FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Helms, DJ Mosure, DJ Metcalf, CA Douglas, JM Malotte, CK Paul, SM Peterman, TA AF Helms, Donna J. Mosure, Debra J. Metcalf, Carol A. Douglas, John M., Jr. Malotte, C. Kevin Paul, Sindy M. Peterman, Thomas A. TI Risk factors for prevalent and incident Trichomonas vaginalis among women attending three sexually transmitted disease clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFECTION; METRONIDAZOLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPECT-2; EFFICACY AB Goal: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the United States and may be associated with adverse birth outcomes and may also increase susceptibility to or transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the epidemiology of T. vaginalis in Sexually Transmitted Disease clinics and characterize the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident T. vaginalis within the same population. Methods: We analyzed data from visits occurring during February 1999-December 2001 from 3 sexually transmitted disease clinics in Newark, NJ; Long Beach, CA; and Denver, CO. Data were analyzed from 1462 women aged 15 to 39 years who were tested by culture at their initial visit for T. vaginalis, and for 1269 women with at least 1 follow-up visit. Risk factors for prevalent infections at baseline and incident infections among treated or previously uninfected women were assessed. Results: At baseline, 13.0% of the women had a prevalent infection; risk factors included the following: older age (>= 20 years), black race, having less than 12 years of education, and having a concurrent chlamydial infection. At follow-up, 4.6% of women had an incident infection; risk factors included the following: older age (35-39 years), black race, having a concurrent chlamydial infection, having had multiple sexual partners in the 3 months before incident infection, and having had T. vaginalis at the visit before their incident infection. Conclusions: T. vaginalis incidence is high in women. Risk factors for prevalent and incident infection are similar. T. vaginalis was associated with older age in women, unlike other sexually transmitted infections. C1 [Helms, Donna J.; Douglas, John M., Jr.; Peterman, Thomas A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Mosure, Debra J.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Metcalf, Carol A.] Human Sci Res Council, Soc Aspects HIV AIDS & Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. [Malotte, C. Kevin] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Paul, Sindy M.] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Helms, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dhelms@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644b9c PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600011 PM 18360314 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Pope, V Sternberg, MR McQuillan, GM Beltrami, JF Berman, SM Markowitz, LE AF Gottlieb, Sami L. Pope, Victoria Sternberg, Maya R. McQuillan, Geraldine M. Beltrami, John F. Berman, Stuart M. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Conference CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Jacksonville, FL ID RAPID PLASMA REAGIN; G ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; CAPTIA SYPHILIS; SCREENING-TESTS; CARD TEST; OUTBREAK; ASSAY; VDRL; MEN AB Background: There have been no recent US population-based estimates of syphilis seroprevalence. We determined the prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity among a representative sample of the US population. Methods: Sera from 18- to 49-year-old participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2004 were tested for syphilis IgG antibody using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Specimens with positive or indeterminate EIAs underwent rapid plasma reagin (RPR) testing; RPR titers >= 1:8 were considered positive. Specimens with RPR titers <1:8 underwent confirmatory testing with Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA). Results: Sera were available for 5767 participants. EIA testing was positive or indeterminate for 126, of which 10 had RPR titers >= 1:8. Of the remaining 116 specimens, 60 had positive TP-PA tests, including all 19 with RPR titers >1:1. Overall weighted syphilis seroprevalence was 0.71% (95% CI: 0.51-0.96). Prevalence was similar among males (0.76%) and females (0.67%) and increased with age, less education, and lower income (P <0.001 for each). Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest prevalence (4.3%), followed by Mexican-Americans (0.98%) and non-Hispanic whites (0.07%; P <0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity was low (0.71%) in the general US population of 18- to 49-year-olds. However, consistent with surveillance data, this nationally representative survey showed substantial disparities in syphilis by race/ethnicity. C1 [Gottlieb, Sami L.; Pope, Victoria; Sternberg, Maya R.; Beltrami, John F.; Berman, Stuart M.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McQuillan, Geraldine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Washington, DC USA. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgottlieb@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644bae PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 295SG UT WOS:000255493600015 PM 18356772 ER PT J AU Roy, K Chaudhuri, A AF Roy, Kakoli Chaudhuri, Anoshua TI Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: evidence from India SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE elderly health; gender; empowerment; health inequalities; healthcare utilization; India; socioeconomic status (SES) ID WOMENS HEALTH; POOR COUNTRIES; OLDER-ADULTS; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; SEX; AUTONOMY; INEQUALITIES; EQUALITY; PATTERNS AB Empirical studies from developed countries observe that women report worse health and higher healthcare utilization than men, but the health disadvantage diminishes with age; gender differences in self-rated health often vanish or are reversed in older ages. Comparable assessments of health during later life from developing countries are limited because of the lack of large-scale surveys that include older women. Our study attempts to address the shortage of developing country studies by examining gender differences in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in India. Both ordered and binary logit specifications were used to assess significant gender differences in subjective and objective health, and healthcare utilization after controlling for demographics, medical conditions, traditional indicators of socioeconomic status like education and income, and additional wealth indicators. The wealth indicators, measured by property ownership and economic independence, are regarded as financially empowering older adults to exercise greater control over their health and well-being. Data are drawn from a nationally representative decennial socioeconomic and health survey of 120,942 Indian households conducted during 1995 - 1996. The study sample comprises 34,086 older men and women aged >= 60 years. Our results indicate that older women report worse self-rated health, higher prevalence of disabilities, marginally lower chronic conditions, and lower healthcare utilization than men, The health disadvantage and lower utilization among women cannot be explained by demographics and the differential distribution of medical conditions. While successive controls for education, income, and property ownership narrows the gender gap in both health and healthcare utilization, significant differentials still persist. Upon controlling for economic independence, gender differentials disappear or are reversed, with older women having equal or better health than otherwise similar men. Financial empowerment might confer older women the health advantage reflected in developed societies by enhancing a woman's ability to undertake primary and secondary prevention during the life course. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Kakoli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chaudhuri, Anoshua] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Roy, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjr3@cdc.gov; anosliua@sfsu.edu NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1951 EP 1962 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.015 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 296XY UT WOS:000255580400009 PM 18313185 ER PT J AU Lewis, TL Brundage, KM Brundage, RA Barnett, JB AF Lewis, Tricia L. Brundage, Kathleen M. Brundage, Rodney A. Barnett, John B. TI 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (DCPA) inhibits T-cell activation by altering the intracellular calcium concentration following store depletion SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE T cells; signal transduction; calcium; 3,4-dichloropropionanilide; propanil ID OPERATED CA2+ ENTRY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CRAC CHANNEL; IN-VIVO; LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATION; PROPANIL EXPOSURE; ORAI1; STIM1; BINDING AB Stimulation of T cells through the T-cell receptor results in the activation of a series of signaling pathways that leads to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and cell proliferation. Influx of calcium (Ca2+) from the extracellular environment, following internal Ca2+ store depletion, provides the elevated and sustained intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)) critical for optimal T-cell activation. Our laboratory has documented that exposure to the herbicide 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (DCPA) inhibits intracellular signaling events that have one or more Ca2+ dependent steps. Herein we report that DCPA attenuates the normal elevated and sustained [Ca2+](i) that follows internal store depletion in the human leukemic Jurkat T cell line and primary mouse T cells. DCPA did not alter the depletion of internal Ca2+ stores when stimulated by anti-CD3 or thapsigargin demonstrating that early inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-mediated signaling and depletion of Ca2+ stores were unaffected. 2-Aminoethyldiphenol borate (2-APB) is known to alter the store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) influx that follows Ca2+ store depletion. Exposure of Jurkat cells to either DCPA or 50 mu M 2-APB attenuated the increase in [Ca2+](i) following thapsigargin or anti-CD3 induced store depletion in a similar manner. At low concentrations, 2-APB enhances SOC influx but this enhancement is abrogated in the presence of DCPA. This alteration in [Ca2+](i), when exposed to DCPA, significantly reduces nuclear levels of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and IL-2 secretion. The plasma membrane polarization profile is not altered by DCPA exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that DCPA inhibits T-cell activation by altering Ca2+ homeostasis following store depletion. C1 [Lewis, Tricia L.; Brundage, Kathleen M.; Barnett, John B.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lewis, Tricia L.; Brundage, Kathleen M.; Barnett, John B.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Immunopathol & Microbial Pathogenesis, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brundage, Rodney A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Brundage, RA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, POB 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jbarnett@hsc.wvu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR016440]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11311, ES010953] NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn031 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 287ZH UT WOS:000254955500011 PM 18281253 ER PT J AU Lavelle, TA Uyeki, TM Prosser, L AF Lavelle, T. A. Uyeki, T. M. Prosser, L. TI The impact of pediatric adverse events on the cost-effectiveness of oseltamivir SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lavelle, T. A.; Prosser, L.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Uyeki, T. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP A97 EP A97 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)70316-8 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 302CC UT WOS:000255945400315 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, A. N. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Trophoblast-like cells in the tissues of porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nongenital tissues; porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum); trophoblast ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; CHINCHILLA; VACCINE AB During development and subsequent field evaluation of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) recombinant virus vaccine, 53 adult porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum; 38 females and 15 males) were examined. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of giant epitheloid cells in various tissues (adrenal glands, spleen, liver, and lungs) of 4 (11%) female animals. These giant cells were approximately 20 times the size of the surrounding cells of the parenchyma. The cells were found singly and were not associated with any inflammatory cellular infiltrate and appeared to be located within vascular lumina. Morphologically these cells were typical of uterine epitheloid trophoblasts. This is the first record of the presence of trophoblast-like cells in nongenital tissues of porcupines. C1 [Hamir, A. N.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amir.hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1354/vp.45-3-409 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 303GN UT WOS:000256029100022 PM 18487503 ER PT J AU Sigurdson, AJ Ha, M Hauptmann, M Bhatti, P Sram, RJ Beskid, O Tawn, EJ Whitehouse, CA Lindholm, C Nakano, M Kodama, Y Nakamura, N Vorobtsova, I Oestreicher, U Stephan, G Yong, LC Bauchinger, M Schmid, E Chung, HW Darroudi, F Roy, L Voisin, P Barquinero, JF Livingston, G Blakey, D Hayata, I Zhang, W Wang, CY Bennett, LM Littlefield, LG Edwards, AA Kleinerman, RA Tucker, JD AF Sigurdson, Alice J. Ha, Mina Hauptmann, Michael Bhatti, Parveen Sram, Radim J. Beskid, Olena Tawn, E. Janet Whitehouse, Caroline A. Lindholm, Carita Nakano, Mimako Kodama, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Nori Vorobtsova, Irena Oestreicher, Ursula Stephan, Guenther Yong, Lee C. Bauchinger, Manfred Schmid, Ernst Chung, Hai Won Darroudi, Firouz Roy, Laurence Voisin, Phillipe Barquinero, Joan F. Livingston, Gordon Blakey, David Hayata, Isamu Zhang, Wei Wang, Chunyan Bennett, L. Michelle Littlefield, L. Gayle Edwards, Alan A. Kleinerman, Ruth A. Tucker, James D. TI International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chromosome translocations; background frequency; controls; fluorescence in situ hybridization ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; REPAIR GENE POLYMORPHISMS; CONTROL POPULATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; ABERRATION FREQUENCIES; CYTOGENETIC BIOMARKERS; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; SMOKING-HABITS; FISH AB Chromosome translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal, healthy humans increase with age, but the effects of gender, race, and cigarette smoking on background translocation yields have not been examined systematically. Further, the shape of the relationship between age and translocation frequency (TF) has not been definitively determined. We collected existing data from 16 laboratories in North America, Europe, and Asia on TFs measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization whole chromosome painting among 1933 individuals. In Poisson regression models, age, ranging from newborns (cord blood) to 85 years, was strongly associated with TF and this relationship showed significant upward curvature at older ages versus a linear relationship (p < 0.001). Ever smokers had significantly higher TFs than non-smokers (rate ratio (RR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.30) and smoking modified the effect of age on TFs with a steeper age-related increase among ever smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.00 1). TFs did not differ by gender. Interpreting an independent effect of race was difficult owing to laboratory variation. Our study is three times larger than any pooled effort to date, confirming a suspected curvilinear relationship of TF with age. The significant effect of cigarette smoking has not been observed with previous pooled studies of TF in humans. Our data provide stable estimates of background TF by age, gender, race, and smoking status and suggest an acceleration of chromosome damage above age 60 and among those with a history of smoking cigarettes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tucker, James D.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Sigurdson, Alice J.; Ha, Mina; Bhatti, Parveen; Kleinerman, Ruth A.] NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ha, Mina] Dankook Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Cheonan, South Korea. [Hauptmann, Michael] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hauptmann, Michael] Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sram, Radim J.; Beskid, Olena] Inst Cent Bohemia, Lab Genet Ecotoxicol, Inst Expt Med & Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. [Tawn, E. Janet] Univ Cent Lancashire, Fac Hlth, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Lindholm, Carita] Radiat & Nucl Safety Author STUK, Helsinki, Finland. [Nakano, Mimako; Kodama, Yoshiaki; Nakamura, Nori] Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. [Oestreicher, Ursula; Stephan, Guenther] Fed Off Radiat Protect BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany. [Stephan, Guenther; Yong, Lee C.; Bauchinger, Manfred; Littlefield, L. Gayle; Edwards, Alan A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Bauchinger, Manfred; Schmid, Ernst] GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiobiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Chung, Hai Won] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mol Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. [Darroudi, Firouz] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Toxicogenet, Leiden, Netherlands. [Roy, Laurence; Voisin, Phillipe] IRSN, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Barquinero, Joan F.] UAB, Bellaterra, Spain. [Livingston, Gordon] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Emergency Assistance Ctr Training Site, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Blakey, David] Dept Hlth & Welf, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Hayata, Isamu] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 260, Japan. [Zhang, Wei; Wang, Chunyan] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Radiol Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Littlefield, L. Gayle] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Edwards, Alan A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Bennett, L. Michelle] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1370 Biol Sci Bldg,5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM jtucker@biology.biosci.wayne.edu RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/L-6487-2014; OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/0000-0003-0084-5268; Kleinerman, Ruth/0000-0001-7415-2478 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA059431-060001, P01 CA059431-070001, P01 CA059431-08, P01 CA059431-080001, P01 CA059431-08S10001, Y03 CO5117, Y1 CP 9012, Y3 CO 5117]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y2 AI 5077] NR 47 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 652 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.01.005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 311BZ UT WOS:000256576400002 PM 18337160 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, M Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, David M. Gudi, Ramadevi Szkudlinska, Anna Rao, Meena Recio, Leslie Kehl, Margaret Kirby, Paul E. Polzin, Gregory Richter, Patricia A. TI Genotoxicity of 10 cigarette smoke condensates in 9 four test systems: Comparisons between assays and condensates (vol 650, pg 15, 2008) SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Correction C1 [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gudi, Ramadevi; Szkudlinska, Anna; Rao, Meena] BioReliance, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Recio, Leslie; Kehl, Margaret] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Kirby, Paul E.] SITEK Res Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polzin, Gregory] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Richter, Patricia A.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pir1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 652 IS 2 BP 208 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.02.003 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 311BZ UT WOS:000256576400016 ER PT J AU Schneider, EC Nadel, MR Zaslavsky, AM McGlynn, EA AF Schneider, Eric C. Nadel, Marion R. Zaslavsky, Alan M. McGlynn, Elizabeth A. TI Assessment of the scientific soundness of clinical performance measures SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; MEDICARE MANAGED-CARE; SERVICES TASK-FORCE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; FAMILY-HISTORY; INFORMATION; GUIDELINES; VALIDITY; SYSTEM AB Background: Relatively few studies have evaluated the scientific soundness of widely used performance measures. This study evaluated quality measures by describing a field test of the colorectal cancer screening measure included in the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set of the National Committee for Quality Assurance. Methods: We conducted a field test in 5 health care plans that enrolled 189 193 individuals considered eligible for colorectal cancer screening. We assessed measurement bias by calculating the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening while varying the data sources used (administrative data only, a hybrid of administrative data and medical record data, and enrollee survey data only) and the minimum required enrollment period (2-10 years). Results: Across the 5 health care plans, the percentage of health care plan enrollees counted as screened varied according to the data used, ranging from 27.3% to 47.1% with the administrative data, 38.6% to 53.5% with the hybrid data, and 53.2% to 69.7% with the survey data. The relative ranking of plans also varied. One health care plan ranked first based on administrative data, second based on hybrid data, and fourth based on survey data. Survey respondents were more likely than non-respondents to have evidence of colorectal cancer screening (62.7% vs 46.5%; P<.001). Conclusions: Administrative data seem to underestimate colorectal cancer screening and survey data seem to overestimate it, suggesting that a hybrid data approach offers the most accurate measure of screening. Implementation of performance measures should include evaluation of their scientific soundness. C1 [Schneider, Eric C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schneider, Eric C.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nadel, Marion R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zaslavsky, Alan M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McGlynn, Elizabeth A.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Schneider, EC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 677 Huntington Ave,Room 406, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eschneid@hsph.harvard.edu OI Schneider, Eric/0000-0002-1132-5084 FU AHRQ HHS [R18 HS09473] NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 8 BP 876 EP 882 DI 10.1001/archinte.168.8.876 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 292EI UT WOS:000255248900016 PM 18443264 ER PT J AU Fontana, JM Bankamp, B Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Fontana, Judith M. Bankamp, Bettina Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI Regulation of interferon signaling by the C and V proteins from attenuated and wild-type strains of measles virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE morbillivirus; paramyxovirus; measles; C protein; V protein; interferon ID VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; CASEIN KINASE-II; SENDAI-VIRUS; SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION; NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; EXPRESSING CELLS; ALPHA-INTERFERON; GAMMA-INTERFERON AB The C and V proteins of the measles virus (MV) have been shown to block the signaling of type I and II interferon (IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma). The relative contribution of the C and V proteins to the inhibition of IFN signaling and the extent to which this activity differs in attenuated or wild-type strains of MV remains undefined. This study presents a comparison of the IFN-antagonist activities of C and V proteins from four attenuated and two wild-type strains of MV The V proteins were more potent inhibitors of IFN-inducible reporter gene expression than the C proteins, and this effect was unrelated to whether the protein originated from an attenuated or wild-type strain. The results also demonstrated the importance of the tyrosine at position 110 in the inhibition of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma signaling by the V protein, and identified a non-recombinant MV expressing a V protein that was impaired due to a mutation at this residue. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fontana, Judith M.; Bankamp, Bettina; Bellini, William J.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fontana, Judith M.] Emory Univ, Immunol & Mol Pathogenesis Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov OI Fontana, Judith/0000-0002-7379-2753 NR 78 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 374 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.031 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 293HA UT WOS:000255325100007 PM 18234267 ER PT J AU Kester, KE Cummings, JF Ockenhouse, CF Nielsen, R Hall, BT Gordon, DM Schwenk, RJ Krzych, U Holland, CA Richmond, G Dowler, MG Williams, J Wirtz, RA Tornieporth, N Vigneron, L Delchambre, M Demoitie, MA Ballou, WR Cohen, J Heppner, DG AF Kester, Kent E. Cummings, James F. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Nielsen, Robin Hall, B. Ted Gordon, Daniel M. Schwenk, Robert J. Krzych, Urszula Holland, Carolyn A. Richmond, Gregory Dowler, Megan G. Williams, Jackie Wirtz, Robert A. Tornieporth, Nadia Vigneron, Laurence Delchambre, Martine Demoitie, Marie-Ange Ballou, W. Ripley Cohen, Joe Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. TI Phase 2a trial of 0, 1, and 3 month and 0, 7, and 28 day immunization schedules of malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02 in malaria-naive adults at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RTS,S; malaria; vaccine; falciparum; adjuvant system; AS02; circumsporozoite protein; hepatitis B; antibody; clinical trials; rapid immunization; IFN-gamma; ELISPOT ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DRUG-RESISTANT MALARIA; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; SAFETY; INFECTION; CORRELATE AB Background: Immunization with RTS,S/AS02 consistently protects some vaccinees against malaria infection in experimental challenges and in field trials. A brief immunization schedule against falciparum malaria would be compatible with the Expanded Programme on Immunization, or in combination with other prevention measures, interrupt epidemic malaria or protect individuals upon sudden travel to an endemic area. Methods: We conducted an open label, Phase 2a trial of two different full dose schedules of RTS,S/AS02 in 40 healthy malaria-naive adults. Cohort 1 (n=20) was immunized on a 0, 1, and 3 month schedule and Cohort 2 (n = 20) on a 0, 7, and 28 day schedule. Three weeks later, 38 vaccinees and 12 unimmunized infectivity controls underwent malaria challenge. Results: Both regimens had a good safety and tolerability profile. Peak GMCs of antibody to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were similar in Cohort 1 (78 mu g/mL; 95% CI: 45-134) and Cohort 2 (65 mu g/mL; 95% CI: 40-104). Vaccine efficacy for Cohort 1 was 45% (95% CI: 18-62%) and for Cohort 2, 39% (95% CI: 11-56%). Protected volunteers had a higher GMC of anti-CSP antibody (114 mu g/mL) than did volunteers with a 2-day delay (70 mu g/mL) or no delay (30 mu g/mL) in the time to onset of parasitemia (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.019). A trend was seen for higher CSP-specific IFN-gamma responses in PBMC from protected volunteers only in Cohort 1, but not in Cohort 2, for ex vivo and for cultured ELISPOT assays. Conclusion: In malaria-naive adults, the efficacy of three-dose RTS,S/AS02 regimens on either a 0, 1, and 3 month schedule or an abbreviated 0, 7, and 28 day schedule was not discernibly different from two previously reported trials of two-dose regimens given at 0, 1 month that conferred 47% (95% CI: - 19 to 76%) protection and in another trial 42% (95% CI: 5-63%). A strong association of CSP-specific antibody with protection against malaria challenge is observed and confirms similar observations made in other studies. Subsequent trials of adjuvanted RTS,S in African children and infants on a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule have demonstrated a favorable safety and efficacy profile. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kester, Kent E.; Cummings, James F.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Nielsen, Robin; Hall, B. Ted; Gordon, Daniel M.; Schwenk, Robert J.; Krzych, Urszula; Holland, Carolyn A.; Richmond, Gregory; Dowler, Megan G.; Williams, Jackie; Heppner, D. Gray, Jr.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tornieporth, Nadia; Vigneron, Laurence; Delchambre, Martine; Demoitie, Marie-Ange; Ballou, W. Ripley; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Kester, KE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kent.kester@us.army.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011; Nielsen, Robin/B-6811-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 29 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 18 BP 2191 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.048 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 299SU UT WOS:000255776100004 PM 18387719 ER PT J AU Hsue, PY Deeks, SG Farah, HH Palav, S Ahmed, SY Schnell, A Ellman, AB Huang, L Dollard, SC Martin, JN AF Hsue, Priscilla Y. Deeks, Steven G. Farah, Husam H. Palav, Swapna Ahmed, Samira Y. Schnell, Amanda Ellman, Allison B. Huang, Laurence Dollard, Sheila C. Martin, Jeffrey N. TI Role of HIV and human herpesvirus-8 infection in pulmonary arterial hypertension SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 05-09, 2006 CL Denver, CO DE AIDS; HIV infection; human herpesvirus-8 infection; hypertension; pulmonary ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; JAPANESE PATIENTS; GROWTH-FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; EXPRESSION; REGURGITATION; DISEASE AB Background: Previous work has found a high prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in HIV-infected persons, but establishment of a causal relationship has been limited by the lack of well characterized contemporaneous HIV-uninfected comparator groups. Among HIV-uninfected persons, human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has also been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but whether this relationship occurs among HIV-infected persons - who have among the highest prevalence of HHV-8 infection - has not been examined. Methods and results: We echocardiographically calculated pulmonary artery systolic pressure and measured HHV-8 antibodies in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults. Among the 196 HIV-infected participants, the median pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was 27.5 mmHg and 35.2% had PASP greater than 30 mmHg. This compared to a median of 22 mmHg among 52 HIV-uninfected participants in whom 7.7% had a PASP greater than 30 mmHg (P < 0.001). After adjustment for injecting drug and stimulant use, smoking, age, and gender, HIV-infected participants had 5.1 mmHg higher mean PASP and seven fold greater odds of having a PASP greater than 30 mmHg (P<0.001). Although we found no association between HHV-8 and PAH among all HIV-infected participants, a borderline relationship was present when restricting to those without risk factors for PAH. Conclusion: HIV-infected persons have a high prevalence of elevated PASP, which is independent of other risk factors for PAH. This suggests a causal role of HIV in PAH and emphasizes the need to understand the natural history of PAH in this setting. A role for HHV-8 infection in PAH remains much less definitive. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Hsue, Priscilla Y.; Farah, Husam H.; Palav, Swapna; Ahmed, Samira Y.; Schnell, Amanda] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Deeks, Steven G.; Huang, Laurence; Martin, Jeffrey N.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Ellman, Allison B.; Martin, Jeffrey N.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Dollard, Sheila C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hsue, PY (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Room 5G1,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM phsue@medsfgh.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA119903]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000083, MO1 RR000083]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL091526, R01 HL091526-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027763, P30 AI27763, R01 AI052745] NR 46 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 7 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f7cd42 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 299NA UT WOS:000255761100004 PM 18427200 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Mixson, TR Stromdahl, EY Yabsley, MJ Garrison, LE Williamson, PC Fitak, RR Fuerst, PA Kelly, DJ Blount, KW AF Loftis, Amanda D. Mixson, Tonya R. Stromdahl, Ellen Y. Yabsley, Michael J. Garrison, Laurel E. Williamson, Phillip C. Fitak, Robert R. Fuerst, Paul A. Kelly, Daryl J. Blount, Keith W. TI Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the Ehrlichia sp from Panola Mountain in Amblyomma americanum SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; CENTRAL TEXAS; HEARTWATER; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; TICKS; MAINLAND; SEQUENCE AB Background: A novel Ehrlichia, closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium, was recently discovered from Panola Mountain State Park, GA, USA. We conducted a study to determine if this agent was recently introduced into the United States. Methods: We developed a sensitive PCR assay based on the conserved gltA (citrate synthase) gene and tested DNA samples extracted from 1964 field-collected and 1835 human-biting Amblyomma americanum from 23 eastern states of the USA. Results: The novel agent was detected in 36 ticks collected from 10 states between 1998 and 2006. Infected ticks were collected both from vegetation (n = 14, 0.7%) and from humans (n = 22, 1.2%). Fragments of the conserved gltA gene and the variable map1 gene were sequenced from positive samples. Two distinct clades, with 10.5% nucleic acid divergence over the 730 bp map1 sequence, were identified. Conclusion: These data suggest that the Panola Mountain Ehrlichia was not recently introduced to the United States; this agent has an extensive distribution throughout the range of its tick vector, has been present in some locations for several years, and displays genetic variability. Furthermore, people in several states were exposed to this agent through the bite of infected ticks, underscoring the potential public health risk of this emerging ehrlichiosis. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.; Mixson, Tonya R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stromdahl, Ellen Y.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garrison, Laurel E.] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Williamson, Phillip C.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, DNA Ident Lab, Dept Pathol & Human Identificat, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Fitak, Robert R.; Fuerst, Paul A.; Kelly, Daryl J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, Keith W.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM adloftis@gmail.com; zdy0@cdc.gov; ellen.stromdahl@us.army.mil; myabsley@vet.uga.edu; legarrison@dhr.state.ga.us; phwilliam@hsc.unt.edu; fitak.2@osu.edu; fuerst.1@osu.edu; kelly.350@osu.edu; keith.blount@brooks.af.mil NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-8-54 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 308DK UT WOS:000256368300002 PM 18433500 ER PT J AU Bergmire-Sweat, D Schlegel, J Marin, C Winpisinger, K Perry, C Sotir, M Harris, J AF Bergmire-Sweat, D. Schlegel, J. Marin, C. Winpisinger, K. Perry, C. Sotir, M. Harris, J. TI Multistate outbreak of human Salmonella infections associated with exposure to turtles - United States, 2007-2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 69-72, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; REPTILES C1 [Bergmire-Sweat, D.] N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Schlegel, J.; Marin, C.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Winpisinger, K.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Perry, C.; Sotir, M.; Harris, J.] CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bergmire-Sweat, D (reprint author), N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 16 BP 1892 EP 1894 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 291AD UT WOS:000255163800010 ER PT J AU Beckles, GLA AF Beckles, G. L. A. TI The St James Cardiovascular Study: Achievements and legacy SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRINIDAD; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; RISK; MEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beckles, GLA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 57 SU 2 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 308HN UT WOS:000256379400003 ER PT J AU Yu, W Clyne, M Dolan, SM Yesupriya, A Wulf, A Liu, TB Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Yu, Wei Clyne, Melinda Dolan, Siobhan M. Yesupriya, Ajay Wulf, Anja Liu, Tiebin Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta TI GAPscreener: An automatic tool for screening human genetic association literature in PubMed using the support vector machine technique SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; TEXT; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS; HAIRPINS; DATABASE AB Background: Synthesis of data from published human genetic association studies is a critical step in the translation of human genome discoveries into health applications. Although genetic association studies account for a substantial proportion of the abstracts in PubMed, identifying them with standard queries is not always accurate or efficient. Further automating the literature-screening process can reduce the burden of a labor-intensive and time-consuming traditional literature search. The Support Vector Machine ( SVM), a well-established machine learning technique, has been successful in classifying text, including biomedical literature. The GAPscreener, a free SVM-based software tool, can be used to assist in screening PubMed abstracts for human genetic association studies. Results: The data source for this research was the HuGE Navigator, formerly known as the HuGE Pub Lit database. Weighted SVM feature selection based on a keyword list obtained by the two-way z score method demonstrated the best screening performance, achieving 97.5% recall, 98.3% specificity and 31.9% precision in performance testing. Compared with the traditional screening process based on a complex PubMed query, the SVM tool reduced by about 90% the number of abstracts requiring individual review by the database curator. The tool also ascertained 47 articles that were missed by the traditional literature screening process during the 4-week test period. We examined the literature on genetic associations with preterm birth as an example. Compared with the traditional, manual process, the GAPscreener both reduced effort and improved accuracy. Conclusion: GAPscreener is the first free SVM-based application available for screening the human genetic association literature in PubMed with high recall and specificity. The user-friendly graphical user interface makes this a practical, stand-alone application. The software can be downloaded at no charge. C1 [Yu, Wei; Clyne, Melinda; Yesupriya, Ajay; Wulf, Anja; Liu, Tiebin; Khoury, Muin J.; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dolan, Siobhan M.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM WYu@cdc.gov; MClyne@cdc.gov; siobhanmdolan@yahoo.com; AYesupriya@cdc.gov; AWulf@cdc.gov; TLiu@cdc.gov; MKhoury@cdc.gov; MGwinn@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 205 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-205 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 303JQ UT WOS:000256037200001 PM 18430222 ER PT J AU Li, H Soroka, SD Taylor, TH Stamey, KL Stinson, KW Freeman, AE Abramson, DR Desai, R Cronin, LX Oxford, JW Caba, J Pleatman, C Pathak, S Schmidt, DS Semenova, VA Martin, SK Wilkins, PP Quinn, CP AF Li, Han Soroka, Stephen D. Taylor, Thomas H., Jr. Stamey, Karen L. Stinson, Kelly Wallace Freeman, Alison E. Abramson, Darbi R. Desai, Rita Cronin, Li X. Oxford, J. Wade Caba, Joseph Pleatman, Cynthia Pathak, Sonal Schmidt, Daniel S. Semenova, Vera A. Martin, Sandra K. Wilkins, Patricia P. Quinn, Conrad P. TI Standardized, mathematical model-based and validated in vitro analysis of anthrax lethal toxin neutralization SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE anthrax toxin; neutralization; validation; 4 parameter logistic; standardization; antibody ID RECOMBINANT PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; VACCINE ADSORBED AVA; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; MACROPHAGES; IMMUNITY; ASSAY AB Quantification of anthrax lethal toxin (LTx) neutralization activity (TNA) is pivotal in assessing protective antibody responses to anthrax vaccines and for evaluation of immunotherapies for anthrax. We have adapted and redesigned the TNA assay to establish a unifying, standardized, quantitative and validated technology platform for LTx neutralization in the J774A.1 murine cell line. Critical design features of this platform are 1) the application of a free-form or constrained 4 parameter logistic (4-PL) function to model neutralization responses within and between boundary limits of 100% cell survival and 95% cell lysis and 2) to exploit innovative assay curve recognition algorithms for interpretive endpoints. The assay was validated using human serum ED50 (dilution of serum effecting 50% neutralization) as the primary reportable value (RV). Intra-operator and intermediate precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation (%CV), were high at 10.5-15.5%CV and 13.5-14.5%CV respectively. TNA assay dilutional linearity was demonstrated for human sera using linear regression analysis of log(10) transformed data with slope=0.99, intercept=-0.03 and r(2)=0.985. Assay accuracy, inferred from the precision and linearity data and using a spike-recovery approach, was high with a percent error (%E) range of only 3.4-20.5%E. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) was ED50=12 and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was ED50 = 36. The cell-based assay was robust, tolerating incubation temperatures from 35 to 39 degrees C, CO2 concentrations from 3% to 7% and reporter substrate (MTT) concentrations of 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. Strict assay quality control parameters were met for up to 25 cell culture passages. The long term (50 month) assay stability, determined using human reference standards AVR414 and AVR801, indicated high precision, consistent accuracy and no detectable assay drift. A customized software program provided two additional assay metrics, Quantification Titer (QT) and Threshold Titer (TT), both of which demonstrate acceptable accuracy, precision and dilutional linearity. The TT was also used to establish the assay reactivity threshold (RT). The application of the assay to sera from humans, Rhesuis macaques and rabbits was demonstrated separately and by aggregate dilutional linearity analysis of the ED50 (slope=0.98, intercept= 0.003, r(2)=0.989). We propose this TNA assay format with a qualified standard reference serum and customized interpretive software as a unifying platform technology for determination of functional serologic responses to anthrax vaccines and for evaluation of anthrax immunotherapeutics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Han; Soroka, Stephen D.; Taylor, Thomas H., Jr.; Stamey, Karen L.; Stinson, Kelly Wallace; Freeman, Alison E.; Abramson, Darbi R.; Desai, Rita; Cronin, Li X.; Oxford, J. Wade; Caba, Joseph; Pleatman, Cynthia; Pathak, Sonal; Schmidt, Daniel S.; Semenova, Vera A.; Martin, Sandra K.; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Nat Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis,Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Nat Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis,Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cquinn@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 333 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2008.01.007 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 299CX UT WOS:000255734500009 PM 18304568 ER PT J AU Russell, CA Jones, TC Barr, IG Cox, NJ Garten, RJ Gregory, V Gust, ID Hampson, AW Hay, AJ Hurt, AC de Jong, JC Kelso, A Klimov, AI Kageyama, T Komadina, N Lapedes, AS Lin, YP Mosterin, A Obuchi, M Odagiri, T Osterhaus, ADME Rimmelzwaan, GF Shaw, MW Skepner, E Stohr, K Tashiro, M Fouchier, RAM Smith, DJ AF Russell, Colin A. Jones, Terry C. Barr, Ian G. Cox, Nancy J. Garten, Rebecca J. Gregory, Vicky Gust, Ian D. Hampson, Alan W. Hay, Alan J. Hurt, Aeron C. de Jong, Jan C. Kelso, Anne Klimov, Alexander I. Kageyama, Tsutomu Komadina, Naomi Lapedes, Alan S. Lin, Yi P. Mosterin, Ana Obuchi, Masatsugu Odagiri, Takato Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. Rimmelzwaan, Guus F. Shaw, Michael W. Skepner, Eugene Stohr, Klaus Tashiro, Masato Fouchier, Ron A. M. Smith, Derek J. TI The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMICS; EVOLUTION; REASSORTMENT; HIERARCHIES; INFECTIONS; REVEALS; BRAZIL AB Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of similar to 13,000 human influenza A ( H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002- 2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia ( E- SE Asia) via a region- wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A ( H3N2) viruses leave E- SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long- term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A ( H3N2) viruses outside E- SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E- SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection. C1 [Russell, Colin A.; Jones, Terry C.; Mosterin, Ana; Skepner, Eugene; Smith, Derek J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. [Jones, Terry C.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Smith, Derek J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Jones, Terry C.] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. [Barr, Ian G.; Gust, Ian D.; Hampson, Alan W.; Hurt, Aeron C.; Kelso, Anne; Komadina, Naomi] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cox, Nancy J.; Garten, Rebecca J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Shaw, Michael W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Atlanta, GA USA. [Obuchi, Masatsugu; Odagiri, Takato; Tashiro, Masato] Natl Inst Med Res, WHO Collaborating Ctr Influenza, London NW7 1AA, England. [Gregory, Vicky; Lin, Yi P.] Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. [Lapedes, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Stohr, Klaus] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. EM dsmith@zoo.cam.ac.uk RI Russell, Colin/B-2226-2008; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014 OI Osterhaus, Albert/0000-0002-6074-1172; Russell, Colin/0000-0002-2113-162X; Hurt, Aeron/0000-0003-1826-4314; Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869 FU Medical Research Council [, MC_U117512723]; NIH HHS [DP1-OD000490-01] NR 33 TC 374 Z9 396 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5874 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1126/science.1154137 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZZ UT WOS:000255026100034 PM 18420927 ER PT J AU Klein, NP Yih, WK Marin, M Jumaan, AO Seward, JF Broder, K Iskander, J Snider, DE AF Klein, N. P. Yih, W. K. Marin, M. Jumaan, A. O. Seward, J. F. Broder, K. Iskander, J. Snider, D. E., Jr. TI Update: Recommendations from the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 258-260, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RUBELLA; MEASLES; MUMPS C1 [Klein, N. P.] Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. [Yih, W. K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Yih, W. K.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Marin, M.; Jumaan, A. O.; Seward, J. F.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Broder, K.; Iskander, J.] CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Snider, D. E., Jr.] CDC, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klein, NP (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 15 BP 1765 EP 1766 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287ZA UT WOS:000254954800010 ER PT J AU Halpin, HA McMenamin, SB Cella, CA Bellows, NM Husten, CG AF Halpin, H. A. McMenamin, S. B. Cella, C. A. Bellows, N. M. Husten, C. G. TI State medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 117-122, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Halpin, H. A.; McMenamin, S. B.; Cella, C. A.; Bellows, N. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth & Publ Policy Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Husten, C. G.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Halpin, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth & Publ Policy Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 15 BP 1766 EP 1768 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287ZA UT WOS:000254954800011 ER PT J AU Lo, CY Wu, ZQ Misplon, JA Price, GE Pappas, C Kong, WP Turnpey, TM Epstein, SL AF Lo, Chia-Yun Wu, Zhengqi Misplon, Julia A. Price, Graeme E. Pappas, Claudia Kong, Wing-Pui Turnpey, Terrence M. Epstein, Suzanne L. TI Comparison of vaccines for induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus: Cold-adapted vaccine versus DNA prime-adenovirus boost strategies SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; pandemic; heterosubtypic immunity ID HETEROTYPIC IMMUNITY; H5N1 VIRUSES; T-CELLS; RELATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY; INACTIVATED VACCINES; MATRIX PROTEIN-2; DONOR STRAINS; M2 PROTEIN; MICE; LIVE AB Influenza epidemics or pandemics can arise for which strain- or subtype-matched vaccines are unavailable. Heterosubtypic immunity (Het-1) targeting conserved influenza A antigens could reduce morbidity and mortality during preparation of matched vaccines. Various vaccines inducing Het-I in animals have been studied separately using different viruses and conditions, but effectiveness for inducing Het-1 has not been directly compared. The present studies compared immunization with cold-adapted (ca) viruses to DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus (rAd) boost vaccination to conserved antigens nucleoprotein (NP), matrix-2 (M2), or A/NP+M2. Both ca and DNA-rAd vaccinations induced antibody and T cell responses, and protected against lethal H1N1 challenge. Only A/NP+M2 DNA-rAd protected against challenge with highly pathogenic A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1); ca vaccine did not. Existing ca vaccines may provide some Het-1, but experimental vaccination focusing on conserved antigens was more effective in this model for protection against a divergent, highly pathogenic virus. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lo, Chia-Yun; Wu, Zhengqi; Misplon, Julia A.; Price, Graeme E.; Epstein, Suzanne L.] US FDA, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapies, CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Pappas, Claudia; Turnpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Cooodinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kong, Wing-Pui] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Epstein, SL (reprint author), US FDA, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapies, CBER, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-730, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM suzanne.epstein@fda.hhs.gov NR 42 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 17 BP 2062 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.047 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 300LE UT WOS:000255824500004 PM 18378366 ER PT J AU Liniger, M Zuniga, A Tamin, A Azzouz-Morin, TN Knuchel, M Marty, RR Wiegand, M Weibel, S Kelvin, D Rota, PA Naim, HY AF Liniger, Matthias Zuniga, Armando Tamin, Azaibi Azzouz-Morin, Teldja N. Knuchel, Marlyse Marty, Rene R. Wiegand, Marian Weibel, Sara Kelvin, David Rota, Paul A. Naim, Hussein Y. TI Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE recombinant vaccines; measles virus; viral vectors; SARS ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MUMPS VACCINATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ACTIVE IMMUNITY; S-GLYCOPROTEIN; SPIKE PROTEIN AB Live attenuated recombinant measles viruses (rMV) expressing a codon-optimised spike glycoprotein (S) or nucleocapsid protein (N) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were generated (rMV-S and rMV-N). Both recombinant viruses stably expressed the corresponding SARS-CoV proteins, grew to similar end titres as the parental strain and induced high antibody titres against MV and the vectored SARS-CoV antigens (S and N) transgenic mice susceptible to measles infection. The antibodies induced by rMV-S had a high neutralising effect on SARS-CoV as well as on MV. Moreover, significant N-specific cellular immune responses were measured by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. The pre-existence of anti-MV antibodies induced by the initial immunisation dose did not inhibit boost of anti-S and anti-N antibodies. Immunisations comprising a mixture of rMV-S and rMV-N induced immune responses similar in magnitude to that of vaccine components administered separately. These data support the suitability of MV as a bivalent candidate vaccine vector against MV and emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liniger, Matthias; Zuniga, Armando; Azzouz-Morin, Teldja N.; Knuchel, Marlyse; Marty, Rene R.; Wiegand, Marian; Weibel, Sara; Naim, Hussein Y.] Berna Biotech Crucell Co, CH-3018 Bern, Switzerland. [Tamin, Azaibi; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kelvin, David] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Naim, HY (reprint author), Berna Biotech Crucell Co, Rehhagstr 79, CH-3018 Bern, Switzerland. EM Hussein.Naim@bernabiotech.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI46007] NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 17 BP 2164 EP 2174 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.057 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 300LE UT WOS:000255824500015 PM 18346823 ER PT J AU Samanic, CM De Roos, AJ Stewart, PA Rajaraman, P Waters, MA Inskip, PD AF Samanic, Claudine M. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Stewart, Patricia A. Rajaraman, Preetha Waters, Martha A. Inskip, Peter D. TI Occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of adult brain tumors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE central nervous system neoplasms; incidence; pesticides; United States ID CANCER MORTALITY; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; WORKERS; MANUFACTURE; MENINGIOMA; GLIOMA; APPLICATORS AB The authors examined incident glioma and meningioma risk associated with occupational exposure to insecticides and herbicides in a hospital-based, case-control study of brain cancer. Cases were 462 glioma and 195 meningioma patients diagnosed between 1994 and 1998 in three US hospitals. Controls were 765 patients admitted to the same hospitals for nonmalignant conditions. Occupational histories were collected during personal interviews. Exposure to pesticides was estimated by use of a questionnaire, combined with pesticide measurement data abstracted from published sources. Using logistic regression models, the authors found no association between insecticide and herbicide exposures and risk for glioma and meningioma. There was no association between glioma and exposure to insecticides or herbicides, in men or women. Women who reported ever using herbicides had a significantly increased risk for meningioma compared with women who never used herbicides (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 4.3), and there were significant trends of increasing risk with increasing years of herbicide exposure (p = 0.01) and increasing cumulative exposure (p = 0.01). There was no association between meningioma and herbicide or insecticide exposure among men. These findings highlight the need to go beyond job title to elucidate potential carcinogenic exposures within different occupations. C1 [Samanic, Claudine M.; Stewart, Patricia A.; Rajaraman, Preetha; Inskip, Peter D.] US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Waters, Martha A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Samanic, CM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8003, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM samanicc@mail.nih.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA CP010135-18]; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-15679-01] NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 8 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm401 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286VU UT WOS:000254874900012 PM 18299277 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA AF Boulet, Sheree L. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Honein, Margaret A. TI A population-based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE craniosynostosis; craniofacial abnormalities; epidemiology; prevalence ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CLINICAL FINDINGS; MATERNAL SMOKING; CERTIFICATE DATA; GESTATIONAL-AGE; INCREASED RISK; VALIDATION; SYNOSTOSIS; PROGRAM AB Craniosynostosis is a birth defect characterized by premature fusion of one or more cranial Sutures. We describe the birth prevalence of craniosynostosis and related risk factors among infants born to residents of metropolitan Atlanta during 1989-2003. Data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) were used to identify, infants with craniosynostosis. Case records with a code for craniosynostosis were reviewed to substantiate the diagnosis of craniosynostosis and to classify infants as having isolated craniosynostosis (no other unrelated major defects), multiple defects (one or more additional major, unrelated defects), or a syndrome (recognized or strongly suspected single-gene condition or chromosome abnormality). Vital records data on births of Georgia residents were used to analyze craniosynostosis prevalence by year of birth, maternal race and age, parity, plurality, and infants' sex, birth weight, and gestational age. We identified 281 infants born with craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta during 1989-2003: 84% with isolated craniosynostosis, 7% with multiple defects, and 9% with syndromes. The birth prevalence was 4.3 per 10,000 births, results consistent with findings from other population-based studies using similar case definitions. Apert syndrome was diagnosed in 40% of the syndromic cases, and sagittal synostosis was diagnosed in 39% of the cases of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Maternal age 35 years or older, multiple birth, male sex, and birth weight >4,000 g were risk factors for craniosynostosis. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Boulet, Sheree L.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 8 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32208 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 282SO UT WOS:000254587700003 PM 18344207 ER PT J AU Luna, LG Williams, TL Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Luna, Leah G. Williams, Tracie. L. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI Ultra performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for the absolute quantification of proteins and peptides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PLASMA; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; MS-MS; UPLC; STRATEGIES; BIOMARKER; VACCINES; URINE; FOODS AB A selective, rapid, and sensitive 12.7-min ultra performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ID/MS/MS) method was developed and compared to conventional high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ID/MS/MS) for the absolute quantitative determination of multiple proteins from complex matrixes. The UPLC analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C-18 reversed-phase column (50 x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7-mu m particle size) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 300 mu L/min. For the HPLC separation, a similar gradient profile on a reversed-phase C18 column with dimensions of 150 x 1.0 min at a flow rate of 30 mu L/min was utilized. The aqueous and organic mobile phases were 0. 1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, respectively. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 1090 fmol/mu L. Relative standard deviation values equal to or less than 6.5% were obtained by the UPLC-ID/MS/ MS method, thus demonstrating performance equivalent to conventional HPLC-ID/MS/MS for isotope dilution quantification of peptides and proteins. UPLC provides additional dimensions of rapid analysis time and high-sample throughput, which expands'laboratory emergency response capabilities over conventional HPLC. C1 [Luna, Leah G.; Williams, Tracie. L.; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jBarr@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2688 EP 2693 DI 10.1021/ac701945h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 288EN UT WOS:000254969100007 PM 18348541 ER PT J AU Workowski, KA Berman, SM Douglas, JM AF Workowski, Kimberly A. Berman, Stuart M. Douglas, John M. TI Emerging antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Urgent need to strengthen prevention strategies SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; SEX; MEN; UPDATE; DRUGS AB Prevention and control of gonorrhea is an important public health concern due to the high burden of disease, the recent increase in reported infection rates, and the reproductive and economic consequences of infection. Effective antibiotic treatment is one essential component of an integrated approach to gonorrhea control. Over the past 60 years, however, development of resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae to multiple antimicrobial classes challenges this component of gonorrhea control. An integrated, comprehensive prevention strategy should include enhancement of national and international surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance and new strategies to maximize the benefit and prolong the utility of antimicrobials, including combination regimens, implementation of screening recommendations for individuals at high risk for infection, and the assurance of prompt and effective treatment for infected persons and their sexual partners. Progress in controlling the epidemic and avoiding a resurgence as treatment options wane will require careful attention to all components of a comprehensive prevention strategy. C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Workowski, KA (reprint author), 10 Corp Square,Corp Square Blvd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kgw2@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 8 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290LF UT WOS:000255123600005 PM 18413622 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS Shehab, N Kegler, SR Richards, CL AF Budnitz, Daniel S. Shehab, Nadine Kegler, Scott R. Richards, Chesley L. TI Is it safe to conclude that beers criteria medications led to few adverse events? In response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Budnitz, Daniel S.; Shehab, Nadine; Kegler, Scott R.; Richards, Chesley L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 8 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 290LF UT WOS:000255123600017 ER PT J AU Cortese, MM Jordan, HT Curns, AT Quinlan, PA Ens, KA Denning, PM Dayan, GH AF Cortese, Margaret M. Jordan, Hannah T. Curns, Aaron T. Quinlan, Patricia A. Ens, Kim A. Denning, Patricia M. Dayan, Gustavo H. TI Mumps vaccine performance among university students during a mumps outbreak SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; FAILURE; IMMUNITY; SPREAD; UPDATE AB Background. The largest reported mumps outbreak at a US college in 19 years occurred in 2006 at a Kansas university with a 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination policy. We assessed vaccine performance and mumps risk factors, including the possibility of waning vaccine protection. Methods. Case students were compared with a cohort of the university's similar to 19,000 undergraduates. The secondary attack rate for clinical mumps was determined among roommates exposed to case students. Time from receipt of the second dose of MMR vaccine was compared between case students and roommates without mumps. Results. Coverage with >= 2 dose of MMR vaccine was >= 95% among 140 undergraduate case students and 444 cohort students. The secondary attack rate for clinical mumps among roommates who had received 2 doses of vaccine ranged from 2.2% to 7.7%, depending on the case definition. Compared with roommates without mumps, case students were more likely (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-4.82) to have received their second dose of MMR vaccine >= 10 years earlier. The odds of being a case student increased with each 1-year increase in time from receipt of the second dose of MMR vaccine (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.68) among case students and roommates aged 18-19 years but not among those aged >= 20 years. Students aged 18-19 years had a higher risk of mumps (risk ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-6.16), compared with students aged >= 22 years; women living in dormitories had increased risk of mumps (risk ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.76), compared with men not living in dormitories. Conclusion. High 2-dose MMR coverage protected many students from developing mumps but was not sufficient to prevent the mumps outbreak. Vaccine-induced protection may wane. Similar US settings where large numbers of young adults from wild-type naive cohorts live closely together may be at particular risk for mumps outbreaks. C1 [Cortese, Margaret M.; Jordan, Hannah T.; Curns, Aaron T.; Dayan, Gustavo H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jordan, Hannah T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quinlan, Patricia A.; Denning, Patricia M.] Univ Kansas, Watkins Mem Hlth Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ens, Kim A.] Lawrence Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/529141 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 285CH UT WOS:000254754400009 PM 18444852 ER PT J AU Furuya, EY Paez, A Srinivasan, A Cooksey, R Augenbraun, M Baron, M Brudney, K Della-Latta, P Estivariz, C Fischer, S Flood, M Kellner, P Roman, C Yakrus, M Weiss, D Granowitz, EV AF Furuya, E. Yoko Paez, Armando Srinivasan, Arjun Cooksey, Robert Augenbraun, Michael Baron, Miriam Brudney, Karen Della-Latta, Phyllis Estivariz, Concepcion Fischer, Staci Flood, Mary Kellner, Pamela Roman, Carmen Yakrus, Mitchell Weiss, Don Granowitz, Eric V. TI Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus wound infections among "Lipotourists" from the United States who underwent abdominoplasty in the Dominican Republic SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; CHELONAE; SURGERY; SKIN; DNA; LIPOSUCTION; CELLULITIS; OFFSHORE AB Background. Some US residents travel abroad to undergo cosmetic surgery for fat removal, a practice referred to as "lipotourism." Mycobacterium abscessus can cause postsurgical wound infection. Methods. US residents who developed M. abscessus wound infection after undergoing cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic in 2003 and 2004 were identified using the Emerging Infections Network listserv. Results. Twenty returning US travelers with M. abscessus infection were detected. Eight patients had matching isolates, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive element polymerase chain reaction. All 8 patients, who had previously been healthy Hispanic women, underwent abdominoplasties at the same clinic in the Dominican Republic. Symptoms first developed 2-18 weeks after the procedure (median interval, 7 weeks). Only 2 of the 8 patients received a correct diagnosis at the initial presentation. Most patients presented with painful, erythematous, draining subcutaneous abdominal nodules. Seven patients underwent drainage procedures. Six patients received a combination of antibiotics that included a macrolide plus cefoxitin, imipenem, amikacin, and/or linezolid; 2 received clarithromycin monotherapy. All patients but 1 were cured after a median of 9 months of therapy (range, 2-12 months). Because of a lack of access to the surgical clinic, the cause of the outbreak of infection was not identified. The patients who were infected with nonmatching isolates underwent surgeries in different facilities but otherwise had demographic characteristics and clinical presentations similar to those of the 8 patients infected with matching isolates. Conclusions. This case series of M. abscessus infection in US "lipotourists" highlights the risks of traveling abroad for surgery and the potential role of the Internet in identifying and investigating outbreaks. C1 [Paez, Armando; Granowitz, Eric V.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. [Furuya, E. Yoko; Brudney, Karen; Flood, Mary] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Med Ctr, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. [Della-Latta, Phyllis] Columbia Univ, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. [Augenbraun, Michael] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Kellner, Pamela; Roman, Carmen; Weiss, Don] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Baron, Miriam] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cooksey, Robert; Yakrus, Mitchell] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Estivariz, Concepcion] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fischer, Staci] Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Granowitz, EV (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. EM eric.granowitz@bhs.org NR 34 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1181 EP 1188 DI 10.1086/529191 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 285CH UT WOS:000254754400010 PM 18444853 ER PT J AU James, L Roberts, R Jones, RC Watson, JT Hota, BN Kampe, LM Weinstein, RA Gerber, SI AF James, Lyn Roberts, Rebecca Jones, Roderick C. Watson, John T. Hota, Bala N. Kampe, Linda M. Weinstein, Robert A. Gerber, Susan I. TI Emergency care physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to surveillance for foodborne disease in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; DIARRHEA; FOODNET; BURDEN AB During the past decade, the incidence of certain bacterial pathogens that are commonly transmitted through food in the United States has decreased. Concurrently, the emergency department has become an increasingly common setting for health care. Because public health surveillance for bacterial foodborne diseases fundamentally depends on stool cultures, we conducted a survey of physicians who attended an emergency medicine conference to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices among this provider population. A convenience sample of 162 physicians, representing 34 states, provided responses. Thirty-eight percent reported having ordered a stool culture for the most recent patient with acute diarrheal illness examined in the emergency department, but only 26% of the physicians subsequently received the stool culture results. For only 2 pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella species) did at least one-half of the respondents provide the correct response regarding whether selected diarrheal disease pathogens were reportable in their state. Responses indicated familiarity with the Infectious Diseases Society of America's practice guidelines regarding stool cultures for patients with severe symptoms and a history of travel, but less so with characteristics of public health importance (i.e., attendance at day care and employment as a restaurant cook). We recommend that educational opportunities be made available to emergency care physicians that highlight the public health significance of acute diarrheal illness and that reinforce guidelines regarding culturing stool specimens, making recommendations to prevent further transmission, and reporting to local health authorities. C1 [James, Lyn; Jones, Roderick C.; Watson, John T.; Gerber, Susan I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Roberts, Rebecca; Hota, Bala N.; Kampe, Linda M.; Weinstein, Robert A.] John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. [James, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, RC (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, 2160 W Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Jones_Roderick@cdph.org NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1264 EP 1270 DI 10.1086/533445 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 285CH UT WOS:000254754400023 PM 18444866 ER PT J AU McKernan, LT Ruder, AM Petersen, MR Hein, MJ Forrester, CL Sanderson, WT Ashley, DL Butler, MA AF McKernan, Lauralynn T. Ruder, Avima M. Petersen, Martin R. Hein, Misty J. Forrester, Christy L. Sanderson, Wayne T. Ashley, David L. Butler, Mary A. TI Biological exposure assessment to tetrachloroethylene for workers in the dry cleaning industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BLOOD; URINE AB Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting biological tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) exposure assessments of dry cleaning employees in conjunction with evaluation of possible PCE health effects. Methods: Eighteen women from four dry cleaning facilities in southwestern Ohio were monitored in a pilot study of workers with PCE exposure. Personal breathing zone samples were collected from each employee on two consecutive work days. Biological monitoring included a single measurement of PCE in blood and multiple measurements of pre- and post-shift PCE in exhaled breath and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine. Results: Post-shift PCE in exhaled breath gradually increased throughout the work week. Statistically significant correlations were observed among the exposure indices. Decreases in PCE in exhaled breath and TCA in urine were observed after two days without exposure to PCE. A mixed-effects model identified statistically significant associations between PCE in exhaled breath and airborne PCE time weighted average (TWA) after adjusting for a random participant effect and fixed effects of time and body mass index. Conclusion: Although comprehensive, our sampling strategy was challenging to implement due to fluctuating work schedules and the number (pre- and post-shift on three consecutive days) and multiplicity (air, blood, exhaled breath, and urine) of samples collected. PCE in blood is the preferred biological index to monitor exposures, but may make recruitment difficult. PCE TWA sampling is an appropriate surrogate, although more field intensive. Repeated measures of exposure and mixed-effects modeling may be required for future studies due to high within-subject variability. Workers should be monitored over a long enough period of time to allow the use of a lag term. C1 [McKernan, Lauralynn T.; Ruder, Avima M.; Petersen, Martin R.; Hein, Misty J.; Forrester, Christy L.; Butler, Mary A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sanderson, Wayne T.] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Ashley, David L.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM LTaylor@cdc.gov; ARuder@cdc.gov; MPetersen@cdc.gov; MHein@cdc.gov; CForrester@cdc.gov; wayne-sanderson@uiowa.edu; DAshley@cdc.gov; MButler@cdc.gov RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-12 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305YB UT WOS:000256212600001 PM 18412959 ER PT J AU Craw, JA Gardner, LI Marks, G Rapp, RC Bosshart, J Duffus, WA Rossman, A Coughlin, SL Gruber, D Safford, LA Overton, J Schmitt, K AF Craw, Jason A. Gardner, Lytt I. Marks, Gary Rapp, Richard C. Bosshart, Jeff Duffus, Wayne A. Rossman, Amber Coughlin, Susan L. Gruber, DeAnn Safford, Lauretta A. Overton, Jon Schmitt, Karla TI Brief strengths-based case management promotes entry into HIV medical care - Results of the antiretroviral treatment access study-II SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE case management; community-based organizations; entry into care; health departments; HIV medical care; linkage ID SUBSTANCE-ABUSE TREATMENT; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LATE DIAGNOSIS; DRUG-USERS; VIRAL LOAD; SERVICES; STRATEGIES; DELAY AB Objective: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study-II (ARTAS-II) evaluated a brief case management intervention delivered in health departments and community-based organizations (CBOs) to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to medical care rapidly. Methods: Recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons were recruited from 10 study sites across the United States during 2005 to 2006. The intervention consisted of up to 5 sessions with an ARTAS linkage case manager over a 90-day period. The outcome measure was whether or not the participant had seen an HIV medical care provider at least once within 6 months of enrollment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of receiving HIV medical care. Results: Seventy-nine percent (497 of 626) of participants visited an HIV clinician at least once within the first 6 months. Participants who were older than 25 years of age, Hispanic, and stably housed; had not recently used noninjection drugs; had attended 2 or more sessions with the case manager; and were recruited at a study site that had HIV medical care colocated on its premises were all significantly more likely to have received HIV care. Conclusions: The ARTAS linkage case management intervention provides a model that health departments and CBOs can use to ensure that recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons attend an initial HIV care encounter. C1 [Craw, Jason A.; Gardner, Lytt I.; Marks, Gary; Bosshart, Jeff] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Craw, Jason A.] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rapp, Richard C.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Ctr Invent Treatment & Addict Res, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Duffus, Wayne A.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Duffus, Wayne A.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC USA. [Rossman, Amber] Kansas City Free Hlth Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Coughlin, Susan L.] Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Inst Hlth Policy & Evaluat Res, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Gruber, DeAnn] Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, New Orleans, LA USA. [Safford, Lauretta A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Commun Hlth Res Initiat, Richmond, VA USA. [Overton, Jon] Alliance Community Empowerment, Chicago, IL USA. [Schmitt, Karla] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent & Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Craw, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LGardner@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181684c51 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 280SE UT WOS:000254445700011 PM 18285714 ER PT J AU Friedman, CR Whitney, CG AF Friedman, Cindy R. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI It's time for a change in practice: Reducing antibiotic use can alter antibiotic resistance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; INTERVENTION C1 [Friedman, Cindy R.; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Friedman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crfriedman@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 8 BP 1082 EP 1083 DI 10.1086/533450 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 288YE UT WOS:000255021400002 PM 18419526 ER PT J AU Hoelscher, MA Singh, N Garg, S Jayashankar, L Veguilla, V Pandey, A Matsuoka, Y Katz, JM Donis, R Mittal, SK Sambhara, S AF Hoelscher, Mary A. Singh, Neetu Garg, Sanjay Jayashankar, Lakshmi Veguilla, Vic Pandey, Aseem Matsuoka, Yumi Katz, Jacqueline M. Donis, Ruben Mittal, Suresh K. Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI A broadly protective vaccine against globally dispersed clade 1 and clade 2 H5N1 influenza viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; SAFETY; TRIAL AB Development of effective and immunogenic vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses with the potential to cause a pandemic is a public health priority. The global demand for a vaccine cannot be met in the event of an influenza pandemic because of the limited capacity to manufacture egg-derived vaccines as well as potential problems with the availability of embryonated eggs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative, egg-independent vaccines. We developed an adenoviral vector-based vaccine that contains hemagglutinin protein from clade 1 and clade 2 viruses, as well as conserved nucleoprotein, to broaden the vaccine coverage against H5N1 viruses. C1 [Hoelscher, Mary A.; Singh, Neetu; Veguilla, Vic; Matsuoka, Yumi; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Donis, Ruben; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singh, Neetu; Jayashankar, Lakshmi; Pandey, Aseem; Mittal, Suresh K.] Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mittal@purdue.edu; ssambhara@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI059374, AI059374, R01 AI059374-04] NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1188 DI 10.1086/529522 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 288YE UT WOS:000255021400015 PM 18462165 ER PT J AU Olivero, OA Ming, JM Das, S Vazquez, IL Richardson, DL Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Olivero, Ofelia A. Ming, Jessica M. Das, Shreyasi Vazquez, Irma L. Richardson, Diana L. Weston, Ainsley Poirier, Miriam C. TI Human inter-individual variability in metabolism and genotoxic response to zidovudine SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AZT; nucleoside analogs; thymidine kinase I ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HUMAN-CELLS; AZT; 3'-AZIDO-3'-DEOXYTHYMIDINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; CARCINOGENICITY AB A mainstay of the antiretroviral drugs used for therapy of HIV- 1, zidovudine (AZT) is genotoxic and becomes incorporated into DNA. Here we explored host inter-individual variability in AZT-DNA incorporation, by AZT radioimmunoassay (RIA), using 19 different strains of normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) exposed for 24 h to 200 mu M AZT. Twelve of the 19 NEMEC strains showed detectable AZT-DNA incorporation levels (16 to 259 molecules of AZT/10(6) nucleotides), while 7 NEMEC strains did not show detectable AZT-DNA incorporation. In order to explore the basis for this variability, we compared the 2 NEMEC strains that showed the highest levels of AZT-DNA incorporation (HI and H2) with 2 strains showing no detectable AZT-DNA incorporation (L1 and L2). All 4 strains had similar (>= 80%) cell survival, low levels of accumulation of cells in S-phase, and no relevant differences in response to the direct-acting mutagen bleomycin (BLM). Finally, when levels of thymidine kinase I (TK1), the first enzyme in the pathway for incorporation of AZT into DNA, were determined by Western blot analysis in all 19 NEMEC strains at 24 h of AZT exposure, higher TK1 protein levels were found in the 12 strains showing AZT-DNA incorporation, compared to the 7 showing no incorporation (p=0.0005, Mann-Whitney test). Furthermore, strains L1 and L2, which did not show AZT-DNA incorporation at 24 h, did have measurable incorporation by 48 and 72 h. These data suggest that variability in AZT-DNA incorporation may be modulated by inter-individual differences in the rate of induction of TK1 in response to AZT exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Olivero, Ofelia A.; Ming, Jessica M.; Das, Shreyasi; Vazquez, Irma L.; Poirier, Miriam C.] NCI, Lab Canc Biol & Genet, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Richardson, Diana L.; Weston, Ainsley] CDC, NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Olivero, OA (reprint author), NCI, Lab Canc Biol & Genet, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, NIH, 37 Convent Dr MSC 4255,Bldg 37 Rm 4032B, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM oliveroo@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999] NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 228 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.005 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 295SN UT WOS:000255494300004 PM 18206198 ER PT J AU Bliss, SJ Larzalere-Hinton, F Lacapa, R Eagle, KR Frizzell, F Parkinson, A Reid, R Craig, M Santosham, M O'Brien, KL AF Bliss, Sandra J. Larzalere-Hinton, Francene Lacapa, Rochelle Eagle, Kathryn R. Frizzell, Felicia Parkinson, Alan Reid, Raymond Craig, Mariddie Santosham, Mathuram O'Brien, Katherine L. TI Invasive pneumococcal disease among white mountain Apache adults, 1991-2005 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual NIGMS/NIH/IHS Meeting for NARCH Researchers CY OCT 30, 2006 CL Bethesda, MD SP NIGHMS, NIH, IHS ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; AMERICAN-INDIANS; NAVAJO ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; HIGH-RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Background: Certain Native American populations have high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We aimed to determine the disease spectrum and risk factors of White Mountain Apache adults (age, ! 18 years) with IPD and the use and effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in this population. Methods: We conducted active surveillance for IPD between 1991 and 2005. Medical records were reviewed, and isolates were serotyped. Vaccine use was assessed in 2004-2005 among White Mountain Apache adults with an indication for pneumococcal vaccination. The effectiveness of PPV was determined through an indirect cohort method. Results: Among the 115 IPD cases (in 109 persons), the mean age was 43 years; 62% were male; 9 1 % had risk factors, and alcoholism predominated (73%). Alcoholic patients were younger (mean age, 40.1 years; P <.001) and more often male (70%; P=.001) compared with nonalcoholic patients. The case fatality rate was 15%; all deaths occurred among those with risk factors. Only age 65 years or older was associated with increased risk of death. Of 447 White Mountain Apache persons at high risk, 76% had received PPV. Vaccination rates were highest among subjects with pulmonary disease (95%) and diabetes (89%) and lowest among those aged 50 to 64 years (40%). Of the 115 lPD cases for which serotypes were available, 77% were due to serotypes contained in PPV. The effectiveness of PPV against serotype-specific IPD, as measured by the indirect cohort analysis of lPD cases, was 68% (95% confidence interval, 3%-90%). Conclusions: Among White Mountain Apache adults with IPD, alcoholism is common and contributes to the younger age and male predominance of cases. Pneumococcal vaccination rates are high, and there is suggestive evidence of the effectiveness of PPV in this population. Additional preventive strategies, including risk factor modification and vaccination of younger high-risk adults, should be pursued. C1 [Bliss, Sandra J.; Larzalere-Hinton, Francene; Lacapa, Rochelle; Eagle, Kathryn R.; Frizzell, Felicia; Reid, Raymond; Craig, Mariddie; Santosham, Mathuram; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Parkinson, Alan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bliss, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sandrajbliss@yahoo.com FU PHS HHS [1 U26 94 00012-01] NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 7 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1001/archinte.168.7.749 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 286HC UT WOS:000254836000012 PM 18413558 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Quinlisk, MP Parker, AA Barskey, AE Harris, ML Schwartz, JMH Hunt, K Finley, CG Leschinsky, DP O'Keefe, AL Clayton, J Kightlinger, LK Dietle, EG Berg, J Kenyon, CL Goldstein, ST Stokley, SK Redd, SB Rota, PA Rota, J Bi, DL Roush, SW Bridges, CB Santibanez, TA Parashar, U Bellini, WJ Seward, JF AF Dayan, Gustavo H. Quinlisk, M. Patricia Parker, Amy A. Barskey, Albert E. Harris, Meghan L. Schwartz, Jennifer M. Hill Hunt, Kae Finley, Carol G. Leschinsky, Dennis P. O'Keefe, Anne L. Clayton, Joshua Kightlinger, Lon K. Dietle, Eden G. Berg, Jeffrey Kenyon, Cynthia L. Goldstein, Susan T. Stokley, Shannon K. Redd, Susan B. Rota, Paul A. Rota, Jennifer Bi, Daoling Roush, Sandra W. Bridges, Carolyn B. Santibanez, Tammy A. Parashar, Umesh Bellini, William J. Seward, Jane F. TI Recent resurgence of mumps in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATION; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES; SPECIMENS; IMMUNITY; FAILURE AB Background: The widespread use of a second dose of mumps vaccine among U.S. schoolchildren beginning in 1990 was followed by historically low reports of mumps cases. A 2010 elimination goal was established, but in 2006 the largest mumps outbreak in two decades occurred in the United States. Methods: We examined national data on mumps cases reported during 2006, detailed case data from the most highly affected states, and vaccination-coverage data from three nationwide surveys. Results: A total of 6584 cases of mumps were reported in 2006, with 76% occurring between March and May. There were 85 hospitalizations, but no deaths were reported; 85% of patients lived in eight contiguous midwestern states. The national incidence of mumps was 2.2 per 100,000, with the highest incidence among persons 18 to 24 years of age (an incidence 3.7 times that of all other age groups combined). In a subgroup analysis, 83% of these patients reported current college attendance. Among patients in eight highly affected states with known vaccination status, 63% overall and 84% between the ages of 18 and 24 years had received two doses of mumps vaccine. For the 12 years preceding the outbreak, national coverage of one-dose mumps vaccination among preschoolers was 89% or more nationwide and 86% or more in highly affected states. In 2006, the national two-dose coverage among adolescents was 87%, the highest in U.S. history. Conclusions: Despite a high coverage rate with two doses of mumps-containing vaccine, a large mumps outbreak occurred, characterized by two-dose vaccine failure, particularly among midwestern college-age adults who probably received the second dose as schoolchildren. A more effective mumps vaccine or changes in vaccine policy may be needed to avert future outbreaks and achieve the elimination of mumps. C1 [Dayan, Gustavo H.; Parker, Amy A.; Barskey, Albert E.; Goldstein, Susan T.; Redd, Susan B.; Rota, Paul A.; Rota, Jennifer; Bi, Daoling; Parashar, Umesh; Bellini, William J.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stokley, Shannon K.; Santibanez, Tammy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Roush, Sandra W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bridges, Carolyn B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quinlisk, M. Patricia; Harris, Meghan L.] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Schwartz, Jennifer M. Hill] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. [Hunt, Kae; Finley, Carol G.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Leschinsky, Dennis P.; O'Keefe, Anne L.] Nebraska Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. [Clayton, Joshua; Kightlinger, Lon K.] S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD USA. [Dietle, Eden G.] Missouri Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Berg, Jeffrey] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Kenyon, Cynthia L.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 166 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 15 BP 1580 EP 1589 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0706589 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285NK UT WOS:000254783300007 PM 18403766 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Mack, KA Paulozzi, LJ Ballesteros, MF AF Stevens, J. A. Mack, K. A. Paulozzi, L. J. Ballesteros, M. F. TI Self-reported falls and fall-related injuries among persons aged >= 65 years United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 225-229, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OLDER-ADULTS C1 [Stevens, J. A.; Mack, K. A.; Paulozzi, L. J.; Ballesteros, M. F.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 14 BP 1658 EP 1659 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285AL UT WOS:000254749600009 ER PT J AU Hassidim, A Waters-Montijo, K Wooten, W Sawyer, M Sidelinger, D Harriman, K Backer, H Effler, P Nakata, M Srinivasan, A Bell, M Kutty, P Redd, S Goldstein, S Seward, J AF Hassidim, A. Waters-Montijo, K. Wooten, W. Sawyer, M. Sidelinger, D. Harriman, K. Backer, H. Effler, P. Nakata, Michele Srinivasan, A. Bell, M. Kutty, P. Redd, S. Goldstein, S. Seward, J. TI Outbreak of measles - San Diego, California, January-February 2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 203-206, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNIZATION; EXEMPTIONS C1 [Hassidim, A.; Waters-Montijo, K.; Wooten, W.; Sawyer, M.; Sidelinger, D.] Hlth & Human Svcs Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. [Harriman, K.; Backer, H.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Communicable Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Sacramento, CA USA. [Effler, P.; Nakata, Michele] Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. [Srinivasan, A.; Bell, M.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kutty, P.; Redd, S.; Goldstein, S.; Seward, J.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hassidim, A (reprint author), Hlth & Human Svcs Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 14 BP 1660 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285AL UT WOS:000254749600010 ER PT J AU Ash, DH Lemire, SW McGrath, SC McWilliams, LG Barr, JR AF Ash, Doris H. Lemire, Sharon W. McGrath, Sara C. McWilliams, Lisa G. Barr, John R. TI ANYL 164-Multianalyte quantification of five sesqui- and ethyl ether (T) oxy-mustard metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ash, Doris H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McWilliams, Lisa G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dna6@cdc.gov; SLemire@cdc.gov; Sara.McGrath@cdc.hhs.gov; lgmcwilliams@cdc.gov; jbb0@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 164-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100346 ER PT J AU Johnson, K Nyadong, L Green, M Fernandez, FM AF Johnson, Kristin Nyadong, Leonard Green, Michael Fernandez, Facundo M. TI CHED 255-Consecutive reaction monitoring desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid authentication of potentially counterfeit Tamiflu capsules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Johnson, Kristin; Nyadong, Leonard; Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Green, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 255-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101654 ER PT J AU Lantagne, D AF Lantagne, Daniele TI ENVR 133-Implementing water projects in developing countries: Addressing technical barriers to scaling-up SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lantagne, Daniele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlantagne@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 133-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104560 ER PT J AU Whitehead, RD Montesano, MA Jayatilaka, NK Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr. Montesano, Mania Angela Jayatilaka, Nayana K. Barr, Dana B. Needham, Larry L. TI ANYL 88-Method for determination of paraquat and diquat in human urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr.; Montesano, Mania Angela; Jayatilaka, Nayana K.; Barr, Dana B.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NECH ATSDR, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RNW2@cdc.gov; AHM2@cdc.gov; GOH3@cdc.gov; DLBI@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 88-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100369 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Bachman, DJ Callaghan, WM Whitlock, EP Dietz, PM Berg, CJ O'Keeffe-Rosetti, M Bruce, FC Hornbrook, MC AF Chu, Susan Y. Bachman, Donald J. Callaghan, William M. Whitlock, Evelyn P. Dietz, Patricia M. Berg, Cynthia J. O'Keeffe-Rosetti, Maureen Bruce, F. Carol Hornbrook, Mark C. TI Association between obesity during pregnancy and increased use of health care SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL OBESITY; WEIGHT; TRENDS; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; DELIVERY; OUTCOMES; IMPACT AB Background: In the United States, obesity during pregnancy is common and increases obstetrical risks. An estimate of the increase in use of health care services associated with obesity during pregnancy is needed. Methods: We used electronic data systems of a large U.S. group-practice health maintenance organization to identify 13,442 pregnancies among women 18 years of age or older at the time of conception that resulted in live births or stillbirths. The study period was between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. We assessed associations between measures of use of health care services and body-mass index (BMI, defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) before pregnancy or in early pregnancy. The women were categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9), obese (BMI 30.0 to 34.9), very obese (BMI 35.0 to 39.9), or extremely obese (BMI greater/equal 40.0). The primary outcome was the mean length of hospital stay for delivery. Results: After adjustment for age, race or ethnic group, level of education, and parity, the mean (+/-SE) length of hospital stay for delivery was significantly (P<0.05) greater among women who were overweight (3.7+/-0.1 days), obese (4.0+/-0.1 days), very obese (4.1+/-0.1 days), and extremely obese (4.4+/-0.1 days) than among women with normal BMI (3.6+/-0.1 days). A higher-than-normal BMI was associated with significantly more prenatal fetal tests, obstetrical ultrasonographic examinations, medications dispensed from the outpatient pharmacy, telephone calls to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, and prenatal visits with physicians. A higher-than-normal BMI was also associated with significantly fewer prenatal visits with nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Most of the increase in length of stay associated with higher BMI was related to increased rates of cesarean delivery and obesity-related high-risk conditions. Conclusions: Obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased use of health care services. C1 [Chu, Susan Y.; Callaghan, William M.; Dietz, Patricia M.; Berg, Cynthia J.; Bruce, F. Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bachman, Donald J.; Whitlock, Evelyn P.; O'Keeffe-Rosetti, Maureen; Hornbrook, Mark C.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res NW Hawaii SE, Portland, OR USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 14 BP 1444 EP 1453 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0706786 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 282CY UT WOS:000254546400005 PM 18385496 ER PT J AU Gee, JE Glass, MB Novak, RT Gal, D Mayo, MJ Steigerwalt, AG Wilkins, PP Currie, BJ AF Gee, Jay E. Glass, Mindy B. Novak, Ryan T. Gal, Daniel Mayo, Mark J. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Wilkins, Patricia P. Currie, Bart J. TI Recovery of a Burkholderia thailandensis-like isolate from an Australian water source SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMALLEI; MELIOIDOSIS; AGENTS; MALLEI; NOV. AB Background: Burkholderia thailandensis, a close relative of Burkholderia pseudomallei, has previously been reported only from Southeast Asia and North America. It is biochemically differentiated from B. pseudomallei by the ability to utilize arabinose. During the course of environmental sampling for B. pseudomallei in the Northern Territory of Australia, an isolate, MSMB 43, was recovered that is arabinose positive. Results: Genetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA/DNA hybridization indicates that MSMB 43 is most similar to B. thailandensis although multi-locus sequence typing indicates that this isolate is divergent from both B. pseudomallei and other described B. thailandensis. Conclusion: We report the isolation and initial characterization of strain MSMB 43, which is a B. thailandensis-like isolate recovered in Australia. C1 [Gee, Jay E.; Glass, Mindy B.; Novak, Ryan T.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gal, Daniel; Mayo, Mark J.; Currie, Bart J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia. RP Gee, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JGee1@cdc.gov; wzg0@cdc.gov; bnk4@cdc.gov; daniel.gal@internode.on.net; Mark.Mayo@menzies.edu.au; ags1@cdc.gov; pma1@cdc.gov; bart@menzies.edu.au FU Wellcome Trust NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-54 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 297XJ UT WOS:000255650400001 PM 18384685 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Xie, J McGruder, HF Valderrama, AL AF Ayala, C. Xie, J. McGruder, H. F. Valderrama, A. L. TI Receipt of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation among heart attack survivors - United States, 2005 (Reprinted MMWR, vol 57, pg 89-94, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Ayala, C.; Xie, J.; McGruder, H. F.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Valderrama, A. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ayala, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 13 BP 1534 EP 1536 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 281RZ UT WOS:000254517900009 ER PT J AU Hunt, E Lurie, P Lute, J Moll, M Stafford, H Bart, J Gray, A Urdaneta, V Ostroff, S Blostein, J Potter, R Wells, E Kilborn, C Martinez, D Lowrey, M Espinoza, R Ferraro, A Kutty, P Barskey, A Payne, D Redd, S Lowe, L Rota, J Bellini, W Rota, P Seward, J Thorley, M Reef, S Kim, C Sinclair, J Dykewicz, C Averhoff, F Chen, T Nguyen, M AF Hunt, E. Lurie, P. Lute, J. Moll, M. Stafford, H. Bart, J. Gray, A. Urdaneta, V. Ostroff, S. Blostein, J. Potter, R. Wells, E. Kilborn, C. Martinez, D. Lowrey, M. Espinoza, R. Ferraro, A. Kutty, P. Barskey, A. Payne, D. Redd, S. Lowe, L. Rota, J. Bellini, W. Rota, P. Seward, J. Thorley, M. Reef, S. Kim, C. Sinclair, J. Dykewicz, C. Averhoff, F. Chen, T. Nguyen, M. TI Multistate measles outbreak associated with an international youth sporting event - Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Texas, August-September 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 37, pg 169-173, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; ELIMINATION C1 [Hunt, E.; Lurie, P.; Lute, J.; Moll, M.; Stafford, H.; Bart, J.; Gray, A.; Urdaneta, V.; Ostroff, S.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Lowrey, M.] City Houston Hlth & Human Svcs, Houston, TX USA. [Espinoza, R.] Texas Dept State Hlth Svcs, Austin, TX USA. [Chen, T.; Nguyen, M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hunt, E (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RI Thorley, Margaret/F-6360-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 13 BP 1536 EP 1538 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 281RZ UT WOS:000254517900010 ER PT J AU Murray, DM Pals, SL Blitstein, JL Alfano, CM Lehman, J AF Murray, David M. Pals, Sherri L. Blitstein, Jonathan L. Alfano, Catherine M. Lehman, Jennifer TI Design and analysis of group-randomized trials in cancer: A review of current practices SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; COMMUNITY-HEALTH CENTERS; BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION; PRIMARY-CARE; SMOKING-CESSATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; INTERVENTION TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION AB Background Previous reviews have identified problems in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials in a number of areas. Similar problems may exist in cancer research, but there have been no comprehensive reviews. Methods We searched Medline and PubMed for group-randomized trials focused on cancer prevention and control that were published between 2002 and 2006. We located and reviewed 75 articles to determine whether articles included evidence of taking group randomization into account in establishing the size of the trial, such as reporting the expected intraclass correlation, the group component of variance, or the variance inflation factor. We also examined the analytical approaches to determine their appropriateness. Results Only 18 (24%) of the 75 articles documented appropriate methods for sample size calculations. Only 34 (45%) limited their reports to analyses judged to be appropriate. Fully 26 (34%) failed to report any analyses that were judged to be appropriate. The most commonly used inappropriate analysis was an analysis at the individual level that ignored the groups altogether. Nine articles (12%) did not provide sufficient information. Conclusions Many investigators who use group-randomized trials in cancer research do not adequately attend to the special design and analytic challenges associated with these trials. Failure to do so can lead to reporting type I errors as real effects, mislead investigators and policy-makers, and slow progress toward control and prevention of cancer. A collaborative effort by investigators, statisticians, and others will be required to ensure that group-randomized trials are planned and analyzed using appropriate methods so that the scientific community can have confidence in the published results. C1 [Murray, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Alfano, Catherine M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Beahv & Hlth Promot, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lehman, Jennifer] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Alfano, Catherine M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pals, Sherri L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Quantitat Sci & Data Management Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blitstein, Jonathan L.] RTI Int, Div Publ Hlth & Environm, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Murray, DM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dmurray@cph.osu.edu OI Blitstein, Jonathan L./0000-0001-5202-4934 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA116487] NR 128 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 7 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn066 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 284NU UT WOS:000254713900010 PM 18364501 ER PT J AU John, K Keshava, C Richardson, DL Weston, A Nath, J AF John, Kaarthik Keshava, Channa Richardson, Diana L. Weston, Ainsley Nath, Joginder TI Transcriptional profiles of benzo(a)pyrene exposure in normal human mammary epithelial cells in the absence or presence of chlorophyllin SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE carcinogens; chemoprevention; chlorophyllin; gene expression; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; DNA ADDUCTS; IN-VITRO; METASTASIS; SIGNATURES; MECHANISM; DAMAGE; VIVO AB Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) exposure causes alterations in gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs). This study used Affymetrix Hu-Gene133A arrays, with 14,500 genes represented, to evaluate modulation of BP-induced gene expression by chlorophyllin in six NHMEC strains derived from different donors. A major goal was to seek potential biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and how they behave in the presence of a chemopreventive agent. NHMECs (passage 6 and 70% confluence) were exposed for 24 h to either vehicle control, or BP or chlorophyllin followed by BP and chlorophyllin together. BP exposure resulted in approximately 3-fold altered expression of 49 genes in at least one of the six NHMEC strains. When cells were exposed to chlorophyllin pre-treatment followed by BP plus chlorophyllin, expression of 125 genes was similarly altered. Genes in the functional categories of xenobiotic metabolism, cell signaling, cell motility, cell proliferation, cellular transcription, metabolism, cell cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair were identified. Only CYPIBI and ALDHIA3 were consistently up-regulated by similar to 3-fold in most of the cell strains (at least 4) when exposed to BP. Cluster analysis identified a suite of 13 genes induced by BP where induction was mitigated in the presence of chlorophyllin. Additionally, cluster analysis identified a suite of 16 genes down-regulated by BP where induction was partially restored in the presence of chlorophyllin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [John, Kaarthik; Weston, Ainsley; Nath, Joginder] W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [John, Kaarthik; Keshava, Channa; Richardson, Diana L.; Weston, Ainsley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, 1120 Agr Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jnath@wvu.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 640 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.01.003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 289UZ UT WOS:000255080700017 PM 18336845 ER PT J AU Koo, D Thacker, SB AF Koo, Denise Thacker, Stephen B. TI The Education of Physicians: A CDC Perspective SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC-INTELLIGENCE-SERVICE; POPULATION HEALTH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; CURRICULUM; STUDENTS; PROGRAM; SCHOOL; CARE; FRAMEWORK AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) strongly supports integrating population health perspectives into the education of physicians. Physicians with critical-thinking skills, a commitment to the health of a community, and a systems-based approach are critical partners for the agency in its mission to protect and promote the public's health. To cultivate such physicians, integrating population health concepts solely into undergraduate medical education would be inadequate. A multipronged approach that establishes and maintains population health concepts with physicians at all stages of their education is needed: before medical school, during medical school, during residency and fellowship, and in research and practice (particularly for faculty who train the next generation). The authors describe relevant, CDC-conducted or CDC-supported activities that support such physician education during all these stages. Based in part on recent, cutting-edge trends assimilating community health particularly into primary care residencies, the authors also offer ideas for new ways that CDC can participate in the development of physicians who are truly competent at both medicine and population health in an integrated fashion-physicians who focus on and care for individual patients but who also take a broader population or community perspective and can act effectively in either arena. Physicians who take such a systems approach-who view and understand medicine and public health as a continuum rather than as distinct arenas-are sorely needed to help solve the current health system crisis and to contribute to improving health in other ways. C1 [Koo, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dkoo@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 83 IS 4 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181667e9a PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 466IE UT WOS:000267654000013 PM 18367903 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Li, YF Williams, DE AF Burrows, Nilka Rios Li, Yanfeng Williams, Desmond E. TI Racial and ethnic differences in trends of end-stage renal disease: United States, 1995 to 2005 SO ADVANCES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE end-stage renal disease; surveillance trends; racial/ethnic disparities; diabetes; hypertension ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; KIDNEY-DISEASE; US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; HYPERTENSION; AWARENESS AB End-stage renal disease (ESRD) disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States, whereas the prevalence of ESRD risk factors such as diabetes continues to increase. Using data from the US Renal Data System, we examined trends in ESRD incidence, including ESRD caused by diabetes or hypertension. We determined the total number of persons in the United States by race/ethnicity who began treatment during 1995 to 2005 for ESRD and for ESRD with diabetes or hypertension as the primary diagnosis. Incidence rates were calculated by using census data and age-adjusted based on the 2000 US standard population. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends. Overall, during 1995 to 2005, the age-adjusted ESRD incidence increased from 260.7 per million to 350.9 per million, but the rate of increase slowed from 1998 to 2005. In the 2000s, compared with the 1990s, the age-adjusted ESRD incidence has continued to increase but at a slower rate among whites and blacks and has decreased significantly among Native Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. The disparity gap in ESRD incidence between minority populations and whites narrowed during 1995 to 2005. Continued interventions to reduce the prevalence of ESRD risk factors are needed to decrease ESRD incidence. (c) 2008 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nrios@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1548-5595 J9 ADV CHRONIC KIDNEY D JI Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1053/j.ackd.2008.01.002 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 280HO UT WOS:000254416800009 PM 18334239 ER PT J AU Kersh, EN Luo, W Adams, DR Mitchell, J Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W Folks, TM Butera, S Otten, RA AF Kersh, Ellen N. Luo, Wei Adams, Debra R. Mitchell, James Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Heneine, Walid Folks, Thomas M. Butera, Sal Otten, Ron A. TI No evidence of occult SHIV infection as demonstrated by CD8(+) cell depletion after chemoprophylaxis-induced protection from mucosal infection in rhesus Macaques SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; RECHALLENGE; CHALLENGES; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS; LYMPHOCYTES; SHIVSF162P3; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Preexposure prophylaxis ( PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs constitutes a promising strategy for HIV prevention. Potent PrEP regimens with reverse transcriptase inhibitors can prevent detectable SHIV infection in a repeated low- dose macaque model that resembles human transmission, supporting plans to quickly move this approach into human trials. However, the possibility remains that extremely low levels of virus replication could nonetheless occur during PrEP and seed viral reservoirs in tissues. Therefore, seemingly protected macaques may harbor occult virus that may be initially contained by cytotoxic T cells, but could emerge later. To explore this possibility, we studied whether CD8(+) cells suppress viremia in four rhesus macaques apparently protected by daily or intermittent Truvada ( FTC and tenofovir) during 14 low- dose, rectal SHIVSF162P3 challenges and during a subsequent drug washout period. CD8(+) cells were efficiently ablated with antibodies in these and two additional control macaques that were previously infected but had reached undetectable virus set points. During 4 weeks of follow-up, all four macaques remained free of plasma viremia and provirus in blood lymphocytes. In contrast, plasma viremia resurged to 10(6) to 10(7) copies per milliliter within 2 weeks in both control macaques. Thus, these results indicate that the undetectable viremia in the PrEP- protected macaques was not due to CD8(+) cells that were containing a low- level infection. Rather, the PrEP treatment created conditions in which infection was prevented, eliminated, or controlled by unknown mechanisms. These data provide important information for PrEP usage to prevent HIV transmission, and fully support the continued pursuit of PrEP prevention measures in humans. C1 [Kersh, Ellen N.; Luo, Wei; Adams, Debra R.; Mitchell, James; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Heneine, Walid; Folks, Thomas M.; Butera, Sal; Otten, Ron A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHHSTP, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ROtten@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0222 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 294GV UT WOS:000255394900003 PM 18370590 ER PT J AU Juompan, LY Hutchinson, K Montefiori, DC Nidtha, S Villinger, F Novembre, FJ AF Juompan, Laure Y. Hutchinson, Karen Montefiori, David C. Nidtha, Soumya Villinger, Francois Novembre, Francis J. TI Analysis of the immune responses in chimpanzees infected with HIV type 1 isolates SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SIV INFECTION; AIDS; LYMPHOCYTES AB The mechanisms of resistance to AIDS development in HIV-1-infected chimpanzees have remained elusive. Unique among chimpanzees naturally or experimentally infected with HIV, several animals of the Yerkes cohort have progressed to clinical AIDS with selection of isolates showing increased pathogenicity for chimpanzees. We compared progressors vs. nonprogressors among the HIV-infected chimpanzees that made up this cohort, eight of which have been infected with HIV-1 for over 14 years. The additional two progressors were infected de novo with chimpanzee-pathogenic HIV, rapidly leading to a progressor status. Nonprogressors were characterized by normal CD4(+) T cell counts and the absence of detectable viremia. In contrast, progressor chimpanzees had relatively high plasma viral loads associated with a dramatic loss of CD4(+) T cells. The analysis of immune responses showed a similar amplitude and breadth of ELISPOT T cell responses in both groups. HIV-specific proliferative responses were, however, absent in the progressor animals, which also exhibited increased levels of immune activation characterized by elevated levels of the circulating chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1. Of interest was the conservation of potent NK cell activity in all animals, potentially contributing to the extended symptom-free survival of progressor animals. Modest anti-HIV antibody titers were detectable in the nonprogressor group, but these antibodies exhibited good neutralizing activity. In progressors, however, two sets of data were noted: in animals that gradually selected for pathogenic isolates, or that were superinfected, very high neutralizing antibody titers were observed, although none to the pathogenic HIV. In contrast, two animals infected de novo with chimpanzee pathogenic HIV failed to mount an extensive humoral response and both failed to develop neutralizing antibodies to the virus. Taken together, pathogenic HIV infection in chimpanzees is associated with rapid loss of CD4(+) T cells and proliferative responses as well as higher levels of immune activation. C1 [Juompan, Laure Y.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Juompan, Laure Y.; Nidtha, Soumya; Novembre, Francis J.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Juompan, Laure Y.; Nidtha, Soumya; Novembre, Francis J.] Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hutchinson, Karen] Ctr Dis Control, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Montefiori, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Nidtha, Soumya] LLC, TransMed Partners, San Francisco, CA USA. [Villinger, Francois] Emory Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Juompan, LY (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Bldg 503,Room 3W63, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM laure.juompan@na.amedd.army.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR000165, P51 RR000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-40879] NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0182 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 294GV UT WOS:000255394900007 PM 18426337 ER PT J AU Flowers, NT Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Elder, RW Shults, RA Jiles, R AF Flowers, Nicole T. Naimi, Timothy S. Brewer, Robert D. Elder, Randy W. Shults, Ruth A. Jiles, Ruth TI Patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-impaired driving in the United States SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE binge drinking; national estimates; impaired driving; alcohol consumption patterns; epidemiology ID MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; BINGE DRINKING; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; CONTROL POLICIES; US ADULTS; DSM-IV; DRIVERS; CRASHES AB Background: Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes kill approximately 17,000 Americans annually and were associated with more than $51 billion in total costs in 2000. Relatively little is known about the drinking patterns of alcohol-impaired (AI) drivers in the United States. Methods: 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was analyzed for alcohol consumption and self-reported AI driving among U.S. adults aged >= 18 years for all states. Alcohol consumption was divided into 4 categories: binge/heavy, binge/nonheavy, nonbinge/heavy, and nonbinge/nonheavy. Binge drinking was defined as >= 5 drinks for men or >= 4 drinks for women on one or more occasions in the past month, and heavy drinking was defined as average daily consumption of > 2 drinks/day (men) or > 1 drink/day (women). The prevalence of AI driving was examined by drinking pattern and by demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between drinking patterns and AI driving. Results: Five percent of drinkers were engaged in AI driving during the past 30 days. Overall, 84% of AI drivers were binge drinkers and 88% of AI driving episodes involved binge drinkers. By drinking category, binge/nonheavy drinkers accounted for the largest percentage of AI drivers (49.4%), while binge/heavy drinkers accounted for the most episodes of AI driving (51.3%). The adjusted odds of AI driving were 20.1 (95% CI: 16.7, 24.3) for binge/heavy, 8.2 (6.9, 9.7) for binge/nonheavy, and 3.9 (2.4, 6.3) for nonbinge/heavy drinkers, respectively. Conclusions: There is a strong association between binge drinking and AI driving. Most AI drivers and almost half of all AI driving episodes involve persons who are not heavy drinkers (based on average daily consumption). Implementing effective interventions to prevent binge drinking could substantially reduce AI driving. C1 [Flowers, Nicole T.; Naimi, Timothy S.; Brewer, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jiles, Ruth] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Elder, Randy W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Div Hlth Commun & Mkt Strategy, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shults, Ruth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flowers, NT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ndf0@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00622.x PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 278FV UT WOS:000254271200010 PM 18341648 ER PT J AU Attfield, MD Kuempel, ED AF Attfield, M. D. Kuempel, E. D. TI Mortality among US underground coal miners: A 23-year follow-up SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coal; mortality; pneumoconiosis; dust; exposure-response ID DUST EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-FUNCTION; WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; EX-MINERS; FEV1; IMPAIRMENT; WORKING; COHORT AB Background The mortality experience over 22-24 years of 8,899 working coal miners initially medically examined in 1969-1971 at 31 U.S. coal mines was evaluated. Methods A cohort life-table analysis was undertaken on underlying causes of death, and proportional hazards models were fitted to both underlying, and underlying and contributing causes of death. Results Elevated mortality from nonviolent causes, nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD), and accidents was observed, but lung cancer and stomach cancer mortality were not elevated. Smoking, pneumoconiosis, coal rank region, and cumulative coal mine dust exposure were all predictors of mortality from nonviolent causes and NMRD. Mortality from nonviolent causes and NMRD was related to dust exposure within the complete cohort and also for the never smoker subgroup. Dust exposure relative risks for mortality were similar for pneumoconiosis, NMRD, and chronic airways obstruction. Conclusions The findings confirm and enlarge upon previous results showing that exposure to coal mine dust leads to increased mortality, even in the absence of smoking. C1 [Attfield, M. D.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kuempel, E. D.] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Attfield, MD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mdal@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1002/ajim.20560 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 275KE UT WOS:000254069500001 PM 18247381 ER PT J AU Tsan, L Davis, C Langberg, R Hojlo, C Pierce, J Miller, M Gaynes, R Gibert, C Montgomery, O Bradley, S Richards, C Danko, L Roselle, G AF Tsan, Linda Davis, Chester Langberg, Robert Hojlo, Christa Pierce, John Miller, Michael Gaynes, Robert Gibert, Cynthia Montgomery, Ona Bradley, Suzanne Richards, Chesley Danko, Linda Roselle, Gary TI Prevalence of nursing home-associated infections in the department of Veterans Affairs nursing home care units SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM-CARE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CONTROL PROGRAMS; SURVEILLANCE; FACILITIES; RESIDENTS AB Background: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest single provider of long-term care in the United States. The prevalence of nursing home-associated infections (NHAIs) among residents of VA nursing home care units (NHCUs) is not known. Methods: A Web-based point prevalence survey of NHAIs using modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions for health care-associated infections was conducted in the VA's 133 NHCUs on November 9, 2005. Results: From a total population of 11,475 NHCU residents, 591 had at least 1 NHAI for a point prevalence rate of 5.2%. Urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, pneumonia, skin infection, gastroenteritis, and soft tissue infection were most prevalent, constituting 72 % of all NHAIs. A total of 2817 residents (24.5 %) had 1 or more indwelling device. Of these 2817 residents with an indwelling device(s), 309 (11.0 %) had 1 or more NHAI. In contrast, the prevalence of NHAIs in residents without an indwelling device was 3.3 %. Indwelling urinary catheter, percutaneous gastrostomy tube, intravenous peripheral line, peripherally inserted central catheter, and suprapubic urinary catheter were most common, accounting for 79.3 % of all devices used. Conclusion: There are effective infection surveillance and control programs in VA NHCUs with a point prevalence of NHAIs of 5.2%. C1 [Tsan, Linda; Davis, Chester; Langberg, Robert; Hojlo, Christa; Pierce, John; Danko, Linda; Roselle, Gary] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20420 USA. [Miller, Michael] Vet Integrated Serv Network 1, Bedford, MA USA. [Gaynes, Robert] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gaynes, Robert; Richards, Chesley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gibert, Cynthia] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. [Montgomery, Ona] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Amarillo, TX USA. [Bradley, Suzanne] VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Danko, Linda; Roselle, Gary] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Tsan, L (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 810 Vermont Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. EM linda.tsan@va.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/i.ajic.2007.06.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 283MU UT WOS:000254641100003 PM 18371512 ER PT J AU Atreja, A Gordon, SM Pollock, DA Olmsted, RN Brennan, PJ AF Atreja, Ashish Gordon, Steven M. Pollock, Daniel A. Olmsted, Russell N. Brennan, Patrick J. TI Opportunities and challenges in utilizing electronic health records for infection surveillance, prevention, and control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY; DECISION-SUPPORT; SYSTEM; ADMISSION; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; NETWORK; COSTS C1 [Atreja, Ashish; Gordon, Steven M.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Pollock, Daniel A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olmsted, Russell N.] St Joseph Mercy Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Brennan, Patrick J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Atreja, A (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mailstop A-91,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM atrejaa@ccf.org NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 SU 1 BP S37 EP S46 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.002 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 287XL UT WOS:000254949900008 PM 18374211 ER PT J AU Edwards, JR Pollock, DA Kupronis, BA Li, W Tolson, JS Peterson, KD Mincey, RB Horan, TC AF Edwards, Jonathan R. Pollock, Daniel A. Kupronis, Benjamin A. Li, Wenkai Tolson, James S. Peterson, Kelly D. Mincey, Randy B. Horan, Teresa C. TI Making use of electronic data: The National Healthcare Safety Network eSurveillance Initiative SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALS AB Efforts are underway at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to foster greater use of electronic data stored in health care application databases for surveillance of health care-associated infections and antimicrobial use and resistance. These efforts, referred to as the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) eSurveillance Initiative, focus on standards-based solutions for conveying health care data and validation processes to confirm that the data received at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention accurately reflect the data transmitted by health care facilities. Standard vehicles for data transmission, specifically Health Level Seven standards for electronic messages and structured documents, and standard vocabularies for representing microorganisms and other information needed for surveillance, are central features of the eSurveillance initiative. Progress to date in this initiative is reviewed, and future project plans are outlined. Enhanced interoperability between health care and public health information systems is achievable for surveillance purposes, but major challenges must be overcome to realize the full benefits sought by the eSurveillance initiative. C1 [Edwards, Jonathan R.; Pollock, Daniel A.; Kupronis, Benjamin A.; Li, Wenkai; Tolson, James S.; Peterson, Kelly D.; Mincey, Randy B.; Horan, Teresa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS-A24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jredwards@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 SU 1 BP S21 EP S26 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 287XL UT WOS:000254949900005 PM 18374208 ER PT J AU Thompson, N Bialek, S AF Thompson, Nicola Bialek, Stephanie TI Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the hemodialysis setting: Importance of infection control practices and aseptic technique SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY APR 02-06, 2008 CL Dallas, TX SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 [Thompson, Nicola; Bialek, Stephanie] CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 MA 259 BP A92 EP A92 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 286VP UT WOS:000254874400286 ER PT J AU Pourat, N Tao, GA Walsh, CM AF Pourat, Nadereh Tao, Guoyu A. Walsh, Cathleen M. TI Association of insurance coverage with chlamydia screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To examine the rates of self-reported Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening among young women and to examine the independent association of type of insurance and specific health plans with these rates. Study design: Cross-sectional analyses of the 2003 California Health Interview Survey data. Methods: Using bivariate analysis and logistic regression models, we assessed the CT screening rate of 1659 sexually active women age 18-25 years, given various factors including type of health insurance coverage. We further assessed the CT screening rate of the subset of 533 sexually active women age 18-25 years enrolled in a private health plan and reexamined the relationship of various factors with CT screening rates. Results: Being older, an immigrant, or having 1 sexual partner reduced the likelihood of CT screening, while being a smoker, being single, or having had multiple doctor visits as well as a Pap test or clinical breast exam increased this likelihood. The uninsured had the lowest rate, and public managed care enrollees had the highest rate, of CT screening, but this insurance effect was superseded by other explanatory variables. A few differences in significantly associated factors were identified when private health plans were separately examined. Conclusions: The results suggest that self-reported CT screening rates were low, particularly among the uninsured. However, these rates were primarily influenced by CT risk factors rather than insurance coverage. Continued efforts to increase CT screening rates are warranted. C1 [Pourat, Nadereh] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Tao, Guoyu A.; Walsh, Cathleen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pourat, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, 10960 Wilshire Blvd,Ste 1550, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM pourat@ucla.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 284LA UT WOS:000254706700003 PM 18402512 ER PT J AU Crider, KS Olney, RS Cragan, JD AF Crider, Krista S. Olney, Richard S. Cragan, Janet D. TI Trisomies 13 and 18: Population prevalences, characteristics, and prenatal diagnosis, metropolitan Atlanta, 1994-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE trisomy 13; trisomy 18; prenatal diagnosis; abnormalities; epidemiology ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; FETUSES; RISK; INFANTS; PROGRAM; HAWAII; WOMEN AB In recent years, prenatal diagnosis and elective pregnancy termination have affected the reported birth prevalence of trisomies 13 and 18. We examined the prevalence and characteristics of these conditions using 1994-2003 data from a population-based surveillance system, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. including fetal deaths and elective terminations increased the number of affected pregnancies by 58.7% for trisomy 13 and 72.2% for trisomy 18. Prenatal cytogenetic testing was reported in 70.8% of trisomy 13 cases and 76.1% of trisomy 18 cases. Among those with prenatal cytogenetic tests, 60.8% of trisomy 13 and 59.7% of trisomy 18 cases were electively terminated. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black race was associated with a decreased frequency of prenatal cytogenetic testing for both trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 (OR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.78 and OR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.69, respectively). The reported rates of prenatal cytogenetic testing remained stable throughout the period. As expected, maternal age >= 35 years was a risk factor for both conditions. However, while 67.1% (n = 55) of the trisomy 18 case mothers were >= 35 years, only 46.9% (n = 15) of the trisomy 13 case mothers were >= 35 years. Among liveborn infants, the sex ratio among trisomy 18 infants showed an increased proportion of females: 60.4% female versus 39.6% male. However, the proportion was 48.3% female and 51.7% male among fetuses that were electively terminated in the second trimester. Inclusion of pregnancies that are prenatally diagnosed is critical for accurate surveillance and population-based analyses of these conditions. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 [Crider, Krista S.; Olney, Richard S.; Cragan, Janet D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crider, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcrider@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 7 BP 820 EP 826 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32200 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 282SL UT WOS:000254587400003 PM 18348276 ER PT J AU Helms, DJ Mosure, DJ Secor, WE Workowski, KA AF Helms, Donna J. Mosure, Debra J. Secor, W. Evan Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Management of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with suspected metronidazole hypersensitivity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE desensitization; hypersensitivity; metronidazole; tinidazole; trichomonas ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FIXED DRUG ERUPTION; INFECTION; PAROMOMYCIN; TINIDAZOLE; FURAZOLIDONE; PREVALENCE; PESSARIES; VAGINITIS; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Standard treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis is metronidazole or tinidazole. Hypersensitivity to these drugs has been documented but is poorly understood. Desensitization is an option described in limited reports of women with hypersensitivity to nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this analysis is to improve documentation of management for trichomonas infections among women with metronidazole hypersensitivity. STUDY DESIGN: Clinicians who consulted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning patients with suspected hypersensitivity to metronidazole were provided with treatment options and asked to report outcomes. RESULTS: From September 2003-September 2006, complete information was obtained for 59 women. The most common reactions were urticaria (47%) and facial edema (11%). Fifteen of these women (25.4%) were treated with metronidazole desensitization and all had eradication of their infection. Seventeen women (28.8%) were treated with alternative intravaginal drugs, which were less successful; 5 of 17 infections (29.4%) were eradicated. CONCLUSION: Metronidazole desensitization was effective in the management of women with nitroimidazole hypersensitivity. C1 [Helms, Donna J.; Mosure, Debra J.; Workowski, Kimberly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Helms, DJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dhelms@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 198 IS 4 AR 370.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.795 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 288IR UT WOS:000254980200005 ER PT J AU Tran, N Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC McCuistion, CG Fenton, MS Gin, E Salem, A Hershman, JM AF Tran, Neil Valentin-Blasini, Liza Blount, Benjamin C. McCuistion, Caroline Gibbs Fenton, Mike S. Gin, Eric Salem, Andrew Hershman, Jerome M. TI Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases active transport of perchlorate into thyroid cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE iodide; Na+/I- symporter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER; RADIOACTIVE PERCHLORATE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NA+/I-SYMPORTER; UNITED-STATES; FRTL-5 CELLS; BREAST-MILK AB Perchlorate blocks thyroidal iodide transport in a dose-dependent manner. The human sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) has a 30-fold higher affinity for perchlorate than for iodide. However, active transport of perchlorate into thyroid cells has not previously been demonstrated by direct measurement techniques. To demonstrate intracellular perchlorate accumulation, we incubated NIS-expressing FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells in various concentrations of perchlorate, and we used a sensitive ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to measure perchlorate accumulation in the cells. Perchlorate caused a dose-related inhibition of 125-iodide uptake at 1-10 mu M. The perchlorate content from cell lysate was analyzed, showing a higher amount of perchlorate in cells that were incubated in medium with higher perchlorate concentration. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increased perchlorate uptake in a dose-related manner, thus supporting the hypothesis that perchlorate is actively transported into thyroid cells. Incubation with nonradiolabeled iodide led to a dose-related reduction of intracellular accumulation of perchlorate. To determine potential toxicity of perchlorate, the cells were incubated in 1 nM to 100 mu M perchlorate and cell proliferation was measured. Even the highest concentration of perchlorate (100 mu M) did not inhibit cell proliferation after 72 h of incubation. In conclusion, perchlorate is actively transported into thyroid cells and does not inhibit cell proliferation. C1 [Hershman, Jerome M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Endocrine Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hershman, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Endocrine Res Lab, Endocrinol 111D,11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM jhershmn@ucla.edu NR 37 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2008 VL 294 IS 4 BP E802 EP E806 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2008 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 282NU UT WOS:000254575300018 PM 18303123 ER PT J AU Boehmer, TK Luke, DA Haire-Joshu, DL Bates, HS Brownson, RC AF Boehmer, Tegan K. Luke, Douglas A. Haire-Joshu, Debra L. Bates, Hannalori S. Brownson, Ross C. TI Preventing childhood obesity through state policy - Predictors of bill enactment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; SPONSORSHIP; SUCCESS AB Background: To address the epidemic of childhood obesity, health professionals are examining policies that address obesogenic environments; however, there has been little systematic examination of state legislative efforts in childhood obesity prevention. Using a policy research framework, this study sought to identify factors that predict successful enactment of childhood obesity prevention in all 50 states. Methods: A legislative scan of bills introduced during 2003-2005 in all 50 states identified 717 bills related to childhood obesity prevention. Multilevel logistic regression modeling was performed in 2006 to identify bill-level (procedure, composition, and content) and state-level (sociodemographic, political, economic, and industrial) factors associated with bill enactment. Results: Seventeen percent of bills were enacted. Bill-level factors associated with increased likelihood of enactment included having more than one sponsor; bipartisan sponsorship; introduction in the state senate; budget proposals; and content areas related to safe routes to school, walking/biking trails, model school policies, statewide initiatives, and task forces and studies. State-level political factors, including 2-year legislative session and Democratic control of both chambers, increased enactment. An indicator of state socioeconomic status was inversely associated with bill enactment; economic and industrial variables were not significantly related to bill enactment. Conclusions: In general, bill-level factors were more influential in their effect on policy enactment than state-level factors. This study provides policyrnakers, practitioners, and advocacy groups with strategies to develop more politically feasible childhood obesity prevention policies, including the identification of several modifiable bill characteristics that might improve bill enactment. C1 [Boehmer, Tegan K.; Luke, Douglas A.; Haire-Joshu, Debra L.; Bates, Hannalori S.; Brownson, Ross C.] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Boehmer, Tegan K.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Salus Ctr Suite 300, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM brownson@slu.edu OI Luke, Douglas/0000-0003-1332-8569 NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.003 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279TR UT WOS:000254378100009 PM 18374247 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Fulton, JE Lee, SM Maynard, M Brown, DR Kohl, HW Dietz, WH AF Carlson, Susan A. Fulton, Janet E. Lee, Sarah M. Maynard, Michele Brown, David R. Kohl, Harold W. Dietz, William H. TI Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: Data from the early childhood longitudinal study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; FITNESS; EXERCISE; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS; PROGRAM; PARTICIPATION; SPORTS AB Objectives. We examined the association between time spent in physical education and academic achievement in a longitudinal study of students in kindergarten through fifth grade. Methods. We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999, which employed a multistage probability design to select a nationally representative sample of students in kindergarten (analytic sample=5316). Time spent in physical education (minutes per week) was collected from classroom teachers, and academic achievement (mathematics and reading) was scored on an item response theory scale. Results. A small but significant benefit for academic achievement in mathematics and reading was observed for girls enrolled in higher amounts (70-300 minutes per week) of physical education (referent: 0-35 minutes per week). Higher amounts of physical education were not positively or negatively associated with academic achievement among boys. Conclusions. Among girls, higher amounts of physical education may be associated with an academic benefit. Physical education did not appear to negatively affect academic achievement in elementary school students. Concerns about adverse effects on achievement may not be legitimate reasons to limit physical education programs. C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Fulton, Janet E.; Lee, Sarah M.; Maynard, Michele; Brown, David R.; Kohl, Harold W.; Dietz, William H.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM scarlson1@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 8 U2 74 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 721 EP 727 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.117176 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 282VO UT WOS:000254595500031 PM 18309127 ER PT J AU Bogart, LM Howerton, D Lange, J Becker, K Setodji, CM Asch, SM AF Bogart, Laura M. Howerton, Devery Lange, James Becker, Kirsten Setodji, Claude Messan Asch, Steven M. TI Scope of rapid HIV testing in private nonprofit urban community health settings in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLES; LOW-PREVALENCE DISEASES; SERVICES UTILIZATION; EXPERIENCE; ROUTINE; TRIAL; COST AB Objectives. We examined patterns of rapid HIV testing in a multistage national random sample of private, nonprofit, urban community clinics and community-based organizations to determine the extent of rapid HIV test availability outside the public health system. Methods. We randomly sampled 12 primary metropolitan statistical areas in 4 regions; 746 sites were randomly sampled across areas and telephoned. Staff at 575 of the sites (78%) were reached, of which 375 were eligible and subsequently interviewed from 2005 to 2006. Results. Seventeen percent of the sites offered rapid HIV tests (22% of clinics, 10% of community-based organizations). In multivariate models, rapid test availability was more likely among community clinics in the South (vs West), clinics in high HIV/AIDS prevalence areas, clinics with on-site laboratories and multiple locations, and clinics that performed other diagnostic tests. Conclusions. Rapid HIV tests were provided infrequently in private, nonprofit, urban community settings. Policies that encourage greater diffusion of rapid testing are needed, especially in community-based organizations and venues with fewer resources and less access to laboratories. C1 [Bogart, Laura M.; Becker, Kirsten; Setodji, Claude Messan; Asch, Steven M.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Howerton, Devery; Lange, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asch, Steven M.] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Bogart, LM (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM lbog-art@rand.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000056, U48/DP000056]; PHS HHS [U65/CCU924523-01] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 736 EP 742 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.111567 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 282VO UT WOS:000254595500033 PM 18309135 ER PT J AU Keoluangkhot, V Green, MD Nyadong, L Fernandez, FM Mayxay, M Newton, PN AF Keoluangkhot, Valy Green, Michael D. Nyadong, Leonard Fernandez, Facundo M. Mayxay, Mayfong Newton, Paul N. TI Impaired clinical response in a patient with uncomplicated falciparum malaria who received poor-quality and underdosed intramuscular artemether SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFEIT; ARTESUNATE; QUININE; TRIAL; ANTIMALARIALS; RESISTANCE; DRUGS AB We describe an adult with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria who did not improve clinically despite 5 days of intramuscular artemether therapy. He was prescribed a lower dose (kg body weight) than that recommended, and a vial from the packet contained only 74% of the artemether dose as stated by the manufacturer. The combination of underdosing, poor-quality drug, and the intrinsic low bioavailability of artemether may have contributed to his poor clinical response. Analysis of the packaging and chemical "fingerprinting" of the artemether suggested that the drug, was genuine but was either substandard or had deteriorated after manufacture. C1 [Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. Mahosot Hosp, Adult Infect Dis Ward, Viangchan, Laos. Francophone Inst Trop Med, Viangchan, Laos. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Post Grad & Res, Viangchan, Laos. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Churchill Hosp, Oxford, England. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. EM paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 552 EP 555 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300007 PM 18385347 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Mead, PS Meyer, AM Pfaff, LE Bradley, KK Eisen, L AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Mead, Paul S. Meyer, Andrew M. Pfaff, Liza E. Bradley, Kristy K. Eisen, Lars TI Ecoepidemiology of tularemia in the southcentral United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; BORNE FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; MULTIPLE-LOCUS; HUMAN PLAGUE; TICK; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE AB We combined county-based data for tularemia incidence from 1990 to 2003 for a nine-state region (Arkansas. Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Tennessee) in the southcentral United States with Geographic Information System (GIS)-based environmental data to determine associations between coverage by different habitats (especially dry forest representing suitable tick habitat) and tularemia incidence. High-risk counties (> 1 case per 100,000 person-years) clustered in Arkansas-Missouri and far eastern Oklahoma and Kansas. County tularemia incidence was positively associated with coverage by dry forested habitat suitable for vector ticks for Oklahoma-Kansas-Nebraska and Arkansas-Missouri but not for Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky-Tennessee. A multivariate logistic regression model predicting presence of areas with risk of tularemia based on GIS-derived environmental data was developed for the Arkansas-Missouri tularemia focus. The study shows the potential for research on tularemia ecoepidemiology and highlights the need for further modeling efforts based on acarologic data and more fine-scale point or zip code/census tract epidemiologic data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Off State Epidemiologist, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 586 EP 594 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300013 PM 18385353 ER PT J AU Galloway, RL Levett, PN AF Galloway, Renee L. Levett, Paul N. TI Evaluation of a modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis approach for the identification of Leptospira serovars SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; INTERROGANS; NOV.; DNA; FAINEI; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS; PROTOCOLS AB The genus Leptospira is composed of spirochetes that are morphologically indistinguishable and cannot be differentiated by phenotypic methods. Determining the identity of an infecting serovar is valuable from both epidemiologic and public health standpoints. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Leptospira has had limited use in few laboratories. In this study, we modified the existing PFGE protocol to reduce time to completion and developed a PFGE database using the restriction endonuclease Not I to generate PFGE profiles for the identification and evaluation of Leptospira. Reference strains (n = 206) from a collection maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were studied. Eighty-nine percent of the serovars produced distinct patterns, and different strains of the same serovar showed profiles that were highly similar. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Leptospira is a useful tool for molecular characterization of reference serovars, the investigation of potentially new species or serovars, and ultimately for the routine identification of clinical isolates. C1 [Galloway, Renee L.; Levett, Paul N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Galloway, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgalloway@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 628 EP 632 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300020 PM 18385360 ER PT J AU Winters, AM Bolling, BG Beaty, BJ Blair, CD Eisen, RJ Meyer, AM Pape, WJ Moore, CG Eisen, L AF Winters, Anna M. Bolling, Bethany G. Beaty, Barry J. Blair, Carol D. Eisen, Rebecca J. Meyer, Andrew M. Pape, W. John Moore, Chester G. Eisen, Lars TI Combining mosquito vector and human disease data for improved assessment of spatial west nile virus disease risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; CULEX-TARSALIS DIPTERA; ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE; COACHELLA VALLEY; NORTHERN COLORADO; GRAND-JUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; CULICIDAE; DISPERSAL AB Assessments of spatial risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens that combine vector and human disease data are needed for areas encompassing large tracts of public land with low population bases. We addressed this need for West Nile virus (WNV) disease in the northern Colorado Front Range by developing not only a spatial model for entomological risk of exposure to Culex tarsalis WNV vectors and an epidemiological risk map for WNV disease but also a novel risk-classification index combining data for these independently derived measures of entomological and epidemioloeical risk. Risk of vector exposure was high in the densely populated eastern plains portion of the Front Range but low in cooler montane areas to the west that are sparsely populated but used heavily for recreation in the summer. The entomological risk model performed well when applied to the western, mountainous part of Colorado and validated against epidemiologic data. C1 [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Vector Borne Zoonot & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lars.eisen@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-25489]; PHS HHS [T01/CCT822307] NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 654 EP 665 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300025 PM 18385365 ER PT J AU Barrera, R Hunsperger, E Munoz-Jordan, JL Amador, M Diaz, A Smith, J Bessoff, K Beltran, M Vergne, E Verduin, M Lambert, A Sun, W AF Barrera, Roberto Hunsperger, Elizabeth Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Amador, Manuel Diaz, Annette Smith, Joshua Bessoff, Kovi Beltran, Manuela Vergne, Edgardo Verduin, Mark Lambert, Amy Sun, Wellington TI Short report: First isolation of West Nile virus in the Caribbean SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE AB A sentinel chicken program for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance was initiated in July 2006 in eastern Puerto Rico, yielding the first seroconversions on June 4, 2007. WNV was isolated from sentinel chicken serum and mosquito pools (Culex nigripalpus, Culex bahamensis) for the first time in Tropical America. Preliminary sequence analysis of the prM and E genes revealed a 1-amino acid difference (V159A) between the Puerto Rican 2007 and the NY99. This mutation has been observed in the current dominant clade circulating in the United States. Sentinel chicken surveillance was a useful tool for the detection of West Nile virus in the tropics. C1 [Barrera, Roberto; Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L.; Amador, Manuel; Diaz, Annette; Smith, Joshua; Bessoff, Kovi; Beltran, Manuela; Vergne, Edgardo; Verduin, Mark; Lambert, Amy; Sun, Wellington] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, DVBID, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, DVBID, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM rbarrera@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 666 EP 668 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300026 PM 18385366 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Fernandez, S Echenique, GA Sumner, JW Reeves, WK Zaki, SR Remondegui, CE AF Paddock, Christopher D. Fernandez, Susana Echenique, Gustavo A. Sumner, John W. Reeves, Will K. Zaki, Sherif R. Remondegui, Carlos E. TI Rocky mountain spotted fever in Argentina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TICK AMBLYOMMA-CAJENNENSE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; UNITED-STATES; MINAS-GERAIS; ENDEMIC AREA; SAO-PAULO; IXODIDAE; BRAZIL; INFECTION AB We describe the first molecular confirmation of Rickettsia rickettsii, the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), from a tick vector, Amblyomma cajennense, and from a cluster of fatal spotted fever cases in Argentina. Questing A. cajennense ticks were collected at or near sites of presumed or confirmed cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in Jujuy Province and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction assays for spotted fever group rickettsiae. DNA of R. rickettsii was amplified from a pool of A. cajennense ticks and from tissues of one of four patients who died during 2003-2004 after illnesses characterized by high fever, severe headache, myalgias, and petechial rash. The diagnosis of spotted fever rickettsiosis was confirmed in the other patients by indirect immunofluorescence antibody and immunohistochemical staining techniques. These findings show the existence of RMSF in Argentina and emphasize the need for clinicians throughout the Americas to consider RMSF in patients with febrile rash illnesses. C1 [Paddock, Christopher D.; Sumner, John W.