SERODISCORDANT COUPLES; POSITIVE PARTNERS; FERTILITY DESIRES; PROCESSED SEMEN; NEGATIVE WOMEN; MEN; INSEMINATION; INJECTION; CHILDREN; ISSUES AB Our research explored the reproductive desires of HIV-negative women and their HIV-positive partners who underwent assisted conception based on sperm-washing and intrauterine insemination in Italy. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with former patients (6 women, 5 men and 11 couples). Desire for children, perceived risk from treatment and acceptability of the insemination technique were some of the issues explored. Participants had the treatment for G mean duration of 3.5 years, with G Mean number of cycles of 5.3. They were highly motivated to conceive a biological child to bring purpose to their lives, and strongly desired options to conceive safely Most rejected spontaneous conception. Those who successfully conceived reported a positive impact on their quality of life, fulfilling their desire to be parents and restoring their sense of "normalcy" Participants strongly supported extending assisted conception services to all HIV negative women living with HIV positive partners who wished to become pregnant and felt that withholding such treatment was not ethically justified. They perceived assisted conception services to be a safe and effective alternative to spontaneous conception, and felt that society has a moral obligation to provide such services. (C) 2008 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved. C1 [Sunderam, Saswati] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hollander, Lital; Vucetich, Alessandra; Semprini, Augusto Enrico] ESMAN Med Consulting, Milan, Italy. [Macaluso, Maurizio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chief Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Osimo, Ferruccio] Univ Milan, Fac Med, Inst Psychiat, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Sunderam, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM msunderam@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015; OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690; Hollander, Lital/0000-0001-5990-5267; SEMPRINI, AUGUSTO ENRICO/0000-0002-1113-2012 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0968-8080 J9 REPROD HEALTH MATTER JI Reprod. Health Matters PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 31 BP 211 EP 219 AR PII S0968-8080(08)31342-1 DI 10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31342-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 320RB UT WOS:000257251600022 PM 18513622 ER PT J AU Bern, C Coura, JR Goldenberg, S Guhl, F Junqueira, ACV Lorca, M Luquetti, AO Ribeiro, I Saez-Alquezar, A Torrico, F Umezawa, ES Ward, B Albajar-Vinas, P Chaves, G Flevaud, L Goiri, J Guillerm, M Karunakara, UK Lotrowska, M Rocha, S Usdin, M AF Bern, Caryn Coura, Jose Rodrigues Goldenberg, Samuel Guhl, Felipe Verissimo Junqueira, Angela Cristina Lorca, Myriam Luquetti, Alejandro O. Ribeiro, Isabela Saez-Alquezar, Amadeo Torrico, Faustino Umezawa, Eufrosina Setsu Ward, Brian Albajar-Vinas, Pedro Chaves, Gabriela Flevaud, Laurence Goiri, Javier Guillerm, Martine Karunakara, Unni Krishnan Lotrowska, Michel Rocha, Simone Usdin, Martine TI International meeting: new diagnostic tests are urgently needed to treat patients with Chagas disease SO REVISTA DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Trypanosoma cruzi; Chagas infection; rapid diagnostic tests; serology; Chagas disease. ID ANTIGEN LINE IMMUNOASSAY; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; RECOMBINANT; ASSAY; CONFIRMATION; SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES AB Trypanosoma cruzi infection is often not detected early on or actively diagnosed, partly because most infected individuals are either asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. Moreover, in most places, neither blood banks nor healthcare units offer diagnostic confirmation or treatment access. By the time patients present clinical manifestations of advanced chronic Chagas disease, specific treatment with current drugs usually has limited effectiveness. Better- quality serological assays are urgently needed, especially rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis patients in both acute and chronic phases, as well as for confirming that a parasitological cure has been achieved. Some new antigen combinations look promising and it is important to assess which ones are potentially the best, together with their requirements in terms of investigation and development. In August 2007, a group of specialized researchers and healthcare professionals met to discuss the state of Chagas infection diagnosis and to build a consensus for a plan of action to develop efficient, affordable, accessible and easy- to- use diagnostic tests for Chagas disease. This technical report presents the conclusions from that meeting. C1 [Coura, Jose Rodrigues; Verissimo Junqueira, Angela Cristina; Albajar-Vinas, Pedro] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Doencas Parasitarias, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goldenberg, Samuel] Mol Biol Inst Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Guhl, Felipe] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Lorca, Myriam] Univ Chile, Sch Med, Santiago, Chile. [Luquetti, Alejandro O.] Univ Fed Goias, Sch Med, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Ribeiro, Isabela] Drugs