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reeves, Will K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fernandez, Susana] Hosp Pablo Soria, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. [Remondegui, Carlos E.] Hosp San Roque, Serv Infectol & Trop Med, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov; nfag10fernandez@hotmail.com; gusechenique@hotmail.com; JSumner@cdc.gov; Will.Reeves@ars.usda.gov; SZaki@cdc.gov; remondegui@arnet.com.ar NR 57 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 687 EP 692 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287UZ UT WOS:000254943300030 PM 18385370 ER PT J AU Popot, MA Woolfitt, AR Garcia, P Tabet, JC AF Popot, Marie-Agnes Woolfitt, Adrian R. Garcia, Patrice Tabet, Jean-Claude TI Determination of IGF-I in horse plasma by LC electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioanalytical methods; biological samples; mass spectrometry ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; TOP-DOWN; CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; INSULIN; QUANTIFICATION; PROTEINS; HORMONE AB The insulin-like-growth factor (IGF-I) peptide is considered to be the main indirect marker for growth hormone administration (GH) in a horse. Further to a previous investigation on measurement of IGF-I in plasma samples by mass spectrometry, this study focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of intact IGF-I in horse plasma. First, protein-transposing software has been developed for IGF-I to facilitate its quantification by HPLC-electrospray-ion-trap mass spectrometry. Second, product-ion scan experiments on IGF-I have been conducted on standard samples, non-fortified equine plasma samples, fortified plasma samples, and equine GH post-administration samples. This "top-down" approach method enables characterisation of fragment ions corresponding to the carboxy terminal end, which can be useful for the confirmation of the presence of IGF-I in plasma samples. C1 [Popot, Marie-Agnes; Garcia, Patrice] Lab Courses Hippiques, F-91370 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Woolfitt, Adrian R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tabet, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7613, Grp Spectrometrie Masse,Struct & Fonct Mol Bio Ac, F-75225 Paris, France. RP Popot, MA (reprint author), Lab Courses Hippiques, 15 Rue Paradis, F-91370 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. EM mariepopot@wanadoo.fr NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 390 IS 7 BP 1843 EP 1852 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1889-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 277SB UT WOS:000254233900019 PM 18274736 ER PT J AU Gu, QP Burt, VL Paulose-Ram, R Yoon, S Gillum, RF AF Gu, Qiuping Burt, Vicki L. Paulose-Ram, Ryne Yoon, Sarah Gillum, Richard F. TI High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease mortality risk among US adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality follow-up study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; blood pressure; hypertension; mortality; NHANES ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; AGE; MEN; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; DEATH; PREHYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE AB PURPOSE: We sought to examine whether prehypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk and whether the association of blood pressure with CVD outcome is modified by social demographics or hypertension treatment and control. METHODS: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and mortality follow-up through 2000 were used to estimate the relative risk of death from CVD associated with hypertension and prehypertension, after adjusting for confounding and modifying factors. RESULTS: Compared with normotension, the relative risks of CVD mortality were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.85-1.79, P = 0.26) for prehypertension, 1.64 (95% CI 1.11-2.41, P = 0.01) for hypertension, 1.74 (95% CI 1.28-2.49, P = 0.007) for uncontrolled hypertension, and 1.15 (95% CI 0.79-1.80, p = 0.53) for controlled hypertension. Hypertensive adults < 65 years and non-Hispanic blacks had a 3.86-fold and a 4.65-fold increased CVD mortality risk respectively. Age, gender, and race/ethnicity stratified analyses showed no associations between prehypertension and CVD mortality. However, blood pressure at a high range of prehypertension (130-139/84-89 mmHg) was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.41, P < 0.05) relative to blood pressure less than 120/80 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a strong, significant, and independent association of elevated blood pressure with CVD mortality risk. Hypertension continued to greatly increase CVD morality risk, particularly among persons < 65 years and non-Hispanic blacks. Treatment and control of hypertension eliminated the excess CVD mortality risk observed among the hypertension population. C1 [Gu, Qiuping; Burt, Vicki L.; Paulose-Ram, Ryne; Yoon, Sarah; Gillum, Richard F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gu, QP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4220, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM qag3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.11.013 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286KL UT WOS:000254844700006 PM 18261929 ER PT J AU Datta, SD Koutsky, LA Ratelle, S Unger, ER Shlay, J McClain, T Weaver, B Kerndt, P Zenilman, J Hagensee, M Suhr, CJ Weinstock, H AF Datta, S. Deblina Koutsky, Laura A. Ratelle, Sylvie Unger, Elizabeth R. Shlay, Judith McClain, Tracie Weaver, Beth Kerndt, Peter Zenilman, Jonathan Hagensee, Michael Suhr, Cristen J. Weinstock, Hillard TI Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the United States, 2003-2005 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; AGE; WORLDWIDE; TESTS AB Background: Millions of women in the United States receive cervical screening in sexually transmitted disease (STD), family planning, and primary care clinical settings. Objective: To inform current cervical screening programs. Design: Measurement of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among demographically diverse women who received routine cervical screening from January 2003 to December 2005 in the United States. Setting: 26 STD, family planning, and primary care clinics in 6 U.S. cities. Patients: 9657 women age 14 to 65 years receiving routine cervical screening. Measurements: Pap test results and high-risk HPV prevalence by Hybrid Capture 2 assay (Digene, Gaithersburg, Maryland). Results: Among 9657 patients, overall high-risk HPV prevalence by Hybrid Capture 2 testing was 23% (95% Cl, 22% to 24%). Prevalence was highest among women age 14 to 19 years (35% [Cl, 32% to 38%]) and lowest among women age 50 to 65 years (6% [Cl, 4% to 8%]). Prevalence by clinic type (adjusted for age and city) ranged from 26% (Cl, 24% to 29%) in STD clinics to 17% (Cl, 16% to 20%) in primary care clinics. Women younger than 30 years of age whose Pap test showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance had a high-risk HPV prevalence of 53%; women 30 years of age or older with normal Pap tests had a 9% prevalence. Values did not vary substantially by clinic type. Limitation: Hybrid Capture 2 and Pap testing were noncentralized, and consent was required for enrollment. Conclusion: High-risk HPV was widespread among women receiving cervical screening in the United States. Many women 30 years of age or older with normal Pap tests would need follow-up if Hybrid Capture 2 testing is added to cytology screening. C1 [Datta, S. Deblina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Cty Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Datta, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddatta@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 22 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 7 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284IV UT WOS:000254701000001 PM 18378945 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Jaycox, LB Andrews, RN Striley, CAF Alavanja, MCR AF Hines, Cynthia J. Deddens, James A. Jaycox, Larry B. Andrews, Ronnee N. Striley, Cynthia A. F. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Captan exposure and evaluation of a pesticide exposure algorithm among orchard pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; benomyl; captan; exposure assessment; fungicide; occupational; orchard; pesticide; thiophanate-methyl ID RETINAL DEGENERATION; FLORIDA CITRUS; WORKER REENTRY; TETRAHYDROPHTALIMIDE; CALIFORNIA; CREATININE; HUMANS; URINE; THPI; ACID AB Pesticide exposure assessment in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) has relied upon two exposure metrics: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, the latter incorporating an intensity score computed from a questionnaire-based algorithm. We evaluated this algorithm using actual fungicide exposure measurements from AHS private orchard applicators. Captan was selected as a marker of fungicide exposure. Seventy-four applicators from North Carolina and Iowa growing apples and/or peaches were sampled on 2 days they applied captan in 2002 and 2003. Personal air, hand rinse, 10 dermal patches, a pre-application first-morning urine and a subsequent 24-h urine sample were collected from each applicator per day. Environmental samples were analyzed for captan, and urine samples were analyzed for cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI). Task and personal protective equipment information needed to compute an individual's algorithm score was also collected. Differences in analyte detection frequency were tested in a repeated logistic regression model. Mixed-effects models using maximum-likelihood estimation were employed to estimate geometric mean exposures and to evaluate the measured exposure data against the algorithm. In general, captan and THPI were detected significantly more frequently in environmental and urine samples collected from applicators who used air blast sprayers as compared to those who hand sprayed. The AHS pesticide exposure intensity algorithm, while significantly or marginally predictive of thigh and forearm captan exposure, respectively, did not predict air, hand rinse or urinary THPI exposures. The algorithm's lack of fit with some exposure measures among orchard fungicide applicators may be due in part to the assignment of equal exposure weights to air blast and hand spray application methods in the current algorithm. Some modification of the algorithm is suggested by these results. C1 [Hines, Cynthia J.; Deddens, James A.; Jaycox, Larry B.; Andrews, Ronnee N.; Striley, Cynthia A. F.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Deddens, James A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Alavanja, Michael C. R.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chines@cde.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men001 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 286WS UT WOS:000254877300002 PM 18326518 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Kretsinger, K Gay, K Hoekstra, RM Vugia, DJ Hurd, S Segler, SD Megginson, M Luedeman, LJ Shiferaw, B Hanna, SS Joyce, KW Mintz, ED Angulo, FJ AF Crump, John A. Kretsinger, Katrina Gay, Kathryn Hoekstra, R. Michael Vugia, Duc J. Hurd, Sharon Segler, Susan D. Megginson, Melanie Luedeman, L. Jeffrey Shiferaw, Beletshachew Hanna, Samir S. Joyce, Kevin W. Mintz, Eric D. Angulo, Frederick J. CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe TI Clinical response and outcome of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype typhi with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: a United States FoodNet multicenter retrospective cohort study SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE; SEROVAR TYPHI; FEVER; CIPROFLOXACIN; SURVEILLANCE; BREAKPOINTS; SPP.; GYRA AB Patients with typhoid fever due to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strains for which fluoroquinolones MICs are elevated yet that are classified as susceptible by the current interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute may not respond adequately to fluoroquinolone therapy. Patients from seven U.S. states with invasive Salmonella serotype Typhi infection between 1999 and 2002 were enrolled in a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients infected with Salmonella serotype Typhi isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.12 to 1 mu g/ml (decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility but not resistant to ciprofloxacin [DCS]) were compared with patients infected with isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs <0.12 mu g/ml for fever clearance time and treatment failure. Of 71 patients, 30 (43%) were female and 24 (34%) were infected with Salmonella serotype Typhi with DCS; the median age was 14 years (range, 1 to 51 years). Twenty-one (88%) of 24 isolates with DCS were resistant to nalidixic acid. The median antimicrobial-related fever clearance times in the DCS and non-DCS groups were 92 h (range, 21 to 373 h) and 72 h (range, 19 to 264 111) (P = 0.010), respectively, and the fluoroquinolone-related fever clearance times in the DCS and non-DCS groups were 90 h (range, 9 to 373 h) and 64 h (range, 34 to 204 h) (P = 0.153), respectively. Four (17%) of 24 patients in the DCS group and 2 (4%) of 46 patients in the non-DCS group (relative risk, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.1) experienced treatment failure. Associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. We demonstrate that patients infected with Salmonella serotype Typhi isolates with DCS show evidence of a longer time to fever clearance and more frequent treatment failure. Nalidixic acid screening does not detect all isolates with DCS. C1 [Crump, John A.; Kretsinger, Katrina; Mintz, Eric D.; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gay, Kathryn; Joyce, Kevin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Lab Preparedness Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoekstra, R. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bac & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crump, John A.; Kretsinger, Katrina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Applied Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vugia, Duc J.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Hurd, Sharon] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Segler, Susan D.] Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Megginson, Melanie] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Luedeman, L. Jeffrey] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Shiferaw, Beletshachew] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Hanna, Samir S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1284 DI 10.1128/AAC.01509-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 286YE UT WOS:000254881900011 PM 18212096 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, V Ramani, R Ghannoum, MA Killian, SB Holliday, N Knapp, C Ostrosky-Zeichner, L Messer, SA Pfaller, MA Iqbal, NJ Arthington-Skaggs, BA Vazquez, JA Sein, T Rex, JH Walsh, TJ AF Chaturvedi, Vishnu Ramani, Rama Ghannoum, Mahmoud A. Killian, Scott B. Holliday, Nicole Knapp, Cindy Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis Messer, Shawn A. Pfaller, Michael A. Iqbal, Naureen J. Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A. Vazquez, Jose A. Sein, Tin Rex, John H. Walsh, Thomas J. TI Multilaboratory testing of antifungal combinations against a quality control isolate of Candida krusei SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID TIME-KILL; CLINICAL-EFFICACY; AGENTS; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY; VORICONAZOLE; TERBINAFINE; CASPOFUNGIN; ANTAGONISM; SYNERGY AB Candida krusei ATCC 6258 was tested by eight laboratories using 96-well plates containing checkerboard pairwise combinations of amphotericin B (AMB), posaconazole (PSC), caspofungin (CSP), and voriconazole (VRC). The methodology led to reproducible results across the laboratories. All drug combinations yielded MICs lower than the MICs of any two drugs tested singly, and combinations of AMB, PSC, CSP, and VRC were indifferent (no antagonism) by summations of fractional inhibitory concentration. C1 [Chaturvedi, Vishnu; Ramani, Rama] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Mycol Lab, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Med Mycol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Killian, Scott B.; Holliday, Nicole; Knapp, Cindy] TREK Diagnost Syst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Pfaller, Michael A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Iqbal, Naureen J.; Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vazquez, Jose A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Sein, Tin; Walsh, Thomas J.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Chaturvedi, V (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Mycol Lab, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM vishnu@wadsworth.org NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1500 EP 1502 DI 10.1128/AAC.00574-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 286YE UT WOS:000254881900041 PM 18227180 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Jhung, MA Yakrus, MA Butler, WR Adekambi, T Morlock, GP Williams, M Shams, AM Jensen, BJ Morey, RE Charles, N Toney, SR Jost, KC Dunbar, DF Bennett, V Kuan, M Srinivasan, A AF Cooksey, Robert C. Jhung, Michael A. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Butler, W. Ray Adekambi, Toidi Morlock, Glenn P. Williams, Margaret Shams, Alicia M. Jensen, Bette J. Morey, Roger E. Charles, Nadege Toney, Sean R. Jost, Kenneth C., Jr. Dunbar, Denise F. Bennett, Vickie Kuan, Marcella Srinivasan, Arjun TI Multiphasic approach reveals genetic diversity of environmental and patient isolates of Mycobacterium mucogenicum and Mycobacterium phocaicum associated with an outbreak of Bacteremias at a texas hospital SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CHELONAE-LIKE ORGANISM; SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; SP-NOV; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; STRAIN AB Between March and May 2006, a Texas hospital identified five Mycobacterium mucogenicum bloodstream infections among hospitalized oncology patients using fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids. Isolates from blood cultures were compared to 16 isolates from environmental sites or water associated with this ward. These isolates were further characterized by hsp65, 16S rRNA, and rpoB gene sequencing, hsp65 PCR restriction analysis, and molecular typing methods, including repetitive element PCR, random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of large restriction fragments. Three of five patient isolates were confirmed as M. mucogenicum and were in a single cluster as determined by all identification and typing methods. The remaining two patient isolates were identified as different strains of Mycobacterium phocaicum by rpoB sequence analysis. One of these matched an environmental isolate from a swab of a hand shower in the patient's room, while none of the clinical isolates of M. mucogenicum matched environmental strains. Among the other 15 environmental isolates, 11 were identified as M. mucogenicum and 4 as M. phocaicum strains, all of which were unrelated by typing methods. Although the 16S rRNA gene sequences matched for all 14 M. mucogenicum isolates, there were two each of the hsp65 and rpoB sequevars, seven PCR typing patterns, and 12 PFGE patterns. Among the seven M. phocaicum isolates were three 16S rRNA sequevars, two hsp65 sequevars, two rpoB sequevars, six PCR typing patterns, and six PFGE patterns. This outbreak represents the first case of catheter-associated bacteremia caused by M. phocaicum and the first report of clinical isolates from a U.S. hospital. The investigation highlights important differences in the available typing methods for mycobacteria and demonstrates the genetic diversity of these organisms even within narrow confines of time and space. C1 [Cooksey, Robert C.; Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Butler, W. Ray; Adekambi, Toidi; Morlock, Glenn P.; Charles, Nadege; Toney, Sean R.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jhung, Michael A.; Williams, Margaret; Shams, Alicia M.; Jensen, Bette J.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Morey, Roger E.] Ntl Ctr Zonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Food borne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jost, Kenneth C., Jr.; Dunbar, Denise F.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Bennett, Vickie; Kuan, Marcella] CHRISTUS Spohn Hosp, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rcooksey@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2480 EP 2487 DI 10.1128/AEM.02476-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500027 PM 18310417 ER PT J AU Rao, CY Riggs, MA Chew, GL Muilenberg, ML Thorne, PS Van Sickle, D Dunn, KH Brown, C AF Rao, Carol Y. Riggs, Margaret A. Chew, Ginger L. Muilenberg, Michael L. Thorne, Peter S. Van Sickle, David Dunn, Kevin H. Brown, Clive TI Characterization of airborne molds, endotoxins, and glucans in homes in New Orleans after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (vol 73, pg 1630, 2007) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Rao, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2558 EP 2558 DI 10.1128/AEM.00371-08 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500041 ER PT J AU Speizer, IS Goodwin, M Whittle, L Clyde, M Rogers, J AF Speizer, Ilene S. Goodwin, Mary Whittle, Lisa Clyde, Maureen Rogers, Jennifer TI Dimensions of child sexual abuse before age 15 in three Central American countries: Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child sexual abuse; perpetrator; intimate partner violence ID WOMEN; PREVALENCE; VIOLENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; COERCION; HEALTH; GIRLS; MEN AB Objective: The prevalence of sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence varies depending on the definitions and age categories used. This study examines the first national, population-based data available on child sexual abuse that occurs before age 15 in three countries: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study uses comparable indicators and measures of sexual abuse for the three countries to document the prevalence of abuse, types of perpetrators, and the association of child sexual abuse with recent intimate partner violence. Methods: Child sexual abuse was defined as sexual abuse that first occurs before age 15. Nationally representative data from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras were used. In El Salvador, separate questions on forced intercourse and non-penetrative sexual abuse were asked. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA Version 8SE. Results: The prevalence of child sexual abuse varied from 7.8% in Honduras to 6.4% in El Salvador and 4.7% in Guatemala. In all three countries, the overwhelming majority of women who reported child sexual abuse first experienced the abuse before age 11. Perpetrators tended to be a family member, a neighbor, or an acquaintance. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that women who experienced child sexual abuse in Guatemala and Honduras were about two times more likely to be in violent relationships as women who did not experience abuse. This relationship was not significant in multivariate analyses for El Salvador where the prevalence of intimate partner violence was the lowest. Conclusions: Child sexual abuse in Central America is clearly a problem with the prevalence between 5% and 8%. Child sexual abuse can have long-term negative health impacts including exposure to intimate partner violence in adulthood. Programs to prevent abuse and treat victims of child sexual abuse are needed in Central America. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Speizer, Ilene S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Goodwin, Mary; Whittle, Lisa; Clyde, Maureen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rogers, Jennifer] Reprod Hlth Technol Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Speizer, IS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Rosenau Hall,CB 7445, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.026 PG 8 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 313FO UT WOS:000256726700003 PM 18455794 ER PT J AU Haynes, BMH Schleicher, RL Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM AF Haynes, Bridgette M. H. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Jain, Ram B. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI The CDC VITAL-EQA program, external quality assurance for serum retinol, 2003-2006 SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE external quality assurance; retinol; vitamin A deficiency AB Background: With approximately 127 million preschool children currently suffering from vitamin A deficiency globally, it is important for affected countries to have the capacity to determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and to monitor the progress being made to eradicate this problem through supplementation and fortification programs. The VITamin A Laboratory-External Quality Assurance program (VITAL-EQA) administered by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was developed in 2003 to help predominantly less developed countries to assess and improve their ability to accurately and precisely measure serum retinol, and more recently other nutritional indicators. Methods: Twice each year, laboratories test serum samples in duplicate over the course of 3 days. Results are returned and troubleshooting is performed if needed. Results: Measurement accuracy improved for 2 laboratories and declined for 2 laboratories, whereas the remainder of laboratories participating in >1 round showed consistently acceptable performance. Precision improved for 7 laboratories, declined for 4 laboratories, and remained at <= 5% coefficient of variation for the rest of the participants. Conclusions: This program is a valuable tool for the assessment and improvement of retinol testing in laboratories throughout the world. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haynes, Bridgette M. H.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Jain, Ram B.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] US Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, DLS, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RSchleicher@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD APR PY 2008 VL 390 IS 1-2 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.01.009 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 282YO UT WOS:000254603800014 PM 18237548 ER PT J AU Bienek, DR Biagini, RE Charlton, DG Smith, JP Sammons, DL Robertson, SA AF Bienek, Diane R. Biagini, Raymond E. Charlton, David G. Smith, Jerome P. Sammons, Deborah L. Robertson, Shirley A. TI Rapid point-of-care test to detect broad ranges of protective antigen-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations in recipients of the US-licensed anthrax vaccine SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IN-VITRO CORRELATE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GUINEA-PIGS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RHESUS MACAQUES; IGG ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY AB Currently, there is no routine monitoring of an immune response to the anthrax vaccine. Simple on-site tests are needed to evaluate the antibody response of anthrax-vaccinated individuals in the Armed Forces and others at high risk. Using a prototype lateral flow assay (LFA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. F. Striley, J. E. Snawder, S. A. Robertson, and C. P. Quinn, Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13: 541-546, 2006), we investigated the agreement between a validated anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the LFA for 335 unvaccinated and vaccinated subjects. We also investigated the performance of the LFA under the following conditions: thermal shock (i. e., thermal cycling between temperature extremes), high temperature/ high relative humidity, high temperature/low relative humidity, and low temperature/low relative humidity. With the anti-PA ELISA used as a standard, the LFA was shown to be optimally diagnostic at 11 mu g/ml anti-PA-specific IgG. At this concentration, the LFA specificity and sensitivity were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97% to 100%) and 92% (CI, 88% to 97%), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve value of 0.988 (CI, 0.976 to 1.00), suggesting that the LFA is an extremely accurate diagnostic test. For <= 4 or >= 50 mu g/ml PA-specific IgG, the LFA results for each environmental condition were identical to those obtained in the laboratory. These data indicate that this rapid point-of-care test would be a feasible tool in monitoring the serological antibody responses of individuals that have been vaccinated against anthrax. C1 [Bienek, Diane R.; Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Bienek, Diane R.; Charlton, David G.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Frederick, MD USA. [Biagini, Raymond E.; Smith, Jerome P.; Sammons, Deborah L.; Robertson, Shirley A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM diane.bienek@med.navy.mil FU NIOSH and NIEHS [Y1-ES-0001]; Center for Commercialization of Advanced Technology [2004-01G] FX This work was supported in part by an interagency agreement between NIOSH and NIEHS (Y1-ES-0001; Clinical Immunotoxicity). Support from the Center for Commercialization of Advanced Technology (solicitation no. 2004-01G) also facilitated this study.; We appreciate the provision by BioPort Corp. of purified rPA and specific antibodies developed against it. We offer special thanks to M. E. Cohen and C. K. Chang for providing statistical consulting and skilled technical assistance, respectively.; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or positions of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. The use of commercially available products does not imply the endorsement of these products or preferences to other, similar products on the market. We are military service members or employees of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of our official duties. Mention of a product or company name does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH. The content and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.1128/CVI.00473-07 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TB UT WOS:000258666800010 PM 18321882 ER PT J AU Dechet, AM Yu, PA Koram, N Painter, J AF Dechet, Amy M. Yu, Patricia A. Koram, Nana Painter, John TI Nonfoodborne Vibrio infections: An important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, 1997-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VULNIFICUS INFECTIONS; WOUND-INFECTION; OYSTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEPTICEMIA; PATHOGENESIS; BACTEREMIA; FEATURES; DISEASE; FLORIDA AB Background. Infections due to Vibrio species cause an estimated 8000 illnesses annually, often through consumption of undercooked seafood. Like foodborne Vibrio infections, nonfoodborne Vibrio infections (NFVI) also result in serious illness, but awareness of these infections is limited. Methods. We analyzed illnesses occuring during the period 1997-2006 that were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance system. The diagnosis of NFVI required isolation of Vibrio species from a patient with contact with seawater. Results. Of 4754 Vibrio infections reported, 1210 (25%) were NFVIs. Vibrio vulnificus infections were the most common (accounting for 35% of NFVIs), with 72% of V. vulnificus infections reported from residents of Gulf Coast states. Infections due to V. vulnificus resulted in fever (72% of cases), cellulitis (85%), amputation (10%), and death (17%). V. vulnificus caused 62 NFVI-associated deaths (78%). Recreational activities accounted for 70% of exposures for patients with NFVIs associated with all species. Patients with liver disease were significantly more likely to die as a result of infection (odds ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-21.9). Regardless of pre-existing conditions, patients were more likely to die when hospitalization occurred 12 days after symptom onset (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.8). Conclusion. NFVIs, especially those due to V. vulnificus, demonstrate high morbidity and mortality. Persons with liver disease should be advised of the risks associated with seawater exposure if a wound is already present or is likely to occur. Clinicians should consider Vibrio species as an etiologic agent in infections occurring in persons with recent seawater exposure, even if the individual was only exposed during recreational marine activities. Immediate antibiotic treatment with aggressive monitoring is advised in suspected cases. C1 [Yu, Patricia A.; Koram, Nana; Painter, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dechet, Amy M.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, AIDS Educ & Training Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Painter, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jpainter@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1086/529148 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271VW UT WOS:000253817800002 PM 18444811 ER PT J AU Hossain, MJ Gurley, ES Montgomery, JM Bell, M Carroll, DS Hsu, VP Formenty, P Croisier, A Bertherat, E Faiz, MA Azad, AK Islam, R Molla, MAR Ksiazek, TG Rota, PA Comer, JA Rollin, PE Luby, SP Breiman, RF AF Hossain, M. Jahangir Gurley, Emily S. Montgomery, Joel M. Bell, Michael Carroll, Darin S. Hsu, Vincent P. Formenty, P. Croisier, A. Bertherat, E. Faiz, M. A. Azad, Abul Kalam Islam, Rafiqul Molla, M. Abdur Rahim Ksiazek, Thomas G. Rota, Paul A. Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre E. Luby, Stephen P. Breiman, Robert F. TI Clinical presentation of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE ENCEPHALITIS; RISK-FACTORS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; MALAYSIA; TRANSMISSION; HUMANS; MORBILLIVIRUS; SINGAPORE; OUTBREAK; WORKERS AB Background. In Bangladesh, 4 outbreaks of Nipah virus infection were identified during the period 2001-2004. Methods. We characterized the clinical features of Nipah virus-infected individuals affected by these outbreaks. We classified patients as having confirmed cases of Nipah virus infection if they had antibodies reactive with Nipah virus antigen. Patients were considered to have probable cases of Nipah virus infection if they had symptoms consistent with Nipah virus infection during the same time and in the same community as patients with confirmed cases. Results. We identified 92 patients with Nipah virus infection, 67 (73%) of whom died. Although all age groups were affected, 2 outbreaks principally affected young persons (median age, 12 years); 62% of the affected persons were male. Fever, altered mental status, headache, cough, respiratory difficulty, vomiting, and convulsions were the most common signs and symptoms; clinical and radiographic features of acute respiratory distress syndrome of Nipah illness were identified during the fourth outbreak. Among those who died, death occurred a median of 6 days (range, 2-36 days) after the onset of illness. Patients who died were more likely than survivors to have a temperature >137.8 degrees C, altered mental status, difficulty breathing, and abnormal plantar reflexes. Among patients with Nipah virus infection who had well-defined exposure to another patient infected with Nipah virus, the median incubation period was 9 days (range, 6-11 days). Conclusions. Nipah virus infection produced rapidly progressive severe illness affecting the central nervous and respiratory systems. Clinical characteristics of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh, including a severe respiratory component, appear distinct from clinical characteristics reported during earlier outbreaks in other countries. C1 [Faiz, M. A.] Dhaka Med Coll Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Azad, Abul Kalam; Islam, Rafiqul; Molla, M. Abdur Rahim] Govt Bangladesh, Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Montgomery, Joel M.; Bell, Michael; Carroll, Darin S.; Hsu, Vincent P.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Rota, Paul A.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Formenty, P.; Croisier, A.; Bertherat, E.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hossain, M. Jahangir; Gurley, Emily S.; Luby, Stephen P.; Breiman, Robert F.] ICDDR B, Div Clin Sci, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Hossain, MJ (reprint author), ICDDR B, Div Clin Sci, B,68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM jhossain@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 977 EP 984 DI 10.1086/529147 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271VW UT WOS:000253817800003 PM 18444812 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Secor, WE Leichliter, JS Clark, RA Schmidt, N Curtin, E Martin, DH AF Kissinger, Patricia Secor, W. Evan Leichliter, Jami S. Clark, Rebecca A. Schmidt, Norine Curtin, Erink Martin, David H. TI Early repeated infections with Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PREVALENCE; METRONIDAZOLE; RESISTANT; DIAGNOSIS; RISK; TRANSMISSION; REINFECTION; ACQUISITION; PREDICTORS AB Background. The purpose of the study was to examine whether early repeated infections due to Trichomonas vaginalis among human immunuodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women are reinfections, new infections, or cases of treatment failure. Methods Women attending an HIV outpatient clinic and a family planning clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, who had culture results positive for T. vaginalis were treated with 2 g of metronidazole under directly observed therapy. At 1 month, detailed sexual exposure and sexual partner treatment information was collected. Isolates from women who had clinical resistance (i.e., who tested positive for a third time after treatment at a higher dose) were tested for metronidazole susceptibility in vitro. Results. Of 60 HIV-positive women with trichomoniasis, 11 (18.3%) were T. vaginalis positive 1 month after treatment. The 11 recurrences were classified as 3 probable reinfections (27%), 2 probable infections from a new sexual partner (18%), and 6 probable treatment failures (55%); 2 of the 6 patients who experienced probable treatment failure had isolates with mild resistance to metronidazole. Of 301 HIV-negative women, 24 (8.0%) were T. vaginalis positive 1 month after treatment. The 24 recurrences were classified as 2 probable reinfections (8%) and 22 probable treatment failures (92%); of the 22 patients who experienced probable treatment failure, 2 had strains with moderate resistance to metronidazole, and 1 had a strain with mild resistance to metronidazole. Conclusion. HIV-positive women were more likely to have sexual re-exposure than were HIV-negative women, although the rate of treatment failure was similar in both groups. High rates of treatment failure among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women indicate that a 2-g dose of metronidazole may not be adequate for treatment of some women and that rescreening should be considered. C1 [Kissinger, Patricia; Schmidt, Norine; Curtin, Erink] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. [Clark, Rebecca A.; Martin, David H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu FU ARRA NIH HHS [RA1-CCR622272-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [1 U19 AI61972-01, U19 AI061972]; PHS HHS [R30/CCR619146] NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 994 EP 999 DI 10.1086/529149 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271VW UT WOS:000253817800006 PM 18444815 ER PT J AU Darden, PM Taylor, JA Brooks, DA Hendricks, JW Massoudi, M Stevenson, JM Bocian, AB AF Darden, Paul M. Taylor, James A. Brooks, Dennis A. Hendricks, J. W. Massoudi, Mehran Stevenson, John M. Bocian, Alison B. TI How should immunization rates be measured in the office setting? A study from PROS and NMA PedsNet SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; immunization; measurement; medical record; office visit; health care quality improvement; child; infant ID NATIONAL-MEDICAL-ASSOCIATION; PEDIATRIC RESEARCH; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; COVERAGE; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; DELIVERY; PATIENT; IMPACT AB The aim of the study was to compare the validity and reliability of 2 sampling methods for measuring immunization rates to a reference standard in a national sample of pediatric office practices. The consecutive method involved patients seen consecutively in the office for any reason; the random record was a random selection of medical records; and the reference standard active method, data of a randomly selected subgroup of children in the random record survey were supplemented with information from a telephone interview. The consecutive method of assessing immunization rates results in rates that are, on average, higher and closer to the reference standard, but also more variable. The random record method rates are lower and further from the study reference standard compared with the consecutive method, but more precise. The consecutive method for measuring practice immunization rates could be a useful quality improvement tool as practices seek to improve immunization delivery and quality of care. It is inexpensive, simple, and easy to implement. C1 [Darden, Paul M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Taylor, James A.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brooks, Dennis A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hendricks, J. W.] Pediat & Adolescent Care, Tulsa, OK USA. [Massoudi, Mehran; Stevenson, John M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bocian, Alison B.] AAP, CCHR, PROS, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Darden, PM (reprint author), MUSC Gen Pediat, 135 Rutledge Ave,POB 250561, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM dardenpm@musc.edu FU PHS HHS [CDC 75-09-0421, MCHB 75-03-0030, #177022-06-1] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1177/0009922807308743 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 273LP UT WOS:000253932500008 PM 18057163 ER PT J AU Green, MD Nettey, H Wirtz, RA AF Green, Michael D. Nettey, Henry Wirtz, Robert A. TI Determination of oseltamivir quality by colorimetric and liquid chromatographic methods SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ASSAY AB We developed a colorimetric and chromatographic assay for oseltamivir to assess the authenticity of Tamiflu (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) because of a growing concern about counterfeit oseltamivir. The colorimetric assay is quantitative and relies on an extractable colored ion-pair complex of oseltamivir with Congo red or bromochlorophenol blue. The reverse-phase chromatographic assay uses an alkaline mobile phase with UV detection. Both methods were evaluated for variability and selectivity and subsequently applied to batches of oseltamivir products acquired through the Internet. The Congo red test showed greater assay sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy. Colorimetric and chromatographic analysis showed all batches of oseltamivir product were within +/- 15% of the stated amount of active ingredient. C1 [Green, Michael D.; Nettey, Henry; Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgreen@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 282VJ UT WOS:000254595000003 PM 18394271 ER PT J AU Mbulaiteye, SM Pfeiffer, RM Dolan, B Tsang, VCW Noh, J Mikhail, NNH Abdel-Hamid, M Hashem, M Whitby, D Strickland, GT Goedert, JJ AF Mbulaiteye, Sam M. Pfeiffer, Ruth M. Dolan, Bryan Tsang, Victor C. W. Noh, John Mikhail, Nabiel N. H. Abdel-Hamid, Mohamed Hashem, Mohamed Whitby, Denise Strickland, G. Thomas Goedert, James J. TI Seroprevalence and risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection, rural egypt SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Kaposis Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus and Related Agents CY JUL 12-15, 2006 CL Cape Cod, MA ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AFRICA; ASSAYS AB To determine whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with schistosomal and hepatitis C virus infections in Egypt, we surveyed 965 rural household participants who had been tested for HHV-8 and schistosomal infection (seroprevalence 14.2% and 68.6%, respectively, among those <15 years of age, and 24.2% and 72.8%, respectively, among those 2:15 years of age). Among adults, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with higher age, lower education, dental treatment, tattoos, >10 lifetime injections, and hepatitis C virus seropositivity. In adjusted analyses, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with dental treatment among men (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.2) and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among women (OR 3.3, 95% Cl 1.4-7.9). HHV-8 association with antischistosomal antibodies was not significant for men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.3-16.4), but marginal for women (OR 1.5, 95% Cl 1.0-2.5). Our findings suggest salivary and possible nosocomial HHV-8 transmission in rural Egypt. C1 [Mbulaiteye, Sam M.; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Dolan, Bryan; Goedert, James J.] NCI, Rockville, MD USA. [Whitby, Denise] NCI, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Abdel-Hamid, Mohamed; Hashem, Mohamed; Strickland, G. Thomas] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Abdel-Hamid, Mohamed; Hashem, Mohamed] Natl Hepatol & Trop Med Res Inst, Cairo, Egypt. [Tsang, Victor C. W.; Noh, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mikhail, Nabiel N. H.] Assiut Univ, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mbulaiteye, SM (reprint author), 6120 Execut Blvd,Execut Plaza S,Rm 7080, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM mbulaits@mail.nih.gov RI Pfeiffer, Ruth /F-4748-2011 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 586 EP 591 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 282VJ UT WOS:000254595000008 PM 18394276 ER PT J AU Stamm, B Moschopulos, M Hungerbuehier, H Guarner, J Genrich, GL Zaki, SR AF Stamm, Bernhard Moschopulos, Michael Hungerbuehier, Hansjoerg Guarner, Jeannette Genrich, Gillian L. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Neuroinvasion by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIRECT INVASION; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS AB We report the autopsy findings for a 45-year-old man with polyradiculoneuropathy and fatal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after having Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. M. pneumoniae antigens were demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue, indicating neuroinvasion as an additional pathogenetic mechanism in central neurologic complications of M. pneumoniae infection. C1 [Guarner, Jeannette; Genrich, Gillian L.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stamm, Bernhard; Moschopulos, Michael; Hungerbuehier, Hansjoerg] Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Dept Pathol, CH-5000 Aarau, Switzerland. RP Stamm, B (reprint author), Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Dept Pathol, CH-5000 Aarau, Switzerland. EM bernhard.stamm@ksa.ch RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 641 EP 643 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 282VJ UT WOS:000254595000016 PM 18394283 ER PT J AU Diaz, LA Komar, N Visintin, A Juri, MJD Stein, M Allende, RL Spinsanti, L Konigheim, B Aguilar, J Laurito, M Almiron, W Contigiani, M AF Adrian Diaz, Luis Komar, Nicholas Visintin, Andres Dantur Juri, Maria Julia Stein, Marina Allende, Rebeca Lobo Spinsanti, Lorena Konigheim, Brenda Aguilar, Javier Laurito, Magdalena Almiron, Walter Contigiani, Marta TI West Nile virus in birds, Argentina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Adrian Diaz, Luis; Visintin, Andres; Spinsanti, Lorena; Konigheim, Brenda; Aguilar, Javier; Laurito, Magdalena; Almiron, Walter; Contigiani, Marta] Natl Univ Cordoba, Inst Virol Dr JM Vanella, Sch Med Sci, Cordoba, Argentina. [Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Dantur Juri, Maria Julia; Allende, Rebeca Lobo] Univ Nacl Tucuman, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Stein, Marina] Univ Nacl Noreste, Chaco, Argentina. RP Diaz, LA (reprint author), Natl Univ Cordoba, Inst Virol Dr JM Vanella, Sch Med Sci, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez S-N 5016,Ciudad Univ, Cordoba, Argentina. EM ladriandiaz@gmail.com OI Diaz, Luis Adrian/0000-0001-5953-2907 NR 7 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 282VJ UT WOS:000254595000038 PM 18394305 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxen TI In dreams begin responsibilities SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 695 EP 696 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 282VJ UT WOS:000254595000040 ER PT J AU Adibi, JJ Whyatt, RM Williams, PL Calafat, AM Camann, D Herrick, R Nelson, H Bhat, HK Perera, FA Silva, MJ Hauser, R AF Adibi, Jennifer J. Whyatt, Robin M. Williams, Paige L. Calafat, Antonia M. Camann, David Herrick, Robert Nelson, Heather Bhat, Hari K. Perera, Frederica A. Silva, Manori J. Hauser, Russ TI Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE creatinine; indoor air; personal air; phthalates; pregnancy; specific gravity; urinary metabolites; variability ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; INDOOR-AIR; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; PESTICIDES; BIOMARKERS AB BACKGROUND: Although urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites are frequently used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, variability during pregnancy has not been characterized. METHODS: We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples collected from 246 pregnant Dominican and African-American women. Twenty-eight women had repeat urine samples collected over a 6-week period. We also analyzed 48-hr personal air samples (n = 96 women) and repeated indoor air samples (n = 32 homes) for five plithalate diesters. Mixed-effects models were fit to evaluate reproducibility via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of using a single specimen versus repeat samples to classify a woman's exposure in the low or high category. RESULTS: Plithalates were detected in 85-100% of air and urine samples. ICCs for the unadjusted urinary metabolite concentrations ranged from 0.30 for mono-ethyl plithalate to 0.66 for monobenzyl plithalate. For indoor air, ICCs ranged from 0.48 [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)] to 0.83 [butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP)]. Air levels of plithalate diesters correlated with their respective urinary metabolite concentrations for BBzP (r = 0.71), di-isobutyl plithalate (r = 0.44), and diethyl plithalate (DEP; r = 0.39). In women sampled late in pregnancy, specific gravity appeared to be more effective than creatinine in adjusting for urine dilution. CONCLUSIONS: urinary concentrations of DEP and DEHP metabolites in pregnant women showed lower reproducibility than metabolites for di-n-butyl phthalate and BBzP. A single indoor air sample may be sufficient to characterize phthalate exposure in the home, whereas urinary phthalate biomarkers should be sampled longitudinally during pregnancy to minimize exposure misclassification. C1 [Adibi, Jennifer J.; Herrick, Robert; Nelson, Heather; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Whyatt, Robin M.; Bhat, Hari K.; Perera, Frederica A.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Williams, Paige L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Silva, Manori J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Herrick, Robert] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rmw5@columbia.edu RI Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES013543]; NIOSH CDC HHS [T42 OH008416]; PHS HHS [P01 00002] NR 35 TC 167 Z9 174 U1 4 U2 47 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 4 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1289/ehp.10749 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 282KL UT WOS:000254566500027 PM 18414628 ER PT J AU Lu, CS Barr, DB Pearson, MA Waller, LA AF Lu, Chensheng Barr, Dana B. Pearson, Melanie A. Waller, Lance A. TI Dietary intake and its contribution to longitudinal organophosphorus pesticide exposure in urban/suburban children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children; chlorpyrifos; dietary exposure; longitudinal pesticide exposure; malathion; organic diet; organophosphorus pesticides; urinary biomonitoring ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; METABOLITES; CHLORPYRIFOS; URINE; URBAN AB BACKGROUND: The widespread use of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides has led to frequent exposure in adults and children. Because such exposure may cause adverse health effects, particularly in children, the sources and patterns of exposure need to be studied further. OBJECTIVES: We assessed young urban/suburban children's longitudinal exposure to OP pesticides in the Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (CPES) conducted in the greater Seattle, Washington, area, and used a novel study design that allowed us to determine the contribution of dietary intake to the overall OP pesticide exposure. METHODS: Twenty-three children 3-11 years of age who consumed only conventional diets were recruited for this 1-year study conducted in 2003-2004. Children switched to organic diets for 5 consecutive days in the summer and fall sampling seasons. We measured specific urinary metabolites for malathion, chlorpyrifos, and other OP pesticides in urine samples collected twice daily for a period of 7, 12, or 15 consecutive days during each of the four seasons. RESULTS: By substituting organic fresh fruits and vegetables for corresponding conventional food items, the median urinary metabolite concentrations were reduced to nondetected or close to nondetected levels for malathion and chlorpyrifos at the end of the 5-day organic diet intervention period in both summer and fall seasons. We also observed a seasonal effect on the OP urinary metabolite concentrations, and this seasonality corresponds to the consumption of fresh produce throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study demonstrate that dietary intake of OP pesticides represents the major source of exposure in young children. C1 [Lu, Chensheng; Pearson, Melanie A.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waller, Lance A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lu, CS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clu2@sph.emory.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 24 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 28 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 4 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1289/ehp.10912 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 282KL UT WOS:000254566500039 PM 18414640 ER PT J AU Alwis, KU Blount, BC Silva, LK Smith, MM Loose, KH AF Alwis, K. Udeni Blount, Benjamin C. Silva, Lalith K. Smith, Mitchell M. Loose, Karl-Hermann TI Method for quantifying in blood as a potential biomarker of halointromethane exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; CHLOROPICRIN; PEROXYNITRITE; BIODEHALOGENATION; QUANTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitromethane and its halogenated analogues in mammals raise concerns about potential toxicity to humans. This study shows that haloni-tromethanes are not stable in human blood and undergo dehalogenation to form nitromethane. We quantified nitromethane in human blood using solid-phase microextraction ISM) headspace sampling coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The limit of detection was 0.01 mu g/L with a linear calibration curve spanning 3 orders of magnitude. This method employs isotope dilution to precisely quantify trace amounts of nitromethane (coefficient of variation < 6%). At three spiked concentrations of nitromethane, method accuracy ranged from 88 to 99%. We applied this method to blood samples collected from 632 people with no known occupational exposure to nitromethane or halonitromethanes. Nitromethane was detected in all blood samples tested (range: 0.28-3.79,mu g/L, median: 0.66 mu g/L. Time-course experiments with trichloronitromethaneand tribromonitromethane-spiked blood showed that nitromethane was the major product formed (1 nmole tribromonitromethane formed 0.59 nmole of nitromethane, whereas 1 nmole trichloronitromethane formed 0.77 nmole nitromethane). Nitromethane may form endogenously from peroxynitrite: nitromethane concentrations increased proportionately in blood samples spiked with peroxynitrite. Blood nitromethane can be a biomarker of exposure to both nitromethane and halonitromethanes. This sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical method can be used to determine baseline blood nitromethane level in the general population. It can also be used to study the health impact from exposure to nitromethane and halonitromethanes in occupational environments and to assess trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) exposure in chemical terrorism investigations. C1 [Alwis, K. Udeni; Blount, Benjamin C.; Silva, Lalith K.; Smith, Mitchell M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Loose, Karl-Hermann] Thermo Fisher Sci, Bremen, Germany. RP Alwis, KU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eoe3@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2522 EP 2527 DI 10.1021/es702733k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800051 PM 18504991 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Sentz, J Rabaa, MA Mintz, ED AF Miller, M. A. Sentz, J. Rabaa, M. A. Mintz, E. D. TI Global epidemiology of infections due to Shigella, Salmonella serotype Typhi, and exterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; MILLION CHILDREN; GROWTH; BRAZIL; REDUCTION; NORTHEAST; MORTALITY; DISEASES; CHOLERA C1 [Miller, M. A.; Sentz, J.; Rabaa, M. A.] NIH, Div Int Epidemiol & Pupolat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mintz, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), 16 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM millemar@mail.nih.gov FU PHS HHS [32143] NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 433 EP 435 DI 10.1017/S095026880800040X PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FE UT WOS:000259337200001 PM 18461719 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Ram, PK Gupta, SK Miller, MA Mintz, ED AF Crump, J. A. Ram, P. K. Gupta, S. K. Miller, M. A. Mintz, E. D. TI Part I. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review ID CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; VI-CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; BONE-MARROW; CONJUGATE VACCINE; PARATYPHOID FEVER; COATED CAPSULES; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB There are only 10 contemporary, population-based studies of typhoid fever that evaluate disease incidence using blood Culture for confirmation of cases. Reported incidence ranged from 13 to 976/100000 persons per year. These studies are likely to have been done preferentially in high-incidence sites which makes generalization of data difficult. Only five of these Studies reported mortality. Of these the median (range) mortality was 0% (0-1 center dot 8%). Since study conditions usually involved enhanced clinical management of patients and the studies were not designed to evaluate mortality as an outcome, their usefulness for generalizing case-fatality rates is uncertain. No contemporary population-based studies reported rates of complications. Hospital-based typhoid fever Studies reported median (range) complication rates of 2 center dot 8% (0 center dot 6-4 center dot 9%) for intestinal perforation and case-fatality rates of 2 center dot 0% (0-14 center dot 8%). Rates of complications other than intestinal perforation were not reported in contemporary hospital-based studies. Hospital-based studies capture information on the most severe illnesses among persons who have access to health-care services limiting their generalizability. Only two Studies have informed the current understanding of typhoid fever age distribution Curves. Extrapolation from population-based Studies Suggests that most typhoid Fever occurs among young children in Asia. To reduce gaps in the Current understanding of typhoid fever incidence, complications, and case-fatality rate, large population-based studies using blood Culture confirmation of cases are needed in representative sites, especially in low and medium human development index countries outside Asia. C1 [Crump, J. A.; Ram, P. K.; Gupta, S. K.; Mintz, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Miller, M. A.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov FU U.S. National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [32143] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center and by grant number 32143 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Assessment of diarrhea disease burden and public health programs to control diarrhea in Asian Subcontinent and Africa NR 84 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 436 EP 448 DI 10.1017/S0950168807009338 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FE UT WOS:000259337200002 PM 17686194 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Hughes, GJ Botvinkin, AD Gribencha, SG Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, I. V. Hughes, G. J. Botvinkin, A. D. Gribencha, S. G. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Arctic and Arctic-like rabies viruses: distribution, phylogeny and evolutionary history SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; GENE; POPULATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; VARIANTS; DYNAMICS; ANTIBODY; ONTARIO; ALASKA AB Forty-one newly sequenced isolates of Arctic and Arctic-like rabies viruses, were genetically compared to each other and to those available from GenBank. Four phylogenetic lineages of Arctic viruses were identified. Arctic-1 viruses circulate in Ontario, Arctic-2 viruses circulate in Siberia and Alaska, Arctic-3 viruses Circulate circumpolarly, and a newly described lineage Arctic-4 circulates locally in Alaska. The oldest available isolates from Siberia (between 1950 and 1960) belong to the Arctic-2 and Arctic-3 lineages and share 98 center dot 6-99 center dot 2% N gene identity with contemporary viruses. Two lineages of Arctic-like Viruses were identified in Southern Asia and the Middle East (Arctic-like-1) and eastern Asia (Arctic-like-2). A time-scaled tree demonstrates that the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of Arctic and Arctic-like viruses is dated between 1255 and 1786. Evolution of the Arctic viruses has occurred through a northerly spread. The Arctic-like-2 lineage diverged first, whereas Arctic Viruses share a TMRCA with Arctic-like-1 viruses. C1 [Kuzmin, I. V.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hughes, G. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Botvinkin, A. D.] State Med Univ, Irkutsk, Russia. [Gribencha, S. G.] DI Ivanovskii Inst Virol, Moscow 123098, Russia. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 17,MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibk3@cdc.gov FU CDC FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency (CDC). We are grateful to Drs L. Castrodale (Alaska State Department of Health) and M. Westcott (Alaska State Virology Laboratory) for providing the rabies-positive samples from Alaska. We also thank Dr. L. Fuhrmann Veterinary Laboratory Europe (Kirchberg, Germany) for providing the dog RABV isolate from Iraq. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1017/S095026880700903X PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FE UT WOS:000259337200013 PM 17599781 ER PT J AU Brant, JO Zhu, JH Crider, K Berry, RJ Hao, L Li, Z Maneval, D Rasmussen, S Bailey, LB Yang, TP AF Brant, Jason O. Zhu, Jiang-Hui Crider, Krista Berry, R. J. Hao, Ling Li, Zhu Maneval, David Rasmussen, Sonja Bailey, Lynn B. Yang, Thomas P. TI Analysis of Locus-Specific DNA Methylation in Response to Chronic Folic Acid Supplementation and Withdrawal in Chinese Women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brant, Jason O.; Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Yang, Thomas P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Crider, Krista; Berry, R. J.; Rasmussen, Sonja] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804799 ER PT J AU Chen, HP McCoy, LF Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM AF Chen, Huiping McCoy, Leslie F. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2) in human serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and its comparison with a radioimmunoassay method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Huiping; McCoy, Leslie F.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCoy, Leslie F.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804321 ER PT J AU Crider, K Quinlivan, E Berry, RJ Hao, L Li, Z Maneval, D Yang, TP Zhu, JH Rasmussen, S Yang, QH Bailey, LB AF Crider, Krista Quinlivan, Eoin Berry, R. J. Hao, Ling Li, Zhu Maneval, David Yang, Thomas P. Zhu, Jiang-Hui Rasmussen, Sonja Yang, Quan-He Bailey, Lynn B. TI Changes in global DNA methylation in response to chronic consumption and withdrawal of folic acid is dependent on the MTHFR 677C -> T polymorphism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crider, Krista; Berry, R. J.; Rasmussen, Sonja; Yang, Quan-He] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quinlivan, Eoin] Univ Florida, Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Yang, Thomas P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805053 ER PT J AU Cusick, SE Tielsch, JM Ramsan, M Jape, JK Sazawal, S Black, RE Stoltzfus, RJ AF Cusick, Sarah E. Tielsch, James M. Ramsan, Mahdi Jape, Jape K. Sazawal, Sunil Black, Robert E. Stoltzfus, Rebecca J. TI Inflammation is strongly associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and predicts erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor, and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations in severely anemic Zanzibari preschool children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cusick, Sarah E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tielsch, James M.; Sazawal, Sunil; Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ramsan, Mahdi] RTI Int, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Jape, Jape K.] Zanzibar Malaria Control Program, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Stoltzfus, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806312 ER PT J AU Cusick, SE Mei, ZG Freedman, DS Looker, AC Ogden, CL Gunter, E Cogswell, ME AF Cusick, Sarah E. Mei, Zuguo Freedman, David S. Looker, Anne C. Ogden, Cynthia L. Gunter, Elaine Cogswell, Mary E. TI Unexplained decline in the prevalence of anemia among US children and women between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cusick, Sarah E.; Mei, Zuguo; Freedman, David S.; Gunter, Elaine] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cogswell, Mary E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Looker, Anne C.; Ogden, Cynthia L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804461 ER PT J AU Hao, L Yang, QH Li, Z Bailey, LB Zhu, JH Hu, DJ Zhang, BL Erickson, JD Zhang, L Gindler, J Li, S Berry, RJ AF Hao, Ling Yang, Quan-He Li, Zhu Bailey, Lynn B. Zhu, Jiang-Hui Hu, Dale J. Zhang, Bao-Lan Erickson, J. D. Zhang, Le Gindler, J. Li, Song Berry, R. J. TI Folate status response to chronic folic acid doses in large-scale population-based randomized intervention trial in young Chinese women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Zhang, Le; Li, Song] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yang, Quan-He; Hu, Dale J.; Erickson, J. D.; Berry, R. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bailey, Lynn B.] Univ Florida, Gainvesville, FL USA. [Gindler, J.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804680 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Cordero, S Neufeld, LM Garcia-Guerra, A Aburto, NJ AF Hernandez-Cordero, Sonia Neufeld, Lynnette M. Garcia-Guerra, Armando Aburto, Nancy J. TI Physical activity during pregnancy and early postpartum in Mexican women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hernandez-Cordero, Sonia; Neufeld, Lynnette M.; Garcia-Guerra, Armando] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Aburto, Nancy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467808215 ER PT J AU Kim, I AF Kim, Insun TI Healthy People 2010 Progress Review on Nutrition and Overweight Objectives SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Insun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GY UT WOS:000208467700671 ER PT J AU Kimmons, JE Gillespie, C Seymour, J Serdula, M Blanck, HM AF Kimmons, Joel E. Gillespie, Cathleen Seymour, Jennifer Serdula, Mary Blanck, Heidi Michels TI US Adolescent and Adult Fruit and Vegetable Intake at My Pyramid Caloric Requirement Levels among a National Sample SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kimmons, Joel E.; Gillespie, Cathleen; Seymour, Jennifer; Serdula, Mary; Blanck, Heidi Michels] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806142 ER PT J AU Klapproth, JMA Ribot, E Gerner-Smidt, P Garrett, N Sasaki, M AF Klapproth, Jan-Michael Axel Ribot, Efrain Gerner-Smidt, Peter Garrett, Nancy Sasaki, Maiko TI Genetically diverse invasive E. coli from IBD patients induce high concentrations of TNF-alpha SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Klapproth, Jan-Michael Axel; Sasaki, Maiko] Emory Univ, Div Digest Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ribot, Efrain; Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Garrett, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807259 ER PT J AU Lillard, JW Singh, UP Sakthivel, SK Dove, TM Singh, S Igietseme, JU AF Lillard, James W. Singh, Udai P. Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K. Dove, Terri M. Singh, Shailesh Igietseme, Joseph U. TI CCL5 modulates mucosal immunity against chlamydial infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lillard, James W.; Singh, Shailesh] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Singh, Udai P.; Dove, Terri M.] Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Igietseme, Joseph U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467801125 ER PT J AU Pena-Rosas, JP Viteri, FE AF Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo Viteri, Fernando E. TI Effects of routine oral iron supplementation with or without folic acid during pregnancy: an updated systematic review SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, IMMPaCt Program, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Viteri, Fernando E.] CHORI, Oakland, CA USA. [Viteri, Fernando E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467801080 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Hao, L Berry, RJ Bailey, LB Zhu, JH Crider, K Li, Z AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Fazili, Zia Hao, Ling Berry, R. J. Bailey, Lynn B. Zhu, Jianghui Crider, Krista Li, Zhu TI Folic acid dose, MTHFR C677T genotype, and temporal effects on plasma folate species SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Fazili, Zia] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Berry, R. J.; Crider, Krista] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hao, Ling; Zhu, Jianghui; Li, Zhu] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Bailey, Lynn B.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805041 ER PT J AU Quinlivan, E Crider, K Berry, RJ Hao, L Li, Z Zhu, JH Maneval, D Young, TP Bailey, LB AF Quinlivan, Eoin Crider, Krista Berry, R. J. Hao, Ling Li, Zhu Zhu, Jiang-Hui Maneval, David Young, Thomas P. Bailey, Lynn B. TI Global DNA methylation changes in response to chronic consumption and withdrawal of low, moderate, and high folic acid doses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Quinlivan, Eoin] Univ Florida, Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Crider, Krista; Berry, R. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui] Peking Univ, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Young, Thomas P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainvesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805099 ER PT J AU Radimer, K AF Radimer, Kathy TI Does measurement define hunger, or does hunger define measurement? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Radimer, Kathy] CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467809160 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Douglas, T Sjodin, A Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, Michael E. Douglas, Teresa Sjodin, Andreas Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Estimating dietary caffeine exposure and CYP1A2, NAT2 and XO enzyme function by urinary caffeine metabolite biomonitoring: a pilot study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rybak, Michael E.; Sjodin, Andreas; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Douglas, Teresa] Emory Univ, Nutr Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805113 ER PT J AU Sow, FB Sable, SB Plikaytis, BB Lafuse, WP Shinnick, TM AF Sow, Fatoumata Ba Sable, Suraj B. Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Lafuse, William P. Shinnick, Thomas M. TI Role of Hepcidin in the Innate Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sow, Fatoumata Ba; Sable, Suraj B.; Plikaytis, Bonnie B.; Shinnick, Thomas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lafuse, William P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GY UT WOS:000208467700831 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Swan, DC Unger, ER AF Steinau, Martin Swan, David C. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Type-specific reproducibility of the Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Steinau, Martin; Swan, David C.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] CDC, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803745 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Panicker, G Meadows, KS Lee, DR Blalock, EL AF Unger, Elizabeth R. Panicker, Gitika Meadows, Kristi S. Lee, Daisy R. Blalock, Emily L. TI Characterization of antibody response in women with naturally acquired HPV 16 infection using pseudovirion-based neutralization assay SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Unger, Elizabeth R.; Panicker, Gitika; Meadows, Kristi S.; Lee, Daisy R.; Blalock, Emily L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806489 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Hao, L Li, Z Bailey, LB Maneval, D Zhu, JH Hu, DJ Berry, RJ AF Yang, Quan-He Hao, Ling Li, Zhu Bailey, Lynn B. Maneval, David Zhu, Jiang-Hui Hu, Dale J. Berry, R. J. TI Effect of the MTHFR 677C -> T polymorphism on folate status response to folic acid doses in large-scale randomized intervention trial in young Chinese women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Quan-He; Hu, Dale J.; Berry, R. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui] Peking Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bailey, Lynn B.; Maneval, David; Zhu, Jiang-Hui] Univ Florida, Gainvesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805012 ER PT J AU Zhang, MD Schleicher, RL Drammeh, BS Pao, CI Pfeiffer, CM AF Zhang, Mindy Schleicher, Rosemary L. Drammeh, Bakary S. Pao, Ching-I Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Effect of delayed processing of whole blood on the stability of vitamin B12, folate and transferrin receptor in human serum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Mindy; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Drammeh, Bakary S.; Pao, Ching-I; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pao, Ching-I] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804195 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Hao, L Li, Z Quinlivan, E Maneval, D Yang, TP Berry, RJ Crider, K Rasmussen, S Bailey, LB AF Zhu, Jiang-Hui Hao, Ling Li, Zhu Quinlivan, Eoin Maneval, David Yang, Thomas P. Berry, R. J. Crider, Krista Rasmussen, Sonja Bailey, Lynn B. TI Low vitamin B12 status is negatively associated with global DNA methylation in young Chinese women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Quinlivan, Eoin] Univ Florida, Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Yang, Thomas P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Berry, R. J.; Crider, Krista; Rasmussen, Sonja] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805126 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Feng, YY AF Xiao, Lihua Feng, Yaoyu TI Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cryptosporidium; zoonosis; molecular epidemiology; genotyping; cryptosporidiosis; diagnosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE-SEQUENCES; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; NORTHERN-IRELAND AB The widespread usages of molecular epidemiological tools have improved the understanding of cryptosporidiosis transmission. Much attention on zoonotic cryptosporidiosis is centered on Cryptosporidium parvum. Results of genotype surveys indicate that calves are the only major reservoir for C. parvum infections in humans. The widespread presence of human-adapted C. parvum, especially in developing countries, is revealed by recent subtyping and multilocus typing studies, which have also demonstrated the anthroponotic transmission of C. parvum subtypes shared by humans and cattle. Developing and industrialized countries differ significantly in disease burdens caused by zoonotic species and in the source of these parasites, with the former having far fewer human infections caused by C. parvum and little zoonotic transmission of this species. Exclusive anthroponotic transmission of seemingly zoonotic C. parvum subtypes was seen in Mid-Eastern countries. Other zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. are also responsible for substantial numbers of human infections in developing countries, many of which are probably transmitted by anthroponotic pathways. The lower pathogenicity of some zoonotic species in some populations supports the occurrence of different clinical spectra of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans. The use of a new generation of molecular diagnostic tools is likely to produce a more complete picture of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. C1 [Xiao, Lihua; Feng, Yaoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 149 TC 172 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00377.x PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 274CH UT WOS:000253978900002 PM 18205803 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTIONS C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9997 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 293HJ UT WOS:000255326000001 PM 18429361 ER PT J AU Robitaille, J Grant, AM AF Robitaille, Julie Grant, Althea M. TI The genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence for relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE gestational diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes; genetics; pregnancy; association studies ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN CONCENTRATIONS; MANNAN-BINDING-PROTEIN; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; GROWTH-FACTOR-II; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR-7-LIKE-2 TCF7L2 GENE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE AB Gestational diabetes is a major public health problem because of its prevalence, its associated complications during pregnancy, and its increased risk for type 2 diabetes later in life. Insulin resistance is one of many physiological changes occurring during pregnancy, and when insulin resistance is accompanied by pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency, gestational diabetes may develop. Several lines of evidence suggest that gestational diabetes shares a common etiology with type 2 diabetes and support the hypothesis that gestational diabetes serves as a window to reveal a predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Pregnancy is an environmental stressor that may catalyze the progression to a diabetic state in genetically predisposed women; therefore, identification of these women during pregnancy could decrease the occurrence of type 2 diabetes through targeted prevention. This review presents an overview of the genetics of gestational diabetes, focusing on human association studies with candidate genes common to both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. C1 [Grant, Althea M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilit, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grant, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilit, Div Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AGrant@cdc.gov RI Robitaille, Julie/O-4892-2016 OI Robitaille, Julie/0000-0001-7035-0477 NR 157 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 EI 1530-0366 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31816b10 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 291XP UT WOS:000255231000002 PM 18414206 ER PT J AU Kemper, AR Boyle, CA Aceves, J Dougherty, D Figge, J Fisch, JL Hinman, AR Greene, CL Kus, CA Miller, J Robertson, D Therrell, B Lloyd-Puryear, M van Dyck, PC Howell, RR AF Kemper, Alex R. Boyle, Coleen A. Aceves, Javier Dougherty, Denise Figge, James Fisch, Jill L. Hinman, Alan R. Greene, Carol L. Kus, Christopher A. Miller, Julie Robertson, Derek Therrell, Brad Lloyd-Puryear, Michele van Dyck, Peter C. Howell, R. Rodney TI Long-term follow-up after diagnosis resulting from newborn screening: Statement of the US Secretary of Health and Human Services' Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders and Genetic Diseases in Newborns and Children SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE neonatal screening; comprehensive health care; guideline AB The US Secretary of Health and Human Services' Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders and Genetic Diseases in Newborns and Children provides guidance to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with heritable disorders, with a special emphasis on those conditions detectable through newborn screening. Although long-term follow-up is necessary to maximize the benefit of diagnosis through newborn screening, such care is variable and inconsistent. To begin to improve long-term follow-up, the Advisory Committee has identified its key features, including the assurance and provision of quality chronic disease management, condition-specific treatment, and age-appropriate preventive care throughout the lifespan of affected individuals. There are four components central to achieving long-term follow-up: care coordination through a medical home, evidence-based treatment, continuous quality improvement, and new knowledge discovery. C1 [Kemper, Alex R.] Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aceves, Javier] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dougherty, Denise] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qualtiy, Rockville, MD USA. [Figge, James] New York State Dept Hlth, Off Med Management, Albany, NY USA. [Fisch, Jill L.] Save Babies Screening Fdn, Malvern, PA USA. [Greene, Carol L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kus, Christopher A.] New York State Dept Hlth, ASTHO, Albany, NY USA. [Miller, Julie] Nebraska Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. [Robertson, Derek] Hlth Care Consultant, Columbia, MD USA. [Therrell, Brad] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lloyd-Puryear, Michele; van Dyck, Peter C.] Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD USA. [Howell, R. Rodney] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Hinman, Alan R.] Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. RP Kemper, AR (reprint author), 2400 Pratt St,Room 0311 Terrace Level, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM alex.kemper@duke.edu NR 7 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181b64f9 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 291XP UT WOS:000255231000004 PM 18414208 ER PT J AU Person, B Addiss, D Bartholomew, LK Meijer, C Pou, V AF Person, Bobbie Addiss, David Bartholomew, L. Kay Meijer, Cecilia Pou, Victor TI "Can It Be That God Does Not Remember Me": A qualitative study on the psychological distress, suffering, and coping of Dominican women with chronic filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis of the leg SO HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; RURAL COMMUNITIES; TREATMENT COSTS; SOUTH-INDIA; DISEASE; INDIVIDUALS; GENDER; HEALTH; SELF AB The psychological states of Dominican women with chronic lymphedema and elephantiasis of the leg and the coping strategies they used to ameliorate the negative psychological effects of this condition were explored using modified precepts of grounded theory method. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviewing and focus group discussions held in the Dominican Republic. Thematic results found that compounding their physical disfigurement, functional limitations, and social losses were feelings of depression, embarrassment, social isolation, and despair. Adaptive problem solving and emotion focused coping strategies that emerged during analysis also are discussed. It is recommended that management of psychological distress should be a significant component of lymphedema management programs in developing countries. C1 [Person, Bobbie; Meijer, Cecilia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Person, Bobbie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Addiss, David] Fetzer Inst, Kalamazoo, MI USA. [Bartholomew, L. Kay] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Pou, Victor] Feder Velasquez Esq Albert Thomas, Inst Dermatol & Cirugia Piel Dr Huberto Bogaert D, Dept Flebol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Person, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-C14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BEP2@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [401R103] NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0739-9332 J9 HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN JI Health Care Women Int. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 349 EP 365 DI 10.1080/07399330701876406 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 290WZ UT WOS:000255155100003 PM 18389432 ER PT J AU Decker, FH AF Decker, Frederic H. TI Nursing home performance in resident care in the United States: is it only a matter of for-profit versus not-for-profit? SO HEALTH ECONOMICS POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; MEDICAID REIMBURSEMENT; PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS; PRESSURE ULCERS; REFORM ACT; OUTCOMES; OWNERSHIP; FACILITY AB Poorer resident care in US for-profit relative to not-for-profit nursing homes is usually blamed on the profit motive. But US nursing home performance may relate to Medicaid public financing in a manner qualifying the relationship between ownership and quality. We investigated effects of Medicaid resident census, Medicaid payment, and occupancy on performance. Resource dependence theory implies these predictors may affect discretion in resources invested in resident care across for-profit and not-for-profit facilities. Models on physical restraint use and registered nurse (RN) staffing were studied using generalized estimating equations with panel data derived from certification inspections of nursing homes. Restraint use increased and RN staffing levels decreased among for-profit and not-for-profit facilities when the Medicaid census increased and Medicaid payment decreased. Interaction effects supported a theory that performance relates to available discretion in resource allocation. Effects of occupancy appear contingent on the dependence on Medicaid. Poorer performance among US for-profit nursing homes may relate to for-profit homes having lower occupancy, higher Medicaid census, and operating in US states with lower Medicaid payments compared to not-for-profit homes. Understanding the complexity of factors affecting resources expended on resident care may further our understanding of the production of quality in nursing homes, whether in the US or elsewhere. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Decker, FH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3435, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM FDecker@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1331 EI 1744-134X J9 HEALTH ECON POLICY L JI Health Econ. Policy Law PD APR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.1017/S1744133107004410 PG 26 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA V18YI UT WOS:000208039700002 PM 18634624 ER PT J AU Logan, JE Riley, AW Barker, LE AF Logan, Joseph E. Riley, Anne W. Barker, Lawrence E. TI Parental mental and pain-related health and pediatric ambulatory care sensitive emergency department visits and hospitalizations SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ambulatory care sensitive conditions; maternal child health ID CHILDREN; DEPRESSION; ACCESS; ASTHMA; SERVICES; RECEIPT; RISK; LIFE AB Objectives. To investigate the types of parental psychiatric and pain-related (PR) conditions that are associated with inadequate management of children's health and medical needs. Data Sources. The 1997-1998 Thomson/Medstat MarketScan((R)) claims and administrative dataset. Study Design. A cross-sectional study that assessed the associations between parents' claims for psychiatric and PR conditions, and their children's well-child care as well as emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for conditions that can be treated effectively in outpatient settings (ambulatory care sensitive [ACS] conditions). Data Extraction Methods. Claims were extracted for 258,313 children of ages 0-17 years and their parents, who had insurance coverage for a full 2-year period. Principal Finding. Multiple parental psychiatric and PR diagnoses were associated with child ACS emergency services/hospitalizations. Maternal depression was negatively associated with a child having the recommended well-child visits (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95 percent confidence intervals [CI]: 0.84-0.99). The combined diagnoses of maternal depression and back pain was positively associated with a child having an ACS-ED visit (OR: 1.64, 95 percent CI: 1.33-2.03) and a child having an ACS hospitalization (OR: 2.04, 95 percent CI: 1.34-3.09). Conclusions. Pediatricians' ability to manage child health may be enhanced with coordinated management of parental psychopathology and PR health conditions. C1 [Logan, Joseph E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Logan, Joseph E.; Riley, Anne W.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Riley, Anne W.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Barker, Lawrence E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Logan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH 19545, T32 MH019545] NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 656 EP 674 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00790.x PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 280GO UT WOS:000254414000013 PM 18370972 ER PT J AU Wise, M Bialek, S Finelli, L Bell, BP Sorvillo, F AF Wise, Matthew Bialek, Stephanie Finelli, Lyn Bell, Beth P. Sorvillo, Frank TI Changing trends in hepatitis C-related mortality in the United States, 1995-2004 SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; VIRUS-INFECTION; DEATH CERTIFICATES; NATURAL-HISTORY; ALCOHOL; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; HCV AB The disease burden and mortality from hepatitis C are predicted to increase in the United States as the number of persons with long-standing chronic infection grows. We analyzed hepatitis C mortality rates derived from US Census and multiple-cause-of-death data for 1995-2004. Deaths were considered hepatitis C-related if: (1) hepatitis C was the underlying cause of death, (2) chronic liver disease was the underlying cause and hepatitis C was a contributing cause, or (3) human immunodeficiency virus was the underlying cause and chronic liver disease and hepatitis C were contributing causes. A total of 56,409 hepatitis C-related deaths were identified. Mortality rates increased 123% during the study period (1.09 per 100,000 persons to 2.44 per 100,000), but average annual increases were smaller during 2000-2004 than 1995-1999. After peaking in 2002 (2.57 per 100,000), overall rates declined slightly, but continued to increase among persons aged 55-64 years. Overall increases were greater among males (144%) than females (81%) and among non-Hispanic blacks (170%) and Native Americans (241%) compared to non-Hispanic whites (124%) and Hispanics (84%). The 7,427 hepatitis C deaths in 2004 (mean age: 55 years), corresponded to 148,611 years of potential life lost. The highest mortality rates in 2004 were observed among males, persons aged 45-54 and 55-64 years, Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska Natives. Conclusion: Overall, hepatitis C mortality has increased substantially since 1995. Despite small declines in recent years, rates have continued to increase among persons aged 55-64 years. Hepatitis C is an important cause of premature mortality. C1 [Wise, Matthew; Sorvillo, Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wise, Matthew; Sorvillo, Frank] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, Data Collect & Anal Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bialek, Stephanie; Finelli, Lyn; Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wise, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mawise@ph.lacounty.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI07481] NR 26 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1135 DI 10.1002/hep.22165 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 283LG UT WOS:000254637100005 PM 18318441 ER PT J AU Manos, MM Leyden, WA Murphy, RC Terrault, NA Bell, BP AF Manos, M. Michele Leyden, Wendy A. Murphy, Rosemary C. Terrault, Norah A. Bell, Beth P. TI Limitations of conventionally derived chronic liver disease mortality rates: Results of a comprehensive assessment SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis ID UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-C AB Standard death certificate-based methods for ascertaining deaths due to chronic liver disease (CLD), such as the U.S. vital statistics approach, rely on a limited set of diagnostic codes to define CLD. These codes do not include viral hepatitis or consider hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deaths, and thus, underestimate the true burden of CLD mortality. Deaths associated with CLD may be further misunderstood because of the inherent limitations of death record information. Using a comprehensive list of CLD-related codes to search death records, we investigated the CLD mortality rate and associated etiologies (derived from medical records) in a large managed care health plan. From the 16,970 deaths among health plan members in 2000, we confirmed 355 (2.1%) as CLD related, including 75 with HCC. The age-adjusted CLD mortality rate using the comprehensive codes was 11.9 per 100,000 compared with 6.3 per 100,000 using only conventional codes. Based on medical records, the underlying CLD was attributed to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in 44% of deaths, HCV infection with ALD in 16%, HCV without ALD in 18%, and chronic HBV infection in 7%. Only 64% of HCV-associated, 48% of HBV-associated, and 64% of ALD-associated deaths ascertained by medical record had that specific etiology mentioned on the death certificate. Conclusion: CLD mortality burden was almost doubled by using a comprehensive list of mortality codes and considering HCC deaths as CLD related. Furthermore, the contributions of viral hepatitis and ALD to CLD mortality may be underestimated if based solely on death records. C1 [Manos, M. Michele; Leyden, Wendy A.; Murphy, Rosemary C.] Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Terrault, Norah A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manos, MM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Div Res, 2000 Broadwy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM michele.manos@kp.org NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1157 DI 10.1002/hep.22181 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 283LG UT WOS:000254637100007 PM 18264998 ER PT J AU Akpinar-Elci, M Siegel, PD Cox-Ganser, JM Stemple, KJ White, SK Hilsbos, K Weissman, DN AF Akpinar-Elci, M. Siegel, P. D. Cox-Ganser, J. M. Stemple, K. J. White, S. K. Hilsbos, K. Weissman, D. N. TI Respiratory inflammatory responses among occupants of a water-damaged office building SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE building-related symptoms; exhaled breath condensate; indoor air quality; interleukin-8; exhaled nitric oxide ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; BREATH CONDENSATE; NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT; HOME DAMPNESS; MOLDY HOUSES; CHILDREN; WORKERS; HEALTH; MACROPHAGES; COLLECTION AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for evaluation of a water-damaged office building which housed approximately 1300 employees. Workers reported respiratory conditions that they perceived to be building related. We hypothesized that these symptoms were associated with airways inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed airways inflammation in employees using exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). In September 2001, a health questionnaire was offered to all employees. Based on this questionnaire, NIOSH invited 356 symptomatic and asymptomatic employees to participate in a medical survey. In June 2002, these employees were offered questionnaire, spirometry, methacholine challenge test, allergen skin prick testing, EBC and FENO. FENO or EBC were completed by 239 participants. As smoking is highly related to the measurements that we used in this study, we included only the 207 current non-smokers in the analyses. EBC interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, but not nitrite, were significantly higher among workers with respiratory symptoms and in the physician-diagnosed asthmatic group. Of the analyses assessed, EBC IL-8 showed the most significant relationship with a number of symptoms and physician-diagnosed asthma. C1 [Akpinar-Elci, M.; Cox-Ganser, J. M.; Stemple, K. J.; White, S. K.; Hilsbos, K.; Weissman, D. N.] CDC, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. [Akpinar-Elci, M.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Div Community Hlth & Prevent Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Siegel, P. D.] CDC, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Akpinar-Elci, M (reprint author), 2505 Surrey Lane, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM makpinarelci@gmail.com NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00514.x PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 272VF UT WOS:000253888000007 PM 18333992 ER PT J AU Othoro, C Moore, JM Wannemuehler, KA Moses, S Lal, A Otieno, J Nahlen, B Slutsker, L Shi, YP AF Othoro, Caroline Moore, Julie M. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Moses, Sichangi Lal, Altaf Otieno, Juliana Nahlen, Bernard Slutsker, Laurence Shi, Ya Ping TI Elevated gamma interferon-producing NK cells, CD45RO memory-like T cells, and CD4 T cells are associated with protection against malaria infection in pregnancy SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACENTAL MALARIA; PARASITE GROWTH; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; IMMUNITY; BLOOD; RESPONSES; ERYTHROCYTES AB Previous studies have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in the placenta is associated with protection against placental malaria. However, it remains unknown which IFN-gamma-producing cell subpopulations are involved in this protection and whether the cellular immune components of protection are the same in the peripheral and the placental blood compartments. We investigated cell subpopulations for CD4, CD8, and CD45RO memory-like T cells and CD56(+)/CD3(-) natural killer (NK) cells and for IFN-gamma production by these cells in maternal peripheral and placental intervillous blood in relation to the status of malaria infection in pregnancy. Of 52 human immunodeficiency virus-negative enrolled pregnant women residing in Western Kenya, 20 had placental parasitemia. We found that the percentages of CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells were significantly higher in the periphery than in the placenta, while the CD56/CD3(-) NK-cell percentage was higher in the placenta than in the periphery, suggesting differences in immune cell profiles between the two blood compartments. Furthermore, the percentages of peripheral CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells were significantly elevated in aparasitemic women compared to levels in the parasitemic group, with aparasitemic multigravid women having the highest percentages of CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells. In contrast, at the placental level, IFN-gamma production by innate NK cells was significantly increased in aparasitemic women compared to parasitemic women, regardless of gravidity. These results suggest that the elevated IFN-gamma-producing NK cells in the placenta and CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells in peripheral blood may be involved in protection against malaria infection in pregnancy. C1 [Othoro, Caroline; Moses, Sichangi; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Otieno, Juliana] New Nyanza Provincial Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. [Nahlen, Bernard] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiative, Washington, DC USA. [Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Nahlen, Bernard; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), CDC, CCID, NCZVED, Div Parasit Dis,Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Bldg 20,Rm 4,F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM Yshi@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD046860] NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1678 EP 1685 DI 10.1128/IAI.01420-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 284SI UT WOS:000254725700036 PM 18250175 ER PT J AU Lessa, F Tak, S DeVader, SR Goswami, R Anderson, M Williams, I Gensheimer, KF Srinivasan, A AF Lessa, Fernanda Tak, Sangwoo DeVader, Shannon R. Goswami, Rekha Anderson, Mary Williams, Ian Gensheimer, Kathleen F. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Risk of infections associated with improperly reprocessed transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy equipment SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTION; PREVALENCE; FAILURE; HEALTH; VIRUS AB OBJECTIVE. A hospital discovered a lapse in the reprocessing procedures for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy equipment. An investigation was initiated to assess the risks of transmission of hepatitis B virus ( HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and bacteria during prostate biopsies. METHODS. We offered testing for HBV, HCV, and HIV infection to patients who had undergone prostate biopsies from January 30, 2003, through January 27, 2006. We reviewed their medical records and obtained information on the reprocessing procedures that were in use at the time for the prostate biopsy equipment. SETTING. A healthcare facility in Maine. RESULTS. Of the 528 patients exposed to improperly reprocessed prostate biopsy equipment, none tested positive for HIV or HCV. Sixteen patients (3%) tested positive for past HBV infection but had no prebiopsy HBV serologic test results available (ie, transmission from improperly reprocessed biopsy equipment was possible), and 11 (2%) had evidence of postbiopsy bacterial infections. The number of cases of HBV and bacterial infections were within reported ranges for this population and were not clustered in time. Review of the reprocessing procedures in use at the time revealed that the manufacturer-recommended brushes for cleaning the reusable biopsy needle guide were never used. Brushes did not come with the equipment and had to be ordered separately. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the lack of evidence of pathogen transmission in this investigation, it is critical to review the manufacturer's reprocessing recommendations and to establish appropriate procedures to avert potential pathogen transmission and subsequent patient concerns. This investigation provides a better understanding of the risks associated with improperly reprocessed transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy equipment and serves as a methodologic tool for future investigations. C1 [Lessa, Fernanda; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lessa, Fernanda; Tak, Sangwoo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Ian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [DeVader, Shannon R.] CDC, Council State Territorial Epidemiol Appl Epidemio, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [DeVader, Shannon R.; Gensheimer, Kathleen F.] Maine Dept Human Serv, Augusta, GA USA. [Goswami, Rekha; Anderson, Mary] Togus Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. RP Lessa, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM flessa@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1086/533546 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 271VP UT WOS:000253817100001 PM 18462138 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Lederman, E Balaji, A Trevino, I Petersen, EE Shoulson, R Saiman, L Horn, EM Gomberg-Maitland, M Barst, RJ Srinivasan, A AF Kallen, Alexander J. Lederman, Edith Balaji, Alexandra Trevino, Ingrid Petersen, Emily E. Shoulson, Rivka Saiman, Lisa Horn, Evelyn M. Gomberg-Maitland, Mardi Barst, Robyn J. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Bloodstream infections in patients given treatment with intravenous prostanoids SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION; SUBCUTANEOUS TREPROSTINIL; EPOPROSTENOL; PROSTACYCLIN; THERAPY; TRANSITION; INFUSION; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY; ANALOG AB OBJECTIVE. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was notified of cases of gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI) occurring among outpatients who received an intravenous formulation of the prostanoid treprostinil. An investigation was conducted to determine rates of prostanoid-associated BSI in this patient population and possible risk factors for infection. METHODS. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who had received intravenous formulations of at least 1 of the 2 approved prostanoids (epoprostenol and treprostinil) from January 1, 2004, through late 2006. Chart reviews were conducted at 2 large centers for pulmonary arterial hypertension, and a survey of infection control practices was conducted at 1 center. RESULTS. A total of 224 patients were given intravenous prostanoid treatment, corresponding to 146,093 treatment-days during the study period. Overall, there were 0.55 cases of BSI and 0.18 cases of BSI due to gram-negative organisms per 1,000 treatment-days. BSI rates were higher for patients who received intravenous treprostinil than for patients who received intravenous epoprostenol (1.13 vs. 0.42 BSIs per 1,000 treatment-days;), as were rates of BSI due to gram-negative organisms (0.81 vs. 0.04 BSIs per 1,000 treatment-days; P <.001). Adjusted hazard ratios for all BSIs and for BSIs due to gram-negative organisms were higher among patients given treatment P <.001 with intravenous treprostinil. The survey identified no significant differences in medication-related infection control practices. CONCLUSION. At 2 centers, BSI due to gram-negative pathogens was more common than previously reported and was more frequent among patients given treatment with intravenous treprostinil than among patients given treatment with intravenous epoprostenol. Whether similar results would be found at other centers for pulmonary arterial hypertension warrants further investigation. This investigation underscores the importance of surveillance and evaluation of healthcare-related adverse events in patients given treatment primarily as outpatients. C1 [Kallen, Alexander J.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kallen, Alexander J.; Lederman, Edith; Balaji, Alexandra; Trevino, Ingrid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shoulson, Rivka] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Elect Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saiman, Lisa] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Barst, Robyn J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Div Pediat Cardiol, New York, NY USA. [Saiman, Lisa] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. [Horn, Evelyn M.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Saiman, Lisa] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Gomberg-Maitland, Mardi] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Cardiol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKallen@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1086/529552 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 271VP UT WOS:000253817100010 PM 18462147 ER PT J AU Cooper, MP Lessa, F Brems, B Shoulson, R York, S Peterson, A Noble-Wang, J Duffy, R McDonald, LC AF Cooper, Michael P. Lessa, Fernanda Brems, Bob Shoulson, Rivka York, Steve Peterson, Alicia Noble-Wang, Judith Duffy, Rosemary McDonald, L. Clifford TI Outbreak of Enterococcus gallinarum infections after total knee arthroplasty SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT AB In September 2006, we investigated a cluster of 9 patients who developed Enterococcus gallinarum infection after total knee arthroplasty. Isolates recovered from these patients were from the same outbreak strain. Although all 9 patients were monitored by the same healthcare personnel, were given spinal anesthesia, and had the same specific type of wound irrigation procedure performed during their hospitalization, the source or sources of these infections were not identified. C1 [Cooper, Michael P.; York, Steve; Duffy, Rosemary] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Brems, Bob] Zanesville Muskingum Cty Hlth Dept, Zanesville, OH USA. [Cooper, Michael P.; Lessa, Fernanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lessa, Fernanda; Shoulson, Rivka; Peterson, Alicia; Noble-Wang, Judith; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cooper, MP (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, 8th Floor, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM fgi7@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1086/529213 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 271VP UT WOS:000253817100013 PM 18462149 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. TI Factors affecting the evaluation of biomonitoring data for human exposure assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2007 CL Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Copenhagen Univ Hosp DE amniotic fluid; meconium; stability ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISO-NONYLPHTHALATE DINP; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; BIOMARKERS; DEHP; POPULATION; MONOESTERS AB Measuring trace levels of multiple environmental chemicals in biological tissues (i.e., biomonitoring) with a high degree of accuracy and precision is possible thanks to sophisticated analytical chemistry techniques and highly trained laboratory personnel. Selection and validation of biomarkers of exposure are critical. We present examples of the use of biomonitoring in exposure assessment for non-persistent chemicals using phthalates as model compounds. We also discuss several factors relevant to interpreting and understanding biomonitoring data, including the impact of metabolism of the chemicals and matrix composition in the selection of biomarkers of exposure, as well as temporal stability considerations that may affect the biomarkers' concentrations. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00826.x PG 5 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 270GW UT WOS:000253710200014 PM 17971164 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Haratani, T Ikeda, T Hojou, M Fujioka, Y Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Haratani, Takashi Ikeda, Tomoko Hojou, Minoru Fujioka, Yosei Araki, Shunichi TI Association of active and passive smoking with sleep disturbances and short sleep duration among Japanese working population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE active smoking; passive smoking; sleep disturbance; short sleep duration; Japan ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GENERAL-POPULATION; SHIFT WORKERS; POOR SLEEP; EXPOSURE; INSOMNIA; HEALTH; RISK; ARCHITECTURE AB Background: The relationship between passive smoking and sleep is uncertain. Purpose: To examine the association of passive/active smoking with sleep disturbances. Method: 732 women and 1,896 men, working in a suburb of Tokyo, were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Information on smoking, passive smoking exposure, and sleep was elicited. Exposure levels to passive smoking were assessed separately at work and at home as no, occasional, or regular exposure. Risk of sleep disturbances according to smoking status was estimated using logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of association. Results: Compared to never smokers, odds of difficulty awakening in the morning (DAM) in current smokers were significantly higher,for women (OR 1.95) and men (OR 1.50), while increased difficulty initiating sleep (OR 1.88) and decreased early morning awakening (OR 0.31) were found only in women. Never smoking men occasionally exposed to passive smoking at work but not at home had increased odds (OR 1.81) of short sleep duration (SSD, < 6 h) than unexposed counterparts. Conclusions: The analyses suggest that exposure to passive smoking at work is associated with SSD in men, while current smoking relates to various subtypes of sleep disturbances in both sexes. C1 [Nakata, Akinori; Takahashi, Masaya; Haratani, Takashi; Araki, Shunichi] NIOSH, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Nakata, Akinori] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ikeda, Tomoko] Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hojou, Minoru] Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Fujioka, Yosei] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cji5@cdc.gov RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1070-5503 J9 INT J BEHAV MED JI Int. J. Behav. Med. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1080/10705500801929577 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 319WY UT WOS:000257196900002 PM 18569126 ER PT J AU Ma, J Otten, M Kamadjeu, R Mir, R Rosencrans, L McLaughlin, S Yoon, S AF Ma, J. Otten, M. Kamadjeu, R. Mir, R. Rosencrans, L. McLaughlin, S. Yoon, S. TI New frontiers for health information systems using Epi Info in developing countries: Structured application framework for Epi Info (SAFE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE health information systems; informatics; management information systems; management ID NOTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: For more than two decades, Epi Info software has been used to meet the data management, analysis, and mapping needs of public health professionals in more than 181 countries and 13 languages. Until now, most Epi Info systems have been relatively simple, mainly because of a lack of detailed and structured guidance for developing complex systems. Objective and results: We created the structured application framework for Epi Info (SAFE), which is a set of guidelines that allows developers to create both simple and complex information systems using accepted good programming practices. This has resulted in application code blocks that are re-useable and easy to maintain, modify, and enhance. The flexibility of SAFE allows various aggregate and case-based application modules to be rapidly created, combined, and updated to create health information systems or subsystems enabling continuous, incremental enhancement as national and local capacity increases. Conclusions: SAFE and Epi Info are both cost-free and have low system requirements-characteristics that render this framework and software beneficial for developing countries. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, J.; Otten, M.; Kamadjeu, R.; Mir, R.; Rosencrans, L.; McLaughlin, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Data Management Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yoon, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV TB & STD Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Otten, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Data Management Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM motten@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 EI 1872-8243 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.02.001 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 298HI UT WOS:000255676600001 PM 17369080 ER PT J AU Pinheiro, GA Antao, VC Wood, JM Wassell, JT AF Pinheiro, Germania A. Antao, Vinicius C. Wood, John M. Wassell, James T. TI Occupational risks for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mortality in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; mortality data; industrial hazards ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS; ALVEOLITIS; EXPOSURE; INFECTION; ETIOLOGY; METAL; DUST AB Metal and wood dust exposures have been identified as possible occupational risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We analyzed mortality data using ICD-10 code J84.1-"Other interstitial pulmonary diseases with fibrosis," derived age-adjusted mortality rates for 1999-2003, and assessed occupational risks for 1999, by calculating proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and mortality odds ratios (MORs) using a matched case-control approach. We identified 84,010 IPF deaths, with an age-adjusted mortality rate of 75.7 deaths/million. Mortality rates were highest among males, whites, and those aged 85 and older. Three industry categories with potential occupational exposures recognized as risk factors for IPF were identified: "Wood buildings and mobile homes" (PMR = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6 and MOR = 5.3, 95% CI 1.2-23.8), "Metal mining" (PMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.0 and MOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4), and "Fabricated structural metal products" (PMR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.1 and MOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Workers in these industry categories may benefit from toxicological studies and improved surveillance for this disease. C1 [Pinheiro, Germania A.; Antao, Vinicius C.; Wood, John M.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Wassell, James T.] NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Pinheiro, GA (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM germania.pinheiro@yahoo.com RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 301HM UT WOS:000255887000007 PM 18507288 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Anh, MH Thuy, TT Thom, BSD Linh, T Nghia, DT Sy, DN Duong, BD Chau, LTM Wells, C Laserson, K Varma, JK AF Shah, N. S. Anh, M. H. Thuy, T. T. Thom, B. S. Duong Linh, T. Nghia, D. T. Sy, D. N. Duong, B. D. Chau, L. T. M. Wells, C. Laserson, K. Varma, J. K. TI Population-based chest X-ray screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS, An Giang, Vietnam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV infection; diagnosis; screening; chest radiography ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; CHI-MINH CITY; SPUTUM SMEARS; HIGH-RATES; RADIOGRAPHS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SUSPECTS AB SETTING: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) program, An Giang Province, Vietnam. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coverage and yield of a chest radiography (CXR) screening program for tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), risk factors for a TB CXR, inter-rater reliability of CXR readings and direct costs. DESIGN: Retrospective review of routine public health program records and CXRs. RESULTS: An increasing proportion of PLHAs received a screening CXR each year of the program (range 21 in 2001 to 61% in 2004, P < 0.001). Of 876 screening CXRs performed, 191 (22%) were classified as suspicious for active TB ('TB CXR'). Compared to PLHAs with a CXR not suspicious for active TB, PLHAs with a TB CXR SUMMARY were more likely to be aged between 24 and 64 years, male and previously treated for TB (P < 0.01 for each comparison). Agreement between the expert and local program CXR readings was 81% (kappa 0.50). Direct costs were approximately US$40 per TB suspect identified. Among TB suspects, <10% were followed up with sputum smear examination and enrolled for treatment. CONCLUSION: In An Giang Province, a large proportion of PLHAs are screened for TB annually, and one in five persons screened is classified as a TB suspect based on CXR. Annual CXRs may be a high-yield, inexpensive method for TB screening in PLHAs, but the follow-up of TB suspects to confirm diagnosis and initiate treatment is crucial. C1 [Shah, N. S.; Wells, C.; Laserson, K.; Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anh, M. H.; Thom, B. S. Duong; Linh, T.] An Giang Prov Prevent Med Ctr, Long Xuyen City, Thailand. [Thuy, T. T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Nghia, D. T.; Sy, D. N.; Duong, B. D.] Natl Hosp TB & Lung Dis, Minist Hlth, Vietnam Natl TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Chau, L. T. M.] Minist Hlth, LIFE GAP Off, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shah, NS (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Gen Internal Med, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM sshah@montefiore.org NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 277BA UT WOS:000254186200011 PM 18371266 ER PT J AU Frana, TS Clough, NE Gatewood, DM Rupprecht, CE AF Frana, Timothy S. Clough, Nancy E. Gatewood, Donna M. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Postmarketing surveillance of rabies vaccines for dogs to evaluate safety and efficacy SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CANINE VACCINATION; FELINE; CAT C1 [Frana, Timothy S.; Gatewood, Donna M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Clough, Nancy E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frana, TS (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 7 BP 1000 EP 1002 DI 10.2460/javma.232.7.1000 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 280HC UT WOS:000254415500020 PM 18380615 ER PT J AU Weintraub, JM Flannery, B Vugia, DJ Gelling, LB Salerno, JJ Conroy, MJ Stevens, VA Rose, CE Besser, RE Fields, BS Moore, MR AF Weintraub, June M. Flannery, Brendan Vugia, Duc J. Gelling, Lisa B. Salerno, James J. Conroy, Michael J. Stevens, Valerie A. Rose, Charles E. Besser, Richard E. Fields, Barry S. Moore, Matthew R. TI Legionella reduction after conversion to monochloramine for residual disinfection SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; MUNICIPAL DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; PNEUMOPHILA; RISK; HOSPITALS; SYSTEMS; COPPER; COLONIZATION; INACTIVATION C1 [Weintraub, June M.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sect, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Flannery, Brendan; Stevens, Valerie A.; Rose, Charles E.; Besser, Richard E.; Fields, Barry S.; Moore, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vugia, Duc J.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. [Gelling, Lisa B.] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] San Francisco Calif Publ Util Commiss, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Weintraub, JM (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sect, 1390 Market St,Ste 910, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM june.weintraub@sfdpb.org NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 129 EP + PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 292FR UT WOS:000255252400017 ER PT J AU Massetti, GM Lahey, BB Pelham, WE Loney, J Ehrhardt, A Lee, SS Kipp, H AF Massetti, Greta M. Lahey, Benjamin B. Pelham, William E. Loney, Jan Ehrhardt, Ashley Lee, Steve S. Kipp, Heidi TI Academic achievement over 8 years among children who met modified criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at 4-6 years of age SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; academic achievement; learning disabilities; anxiety; depression; longitudinal outcomes ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SCHOOL; PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; ADHD; UNDERACHIEVEMENT; DISABILITIES; METAANALYSIS AB The predictive validity of symptom criteria for different subtypes of ADHD among children who were impaired in at least one setting in early childhood was examined. Academic achievement was assessed seven times over 8 years in 125 children who met symptom criteria for ADHD at 4-6 years of age and in 130 demographically-matched non-referred comparison children. When intelligence and other confounds were controlled, children who met modified criteria for the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD in wave 1 had lower reading, spelling, and mathematics scores over time than both comparison children and children who met modified criteria for the other subtypes of ADHD. In some analyses, children who met modified criteria for the combined type had somewhat lower mathematics scores than comparison children. The robust academic deficits relative to intelligence in the inattentive group in this age range suggest either that inattention results in academic underachievement or that some children in the inattentive group have learning disabilities that cause secondary symptoms of inattention. Unexpectedly, wave 1 internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms independently predicted deficits in academic achievement controlling ADHD, intelligence, and other predictors. C1 [Massetti, Greta M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Massetti, Greta M.; Pelham, William E.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Massetti, Greta M.; Pelham, William E.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pediat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lahey, Benjamin B.; Ehrhardt, Ashley; Lee, Steve S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Loney, Jan] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kipp, Heidi] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Massetti, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gmassetti@cdc.gov OI Massetti, Greta/0000-0002-3813-9839 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH053554-10, R01 MH053554, R01 MH053554-05, R01 MH053554-06, R01 MH053554-07, R01 MH053554-08, R01 MH053554-09, R01 MH053554-11A1, R01 MH053554-12, R01 MH053554-13, R01 MH053554-14] NR 34 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s10802-007-9186-4 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 275RN UT WOS:000254089400009 PM 17940863 ER PT J AU Love, DC Vinje, J Khalil, SM Murphy, J Lovelace, GL Sobsey, MD AF Love, D. C. Vinje, J. Khalil, S. M. Murphy, J. Lovelace, G. L. Sobsey, M. D. TI Evaluation of RT-PCR and reverse line blot hybridization for detection and genotyping F+ RNA coliphages from estuarine waters and molluscan shellfish SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coliphage; faecal indicator; microbial source tracking; reverse line blot hybridization; shellfish ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID COLIPHAGES; FECAL CONTAMINATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ENTERIC VIRUSES; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; FRESH-WATER; BACTERIOPHAGES AB Aims: To evaluate a PCR-based detection and typing method for faecal indicator viruses (F+ RNA coliphages) in water and shellfish, and apply the method for better understanding of the ecology and microbial source tracking potential of these viruses. Methods and Results: Water and shellfish samples were collected over 3 years at nine estuaries in the East, West and Gulf Coasts of the USA, providing 1033 F+ RNA coliphage isolates. F+ RNA coliphage genotyping rates by reverse transcriptase-PCR - reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization ranged from 94.7% to 100% among estuaries, and were not significantly different in oysters, clams, mussels or water (P = 0.8427). Twenty samples negative by RLB were nucleotide sequenced for confirmation, and to refine RLB probes. More F+ RNA coliphages were genotyped from colder water than warmer waters, while the water salinity did not affect F+ RNA coliphage levels. Conclusions: RT-PCR-RLB was a robust method for detecting and genotyping F+ RNA coliphages from diverse coastal areas, which provided new information on the ecology of F+ RNA coliphages. Significance and Impact of the Study: This performance-validated F+ RNA coliphage method can be used for faecal indicator monitoring and microbial source tracking, to protect recreational bathers and shellfish consumers from exposure to pathogenic virus and their disease risks. C1 [Love, D. C.; Vinje, J.; Khalil, S. M.; Murphy, J.; Lovelace, G. L.; Sobsey, M. D.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vinje, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khalil, S. M.] N Carolina Reg Response Lab Pitt Cty, Bioterrorism & Emerging Pathogens Unit, Greenville, NC USA. RP Love, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dlove@email.unc.edu OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1212 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03646.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 274DT UT WOS:000253982700031 PM 18028362 ER PT J AU Werny, DM Saraiya, M Carrera, J Coughlin, SS Frank, E AF Werny, David M. Saraiya, Mona Carrera, Jennifer Coughlin, Steven S. Frank, Erica TI Learning amid controversy: Prostate cancer knowledge and screening practices among US medical students SO JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; HEALTH-CARE; ATTITUDES; ANTIGEN AB Background. No studies have examined medical students' recommendation and use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal exam (DRE) to screen for prostate cancer. We hypothesized that students' race and extent of training on these techniques would be associated with their administration of them. Methods. We analyzed multiinstitutional longitudinal data from a cohort of 2181 medical students in the class of 2003. We queried students' health behavior, their knowledge of prostate cancer racial disparities, their frequency of performing a PSA test or a DRE on a man 50 years of age or older (senior year only), the perceived relevance of such services to their future practice, and their training on PSA and DRE. We examined predictors of students' administering PSA and DRE tests to patients during the senior year and changes in the predictors over time. Results. Respectively, 27% and 34% of students reported using the PSA and DRE "usualty/always" during their senior year. Black students reported administering the PSA test more often than did students of other races, but race was not a significant predictor of PSA screening after controlling for personal healthy behavior. High perceived relevance to fijture practice and extensive training on PSA were most strongly associated with administration of PSA. Conclusions. The association between healthy personal behavior and PSA administration confounded the association between race and PSA screening. These results may help explain differences in prostate cancer screening among physicians and help medical educators tailor their curricula on prostate cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), K-55,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MSaraiya@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0885-8195 J9 J CANCER EDUC JI J. Cancer Educ. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1080/08858190701860301 PG 6 WC Oncology; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319WT UT WOS:000257196400008 PM 18569246 ER PT J AU Kutty, PK Forster, TS Wood-Koob, C Thayer, N Nelson, RB Berke, SJ Pontacolone, L Beardsley, TL Edelhauser, HF Arduino, MJ Mamalis, N Srinivasan, A AF Kutty, Preeta K. Forster, Terri S. Wood-Koob, Carol Thayer, Nancy Nelson, Robert B. Berke, Stanley J. Pontacolone, Lillian Beardsley, Thomas L. Edelhauser, Henry F. Arduino, Matthew J. Mamalis, Nick Srinivasan, Arjun TI Multistate outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CATARACT-SURGERY; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; EXTRACTION AB PURPOSE: To present the findings of an outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS). SETTING: Six states, 7 ophthalmology surgical centers, United States. METHODS: Cases were identified through electronic communication networks and via reports to a national TASS referral center. Information on the procedure, details of instrument reprocessing, and products used during cataract surgery were also collected. Medications used during the procedures were tested for endotoxin using a kinetic assay. RESULTS: The search identified 112 case patients (median age 74 years) from 7 centers from July 19, 2005, through November 28, 2005. Common presenting clinical features included blurred vision (60%), anterior segment inflammation (49%), and cell deposition (56%). Of the patients, 100 (89%) had been exposed to a single brand of balanced salt solution manufactured by Cytosol Laboratories and distributed by Advanced Medical Optics as AMO Endosol. Two patients continued to have residual symptoms. There were no reports of significant breaches in sterile technique or instrument reprocessing. Of 14 balanced salt solution lots, 5 (35%) had levels exceeding the endotoxin limit (0.5 EU/mL). Based on these findings, the balanced salt solution product was withdrawn, resulting in a termination of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known report of an outbreak of TASS caused by intrinsic contamination of a product with endotoxin. Ophthalmologists and epidemiologists should be aware of TASS and its common causes. To facilitate investigations of adverse outcomes such as TASS, those performing cataract surgeries should document the type and lot numbers of products used intra-operatively. C1 [Kutty, Preeta K.; Forster, Terri S.; Arduino, Matthew J.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kutty, Preeta K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Off Workforce & Career Dev,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wood-Koob, Carol] Copley Hosp, Morrisville, VT USA. [Thayer, Nancy] Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [Nelson, Robert B.; Berke, Stanley J.; Pontacolone, Lillian] Private Surgictr, New York, NY USA. [Edelhauser, Henry F.] Emory Univ, Ctr Eye, Ophthalm Res Sect, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mamalis, Nick] Univ Utah, Moran Eye Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Kutty, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pkutty@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.11.037 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 283TW UT WOS:000254660400017 PM 18361979 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Ray, P Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Kalra, V Bhan, MK AF Sharma, S. Ray, P. Gentsch, J. R. Glass, R. I. Kalra, V. Bhan, M. K. TI Emergence of G12 rotavirus strains in Delhi, India, in 2000 to 2007 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; SOUTH-INDIA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; P-TYPE; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE; VACCINE AB The prospect that rotavirus diarrhea in children may soon be prevented by vaccines has placed a new priority on understanding the diversity of rotavirus strains and the mechanism by which these strains evolve over time. We have characterized a total of 465 rotavirus strains collected in North India from 2000 to 2007 for G and P types by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing. The novel G12 rotavirus strains recently detected in other countries were first detected in India in 2001 and have emerged as the predominant strains in Delhi, India, during 2005 to 2007. While the VP7 sequence was highly homologous among G12 strains isolated in Delhi, suggesting recent emergence from a common ancestor, the strains had a diverse constellation of other gene segments, demonstrating substantial reassortment. For the entire period, the common rotavirus G types G1 (26%), G2 (25%), and G9 (14%) comprised 65% of the strains, and common P types, P[4] (19%), P[6] (22%), and P[8] (35%), comprised 76% of the total P types. Of note, we detected a high percentage of unusual (17%) strains and fecal specimens with mixed (12% G and 15% P) rotavirus infections having a variety of genomic constellations. For the first time, we identified two novel rotavirus strains with unusual G/P combinations, G2P[11] and G3P[11], in patients with diarrhea. The study highlights the great diversity among rotaviruses isolated from Indian children, the opportunity for genetic reassortment between strains, and the emergence of a novel G12 strain in our country. Due to the demonstrated effect of antigenic diversity on rotavirus vaccines, it will be important to continue careful monitoring of these strains as rotavirus vaccine programs are implemented in India. C1 [Sharma, S.; Ray, P.; Kalra, V.; Bhan, M. K.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India. [Gentsch, J. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Glass, R. I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India. EM pratimaray@gmail.com OI Ray, Pratima/0000-0002-2182-2279 NR 56 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1343 EP 1348 DI 10.1128/JCM.02358-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 286SN UT WOS:000254866400028 PM 18272705 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Niezgoda, M Franka, R Agwanda, B Markotter, W Beagley, JC Urazova, OY Breiman, RF Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, Ivan V. Niezgoda, Michael Franka, Richard Agwanda, Bernard Markotter, Wanda Beagley, Janet C. Urazova, Olga Y. Breiman, Robert F. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Lagos bat virus in Kenya SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; RABIES-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; LYSSAVIRUSES ARAVAN; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; NEW-MEXICO; SEQUENCE; NUCLEOPROTEIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB During lyssavirus surveillance, 1,221 bats of at least 30 species were collected from 25 locations in Kenya. One isolate of Lagos bat virus (LBV) was obtained from a dead Eidolon helvum fruit bat. The virus was most similar phylogenetically to LBV isolates from Senegal (1985) and from France (imported from Togo or Egypt; 1999), sharing with these viruses 100% nucleoprotein identity and 99.8 to 100% glycoprotein identity. This genome conservancy across space and time suggests that LBV is well adapted to its natural host species and that populations of reservoir hosts in eastern and western Africa have sufficient interactions to share pathogens. High virus concentrations, in addition to being detected in the brain, were detected in the salivary glands and tongue and in an oral swab, suggesting that LBV is transmitted in the saliva. In other extraneural organs, the virus was generally associated with innervations and ganglia. The presence of infectious virus in the reproductive tract and in a vaginal swab implies an alternative opportunity for transmission. The isolate was pathogenic for laboratory mice by the intracerebral and intramuscular routes. Serologic screening demonstrated the presence of LBV-neutralizing antibodies in E. helvum and Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. In different colonies the seroprevalence ranged from 40 to 67% and 29 to 46% for E. helvum and R. aegyptiacus, respectively. Nested reverse transcription-PCR did not reveal the presence of viral RNA in oral swabs of bats in the absence of brain infection. Several large bat roosts were identified in areas of dense human populations, raising public health concerns for the potential of lyssavirus infection. C1 [Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Niezgoda, Michael; Franka, Richard; Urazova, Olga Y.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Agwanda, Bernard] Natl Museums Kenya, Mammal Sect, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Markotter, Wanda] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Beagley, Janet C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 17,MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ikuzmin@cdc.gov RI Markotter, Wanda/A-2129-2010; OI Markotter, Wanda/0000-0002-7550-0080 NR 65 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1461 DI 10.1128/JCM.00016-08 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 286SN UT WOS:000254866400042 PM 18305130 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Sammons, SA Wohhueter, RM AF Sulaiman, Irshad M. Sammons, Scott A. Wohhueter, Robert M. TI Smallpox virus resequencing GeneChips can also rapidly ascertain species status for some zoonotic non-variola orthopoxviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; GENOME AB We recently developed a set of seven resequencing GeneChips for the rapid sequencing of Variola virus strains in the WHO Repository of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this study, we attempted to hybridize these GeneChips with some known non-Variola orthopoxvirus isolates, including monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses, for rapid detection. C1 [Sulaiman, Irshad M.; Sammons, Scott A.; Wohhueter, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources,Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect &, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sulaiman, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources,Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect &, Mailstop G-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ISulaiman@edc.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1509 DI 10.1128/JCM.00158-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 286SN UT WOS:000254866400055 PM 18272713 ER PT J AU Bergen, G Frattaroli, S Ballesteros, MF Ta, VM Beach, C Gielen, AC AF Bergen, Gwendolyn Frattaroli, Shannon Ballesteros, Michael F. Ta, Van M. Beach, Crystal Gielen, Andrea C. TI The implementation and utility of fire incident reporting systems: The delaware experience SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE fire prevention; surveillance; injury; data quality ID RESIDENTIAL FIRES; UNITED-STATES; DEATHS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INJURIES; CHILDREN AB Fires and burns are the fifth most common cause of unintentional injury deaths in the United States. To address fires and fire deaths, the National Fire Data Center (NFDC) established the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) as a surveillance system for fires. Delaware implemented NFIRS as the Delaware Fire Incident Reporting System (DFIRS), and is currently capturing all fires reported in the system. The objectives of this study are to: 1) understand the implementation of DFIRS; 2) analyze data from DFIRS to describe fire incidents; and 3) inform other states' fire surveillance efforts. We interviewed Delaware State Fire Marshal's Office personnel to understand the implementation of DFIRS and analyzed DFIRS data from May 2003 to December 2004 to examine data completeness, and characteristics of fires, smoke alarms, and fire injuries and deaths. DFIRS captures 100% of Delaware fires reported to fire departments. Data completeness for the fields examined ranged from 33% to 100%. Fires in which smoke alarms alerted occupants were significantly less likely to result in injury or death than fires in which smoke alarms did not. DFIRS has the potential to serve as a valuable fire prevention and fire analysis tool. For DFIRS to reach its full potential as a surveillance system, increased attention to data completeness is necessary. C1 [Bergen, Gwendolyn] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Frattaroli, Shannon; Gielen, Andrea C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ballesteros, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ta, Van M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beach, Crystal] Delaware State Fire Marshals Off, Dover, DE 19904 USA. RP Bergen, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM Gjb8@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [R49CCR302486] NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10900-007-9070-8 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 259DW UT WOS:000252920300007 PM 18074209 ER PT J AU Miller, MD AF Miller, Mark D. TI Emergency preparedness and response training for environmental health practitioners SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zdq8@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284DC UT WOS:000254684600010 PM 18468226 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Denny, CH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ AF Hayes, Donald K. Denny, Clark H. Keenan, Nora L. Croft, Janet B. Greenlund, Kurt J. TI Health-related quality of life and hypertension status, awareness, treatment, and control: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004 SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE awareness; control; hypertension; quality of life; treatment ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; MENTAL DISTRESS STATUS; UNITED-STATES; SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; 7TH REPORT; YOUNG MEN; PREVENTION; ADULTS; PREVALENCE AB Objective We examined health-related quality of life measures by hypertension status, awareness, treatment, and control. Methods Five unfavorable health-related quality of life measures were analyzed among 8303 adults aged 20 years or older who participated in the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined differences in health-related quality of life with adjustment for age, race, sex, healthcare coverage, and other medical conditions. Results The 30% of respondents with hypertension were more likely to report fair or poor health status ( adjusted odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.05), 14 or more unhealthy days in the past 30 days (1.23, 1.06-1.43), 14 or more physically unhealthy days (1.39, 1.15-1.67), and 14 or more activity-limited days (1.55, 1.17-2.04) than those without hypertension. Among adults with hypertension, the 73.2% who were aware of their condition were more likely to report fair or poor health status (2.19, 1.54-3.12), 14 or more unhealthy days (1.53, 1.12-2.09), 14 or more physically unhealthy days (1.49, 1.10-2.03), 14 or more mentally unhealthy days (1.70, 1.05-2.75), and 14 or more activity-limited days (2.38, 1.39-4.05) than those who were unaware. Among those aware they had hypertension, 14 or more physically unhealthy days (0.50, 0.28-0.90) was associated with current treatment. Health-related quality of life measures did not differ by blood pressure control status. Conclusions Having hypertension and being aware of it was related to lower health-related quality of life. Antihypertensive medication was associated with more physically unhealthy days, while there were no differences in health-related quality of life by control status. Further study is needed to examine these differences including: disease severity, sex and racial/ethnic differences, comorbidities not examined, and impact of health-related quality of life and its changes on outcomes. C1 [Hayes, Donald K.; Denny, Clark H.; Keenan, Nora L.; Croft, Janet B.; Greenlund, Kurt J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Storke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hayes, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Storke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bknO@CDC.GOV NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD APR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 287PV UT WOS:000254929900007 PM 18327071 ER PT J AU Joseph, HA Waldman, K Rawls, C Wilce, M Shrestha-Kuwahara, R AF Joseph, Heather A. Waldman, K. Rawls, C. Wilce, M. Shrestha-Kuwahara, R. TI TB Perspectives among a Sample of Mexicans in the United States: Results from an Ethnographic Study SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Cultural competency; Ethnography; Mexican; Latent tuberculosis infection AB Objective A study was conducted to describe the sociocultural aspects of tuberculosis (TB) among Mexicans in the U.S. and to provide TB programs with practical recommendations for serving this population. Methods In-depth, structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 50 persons from Mexico living in the U.S. Local bilingual, bicultural researchers conducted the interviews with respondents recruited from TB clinics and surrounding communities. Both qualitative and quantitative strategies were used to analyze the data. Results We found diverse TB perceptions and attitudes, but few were associated with specific participant characteristics. We detected widespread misperceptions about TB transmission and low perceptions of risk. Anticipated TB stigma among those with no history of disease was qualitatively greater than reported stigma among those who had TB disease. We also detected missed opportunities for TB education. Reported barriers to care included lack of transportation, limited clinic hours, cost of services, inconvenient clinic location, and communication problems with staff. Conclusions To address the diverse needs of Mexican-born clients, we recommend that TB programs provide culturally-appropriate, patient-centered care. We suggest several strategies aimed at raising risk awareness and reducing stigma. Finally, we encourage programs to facilitate access by providing language-appropriate services, extending clinic hours, and facilitating transportation. C1 [Joseph, Heather A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Waldman, K.] Clinton Fdn HIV AIDS Initiat, Consortium Strateg HIV AIDS Operat Res, Boston, MA USA. [Rawls, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wilce, M.; Shrestha-Kuwahara, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joseph, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbj7@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10903-007-9067-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V13DL UT WOS:000207647400009 PM 17557205 ER PT J AU Rogers, KA Jayashankar, L Scinicariello, F Attanasio, R AF Rogers, Kenneth A. Jayashankar, Lakshmi Scinicariello, Franco Attanasio, Roberta TI Nonhuman primate IgA: Genetic heterogeneity and interactions with CD89 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLD-WORLD MONKEYS; A FC-RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; HINGE REGION; RHESUS MACAQUES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IGHA GENES; ALPHA-RI; VIRUS; DISEASE AB Nonhuman primates are extremely valuable animal models for a variety of human diseases. However, it is now becoming evident that these models, although widely used, are still uncharacterized. The major role that nonhuman primate species play in AIDS research as well as in the testing of Ab-based therapeutics requires the full characterization of structure and function of their Ab molecules. IgA is the Ab class mostly involved in protection at mucosal surfaces. By binding to its specific Fc receptor CD89, IgA plays additional and poorly understood roles in immunity. Therefore, Ig heavy alpha (IGHA) constant (C) genes were cloned and sequenced in four different species (rhesus macaques, pig-tailed macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys). Sequence analysis confirmed the high degree of intraspecies polymorphism present in nonhuman primates. Individual animals were either homozygous or heterozygous for IGHA genes. Highly variable hinge regions were shared by animals of different geographic origins and were present in different combinations in heterozygous animals. Therefore, it appears that although highly heterogeneous, hinge sequences are present only in limited numbers in various nonhuman primate populations. A macaque recombinant IgA molecule was generated and used to assess its interaction with a recombinant macaque CD89. Macaque CD89 was able to bind its native ligand as well as human IgA1 and IgA2. Presence of Ag enhanced macaque IgA binding and blocking of macaque CD89 N-glycosylation reduced CD89 expression. Together, our results suggest that, despite the presence of IgA polymorphism, nonhuman primates appear suitable for studies that involve the IgA/CD89 system. C1 [Rogers, Kenneth A.; Jayashankar, Lakshmi; Attanasio, Roberta] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Scinicariello, Franco] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, DiV Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Attanasio, R (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM rattanasio@gsu.edu NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 7 BP 4816 EP 4824 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 324GT UT WOS:000257506700054 PM 18354205 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Gertz, RE Woodbury, RL Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Schaffner, W Lexau, C Gershman, K Reingold, A Farley, M Harrison, LH Hadler, JL Bennett, NM Thomas, AR Mcgee, L Pilishvili, T Brueggemann, AB Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH Beall, B AF Moore, Matthew R. Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Woodbury, Robyn L. Barkocy-Gallagher, Genevieve A. Schaffner, William Lexau, Catherine Gershman, Kenneth Reingold, Arthur Farley, Monica Harrison, Lee H. Hadler, James L. Bennett, Nancy M. Thomas, Ann R. McGee, Lesley Pilishvili, Tamara Brueggemann, Angela B. Whitney, Cynthia G. Jorgensen, James H. Beall, Bernard TI Population snapshot of emergent streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the United States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Chicago, IL ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; INVASIVE-DISEASE; NONVACCINE SEROTYPES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; CLONE; ERA; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Background. Serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease ( IPD) increased annually in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine ( PCV7). To understand this increase, we characterized serotype 19A isolates recovered during 2005. Methods. IPD cases during 1998-2005 were identified through population-based surveillance. We performed susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing on 528 ( 95%) of 554 serotype 19A isolates reported in 2005. Results. The incidence of IPD due to serotype 19A increased from 0.8 to 2.5 cases per 100,000 population between 1998 and 2005 ( P < .05), whereas the overall incidence of IPD decreased from 24.4 to 13.8 cases per 100,000 population ( P < .05). Simultaneously, the incidence of IPD due to penicillin-resistant 19A isolates increased from 6.7% to 35% ( P < .0001). Of 151 penicillin-resistant 19A isolates, 111 ( 73.5%) belonged to the rapidly emerging clonal complex 320, which is related to multidrug-resistant Taiwan(19F)-14. The remaining penicillin-resistant strains were highly related to other clones of PCV7 serotypes or to isolates within major 19A clonal complex 199 ( CC199). In 1999, only CC199 and 3 minor clones were apparent among serotype 19A isolates. During 2005, 11 multiple-isolate clonal sets were detected, including capsular switch variants of a serotype 4 clone. Conclusions. PCV7 ineffectiveness against serotype 19A, antibiotic resistance, clonal expansion and emergence, and capsular switching have contributed to the genetic diversity of 19A and to its emergence as the predominant invasive pneumococcal serotype in the United States. C1 [Moore, Matthew R.; Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Woodbury, Robyn L.; Barkocy-Gallagher, Genevieve A.; Pilishvili, Tamara; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Beall, Bernard] Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Farley, Monica] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGee, Lesley] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Farley, Monica] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Lexau, Catherine] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gershman, Kenneth] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harrison, Lee H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Monroe Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Thomas, Ann R.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Brueggemann, Angela B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Beall, B (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov OI Brueggemann, Angela/0000-0002-2329-1934 FU PHS HHS [K12] NR 45 TC 321 Z9 329 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 7 BP 1016 EP 1027 DI 10.1086/528996 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 277YB UT WOS:000254249500014 PM 18419539 ER PT J AU Solomon, BS Bradshaw, CP Wright, J Cheng, TL AF Solomon, Barry S. Bradshaw, Catherine P. Wright, Joseph Cheng, Tina L. TI Youth and parental attitudes toward fighting SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE adolescent violence; attitudes toward fighting; parental monitoring ID ADOLESCENTS; AGGRESSION; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; STUDENTS AB Certain parenting behaviors have been linked with youth aggression and violence, but less is known about whether parents' attitudes toward fighting are a risk factor for children's aggressive behavior problems and future injury risk. Social cognitive theory suggests that parents' beliefs about fighting and retaliation may influence their children's attitudes toward fighting and aggression. The authors examined the associations among parental and youth attitudes toward fighting, parent-child relationships, and youth aggressive behavior in adolescents at great risk for future interpersonal violence. Data came from 72 parents and their adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years, 89% African American), who presented to an emergency department for youth's assault-related injuries. Analyses revealed an association between parents' and youth's attitudes toward fighting. Youth's and parents' attitudes were positively correlated with aggressive behavior, fighting, and school suspension. Parents' attitudes predicted youth's aggressive behavior, even after controlling for youth's attitudes. The findings suggest that interventions for high-risk youth should target the fighting-related attitudes of both parents and youth. C1 [Solomon, Barry S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bradshaw, Catherine P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wright, Joseph] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Child Hlth Advocacy Inst, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wright, Joseph] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Child Hlth Advocacy Inst, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cheng, Tina L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cheng, Tina L.] Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Solomon, Barry S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Harriet Lane Clin, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bradshaw, Catherine P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wright, Joseph] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wright, Joseph] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Solomon, BS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU NIMHD NIH HHS [P20 MD00165] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 544 EP 560 DI 10.1177/0886260507312947 PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 273RC UT WOS:000253948400007 PM 18276845 ER PT J AU Zeidner, NS Massung, RF Dolan, MC Dadey, E Gabitzsch, E Dietrich, G Levin, ML AF Zeidner, Nordin S. Massung, Robert F. Dolan, Marc C. Dadey, Eric Gabitzsch, Elizabeth Dietrich, Gabrielle Levin, Michael L. TI A sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; UNITED-STATES; MURINE MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS; BABESIOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB Current prophylaxis for infected tick bites consists of personal protective measures directed towards ticks. This study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of doxycycline with that of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline in a model of Lyme borreliosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. Dosages of doxycycline were equilibrated based on previously determined peak plasma levels in mice [oral, 2.4 mu g (ml plasma)(-1); sustained release, 1.9 mu g (ml plasma)(-1)] determined 8 h after inoculation. In challenge experiments where five Borrelia burgdorferi-infected and five A. phagocytophilum-infected nymphs were used per mouse, only 20 and 30 % of mice were protected from B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum infection, respectively, using oral doxycycline. In contrast, 100 % of mice receiving sustained-release doxycycline were protected from A. phagocytophilum infection, as indicated by real-time PCR of blood samples, quantitative PCR and culture isolation of spleen samples, and protected against B. burgdorferi infection as demonstrated by culture of ear, heart and bladder. Although 15-40 copies of A. phagocytophilum could be amplified from the spleens of mice treated with sustained-release doxycycline, no viable A. phagocytophilum from these spleens could be cultured in HL-60 cells. In contrast, 7/10 mice receiving oral doxycycline were PCR- and culture-positive for A. phagocytophilum, with copy numbers ranging from 800 to 10 000 within the spleen, as determined by quantitative PCR. Other correlates with A. phagocytophilum infection included a significant difference in spleen mass (mean of 110 mg for sustained-release treatment versus a mean of 230 mg for oral treatment) and the number of splenic lymphoid nodules (mean of 8 for sustained-release treatment versus mean of 12.5 for oral doxycycline) as determined by histopathology. These studies indicate that a single injection of a sustained-release formulation antibiotic may offer a viable prophylactic treatment option for multiple infectious agents in patients presenting with tick bites. C1 [Zeidner, Nordin S.; Dolan, Marc C.; Gabitzsch, Elizabeth; Dietrich, Gabrielle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Massung, Robert F.; Levin, Michael L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dadey, Eric] QLT Labs, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Naz2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47535-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291OP UT WOS:000255207000011 PM 18349366 ER PT J AU Lin, SS Pranikoff, T Smith, SF Brandt, ME Gilbert, K Palavecino, EL Shetty, AK AF Lin, Shau-Shau Pranikoff, Thomas Smith, Shani F. Brandt, Mary E. Gilbert, Kemery Palavecino, Elizabeth L. Shetty, Avinash K. TI Central venous catheter infection associated with Pseudozyma aphidis in a child with short gut syndrome SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID USTILAGO-MAYDIS; MODEL AB Pseudozyma aphidis is a heterobasidiomycetous yeast related to the smut fungi in the genus Ustilago. Pseudozyma species are usually isolated from plants and rarely from clinical specimens. We report what is believed to be the first paediatric case of central venous catheter (CVC)-related fungaemia associated with P. aphidis. Prompt removal of the CVC in conjunction with anti-fungal therapy resulted in a successful outcome. C1 [Lin, Shau-Shau; Pranikoff, Thomas] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat Surg, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Smith, Shani F.; Shetty, Avinash K.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gilbert, Kemery; Palavecino, Elizabeth L.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Shetty, AK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat Surg, Winston Salem, NC USA. EM ashetty@wfubmc.edu NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47563-0 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291OP UT WOS:000255207000019 PM 18349374 ER PT J AU Menon, T Lloyd, C Malathy, B Sakota, V Jackson, D Beall, B AF Menon, Thangam Lloyd, Charmaine Malathy, Balararnan Sakota, Varja Jackson, Delois Beall, Bernard TI emm type diversity of beta-haemolytic streptococci recovered in Chennai, India SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYSGALACTIAE SUBSP EQUISIMILIS; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; PYOGENES C1 [Menon, Thangam; Lloyd, Charmaine; Malathy, Balararnan] Univ Madras, Dept Microbiol, Dr AL Mudaliar Post Grad Inst Basic Med Sci, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Sakota, Varja; Jackson, Delois; Beall, Bernard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menon, T (reprint author), Univ Madras, Dept Microbiol, Dr AL Mudaliar Post Grad Inst Basic Med Sci, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. EM thangam56@gmail.com OI Lloyd, Charmaine/0000-0001-8593-7043 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 540 EP 542 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47726-0 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 291OP UT WOS:000255207000026 PM 18349381 ER PT J AU Barrett, SB Bradshaw, CP Lewis-Palmer, T AF Barrett, Susan B. Bradshaw, Cathetine P. Lewis-Palmer, Teri TI Maryland Statewide PBIS Initiative Systems, Evaluation, and Next Steps SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE positive behavior support; dissemination; implementation; fidelity; coaching ID POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT; INTERVENTIONS AB There is growing interest in positive behavior supports among state departments of education and local school systems as an efficient and effective strategy for addressing students' increasing and-intensifying discipline needs. Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is one whole-school prevention strategy that alters the school environment by creating improved systems (e.g.; discipline. reinforcement, and data management) and procedures (e.g., collection of office referral data, training, team-based decision making) to promote positive changes in-student and teacher behaviors. This article describes a statewide systems approach to the implementation of PBIS. An overview of the PBIS Maryland multilevel implementation model is presented with a focus on school- and district-level structures that support implementation. Preliminary results are presented from the state's summative and formative evaluation being conducted in 467 schools trained in PBIS. The evaluation findings suggest that the state has developed an efficient statewide structure for promoting high-fidelity implementation of PBIS. C1 [Barrett, Susan B.] Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. [Bradshaw, Cathetine P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bradshaw, Cathetine P.] Johns Hopkins Ctr Prevent Youth Violence, CDC Funded, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lewis-Palmer, Teri] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barrett, SB (reprint author), Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, 6501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. EM sbarrett@pbismaryland.org NR 20 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1098-3007 J9 J POSIT BEHAV INTERV JI J. Posit. Behav. Interv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1177/1098300707312541 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 390MQ UT WOS:000262168800004 ER PT J AU Curry, AE Vogel, I Skogstrand, K Drews, C Schendel, DE Flanders, WD Hougaard, DM Thorsen, P AF Curry, A. E. Vogel, I. Skogstrand, K. Drews, C. Schendel, D. E. Flanders, W. D. Hougaard, D. M. Thorsen, P. TI Maternal plasma cytokines in early- and mid-gestation of normal human pregnancy and their association with maternal factors SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; first trimester; gravid; inflammation; inflammatory ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RECURRENT SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FACTOR-ALPHA; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-4-SECRETING CELLS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; PRETERM DELIVERY; SERUM-LEVELS; LABOR AB Few studies have assessed longitudinal changes in circulating cytokine levels during normal pregnancy. We have examined the natural history of maternal plasma cytokines from early-to mid-pregnancy in a large, longitudinal cohort. Multiplex flow cytometry was used to measure interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in early-(median [IQR]: 8.5 weeks [7.1, 10.0]) and mid-pregnancy (25.0 [24.1, 26.1]) from 1274 Danish women delivering singleton term infants. GM-CSF decreased from early-to mid-pregnancy (median percent change [95% CI]: -51.3% [-59.1%, -41.8%]), while increases were observed in IL-6 (24.3% [4.6%, 43.9%]), IL-12 (21.3% [8.9%, 35.7%]) and IFN-gamma (131.7% [100.2%, 171.6%]); IL-2 (-2.8% [-11.5%, 0.0%]) and TNF-alpha-(0% [-5.9%, 25.6%]) remained stable. Positive correlations were found between all cytokines, both in early-and mid-pregnancy (all p < 0.001). Early-and mid-pregnancy levels were rank-correlated for IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, but not IL-6 and IFN-gamma; these correlations were generally weaker than correlations between different cytokines at a single time point in pregnancy. Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 had reduced levels of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF compared to women in other BMI categories, while women aged >= 35 years had elevated IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Early-pregnancy levels of TNF-alpha-were higher in women with a prior preterm delivery. Cytokine levels were not associated with gravidity. In conclusion, cytokines were detected in plasma during early-and mid-pregnancy, with IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF concentrations varying over pregnancy. Concentrations may depend on BMI, maternal age and prior preterm delivery. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Curry, A. E.; Drews, C.; Flanders, W. D.] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Curry, A. E.; Vogel, I.; Skogstrand, K.; Thorsen, P.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, NANEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Vogel, I.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Skogstrand, K.; Hougaard, D. M.] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. [Schendel, D. E.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Diabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curry, AE (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Off Vital Stat, 125 Worth St Rm 204, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ahead@sph.emory.edu OI Skogstrand, Kristin/0000-0002-0026-3711 FU PHS HHS [UR3/CCU018305-03] NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-0378 J9 J REPROD IMMUNOL JI J. Reprod. Immunol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jri.2007.06.051 PG 9 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 288SN UT WOS:000255006200005 PM 17692390 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Brener, N Kann, LK AF Eaton, Danice K. Brener, Nancy Kann, Laura K. TI Associations of health risk behaviors with school absenteeism. Does having permission for the absence make a difference? SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE school; absenteeism; risk behavior; health behavior ID STUDENT ENGAGEMENT; DRUG-USE; INVOLVEMENT; ADOLESCENTS; GRADE AB BACKGROUND: Nearly 10% of students enrolled in US public schools are absent daily. Although previous research has shown associations of school absenteeism with participation in risk behaviors, it is unclear if these associations vary by whether the absence was excused. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of health risk behaviors with being absent from school with and without permission among high school students. METHODS: During spring 2004, questionnaires similar to the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire were completed by 4517 ninth- and eleventh-grade students. Responses to items assessing frequency of school absences during the past 30 days for any reason and without permission were combined to create a variable coded as absent on: 0 days; >= 1 day, all with permission (WP); and >= 1 day, at least 1 day without permission (WOP). Logistic regression analyses controlling for gender, grade, and race/ethnicity examined the association of risk behaviors with absenteeism. RESULTS: Controlling for demographic variables, compared to students who were absent 0 days, students who were absent WP had significantly higher odds of engaging in 25 of 55 risk behaviors examined and students who were absent WOP had significantly higher odds of engaging in 43 of the 55 behaviors. Students who were absent WOP also had approximately twice the odds of engaging in risk behaviors compared to students who were absent WP. CONCLUSIONS: School absenteeism, with and without permission, is associated with risk behaviors. Schools should recognize absenteeism for any reason as a warning sign for a variety of risk behaviors. C1 [Eaton, Danice K.; Brener, Nancy; Kann, Laura K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhe0@cdc.gov; nad1@cdc.gov; lkk1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00290.x PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 274CQ UT WOS:000253979800007 PM 18336682 ER PT J AU Williams, S AF Williams, Samantha TI Contemporary research on sex work SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Williams, Samantha] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM STW8@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 315NR UT WOS:000256887200095 ER PT J AU Albright, A AF Albright, Ann TI What is public health practice telling us about diabetes? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; NURSE CASE-MANAGEMENT; TRANSLATING RESEARCH; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY AB Many infectious diseases are recognized as a public health problem. If one were to apply the criteria for designating an infectious disease as a public health problem to diabetes mellitus, how would diabetes rate? The evidence that justifies referring to diabetes as a public health problem includes the burden on society caused by the number of complications and premature mortality, the growth in the number of people diagnosed with the disease since the early 1990s, and the growing public concern. Because diabetes is a public health problem, it warrants public health solutions. This review examines selected components of a framework that provides a useful way to examine what the public health community is doing to combat this growing epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Albright, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aalbright@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 108 IS 4 SU 1 BP S12 EP S18 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.023 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 286CC UT WOS:000254822000004 PM 18358248 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Boyd, RM Haileyesus, T AF Dellinger, Ann M. Boyd, Rebecca M. Haileyesus, Tadesse TI Fall injuries in older adults from an unusual source: Entering and exiting a vehicle SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle; injury; trauma; boarding; alighting ID CIRCUMSTANCES; CONSEQUENCES AB OBJECTIVES: To examine injuries in older adults due to boarding (i.e., entering) and alighting from (i.e., exiting) motor vehicles, with a special emphasis on falls. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of incident fall injuries while boarding or alighting from a motor vehicle. SETTING: 2001 to 2003 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) data from a representative sample of 500,000 injury and consumer product-related emergency department (ED) cases in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen thousand seven hundred seventy-four persons unintentionally injured while boarding or alighting from a passenger vehicle. MEASUREMENTS: Annualized estimates and injury rates. RESULTS: There were an estimated 37,000 annual boarding and alighting injuries requiring medical care in EDs among older adults, many of these injuries (41.3%) due to falls. Fall rates were higher in women (52.8 per 100,000) than men (29.5 per 100,000) (P<.01). The hospitalization rate was 10 times higher for those aged 65 and older than for those younger than 65 (P<.001). Injury rates differed according to whether the person was boarding or alighting from the vehicle. Fall-related injury associated with alighting was more common (11,030) than with boarding (4,346), and the overall injury rate for alighting (31.0 per 100,000) was more than twice the rate for boarding (12.2 per 100,000). CONCLUSION: The high incidence of falls in older adults in this study points to a variety of injury circumstances that result in falls; therefore, fall prevention activities must address the underlying risks that are widespread in this population. C1 [Dellinger, Ann M.; Boyd, Rebecca M.; Haileyesus, Tadesse] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM adellinger@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01638.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 282IX UT WOS:000254562200003 PM 18312315 ER PT J AU Koster, A Patel, KV Visser, M Van Eijk, JTM Kanaya, AM De Rekeneire, N Newman, AB Tylavsky, FA Kritchevsky, SB Harris, TB AF Koster, Annemarie Patel, Kushang V. Visser, Marjolein Van Eijk, Jacques Th. M. Kanaya, Alka M. De Rekeneire, Nathalie Newman, Anne B. Tylavsky, Frances A. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Harris, Tamara B. CA Hlth Aging Body Composition Study TI Joint effects of adiposity and physical activity on incident mobility limitation in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adiposity; obesity; physical activity; physical function; aged ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE MORTALITY; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; WEIGHT CHANGE; RISK-FACTORS; ELDERLY-MEN; ALL-CAUSE; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVES: To examine joint associations of physical activity and adiposity measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percentage body fat) with incident mobility limitation. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Memphis, Tennessee and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand nine hundred and eighty-two black and white men and women aged 70 to 79 participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. MEASUREMENTS: Mobility limitation was defined as reported difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing 10 steps during two consecutive semiannual assessments over 6.5 years. Three measures of adiposity were included in this study: BMI, total percentage body fat, and waist circumference. Physical activity was assessed using a modified leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of the cohort developed mobility limitation. White and black men with a high BMI (>= 30 kg/m(2)), high total percentage body fat (>31.3%), or high waist circumference (>= 102 cm) had an approximately 60%, 40%, and 40%, respectively, higher risk of incident mobility limitation than those with low adiposity. In women, high adiposity was also associated with a significantly higher mobility limitation risk than in those with low adiposity. Low physical activity (lowest quartile) was associated with a 70% higher risk of mobility limitation in all groups. Persons with high adiposity and low physical activity were at particularly high risk of mobility limitation. People with high adiposity who were physically active had an equally high risk of mobility limitation as inactive people with low adiposity. CONCLUSION: High adiposity and low self-reported physical activity predicted the onset of mobility limitation in well-functioning older persons. Preventing weight gain in old age and promoting physical activity in obese and non-obese older persons may therefore be effective strategies to prevent mobility loss and future disability. C1 [Koster, Annemarie; Patel, Kushang V.; Harris, Tamara B.] NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Koster, Annemarie; Van Eijk, Jacques Th. M.] Univ Maastricht, Dept Hlth Care Studies, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Visser, Marjolein] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Inst Hlth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kanaya, Alka M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [De Rekeneire, Nathalie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabetes Translat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Newman, Anne B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Tylavsky, Frances A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN USA. [Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Sticht Ctr Aging, Sect Gerontol & Geriat Med, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Koster, A (reprint author), NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, 7201 Wisconsin Ave Gateway Bldg,Suite 3C309, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kostera@mail.nih.gov RI Koster, Annemarie/E-7438-2010; Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2106] NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 10 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01632.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 282IX UT WOS:000254562200007 PM 18284534 ER PT J AU Densmore, D Blanck, HM Serdula, MK Brown, DR AF Densmore, D. Blanck, H. M. Serdula, M. K. Brown, D. R. TI Gender differences in associations of lifestyle changes and depressive symptoms in mid-life and older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 [Densmore, D.; Blanck, H. M.; Serdula, M. K.; Brown, D. R.] CDC, PHP Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 SU S MA A114 BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 286IT UT WOS:000254840300159 ER PT J AU Grefsheim, SF Rankin, JA Perry, GJ McKibbon, KA AF Grefsheim, Suzanne F. Rankin, Jocelyn A. Perry, Gerald J. McKibbon, K. Ann TI Affirming our commitment to research: the Medical Library Association's research policy statement: the process and findings SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Purpose: Building on its 1995 research policy statement, the Medical Library Association (MLA) has issued a new research policy, The Research Imperative. This paper shares the background research that informed the new policy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifty-one key informants representing various library types, functions, geographic locations, ages, and ethnicities. The grounded theory approach was used to analyze the resulting textual database. Additionally, to gather input from the membership as a whole, two open forums were held at MLA annual meetings. Results: Key informant data indicated that the policy should provide roles for MLA in leadership, advocacy, collaboration, services, education, publishing, and development of a research agenda. Evidence-based library and information practice was emphasized. Six themes emerged to center the new policy: creation of a research culture, challenges, domains of research, research skills set, roles of stakeholders, and measurement of progress. Conclusion: Reflecting the interests and beliefs of the membership, The Research Imperative challenges MLA members to build a supportive culture that values and contributes to a research base that is recognized as an essential tool for future practice. C1 [Grefsheim, Suzanne F.] NIH, Div Lib Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rankin, Jocelyn A.] CDC Informat Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Perry, Gerald J.] Univ Colorado, Denison Mem Lib, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [McKibbon, K. Ann] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Grefsheim, SF (reprint author), NIH, Div Lib Serv, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC-1150, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM grefshes@nih.gov; jrankin@cdc.gov; jerry.perry@uchsc.edu; mckib@mcmaster.ca NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 96 IS 2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.3163/1536-5050.96.2.114 PG 7 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 289QL UT WOS:000255068900005 PM 18379666 ER PT J AU Cao, D Santos, N Jones, RW Tatsumi, M Gentsch, JR Hoshino, Y AF Cao, Dianjun Santos, Norma Jones, Ronald W. Tatsumi, Masatoshi Gentsch, Jon R. Hoshino, Yasutaka TI The VP7 genes of two g9 rotaviruses isolated in 1980 from diarrheal stool samples collected in Washington, DC, are unique molecularly and serotypically SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID G9 ROTAVIRUS STRAINS; GLOBAL COLLECTION; VACCINE; GASTROENTERITIS; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPES; SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; JAPAN AB In a retrospective study of archival diarrheal stool samples collected from 1974 to 1991 at Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC, we detected three genotype G9P[8] viruses in specimens collected in 1980, which represented the earliest human G9 viruses ever isolated. The VP7 genes of two culture-adapted 1980 G9 viruses were phylogenetically related closely to the lineage 2 G9 virus VP7 gene. Unexpectedly, however, the VP7s of the 1980 G9 viruses were more closely related serotypically to lineage 3 VP7s than to lineage 2 VP7, which may be supported by amino acid sequence analyses of the VP7 proteins. C1 [Cao, Dianjun; Santos, Norma; Jones, Ronald W.; Tatsumi, Masatoshi; Hoshino, Yasutaka] NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, Epidemiol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Santos, Norma] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Dept Virol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gentsch, Jon R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoshino, Y (reprint author), NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6308, Bethesda, MD 20902 USA. EM thoshino@niaid.nih.gov RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 8 BP 4175 EP 4179 DI 10.1128/JVI.02537-07 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 284QQ UT WOS:000254721300037 PM 18234798 ER PT J AU Huyvaert, KP Moore, AT Panella, NA Edwards, EA Brown, MB Komar, N Brown, CR AF Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Moore, Amy T. Panella, Nicholas A. Edwards, Eric A. Brown, Mary Bomberger Komar, Nicholas Brown, Charles R. TI Experimental inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Buggy Creek Virus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; Buggy Creek virus; cliff swallow; house sparrow; Passer domesticus; virus transmission ID WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; NILE-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ARBOVIRUSES; CULICIDAE AB We performed experimental inoculations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Buggy Creek virus (BCRV), a poorly known alphavirus (Togaviridae) vectored primarily by the swallow bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Oeciacus vicarius) that is an ectoparasite of the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow. Viremias were detected by plaque assay in two of six birds on days 1-3 postinoculation; viremia was highest on day 2. Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in blood of six of 12 birds ranging from day I to day 15 postinoculation. Infectious BCRV was detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples from two birds by plaque assay. Three control birds that were housed with viremic individuals showed evidence of BCRV RNA in blood (by RT-PCR), suggesting possible bird-to-bird transmission of this virus. Viral RNA also was detected by RT-PCR in brain and skin tissue of six birds on necropsy at the end of the 16-day experiment. introduced house sparrows are apparently a competent amplifying host for BCRV, and their presence year-round at cliff swallow colonies may facilitate persistence of the virus locally, especially when cliff swallows abandon a site temporarily. The findings that BCRV can be shed orally, that it persists in bird skin, and that control birds could apparently be infected by conspecifics suggest that this vir-us may be transmitted from bird to bird in the crowded conditions of many cliff swallow colonies. C1 [Huyvaert, Kathryn P.; Panella, Nicholas A.; Edwards, Eric A.; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Huyvaert, Kathryn P.; Moore, Amy T.; Brown, Mary Bomberger; Brown, Charles R.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Huyvaert, KP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Kate.Huyvaert@ColoState.edu RI Huyvaert, Kathryn/A-2710-2009 OI Huyvaert, Kathryn/0000-0003-3302-030X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI0577569] NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600011 PM 18436665 ER PT J AU Yabsley, MJ Loftis, AD Little, SE AF Yabsley, Michael J. Loftis, Amanda D. Little, Susan E. TI Natural and experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the United States with an Ehrlichia sp closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma; cervid; Cowdria; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Ehrlichia ruminantium; heartwater; lone star tick ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; BORRELIA-LONESTARI; TICKS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; HEARTWATER; IXODIDAE; COINFECTION AB An Ehrlichia sp. (Panola Mountain [PM] Ehrlichia sp.) closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium was recently detected in a domestic goat experimentally infested with lone star ticks (LSTs, Amblyomma americanum) collected from Georgia, USA. The infected goat exhibited pyrexia and mild clinical pathologic abnormalities consistent with ehrlichiosis. At least two other Ehrlichia species (Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii) are maintained in nature by a cycle involving LSTs as the primary vector and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) as a known or suspected reservoir. To investigate the possibility that white-tailed deer are potential hosts of the PM Ehrlichia sp., whole blood samples collected from 87 wild deer from 2000 to 2002 were screened with a species-specific nested PCR assay targeting the citrate synthase gene. In addition, two laboratory-raised white-tailed deer fawns were each infested with 120 wild-caught LST adults from Missouri, USA, and blood samples were periodically collected and tested for the PM Ehrlichia sp. Of 87 deer tested from 20 locations in the southeastern United States, three (3%) deer from Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia were positive for the PM Ehrlichia sp. Wild-caught ticks transmitted the PM Ehrlichia sp. to one of two deer fawns, and colony-reared nymphal LSTs acquired the organism from the deer, maintained it transstadially as they molted to adults, and transmitted the PM Ehrlichia sp. to two naive fawns. These findings indicate that white-tailed deer are naturally and experimentally susceptible to infection with an Ehrlichia sp. closely related to E. ruminantium and are able to serve as a source of infection to LSTs. C1 [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Little, Susan E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R56AI062834-01A1] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600016 PM 18436670 ER PT J AU Rose, MA Sharpe, TT Raliegh, K Reid, L Foley, M Cleveland, J AF Rose, Michelle A. Sharpe, Tanya Telfair Raliegh, Kathleen Reid, Laurie Foley, Megan Cleveland, Janet TI An HIV/AIDS Crisis among African American women: A summary for prevention and care in the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB The meeting, HIV/AIDS and African American Women: A Consultation Supporting CDC's Heightened National Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis among African Americans, provided a forum to address gaps in prevention and HIV/AIDS infection for African American women. Health researchers, community-based organization leaders, and representatives from both healthcare and non-healthcare sectors took this opportunity to discuss and develop a variety of priorities and suggestions for HIV/AIDS prevention. Four focus areas were provided for meeting attendees to promote discussion and strategy development. The resulting list of priorities and suggestions for HIV/AIDS prevention may provide future steps for researchers, communities, and physicians to increase prevention and decrease infection rates. Novel, innovative, and participatory approaches are needed within and outside the public arena to decrease the gaps in HIV/AIDS prevention for African American women. C1 [Rose, Michelle A.; Sharpe, Tanya Telfair; Raliegh, Kathleen; Reid, Laurie; Foley, Megan; Cleveland, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rose, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E 35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM marose@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0719 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 284VN UT WOS:000254734800001 PM 18328016 ER PT J AU Wang, H Feng, Z Shu, Y Yu, H Zhou, L Zu, RQ Huai, Y Dong, J Bao, CJ Wen, LY Wang, H Yang, P Zhao, W Dong, LB Zhou, MH Liao, QH Yang, HT Wang, M Lu, XJ Shi, ZY Wang, W Gu, L Zhu, FC Li, Q Yin, WD Yang, WZ Li, DX Uyeki, TM Wang, Y AF Wang, Hua Feng, Zijian Shu, Yuelong Yu, Hongjie Zhou, Lei Zu, Rongqiang Huai, Yang Dong, Jie Bao, Changjun Wen, Leying Wang, Hong Yang, Peng Zhao, Wei Dong, Libo Zhou, Minghao Liao, Qiaohong Yang, Haitao Wang, Min Lu, Xiaojun Shi, Zhiyang Wang, Wei Gu, Ling Zhu, Fengcai Li, Qun Yin, Weidong Yang, Weizhong Li, Dexin Uyeki, Timothy M. Wang, Yu TI Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; ANTI-H5 ANTIBODY; HONG-KONG; INFECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK AB Bankground in December, 2007, family cluster of two individuals infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus was identified in Jiangsu Province, China. Field and laboratory investigations were implemented immediately by public-health authorities. Methods Epidemiological, clinical, and virological data were collected and analysed. Respiratory specimens from the patients were tested by reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR and by viral culture for the presence of H5N1 virus. Contacts of cases were monitored for symptoms of illness for 10 days. Any contacts who became ill had respiratory specimens collected for H5N1 testing by RT PCR. Sera were obtained from contacts for H5N1 serological testing by microneutralisation and horse red-blood-cell haemagglutinin inhibition assays. Findings The 24-year-old index case died, and the second case, his 52-year-old father, survived after receiving early antiviral treatment and post-vaccination plasma from a participant in an H5N1 vaccine trial. The index case's only plausible exposure to H5N1 virus was a poultry market visit 6 days before the onset of illness. The second case had substantial unprotected close exposure to his ill son. 91 contacts with close exposure to one or both cases without adequate protective equipment provided consent for serological investigation. Of these individuals, 78 (86%) received oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis and two had mild illness. Both ill contacts tested negative for H5N1 by RT PCR. All 91 close contacts tested negative for H5N1 antibodies. HSN1 viruses isolated from the two cases were genetically identical except for one non-synonymous nucleotide substitution. Interpretation Limited, non-sustained person-to-person transmission of H5N1 virus probably occurred in this family cluster. Funding Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology; US National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. C1 [Feng, Zijian; Yu, Hongjie; Zhou, Lei; Huai, Yang; Yang, Peng; Liao, Qiaohong; Li, Qun; Yang, Weizhong; Wang, Yu] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hua; Zu, Rongqiang; Bao, Changjun; Zhou, Minghao; Yang, Haitao; Shi, Zhiyang; Gu, Ling; Zhu, Fengcai] Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Shu, Yuelong; Dong, Jie; Wen, Leying; Dong, Libo; Wang, Min; Wang, Wei; Li, Dexin] China CDC, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hong] Jiangsu Prov Peoples Hosp, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Wei] Nanjing Secondary Peoples Hosp, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Xiaojun] Nanjing Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Yin, Weidong] Sinovac Biotech Co, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM wangyu@chinacdc.cn FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI51915] NR 39 TC 161 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR-MAY PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9622 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60493-6 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294XW UT WOS:000255440600023 PM 18400288 ER PT J AU Fenton, KA Breban, R Vardavas, R Okano, JT Martin, T Aral, S Blower, S AF Fenton, Kevin A. Breban, Romulus Vardavas, Raffaele Okano, Justin T. Martin, Tara Aral, Sevgi Blower, Sally TI Infectious syphilis in high-income settings in the 21st century SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; WESTERN-EUROPE; NORTH-CAROLINA AB In high-income countries after World War II, the widespread availability of effective antimicrobial therapy, combined with expanded screening, diagnosis, and treatment programmes, resulted in a substantial decline in the incidence of syphilis. However, by the turn of the 21st century, outbreaks of syphilis began to occur in different subpopulations, especially in communities of men who have sex with men. The reasons for these outbreaks include changing sexual an socia norms, interactions with increasingly prevalent HIV infection, substance abuse, global travel and migration, and underinvestment in public-health services. Recently, it has been suggested that these outbreaks could be the result of an interaction of the pathogen with natural immunity, and that syphilis epidemics should be expected to intrinsically cycle. We discuss this hypothesis by examining long-term data sets of syphilis. Today, syphilis in western Europe and the USA is characterised by low-level endemicity with concentration among population subgroups with high rates of partner change, poor access to health services, social marginalisation, or low socioeconomic status. C1 [Fenton, Kevin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Breban, Romulus] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vardavas, Raffaele; Okano, Justin T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Martin, Tara] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Syst Biol Program, Boston, MA USA. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Kif2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041935] NR 130 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70065-3 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 278RQ UT WOS:000254304400019 PM 18353265 ER PT J AU Ochner, MH Salvail, FR Ford, ES Ajani, U AF Ochner, Margaret H. Salvail, Florentina R. Ford, Earl S. Ajani, Umed TI Obesity and self-reported general health, Hawaii BRFSS: Are polynesians at higher risk? SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RATED HEALTH; OLDER-ADULTS; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE AB objective: This study compared the relationship between fair/poor general health status among overweight and obese Polynesians with that among other overweight and obese persons in Hawaii. Methods and Procedures: Data were pooled from the 1998-2003 Hawaii Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and logistic regression used to examine the predictors of fair/poor health status. Results: Polynesians were significantly more likely to be obese than non-Polynesians; overweight Polynesians were more likely than other overweight individuals to report fair/poor health status. After adjusting for confounders, among Polynesians, being obese was no longer associated with fair/poor health. Non-Polynesians who were obese ( odds ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-2.6), older, less educated, smokers, diabetic, hypertensive, and physically inactive were more likely to report fair/ poor health. Discussion: Although Polynesians were significantly more obese than the rest of the Hawaii population, their weight was not independently associated with their odds for fair/ poor health as it was with non-Polynesians. The difference may be that, for Polynesians, hypertension and diabetes overrode the effect of obesity on general health status or this group maintains different cultural perceptions of body size. Regardless, these findings show a major health risk among Polynesians and suggest the need for culturally specific health interventions. C1 [Ochner, Margaret H.; Ford, Earl S.; Ajani, Umed] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Salvail, Florentina R.] Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Off Hlth Planning, BRFSS, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ochner, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ma99ieo@gmail.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD APR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.120 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 283ZG UT WOS:000254674400035 PM 18239584 ER PT J AU Henderson, Z Power, M Lackritz, E Berghella, V Schulkin, J AF Henderson, Zsakeba Power, Michael Lackritz, Eve Berghella, Vincenzo Schulkin, Jay TI Variations in the use of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY MAY 03-07, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists C1 [Henderson, Zsakeba] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 111 IS 4 SU S BP 6S EP 6S PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 280NT UT WOS:000254434200014 ER PT J AU Epis, S Sassera, D Beninati, T Lo, N Beati, L Piesman, J Rinaldi, L Mccoy, KD Torina, A Sacchi, L Clementi, E Genchi, M Magnino, S Bandi, C AF Epis, S. Sassera, D. Beninati, T. Lo, N. Beati, L. Piesman, J. Rinaldi, L. McCoy, K. D. Torina, A. Sacchi, L. Clementi, E. Genchi, M. Magnino, S. Bandi, C. TI Midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Midichloria mitochondrii; Ixodes ricinus; hard ticks; intra-mitochondrial; PCR screening; phylogeny ID IXODES-RICINUS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MICROORGANISMS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATICS; SYMBIONT; SPP.; GENE AB The hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been named Midichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks for Midichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening for Midichloria -related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Iceland. A total of 7 newly examined species from 5 genera were found positive for bacteria closely related to M. mitochondrii. Samples of the tick species Rhipicephalus bursa, found positive in the PCR screening, were analysed with transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of bacteria both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the oocytes. There is thus evidence that bacteria invade mitochondria in at least 2 tick species. Phylogenetic analysis on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from positive specimens revealed that the bacteria form a monophyletic group within the order Rickettsiales. The phylogeny of Midichloria symbionts and related bacteria does not appear completely congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts. C1 [Epis, S.; Sassera, D.; Bandi, C.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Patol Anim, Milan, Italy. [Beninati, T.; Lo, N.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Beati, L.] Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Piesman, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Rinaldi, L.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Patol & Sanita Anim, Naples, Italy. [McCoy, K. D.] CNRS, IRD, UMR 2724, Montpellier, France. [Torina, A.] Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Sicilia, Palermo, Italy. [Sacchi, L.; Clementi, E.; Genchi, M.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Biol Anim, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Magnino, S.] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Lombardia & Emilia, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. RP Bandi, C (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Patol Anim, Milan, Italy. EM claudio.bandi@unimi.it RI Lo, Nathan/E-6115-2010; Beninati, Tiziana/H-5505-2011; McCoy, Karen/F-7061-2012; Torina, Alessandra/I-3029-2016; EPIS, SARA/B-7708-2017; OI Torina, Alessandra/0000-0003-1555-8309; EPIS, SARA/0000-0001-8807-4802; Genchi, Marco/0000-0003-3768-2482 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.1017/S0031182007004052 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 297MB UT WOS:000255619700008 PM 18205982 ER PT J AU Wang, RJ Zhang, LX Ning, CS Feng, YY Jian, FC Xiao, LH Lu, B Ai, WC Dong, HP AF Wang, Rongjun Zhang, Longxian Ning, Changshen Feng, Yaoyu Jian, Fuchun Xiao, Lihua Lu, Biao Ai, Weichang Dong, Heping TI Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium andersoni (Apicomplexa) isolated from a bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) in China SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; PARASITES; INFECTIVITY; PREVALENCE; DAIRY; HERD; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; GENOTYPES AB This is the first report of cryptosporidiosis in a bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) in China. Two Cryptosporidium isolates derived from the same bactrian camel (3-year-old) in November 2005 and April 2006 were characterized using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (18S rRNA), 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), actin and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) genes. The sequences of the 18S rRNA and COWP were identical to all other Cryptosporidium andersoni isolates although minor differences were noticed between the isolates and the USA isolate at the actin locus (99.2% of similarity). The sequence of the HSP70 was identical to the Japanese C. andersoni isolate, with a minor difference from the Australian C. andersoni isolate (99.7% of similarity). Cross-transmission studies demonstrated that the C. andersoni isolates did not infect immunosuppressed or immunocompetent Kun-ming mice, severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and immunosuppressed or immunocompetent calves. Among the C. andersoni isolates reported so far, only isolates from Japan could infect SCID mice. Thus, the C. andersoni isolates from the bactrian camel were biologically similar to most bovine C. andersoni isolates characterized so far, but are different from bovine isolates from Japan. C1 [Wang, Rongjun; Zhang, Longxian; Ning, Changshen; Jian, Fuchun; Lu, Biao; Dong, Heping] Hennan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yaoyu] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Parasit Dis, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ai, Weichang] Wild Anim Rescue Ctr Henan Prov, Zhengzhou 450044, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Hennan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. EM zhanglx8999@yahoo.com.cn RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 29 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 5 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0851-x PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 280XM UT WOS:000254460100013 PM 18165930 ER PT J AU Yagi, S Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Yagi, Shigeo Schuster, Frederick L. Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Demonstration of Balamuthia and Acanthamoeba mitochondrial DNA in sectioned archival brain and other tissues by the polymerase chain reaction (vol 102, pg 491, 2008) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Yagi, Shigeo; Schuster, Frederick L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Fred.Schuster@cdph.ca.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1109 DI 10.1007/s00436-008-0950-3 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 280XM UT WOS:000254460100044 ER PT J AU Park, SY Moore, MR Bruden, DL Hyde, TB Reasonover, AL Harker-Jones, M Rudolph, KM Hurlburt, DA Parks, DJ Parkinson, AJ Schuehat, A Hennessy, TW AF Park, Sarah Y. Moore, Matthew R. Bruden, Dana L. Hyde, Terri B. Reasonover, Alisa L. Harker-Jones, Marcella Rudolph, Karen M. Hurlburt, Debby A. Parks, Debra J. Parkinson, Alan J. Schuehat, Anne Hennessy, Thomas W. TI Impact of conjugate vaccine on transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among Alaskan children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; conjugate vaccine; antimicrobial resistance; carriage study ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; NONVACCINE SEROTYPES; UNITED-STATES; COLONIZATION; EFFICACY; HEALTH AB Background: The impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important concern for countries considering PCV7 introduction. Methods: Every winter from 2000 to 2004, as PCV7 was routinely introduced, we obtained nasopharyngeal swabs for pneumococcal culture, serotyping, and susceptibility testing from 150 children aged 3-59 months at each of 3 Anchorage, Alaska clinics. We assessed risk factors for pneumococcal carriage, including vaccination status and antimicrobial use. Results: Between 2000 and 2004, 2250 nasopharyngeal swabs from 2061 infants and children were collected. The proportion of children receiving >= 1 PCV7 vaccination increased from 0 to 89%, whereas overall pneumococcal carriage remained stable (38% versus 41%, respectively). Among S. pneumoniae carriers, we observed declines in carriage of PCV7 serotypes (from 54% to 10%, P < 0.01) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nonsusceptible strains (44% to 16%, P < 0.01), but not in PCN-nonsusceptible strains (36% versus 37%). Among PCN-nonsusceptible types, the proportion of serotype 19A strains increased from 10% to 32% (P = 0.0002). Recent beta-lactam use was stable throughout the period (29% overall), whereas trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use declined from 6% to 2% (P = 0.02). Conclusions: PCV7 vaccination in the first 5 years did not affect overall pneumococcal carriage, but was associated with a shift in serotype distribution from PCV7 types to non-PCV7 types. With persistent pressure of some antimicrobials, reductions in carriage of antimicrobial nonsusceptible PCV7 types may be offset by increases in carriage of nonsusceptible non-PCV7 types. C1 [Park, Sarah Y.; Moore, Matthew R.; Hyde, Terri B.; Schuehat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bruden, Dana L.; Reasonover, Alisa L.; Harker-Jones, Marcella; Rudolph, Karen M.; Hurlburt, Debby A.; Parks, Debra J.; Parkinson, Alan J.; Hennessy, Thomas W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, 1132 Bishop St,Suite 1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM sarah.park@doh.hawaii.gov NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318161434d PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 283NN UT WOS:000254643100010 PM 18316986 ER PT J AU Lee, BE Pang, XL Robinson, JL Bigam, D Monroe, SS Preiksaitis, JK AF Lee, Bonita E. Pang, Xiaoli L. Robinson, Joan L. Bigam, David Monroe, Stephan S. Preiksaitis, Jutta K. TI Chronic norovirus and adenovirus infection in a solid organ transplant recipient SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE norovirus; adenovirus; solid organ transplant; chronic diarrhea ID PCR ASSAY; GASTROENTERITIS; SPECIMENS; OUTBREAKS; DIARRHEA; UNIT AB A 10-month-old boy developed chronic diarrhea 2 months after a combined liver, pancreas, and small bowel transplant. Norovirus and adenovirus were detected in multiple stool specimens during a 114-day period. Enteric viral infectious should be considered in solid organ transplant recipients with chronic diarrhea. C1 [Lee, Bonita E.; Robinson, Joan L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Pang, Xiaoli L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Bigam, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Surg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Monroe, Stephan S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Preiksaitis, Jutta K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Robinson, JL (reprint author), Aberhart Ctr One, Room 8213,11402 Univ Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J3, Canada. EM jr3@ualberta.ca OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31815f5b5a PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 283NN UT WOS:000254643100017 PM 18316991 ER PT J AU Schaefer, MK Shehab, N Cohen, AL Budnitz, DS AF Schaefer, Melissa K. Shehab, Nadine Cohen, Adam L. Budnitz, Daniel S. TI Adverse events from cough and cold medications in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adverse events; drug safety; poisoning; medication errors; drug packaging; nasal decongestants; expectorants; antitussives; non-prescription drugs ID OVER-THE-COUNTER; SURVEILLANCE AB BACKGROUND. Adverse drug events in children from cough and cold medications have been identified as a public health issue with clinical and policy implications. Nationally representative morbidity data could be useful for targeting age-appropriate safety interventions. OBJECTIVE. To describe emergency department visits for adverse drug events from cough and cold medications in children. METHODS. Emergency department visits for adverse drug events attributed to cough and cold medications among children aged <12 years were identified from a nationally representative stratified probability sample of 63 US emergency departments from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005. RESULTS. Annually, an estimated 7091 patients aged < 12 years were treated in emergency departments for adverse drug events from cough and cold medications, accounting for 5.7% of emergency department visits for all medications in this age group. Most visits were for children aged 2 to 5 years (64%). Unsupervised ingestions accounted for 66% of estimated emergency department visits, which was significantly higher than unsupervised ingestions of other medications (47%), and most of these ingestions involved children aged 2 to 5 years (77%). Most children did not require admission or extended observation (93%). CONCLUSIONS. Timely national surveillance data can help target education, enforcement, and engineering strategies for reducing adverse events from cough and cold medications among children. Engineering innovations could be particularly helpful in addressing unsupervised ingestions, which is the most frequent cause of adverse events. These innovations could be applicable to other children's medications. C1 [Schaefer, Melissa K.; Shehab, Nadine; Budnitz, Daniel S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schaefer, Melissa K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3638 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 282OJ UT WOS:000254576800017 PM 18227192 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Kung, HC Mathews, TJ Hoyert, DL Strobino, DM Guyer, B Sutton, SR AF Martin, Joyce A. Kung, Hsiang-Ching Mathews, T. J. Hoyert, Donna L. Strobino, Donna M. Guyer, Bernard Sutton, Shae R. TI Annual summary of vital statistics: 2006 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; teenage fertility; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; cesarean rate; vital statistics; ICD-10; revised certificates ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; INFANT-MORTALITY; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; MATERNAL SMOKING; TRENDS; REGISTRATION; IMPACT; RATES AB US births increased 3% between 2005 and 2006 to 4 265 996, the largest number since 1961. The crude birth rate rose 1%, to 14.2 per 1000 population, and the general fertility rate increased 3%, to 68.5 per 1000 women 15 to 44 years. Births and birth rates increased among all race and Hispanic-origin groups. Teen childbearing rose 3% in 2006, to 41.9 per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years, the first increase after 14 years of steady decline. Birth rates rose 2% to 4% for women aged 20 to 44; rates for the youngest (10-14 years) and oldest (45-49) women were unchanged. Childbearing by unmarried women increased steeply in 2006 and set new historic highs. The cesarean-delivery rate rose by 3% in 2006 to 31.1% of all births; this figure has been up 50% over the last decade. Preterm and low birth weight rates also increased for 2006 to 12.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The 2005 infant mortality rate was 6.89 infant deaths per 1000 live births, not statistically higher than the 2004 level. Non-Hispanic black newborns continued to be more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic white and Hispanic infants to die in the first year of life in 2004. For all gender and race groups combined, expectation of life at birth reached a record high of 77.9 years in 2005. Age-adjusted death rates in the United States continue to decline. The crude death rate for children aged 1 to 19 years decreased significantly between 2000 and 2005. Of the 10 leading causes of death for children in 2005, only the death rate for cerebrovascular disease was up slightly from 2000, whereas accident and chronic lower respiratory disease death rates decreased. A large proportion of childhood deaths, however, continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 [Martin, Joyce A.; Kung, Hsiang-Ching; Mathews, T. J.; Hoyert, Donna L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Strobino, Donna M.; Guyer, Bernard] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sutton, Shae R.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Publ Hlth Stat & Informat Serv, Div Biostat, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7415, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jamartin@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 250 Z9 258 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP 788 EP 801 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-3753 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 282OJ UT WOS:000254576800018 PM 18381544 ER PT J AU Malik, S Cleves, MA Honein, MA Romitti, PA Botto, LD Yang, SP Hobbs, CA AF Malik, Sadia Cleves, Mario A. Honein, Margaret A. Romitti, Paul A. Botto, Lorenzo D. Yang, Shengping Hobbs, Charlotte A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevent Study TI Maternal smoking and congenital heart defects SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE smoking; pregnancy; congenital heart defects ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NOS3 GENETIC-VARIANTS; INFANT BIRTH-WEIGHT; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; 1ST-YEAR SURVIVAL; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PASSIVE SMOKING; SELECTION BIAS AB OBJECTIVES. In a population-based case-control study, we investigated the association between congenital heart defects and maternal smoking. METHODS. The National Birth Defects Prevention Study enrolled 3067 infants with nonsyndromic congenital heart defects and their parents and 3947 infants without birth defects and their parents. Affected infants had >= 1 of the following defects: conotruncal, septal, anomalous pulmonary venous return, atrioventricular septal defects, and left-sided or right-sided obstructive heart defects. Mothers of case and control infants were asked if they smoked during the periconceptional period, defined as 1 month before pregnancy through the first trimester. Maternal home and workplace exposure to tobacco smoke during the same period was also determined. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS. Case infants were more likely to be premature and have lower birth weight than control infants. Women who smoked anytime during the month before pregnancy to the end of the first trimester were more likely to have infants with septal heart defects than women who did not smoke during this time period. This association was stronger for mothers who reported heavier smoking during this period. This relation was independent of potential confounding factors, including prenatal vitamin use, alcohol intake, maternal age, and race or ethnicity. Women who smoked >= 25 cigarettes per day were more likely than nonsmoking mothers to have infants with right- sided obstructive defects. There was no increased risk of congenital heart defects with maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. CONCLUSIONS. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with septal and right-sided obstructive defects. Additional investigation into the timing of tobacco exposure and genetic susceptibilities that could modify this risk will provide a more precise evidence base on which to build clinical and public health primary prevention strategies. C1 [Malik, Sadia; Cleves, Mario A.; Yang, Shengping; Hobbs, Charlotte A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Honein, Margaret A.] CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hobbs, CA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1120 Marshall St,Mail Slot 512-40, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM hobbscharlotte@uams.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [1R03HD050663-01A1]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU613236] NR 52 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP E810 EP E816 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1519 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 282OJ UT WOS:000254576800056 PM 18381510 ER PT J AU O'Connor, KS Bramlett, MD AF O'Connor, Kathleen S. Bramlett, Matthew D. TI Vaccination coverage by special health care needs status in young children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; children with special health care needs ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SAMPLE; IMPACT; AGE AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare vaccination coverage among children 19 to 35 months of age with and without special health care needs overall and among demographic subgroups. METHODS. Data are from the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs, a module of the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey, which was sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health Bureau and conducted in 2000-2002 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics. We used data from the National Immunization Survey and the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs to examine immunization coverage rates for individual vaccines and an array of combined series vaccinations. The relationship between special needs and immunization status was analyzed by age, gender, and race or ethnicity of the child; the child's health insurance type; the mother's educational attainment and presence in the household; and household income relative to the federal poverty level. RESULTS. Overall, there were no significant differences between children with and without special needs for any of the individual antigens or combined immunization series. Some significant differences by special needs status were found within certain demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that, generally children with special health care needs have immunization rates that are very similar to typically developing children. There is some evidence that children with special health care needs are at risk for under-immunization if they are non-Hispanic white or live in an affluent household and are more likely to be immunized if they are Hispanic, poor, publicly insured, or if their mothers did not complete high school. These findings may be due to outreach or support programs that target disadvantaged children. However, it is important to note that the majority of comparisons within demographic subgroups show no significant differences between children with special health care needs and children without special health care needs. C1 [O'Connor, Kathleen S.; Bramlett, Matthew D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP O'Connor, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2114, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM koconnor1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP E768 EP E774 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0305 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 282OJ UT WOS:000254576800050 PM 18381504 ER PT J AU Matthias, MA Ricaldi, JN Cespedes, M Diaz, MM Galloway, RL Saito, M Steigerwalt, AG Patra, KP Ore, CV Gotuzzo, E Gilman, RH Levett, PN Vinetz, JM AF Matthias, Michael A. Ricaldi, Jessica N. Cespedes, Manuel Diaz, M. Monica Galloway, Renee L. Saito, Mayuko Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Patra, Kailash P. Ore, Carlos Vidal Gotuzzo, Eduardo Gilman, Robert H. Levett, Paul N. Vinetz, Joseph M. TI Human Leptospirosis Caused by a New, Antigenically Unique Leptospira Associated with a Rattus Species Reservoir in the Peruvian Amazon SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; QUANTITATIVE PCR; NOV.; SEROVARS; REGION; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS AB As part of a prospective study of leptospirosis and biodiversity of Leptospira in the Peruvian Amazon, a new Leptospira species was isolated from humans with acute febrile illness. Field trapping identified this leptospire in peridomestic rats (Rattus norvegicus, six isolates; R. rattus, two isolates) obtained in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas of the Iquitos region. Novelty of this species was proven by serological typing, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis. We have named this species "Leptospira licerasiae'' serovar Varillal, and have determined that it is phylogenetically related to, but genetically distinct from, other intermediate Leptospira such as L. fainei and L. inadai. The type strain is serovar Varillal strain VAR 010(T), which has been deposited into internationally accessible culture collections. By microscopic agglutination test, "Leptospira licerasiae'' serovar Varillal was antigenically distinct from all known serogroups of Leptospira except for low level cross-reaction with rabbit anti-L. fainei serovar Hurstbridge at a titer of 1:100. LipL32, although not detectable by PCR, was detectable in "Leptospira licerasiae'' serovar Varillal by both Southern blot hybridization and Western immunoblot, although on immunoblot, the predicted protein was significantly smaller (27 kDa) than that of L. interrogans and L. kirschneri (32 kDa). Isolation was rare from humans (2/45 Leptospira isolates from 881 febrile patients sampled), but high titers of MAT antibodies against "Leptospira licerasiae'' serovar Varillal were common (30%) among patients fulfilling serological criteria for acute leptospirosis in the Iquitos region, and uncommon (7%) elsewhere in Peru. This new leptospiral species reflects Amazonian biodiversity and has evolved to become an important cause of leptospirosis in the Peruvian Amazon. C1 [Matthias, Michael A.; Ricaldi, Jessica N.; Patra, Kailash P.; Vinetz, Joseph M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ricaldi, Jessica N.; Gotuzzo, Eduardo] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Alexander von Humboldt Inst Trop Med, Lima, Peru. [Cespedes, Manuel] Natl Inst Hlth, Leptospirosis Reference Lab, Lima, Peru. [Diaz, M. Monica] Univ Nacl Tucuman, PIDBA, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Diaz, M. Monica] Univ Nacl Tucuman, CONICET, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Galloway, Renee L.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Leptospirosis Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saito, Mayuko] Asociac Benef PRISMA, Lima, Peru. [Ore, Carlos Vidal] Minist Hlth, Loreto Dept, Directorate Publ Hlth, Iquitos, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Levett, Paul N.] Saskatchewan Dis Control Lab, Regina, SK, Canada. RP Matthias, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca; jvinetz@ucsd.edu RI Ricaldi, Jessica/A-9112-2009; OI Ricaldi, Jessica/0000-0003-0330-0554; Vinetz, Joseph/0000-0001-8344-2004; Diaz, Monica/0000-0001-9519-6461 FU U.S. Public Health Service [R01TW005860, D43TW007120, K24AI068903] FX This study was supported by the following U.S. Public Health Service grants to JMV: R01TW005860, D43TW007120, and K24AI068903. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 AR e213 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000213 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385IA UT WOS:000261806700019 PM 18382606 ER PT J AU Delgado, S Erickson, BR Agudo, R Blair, PJ Vallejo, E Albarino, CG Vargas, J Comer, JA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Olson, JG Nichol, ST AF Delgado, Simon Erickson, Bobbie R. Agudo, Roberto Blair, Patrick J. Vallejo, Efrain Albarino, Cesar G. Vargas, Jorge Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Olson, James G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; VENEZUELA; STRAINS AB A small focus of hemorrhagic fever (HF) cases occurred near Cochabamba, Bolivia, in December 2003 and January 2004. Specimens were available from only one fatal case, which had a clinical course that included fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and vomiting with subsequent deterioration and multiple hemorrhagic signs. A non-cytopathic virus was isolated from two of the patient serum samples, and identified as an arenavirus by IFA staining with a rabbit polyvalent antiserum raised against South American arenaviruses known to be associated with HF (Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabia). RT-PCR analysis and subsequent analysis of the complete virus S and L RNA segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the pathogenic South American arenaviruses. The virus was shown to be most closely related to Sabia virus, but with 26% and 30% nucleotide difference in the S and L segments, and 26%, 28%, 15% and 22% amino acid differences for the L, Z, N, and GP proteins, respectively, indicating the virus represents a newly discovered arenavirus, for which we propose the name Chapare virus. In conclusion, two different arenaviruses, Machupo and Chapare, can be associated with severe HF cases in Bolivia. C1 [Delgado, Simon] Ctr Salud Eterazama, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Erickson, Bobbie R.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Comer, James A.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] Serv Departamental Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Blair, Patrick J.; Olson, James G.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Vargas, Jorge] Ctr Nacl Enfermedades Trop CENETROP, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RP Delgado, S (reprint author), Ctr Salud Eterazama, Cochabamba, Bolivia. EM snichol@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 AR e1000047 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000047 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 294PU UT WOS:000255418800005 PM 18421377 ER PT J AU Nater, UM Youngblood, LS Jones, JF Unger, ER Miller, AH Reeves, WC Heim, C AF Nater, Urs M. Youngblood, Laura Solomon Jones, James F. Unger, Elizabeth R. Miller, Andrew H. Reeves, William C. Heim, Christine TI Alterations in diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm in a population-based sample of cases with chronic fatigue syndrome SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; salivary cortisol; plasma IL-6; diurnal rhythm ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; URINARY FREE CORTISOL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PLASMA CYTOKINES; HEALTHY CONTROLS; CANCER-PATIENTS; STRESS; SLEEP; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Objective: To examine diurnal salivary cortisol rhythms and plasma IL-6 concentrations in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), persons not fulfilling a diagnosis of CFS (we term them cases with insufficient symptoms or fatigue, ISF) and nonfatigued controls (NF). Previous studies of CFS patients have implicated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system in the pathophysiology of CFS, although results have been equivocal. Methods: Twenty-eight people with CFS, 35 persons with ISF, and 39 NF identified from the general population of Wichita, Kansas, were admitted to a research ward for 2 days. Saliva was collected immediately on awakening (6:30 AM), at 08:00 AM, 12 noon, 4:00 Pm, 8:00 Pm and at bedtime (10:00 Pm) and plasma was obtained at 7:30 AM. Salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed using radioimmunoassay, and plasma IL-6 was measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: People with CFS demonstrated lower salivary cortisol concentrations in the morning and higher salivary cortisol concentrations in the evening compared with both ISF and NF groups indicating a flattening of the diurnal cortisol profile. Mean plasma IL-6 concentrations were highest in CFS compared with the other groups, although these differences were no longer significant after controlling for BMI. Attenuated decline of salivary cortisol concentrations across the day and IL-6 concentration were associated with fatigue symptoms in CFS. Conclusions: These results suggest an altered diurnal cortisol rhythm and IL-6 concentrations in CFS cases identified from a population-based sample. C1 [Nater, Urs M.; Youngblood, Laura Solomon; Jones, James F.; Unger, Elizabeth R.; Reeves, William C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect Di, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nater, Urs M.; Miller, Andrew H.; Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect Di, Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcrl@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 62 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 3 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181651025 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 290LD UT WOS:000255123400005 PM 18378875 ER PT J AU Fowler, GL Weintraub, E Kennedy, A Luman, ET Shui, I Khromava, A Kohl, K Gust, DA AF Fowler, G. L. Weintraub, E. Kennedy, A. Luman, E. T. Shui, I. Khromava, A. Kohl, K. Gust, D. A. TI Vaccine safety perceptions and experience with adverse events following immunization in Uzbekistan SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; MOTHERS C1 [Fowler, G. L.; Weintraub, E.; Kennedy, A.; Kohl, K.; Gust, D. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Luman, E. T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shui, I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Khromava, A.] Sanofi Pasteur, Global Pharmacovigilance Dept, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Safety Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akennedy@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 122 IS 4 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.08.008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286BA UT WOS:000254819000012 PM 17961615 ER PT J AU Sornoskovi, A Gutierrez, CM Salfinger, M AF Sornoskovi, Akos Gutierrez, Cristina M. Salfinger, Max TI Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis: novel and nonconventional methods SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NUCLEIC-ACID-AMPLIFICATION; GROWTH INDICATOR TUBE; LINE PROBE ASSAY; REAL-TIME PCR; 3-(4,5-DIMETHYLTHIAZOL-2-YL)-2,5-DIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM BROMIDE; SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA AB The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis must be accelerated and expanded not only in response to the changes in patient populations, but also in fulfillment of the need for shorter turnaround times and increased accuracy that enables conservation of limited healthcare resources. This review describes novel and nonconventional methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Sornoskovi, Akos] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Int Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gutierrez, Cristina M.] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Mycobacteries, Paris, France. [Salfinger, Max] Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur Labs, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Salfinger, M (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur Labs, 4052 Bald Cypress Way,HQ Bin A-15, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM Max-Salfinger@doh.state.fl.us RI Gutierrez, Cristina/B-5597-2012 OI Gutierrez, Cristina/0000-0002-5567-5908 NR 220 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0954-139X EI 1473-5601 J9 REV MED MICROBIOL JI Rev. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1097/MRM.0b013e32830d6046 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 377JS UT WOS:000261248100001 ER PT J AU Speizer, IS Goodwin, MM Samandari, G Kim, SY Clyde, M AF Speizer, Ilene S. Goodwin, Mary M. Samandari, Ghazaleh Kim, Shin Y. Clyde, Maureen TI Dimensions of child punishment in two central American countries: Guatemala and El Salvador SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE child abuse; parenting; domestic violence; Guatemala; El Salvador ID CORPORAL PUNISHMENT; MALTREATMENT; VIOLENCE; BEHAVIOR; ABUSE; WOMEN AB Objective. Severe physical punishment of children is an important issue in international child health and welfare. This study examines such punishment in Guatemala and El Salvador. Methods. Data came from nationally representative surveys of women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-59 residing in Guatemala (2002) and El Salvador (2002-2003). The surveys included questions about punishment experienced during childhood, with response options ranging from verbal scolding to beating. In Guatemala, parents were asked how they disciplined their children; questions allowed them to compare how they were punished in their childhood with how they punished their own children. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are presented. Results. In Guatemala, 35% of women and 46% of men reported being beaten as punishment in childhood; in El Salvador, the figures were 42% and 62%, respectively. In both countries, older participants were relatively more likely than younger participants to have been beaten as children. Witnessing familial violence was associated with an increased risk of being beaten in childhood. In Guatemala, having experienced physical punishment as a child increased the chance that parents would use physical punishment on their own children. Multivariate analyses revealed that women who were beaten in childhood were significantly more likely in both countries to be in a violent relationship. Conclusions. The use of beating to physically punish children is a common problem in Guatemala and El Salvador, with generational and intergenerational effects. Its negative and lingering effects necessitate the introduction of policies and programs to decrease this behavior. C1 [Speizer, Ilene S.; Samandari, Ghazaleh] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Goodwin, Mary M.; Kim, Shin Y.; Clyde, Maureen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Speizer, IS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, 206 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM Ilene_speizer@unc.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 247 EP 256 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302HA UT WOS:000255958200004 PM 18505605 ER PT J AU Amador, JJ Vicari, A Turcios-Ruiz, RM Melendez, AC Malek, M Michel, F Aldighieri, S Kerin, T Bresee, JS Glass, RI Andrus, JK AF Amador, Juan Jose Vicari, Andrea Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M. Melendez D, Ana Christian Malek, Mark Michel, Fabiana Aldighieri, Sylvain Kerin, Tara Bresee, Joseph S. Glass, Roger I. Andrus, Jon K. TI Outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis with high mortality, Nicaragua, 2005 SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; gastroenteritis; epidemiology; rotavirus vaccines; Nicaragua ID VACCINE; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; SAFETY AB Objectives. We investigated a nationwide outbreak of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in Nicaragua in children under 5 years old, leading to many consultations, hospitalizations, and deaths. We questioned whether a vaccine might have prevented these illnesses and deaths, sought to identify risk factors for death, and developed a clinical profile of children hospitalized with diarrhea. Methods. We conducted a case-control study to determine whether children who died had access to routine immunizations, a proxy predicting access to a rotavirus vaccine. We identified risk factors for death among children who died in the outbreak compared with surviving age-matched controls with diarrhea. We collected stools, clinical data, and immunization data on children hospitalized for diarrhea to test for rotavirus, develop the profile, and forecast future access to a rotavirus vaccine. Results. The outbreak from February to April 2005 caused 47 470 consultations and 52 deaths. Approximately 80% of cases and controls and 60% of children hospitalized with diarrhea had access to routine immunizations and would likely have had access to a rotavirus vaccine. With a vaccine efficacy of 85%, up to 51% of severe rotavirus cases and up to 68% of deaths could have been prevented if a rotavirus vaccine were available as part of routine childhood immunizations. Study of 35 case-control pairs indicated that severe illnesses, malnutrition, and care by traditional healers were risk factors for death. Rotavirus was found in 42% of samples from hospitalized children and was associated with severe disease and dehydration. Conclusions. The impact of the seasonal outbreaks of rotavirus disease could be diminished with a rotavirus vaccine, improvements in oral rehydration programs, and training of traditional healers in the proper management of children with acute diarrhea. C1 [Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M.; Malek, Mark; Kerin, Tara; Bresee, Joseph S.; Glass, Roger I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Amador, Juan Jose; Melendez D, Ana Christian] Minist Salud, Managua, Nicaragua. [Vicari, Andrea; Michel, Fabiana; Andrus, Jon K.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Aldighieri, Sylvain] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Turcios-Ruiz, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MailStop K-23, Atlanta, GA USA. EM RTurciosRuiz@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302HA UT WOS:000255958200008 PM 18505609 ER PT J AU Looker, A AF Looker, Anne TI Relationship between body mass index and vitamin D status differs by race and ethnicity SO SALUD I CIENCIA LA Spanish DT Article DE serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D status; obesity; race AB Obesity has been linked to lower serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 125(OH)01 values, but whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity is not clear. This study examines the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and body mass index (BMI) by race and ethnicity in 3 461 women (1 291 non-Hispanic whites, 1 189 non-Hispanic blacks, 981 Mexican Americans) ages 20-49 years from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94). Serum 25(OH)D values were measured with an RIA kit (DiaSorin, Stillwater OK), while BMI was calculated from measured height and weight. BMI was negatively related to serum 25(OH)D in all three groups, but the relationship was noticeably stronger in whites than in blacks or Mexican Americans. Adjusting for confounders reduced, but did not remove, these differences in relationship strength. In conclusion, the serum 25(OH)D-BMI relationship in young adult women varies by race and ethnicity, being stronger in whites than in blacks or Mexican Americans. The basis for this variation requires further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Looker, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ALooker@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC IBEROAMERICANA INFORMACION CIENTIFICA-S I I C PI BUENOS AIRES PA AVE BELGRANO 430-C1092AAR, BUENOS AIRES, 00000, ARGENTINA SN 1667-8982 J9 SALUD CIENC JI Salud Cienc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1350 EP + PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V12MY UT WOS:000207604500008 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Mickey, T Browne, K Kenney, K England, B Blasini-Alcivar, L AF Taylor, Melanie M. Mickey, Tom Browne, Katherine Kenney, Kerry England, Bob Blasini-Alcivar, Lily TI Opportunities for the prevention of congenital syphilis in Maricopa County, Arizona SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Women and Infectious Diseases (ICWID) CY APR 16-18, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA AB Rates of syphilis among women and congenital syphilis have declined nationally since the early 1990s,(1) The National Syphilis Elimination Plan has focused on decreasing racial disparities among syphilis diagnoses.(2) Despite this national emphasis and decreasing rates, congenital syphilis cases continue to be overrepresented in minority populations.(3) Arizona ranked the highest for congenital syphilis (CS) case rates in the United States for the years 2003, 2004, and 2005.(3-5) Despite a steady reduction in primary and secondary syphilis among women in Arizona, rates of CS have remained high. Most of congenital syphilis cases diagnosed in Arizona during the previous 5 years were born in Maricopa County to Hispanic women. Compared to live births, infants born with congenital syphilis in Maricopa County during 19982002 were more likely be born to: mothers of minority race or ethnicity, unmarried mothers, uninsured mothers, and mothers who did not receive prenatal care (PNC).(6) The high rate of CS cases during 2000-2005 prompted us to acquire additional information to identify risk factors that might be used to guide interventions targeting women of childbearing age at risk for syphilis and medical providers in Maricopa County and the rest of Arizona. State health department records were reviewed for cases of congenital syphilis diagnosed in Maricopa County from 2000 to 2005. Demographic variables (maternal age, race, infant date of birth), reason for diagnosis, type of diagnosis (stillbirth vs. live birth), receipt of PNC, and number of PNC visits were collected from health department records and from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Congenital Syphilis (CS) Case Investigation and Report (CDC Form 73.126) submitted for each case. C1 [Taylor, Melanie M.; Browne, Katherine; Kenney, Kerry; Blasini-Alcivar, Lily] Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mickey, Tom; England, Bob] Moricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Taylor, Melanie M.; Browne, Katherine; Kenney, Kerry] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815bb335 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100003 PM 18192931 ER PT J AU van Griensven, F Sanders, EJ AF van Griensven, Frits Sanders, Eduard J. TI Unuderstanding HIV risks among men who have sex with men in Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material AB In this issue of the Journal, Sharma et al.(1) reported the results of focus group discussions regarding HIV risks in relation to emerging group identities, sexual risk taking, and health care usage among 30 men who have sex with men (MSM) from Nairobi, Kenya. This study shows us a rare glimpse into the private lives of Kenyan MSM and the myriad of legal, social, and economic problems confronting MSM in Kenya and likely in many other African countries. These problems include stigma and discrimination, fear of humiliation when accessing health care, concerns about involuntary disclosure of sexual behavior, power differentials between partners in negotiating condom use, fundamental misconceptions about HIV risk, self-medication for sexually transmitted diseases, and low uptake of HIV testing. Because discrimination of MSM is strong in Kenya, the men who came forward to participate in these focus groups are likely a selected population and the problems they discussed may be worse for those outside the focus groups. Obviously, these types of problems are not unique to MSM in Kenya or Africa, but in the African context of strong societal disapproval and risk for legal and other repercussions in case of disclosure they are much more difficult to address. Indeed, in a study among 224 MSM in Kampala, Uganda HIV/ AIDS was given a low priority compared with other concerns and was ranked well behind discrimination and lack of acceptance in society.(2) Findings from the Kenyan and the Uganda studies(1,2) show the urgent need for HIV preventive interventions in African MSM. C1 [van Griensven, Frits] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [van Griensven, Frits] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sanders, Eduard J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Sanders, Eduard J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DDC7 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@th.cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816bf64c PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100007 PM 18362856 ER PT J AU Dinh, TH Sternberg, M Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE AF Dinh, Thu-Ha Sternberg, Maya Dunne, Eileen F. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Genital warts among 18- to 59-year-olds in the United States, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPES; PARTICLE VACCINE; ECONOMIC BURDEN; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB Background: Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); over 90% are due to HPV types 6 and 11. We determined the percentage of persons who reported having been diagnosed with genital warts in the United States from 1999-2004. Methods: We collected genital wart diagnosis history and sociodemographic and sexual behavior data from 8849 sexually active men and women aged 18 to 59 years as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Results: Overall, 5.6% of 18-to 59-year olds reported having ever been diagnosed with genital warts. The percentage was higher in women (7.2%, 95% CI, 6.2%-8.4%) than in men (41%, 95% CI, 3.2%-5.0%). History of genital wart diagnosis peaked among 25- to 34-year-old women (10.4%) and 35- to 44-year-old men (6.0%). Sex, age, race/ethnicity, number of lifetime sex partners, and cocaine/street drug use were associated with genital warts in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: These are the first national data on the burden of genital warts in the United States. The substantial burden of genital warts could be reduced by a prophylactic HPV vaccine to types 6 and 11. C1 [Dinh, Thu-Ha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dinh, Thu-Ha; Sternberg, Maya; Dunne, Eileen F.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dinh, TH (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvt1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181632d61 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100008 PM 18360316 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Weinstock, HS Johnson, RE AF Joesoef, M. Riduan Weinstock, Hillard S. Johnson, Robert E. TI Factors associated with recurrent chlamydial infection and failure to return for retesting in young women entering national job training program, 1998-2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PREVALENCE; PERSISTENT; DETERMINANTS; TRANSMISSION; REINFECTION; COHORT; TRIAL; HIV AB Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with recurrent chlamydial infection and failure to return for retesting in socioeconomically disadvantaged women (aged 16-24 years) entering the National Job Training Program, 1998-2005. Goal: To evaluate sociodemographic characteristics of young women associated with recurrent chlamydial infection. Study Design: We computed chlamydia prevalence at initial visit and recurrent infection (defined as a positive chlamydia test 1-2 months after completing treatment) and percent of infected women who were retested by sociodemographic variables. Results: At entrance, women had a high prevalence of chlamydia infection (10.7%). Chlamydia prevalence varied by age, race/ethnicity, and place of residence (South, Midwest, Northeast, and West), year of test, and type of test. Among women infected at initial visit, younger aged women (16-17 years), blacks and Hispanics, those who resided in the South and Midwest, and those tested in 1998-2000 were less likely to be retested. Of the 13,550 infected women, 5,892 (43.5%) were retested. Of those retested, 332 (5.6%) had recurrent infection 1-2 months after completing treatment. Although chlamydia prevalence at retesting did not differ significantly by sociodemographic characteristics, the pattern of the prevalence was similar to the pattern at the initial test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed similar findings. Conclusions: The high prevalence of recurrent infection in these women may be due to reinfection and/or treatment failure. The findings of this analysis underscore the need for retesting infected women regardless of their demographic characteristics. C1 [Joesoef, M. Riduan; Weinstock, Hillard S.; Johnson, Robert E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, E-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrj1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1097/OLO.0b013e31815ea2bb PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100011 PM 18192930 ER PT J AU Rosenman, MB Tao, GY Szucs, KA Wang, JH Ambuehl, R Mahon, BE AF Rosenman, Marc B. Tao, Guoyu Szucs, Kinga A. Wang, Jianhong Ambuehl, Roberta Mahon, Barbara E. TI Prenatal syphilis screening rates measured using medicaid claims and electronic medical records SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; OUTBREAK; COUNTY; TEXAS; CARE; HIV; OPPORTUNITIES AB Background: To prevent congenital syphilis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and professional organizations recommend universal prenatal syphilis screening. State-level or larger-scale evaluations of adherence to these guidelines have relied on administrative data. We measured prenatal syphilis screening rates in Indiana women with prenatal Medicaid coverage and also used electronic medical records to examine the completeness of syphilis screening claims in Medicaid administrative data. Methods: In statewide Indiana Medicaid claims data, diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify women who delivered an infant between October 1, 1998, and September 30, 2002. Claims for prenatal (that is, during the 40 weeks before and including the delivery date) syphilis screens, including the "obstetric panel" of tests, and for prenatal visits were extracted. A subset of the study population received prenatal care in a large public hospital and its affiliated clinics served by an electronic medical records system. For these women, claims data were compared with laboratory reports. Results: Among 74,188 women with one delivery in Medicaid claims data, 60% had at least 1 prenatal syphilis screening claim, and 15% had 2 or more. Women with continuous Medicaid enrollment during pregnancy or with at least one prenatal visit claim had higher rates. Among the 3960 women for whom Medicaid claims and laboratory data were available, 49.8% had at least one prenatal syphilis screen in Medicaid claims, but 99.3% had at least one laboratory report of a syphilis screen. Conclusions: Measurements made using Medicaid administrative data appear to substantially underestimate true prenatal syphilis screening rates. C1 [Rosenman, Marc B.; Szucs, Kinga A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Rosenman, Marc B.; Wang, Jianhong; Ambuehl, Roberta] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mahon, Barbara E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mahon, Barbara E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Rosenman, MB (reprint author), 410 W 10th St,Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM mrosenma@iupui.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815fa5bb PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100015 PM 18362860 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Zaidi, AA Aral, SO AF Chesson, Harrell W. Zaidi, Akbar A. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Decreasing age disparities in syphili's and gonorrhea incidence rates in the United States, 1981-2005 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; INCARCERATION; INFECTIONS; ALCOHOL; TRENDS; AIDS; HIV AB Background. Compared to older age groups, teenagers and young adults in the United States are at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Although the disparity in STD rates across age groups is well documented, changes in the degree of dis parity in STD rates across age groups over time have not been examined in detail. Methods: We examined age-, sex-, and race-specific incidence rates of syphilis and gonorrhea in the United States (excluding New York owing to incomplete age- and race-specific data) from 1981 to 2005. STD rates in younger age groups (ages 15-29 years) were compared to STD rates in older age groups (ages 40-54 years) for each year over the 25-year period. We used regression analyses to examine the trend in the age rate ratio (STD rate in the younger age group divided by STD rate in the older age group) over time, adjusting for autocorrelation. Results: The age disparity in syphilis and gonorrhea declined from 1981 to 2005. The estimated annual decline in the age rate ratio was 53% for syphilis and 2.0% for gonorrhea for all races overall (P < 0.01). Overall, the age disparity in STD rates was more pronounced for females than males. Conclusions: Future research is needed to clarify the main determinants of the relative decline in STD rates in younger persons and to inform programmatic responses to the changing age disparity in STD rates. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Zaidi, Akbar A.; Aral, Sevgi O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hehesson@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815f39f3 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 286HD UT WOS:000254836100016 PM 18362861 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Welsh, DA Beard, CB Jones, JL Lawrence, GG Fox, MR Crothers, K Morris, A Charbonnet, D Swartzman, A Huang, L AF Davis, J. L. Welsh, D. A. Beard, C. B. Jones, J. L. Lawrence, G. G. Fox, M. R. Crothers, K. Morris, A. Charbonnet, D. Swartzman, A. Huang, L. TI Pneumocystis colonisation is common among hospitalised HIV infected patients with non-Pneumocystis pneumonia SO THORAX LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIAGE; JIROVECII; TRANSMISSION; PREDICTORS; SEQUENCES; THERAPY; DISEASE AB Background: When Pneumocystis DNA is recovered from respiratory specimens of patients without Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), patients are said to be colonised with Pneumocystis, although the significance of this state is unknown. Understanding risk factors for and outcomes of colonisation may provide insights into the life cycle and transmission dynamics of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Methods: We performed a cross sectional study of the prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonisation in 172 HIV infected, PCP negative inpatients undergoing diagnostic evaluation of 183 episodes of pneumonia at either the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans between 2003 and 2005 or San Francisco General Hospital between 2000 and 2005. DNA was extracted from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens and amplified using a nested PCR assay at the mitochondrial large subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA locus. Colonisation was deemed present if Pneumocystis DNA was identified by both gel electrophoresis and direct DNA sequencing. Results: 68% (117/172) of all patients were colonised with Pneumocystis. No strong associations with colonisation were identified for any demographic factors. Among clinical factors, having a CD4+ T cell count <= 50 cells/mu l (unadjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.48; p = 0.031) and using PCP prophylaxis (unadjusted OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.07; p = 0.077) were associated with Pneumocystis colonisation, although the latter association may have been due to chance. After adjustment for CD4+ T cell count, use of PCP prophylaxis was associated with a decreased odds of colonisation (adjusted OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.98; p = 0.045). 11 patients who were colonised were subsequently readmitted for evaluation of a second episode of pneumonia; three were found to be colonised again, but none had PCP. Conclusions: The majority of hospitalised HIV infected patients with non-PCP pneumonia are colonised with Pneumocystis. Failure to use co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and severe immunosuppression are associated with an increase in the odds of colonisation. Pneumocystis colonisation among hospitalised patients does not commonly lead to PCP. C1 [Davis, J. L.; Huang, L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Davis, J. L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div HIV AIDS, San Francisco, CA USA. [Welsh, D. A.; Charbonnet, D.] Louisiana State Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Beard, C. B.; Jones, J. L.; Lawrence, G. G.; Fox, M. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crothers, K.] Yale Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Morris, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Swartzman, A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Ward 84,995 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM Lucian.Davis@ucsf.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01 RR05096-10]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL072117, HL083461, 5T32 HL007185-30, F32 HL088990, F32 HL088990-01, HL072837, K23 HL072117-04, 1F32 HL088990-01, K23 HL072117]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027763-15] NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 4 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1136/thx.2007.088104 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 278MF UT WOS:000254289500009 PM 18024536 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Poe, A Bloland, P McCollum, A Zhou, ZY Shi, YP Ouma, P Otieno, K Vulule, J Escalante, A Udhayakumar, V Slutsker, L AF Hamel, Mary J. Poe, Amanda Bloland, Peter McCollum, Andrea Zhou, Zhiyong Shi, Ya Ping Ouma, Peter Otieno, Kephas Vulule, John Escalante, Ananias Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Slutsker, Laurence TI Dihydrofolate reductase 1164L mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates: clinical outcome of 14 Kenyan adults infected with parasites harbouring the 1164L mutation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; drug resistance; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; mutation; DHFR ID INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE RESISTANCE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; CHLORPROGUANIL-DAPSONE; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; ROUTINE VACCINATIONS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POINT MUTATIONS; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Recently, Plasmodium falciparum bearing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) 1164L was isolated from Africa. Quadruple mutations containing 1164L confer high-level resistance to antifolate antimalarials. We prospectively measured the effect of co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis on P. falciparum antifolate resistance development among HIV-infected persons. HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell count <350cells/mu l (n=692) received CTX; HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell count >= 350 cells/mu l (n=336) and HIV-negative patients (n=132) received multivitamins. Malaria microscopy-positive samples (n=413) and selected microscopy-negative/PCR-positive samples (n = 76) were analysed for DHFR mutations at baseline and during six months follow up. We identified 1164L in 14 patients. Seven were malaria microscopy-positive: two failed sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Among seven microscopy-negative/PCR-positive patients, none developed patent infections with 1164L. 1164L was not associated with high-level SP resistance or poor outcome among adults living where malaria is highly endemic. Surveillance to monitor spread of 1164L is critical, especially among children and pregnant women, who are potentially a source for 1164L amplification. (c) 2008 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamel, Mary J.; Poe, Amanda; Bloland, Peter; McCollum, Andrea; Zhou, Zhiyong; Shi, Ya Ping; Ouma, Peter; Otieno, Kephas; Escalante, Ananias; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Poe, Amanda; McCollum, Andrea; Zhou, Zhiyong] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCollum, Andrea] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hamel, Mary J.; Ouma, Peter; Otieno, Kephas; Vulule, John] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Escalante, Ananias] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), CDC KEMRI Res Stn, Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM mhamel@ke.cdc.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM60740] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 4 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.,01.018 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 289GR UT WOS:000255043500010 PM 18321547 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Fields, PI Tauxe, RV Logsdon, JM AF McQuiston, John R. Fields, Patricia I. Tauxe, Robert V. Logsdon, John M., Jr. TI Do Salmonella carry spare tyres? SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FLAGELLAR PHASE VARIATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-5; ENTERICA SEROVAR; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; CONTROLLING ELEMENT; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; DNA MICROARRAY AB Salmonellae are enterobacteria that have the unique ability to change their flagellar composition by switching expression among two loci that encode the major flagellin protein. This property is not available to all Salmonella, but is species, subspecies and serotype specific. Curiously, the subsequent loss of the second locus in some lineages of Salmonella has apparently been tolerated and, indeed, has led to considerable success for some lineages. We discuss here an evolutionary model for maintenance of this unique function and the possible evolutionary advantages of loss or preservation of this mechanism. We hypothesize that the second flagellin locus is a genetic 'spare tyre' used in particular environmental circumstances. C1 [McQuiston, John R.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Logsdon, John M., Jr.] Emory Univ, Grad Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McQuiston, John R.; Fields, Patricia I.; Tauxe, Robert V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Logsdon, John M., Jr.] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Genom, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Logsdon, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Grad Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM john-logsdon@uiowa.edu RI Logsdon, John/B-7812-2009 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2008.01.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 293PB UT WOS:000255346100003 PM 18375124 ER PT J AU Lee, EHJ Lewis, RF Makumbi, I Kekitiinwa, A Ediamu, TD Bazibu, M Braka, F Flannery, B Zuber, PL Feikin, DR AF Lee, Ellen Hyun-Ju Lewis, Rosamund F. Makumbi, Issa Kekitiinwa, Adeodata Ediamu, Tom D. Bazibu, Monic Braka, Fiona Flannery, Brendan Zuber, Patrick L. Feikin, Daniel R. TI Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine is highly effective in the Ugandan routine immunization program: a case-control study SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b; vaccine effectiveness; meningitis; Uganda ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; UNITED-STATES; HIB DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENINGITIS; EFFICACY; TETANUS; INFECTIONS AB Objective To study the effectiveness of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination program in Uganda. Methods Case-control study of Hib vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis. Cases were children hospitalized with Hib meningitis confirmed by culture and/or latex agglutination. Cases were identified retrospectively from July 2002 to July 2004, and prospectively from July 2004 to July 2005. Each case-patient was matched by age to three neighbourhood and three hospital controls; all children were eligible to receive Hib vaccine through the routine schedule. Vaccine effectiveness was evaluated by conditional logistic regression, controlling for confounding variables. Results We enrolled 41 cases; their median age was 6 months. Only six (15%) cases, all HIV-negative, had received >= 2 doses of Hib vaccine, compared with 64% of neighbourhood controls and 70% of hospital controls. Controlling for maternal education, the only variable which remained in the multivariable model, vaccine effectiveness for two or three doses vs. no dose was 99% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 92-100%] and 96% (95% CI 80-100%) when cases were compared with neighbourhood and hospital controls, respectively. Conclusion In Uganda, Hib vaccine was highly effective in the context of the routine immunization schedule. Sustained routine use of Hib vaccine will contribute to the prevention of childhood morbidity and mortality. C1 [Lee, Ellen Hyun-Ju; Flannery, Brendan; Feikin, Daniel R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, Ellen Hyun-Ju] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lewis, Rosamund F.; Ediamu, Tom D.; Bazibu, Monic; Braka, Fiona] WHO, Kampala, Uganda. [Makumbi, Issa] Minist Hlth, Ugandan Natl Expanded Programme Immunisat, Kampala, Uganda. [Kekitiinwa, Adeodata] Mulago Natl Referral Hosp, Dept Paediat, Kampala, Uganda. [Zuber, Patrick L.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lee, EHJ (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, 125 Worth St,CN-22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ellelee@hotrmail.com NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02027.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 287YY UT WOS:000254954600008 PM 18312475 ER PT J AU Roberts, A Lamirande, EW Vogel, L Jackson, JP Paddock, CD Guarner, J Zaki, SR Sheahan, T Baric, R Subbarao, K AF Roberts, Anjeanette Lamirande, Elaine W. Vogel, Leatrice Jackson, Jadon P. Paddock, Christopher D. Guarner, Jeannette Zaki, Sherif R. Sheahan, Timothy Baric, Ralph Subbarao, Kanta TI Animal models and vaccines for SARS-CoV infection SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SARS coronavirus; BALB/c; C57BL/6; 129S6 mice; hamsters; ferrets; non-human primates; vaccines; FIPV; enhanced disease; urbani; HKU-39849; Frankfurt 1; GD03T0013 ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS RSV; GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; PERITONITIS VIRUS; BALB/C MICE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SPIKE PROTEIN AB We summarize findings of SARS-CoV infections in several animal models each of which support viral replication in lungs accompanied by histopathological changes and/or clinical signs of illness to varying degrees. New findings are reported on SARS-CoV replication and associated pathology in two additional strains (C57BL/16 and 129S6) of aged mice. We also provide new comparative data on viral replication and associated pathology following infection of golden Syrian hamsters with various SARS-CoV strains and report the levels of neutralizing antibody titers following these infections and the cross-protective efficacy of infection with these strains in protecting against heterologous challenge. Finally, we summarize findings of a variety of vaccine approaches and discuss the available in vitro and in vivo data addressing the potential for disease enhancement following re-infection in animals previously vaccinated against or infected with SARS-CoV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roberts, Anjeanette; Lamirande, Elaine W.; Vogel, Leatrice; Jackson, Jadon P.; Subbarao, Kanta] NIH, NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Paddock, Christopher D.; Guarner, Jeannette; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activity, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sheahan, Timothy; Baric, Ralph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sheahan, Timothy; Baric, Ralph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIH, NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000934-05] NR 78 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 133 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.025 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 290TP UT WOS:000255145400004 PM 17499378 ER PT J AU Barikamp, B Hodge, G McChesney, MB Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Barikamp, Bettina Hodge, Gregory McChesney, Michael B. Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI Genetic changes that affect the virulence of measles virus in a rhesus macaque model SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; cell culture adaptation; pathogenesis; rhesus; attenuation ID EDMONSTON VACCINE LINEAGE; VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; WILD-TYPE; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; V-PROTEIN; C-PROTEIN; HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VERO CELLS; INTERGENIC DINUCLEOTIDE AB To identify genetic changes that lead to the attenuation of measles virus (MV), a strain of MV that is pathogenic in rhesus macaques was adapted to grow in Vero cells, Vero/hSLAM cells and, to simulate the process used to derive live attenuated vaccines, in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Comparison of the complete genomic sequences of the pathogenic wild-type (Davis87-wt) and four cell culture-adapted strains derived from it showed complete conservation of sequence in the Vero/hSLAM-passaged virus. Viruses adapted to Vero cells and CEF had predicted amino acid changes in the nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, V protein, C protein, matrix protein, and the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin protein. All four cell culture-adapted strains, including the Vero/hSLAM cell-passaged virus, were able to productively infect Vero cells, but the peak viral titers differed. The Vero cell-adapted strains were unable to replicate in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing CD46, indicating that they had not adapted to use the CD46 receptor. The Vero/hSLAM cell-passaged virus retained pathogenicity in rhesus macaques as measured by the appearance of a skin rash while the Vero cell-adapted and CEF-adapted strains had lost the ability to cause a rash. There were no significant differences in viral titers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells among monkeys infected with any of the viral stocks tested. These results identify a limited number of genetic changes in the genome of MV that lead to attenuation in vivo. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barikamp, Bettina; Bellini, William J.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meales Mumps Rubella & Herpes Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hodge, Gregory; McChesney, Michael B.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hodge, Gregory; McChesney, Michael B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hodge, Gregory; McChesney, Michael B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Barikamp, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meales Mumps Rubella & Herpes Viruses Lab Branch, Stop C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbankamp@cdc.gov NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2008 VL 373 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.025 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 279JA UT WOS:000254350300005 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Sablan, M Stokley, S McCauley, MM Shaw, KM AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Sablan, Mariana Stokley, Shannon McCauley, Mary M. Shaw, Kate M. TI Impact of methodological "shortcuts" in conducting public health surveys: Results from a vaccination coverage survey SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Background: Lack of methodological rigor can cause survey error, leading to biased results and suboptimal public health response. This study focused on the potential impact of 3 methodological "shortcuts" pertaining to field surveys: relying on a single source for critical data, failing to repeatedly visit households to improve response rates, and excluding remote areas. Methods: In a vaccination coverage survey of young children conducted in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in July 2005, 3 sources of vaccination information were used, multiple follow-up visits were made, and all inhabited areas were included in the sampling frame. Results are calculated with and without these strategies. Results: Most children had at least 2 sources of data; vaccination coverage estimated from any single source was substantially lower than from all sources combined. Eligibility was ascertained for 79% of households after the initial visit and for 94% of households after follow-up visits; vaccination coverage rates were similar with and without follow-up. Coverage among children on remote islands differed substantially from that of their counterparts on the main island indicating a programmatic need for locality-specific information; excluding remote islands from the survey would have had little effect on overall estimates due to small populations and divergent results. Conclusion: Strategies to reduce sources of survey error should be maximized in public health surveys. The impact of the 3 strategies illustrated here will vary depending on the primary outcomes of interest and local situations. Survey limitations such as potential for error should be well-documented, and the likely direction and magnitude of bias should be considered. C1 [Luman, Elizabeth T.; Stokley, Shannon; McCauley, Mary M.; Shaw, Kate M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sablan, Mariana] Commonwealth No Mariana Islands, Div Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov; mariana@pticom.com; ZMA2@cdc.gov; ZMF5@cdc.gov; ATK6@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 27 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 99 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-99 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 296QS UT WOS:000255561500002 PM 18371195 ER PT J AU Russell, P Paulozzi, L Gilchrist, J Toblin, R AF Russell, P. Paulozzi, L. Gilchrist, J. Toblin, R. TI Unintentional strangulation deaths from the "choking game" among youths aged 6-19 years - United States, 1995-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 141-144, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHILDREN C1 [Russell, P.] MultiCare Hlth Syst, Tacoma, WA USA. [Toblin, R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Russell, P (reprint author), MultiCare Hlth Syst, Tacoma, WA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 12 BP 1418 EP 1421 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278MY UT WOS:000254292200006 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Barfield, WD AF Adams, Melissa M. Barfield, Wanda D. TI The future of very preterm infants - Learning from the past SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; BIRTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTCOMES; POPULATION; GESTATION; CHILDREN; TRENDS C1 [Adams, Melissa M.] RTI Int, Chron & Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Barfield, Wanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adams, MM (reprint author), RTI Int, Chron & Infect Dis Program, 2951 Flowers Rd S,Ste 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM madams@rti.org NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 12 BP 1477 EP 1478 DI 10.1001/jama.299.12.1477 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278MY UT WOS:000254292200024 PM 18364492 ER PT J AU Manning, SD Motiwala, AS Springman, AC Qi, W Lacher, DW Ouellette, LM Mlaclonicky, JM Somsel, P Rudrik, JT Dietrich, SE Zhang, W Swaminathan, B Alland, D Whittam, TS AF Manning, Shannon D. Motiwala, Alifiya S. Springman, A. Cody Qi, Weihong Lacher, David W. Ouellette, Lindsey M. Mlaclonicky, Janice M. Somsel, Patricia Rudrik, James T. Dietrich, Stephen E. Zhang, Wei Swaminathan, Bala Alland, David Whittam, Thomas S. TI Variation in virulence among clades of Escherichia coli O3157 : H7, associated with disease outbreaks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pathogens; polymorphisms; population genetics ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; O157-H7 INFECTIONS; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; MASSIVE OUTBREAK; SAKAI CITY; STRAINS; SEQUENCE; HUMANS AB Escherichia coli O157:H7, a toxin-producing food and waterborne bacterial pathogen, has been linked to large outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness for more than two decades. E. coli O157 causes a wide range of clinical illness that varies by outbreak, although factors that contribute to variation in disease severity are poorly understood. Several recent outbreaks involving O157 contamination of fresh produce (e.g., spinach) were associated with more severe disease, as defined by higher hemolytic uremic syndrome and hospitalization frequencies, suggesting that increased virulence has evolved. To test this hypothesis, we developed a system that detects SNPs in 96 loci and applied it to >500 E. coli O157 clinical strains. Phylogenetic analyses identified 39 SNP genotypes that differ at 20% of SNP loci and are separated into nine distinct clades. Differences were observed between clades in the frequency and distribution of Shiga toxin genes and in the type of clinical disease reported. Patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome were significantly more likely to be infected with clade 8 strains, which have increased in frequency over the past 5 years. Genome sequencing of a spinach outbreak strain, a member of clade 8, also revealed substantial genomic differences. These findings suggest that an emergent subpopulation of the clade 8 lineage has acquired critical factors that contribute to more severe disease. The ability to detect and rapidly genotype O157 strains belonging to such lineages is important and will have a significant impact on both disease diagnosis and treatment guidelines. C1 [Manning, Shannon D.; Springman, A. Cody; Qi, Weihong; Lacher, David W.; Ouellette, Lindsey M.; Mlaclonicky, Janice M.; Whittam, Thomas S.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Motiwala, Alifiya S.; Alland, David] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Infect Dis, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Somsel, Patricia; Rudrik, James T.; Dietrich, Stephen E.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Zhang, Wei] IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Swaminathan, Bala] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whittam, TS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM whittam@msu.ed RI Guttman, David/A-7839-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI049353, N01-AI-30058, N01AI30058] NR 55 TC 245 Z9 253 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 12 BP 4868 EP 4873 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710834105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 285JI UT WOS:000254772700060 PM 18332430 ER PT J AU Jadhao, SJ Achenbach, J Swayne, DE Donis, R Cox, N Matsuoka, Y AF Jadhao, Samadhan J. Achenbach, Jenna Swayne, David E. Donis, Ruben Cox, Nancy Matsuoka, Yumiko TI Development of Eurasian H7N7/PR8 high growth reassortant virus for clinical evaluation as an inactivated pandemic influenza vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; pandemic; H7N7/PR8 vaccine ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; HUMAN ILLNESS; H5N1 VIRUSES; MOUSE MODEL; IMMUNOGENICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; OUTBREAK AB Avian-to-human transmission of the high pathogenicity (HP) H7N7 subtype avian influenza viruses in the Netherlands during 2003 caused zoonotic infections in 89 people, including a case of acute fatal respiratory distress syndrome. Public health emergency preparedness against H7N7 avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. includes the development of vaccine candidate viruses. In order to develop a high growth reassortant vaccine candidate virus, tow pathogenicity (LP) A/mallard/Netherlands/12/2000 (H7N3) and A/mattard/Netherlands/2/2000 (H10N7) strains were selected as donors of the H7 haemagglutinin and N7 neuraminidase genes, respectively. The donor viruses exhibited high amino acid sequence homology with the surface glycoproteins of A/Netherlands/219/03 H7N7 virus (NL219), an isolate recovered from the fatal human case. Adhering to the seasonal influenza vaccine licensure regulations, we generated a H7N7/PR8 reassortant containing desired surface glycoprotein genes from the mallard viruses and internal genes of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 human vaccine strain (H1N1). Antigenic analysis revealed that the vaccine candidate virus confers broad antigenic cross-reactivity against contemporary Eurasian and the North American H7 subtype human isotates. Mice immunized with formalin inactivated (FI) H7N7/PR8 whole virus vaccine with or without aluminum hydroxide adjuvant conferred clinical protection from mortality and reduced pulmonary replication of the NL219 challenge virus. The A H7N7/PR8 whole virus vaccine also afforded cross-protection in mice at the pulmonary level against antigenically distinct North American LP A/Canada/444/04 (H7N3) human isolate. The vaccine candidate virus satisfied the agricultural safety requirements for chickens, proved safe in mice, and has entered in phase-I human clinical trial in the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jadhao, Samadhan J.; Achenbach, Jenna; Donis, Ruben; Cox, Nancy; Matsuoka, Yumiko] Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Matsuoka, Y (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, 33 North Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Samadhan.Jadhao@ars.usda.gov; MatsuokaY@niaid.nih.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 14 BP 1742 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.036 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 283RV UT WOS:000254655100005 PM 18336962 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ Bridges, CB Euler, GL Singleton, JA AF Lu, Pengjun Bridges, Carolyn B. Euler, Gary L. Singleton, James A. TI Influenza vaccination of recommended adult populations, US, 1989-2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; HCW; vaccination; coverage; trends; ACIP ID HIGH-RISK ADULTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PERSONS; WORKING ADULTS; PREGNANCY AB Objective: To assess influenza vaccination coverage among recommended adult populations in the United States. Methods: Data from the 1989 to 2005 National Health Interview Surveys (NHISs), weighted to reflect the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. population, were analyzed to determine self-reported levels of influenza vaccination among persons aged >= 65 years, persons with high-risk conditions, health care workers (HCW), pregnant women, and persons Living in households with at least one identified person at high risk of complications from influenza infection. We stratified data by race/ethnicity to identify racial/ethnic disparities. Results: Vaccination coverage levels among all. recommended adult populations peaked in 2004, then declined in 2005 in association with the 2004-2005 vaccine shortage. Coverage for adults 65 years of age increased from 30.1% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 28.8-31.3) in 1989 to 70.0% (68.0-71.5) in 2004. In 2004, coverage was 40.7% (39.0-42.5) for all adults 50-64 years, 27.2% (24.6-29.9) for adults aged 18-49 years with high-risk conditions, 43.2% (39.9-46.6) for health care workers, 21.1% (19.1-23.4) for non-high-risk adults aged 18-64 years with a high-risk household member, and 14.4% (8.8-22.9) for pregnant women. Among each of the recommended adult sub-groups, vaccination coverage was higher for non-Hispanic whites compared to minority groups. Conclusions: By 1997, influenza vaccination coverage had exceeded the national 2000 objective of 60% among persons aged >= 65 years, but by 2004 still remains wet[ below the national 2010 target of 90%. Coverage levels for other groups targeted for influenza vaccination also are far short of the Healthy People 2000 and 2010 goats of 60% for persons aged 18-64 years with high-risk conditions, health care workers, and pregnant women. A concerted effort to increase provider adoption of standards for adult immunization, public awareness, and stable vaccine supplies are needed to improve influenza vaccination rates among recommended groups, and to reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, Pengjun; Euler, Gary L.; Singleton, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bridges, Carolyn B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plu@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 130 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 14 BP 1786 EP 1793 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.040 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 283RV UT WOS:000254655100010 PM 18336965 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Dillon, RT Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Dillon, Robert T., Jr. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Freshwater snails (Mollusca : Gastropoda) from the Commonwealth of Dominica with a discussion of their roles in the transmission of parasites SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cephalopods - A Behavioral Perspective CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE Biomphalaria; Gundlachia; Helisoma; Physa; West Indies ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; HELISOMA-TRIVOLVIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ISLAND; INFECTION; CERCARIAE; FEVER; DNA AB We collected six species of freshwater snails from Dominica, including Biomphalaria kuhniana (Clessin, 1883), Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828), Helisoma (=Planorbella) trivolvis (Say, 1817), Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774), Neritina punctulata Lamarck, 1816, and Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828. Our collections indicate that un-reported species such as G. radiata and H. trivolvis are established on Dominica, West Indies. We tested a limited number of M. tuberculata for rickettsial pathogens, Neorickettsia spp., but did not identify this agent. Three species of snails previously reported from Dominica, Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848), and Thiara granifera (Lamarck, 1822), were not collected. Our data suggest that B. glabrata has not re-emerged as a prominent component of the freshwater snail fauna since it disappeared or was locally eradicated. In addition, previous reports of B. straminea were probably misidentifications of B. kuhniana, and some abnormally large specimens of M. tuberculata from Freshwater Lake could be misidentified as T. granifera. Our sampling was not adequate to demonstrate that T. granifera was absent from Dominica. We determined that B. kuhniana was not eradicated by previous molluscan control regimes. Additional studies on the relationships of freshwater snails in Dominica to helminths of animals and humans are needed to understand the public and veterinary health significance of these snails. C1 [Reeves, Will K.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Dillon, Robert T., Jr.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Agr Bldg,Room 5031, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu; dillonr@cofc.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 EI 2162-2698 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 286TZ UT WOS:000254870200008 ER PT J AU Kilian, A Byamukama, W Pigeon, O Atieli, F Duchon, S Phan, C AF Kilian, Albert Byamukama, Wilson Pigeon, Olivier Atieli, Francis Duchon, Stephan Phan, Chi TI Long-term field performance of a polyester-based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net in rural Uganda SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WASH-RESISTANCE; TREATED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM; IMPREGNATED BEDNET; FORMULATION; PERMETHRIN; INTENSITY; DISTRICT; STRATEGY AB Background: In order to evaluate whether criteria for LLIN field performance (phase III) set by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme are met, first and second generations of one of these products, PermaNet (R), a polyester net using the coating technology were tested. Methods: A randomized, double blinded study design was used comparing LLIN to conventionally treated nets and following LLIN for three years under regular household use in rural conditions. Primary outcome measures were deltamethrin residue and bioassay performance (60 minute knock-down and 24 hour mortality after a three minute exposure) using a strain of Anopheles gambiae s. s. sensitive to pyrethroid insecticides. Results: Baseline concentration of deltamethrin was within targets for all net types but was rapidly lost in conventionally treated nets and first generation PermaNet (R) with median of 0.7 and 2.5 mg/m(2) after six months respectively. In contrast, second generation PermaNet (R) retained insecticide well and had 41.5% of baseline dose after 36 months (28.7 mg/m(2)). Similarly, vector mortality and knockdown dropped to 18% and 70% respectively for first generation LLIN after six months but remained high (88.5% and 97.8% respectively) for second generation PermaNet (R) after 36 months of follow up at which time 90.0% of nets had either a knockdown rate >= 95% or mortality rate >= 80%. Conclusion: Second generation PermaNet r showed excellent results after three years of field use and fulfilled the WHOPES criteria for LLIN. Loss of insecticide on LLIN using coating technology under field conditions was far more influenced by factors associated with handling rather than washing. C1 [Kilian, Albert] Malaria Consortium, London EC2A 4JX, England. [Kilian, Albert] German Tech Cooperat, Dept Hlth Educ Social Secur, Eschborn, Germany. [Byamukama, Wilson] Dist Hlth Serv Kabarole Dist, Ft Portal, Uganda. [Pigeon, Olivier] Ctr Wallon Rech Agron CRAW, Dept Phytopharm, Gembloux, Belgium. [Atieli, Francis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Atieli, Francis] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Duchon, Stephan] IRD, LIN, Montpellier, France. [Phan, Chi] Vestergaard Frandsen Qual Control Labs, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Kilian, A (reprint author), Malaria Consortium, Dev House,56-64 Leonard St, London EC2A 4JX, England. EM a.kilian@malariaconsortium.org; wilsonbyamukama@yahoo.com; pigeon@cra.wallonie.be; Fatieli@kisian.mimcom.net; Stephane.Duchon@mpl.ird.fr; vfhl1@hn.vnn.vn NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-49 PG 22 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 292QG UT WOS:000255280600001 PM 18355408 ER PT J AU Reingold, A Hadler, J Farley, MM Harrison, L Lynfield, R Lexau, C Bennett, N Thomas, A Craig, AS Smith, PJ Beall, B Whitney, CG Moore, M Pilishvili, T AF Reingold, A. Hadler, J. Farley, M. M. Harrison, L. Lynfield, R. Lexau, C. Bennett, N. Thomas, A. Craig, A. S. Smith, P. J. Beall, B. Whitney, C. G. Moore, M. Pilishvili, T. TI Invasive pneumococcal disease in children 5 years after conjugate vaccine introduction - Eight states, 1998-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 144-148, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; DECLINE C1 [Reingold, A.] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Hadler, J.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Farley, M. M.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Farley, M. M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrison, L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Maryland Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lynfield, R.; Lexau, C.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Bennett, N.] Monroe Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. [Thomas, A.] Dept Human Svcs, Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Salem, OR USA. [Craig, A. S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Smith, P. J.] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beall, B.; Whitney, C. G.; Moore, M.; Pilishvili, T.] CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reingold, A (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 11 BP 1253 EP 1255 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 275NO UT WOS:000254079100009 ER PT J AU Rimmer, JH Wolf, LA Armour, BS Sinclair, LB AF Rimmer, J. H. Wolf, L. A. Armour, B. S. Sinclair, L. B. TI Physical activity among adults with a disability - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1021-1024, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SECONDARY CONDITIONS; PEOPLE C1 [Rimmer, J. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Disabil & Human Dev, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Wolf, L. A.; Armour, B. S.; Sinclair, L. B.] CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Birth Defects Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rimmer, JH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Disabil & Human Dev, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 11 BP 1255 EP 1256 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 275NO UT WOS:000254079100010 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, Katherine M. Graubard, Barry I. Williamson, David F. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Cardiovascular risk factors, mortality, and overweight - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.; Gail, Mitchell H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williamson, David F.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1261 DI 10.1001/jama.299.11.1261-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 275NO UT WOS:000254079100016 ER PT J AU Rollins, SM Peppercorn, A Young, JS Drysdale, M Baresch, A Bikowski, MV Ashford, DA Quinn, CP Handfield, M Hillman, JD Lyons, CR Koehler, TM Calderwood, SB Ryan, ET AF Rollins, Sean M. Peppercorn, Amanda Young, John S. Drysdale, Melissa Baresch, Andrea Bikowski, Margaret V. Ashford, David A. Quinn, Conrad P. Handfield, Martin Hillman, Jeffrey D. Lyons, C. Rick Koehler, Theresa M. Calderwood, Stephen B. Ryan, Edward T. TI Application of In Vivo Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT) to Bacillus anthracis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB In vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is an immuno-screening technique that identifies bacterial antigens expressed during infection and not during standard in vitro culturing conditions. We applied IVIAT to Bacillus anthracis and identified PagA, seven members of a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase autolysin family, three P60 family lipoproteins, two transporters, spore cortex lytic protein SleB, a penicillin binding protein, a putative prophage holin, respiratory nitrate reductase NarG, and three proteins of unknown function. Using quantitative real-time PCR comparing RNA isolated from in vitro cultured B. anthracis to RNA isolated from BALB/c mice infected with virulent Ames strain B. anthracis, we confirmed induced expression in vivo for a subset of B. anthracis genes identified by IVIAT, including L-alanine amidases BA3767, BA4073, and amiA (pXO2-42); the bacteriophage holin gene BA4074; and pagA (pXO1-110). The exogenous addition of two purified putative autolysins identified by IVIAT, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases BA0485 and BA2446, to vegetative B. anthracis cell suspensions induced a species-specific change in bacterial morphology and reduction in viable bacterial cells. Many of the proteins identified in our screen are predicted to affect peptidoglycan re-modeling, and our results support significant cell wall structural remodeling activity during B. anthracis infection. Identification of L-alanine amidases with B. anthracis specificity may suggest new potential therapeutic targets. C1 [Rollins, Sean M.; Peppercorn, Amanda; Young, John S.; Baresch, Andrea; Bikowski, Margaret V.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Ryan, Edward T.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Drysdale, Melissa; Lyons, C. Rick] Univ New Mexico Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Drysdale, Melissa; Koehler, Theresa M.] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Ashford, David A.] USDA, APHIS, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Handfield, Martin] Univ Florida, Coll Dentist, Ctr Mol Microbiol, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hillman, Jeffrey D.] Oragenics Inc, Alachua, FL USA. [Calderwood, Stephen B.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Calderwood, Stephen B.; Ryan, Edward T.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Ryan, Edward T.] Harvard Sch Public Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. RP Rollins, SM (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM srollins1@partners.org OI Rollins, Sean/0000-0002-3724-1989 FU New England Regional Center of Excellence/Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Career Development Award [U54 AI057159]; [AI053442]; [N01-A1-40053]; [T32 AI07061]; [DE13523]; [U54 AI057156]; [AI33537] FX This research was supported by AI053442 and N01-A1-40053 (ETR); U54 AI057159 (SBC); T32 AI07061 (AP), a New England Regional Center of Excellence/Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Career Development Award U54 AI057159 (SMR), DE13523 (MH), U54 AI057156 (TMK and CRL) and AI33537 (TMK). NR 54 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 AR e1824 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001824 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 370KY UT WOS:000260762300026 PM 18350160 ER PT J AU Wang, SA AF Wang, Susan A. TI Higher gonorrhea rates among African Americans than among white persons in the United States - Reply SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 18 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 6 BP 482 EP 483 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 279KT UT WOS:000254354800013 ER PT J AU Davila, JC Payne, DC Zhang, Y Rose, CE Aranas, A Hill, AN Ruscio, B McNeil, MM AF Davila, Jill C. Payne, Daniel C. Zhang, Yujia Rose, Charles E., Jr. Aranas, Aaron Hill, Andrew N. Ruscio, Bruce McNeil, Michael M. TI Quality assessment of nonanthrax vaccination data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS), 1998-2004 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE data quality; military vaccine surveillance; vaccine safety ID SAFETY AB We assessed nonanthrax vaccination data quality in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) during 1998-2004. We sampled servicemembers' medical charts at 28 Military Treatment Facilities and estimated the agreement between DMSS electronic and medical chart vaccination data, conditional on the data in the medical charts. Our analysis included 3831 individuals who received 39,305 nonanthrax vaccine doses. Yellow fever vaccine category had the highest conditional sensitivity for exact date match (83.4%; 95% CI = 80.1, 86.3); most vaccine categories' conditional sensitivities improved over time. Our study suggests DMSS vaccination data may be acceptable for post-marketing vaccine safety studies for certain vaccines and timeframes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davila, Jill C.; Zhang, Yujia; Hill, Andrew N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ruscio, Bruce] US Dept Def, TRICARE Management Activ, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS-C25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmm2@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 282UL UT WOS:000254592600008 PM 18295379 ER PT J AU Qin, C Hsia, J Berg, CJ AF Qin, Cheng Hsia, Jason Berg, Cynthia J. TI Variation between last-menstrual-period and clinical lestimates of gestational age in vital records SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational age; pregnancy ID PRETERM DELIVERY RATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; GROWTH; RACE AB An accurate assessment of gestational age is vital to population-based research and surveillance in maternal and infant health. However, the quality of gestational age measurements derived from birth certificates has been in question. Using the 2002 US public-use natality file, the authors examined the agreement between estimates of gestational age based on the last menstrual period (LMP) and clinical estimates in vital records across durations of gestation and US states and explored reasons for disagreement. Agreement between the LMP and the clinical estimate of gestational age varied substantially across gestations and among states. Preterm births were more likely than term births to have disagreement between the two estimates. Maternal age, maternal education, initiation of prenatal care, order of livebirth, and use of ultrasound had significant independent effects on the disagreement between the two measures, regardless of gestational age, but these factors made little difference in the magnitude of gestational age group differences. Information available on birth certificates was not sufficient to understand this disparity. The lowest agreement between the LMP and the clinical estimate was observed among preterm infants born at 28-36 weeks' gestation, who accounted for more than 90% of total preterm births. This finding deserves particular attention and further investigation. C1 [Qin, Cheng; Hsia, Jason; Berg, Cynthia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Qin, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM caq9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 6 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm345 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 278NI UT WOS:000254293200004 PM 18182378 ER PT J AU Rohs, AM Lockey, JE Dunning, KK Shukla, R Fan, HH Hilbert, T Borton, E Wiot, J Meyer, C Shipley, RT LeMasters, GK Kapil, V AF Rohs, Amy M. Lockey, James E. Dunning, Kari K. Shukla, Rakesh Fan, Huihao Hilbert, Tim Borton, Eric Wiot, Jerome Meyer, Cristopher Shipley, Ralph T. LeMasters, Grace K. Kapil, Vikas TI Low-level fiber-induced radiographic changes caused by Libby vermiculite - A 25-year follow-up study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vermiculite; pleural disease; amphiboles; fibrosis; mineral fiber ID ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASE; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; EXPOSURE; MINERS; MORTALITY; MONTANA; MILLERS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MORBIDITY AB Rationale From 1921 to 1990, vermiculite ore from Libby, Montana, was shipped worldwide for commercial and residential use. A 1980 study of a manufacturing facility using Libby vermiculite was the first to demonstrate a small but significant prevalence of pleural chest radiographic changes associated with amphibole fibers contained in the ore. Objectives: This follow-up study of the original cohort evaluated the extent of radiographic changes and cumulative fiber exposure (CFE) 25 years after cessation of exposure. Methods: From the original cohort of 513 workers, 431 (84%) were living and available for participation and exposure reconstruction. Of these, 280 (65%) completed both chest radiographs and interviews. Primary outcomes were pleural and/or interstitial changes. Measurements and Main Results: Pleural and interstitial changes were demonstrated in 80 (28.7%) and 8 (2.9%) participants, respectively. Of those participants with low lifetime CFE of less than 2.21 fiber/cc-years, 42 (20%) had pleural changes. A significant (P < 0.001) exposure-response relationship of pleural changes with CFE was demonstrated, ranging from 7.1 to 54.3% from the lowest to highest exposure quartile. Removal of individuals with commercial asbestos exposure did not alter this trend. Conclusions: This study indicates that exposure within an industrial process to Libby vermiculite ore is associated with pleural thickening at low lifetime CFE levels. The propensity of the Libby amphibole fibers to dramatically increase the prevalence of pleural changes 25 years after cessation of exposure at low CFE levels is a concern in view of the wide national distribution of this ore for commercial and residential use. C1 [Rohs, Amy M.; Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Pulm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rohs, Amy M.; Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Dunning, Kari K.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Rehabil Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Wiot, Jerome; Meyer, Cristopher; Shipley, Ralph T.] Univ Cincinnati Hosp, Dept Radiol & Diagnost Imaging, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kapil, Vikas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lockey, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Pulm, 3223 Eden Ave,ML 0056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM james.lockey@uc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10957]; PHS HHS [U50/ATU573006S] NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 6 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1164/rccm.200706-841OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 272IB UT WOS:000253852000012 PM 18063841 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Wingo, PA Zack, MM Zahran, HS King, JB AF Richardson, Lisa C. Wingo, Phyllis A. Zack, Matthew M. Zahran, Hatice S. King, Jessica B. TI Health-related quality of life in cancer survivors between ages 20 and 64 years - Population-based estimates from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE activity limitations; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; cancer survivors; health-related quality of life; healthy days measures; population-based estimates ID TEACHABLE MOMENT; CARE; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; COSTS AB BACKGROUND. The authors examined the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cancer survivors between ages 20 and 64 years by using a population-based survey of individuals who had activity limitations caused by cancer. METHODS. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2000 to 2002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine HRQOL among respondents who reported activity limitations because of cancer. HRQOL was measured by using the CDCs Healthy Days Measures, including self-rated health status, numbers of unhealthy physical and mental health days, and activity limitation. HRQOL was compared among the following groups: those who reported no activity limitations and those who were limited primarily by cardiovascular conditions, emotional problems, and cancer. Taylor-series linearization methods were used to calculate population-based estimates in this complex sample survey. RESULTS. Individuals between ages 20 and 64 years who were limited by cancer reported poorer HRQOL measured as higher prevalence of poor or fair self-reported health, more physically unhealthy days, more painful days, and more inadequate sleep days. Compared with the group that had no activity limitations, the individuals who had limitations were more likely to be women and to have annual household incomes <$25,000. They were more likely to be unable to work and to have health insurance. In addition, they were more likely to be former smokers and to be overweight, but they were less likely to participate in leisure-time physical activity. CONCLUSIONS. Overall, respondents between ages 20 and 64 years who reported being limited primarily by cancer reported lower HRQOL. They also reported unhealthy behaviors that were detrimental to improved HRQOL. The HRQOL and lifestyle modification needs of this population need to be examined prospectively to help decrease their burden of suffering. C1 [Richardson, Lisa C.; King, Jessica B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wingo, Phyllis A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zack, Matthew M.; Zahran, Hatice S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1380 EP 1389 DI 10.1002/cncr.23291 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 274QP UT WOS:000254016200023 PM 18219664 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE Iskander, JK Chen, RT Neff, J Birkhead, GS Poland, G Gray, GC Siegel, J Sepkowitz, K Robertson, RM Yancy, C Guerra, FA Gardner, P Modlin, JF Maurer, T Berger, T Flanders, WD Shope, R AF Chapman, Louisa E. Iskander, John K. Chen, Robert T. Neff, John Birkhead, Guthrie S. Poland, Gregory Gray, Gregory C. Siegel, Jane Sepkowitz, Kent Robertson, Rose Marie Yancy, Clyde Guerra, Fernando A. Gardner, Pierce Modlin, John F. Maurer, Toby Berger, Tim Flanders, W. Dana Shope, Robert TI A process for sentinel case review to assess causal relationships between smallpox vaccination and adverse outcomes, 2003-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ANTHRAX VACCINE; DRUG-REACTIONS; SAFETY; VAERS; MYOPERICARDITIS; SURVEILLANCE; MYOCARDITIS; COMMITTEE AB The US Department of Defense requested that the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-Armed Forces Epidemiological Board joint Smallpox Vaccine Safety Working Group define the likelihood that smallpox vaccination played a causal role in the fatal illness of an Army reservist. Reported serious adverse events for which there was no a priori reason to discount the existence of a causal association with smallpox vaccine were reviewed to assess whether they were signals of constellations of vaccine-associated adverse events. A causal relationship between the immunization experience and the index patient's death was favored, but the implication of an individual vaccine was precluded. No new smallpox vaccine-associated clinical syndromes were identified. The data supported neutrality regarding the hypothesis that dilated cardiomyopathy was causally associated with smallpox vaccine-induced myocarditis. This review of sentinel cases augmented the ongoing safety review process and was transparent, but it shares limitations with other case-based causality-assessment methods. C1 [Chapman, Louisa E.; Iskander, John K.; Chen, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Neff, John] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Neff, John] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] SUNY Albany, New York City Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Sepkowitz, Kent] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Gardner, Pierce] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Poland, Gregory] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. [Siegel, Jane; Yancy, Clyde] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Robertson, Rose Marie] Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX USA. [Guerra, Fernando A.] San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. [Shope, Robert] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Robertson, Rose Marie] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Modlin, John F.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH USA. [Berger, Tim] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, MS E-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lec3@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S271 EP S293 DI 10.1086/524750 PG 23 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000015 PM 18284368 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE Mootrey, GT Neff, LJ AF Chapman, Louisa E. Mootrey, Gina T. Neff, Linda J. TI Vaccination against smallpox in the posteradication era - Introduction SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED STATES 1963; COMPLICATIONS; VACCINIA; EVENTS AB The following introduction describes the context in which the national smallpox vaccination program was implemented and highlights the significance of the key policy, programmatic, or scientific challenges, observations, and lessons learned that are presented in the articles that follow within this supplement to Clinical Infectious Diseases. Although the execution of this national program posed multiple complex and varied challenges, the focus of this supplement is on vaccine-associated adverse events and vaccine safety. C1 [Chapman, Louisa E.; Mootrey, Gina T.; Neff, Linda J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E 52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lec3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S153 EP S156 DI 10.1086/524379 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000001 PM 18284354 ER PT J AU Glasser, JW Foster, SO Millar, JD Lane, JM AF Glasser, John W. Foster, Stanley O. Millar, J. Donald Lane, J. Michael TI Evaluating public health responses to reintroduced smallpox via dynamic, socially structured, and spatially distributed metapopulation models SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WEST-PAKISTAN; VACCINATION; SPREAD; POPULATIONS AB The risk of smallpox reintroduction has motivated preparations in potential target countries. After reproducing the spatiotemporal pattern after the 1972 importation into Yugoslavia via coupled, biologically realistic systems of ordinary differential equations, we developed dynamic population models with current US age distributions and typical spatially distributed social structures. Surveillance and containment (S&C) coupled with vaccination of 95% of hospital-based health care workers (HCWs) within 2 days after the first diagnosis (estimated to be 18 days after aerosol release) were modeled after simulated exposure of 10, 50, or 10,000 people in various settings. If 90% of patients were isolated within days after symptom onset and 75% of contacts were vaccinated and monitored, S&C would reduce cases by 82%-99%. Preemptive immunization of HCWs, closing of schools, and even vaccination of as many as 80% within 1 week would have small marginal benefits. Preparations should emphasize stockpiling vaccine, training HCWs, improving laboratory capacity, and fostering an understanding of S&C. C1 [Glasser, John W.; Lane, J. Michael] Emory Univ, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Foster, Stanley O.