Neglected Dis Initiat, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Saez-Alquezar, Amadeo] Panel Advisors & Qual Control, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Torrico, Faustino] Higher Univ San Simon, Univ Ctr Trop Med, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Umezawa, Eufrosina Setsu] Inst Trop Med, Protozool Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ward, Brian] Montreal Gen Hosp, McGill Ctr Trop Dis, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Lotrowska, Michel] Med Sans Frontieres, Campaign Access Essential Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Chaves, Gabriela] Med Sans Frontieres Brazil Belgium, Campaign Access Essential Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Flevaud, Laurence] Med Sans Frontieres Spain, Barcelona, Spain. [Goiri, Javier] Med Sans Frontieres Spain, La Paz, Bolivia. [Guillerm, Martine; Karunakara, Unni Krishnan; Usdin, Martine] Med Sans Frontieres, Campaign Access Essential Med, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Junqueira, ACV (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Doencas Parasitarias, Av Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI GOLDENBERG, SAMUEL/B-4116-2009 OI GOLDENBERG, SAMUEL/0000-0002-4892-163X NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MEDICINA TROPICAL PI BRASILIA PA UNIV BRASILIA, NUCLEO MEDICINA TROPICAL E NUTRICAO, CAIXA POSTAL 4356, BRASILIA, DF 70919-970, BRAZIL SN 0037-8682 J9 REV SOC BRAS MED TRO JI Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 341DZ UT WOS:000258695700020 ER PT J AU Araujo, AJUD Kanamura, HY de Almeida, ME Gomes, AHD Pinto, THL da Silva, AJ AF Urias dos Santos Araujo, Ana Julia Kanamura, Herminia Yohko de Almeida, Marcos Eduardo de Souza Gomes, Aparecida Helena Lemos Pinto, Thais Helena da Silva, Alexandre Januario TI Genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from HIV-infected patients and immunocompetent children of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO REVISTA DO INSTITUTO DE MEDICINA TROPICAL DE SAO PAULO LA English DT Article DE cryptosporidiosis; PCR; genotyping; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium hominis; Cryptosporidium meleagridis; Brazil ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MELEAGRIDIS; PARASITES; WATER; LIMA; PERU AB Cryptosporidium isolates identified in fourteen stool samples, collected from five HIV-infected patients and nine immunocompetent children, living in the Sate of Sao Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to a molecular analysis using a nested PCR followed of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), for genetic characterization. The analysis was based on digestion with Rsal restriction enzyme of a DNA fragment amplified from the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Based on this analysis, four samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum, eight is Cryptosporidium hominis and two presented a profile that corresponded to Cryptosporidium? meleagridis when compared to the standards used in the analysis. The use of molecular methods can be helpful to identify source of infections and risk factors related to Cryptosporidium infection in our communities. C1 [Urias dos Santos Araujo, Ana Julia; Kanamura, Herminia Yohko; de Almeida, Marcos Eduardo] Univ Taubate, Inst Basico Biociencias, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil. [Urias dos Santos Araujo, Ana Julia; Kanamura, Herminia Yohko] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [de Souza Gomes, Aparecida Helena] Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. [Lemos Pinto, Thais Helena] Albert Einstein Coll Med Hosp, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [da Silva, Alexandre Januario] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kanamura, HY (reprint author), Univ Taubate, Inst Basico Biociencias, Av Tiradentes 500, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil. EM kanamura@usp.br NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MEDICINA TROPICAL SAO PAULO PI SAO PAULO PA AV DR ENEAS CARVALHO DE AGUIAR, 470, C CESAR, SAO PAULO, 05403-000, BRAZIL SN 0036-4665 J9 REV I MED TROP JI Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1590/S0036-46652008005000003 PG 5 WC Tropical Medicine SC Tropical Medicine GA 322QY UT WOS:000257391600002 PM 18516466 ER PT J AU Choi, HK Ford, ES AF Choi, H. K. Ford, E. S. TI Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels - the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uric acid; gout; haemoglobin A1c; C-peptide; insulin; insulin resistance; NHANES III ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; GOUT; PREVALENCE; URATE; HYPERURICEMIA; POPULATION; DISEASE; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Objective. To evaluate haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels in a nationally representative sample of men and women. Methods. Using data from 14 664 participants aged 20 yrs and older in The US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (19881994), we examined the relation between the levels of HbA1c, other biomarkers and serum uric acid levels using multivariate linear regressions stratified by gender. Results. The serum uric acid levels increased with increasing serum HbA1c levels up to the category of 6 - 6.9%, and thereafter decreased with further increasing HbA1c levels ( a bell-shaped relation). Compared with a HbA1c level of < 5%, the multivariate differences among women were 26.8 mu mol/l for HbA1c of 6 - 6.9% and - 25.6 mu mol/l ( 95% CI -42.8, -8.3) for HbA1c >= 9%. The corresponding multivariate differences among men were 8.3 mu mol/ l ( 95% CI - 3.0, 19.6) and - 64.8 mu mol/ l ( 95% CI -46.0, -84.5), which were both significantly different from those among women ( P-values for interaction by sex < 0.001). Fasting glucose levels also showed a bell- shaped relation with serum uric acid levels. Individuals with diabetes showed lower serum uric acid levels and the association was larger among men ( P-value for interaction, 0.007). Serum uric acid levels increased linearly with increasing fasting serum C-peptide levels, serum insulin levels or insulin resistance ( multivariate P-values for trend, < 0.001). Conclusions. Individuals with moderately elevated HbA1c levels (i.e. pre-diabetes) may be at a higher risk of hyperuricaemia and gout, particularly in women, whereas individuals with diabetes or highly elevated HbA1c levels may be at a lower risk of these conditions, particularly in men. C1 [Choi, H. K.] Univ British Columbia, Arthritis Res Ctr Canada, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. [Ford, E. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, HK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Arthritis Res Ctr Canada, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, 895 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. EM hchoi@arthritisresearch.ca NR 29 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1093/rheumatology/ken066 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 293DQ UT WOS:000255315700031 PM 18390895 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Aynalem, G Olea, LM He, P Smith, LV Kerndt, PR AF Taylor, Melanie M. Aynalem, Getahun Olea, Leanne M. He, Peter Smith, Lisa V. Kerndt, Peter R. TI A consequence of the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM): Neurosyphilis in Los Angeles, 2001-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID ABNORMALITIES; HIV-INFECTION; PENICILLIN; THERAPY; AIDS AB Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and clinical findings of neurosyphilis (NS) cases diagnosed during the current syphilis epidemic occurring predominantly among men who have sex with men. Methods: Syphilis cases reported to the health department were reviewed for diagnosis of NS, cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory results, and/or treatment for NS. Results: During 2001-2004, 7083 cases of syphilis were diagnosed in Los Angeles. One hundred nine cases of confirmed or probable NS occurring among persons aged 19 to 65 years were identified during this period (1.5%). Symptomatic NS was present in 1.2% of reported syphilis cases (86 of 7083). NS cases were inclusive of 71 (65%) men who have sex with men. Forty-two (49%) of the symptomatic NS cases occurred during secondary (N = 28) or early latent (N = 14) syphilis. Sixty-eight percent (N = 74) of the NS cases were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. The estimated incidence of symptomatic NS among HIV-infected persons with early syphilis was 2.1% as compared with 0.6% among HIV-negative persons. Conclusion: Providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for NS among patients with syphilis, particularly those with HIV infection. C1 [Taylor, Melanie M.; Olea, Leanne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aynalem, Getahun; Olea, Leanne M.; He, Peter; Smith, Lisa V.; Kerndt, Peter R.] Los Angeles Cty STD Program Control, Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 430 EP 434 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644b5e PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600002 PM 18446083 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, Sevgi O. TI Just one more day: The GAP as population level determinant and risk factor for STI spread SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; TRANSMISSION; NETWORKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DYNAMICS; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Saral@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 445 EP 446 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181753ce8 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600004 PM 18434939 ER PT J AU Kourbatova, EV Akovbyan, VA Chesson, HW Lytkina, IN Dmitriev, GA Tikhonova, LI Koubanova, AA Petukhova, II Latypova, MF Aboymova, OA Lewis, JS Ryan, CA Shakarishvili, A AF Kourbatova, Ekaterina V. Akovbyan, Vagan A. Chesson, Harrell W. Lytkina, Irina N. Dmitriev, Georgyi A. Tikhonova, Lilia I. Koubanova, Anna A. Petukhova, Irina I. Latypova, Munira F. Aboymova, Olga A. Lewis, Joel S. Ryan, Caroline A. Shakarishvili, Anna TI Assessment of the routine, occupation-based gonorrhea and syphilis screening program in Moscow, Russia: An analysis of sexually transmitted infection prevalence and cost-effectiveness SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ST-PETERSBURG; FEDERATION; MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMICS; DISEASES AB Objectives: In the Russian Federation, large sectors of the population regularly undergo mandatory occupational screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of syphilis and gonorrhea in the screened occupational groups in Moscow and to conduct a cost-effectiveness evaluation of the occupational screening program. Study Design: Serum samples from 4 main occupational groups (food handlers and other food industry workers, market salespersons, education and health care providers, and hotel and other public utility workers) were tested for syphilis and gonorrhea. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (in 2003 rubles) of the screening program using decision analysis models. Results: In the total sample of 1000 study participants, overall prevalence for syphilis was 1.2% with the highest rate in market salespersons (4.4%) and for gonorrhea 0.3%. The incremental cost per case of STI treated was 8409 rubles ($252) for syphilis screening (compared with no screening) with higher incremental costs associated with expanding the program to include gonorrhea screening. The relatively low STI prevalence in the screened groups and the poor performance of the diagnostic tests used were important factors in the estimated cost-effectiveness of occupation-based screening. Conclusions: Modifications to occupation-based screening, including an increased focus on higher risk population and the adoption of more current diagnostic technologies, could help to use prevention resources more effectively. C1 [Kourbatova, Ekaterina V.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Akovbyan, Vagan A.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Gamaleya Res Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Moscow, Russia. [Chesson, Harrell W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lytkina, Irina N.; Latypova, Munira F.; Aboymova, Olga A.] Moscow Ctr Sanitary & Epidemiol Surveillance, Moscow, Russia. [Dmitriev, Georgyi A.] Moscow Gabrichevsky Res Inst Epidemiol & Microbio, Minist Hlth & Social Dev Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. [Tikhonova, Lilia I.; Koubanova, Anna A.; Petukhova, Irina I.] Cent Res Inst Skin & Venereal Dis, Russian Fed Agcy Hlth Care & Social Dev, Moscow, Russia. [Lewis, Joel S.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ryan, Caroline A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shakarishvili, Anna] Joint United Nat Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Mail Stop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HChesson@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816f1c65 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600006 PM 18434940 ER PT J AU Staras, SAS Flanders, WD Dollard, SC Pass, RF McGowan, JE Cannon, MJ AF Staras, Stephanie A. S. Flanders, W. Dana Dollard, Sheila C. Pass, Robert F. McGowan, John E., Jr. Cannon, Michael J. TI Influence of sexual activity on cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in the United States, 1988-1994 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; VIRUS; CHILDREN AB Background: Sexual and nonsexual transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) occurs, but the frequency of sexual transmission in the general population of the United States is unknown. Methods: Using data from 15- to 44-year-old (n = 7883) participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (19881994), we examined the association between CMV seroprevalence and sexual activity markers. Using logistic regression, we calculated standardized prevalence differences (PDs)-the weighted average CMV prevalence among higher sexual risk groups minus CMV prevalence among the lowest sexual risk group-for each of several sexual activity markers (ever had sex, number of sex partners [lifetime and past year], age at first intercourse, potential years of sexual activity, ever use oral contraceptives, herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody, and a calculated composite marker). Results: Even after controlling for covariates, we found associations between CMV seroprevalence and sexual activity among non-Hispanic black [all PDs for sexual activity markers were positive and composite PD = 8.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.0%-13.1%] and non-Hispanic white women (15 of 18 PDs for sexual activity markers were positive and composite PD = 10.8%, 95% CI = 3.1%-18.5%). We found a borderline significant association among Mexican American women (13 of 18 PDs for sexual activity markers were positive and composite PD = 3.5%, 95% CI = -0.7% to 7.6%). We found little or no association within each racial/ethnic group of men. Conclusions: Sexual activity measurably influences CMV seroprevalence among women of childbearing age, indicating that congenital CMV prevention messages should include strategies to reduce sexual transmission of CMV among pregnant women. C1 [Staras, Stephanie A. S.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Staras, Stephanie A. S.; Flanders, W. Dana; McGowan, John E., Jr.; Cannon, Michael J.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Staras, Stephanie A. S.; Dollard, Sheila C.; Cannon, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pass, Robert F.] Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Staras, SAS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, POB 100177, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM sas@ehpr.ufl.edu RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010; NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644b70 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600009 PM 18354346 ER EF