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Millar, J. Donald] Don Millar & Associates, Murrayville, GA USA. RP Glasser, JW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jglasser@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S182 EP S194 DI 10.1086/524382 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000005 PM 18284358 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Birkhead, GS Kenyan, K Abellera, J Lemmings, J AF Hutchins, Sonja S. Birkhead, Guthrie S. Kenyan, Kristin Abellera, John Lemmings, Jennifer CA Council State Territorial Epidemio TI Public health surveillance for suspected smallpox in the United States, 2003-2005: Results of a national survey SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2005, a Web-based survey of chief epidemiologists of 50 states, the District of Columbia, 9 large cities, and 8 territories examined the status of US smallpox surveillance after the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists recommended that smallpox be reportable. Of 55 respondents, 95% reported state or territory laws or regulations governing smallpox reporting; 70% of states required laboratories to report variola virus. All respondents could investigate reported suspected patients; 70%-89% would investigate initially by telephone or fax. In 2004, 11 states reported 33 patients suspected of having smallpox. Reports were more likely in states that provided >= 2 educational and training sessions (67% vs. 21%; prevalence odds ratio, 7.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-60.45). The goal is a public health surveillance system in which all states, cities, and territories can detect and manage suspected smallpox cases urgently and in which overall surveillance for other infectious diseases is strengthened. C1 [Hutchins, Sonja S.; Kenyan, Kristin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Abellera, John; Lemmings, Jennifer] Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-67,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sshl@cdc.gov OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S204 EP S211 DI 10.1086/524743 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000007 PM 18284360 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Sulemana, I Heilpern, KL Schaffner, W Wax, G Lerner, EB Watson, B Baltimore, R Waltenburg, RA Aronsky, D Coffin, S Ng, G Craig, AS Behrman, A Meek, J Sherman, E Chavez, SS Harpaz, R Schmid, S AF Hutchins, Sonja S. Sulemana, Iddrisu Heilpern, Katherine L. Schaffner, William Wax, Gary Lerner, E. Brooke Watson, Barbara Baltimore, Robert Waltenburg, Rachel A. Aronsky, Dominik Coffin, Susan Ng, Gladys Craig, Allen S. Behrman, Amy Meek, James Sherman, Eileen Chavez, Sandra S. Harpaz, Rafael Schmid, Scott TI Performance of an algorithm for assessing smallpox risk among patients with rashes that may be confused with smallpox SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VARICELLA VACCINE; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB After the 2001 anthrax bioterror attacks, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed an algorithm to evaluate patients rapidly for suspected smallpox. A prospective, multicenter study examined the performance of this algorithm in assessing patients with an acute, generalized vesicular or pustular rash (AGVPR) admitted to emergency departments and inpatient units of 12 acute-care hospitals in 6 states. Of 26,747 patients (3.5% of all admissions) with rashlike conditions screened, 89 (1.2 patients per 10,000 admissions) had an AGVPR. Physicians or study staff classified none of 73 enrolled patients as being at high risk for having smallpox; 72 (99%) were classified as being at low risk, and I was classified as being at moderate risk. The discharge diagnosis for 55 (75%) of these 73 participants was varicella illness. Use of the algorithm did not result in misclassification of AGVPR as high risk for smallpox. The algorithm is a highly specific tool for clinical evaluation of suspected smallpox disease. C1 [Hutchins, Sonja S.; Sulemana, Iddrisu; Chavez, Sandra S.; Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schmid, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Heilpern, Katherine L.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Aronsky, Dominik] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Aronsky, Dominik] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Wax, Gary] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lerner, E. Brooke] Univ Rochester, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Watson, Barbara; Sherman, Eileen] Hosp Univ Penn, City Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Coffin, Susan] Hosp Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Behrman, Amy] Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Baltimore, Robert; Ng, Gladys; Meek, James] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-67,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sshl@cdc.gov OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S195 EP S203 DI 10.1086/524383 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000006 PM 18284359 ER PT J AU Kroger, A Vellozzi, C Deming, M Casey, CG Wen, XJ Norton, SA AF Kroger, Andrew Vellozzi, Claudia Deming, Michael Casey, Christine G. Wen, Xiaojun Norton, Scott A. TI Dermatological lesions near the smallpox vaccination site after scab detachment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Lesions arising after scab detachment at the smallpox vaccination site have been described in the medical literature. We investigated reports of postscab lesions among US civilian volunteers vaccinated against smallpox from January through August 2003. We conducted enhanced surveillance, using a standard questionnaire, for reports of skin lesions appearing at or near the smallpox vaccination site after scab detachment. We identified 21 reports; 19 of the case patients responded to our questionnaire. The lesions (scab and/or fluid) of 7 case patients were tested for vaccinia virus by use of polymerase chain reaction and/or immunohistochemistry; all were found to be negative. We contacted 18 case patients I I months after the initial lesion appearance; 10 (56%) of the 18 reported having another lesion appear after the initial postscab lesion had resolved. Lesions were heterogeneous in morphology, clinical appearance, and histology. The evidence from our case series and follow-up suggests that these lesions are self-limited, without significant clinical sequelae. C1 [Kroger, Andrew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vellozzi, Claudia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deming, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Casey, Christine G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wen, Xiaojun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wen, Xiaojun] Northrop Grumman Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Norton, Scott A.] Watler Reed Natl Mil Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kroger, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Akroger@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S227 EP S233 DI 10.1086/524746 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000010 PM 18284363 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Roper, MH Sperling, L Schieber, RA Heffelfinger, JD Casey, CG Miller, JW Santibanez, S Herwaldt, B Hightower, P Moro, PL Hibbs, BF Levine, NH Chapman, LE Iskander, J Lane, JM Wharton, M Mootrey, GT Swerdlow, DL AF Morgan, Juliette Roper, Martha H. Sperling, Laurence Schieber, Richard A. Heffelfinger, James D. Casey, Christine G. Miller, Jacqueline W. Santibanez, Scott Herwaldt, Barbara Hightower, Paige Moro, Pedro L. Hibbs, Beth F. Levine, Nancy H. Chapman, Louisa E. Iskander, John Lane, J. Michael Wharton, Melinda Mootrey, Gina T. Swerdlow, David L. CA Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Event Mo TI Myocarditis, pericarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy after smallpox vaccination among civilians in the United States, January-October 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; FATAL MYOCARDITIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; MYOPERICARDITIS; VACCINIA; EXPERIENCE AB Myocarditis was reported after smallpox vaccination in Europe and Australia, but no association had been reported with the US vaccine. We conducted surveillance to describe and determine the frequency of myocarditis and/or pericarditis (myo/pericarditis) among civilians vaccinated during the US smallpox vaccination program between January and October 2003. We developed surveillance case definitions for myocarditis, pericarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy after smallpox vaccination. We identified 21 myo/pericarditis cases among 37,901 vaccinees (5.5 per 10,000); 18 (86%) were revacinees, 14 (67%) were women, and the median age was 48 years (range, 25-70 years). The median time from vaccination to onset of symptoms was 11 days (range, 2-42 days). Myo/pericarditis severity was mild, with no fatalities, although 9 patients (43%) were hospitalized. Three additional vaccinees were found to have dilated cardiomyopathy, recognized within 3 months after vaccination. We describe an association between smallpox vaccination, using the US vaccinia strain, and myo/pericarditis among civilians. C1 [Morgan, Juliette; Roper, Martha H.; Schieber, Richard A.; Heffelfinger, James D.; Casey, Christine G.; Miller, Jacqueline W.; Santibanez, Scott; Herwaldt, Barbara; Hightower, Paige; Moro, Pedro L.; Hibbs, Beth F.; Levine, Nancy H.; Chapman, Louisa E.; Iskander, John; Lane, J. Michael; Wharton, Melinda; Mootrey, Gina T.; Swerdlow, David L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sperling, Laurence] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LEC3@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S242 EP S250 DI 10.1086/524747 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000012 PM 18284365 ER PT J AU Ortega-Sanchez, IR Sniadack, MM Mootrey, GT AF Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Sniadack, Mercedes M. Mootrey, Gina T. TI Economics of cardiac adverse events after smallpox vaccination: Lessons from the 2003 US vaccination program SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MYOPERICARDITIS; STRATEGIES; THERAPY; DISEASE AB Of >39,000 civilian public health responders vaccinated against smallpox in 2003, 203 reported cardiovascular adverse events (CAEs). An association exists between the US vaccinia strain and myocarditis and/or pericarditis ("myo/pericarditis" [MP]). Other associations are inconclusive. We used surveillance and follow-up survey data of CAE case patients to estimate the resources used during the 2003 smallpox vaccination program and used a probabilistic model to estimate the potential costs of CAEs in a mass vaccination campaign. For every million adult vaccinees, 3001 CAEs (including 351 MP cases) would occur, with >92% in revaccinees. CAEs would require a median of 5934 outpatient visits, 1786 emergency department visits, 533 days in general wards, 132 days in intensive care units, 5484 cardiac enzymes tests, 3504 electrocardiograms, 3049 chemistry tests, 2828 complete blood counts, and 1444 transthoracic echocardiograms, among other procedures. CAEs would reduce productivity (15,969 work days lost) and cost $11 per vaccinee. In a mass vaccination campaign, the care of a sizable number of CAEs would be resource intensive. C1 [Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.; Sniadack, Mercedes M.; Mootrey, Gina T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sniadack, Mercedes M.] Logist Hlth, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Ortega-Sanchez, IR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM IOrtegaSanchez@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S168 EP S178 DI 10.1086/524380 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000003 PM 18284356 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Seward, JF AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Seward, Jane F. CA Smallpox Vaccine Pregnancy Registr TI Pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes from the national smallpox vaccine in pregnancy registry, 2003-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES AB When the United States implemented civilian and military smallpox vaccination programs in 2003, the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry was established to better evaluate outcomes after the inadvertent vaccination of pregnant women. Women were referred to the registry by vaccine administrators, health care providers, or state health departments or through self-referral. Registry professionals actively follow up with all enrolled women and collect data on pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes. As of September 2006, pregnancy outcome data were available from 376 women. Most (77%) were vaccinated near the time of conception, before results of a standard pregnancy test would have been positive. To date, outcome evaluations have not revealed higher-than-expected rates of pregnancy loss (11.9%), preterm birth (10.7%), or birth defects (2.8%), compared with those in healthy referent populations. No cases of fetal vaccinia have been identified. The Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry continues to actively enroll women and follow infant and early-childhood health outcomes. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S221 EP S226 DI 10.1086/524744 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000009 PM 18284362 ER PT J AU Sniadack, MM Neff, LJ Swerdlow, DL Schieber, RA McCauley, MM Mootrey, GI AF Sniadack, Mercedes M. Neff, Linda J. Swerdlow, David L. Schieber, Richard A. McCauley, Mary M. Mootrey, Gina I. TI Follow-up of cardiovascular adverse events after smallpox vaccination among civilians in the United States, 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYOPERICARDITIS AB Limited information exists regarding intermediate or long-term consequences of cardiac adverse events (CAEs) after smallpox vaccination. We conducted follow up at 5-12 months after vaccination of 203 US civilian vaccinees who reported a possible CAE. Among 31 of the 33 with confirmed CAEs, at least I health-related quality-of-life change persisted for similar to 48%; similar to 87% missed work (average, 11.5 days). Among 168 of the 170 case patients with other reported cardiovascular conditions, at least I health-related quality-of-life change persisted for similar to 40%; almost 49% missed work (average, 10.2 days). Almost all vaccinees with possible CAEs were working the same number of hours at follow-up compared with before vaccination. Although intermediate-term con-. sequences among possible postvaccination CAEs were not considered serious, lost days of work and a decline in health-related quality of life at the time of follow-up were common, resulting in personal economic and quality-of-life burden. C1 [Sniadack, Mercedes M.; Neff, Linda J.; Schieber, Richard A.; McCauley, Mary M.; Mootrey, Gina I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Swerdlow, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Zoonosis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sniadack, Mercedes M.] Logist Hlth, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Neff, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS D-08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LEN2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S251 EP S257 DI 10.1086/524741 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000013 PM 18284366 ER PT J AU Strikas, RA Neff, LJ Rotz, L Cono, J Knutson, D Henderson, J Orenstein, WA AF Strikas, Raymond A. Neff, Linda J. Rotz, Lisa Cono, Joanne Knutson, Donna Henderson, Joseph Orenstein, Walter A. TI US civilian smallpox preparedness and response program, 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION AB Variola virus, the cause of smallpox disease, has been deemed a possible bioterrorism agent. Since November 2001, federal, state, and local public health partners implemented activities to prepare for a possible smallpox outbreak. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced and delivered training and educational materials for smallpox preparedness in many formats, developed detailed smallpox vaccine information statements about vaccine contraindications and vaccination site care, and established mechanisms to monitor and respond to adverse events after smallpox vaccination. The last included enhancements to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, a pregnancy registry for inadvertently vaccinated pregnant women, and a Clinician Telephone Information Line to collect reports about adverse events. The civilian responder vaccination program was conducted with rigorous safety procedures, and few historically recognized adverse events were observed. However, myocarditis and/or pericarditis was newly recognized as an adverse event caused by the New York City Board of Health vaccinia vaccine strain. This smallpox preparedness program put into place a number of measures to advance the United States' readiness for a smallpox outbreak that have assisted in preparedness for other threats. C1 [Strikas, Raymond A.] US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Neff, Linda J.; Rotz, Lisa; Cono, Joanne; Knutson, Donna; Henderson, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Strikas, RA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, 200 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM Raymond.Strikas@psc.hhs.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S157 EP S167 DI 10.1086/524751 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000002 PM 18284355 ER PT J AU Swerdlow, DL Roper, MH Morgar, J Schieber, RA Sperling, LS Sniadack, MM Neff, L Miller, JW Curtis, CR Marin, ME Iskander, J Moro, P Hightower, P Levine, NH McCauley, M Heffelfinger, J Damon, I Torok, TJ Wharton, M Mast, EE Mootrey, GT AF Swerdlow, David L. Roper, Martha H. Morgar, Juliette Schieber, Richard A. Sperling, Laurence S. Sniadack, Mercedes M. Neff, Linda Miller, Jacqueline W. Curtis, Christine R. Marin, Mona E. Iskander, John Moro, Pedro Hightower, Paige Levine, Nancy H. McCauley, Mary Heffelfinger, James Damon, Inger Torok, Thomas J. Wharton, Melinda Mast, Eric E. Mootrey, Gina T. CA Smallpox Vaccine Cardiac Adverse E TI Ischemic cardiac events during the department of health and human services smallpox vaccination program, 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED STATES 1963; FATAL MYOCARDITIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; COMPLICATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATIONS AB Ten ischemic cardiac events (ICEs) were reported among 37,901 initial US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) smallpox vaccinees. Symptoms developed a median of 10 days after vaccination (range, 028 days). The median age of case patients was 56 years (range, 42-65 years), and 60% were mate. Seven (70%) of the case patients had >= 3 cardiac risk factors or probable coronary artery disease before vaccination. Two women, 55 and 57 years of age, experienced acute myocardial infarction and fatal cardiac arrests. Background rates of ICEs during a 3-week period for civilian populations that were age and sex matched to DHHS vaccinees were estimated. The observed number of myocardial infarctions exceeded estimated expectations (5 vs. 2) but remained within the 95% predictive interval (PI) (0.6-5.4). New onset angina was observed significantly less frequently than estimated expectations (I vs. 10; 95% PI, 3.5-15.7). After persons with >= 3 cardiac risk factors or known heart disease were deferred from vaccination, no ICEs were reported among an additional 6638 vaccinees. C1 [Damon, Inger] Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Swerdlow, David L.; Roper, Martha H.; Morgar, Juliette; Schieber, Richard A.; Sniadack, Mercedes M.; Neff, Linda; Miller, Jacqueline W.; Curtis, Christine R.; Marin, Mona E.; Iskander, John; Moro, Pedro; Hightower, Paige; Levine, Nancy H.; McCauley, Mary; Heffelfinger, James; Torok, Thomas J.; Wharton, Melinda; Mast, Eric E.; Mootrey, Gina T.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring & Res, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sperling, Laurence S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Sect Prevent Cardiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sperling, Laurence S.] Logistics Hlth, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DLS3@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S234 EP S241 DI 10.1086/524745 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000011 PM 18284364 ER PT J AU Thomas, TN Reef, S Neff, L Sniadack, MM Mootrey, GI AF Thomas, Tracy N. Reef, Susan Neff, Linda Sniadack, Mercedes M. Mootrey, Gina I. TI A review of the smallpox active surveillance system SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED STATES 1963; VACCINATION; COMPLICATIONS AB In response to concern about smallpox possibly being used as a biological weapon, the President of the United States launched the National Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program on 13 December 2002. Given safety concerns, identifying potentially serious adverse events (SAEs) was an essential tool of the program. To monitor for SAEs, both enhanced passive surveillance and active surveillance systems were used. The enhanced passive system was built, in part, on the existing Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; the active system was implemented 24 January 2003. During January 2003-May 2005, the active system detected only 1 SAE in addition to those reported through the enhanced passive system. Furthermore, the active system was not universally used by states. With the enhancements to passive surveillance, the performance of enhanced passive surveillance was comparable to that of active surveillance. However, an active surveillance system may be important when there is no enhanced passive surveillance system available. C1 [Thomas, Tracy N.; Reef, Susan; Neff, Linda; Sniadack, Mercedes M.; Mootrey, Gina I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thomas, Tracy N.] Constella Grp, Durham, NC USA. [Sniadack, Mercedes M.] Logist Hlth, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Reef, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ser2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S212 EP S220 DI 10.1086/524742 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000008 PM 18284361 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Cronin, JP Agrawal, A Tonazzi, JCL Adams, L Ashley, K Brisson, MJ Duran, B Whitney, G Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM Robbins, J White, KT AF Agrawal, Anoop Cronin, John P. Agrawal, Akshay Tonazzi, Juan C. L. Adams, Lori Ashley, Kevin Brisson, Michael J. Duran, Brandy Whitney, Gary Burrell, Anthony K. McCleskey, T. Mark Robbins, James White, Kenneth T. TI Extraction and optical fluorescence method for the measurement of trace beryllium in soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE DETERMINATION; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE; REAGENT; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; ION; AIR AB Beryllium metal and beryllium oxide are important industrial materials used in a variety of applications in the electronics, nuclear energy, and aerospace industries. These materials are highly toxic, they must be disposed of with care, and exposed workers need to be protected. Recently, a new analytical method was developed that uses dilute ammonium bifluoride for extraction of beryllium and a high quantum yield optical fluorescence reagent to determine trace amounts of beryllium in airborne and surface samples. The sample preparation and analysis procedure was published by both ASTM International and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The main advantages of this method are its sensitivity, simplicity, use of lower toxicity materials, and low capital costs. Use of the technique for analyzing soils has been initiated to help meet a need at several of the U.S. Department of Energy legacy sites. So far this work has mainly concentrated on developing a dissolution protocol for effectively extracting beryllium from a variety of soils and sediments so that these can be analyzed by optical fluorescence. Certified reference materials (CRM) of crushed rock and soils were analyzed for beryllium content using fluorescence, and results agree quantitatively with reference values. C1 [Agrawal, Anoop; Cronin, John P.; Agrawal, Akshay; Tonazzi, Juan C. L.; Adams, Lori] Berylliant Inc, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Ashley, Kevin] NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Brisson, Michael J.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Duran, Brandy; Whitney, Gary; Burrell, Anthony K.; McCleskey, T. Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [White, Kenneth T.] Virginia Beach, Consult Serv, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), Berylliant Inc, 4541 E Fort Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM aagrawal@qwest.net; aagrawal@qwest.net RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2066 EP 2071 DI 10.1021/es702481h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273QV UT WOS:000253947700045 PM 18409638 ER PT J AU Benson, VS Patnick, J Davies, AK Nadel, MR Smith, RA Atkin, WS AF Benson, Victoria S. Patnick, Julietta Davies, Anna K. Nadel, Marion R. Smith, Robert A. Atkin, Wendy S. CA Int Colorectal Canc Screening N TI Colorectal cancer screening: A comparison of 35 initiatives in 17 countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE colonoscopy; colorectal cancer screening; fecal occult blood test; flexible sigmoidoscopy; geographic variation ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BASE-LINE FINDINGS; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; MORTALITY; PREVENTION AB Although in its infancy, organized screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general population is increasing at regional and national levels. Documenting and describing these initiatives is critical to identifying, sharing and promoting best practice in the delivery of CRC screening. Subsequently, the International Colorectal Cancer Screening Network (ICRCSN) was established in 2003 to promote best practice in the delivery of organized screening programs. The initial aim was to identify and document organized screening initiatives that commenced before May 2004. Each identified initiative was sent 1 questionnaire per screening modality: fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy or total colonoscopy. Information was collected on screening methodology, testing details and initiative status. In total, 35 organized initiatives were identified in 17 countries, including 10 routine population-based screening programs, 9 pilots and 16 research projects. Fecal occult blood tests were the most frequently used screening modality, and total colonoscopy was seldom used as a primary screening test. The eligible age for screening ranged from 40 years old to no upper limit; most initiatives included participants aged 50 to 64. Recruitment was usually done by a mailed invitation or during a visit to a family physician. In conclusion, this is the first investigation describing the delivery of CRC screening protocols to various populations. The work of the ICRCSN is enabling valuable information to be shared and a common nomenclature to be established. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Atkin, Wendy S.] NW London Hosp Trust, St Marks Hosp, Canc Res UK Colorectal Canc Unit, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. [Benson, Victoria S.; Patnick, Julietta] Univ Oxford, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Patnick, Julietta] NHS Canc Screening Programmes, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Davies, Anna K.] UCL, Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Nadel, Marion R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smith, Robert A.] Amer Canc Soc, Canc Control Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Atkin, WS (reprint author), NW London Hosp Trust, St Marks Hosp, Canc Res UK Colorectal Canc Unit, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. EM wendy.atkin@eancer.org.uk OI Atkin, Wendy/0000-0001-9073-9658 NR 20 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1357 EP 1367 DI 10.1002/ijc.23273 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 264QE UT WOS:000253302800021 PM 18033685 ER PT J AU Henderson, H AF Henderson, Heather TI Direct and indirect zoonotic transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; WHITE-TAILED DEER; O157-H7 INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DAIRY FARMS; SEAWEED EXTRACT; UNITED-STATES; TASCO-FORAGE; TALL FESCUE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Div Community Hlth & Prevent Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Henderson, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 114 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 6 BP 848 EP 859 DI 10.2460/javma.232.6.848 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 274KQ UT WOS:000254000600016 PM 18341438 ER PT J AU Pagliusi, S Lawson, H Singer, A Monsonego, J AF Pagliusi, Sonia Lawson, Herschel Singer, Albert Monsonego, Joseph TI EUROGIN 2007 Patient Education Conference: Sharing experiences and action in cervical cancer prevention - an overview - Part 2 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article C1 [Pagliusi, Sonia; Monsonego, Joseph] EUROGIN, F-75017 Paris, France. [Lawson, Herschel] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singer, Albert] Whittington Hosp, London N19 5NF, England. [Pagliusi, Sonia] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Monsonego, J (reprint author), EUROGIN, 174 Rue Courcelles, F-75017 Paris, France. EM jm@eurogin.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 26 SU 1 BP A33 EP A36 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.075 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 285HA UT WOS:000254766700008 PM 18642460 ER PT J AU Fazio, D Laufer, A Meek, J Palumbo, J Lynfield, R Morin, C Vick, K Baumbach, J Mueller, M Belflower, R Long, C Kamimoto, L AF Fazio, D. Laufer, A. Meek, J. Palumbo, J. Lynfield, R. Morin, C. Vick, K. Baumbach, J. Mueller, M. Belflower, R. Long, C. Kamimoto, L. TI Influenza-testing and antiviral-agent prescribing practices Connecticut, Minnesota, New Mexico, and New York, 2006-07 influenza season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 61-65, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Fazio, D.; Laufer, A.; Meek, J.; Palumbo, J.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lynfield, R.; Morin, C.; Vick, K.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Belflower, R.; Long, C.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Kamimoto, L.] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fazio, D (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1129 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272CE UT WOS:000253835000009 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS Polakowski, LL AF Akinbami, L. J. Saydah, S. H. Eberhardt, M. S. Polakowski, L. L. TI Racial disparities in diabetes mortality among persons aged 1-19 years - United States, 1979-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1184-1187, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MELLITUS C1 [Polakowski, L. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 10 BP 1129 EP 1130 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272CE UT WOS:000253835000010 ER PT J AU Bern, C Moore, A Rassi, A Marin-Neto, JA Maguire, JH AF Bern, Caryn Moore, Anne Rassi, Anis, Jr. Marin-Neto, Jose Antonio Maguire, James H. TI Organ transplantation and Chagas disease - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Bern, Caryn; Moore, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rassi, Anis, Jr.] Anis Rassi Hosp, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Marin-Neto, Jose Antonio] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Maguire, James H.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cxb9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 10 BP 1134 EP 1135 DI 10.1001/jama.299.10.1134-b PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272CE UT WOS:000253835000015 ER PT J AU Ferdinands, JM Crawford, CAG Greenwald, R Van Sickle, D Hunter, E Teague, WG AF Ferdinands, Jill M. Crawford, Carol A. Gotway Greenwald, Roby Van Sickle, David Hunter, Eric Teague, W. Gerald TI Breath acidification in adolescent runners exposed to atmospheric pollution: A prospective, repeated measures observational study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; CONDENSATE PH; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; INHALED BUDESONIDE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; EXHALED MARKERS; OZONE EXPOSURE; CHILDREN AB Background: Vigorous outdoors exercise during an episode of air pollution might cause airway inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vigorous outdoor exercise during peak smog season on breath pH, a biomarker of airway inflammation, in adolescent athletes. Methods: We measured breath pH both pre- and post-exercise on ten days during peak smog season in 16 high school athletes engaged in daily long-distance running in a downwind suburb of Atlanta. The association of post-exercise breath pH with ambient ozone and particulate matter concentrations was tested with linear regression. Results: We collected 144 pre- exercise and 146 post-exercise breath samples from 16 runners (mean age 14.9 years, 56% male). Median pre- exercise breath pH was 7.58 (interquartile range: 6.90 to 7.86) and did not change significantly after exercise. We observed no significant association between ambient ozone or particulate matter and post-exercise breath pH. However both pre- and post-exercise breath pH were strikingly low in these athletes when compared to a control sample of 14 relatively sedentary healthy adults and to published values of breath pH in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Although we did not observe an acute effect of air pollution exposure during exercise on breath pH, breath pH was surprisingly low in this sample of otherwise healthy long-distance runners. We speculate that repetitive vigorous exercise may induce airway acidification. C1 [Ferdinands, Jill M.; Van Sickle, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crawford, Carol A. Gotway] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Greenwald, Roby; Hunter, Eric; Teague, W. Gerald] Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Emory Pediat Asthma Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Van Sickle, David] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ferdinands, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zdn5@cdc.gov; cdg7@cdc.gov; roby.greenwald@emory.edu; dvansickle@gmail.com; eric.hunter@emory.edu; wteague@emory.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [5 U48 DP000043-02, U48 DP000043] NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD MAR 7 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-10 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 291FK UT WOS:000255178800001 PM 18328105 ER PT J AU Palacios, G Druce, J Du, L Tran, T Birch, C Briese, T Conlan, S Quan, P Hui, J Marshall, J Simons, JF Egholm, M Paddock, CD Shieh, W Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Catton, M Lipkin, WI AF Palacios, Gustavo Druce, Julian Du, Lei Tran, Thomas Birch, Chris Briese, Thomas Conlan, Sean Quan, Phenix-Lan Hui, Jeffrey Marshall, John Simons, Jan Fredrik Egholm, Michael Paddock, Christopher D. Shieh, Wun-Ju Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Zaki, Sherif R. Catton, Mike Lipkin, W. Ian TI A new arenavirus in a cluster of fatal transplant-associated diseases SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROGRAM AB Background: Three patients who received visceral-organ transplants from a single donor on the same day died of a febrile illness 4 to 6 weeks after transplantation. Culture, polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and serologic assays, and oligonucleotide microarray analysis for a wide range of infectious agents were not informative. Methods: We evaluated RNA obtained from the liver and kidney transplant recipients. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing was used to identify microbial sequences not found by means of other methods. The specificity of sequences for a new candidate pathogen was confirmed by means of culture and by means of PCR, immunohistochemical, and serologic analyses. Results: High-throughput sequencing yielded 103,632 sequences, of which 14 represented an Old World arenavirus. Additional sequence analysis showed that this new arenavirus was related to lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses. Specific PCR assays based on a unique sequence confirmed the presence of the virus in the kidneys, liver, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of the recipients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed arenavirus antigen in the liver and kidney transplants in the recipients. IgM and IgG antiviral antibodies were detected in the serum of the donor. Seroconversion was evident in serum specimens obtained from one recipient at two time points. Conclusions: Unbiased high-throughput sequencing is a powerful tool for the discovery of pathogens. The use of this method during an outbreak of disease facilitated the identification of a new arenavirus transmitted through solid-organ transplantation. C1 [Palacios, Gustavo; Briese, Thomas; Conlan, Sean; Quan, Phenix-Lan; Hui, Jeffrey; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Druce, Julian; Tran, Thomas; Birch, Chris; Marshall, John; Catton, Mike] Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Du, Lei; Simons, Jan Fredrik; Egholm, Michael] 454 Life Sci, Branford, CT USA. [Paddock, Christopher D.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM mike.catton@mh.org.au; wil2001@columbia.edu RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL083850]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI062705, U01AI070411, U54AI57158] NR 16 TC 339 Z9 357 U1 1 U2 15 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 6 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 10 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa073785 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 269JG UT WOS:000253644700003 PM 18256387 ER PT J AU Bretous, LM Cole, DA Dunn, JR Williams, C Salyers, M Rupprecht, CE Daley, WR Christian, KA AF Bretous, L. M. Cole, D. A. Dunn, J. R. Williams, C. Salyers, M. Rupprecht, C. E. Daley, W. R. Christian, K. A. TI Public health response to a rabid kitten - Four states, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1337-1340, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; CATS C1 [Bretous, L. M.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Rupprecht, C. E.] CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Daley, W. R.] CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Christian, K. A.] CDC, EIS Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bretous, LM (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 5 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 9 BP 1009 EP 1011 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 269JH UT WOS:000253644800010 ER PT J AU King, M Bailey, C AF King, M. Bailey, C. TI Carbon monoxide-related deaths - United States, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1309-1312, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [King, M.; Bailey, C.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP King, M (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 5 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 9 BP 1011 EP 1012 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 269JH UT WOS:000253644800011 ER PT J AU Baron, PA Estill, CF Deye, GJ Hein, MJ Beard, JK Larsen, LD Dahlstrom, GE AF Baron, Paul A. Estill, Cherie F. Deye, Gregory J. Hein, Misty J. Beard, Jeremy K. Larsen, Lloyd D. Dahlstrom, Gregory E. TI Development of an aerosol system for uniformly depositing bacillus anthracis spore particles on surfaces SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD; NONPOROUS SURFACES; CONTAMINATION; RECOVERY; EVALUATE AB After the anthrax incidents in October 2001, several techniques used for sampling surfaces for biological agents were found to be inadequately validated, especially at low surface loadings. Therefore a test chamber was developed to produce sample sets having targeted surface concentrations of dry biological agent simulant. Dry spore aerosols were initially dispersed into the chamber at relatively high air concentrations, and monitored in real time. The concentration decay (due to stirred settling and dilution) was measured and when the targeted air concentration was reached, the sampling surfaces were uncovered and exposed to the settling particles until > 99% of the particles had settled. Multiple agar plates were used to estimate the true colony-forming-unit (CFU) surface concentration. The uniformity of surface loadings was limited by random deposition of small numbers of particles on the surfaces (Poisson distribution) and was characterized by how much greater the observed variability was than that predicted by Poisson statistics. The flow-enhanced powder mixture appeared to affect the spores' ability to grow on the agar medium. Three ways of analyzing the agar plates were used to evaluate the effect of spore coatings on viability and to differentiate between number of spore-containing particles and the number of spores. The presence of spore agglomerates re-suspended by various sample handling activities in the chamber further increased the variability of deposited particles. Based on estimated airborne particle concentration, it was possible to predict mean agar plate concentrations within narrow confidence intervals (CI) at low (4.8 CFU, 95% CI 3.5-6.4), medium (20 CFU, 95% CI 17-23), and high (160 CFU, 95% CI 140-190) concentrations. C1 [Baron, Paul A.; Estill, Cherie F.; Deye, Gregory J.; Hein, Misty J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Beard, Jeremy K.; Larsen, Lloyd D.; Dahlstrom, Gregory E.] Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS R3,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pbaron@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1080/02786820801918605 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280LB UT WOS:000254427200001 ER PT J AU Baron, P Deye, GJ Martinez, AB Jones, EN Bennett, JS AF Baron, Paul Deye, Gregory J. Martinez, Anthony B. Jones, Erica N. Bennett, James S. TI Size shifts in measurements of droplets with the aerodynamic particle sizer and the aerosizer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Observations of the size of liquid droplets using the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) and the Aerosizer indicated that the measured size was significantly different from the aerodynamic diameter as calculated by measuring droplet settling velocity. The size shifts appeared to be caused by droplet distortion in the detector flow field for the Aerosizer. However, for the APS, droplet sizing was further affected by droplet impaction on the upstream side of the focusing nozzle. It is suggested that liquid accumulated in and constricted the nozzle, resulting in a particle velocity increase at the sensor. The size shift can occur with the deposition of < 0.5 mu L liquid onto the nozzle; the size shift can occur in 1-10 minutes even at concentrations of 1000 particles/L; and the size shift can disappear after cessation of liquid aerosol sampling. CFD calculations provided information about the amount of velocity increase at the APS sensor for a selected constriction. Both solid and liquid particles are affected by the nozzle constriction, which produces approximately the same percentage size shift throughout the measurement range. The size shifts (Delta) were related to droplet aerodynamic diameter (mu m), viscosity (Pa-s), and surface tension (N/m) by the following empirical equation: Delta = -a diameter(b)/(surface tension(c) x viscosity(e)). The value of b was arbitrarily set to two. The values for a, c, and e for the APS (including both droplet distortion and nozzle constriction) and for the Aerosizer were determined by a regression analysis of the available data. C1 [Baron, Paul; Deye, Gregory J.; Martinez, Anthony B.; Jones, Erica N.; Bennett, James S.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Baron, P (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, R3,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pbaron@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1080/02786820801958734 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280LB UT WOS:000254427200005 ER PT J AU Painter, TM AF Painter, Thomas M. TI Connecting the dots: When the risks of HIV/STD infection appear high but the burden of infection is not known-the case of male latino migrants in the Southern United States SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual East Coast Migrant Stream Forum CY OCT 19-21, 2006 CL Myrtle Beach, SC DE HIV; STD; Latinos; migrants; risk behaviors; Southern United States ID MEXICAN MIGRANTS; HIV RISK; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; COMMERCIAL SEX; NORTH-CAROLINA; IMMIGRANT MEN; FARMWORKERS; WORKERS; AIDS AB Between 1990 and 2000, the number of Latinos in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, states that had no or small Latino populations in 1990, increased by more than 300% on average. Several of these states (referred to as rapid growth states) have high AIDS/STD case rates. Compared to Latinos in states with well-established Latino populations and Latinos nationwide, those in rapid growth states are more often males, young, foreign-born, and recent arrivals who travel without females. The typical Latino in rapid growth states is a young male migrant. Although these migrants may be at risk of HIV/STD infection, little is known about the risk factors that affect them. To clarify this picture, a database search was conducted to identify studies of HIV/STD infection and/or risk factors among rural and urban-based Latino migrants in the six rapid growth states. This qualitative review examines ten studies that were conducted in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Five of the studies screened for HIV and/or syphilis infection and provide some information on risk factors; five studies describe risk factors only. Most of those studies that describe risk factors provide evidence that male Latino migrants in rural and urban settings of rapid growth states are vulnerable to HIV/STD infection through heterosexual contacts. However, many of the studies fail to provide sufficient information on other risk factors, and all but one of the studies that screened migrants for HIV or STD infection were conducted between 1988 and 1991. There is an urgent need for updated information on HIV/STD infection and the social-behavioral and situational risk factors that affect male Latino migrants in rapid growth states of the South. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hepatitis HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hepatitis HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcp2@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9220-0 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 267QH UT WOS:000253523800005 PM 17373586 ER PT J AU Zhao, GX Ford, ES Li, CY Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Are United States adults with coronary heart disease meeting physical activity recommendations? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; EXERCISE; VALIDITY; ADVICE; PREVENTION; INTENSITY; INTERVIEW; TRIAL; DIET AB Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. The benefits of physical activity in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease have,led to recommendations that patients with heart disease increase their levels of physical activity. This study was conducted to investigate the degree of compliance with national and/or American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines for physical activity in United States adults with coronary heart disease (CHD) in comparison with subjects without CHD using data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Information on CHD or physical activity was self-reported. A total of 297,145 participants aged >= 18 years were included in the analyses. The age-standardized prevalence and the odds ratios for meeting total, moderate, or vigorous physical activity recommendations were calculated. Patients with CHD participated less in physical activity at recommended levels than those without CHD (40%, 32%, and 22% vs 49%, 37%, and 29%, respectively, for meeting total, moderate, and vigorous physical activity recommendations, p < 0.01 for all). The unadjusted odds ratios for adults with CHD who met total, moderate, and vigorous physical activity were 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.65), 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.80), and 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.49), respectively. These odds ratios were attenuated slightly but remained significant even after multivariate adjustment. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that patients with CHD are less likely to comply with physical activity recommendations than subjects without CHD. Intensive physical activity counseling is needed for patients with CHD to increase their physical activity levels if no contraindications to increased physical activity exist. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhao, GX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM gzhao@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 557 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.10.015 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 268CK UT WOS:000253555300001 PM 18307998 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Gwinn, M Bradley, LA Oostra, BA van Duijn, CM Khoury, MJ AF Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Gwinn, Marta Bradley, Linda A. Oostra, Ben A. van Duijn, Cornelia M. Khoury, Muin J. TI A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE POLYMORPHISMS; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATIONS; DISEASES; OBESITY; CYP2C9 AB Predictive genomic profiling used to produce personalized nutrition and other lifestyle health recommendations is currently offered directly to consumers. By examining previous meta-analyses and HuGE reviews, we assessed the scientific evidence supporting the purported gene-disease associations for genes included in genomic profiles offered online. We identified seven companies that offer predictive genomic profiling. We searched PubMed for meta-analyses and HuGE reviews of studies of gene-disease associations published from 2000 through June 2007 in which the genotypes of people with a disease were compared with those of a healthy or general-population control group. The seven companies tested at least 69 different polymorphisms in 56 genes. Of the 56 genes tested, 24 (43%) were not reviewed in meta-analyses. For the remaining 32 genes, we found 260 meta-analyses that examined 160 unique polymorphism-disease associations, of which only 60 (38%) were found to be statistically significant. Even the 60 significant associations, which involved 29 different polymorphisms and 28 different diseases, were generally modest, with synthetic odds ratios ranging from 0.54 to 0.88 for protective variants and from 1.04 to 3.2 for risk variants. Furthermore, genes in cardiogenomic profiles were more frequently associated with noncardiovascular diseases than with cardiovascular diseases, and though two of the five genes of the osteogenomic profiles did show significant associations with disease, the associations were not with bone diseases. There is insufficient scientific evidence to conclude that genomic profiles are useful in measuring genetic risk for common diseases or in developing personalized diet and lifestyle recommendations for disease prevention. C1 [Janssens, A. Cecile J. W.] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Gwinn, Marta; van Duijn, Cornelia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bradley, Linda A.] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Oostra, Ben A.] Univ Med Ctr, Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.janssens@erasmusmc.nl RI janssens, cecile/L-1075-2015; OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 30 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.020 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 275JN UT WOS:000254067800004 PM 18319070 ER PT J AU Middleton, DC Fink, J Kowalski, PJ Lewin, MD Sinks, T AF Middleton, D. C. Fink, J. Kowalski, P. J. Lewin, M. D. Sinks, T. TI Optimizing BeLPT criteria for beryllium sensitization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; proliferation; sarcoidosis; sensitization; chronic beryllium disease; sensitivity; specificity; positive predictive value; algorithm; berylliosis; beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) ID DISEASE; SARCOIDOSIS AB Background The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is used to identify persons sensitized to beryllium. ATSDR convened an expert panel of physicians and scientists in April 2006 to discuss this test and to consider what BeLPT test results actually establish beryllium sensitization. The three criteria proposed by panel members were (1) one abnormal result, (2) one abnormal and one borderline result, and (3) two abnormal results. Methods Complete algorithms were developed for each of the three proposed criteria. Using single-test outcome probabilities developed by Stange et al. [2004. Ant J Ind Med 46:453-4621, we calculated and compared the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPVs) for each set of criteria. Results The overall sensitivity and specificity of the three criteria were similar When the criteria required confirmation of an abnormal result the PPV was higher-whether the requirement was satisfied by a borderline result, or only by another abnormal result. Confirmation also reduced the likelihood of false positives. The differences between the three criteria decreased as the prevalence of sensitization increased. Conclusions A single unconfirmed abnormal is usually insufficient to establish sensitization for an apparently healthy person. When the prevalence of beryllium sensitization in a group is high, however, even a single abnormal BeLPT can be a strong predictor C1 [Middleton, D. C.; Fink, J.; Kowalski, P. J.; Lewin, M. D.; Sinks, T.] CDC, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Middleton, DC (reprint author), CDC, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dcm2@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1002/ajim.20548 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263MM UT WOS:000253221200002 PM 18181198 ER PT J AU Boal, WL Leiss, JK Sousa, S Lyden, JT Li, J Jagger, J AF Boal, Winifred L. Leiss, Jack K. Sousa, Sara Lyden, Jennifer T. Li, Jia Jagger, Janine TI The national study to prevent blood exposure in paramedics: Exposure reporting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE paramedics; prehospital; needlestick; blood exposure; under-reporting; occupational health; survey ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; HEPATITIS-C; EMERGENCY; PRECAUTIONS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background This survey was conducted to provide national incidence rates and risk factors for exposure to blood among paramedics. The present analysis assesses reporting of exposures to employers. Methods A questionnaire was mailed in 2002-2003 to a national sample of paramedics selected using a two-stage design. Information on exposure reporting was obtained on the two most recent exposures for each of five routes of exposure. Results Forty-nine percent of all exposures to blood and 72% of needlesticks were reported to employers. The main reason for under-reporting was not considering the exposure a "significant risk." Females reported significantly more total exposures than males. Reporting of needlesticks was significantly less common among respondents who believed most needlesticks were due to circumstances under the worker's control. Reporting was non-significantly more common among workers who believed reporting exposures helps management prevent future exposures. Reporting may have been positively associated with workplace safety culture. Conclusions This survey indicates there is need to improve the reporting of blood exposures by paramedics to their employers, and more work is needed to understand the reasons for under-reporting. Gender, safety culture, perception of risk, and other personal attitudes may all affect reporting behavior. C1 [Boal, Winifred L.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Surveillance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Leiss, Jack K.; Sousa, Sara; Lyden, Jennifer T.] LLC, Constella Grp, Durham, NC USA. [Li, Jia] LLC, Constella Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jagger, Janine] Univ Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Boal, WL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Surveillance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkway,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM wboal@cdc.gov FU NIOSH CDC HHS [U01 OH04266-01] NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1002/ajim.20558 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263MM UT WOS:000253221200007 PM 18213637 ER PT J AU Besser, LM Marcus, M Frumkin, H AF Besser, Lilah M. Marcus, Michele Frumkin, Howard TI Commute time and social capital in the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY; PARTICIPATION; HEALTH; MORTALITY; SWEDEN AB Background: The suggested declining trend in social capital among Americans could be due, in part, to long commute times associated with urban sprawl. Methods: In 2007, the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) was used to determine the association between commute time and socially-oriented trips, a proxy measure of social capital, while controlling for individual-level and regional-level characteristics. Socially-oriented trips were those taken to: attend school/religious activities; attend social/recreational activities; visit friends/relatives; go out for entertainment; attend funerals/weddings/social events; exercise/play sports; attend to family/personal obligations; participate in organizational meetings; or transport someone. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for the association between commute time and socially-oriented trips for full-time working adults (N=54,747). Results: Higher commute time (>20 minutes) was significantly associated with no socially-oriented trips (adjusted OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.09-1.25). The strongest association was among 90+ minute commuters (adjusted OR= 1.50, 95% CI= 1.16-1.94). Conclusions: This study suggests that individuals with longer commutes have less access to social capital, as indicated by fewer socially-oriented trips. C1 [Besser, Lilah M.; Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frumkin, Howard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth Agcy Tox Substances & Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Besser, LM (reprint author), MSPH, 51 Grapevine Trail, Durham, NC 27707 USA. EM lilahbesser@gmail.com RI Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.004 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 265ET UT WOS:000253342600005 PM 18312808 ER PT J AU Hoehner, CM Soares, J Perez, DP Ribeiro, IC Joshu, CE Pratt, M Legetic, BD Malta, DC Matsudo, VR Ramos, LR Simoes, EJ Brownson, RC AF Hoehner, Christine M. Soares, Jesus Perez, Diana Parra Ribeiro, Isabela C. Joshu, Corinne E. Pratt, Michael Legetic, Branka D. Malta, Deborah Carvalho Matsudo, Victor R. Ramos, Luiz Roberto Simoes, Eduardo J. Brownson, Ross C. TI Physical activity interventions in Latin America - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; COORDINATED APPROACH; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; MEXICO BORDER; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH; PROGRAM; RISK; PROMOTION; INCREASE AB Background: Recommendations for physical activity in the Guide to Community Preventive Services (the Community Guide) have not been systematically examined or applied in developing countries such as those in Latin America. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current evidence base concerning interventions to increase physical activity in Latin America using a modified Community Guide process and to develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity interventions. Methods: In 2006, a literature review of both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature in Portuguese, Spanish, and English was carried out to identify physical activity interventions conducted in community settings in Latin America. Intervention studies were identified by searching ten databases using 16 search terms related to physical activity, fitness, health promotion, and community interventions. All intervention studies related to physical activity were summarized into tables. Six reviewers independently classified the intervention studies by the categories used in the Community Guide and screened the studies for inclusion in a systematic abstraction process to assess the strength of the evidence. Five trained researchers conducted the abstractions. Results: The literature search identified 903 peer-reviewed articles and 142 Brazilian theses related to physical activity, of which 19 were selected for full abstraction. Only for school-based physical education classes was the strength of the evidence from Latin America sufficient to support a practice recommendation. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the need for rigorous evaluation of promising interventions to increase physical activity in Latin America. Implementation and maintenance of school physical education programs and policies should be strongly encouraged to promote the health of Latin American children. C1 [Hoehner, Christine M.; Soares, Jesus; Perez, Diana Parra; Joshu, Corinne E.; Brownson, Ross C.] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Soares, Jesus; Ribeiro, Isabela C.; Pratt, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. [Simoes, Eduardo J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Legetic, Branka D.] WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org Reg Off, Washington, DC USA. [Malta, Deborah Carvalho] Brazil Minist Hlth, Div Situat Analysis & Prevent Nontransmissible Di, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Matsudo, Victor R.] Ctr Estudos Lab Aptidao Fis Sao Caetano Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ramos, Luiz Roberto] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hoehner, CM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Salus Ctr, Room 474,3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM hoehnerc@slu.edu RI Ramos, Luiz/E-5343-2012; Parra, Diana/B-7761-2015; Malta, Deborah/H-7880-2012; Matsudo, Victor/E-8122-2013; OI Parra, Diana/0000-0002-9797-6231; Malta, Deborah/0000-0002-8214-5734; Matsudo, Victor/0000-0003-3552-486X; Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48/DP000060-01] NR 82 TC 92 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.11.016 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 265ET UT WOS:000253342600008 PM 18312811 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Bhatia, R Cole, BL Heaton, SK Feldman, JD Rutt, CD AF Dannenberg, Andrew L. Bhatia, Rajiv Cole, Brian L. Heaton, Sarah K. Feldman, Jason D. Rutt, Candace D. TI Use of health impact assessment in the US - 27 case studies, 1999-2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIVING WAGE ORDINANCE AB Objectives: To document the growing use in the United States of health impact assessment (HIA) methods to help planners and others consider the health consequences of their decisions. Methods: Using multiple search strategies, 27 HIAs were identified that were completed in the U.S. during 1999-2007. Key characteristics of each HIA were abstracted from published and unpublished sources. Results: Topics examined in, these HIAs ranged from policies about living wages and after-school programs to projects about power plants and public transit: Most HIAs were funded by local health departments, foundations, or federal agencies: Concerns about health disparities were especially important in HIAs on housing, urban redevelopment, home energy subsidies, and wage policy. The use of quantitative and nonquantitative methods varied among HIAs. Most HIAs presented recommendations for policy or project changes to improve health. Impacts of the HIAs were infrequently documented. Conclusions: These completed HIAs are useful for helping conduct future HIAs and for training public health officials and others about HIAs. More work is needed to document the impact of HIAs and thereby increase their value in decision-making processes. C1 [Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Heaton, Sarah K.; Feldman, Jason D.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rutt, Candace D.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bhatia, Rajiv] Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Cole, Brian L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Sci, 4770 Buford highway,Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acd7@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.11.015 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 265ET UT WOS:000253342600010 PM 18312813 ER PT J AU David-Ferdon, C Hammond, WR AF David-Ferdon, Corinne Hammond, W. Rodney TI Community mobilization to prevent youth violence and to create safer communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COALITIONS; RESEARCH/ C1 [David-Ferdon, Corinne; Hammond, W. Rodney] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hammond, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RHammond@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 SU S BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1016/j.aruepre.2007.12.017 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 266EQ UT WOS:000253417700001 PM 18267193 ER PT J AU Hertz, MF De Vos, E Cohen, L Davis, R Prothrow-Stith, D AF Hertz, Marci Feldman De Vos, Edward Cohen, Larry Davis, Rachel Prothrow-Stith, Deborah TI Partnerships for preventing violence - A locally-led satellite training model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Local face-to-face provider training has the benefit of enabling participants to network with people in their communities who are working on similar issues, to engage in interactive discussions, and to learn from local experts and local program examples. However, face-to-face training has considerable costs (labor and expense) and provides limited exposure to national experts. In recent years, technology has allowed training methods to expand to include distance learning methods (satellite and web-based). The newer methods can decrease per-person training costs, provide exposure to national experts, and result in wide dissemination of information. Yet these distance learning methods often limit the ability of participants to interact and network with each other and substantially reduce opportunities to apply the learning objectives to local circumstances. To maximize the benefits of both models, the Harvard School of Public Health, the Prevention Institute, and the Education Development Center developed, implemented, and evaluated Partnerships for Preventing Violence (PPV), an innovative six-part satellite training series on the public health approach to preventing youth violence. Using a unique hybrid methodology that combines satellite training with local, face-to-face facilitation by trained experts, PPV trained over 13,000 people, generated youth violence prevention activities across the country, and created a national cadre of youth violence prevention leaders. C1 [Hertz, Marci Feldman] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Healthcare Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [De Vos, Edward] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cohen, Larry; Davis, Rachel] Prevent Inst, Oakland, CA USA. [Prothrow-Stith, Deborah] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Roxbury, MA USA. RP Hertz, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Healthcare Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Mhertz@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 SU S BP S21 EP S30 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 266EQ UT WOS:000253417700005 PM 18267195 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H Hess, J Luber, G Malilay, J McGeehin, M AF Frumkin, Howard Hess, Jeremy Luber, George Malilay, Josephine McGeehin, Michael TI Climate change: The public health response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; HURRICANE-KATRINA; MENTAL-HEALTH; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; FOODBORNE DISEASES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB There is scientific consensus that the global climate is changing, with rising surface temperatures, melting ice and snow, rising sea levels, and increasing climate variability. These changes are expected to have substantial impacts on human health. There are known, effective public health responses for many of these impacts, but the scope, timeline, and complexity of climate change are unprecedented. We propose a public health approach to climate change, based on the essential public health services, that extends to both clinical and population health services and emphasizes the coordination of government agencies (federal, state, and local), academia, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations. C1 [Frumkin, Howard] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hess, Jeremy] Emory Med Sch, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 CliftonRd,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM haf6@cdc.gov OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 165 TC 184 Z9 188 U1 9 U2 48 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.119362 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270TG UT WOS:000253742500013 PM 18235058 ER PT J AU Ryskulova, A Turczyn, K Makuc, DM Cotch, MF Klein, RJ Janiszewski, R AF Ryskulova, Asel Turczyn, Kathleen Makuc, Diane M. Cotch, Mary Frances Klein, Richard J. Janiszewski, Rosemary TI Self-reported age-related eye diseases and visual impairment in the United States: Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; POPULATION; BLINDNESS; US; AMERICANS; MORTALITY AB Objectives. We sought to establish national data on the prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, and selected eye conditions (cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration) and to characterize these conditions within sociodemographic subgroups. Methods. Information on self-reported visual impairment and diagnosed eye diseases was collected from 31044 adults. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and odds ratios with logistic regression using SUDAAN. Results. Among noninstitutionalized US adults 18 years and older, the estimated prevalence for visual impairment was 9.3% (19.1 million Americans), including 0.3% (0.7 million) with blindness. Lifetime prevalence of diagnosed diseases was as follows: cataract, 8.6% (17 million); glaucoma, 2.0% (4 million); macular degeneration, 1.1% (2 million); and diabetic retinopathy, 0.7% (1.3 million). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among persons with diagnosed diabetes was 9.9%. Conclusions. We present the most recently available national data on self-reported visual impairment and selected eye diseases in the United States. The results of this study provide a baseline for future public health initiatives relating to visual impairment. C1 [Ryskulova, Asel; Turczyn, Kathleen; Makuc, Diane M.; Klein, Richard J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Cotch, Mary Frances; Janiszewski, Rosemary] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ryskulova, A (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6309, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM aryskulova@cdc.gov OI Cotch, Mary Frances/0000-0002-2046-4350 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 EY000402-07, Z01 EY000402-06, Z99 EY999999, ZIA EY000402-09, ZIA EY000402-10, ZIA EY000402-12, ZIA EY000402-08] NR 44 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 454 EP 461 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.098202 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270TG UT WOS:000253742500016 PM 18235074 ER PT J AU Easton, A Jackson, K Mowery, P Comeau, D Sell, R AF Easton, Alyssa Jackson, Kat Mowery, Paul Comeau, Dawn Sell, Randall TI Adolescent same-sex and both-sex romantic attractions and relationships: Implications for smoking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL YOUTH; SUBSTANCE USE; SCHOOL; GAY; ORIENTATION; VIOLENCE; SUICIDE; SAMPLE; RISK; EXPERIENCES AB Objectives. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between smoking and romantic attractions and relationships. Methods. We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to assess associations of smoking at Waves I and 11 with same-sex, both-sex, and opposite-sex romantic attractions or relationships as determined at Wave I. We used logistic regression to predict smoking at Wave II by sexual orientation. Results. Both adolescent boys and adolescent girls with both-sex attractions or relationships were significantly more likely than those with opposite-sex attractions or relationships to be current smokers. Adolescent boys and girls with both-sex attractions or relationships who were nonsmokers at Wave I were more likely to be current smokers at Wave II than those with opposite-sex attractions or relationships. Conclusions. Our findings support previous research on smoking among youths who report same-sex or both-sex romantic attractions or relationships and demonstrate the increased risk bisexual youths have for smoking initiation and smoking prevalence. Tobacco use prevention programs targeting gay and bisexual youths are warranted, particularly among adolescent girls and boys who have had both-sex romantic attractions or relationships. C1 [Easton, Alyssa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jackson, Kat; Mowery, Paul] Res Triangle Inst Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Comeau, Dawn] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sell, Randall] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Easton, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Steps Program Off, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-85, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ace7@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD031921, P01-HD31921] NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.097980 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270TG UT WOS:000253742500017 PM 18235075 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Gallogly, M Pederson, LL Berry, M McGoldrick, D Maibach, EW AF Nelson, David E. Gallogly, Meg Pederson, Linda L. Berry, Matthew McGoldrick, Daniel Maibach, Edward W. TI Use of consumer survey data to target cessation messages to smokers through mass media SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. We identified the mass media channels that reach the most cigarette smokers in an attempt to more effectively target smoking cessation messages. Methods. Reach estimates and index scores for smokers were taken from 2002-2003 ConsumerStyles and HealthStyles national surveys of adults (N = 11 660) to estimate overall and demographic-specific exposure measures for television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. Results. Smokers viewed more television, listened to more radio, and read fewer magazines and newspapers than did nonsmokers. Nearly one third of smokers were regular daytime or late-night television viewers. Selected cable television networks (USA, Lifetime, and Discovery Channel) and selected radio genres, such as classic rock and country, had high reach and were cost-efficient channels for targeting smokers. Conclusions. Certain mass media channels offer efficient opportunities to target smoking cessation messages so they reach relatively large audiences of smokers at relatively low cost. The approach used in this study can be applied to other types of health risk factors to improve health communication planning and increase efficiency of program media expenditures. C1 [Nelson, David E.; Pederson, Linda L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gallogly, Meg; Berry, Matthew; McGoldrick, Daniel] Campaign Tobacco Free Kids, Washington, DC USA. [Maibach, Edward W.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov OI Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.090340 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270TG UT WOS:000253742500027 PM 17600264 ER PT J AU Moonan, PK Weis, SE AF Moonan, Patrick K. Weis, Stephen E. TI Assessing the impact of targeted tuberculosis interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Moonan, Patrick K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weis, Stephen E.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Moonan, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 5 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 268EH UT WOS:000253561000021 PM 18296473 ER PT J AU Ramos, MM Mohammed, H Zielinski-Gutierrez, E Hayden, MH Lopez, JLR Fournier, M Trujillo, AR Burton, R Brunkard, JM Anaya-Lopez, L Banicki, AA Morales, PK Smith, B Munoz, JL Waterman, SH AF Ramos, Mary M. Mohammed, Hamish Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily Hayden, Mary H. Lopez, Jose Luis Robles Fournier, Marta Trujillo, Alfredo Rodriguez Burton, Roy Brunkard, Joan M. Anaya-Lopez, Luis Banicki, Allison Abell Morales, Pablo Kuri Smith, Brian Munoz, Jorge L. Waterman, Stephen H. CA Dengue Serosurvey Working Grp TI Epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever at the Texas-Mexico border: Results of a household-based seroepiderniologic survey, December 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; EVOLUTION AB A dengue-2 epidemic causing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occurred in the contiguous border cities of Matamoros, Tamaulipas (Mexico), and Brownsville, TX, in 2005. In December, we conducted a household-based epidemiologic survey to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of dengue infection among Matamoros and Brownsville residents and to identify risk factors associated with infection. Antibodies to dengue were measured in 273 individuals. The estimated incidence of recent dengue infection was 32% and 4% among Matamoros and Brownsville participants, respectively. The estimated prevalence of past dengue infection was 77% and 39% among Matamoros and Brownsville participants, respectively. The Breteau index was 28 in Matamoros and 16 in Brownsville, reflecting an abundant winter population of Aedes mosquitoes. Discarded waste tires and buckets were the two largest categories of infested containers found in both cities. Our results underscore the risk for epidemic dengue and DHF in the Texas-Mexico border region. C1 [Ramos, Mary M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Mohammed, Hamish; Munoz, Jorge L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hayden, Mary H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fournier, Marta; Smith, Brian] Tx DSHS, Hlth Serv Reg 11, Harlingen, TX 78550 USA. [Trujillo, Alfredo Rodriguez] Serv Salud Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Burton, Roy] TX DSHS, PSQA Environm Hlth, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Brunkard, Joan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Metairie, LA 70001 USA. [Anaya-Lopez, Luis] CENAVECE INDRE, Serv & Apoyo Tecn, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Banicki, Allison Abell] Off Border Hlth, Texas Dept, State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. [Waterman, Stephen H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Diego Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Ramos, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, 300 San Mateo Blvd,NE,Suite 902, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM mramos@salud.unm.edu; HMohammed@cdc.gov; ebz0@cdc.gov; mhayden@ucar.edu; jlrobles@salud.gob.mx; Marta.Fournier@dshs.state.tx.us; alfredordz@salud.gob.mx; Roy.Burton@dshs.state.tx.us; jbrunkard@cdc.gov; anayaluis@hotmail.com; allison.abell@dshs.state.tx.us; pkuri@dgepi.salud.gob.mx; Brian.Smith@dshs.state.tx.us; ckq2@cdc.gov; shw2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 364 EP 369 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 273KE UT WOS:000253928100004 PM 18337327 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Mendoza, C Keswick, BH Chiller, TM Hoekstra, RM AF Luby, Stephen P. Mendoza, Carlos Keswick, Bruce H. Chiller, Tom M. Hoekstra, R. Mike TI Difficulties in bringing point-of-use water treatment to scale in rural Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DRINKING-WATER; FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; QUALITY AB In an earlier study in rural Guatemala, 257 households that received flocculant-disinfectant to treat their drinking water had 39% less diarrhea than 257 control households. Three weeks after completion of the study, national marketing of the flocculant-disinfectant was extended into the study communities. Six months later, we assessed frequency of and characteristics associated with purchase and use of the flocculant-disinfectant by revisiting the original study households and administering a questionnaire. Four hundred sixty-two households (90%) completed the follow-up survey; 22 households (5%) purchased the flocculant-disinfectant within the preceding 2 weeks and used it within the last week. Neither being randomized to the intervention group during the efficacy study nor combined spending on laundry soap, toothpaste, and hand soap in the preceding week was associated with active repeat use. Even after efficacy was demonstrated within their community and an aggressive sophisticated marketing approach, few households purchased flocculant-disinfectant for point-of-use water treatment. C1 [Luby, Stephen P.] ICDDR, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Valle Guatemala, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Keswick, Bruce H.] Procter & Gamble Japan KK, Higashinada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6580032, Japan. [Chiller, Tom M.; Hoekstra, R. Mike] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), ICDDR, B GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM sluby@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 382 EP 387 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 273KE UT WOS:000253928100007 PM 18337330 ER PT J AU Katabarwa, M Lakwo, T Habumogisha, P Richards, F Eberhard, M AF Katabarwa, Moses Lakwo, Tom Habumogisha, Peace Richards, Frank Eberhard, Mark TI Short report: Could neurocysticercosis be the cause of "onchocerciasis-associated" epileptic seizures? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a nodule prevalence survey in four onchocerciasis sentinel communities in Moyo and two in Kanungu districts of Uganda. Seven (33.3%) out of 21 excised "onchocercomas" (nodules) in Moyo District and excised onchocercomas from four of six persons in Kanungu District turned out to be cysts of Taenia solium. We concluded that the prediction of nodule prevalence for noninvasive rapid epidemiologic assessment (REA) to target areas for mass chemotherapy with ivermectin in the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) supported areas may have been influenced by other pathologies. T solium infection may be the main cause of "onchocerciasis-associated epileptic seizures" in many onchocerciasis endemic communities that have been causally linked to onchocerciasis. Lastly, widespread neurocysticercosis may be a concern in mass treatment programs that provide praziquantel (for managing schistosomiasis) or albendazole (for managing intestinal worms or lymphatic filariasis) because these drugs may kill cerebral cysticerci, resulting in severe adverse events. C1 [Katabarwa, Moses; Lakwo, Tom; Habumogisha, Peace; Richards, Frank; Eberhard, Mark] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Minist Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katabarwa, M (reprint author), 3457 Thornewood Dr, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. EM rzk5@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 400 EP 401 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 273KE UT WOS:000253928100010 PM 18337333 ER PT J AU Simasathien, S Thomas, SJ Watanaveeradej, V Nisalak, A Barberousse, C Innis, BL Sun, W Putnak, JR Eckels, KH Hutagalung, Y Gibbons, RV Zhang, C De La Barrera, R Jarman, RG Chawachalasai, W Mammen, MP AF Simasathien, Sriluck Thomas, Stephen J. Watanaveeradej, Veerachai Nisalak, Ananda Barberousse, Celia Innis, Bruce L. Sun, Wellington Putnak, J. Robert Eckels, Kenneth H. Hutagalung, Yanee Gibbons, Robert V. Zhang, Chunlin De La Barrera, Rafael Jarman, Richard G. Chawachalasai, Wipa Mammen, Mammen P., Jr. TI Safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine in flavivirus naive children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINES; VIRUSES AB A live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus (DENV) vaccine candidate has been well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy, US flavivirus naive adult volunteers. We conducted a pilot, safety, and immunogenicity trial of the vaccine candidate in healthy Thai children (6-7 years of age) to prepare for its eventual evaluation in Thai infants. In an uncontrolled, open clinical trial, the investigational vaccine was administered on study Days 0 and 180 to seven volunteers residing in Bangkok without neutralizing antibodies to DENV1-4 or to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Clinical and laboratory safety assessments were completed during the 30 days after each vaccine dose, and immunogenicity was determined at Day 30. In this study, the vaccine was well tolerated with no serious adverse events or alert laboratory values. One volunteer experienced fever (38.2 degrees C, < 2 days) and associated DENV4 vaccine viremia 7 days after Dose 2. One month after Dose 2, six volunteers in the per-protocol analysis exhibited a tetravalent neutralizing antibody response with DENV1-4 geometric mean titers of 55, 475, 350, and 171, respectively. Ten weeks (similar to 75 days) after Dose 2, five of the six volunteers continued to exhibit a tetravalent neutralizing antibody profile; one volunteer's DENV4 PRNT50 titer fell below the assay cut-off (29 -> < 10); (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00384670). C1 [Thomas, Stephen J.] USAMC AFRIMS, APO AP, Bangkok 96546, Thailand. [Simasathien, Sriluck; Watanaveeradej, Veerachai] Phramongkutklao Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bangkok, Thailand. [Nisalak, Ananda; Gibbons, Robert V.; Zhang, Chunlin; Jarman, Richard G.; Chawachalasai, Wipa; Mammen, Mammen P., Jr.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Barberousse, Celia] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Innis, Bruce L.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Sun, Wellington] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Putnak, J. Robert] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Eckels, Kenneth H.; De La Barrera, Rafael] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Regulated Activit, Pilot Bioprod Facil, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hutagalung, Yanee] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Thomas, SJ (reprint author), USAMC AFRIMS, APO AP, Bangkok 96546, Thailand. EM ssriluck@hotmail.com; stephen.thomas@afrims.org; veerachaiw@yahoo.com; ananda.nisalak@afrims.org; celia.barberousse@gsk.com; bruce.2.innis@gsk.com; WSun@cdc.gov; robert.putnak@amedd.army.mil; kenneth.eckels@amedd.army.mil; yanee.hutagalung@gsk.com; Robert.gibbons@afrims.org; chunlin.zhang@amedd.army.mil; rafael.delabarrera@na.amedd.army.mil; Richard.jarman@afrims.org; Wipac@afrims.org; mammen.mammen@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 426 EP 433 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 273KE UT WOS:000253928100016 PM 18337339 ER PT J AU Mugoya, I Kariuki, S Galgalo, T Njuguna, C Omollo, J Njoroge, J Kalani, R Nzioka, C Tetteh, C Bedno, S Breiman, RF Feikin, DR AF Mugoya, Isaac Kariuki, Samuel Galgalo, Tura Njuguna, Charles Omollo, Jared Njoroge, Jackson Kalani, Rosalia Nzioka, Charles Tetteh, Christopher Bedno, Sheryl Breiman, Robert F. Feikin, Daniel R. TI Rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O1 throughout Kenya, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; WATER-TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; WEST-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS; RISK; PREVENTION; OUTBREAK AB Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, accessible to Nairobi by daily flights. Matched case-control studies from 2 outbreaks showed that failure to treat drinking water and storing drinking water in wide-mouthed containers were significantly associated with disease. Isolates from all 5 outbreaks were Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba serotype, and had genetically similar PFGE patterns of SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. Linkage of the outbreak locations by major transportation routes, their temporal proximity, and similar PFGE patterns of isolates suggests the outbreaks might have been linked epidemiologically, showing the speed and distance of cholera spread in countries like Kenya with pockets of susceptible populations connected by modern transportation. Prevention measures remain implementation of point-of-use safe water systems and case finding and referral. C1 CDC, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Dis Outbreak Management Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. USA, Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), CDC, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM dfeikin@ke.cdc.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 273KE UT WOS:000253928100032 PM 18337355 ER PT J AU Collins, C AF Collins, Charles TI The diffusion of effective behavioral interventions project: Development, implementation, and lessons learned SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Collins, Charles] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwc4@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500407 ER PT J AU Dolcini, P Gandelman, A Vogan, S King, A Leak, TN Kong, C DeSantis, L O'Leary, A AF Dolcini, Peggy Gandelman, Alice Vogan, Stacy King, A. Leak, Tia-Nicole Kong, Carol DeSantis, Linda O'Leary, Ann TI Translating HIV interventions into practice: Experiences with diffusion of effective behavioral interventions (DEBIS) SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dolcini, Peggy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gandelman, Alice; Vogan, Stacy; King, A.; Leak, Tia-Nicole; Kong, Carol; DeSantis, Linda] CA STD HIV Prevent Training Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM peggy.dolcini@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500406 ER PT J AU Gilliland, J McConley, R Mrug, S Grunbaum, JA Hoelscher, D Schuster, M Elliott, M Bogart, L Franzini, L Franklin, F AF Gilliland, Janice McConley, Regina Mrug, Sylvie Grunbaum, Jo Anne Hoelscher, Deanna Schuster, Mark Elliott, Marc Bogart, Laura Franzini, Luisa Franklin, Frank TI Variation by race/ethnicity and geography in children's dietary intake: The healthy passages study SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gilliland, Janice] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, MCH, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoelscher, Deanna; Franzini, Luisa] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Schuster, Mark; Elliott, Marc; Bogart, Laura] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Schuster, Mark] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM mjgill@uab.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500162 ER PT J AU Jonas, BS Eberhardt, M AF Jonas, Bruce S. Eberhardt, Mark TI Does change in obesity status over time affect the prospective association between symptoms of depression and stroke? SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jonas, Bruce S.; Eberhardt, Mark] CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bjonas@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S165 EP S165 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500641 ER PT J AU Keating, K Brewer, NT Chang, Y Smith, JS Liddon, N Gottlieb, S AF Keating, Katie Brewer, Noel T. Chang, Yuli Smith, Jennifer S. Liddon, Nicole Gottlieb, Sami TI HPV vaccine provision and concerns among medical practices in the rural south SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keating, Katie] UNC Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. [Keating, Katie; Brewer, Noel T.; Chang, Yuli; Smith, Jennifer S.] UNC Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Liddon, Nicole; Gottlieb, Sami] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM kkeating@email.unc.edu RI Brewer, Noel/C-4375-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S207 EP S207 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500810 ER PT J AU Ma, M Kibler, JL King, A Bartholow, BN Durham, MD AF Ma, Mindy Kibler, Jeffrey L. King, Anyika Bartholow, Bradford N. Durham, Marcus D. TI Correlates of HIV testing among African Americans SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ma, Mindy; Kibler, Jeffrey L.; King, Anyika] Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Bartholow, Bradford N.; Durham, Marcus D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mma800@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500530 ER PT J AU Masse, LC Valente, M Yaroch, A Agurs-Collins, T Atienza, A Blanck, H Weber, D AF Masse, Louise C. Valente, Maria Yaroch, Amy Agurs-Collins, Tanya Atienza, Audie Blanck, Heidi Weber, Deanne TI Home and school influences on US children's diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Masse, Louise C.; Valente, Maria] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Yaroch, Amy; Agurs-Collins, Tanya; Atienza, Audie] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Blanck, Heidi] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weber, Deanne] Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. EM lmasse@cw.bc.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S178 EP S178 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500691 ER PT J AU Ziarnowski, KL Brewer, NT Smith, JS Gottlieb, SL AF Ziarnowski, Karen L. Brewer, Noel T. Smith, Jennifer S. Gottlieb, Sami L. TI Paradoxical effects of anticipated regret on HPV vaccination SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ziarnowski, Karen L.; Brewer, Noel T.; Smith, Jennifer S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gottlieb, Sami L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ziarnows@email.unc.edu RI Brewer, Noel/C-4375-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 SU 1 BP S200 EP S200 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 348YH UT WOS:000259245500779 ER PT J AU Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHILDREN; SEROTYPES C1 [Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.007 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 270SA UT WOS:000253739300016 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang TI Metabolic syndrome and health-related quality of life among US adults SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-sectional studies; health surveys; metabolic syndrome X; quality of life ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-MASS INDEX; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; OLDER-ADULTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MEASURING DISABILITY; YOUNG-ADULTS; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: Little is known about the association between health-related quality of life and the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life in adults with and without the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1859 men and women aged >= 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HRQOL-4 tool. RESULTS: A larger percentage of participants with the metabolic syndrome had fair or poor health (difference = 11.3%, p = 0.002), >= 14 physically unhealthy days (difference = 5.0%) (p = 0. 129), >= 14 mentally unhealthy days (difference = 7.4%) (p = 0.010), and >= 14 activity-limitation days (difference = 5.8%) (p = 0.024) during the past 30 days than participants without the metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, educational status, and smoking status, participants with the metabolic syndrome were more likely to have fair or poor health (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.13), >= 14 mentally unhealthy days (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.28-3.02), and >= 14 activity limitation days (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.46-7.02) than those without the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: U.S. adults with the metabolic syndrome experience worse health-related quality of life than adults without this syndrome. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270DB UT WOS:000253699100001 PM 18280918 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Steege, AL Li, J Petersen, MR Muntaner, C AF Alterman, Toni Steege, Andrea L. Li, Jia Petersen, Martin R. Muntaner, Carles TI Ethnic, racial, and gender variations in health among farm operators in the United States SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE occupational health; agricultural workers; farm operators; surveillance ID YORK DAIRY FARMERS; HEARING-LOSS; CANCER INCIDENCE; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; WORKERS; NOISE; COVARIANCE AB PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to collect baseline prevalence data on the health problems faced by minority, white, and female farm operators. METHODS: An occupational health survey of farm operators was conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service between February and August 2000. A stratified random sample of farm operators from 50 U.S. states based on the 1997 Census of Agriculture was selected for telephone interview. Interviews were primarily conducted using a computer assisted telephone instrument system. RESULTS: Population prevalences were calculated for 7137 farm operators. Prevalences were greatest for musculoskeletal discomfort, followed by respiratory problems, hearing loss, and hypertension. Generally, Latino and Asian American operators had lower prevalences for health problems than white non-Latino and white operators, respectively. African-American operators had greater prevalences for hypertension, and osteoarthritis, but lower prevalences for hearing loss, skin problems, heart problems, and cancer than white operators. American Indian or Alaska Native operators had higher prevalences for musculoskeletal problems, skin problems, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences for the different ethnicity and race groups are not the same. Studies that combine racial and ethnic groups, or study only white and non-Latino farm operators may overestimate or underestimate the prevalence of health conditions in the entire farm operator population. C1 [Alterman, Toni; Steege, Andrea L.; Petersen, Martin R.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. [Muntaner, Carles] Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Li, Jia] Constella Grp LLC, Durham, NC USA. RP Alterman, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, MS R17,5555 Ridge Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM talterman@cdc.gov RI Steege, Andrea/H-8900-2016; OI Steege, Andrea/0000-0001-5665-2559; Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.11.014 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270DB UT WOS:000253699100003 PM 18280919 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Correa, A Alverson, CJ AF Gilboa, Suzanne M. Correa, Adolfo Alverson, Clinton J. TI Use of spline regression in an analysis of maternal prepregnancy body mass index and adverse birth outcomes: Does it tell us more than we already know? SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; pregnancy; epidemiologic methods; spline regression ID PREGNANCY WEIGHT-GAIN; SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; PRETERM DELIVERY; TREND ANALYSIS; DOSE-RESPONSE; RISK-FACTORS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; CESAREAN DELIVERY; NATIONAL-HEALTH AB PURPOSE: Categorical analyses of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) have shown that maternal overweight and obesity are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is unclear whether further insight into these associations can be gained from spline regression. METHODS: We used spline regression to examine the relations between prepregnancy BMI and five adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, a case-control study of congenital cardiac defects. Analyses included 3,226 singleton live-born control infants delivered 1981 through 1989. We modeled BMI using (a) traditional categories of under-weight, average weight, overweight, and obese and (b) restricted quadratic splines. RESULTS: We confirmed that overweight status and obesity were associated with increased risk of macrosomia and large for gestational age. For these outcomes, splines provided detail about the associations at the ends of the BMI distribution and within the average BMI category. Spline analyses also showed that underweight status was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of traditional categories of BMI provide good understanding of the associations with several adverse birth outcomes. For three outcomes, modeling with splines provided additional insight regarding dose-response relations within categories. Results suggest the need for further analyses of average BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes. C1 [Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Correa, Adolfo; Alverson, Clinton J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gilboa, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM suz0@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.09.0C5 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 270DB UT WOS:000253699100005 PM 18201903 ER PT J AU Volkwein, JC Mischler, SE Davies, B Ellis, C AF Volkwein, Jon C. Mischler, Steven E. Davies, Brian Ellis, Clive TI Field measurement of diesel particulate matter emissions SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; diesel particulate; direct-reading instruments AB A primary means to reduce environmental levels of diesel particulate matter (DPM) exposure to miners is to reduce the amount of DPM emission from the engine. A quick and economic method to estimate engine particulate emission levels has been developed. The method relies on the measurement of pressure increase across a filter element that is briefly used to collect a DPM sample directly from the engine exhaust. The method has been refined with the inclusion of an annular aqueous denuder to the tube which permits dry filter samples to be obtained without addition of dilution air. Tailpipe filter samples may then be directly collected in hot and water-supersaturated exhaust gas flows from water bath-cooled coal mine engines without the need for dilution air. Measurement of a differential pressure (DP) increase with time has been related to the mass of elemental carbon (EC) on the filter. Results for laboratory and field measurements of the method showed agreement between DP increase and EC collected on the filter with R-2 values > 0.86. The relative standard deviation from replicate samples of DP and EC was 0.16 and 0.11, respectively. The method may also have applications beyond mining, where qualitative evaluation of engine emissions is desirable to determine if engine or control technology maintenance may be required. C1 [Volkwein, Jon C.; Mischler, Steven E.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Davies, Brian] Univ Wollongong, Sch Hlth Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Ellis, Clive] NSW Dept Mineral Resources, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. RP Volkwein, JC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM jdv1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem069 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 272AS UT WOS:000253830400004 PM 18281294 ER PT J AU Bello, D Redlich, CA Stowe, MH Sparer, J Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Hosgood, HD Liu, YC AF Bello, Dhimiter Redlich, Carrie A. Stowe, Meredith H. Sparer, Judy Woskie, Susan R. Streicher, Robert P. Hosgood, H. Dean Liu, Youcheng TI Skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: II. A quantitative assessment SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE auto body refinishing; dermal exposure assessment; gloves; isocyanates; PPE; skin exposure; SPRAY ID ISOCYANATE EXPOSURES; SHOP WORKERS; IN-VITRO; DIISOCYANATE; DERMATITIS; SPRAY; MODEL; LUNG; VIVO; MDI AB Background: Skin exposure to isocyanates, in addition to respiratory exposures, may contribute to sensitization and asthma. Quantitative skin exposure data are scarce and quantitative methods limited. Methods: As part of the Survey of Painters and Repairers of Autobodies by Yale study, a method to sample and quantify human isocyanate skin exposure was developed (based on NIOSH 5525 method) and used to evaluate aliphatic isocyanate skin exposure in 81 auto body shop painters and body technicians. Wipe samples were collected from unprotected skin and from under PPE (gloves, clothing and respirator) using a polypropylene glycol-impregnated wipe. Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), its polyisocyanates [HDI-derived polyisocyanates (pHDI)], isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and its polyisocyanates and IPDI-derived polyisocyanates (pIPDI) were quantified separately and also expressed as the total free isocyanate groups (total NCO). Results: For unprotected skin areas, 49 samples were collected for spray painting, 13 for mixing, 27 for paint-related tasks (e.g. sanding and compounding) and 53 for non-paint-related tasks. Forty-three samples were also collected under PPE. The geometric mean (GM) [geometric standard deviation (GSD)] total NCO concentrations (ng NCO cm(-2)) for unprotected skin (hands, face and forearms) was 1.9 (10.9) and range 0.0-64.4. pHDI species were the major contributor to the total NCO content. Levels were very variable, with the highest concentrations measured for clear coating and paint mixing tasks. Isocyanate skin exposure was also commonly detected under PPE, with 92% of samples above the limit of detection. Levels were very variable with the overall GM (GSD) total NCO (ng NCO cm(-2)) under PPE 1.0 (5.2) and range (0.0-47.0) and similar under the different PPE (glove, respirator and clothing). The highest concentrations were detected for mixing and spraying tasks, 6.9 (5.3) and 1.0 (5.2), respectively. Levels under PPE were generally lower than unpaired samples obtained with no PPE, but not statistically significant. Total isocyanate GM load on exposed skin and under PPE was commonly 100-300 ng NCO per sample, except for higher levels on exposed forearms during spraying (GM 5.9 mu g NCO). Conclusions: A quantitative method was developed for skin sampling of isocyanates. Using this method, the study demonstrates that skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates during painting, mixing and paint-related tasks in auto body shop workers is common and also commonly detected under routine PPE. C1 [Bello, Dhimiter; Woskie, Susan R.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Hlth & Environm, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Redlich, Carrie A.; Stowe, Meredith H.; Sparer, Judy; Hosgood, H. Dean; Liu, Youcheng] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Streicher, Robert P.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Liu, Youcheng] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Hlth & Environm, Dept Work Environm, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM dhimiter_bello@uml.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01-HL62932]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K24-ES00355]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R01OH03457] NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem066 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 272AS UT WOS:000253830400006 PM 18209009 ER PT J AU Mckernan, LT Wallingford, KM Hein, MJ Burge, H Rogers, CA Herrick, R AF Mckernan, Lauralynn Taylor Wallingford, Kenneth M. Hein, Misty J. Burge, Harriet Rogers, Christine A. Herrick, Robert TI Monitoring microbial populations on wide-body commercial passenger aircraft SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; aircraft; bacteria concentrations; cabin air quality; MIXED modeling ID US OFFICE BUILDINGS; MICROENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; AIR-QUALITY; TRANSMISSION; PARTICLES; CABIN; BACTERIA; AIRLINER AB Although exposure to bacteria has been assessed in cabin air previously, minimal numbers of samples have been collected in-flight. The purpose of this research was to comprehensively characterize bacterial concentrations in the aircraft cabin. Twelve randomly selected flights were sampled on Boeing-767 aircraft, each with a flight duration between 4.5 and 6.5 h. N-6 impactors were used to collect sequential, triplicate air samples in the front and rear of coach class during six sampling intervals throughout each flight: boarding, mid-climb, early cruise, mid-cruise, late cruise and deplaning. Comparison air samples were also collected inside and outside the airport terminals at the origin and destination cities. The MIXED procedure in SAS was used to model the mean and the covariance matrix of the natural log-transformed bacterial concentrations. A total of 513 airborne culturable bacterial samples were collected. During flight (mid-climb and cruise intervals), a model-adjusted geometric mean (GM) of 136 total colony-forming units per cubic meter of air sampled (CFU . m(-3)) and geometric standard deviation of 2.1 were observed. Bacterial concentrations were highest during the boarding (GM 290 CFU . m(-3)) and deplaning (GM 549 CFU . m(-3)) processes. Total bacterial concentrations observed during flight were significantly lower than GMs for boarding and deplaning (P values < 0.0001-0.021) in the modeled results. Our findings highlight the fact that aerobiological concentrations can be dynamic and underscore the importance of appropriate sample size and design. The genera analysis indicates that passenger activity and high occupant density contribute to airborne bacterial generation. Overall, our research demonstrates that the bacteria recovered on observed flights were either common skin-surface organisms (primarily gram-positive cocci) or organisms common in dust and outdoor air. C1 [Mckernan, Lauralynn Taylor; Wallingford, Kenneth M.; Hein, Misty J.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Mckernan, Lauralynn Taylor; Burge, Harriet; Rogers, Christine A.; Herrick, Robert] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rogers, Christine A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mckernan, LT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmckernan@cdc.gov RI Rogers, Christine/A-2189-2008 OI Rogers, Christine/0000-0003-0887-9606 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem068 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 272AS UT WOS:000253830400008 PM 18316352 ER PT J AU Woodbury, RL Klammer, KA Xiong, Y Bailiff, T Glennen, A BartkuS, JM Lynfield, R Van Beneden, C Beall, BW AF Woodbury, Robyn L. Klammer, Kathryn A. Xiong, Yang Bailiff, Timothy Glennen, Anita BartkuS, Joanne M. Lynfield, Ruth Van Beneden, Chris Beall, Bernard W. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Plasmid-borne erm(T) from invasive, macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SERUM OPACITY FACTOR; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; GENE; PCR; CONSUMPTION; PHENOTYPES; SEQUENCE; ELEMENTS; FINLAND AB Twenty-three isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) recovered from population-based invasive GAS surveillance in the United States were erythromycin resistant, inducibly clindamycin resistant, and lacked known macrolide resistance determinants. These 23 isolates, representing four different clones, contained a broad-host-range plasmid carrying the erm(T) methylase gene, which has not been detected in GAS previously. C1 [Woodbury, Robyn L.; Bailiff, Timothy; Van Beneden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Glennen, Anita; BartkuS, Joanne M.; Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. RP Beall, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.1128/AAC.01352-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 268BS UT WOS:000253553500045 PM 18180360 ER PT J AU Ressner, RA Moore, MR Jorgensen, JH AF Ressner, Roseanne A. Moore, Matthew R. Jorgensen, James H. TI Activity of the diaminopyrimidine AR-709 against recently collected multidrug-resistant isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from North America SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; NONVACCINE SEROTYPES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; MACROLIDE; PNEUMOCOCCI; INFECTIONS AB Broth microdilution was used to determine the MICs of AR-709 and comparator antimicrobial agents for 224 invasive multidrug-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AR-709 was highly active, with a MIC50 of 0.25 mu g/ml, a MIC90 of 0.5 mu g/ml, and a range of <= 0.008 mu g/ml to 1 mu g/ml. C1 [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ressner, Roseanne A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Moore, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM jorgensen@uthscsa.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1147 EP 1149 DI 10.1128/AAC.01387-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 268BS UT WOS:000253553500047 PM 18180346 ER PT J AU Kong, YK Lowe, BD Lee, SJ Krieg, EF AF Kong, Yong-Ku Lowe, Brian D. Lee, Soo-Jin Krieg, Edward F. TI Evaluation of handle shapes for screwdriving SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE screwdriver handle; handle surface; finger/phalange force; screwdriving ID TORQUE EXERTION CAPABILITIES; TOOLS AB This study investigated the effects of screwdriver handle shape, surface, and workpiece orientation on subjective discomfort, number of screw-tightening rotations, screw-insertion time, axial screwdriving force, and finger contact forces in a screwdriving task. Handles with three longitudinal cross-sectional shapes (circular, hexagonal, triangular), four lateral shapes (cylindrical, double frustum, reversed double frustum, cone), and two surface materials (plastic, rubber coated) were tested. Individual phalangeal segment force distributions indicated how fingers and phalangeal segments were involved in the creation of total finger force (15.0%, 34.6%, 34.5%, and 15.9% for the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; and 45.7%, 22.4%, 12.9%, and 19.0% for the distal, middle, proximal, and metacarpal phalanges, respectively). From this finding, the index and little fingers appeared to contribute mainly in the guiding and balancing of the screwdriver handles, whereas middle and ring fingers played a more prominent role in gripping and turning. Participants preferred circular and hexagonal longitudinal-shaped and double frustum and cone lateral-shaped handles over the triangular longitudinal-shaped handles, and cylindrical and reversed double frustum lateral-shaped handles. Circular, cylindrical, and double frustum handles exhibited the least total finger force associated with screw insertion. In terms of combinations of longitudinal and lateral shapes, circular with double frustum handles were associated with less discomfort and total finger force. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kong, Yong-Ku] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Lowe, Brian D.; Krieg, Edward F.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Lee, Soo-Jin] Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon, South Korea. EM bfl4@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2007.05.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 263TB UT WOS:000253238300008 PM 17572374 ER PT J AU Katz, KA AF Katz, Kenneth A. TI Time to nip "Seeding Trials" in the bud SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SFDPH, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent & Contorl Serv, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Katz, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SFDPH, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent & Contorl Serv, 1360 Mission St,Ste 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM Kenneth.Katz@gmail.com NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 144 IS 3 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1001/archderm.144.3.403 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 275AU UT WOS:000254045100016 PM 18347299 ER PT J AU Weintraub, DL Tirumalai, EC Haydel, KF Fujimoto, M Fulton, JE Robinson, TN AF Weintraub, Dana L. Tirumalai, Evelyn C. Haydel, K. Farish Fujimoto, Michelle Fulton, Janet E. Robinson, Thomas N. TI Team sports for overweight children - The Stanford sports to prevent obesity randomized trial (SPORT) SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; PARTICIPATION; CHILDHOOD; WEIGHT; WOMEN; RISK AB Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an after-school team sports program for reducing weight gain in low-income overweight children. Design: Six-month, 2-arm, parallel-group, pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Low-income, racial/ethnic minority community. Participants: Twenty-one children in grades 4 and 5 with a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile. Interventions: The treatment intervention consisted of an after-school soccer program. The "active placebo" control intervention consisted of an after-school health education program. Main Outcome Measures: Implementation, acceptability, body mass index, physical activity measured using accelerometers, reported television and other screen time, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and weight concerns. Results: All 21 children completed the study. Compared with children receiving health education, children in the soccer group had significant decreases in body mass index z scores at 3 and 6 months and significant increases in total daily, moderate, and vigorous physical activity at 3 months. Conclusion: An after-school team soccer program for overweight children can be a feasible, acceptable, and efficacious intervention for weight control. C1 [Weintraub, Dana L.; Robinson, Thomas N.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Weintraub, Dana L.; Tirumalai, Evelyn C.; Haydel, K. Farish; Fujimoto, Michelle; Robinson, Thomas N.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weintraub, DL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, 211 Quarry Rd,Hoover Pavil,Room N032, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Dana.Weintraub@Stanford.edu FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU319276] NR 29 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 162 IS 3 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1001/archpediatrics.2007.43 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 269TB UT WOS:000253672100006 PM 18316660 ER PT J AU Gouandjika-Vasilache, I Burns, CC Gumede, N Guillot, S Menard, D Dosseh, A Akoua-Koffi, C Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Delpeyroux, F AF Gouandjika-Vasilache, Ionela Burns, Cara C. Gumede, Nicksy Guillot, Sophie Menard, Didier Dosseh, Annick Akoua-Koffi, Chantal Pallansch, Mark A. Kew, Olen M. Delpeyroux, Francis TI Molecular epidemiology of wild poliovirus type 1 circulation in West and Central Africa, from 1997 to 1999, using genotyping with a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS; SEQUENCES AB Virological surveillance is an important element in the Polio Eradication Initiative to provide information rapidly about circulating wild polioviruses. Molecular tools have been developed to identify the serotype of the poliovirus strains and whether they are of vaccine or wild origin (intratypic differentiation) and to perform the molecular epidemiology of wild strains. The main objective of this study was to show that restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a tool that can be used for molecular epidemiology of wild polioviruses. This is retrospective study of poliovirus type 1 strains received at the Institut Pasteur of Bangui (IPB), a WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Africa, since 1994. We describe our experience with isolates from Western and Central Africa and show a positive correlation between the genotypes as determined by sequencing the gene for the VP1 capsid protein and the RFLP patterns. Although genomic sequencing is the gold standard method for detailed molecular epidemiology analysis of poliovirus isolates, these results show that RFLP is a potentially valuable tool for molecular epidemiological analysis of poliovirus type 1 strains: it could be used by many laboratories as a rapid method for ITD and genotype screening where sequencing capacity is not readily available. C1 [Gouandjika-Vasilache, Ionela] Inst Pasteur, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. [Gumede, Nicksy] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Burns, Cara C.; Pallansch, Mark A.; Kew, Olen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dosseh, Annick] Inst Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal. Inst Pasteur, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. [Guillot, Sophie; Delpeyroux, Francis] Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Menard, Didier] Inst Pasteur Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Dosseh, Annick] WHO, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. RP Gouandjika-Vasilache, I (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, POB 923, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. EM igouandjika@pasteur.cf; dmenard@pasteur.mg; dosseha@bf.afro.who.int RI Menard, Didier/O-3294-2013; Delpeyroux, Francis/H-8838-2016 OI Menard, Didier/0000-0003-1357-4495; NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0001-x PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 267QW UT WOS:000253525300002 PM 18060590 ER PT J AU Beckman, MG Critchley, SE Hooper, WC Grant, AM Kulkarni, R AF Beckman, Michele G. Critchley, Sara E. Hooper, W. Craig Grant, Althea M. Kulkarni, Roshni TI CDC division of blood disorders - Public health research activities in venous thromboembolism SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; POPULATION C1 [Beckman, Michele G.; Critchley, Sara E.; Hooper, W. Craig; Grant, Althea M.; Kulkarni, Roshni] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Disabilities, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beckman, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Disabilities, Div Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbeckman@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 394 EP 395 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162453 PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 266IZ UT WOS:000253429000007 PM 18296596 ER PT J AU Haldar, J Chen, J Tumpey, TM Gubareva, LV Klibanov, AM AF Haldar, Jayanta Chen, Jianzhu Tumpey, Terrence M. Gubareva, Larisa V. Klibanov, Alexander M. TI Hydrophobic polycationic coatings inactivate wild-type and zanamivir- and/or oseltamivir-resistant human and avian influenza viruses SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antiviral; polyethylenimine; quaternary amines; Relenza; Tamiflu ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; GENE; TRANSMISSION; MUTANTS AB Glass slides painted with the hydrophobic long-chained polycation N,N-dodecyl,methyl-polyethylenimine (N,N-dodecyl,methyl-PEI) are highly lethal to waterborne influenza A viruses, including not only wild-type human and avian strains but also their neuraminidase mutants resistant to currently used anti-influenza drugs. C1 [Haldar, Jayanta; Klibanov, Alexander M.] MIT, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chen, Jianzhu] MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chen, Jianzhu] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klibanov, AM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM klibanov@mit.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 56267] NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s10529-007-9565-5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 254VA UT WOS:000252614900016 PM 17972018 ER PT J AU Yang, W Shaw, GM Carmichael, SL Rasmussen, SA Waller, DK Pober, BR Anderka, M AF Yang, Wei Shaw, Gary M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Waller, D. Kim Pober, Barbara R. Anderka, Marlene CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Nutrient intakes in women and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in their offspring SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital diaphragmatic hernia; diet; nutrition; vitamin supplements ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; VITAMIN-A; RETINOIC ACID; CDH; MALFORMATIONS; GENETICS; ETIOLOGY; DIETARY; FOLATE; MODEL AB BACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm through which a portion of the abdominal contents protrudes into the thoracic cavity. The etiologies of CDH remain unknown, although experimental animal data suggest dietary factors might play a role. This study examined whether maternal nutrient intakes were associated with delivering infants with CDH. METHODS: We analyzed infants with isolated CDH who were born from 1997 to 2003 and recruited into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a multisite, population-based case-control study. Exposure data were obtained from telephone interviews, which were completed within 24 months after delivery, and were available for 377 case mothers and 5,008 control mothers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to derive nutrient intakes during the year before pregnancy. RESULTS: A crude OR of 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3-1.0) was observed for higher intake of choline. Elevated ORs (1.4 to 1.7) were found for lower intakes of choline, cysteine, methionine, and protein. Among women who took vitamin supplements, higher intakes of B vitamins (i.e., folate, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12), minerals (i.e., calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc), of vitamin E, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12), minerals (i.e., calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc), and vitamin E were inversely associated with CDH (ORs from 0.7-0.3). Moreover, among women who did not take vitamin supplements, lower intakes of calcium, retinol, selenium, vitamin B12, and vitamin E had positive associations with CDH (ORs from 1.4 to 2.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our observations contribute to a limited body of evidence suggesting a woman's periconceptional diet might be associated with CDH in her offspring. C1 [Yang, Wei; Shaw, Gary M.; Carmichael, Suzan L.] March Dimes, Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waller, D. Kim] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Pober, Barbara R.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. [Anderka, Marlene] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Yang, W (reprint author), 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM WYang@marchofdimes.com FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD55150]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 33 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1002/bdra.20436 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 282XS UT WOS:000254601400002 PM 18181217 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Autry, AR Honein, MA Frias, JL AF Yazdy, Mahsa M. Autry, Andrew R. Honein, Margaret A. Frias, Jaime L. TI Use of special education services by children with orofacial clefts SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE cleft lip; cleft lip and palate; special education ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; PALATE; ATTRACTIVENESS; DISABILITIES; HEARING AB BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate the use of special education services by children with orofacial clefts (OFCs). METHODS: We linked the birth certificates of children born from 1982-2001 in five counties of metropolitan Atlanta to a population-based birth defects surveillance system to identify children with OFCs, and to the special education files for the school years 1992-2004 to identify children who used special education services. The special education data contained exceptionalities and services rendered for each school year. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated. The data were stratified by race/ethnicity, maternal education, type of OFC, and the presence of associated major malformations. In addition, we assessed the age at which special education began and the amount of time spent receiving services. RESULTS: Of the 777 children with OFCs, 201 (26%) were in special education at least I year compared with 8% of the children who had no major birth defects, yielding a PR of 3.2 (95% Cl: 2.9-3.6). The most common exceptionality or service for children with an OFC was speech and language services. Compared with children with no birth defects, children with an OFC were four times more likely to be in this exceptionality (PR 3.8; 95% CI: 3.3-4.3). After excluding children in speech and language services, children with OFCs were still more likely to use special education services (PR 2.4; 95% CL 1.7-3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Children with OFCs used special education services more often than children without birth defects. This information can help in planning for future population needs. C1 [Yazdy, Mahsa M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yazdy, Mahsa M.; Autry, Andrew R.; Honein, Margaret A.; Frias, Jaime L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frias, Jaime L.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), 1600 Clifron Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhonein@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1002/bdra.20433 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 282XS UT WOS:000254601400004 PM 18183625 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Prince, CB Espinueva, V Fuddy, LJ Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Hayes, Donald K. Prince, Cheryl B. Espinueva, Valerie Fuddy, Loretta J. Li, Ruowei Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Comparison of Manual and Electric Breast Pumps Among WIC Women Returning to Work or School in Hawaii SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) branch of the Hawaii Department of Health encourages and assists mothers in breastfeeding. A study was done to determine whether an electric breast pump (vs. a manual pump) would increase breastfeeding duration in those returning to work or school full-time. Materials and Methods: During 2002-2003, a randomized trial was conducted among 280 women, with the duration of breastfeeding analyzed in 229 of these women. Descriptive analyses and a multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with breastfeeding at 6 months. Unadjusted and adjusted survival analyses were performed to estimate the duration of breastfeeding. Results: In all, 76.8% of women using the manual breast pump and 72.3% of those using the electric breast pump breastfed for at least 6 months. This difference did not reach statistical significance. In the survival analysis adjusted for pump assignment, maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, and parity, women with at least some college education breastfed for a 38% shorter time than women with a high school or lower education. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the manual breast pump may work as well as the electric breast pump when breastfeeding is encouraged and supported among women returning to work or school full-time. Particular attention should be given to examining reasons why women with greater education breastfed for a shorter duration. Further research is needed to validate these results to better inform breastfeeding women returning to work or school. C1 [Hayes, Donald K.; Prince, Cheryl B.; Espinueva, Valerie; Fuddy, Loretta J.] Hawaii Dept Hlth, Family Hlth Serv Div, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Hayes, Donald K.; Prince, Cheryl B.; Espinueva, Valerie; Li, Ruowei; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hayes, DK (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Family Hlth Serv Div, 3652 Kilauea Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. EM Don.hayes@doh.hawaii.gov FU Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine and the Division of the Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [TS-0619-17/17] FX We thank all the WIC staff in Hawaii who participated in the implementation of this study. In particular, we would like to thank Pratisha Budhiraja for her invaluable assistance as the Project Coordinator of this study and Christina Simmons for her assistance as the State Breastfeeding Specialist during the period of data collection. In addition, we appreciate the guidance and oversight provided by Sue Uyehara, who was the WIC Program Support Section Chief during the study. Finally, this study would not have been achievable without the participation of all the women who completed the surveys that made this analysis possible. The electric breast pump loan evaluation project was made possible by a cooperative agreement (TS-0619-17/17) from the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine and the Division of the Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 EI 1556-8342 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP U14 DI 10.1089/bfm.2007.0022 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA V11LZ UT WOS:000207534400002 PM 18333763 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Siegel, R Ward, E Hao, YP Xu, JQ Murray, T Thun, MJ AF Jemal, Ahmedin Siegel, Rebecca Ward, Elizabeth Hao, Yongping Xu, Jiaquan Murray, Taylor Thun, Michael J. TI Cancer statistics, 2008 SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT CALENDAR YEAR; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; INCIDENCE RATES; SURVIVAL; TRENDS; LEVEL; MORTALITY; NATION; WHITES AB Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,437,180 new cancer cases and 565,650 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2008. Notable trends in cancer incidence and mortality include stabilization of incidence rates for all cancer sites combined in men from 1995 through 2004 and in women from 1999 through 2004 and a continued decrease in the cancer death rate since 1990 in men and since 1991 in women. Overall cancer death rates in 2004 compared with 1990 in men and 1991 in women decreased by 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively, resulting in the avoidance of over a half million deaths from cancer during this time interval. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates, stabilizing incidence rates, and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population. C1 [Jemal, Ahmedin; Siegel, Rebecca; Ward, Elizabeth; Hao, Yongping; Murray, Taylor; Thun, Michael J.] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Xu, Jiaquan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Tang, Amy/L-3226-2016; Karabulut, Erman/G-6679-2011 OI Tang, Amy/0000-0002-5772-2878; NR 21 TC 7615 Z9 8107 U1 54 U2 674 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 71 EP 96 DI 10.3322/CA.2007.0010 PG 26 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 269VG UT WOS:000253677800003 PM 18287387 ER PT J AU Fernandez, ME Wippold, R Torres-Vigil, I Byrd, T Freeberg, D Bains, Y Guajardo, J Coughlin, SS Vernon, SW AF Fernandez, Maria E. Wippold, Rosario Torres-Vigil, Isabel Byrd, Theresa Freeberg, Diamond Bains, Yadvindera Guajardo, Jessica Coughlin, Steven S. Vernon, Sally W. TI Colorectal cancer screening among Latinos from US cities along the Texas-Mexico border SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; hispanics; health literacy; qualitative research; cancer screening ID AMERICAN MEN; BARRIERS; HEALTH; RISK; POPULATION; COMMUNITIES; HISPANICS; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; FATALISM AB Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are comparatively low for U.S. Hispanics. To learn more about the factors influencing CRC screening among Hispanics living along the U.S.-Mexico border, 12 focus groups were conducted with Hispanic men and women aged 50 years and older in three Texas counties; Cameron County (Brownsville), Webb County (Laredo), and El Paso County, (El Paso). The focus group guide contained questions about health care behavior, knowledge about CRC, experiences with cancer, and factors that influence CRC screening. A total of 92 individuals participated with the majority aged 50-69 (75%). Twenty percent were born in the United States and 51% had lived in the United States for more than 20 years. Participants had low levels of education, income, and insurance coverage. The analysis revealed several overarching and contextual themes relating to knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and emotions about cancer and CRC screening. A prevalent theme that emerged from all groups was frustration and a lack of confidence in the U.S. healthcare system. Few participants had been advised by their providers to obtain CRC screening. Lack of patient knowledge about colorectal cancer and screening appeared to be a critical factor influencing screening. Themes about death and pain due to cancer were prevalent as were cultural factors such as machismo and embarrassment. System level barriers such as cost, medical insurance and transportation also impacted screening. These findings suggest that strategies are needed to educate Hispanic residents of border communities about CRC and to motivate them to undergo CRC screening. C1 [Fernandez, Maria E.; Wippold, Rosario; Vernon, Sally W.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Torres-Vigil, Isabel] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Res Minor Hlth, Dept Hlth Disparities Red, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Byrd, Theresa] Sch Publ Hlth El Paso Reg Campus, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. [Freeberg, Diamond] Univ Texas Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Freeberg, Diamond] Univ Texas Brownsville & Texas Southmost Coll, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Bains, Yadvindera] Canc Phys Associates, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Guajardo, Jessica] Doctors Res Cant Treatment Ctr, Laredo 78045, Spain. [Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fernandez, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, UCT 7000 Fannin,Suite 2558, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Maria.E.Femandez@uth.tinc.edu; Rosario.Wippold@uth.tinc.edu; Istorres@mdanderson.org; Theresa.L.Byrd@uth.tmc.edu; diamond.freeberg@utb.edu; drbains@aol.com; jessica.guajardo@uhsinc.com; slc9@cdc.gov; Sally.W.Vernon@uth.tmc.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [19-04U48 DP000057]; NCI NIH HHS [CA 97263, U56 CA 0999038]; PHS HHS [16-04U48 CCU6009653, 18-04U48 DCCU6009653, 2-02U48 CCU6009653] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10552-007-9085-6 PG 12 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 268MG UT WOS:000253583300009 PM 18038186 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Berkowitz, Z Ekwueme, DU AF Ross, Louie E. Berkowitz, Zahava Ekwueme, Donatus U. TI Use of the prostate-specific antigen test among US men: Findings from the 2005 national health interview survey SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES; PATIENTS SELF-REPORTS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; PSA TEST; GUIDELINES; PHYSICIANS; BREAST AB Background: Although evidence that prostate cancer deaths are reduced by screening for elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration coupled with early diagnosis and treatment is insufficient to advocate routine screening for prostate cancer, PSA testing has become more common in the past decade. We examined characteristics that might influence testing and compared test use between men ages 40 to 49 and 50 to 79 years. Methods: We used data from 7,669 participants with no history of prostate cancer in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Results: Among men reporting about PSA testing, an estimated 16% of 40- to 49-year-old men and 49% of 50- to 79-year-old men had a PSA test in the past 2 years. In multivariate analyses, among men ages 40 to 49 years, non-Hispanic Black men were more likely (P < 0.05) to have had a PSA test than non-Hispanic White men. We found no significant difference by race/ ethnicity in men ages 50 to 79 years. Higher education, higher poverty threshold, usual source of medical care, family history of prostate cancer, and comorbid conditions were associated with increased PSA test use in both age groups. Additionally, men ages 50 to 79 years born in the United States, who were married, had private or military health insurance, and had been diagnosed with another cancer type were more likely to be tested. Conclusions: Findings from the multivariate analyses indicated significantly higher PSA test use among younger non-Hispanic Black men than among non-Hispanic White men. These findings may indicate that healthcare providers are getting and conveying the message of increased risk of prostate cancer among African American men. C1 [Ross, Louie E.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Ekwueme, Donatus U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zab3@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2709 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 279RZ UT WOS:000254373600023 PM 18349281 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Guessous, I Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, Marta Guessous, Idris Khoury, Muin J. TI "Intention to Analyze" in pharmacogenornics studies SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Letter ID THERAPY RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; NICOTINE PATCH; SMOKING-CESSATION; ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE C1 [Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guessous, Idris] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 740 EP 740 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2929 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 279RZ UT WOS:000254373600040 PM 18349299 ER PT J AU Sievert, DM Rudrik, JT Patel, JB McDonald, LC Wilkins, MJ Hageman, JC AF Sievert, Dawn M. Rudrik, James T. Patel, Jean B. McDonald, L. Clifford Wilkins, Melinda J. Hageman, Jeffrey C. TI Vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NNIS SYSTEM REPORT; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; METHICILLIN; INFECTIONS; ISOLATE; PATIENT; CLUSTER AB Background. This report compares the clinical characteristics, epidemiologic investigations, infection-control evaluations, and microbiologic findings of all 7 of the cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection in the United States during the period 2002-2006. Methods. Epidemiologic, clinical, and infection-control information was collected. VRSA isolates underwent confirmatory identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and typing of the resistance genes. To assess VRSA transmission, case patients and their contacts were screened for VRSA carriage. Results. Seven cases were identified from 2002 through 2006; 5 were reported from Michigan, 1 was reported from Pennsylvania, and 1 was reported from New York. All VRSA isolates were vanA positive and had a median vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 mg/mL. All case patients had a history of prior methicillin-resistant S. aureus and enterococcal infection or colonization; all had several underlying conditions, including chronic skin ulcers; and most had received vancomycin therapy prior to their VRSA infection. Person-to-person transmission of VRSA was not identified beyond any of the case patients. Infection-control precautions were evaluated and were consistent with established guidelines. Conclusions. Seven patients with vanA-positive VRSA have been identified in the United States. Prompt detection by microbiology laboratories and adherence to recommended infection control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms appear to have prevented transmission to other patients. C1 [Sievert, Dawn M.; Patel, Jean B.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Hageman, Jeffrey C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sievert, Dawn M.; Rudrik, James T.; Wilkins, Melinda J.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Sievert, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DSievert@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 236 Z9 254 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.1086/527392 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 266RC UT WOS:000253453700004 PM 18257700 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC AF Tenover, Fred C. TI Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A perfect but geographically limited storm? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOCCI; INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; ISOLATE; GENE C1 [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 675 EP 677 DI 10.1086/527393 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 266RC UT WOS:000253453700005 PM 18257701 ER PT J AU Holt, JB Lo, CP AF Holt, James B. Lo, C. P. TI The geography of mortality in the Atlanta metropolitan area SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Atlanta; urbanization; mortality; GIS; geographically weighted regression ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INCOME INEQUALITY; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES; EDUCATIONAL-LEVEL; HEALTH; URBAN; REGRESSION; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATION AB From exploratory spatial data analyses and geographically weighted regression (GWR), we found that previously hypothesized relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), race, urbanization and mortality were present and significant in the Atlanta metropolitan area for 1995-1999 and that the relationships between these predictors and mortality varied spatially, such that distinctive geographic patterns emerged. These patterns reflect the spatial processes operating in Atlanta for the past few decades, namely, rapid residential and commercial development in the outer portions of the metropolitan area and a concurrent movement of the affluent white population away from the central city, leaving behind a predominantly African American population with low SES. We also found that the relative influence of each predictor on mortality varied spatially, with SES demonstrating the most dominant influence in the majority of the study area and race demonstrating the most dominant influence in and near the City of Atlanta. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holt, James B.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lo, C. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Holt, JB (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-67,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jgh4@cdc.gov; chpanglo@uga.edu NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.08.009 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 288IS UT WOS:000254980300005 ER PT J AU Kanwal, R AF Kanwal, Richard TI Bronchiolitis obliterans in workers exposed to flavoring chemicals SO CURRENT OPINION IN PULMONARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bronchiolitis obliterans; diacetyl; flavorings; occupational lung disease ID LUNG-DISEASE; POPCORN; PLANT AB Purpose of review Medical and environmental surveys at microwave popcorn plants and flavoring production plants have revealed a risk for bronchiolitis obliterans in workers exposed to flavoring chemicals. Workers in other food industries may also be at risk. This review summarizes the available information on disease characteristics and natural history and provides information on workplace characteristics associated with disease development. Recent findings Investigations carried out in flavoring plants in California have identified severely affected current and former workers in four plants. Affected former workers have also been identified at a plant in the Netherlands that manufactured diacetyl, a predominant chemical in butter flavorings which has been implicated as a causal agent for lung disease in microwave popcorn workers. Summary Workers who manufacture or use flavorings can be subjected to repeated intense exposures to flavoring chemicals. Affected workers can progress to severe fixed airways obstruction in as little as 7 months. Since medical treatment is generally ineffective, early identification of affected workers and removal from further exposure, along with control of exposures to protect coworkers, are essential to minimize this hazard. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kanwal, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rkanwal@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1070-5287 J9 CURR OPIN PULM MED JI Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 266XG UT WOS:000253470400010 PM 18303424 ER PT J AU Schwartz, AV Vittinghoff, E Sellmeyer, DE Feingold, KR de Rekeneire, N Strotmeyer, ES Shorr, RI Vinik, AI Odden, MC Park, SW Faulkner, KA Harris, TB AF Schwartz, Ann V. Vittinghoff, Eric Sellmeyer, Deborah E. Feingold, Kenneth R. de Rekeneire, Nathalie Strotmeyer, Elsa S. Shorr, Ronald I. Vinik, Aaron I. Odden, Michelle C. Park, Seok Won Faulkner, Kimberly A. Harris, Tamara B. CA Hlth Aging Body Composition Study TI Diabetes-related complications, glycemic control, and falls in older adults SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res ID CREATININE CLEARANCE; ELDERLY RESIDENTS; WOMENS HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; CYSTATIN-C; NEUROPATHY; MEN; AGE AB OBJECTIVE - Older adults with type 2 diabetes are more likely to fall, but little is known about risk factors for falls in this population. We determined whether diabetes-related complications or treatments are associated with risk of falls in older diabetic adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In the Health, Aging, and Body Composition cohort of well-functioning older adults participants reported falls in the previous year at annual visits. Odds ratios (ORs) for more frequent falls among 446 diabetic participants whose mean age was 73.6 years, with an average follow-up of 4.9 years, were estimated with continuation ratio models. RESULTS - in the first year, 24% reported falling; 22, 26, 3 1, and 30% fell in subsequent years. In adjusted models, reduced peroneal nerve response amplitude (OR 1.50 -95% CI 1.07-2.12], worst quartile versus others); higher cystatin-C, a marker of reduced renal function (1.38 [1.11-1.71], for 1 SD increase); poorer contrast sensitivity (1.41 [0.97-2.04], worst quartile versus others); and low A1C in insulin users (4.36 [1.32-14.461, A1C <= 6 vs. >8%) were associated with risk of falls. In those using oral hypoglycemic medications but not insulin, low A1C was not associated With risk of falls (1.29 [0.65-2.54], A1C <= 6 vs. >8%). Adjustment for physical performance explained some, but not all, of these associations. CONCLUSIONS - in older diabetic adults, reducing diabetes-related complications may prevent falls. Achieving lower A1C levels with oral hypoglycemic medications was not associated with more frequent falls, but, among those using insulin, A1C <= 6% increased risk of falls. C1 [Schwartz, Ann V.; Vittinghoff, Eric] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Sellmeyer, Deborah E.; Feingold, Kenneth R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [de Rekeneire, Nathalie; Harris, Tamara B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strotmeyer, Elsa S.; Park, Seok Won; Faulkner, Kimberly A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Shorr, Ronald I.] Univ Florida, Div Geriatr, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Vinik, Aaron I.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Strelitz Diabet Inst, Dept Internal Med, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Vinik, Aaron I.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Anat & Pathol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Odden, Michelle C.] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. [Park, Seok Won] Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Internal Med, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Schwartz, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 185 Berry St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM aschwartz@psg.ucsf.edu RI Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014; OI Strotmeyer, Elsa/0000-0002-4093-6036 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK064597-02, R21 DK064597] NR 31 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.2337/dc07-1152 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 271PL UT WOS:000253801100003 PM 18056893 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Zhao, GX Pearson, WS Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Zhao, Guixiang Pearson, William S. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adolescents using the definition from the international diabetes federation SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; OBESITY; RISK; WEIGHT AB OBJECTIVE - Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the 2007 pediatric International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition among adolescents in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used data from 2,014 participants aged 12-17 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. RESULTS - The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome for the period 1999-2004 was similar to 4.5% (similar to 1.1 million adolescents aged 12-17 years in 2006). It increased with age, was higher among males (6.7%) than females (2.1%) (P = 0.006), and was highest among Mexican-American adolescents (7.1%). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was relatively stable across the 6-year period: 4.5% for 1999-2000, 4.4-4.5% for 2001-2002, and 3.7-3.9% for 2003-2004 (P for linear trend > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS - Our results provide the first estimates of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the pediatric IDF definition among adolescents in the U.S. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Zhao, Guixiang; Pearson, William S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 587 EP 589 DI 10.2337/dc07-1030 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 271PL UT WOS:000253801100045 PM 18071007 ER PT J AU Baron, EJ Miller, JM AF Baron, Ellen Jo Miller, J. Michael TI Bacterial and fungal infections among diagnostic laboratory workers: evaluating the risks SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE laboratory-acquired infections; laboratory accidents; sniffing plates; laboratory risks ID ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS; SAFETY; CULTURES AB Accidental infections acquired in the laboratory environment are not reportable in a formal forum outside the institution, and therefore, there is little opportunity to evaluate such occurrences and learn from them. We evaluated voluntary responses from 88 facilities, 53 large hospitals (>200 beds) or academic institutions, 32 smaller facilities (<200 beds), and 3 national reference diagnostic laboratories. Thirty-eight of the laboratories (43%), 15 large and 23 small facilities, reported no known exposures during 2002 to 2004. Twenty-one laboratories, 17 large and 4 small institutions, reported at least I exposure. Even in this small study, laboratory-acquired infections were reported by 29 laboratories (33%), 24 in large facilities and 5 in small sites. Of the organisms causing laboratory-acquired infections in this survey, Shigella was the most common, followed by Brucella, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. Although Neisseria meningitidis is perceived to be commonly acquired, only 4 cases were reported by the 88 respondents. Recommendations for reducing exposure risks are provided. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, J. Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoon Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baron, Ellen Jo] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoon Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmm8@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.016 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 272WX UT WOS:000253893500001 PM 17997259 ER PT J AU Sharma, AJ Weiss, EC Young, SL Stephens, K Ratard, R Straif-Bourgeois, S Sokol, TM Vranken, P Rubin, CH AF Sharma, Andrea J. Weiss, Edward C. Young, Stacy L. Stephens, Kevin Ratard, Raoult Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne Sokol, Theresa M. Vranken, Peter Rubin, Carol H. TI Chronic Disease and Related Conditions at Emergency Treatment Facilities in the New Orleans Area After Hurricane Katrina SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE surveillance; chronic disease; disasters; Louisiana; obstetrics AB Background: Disaster preparations usually focus on preventing injury and infectious disease. However, people with chronic disease and related conditions (CDRCs), including obstetric/gynecological conditions, may be vulnerable to disruptions caused by disasters. Methods: We used surveillance data collected after Hurricane Katrina to characterize the burden of visits for CDRCs at emergency treatment facilities (eg, hospitals, disaster medical assistance teams, military aid stations). In 6 parishes in and around New Orleans, health care providers at 29 emergency treatment facilities completed a standardized questionnaire for injury and illness surveillance from September 8 through October 22, 2005. Results: Of 21,673 health care visits, 58.0% were for illness (24.3% CDRCs, 75.7% non-CDRCs), 29.1% for injury, 7.2% for medication refills, and 5.7% for routine or follow-up care. The proportion of visits for CDRCs increased with age. Among men presenting with CDRCs, the most common illnesses were cardiovascular disease (36.8%), chronic lower-respiratory disease (12.3%), and diabetes/glucose abnormalities (7.7%). Among women presenting with CDRCs, the most common were cardiovascular disease (29.2%), obstetric/gynecological conditions (18.2%), and chronic lower-respiratory disease (12.0%). Subsequent hospitalization occurred among 28.7% of people presenting with CDRCs versus 10.9% of those with non-CDRCs and 3.8% of those with injury. Conclusions: Our data illustrate the importance of including CDRCs as a part of emergency response planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008; 2: 27-32) C1 [Sharma, Andrea J.; Weiss, Edward C.; Vranken, Peter] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Young, Stacy L.; Rubin, Carol H.] CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stephens, Kevin] City New Orleans Hlth Dept, New Orleans, LA USA. [Ratard, Raoult; Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne; Sokol, Theresa M.] Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Off Publ Hlth, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. RP Sharma, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ajsharma@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e31816452f0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GV UT WOS:000207521000011 PM 18388655 ER PT J AU Ransom, MM Goodman, RA Moulton, AD AF Ransom, Montrece McNeill Goodman, Richard A. Moulton, Anthony D. TI Addressing Gaps in Health Care Sector Legal Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE health care providers; public health preparedness; legal issues; public health emergencies; public health law AB Health care providers and their legal counsel play pivotal roles in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies. Lawyers representing hospitals, health systems, and other health care provider components are being called upon to answer complex legal questions regarding public health preparedness issues that most providers have not previously faced. Many of these issues are legal issues with which public health officials should be familiar, and that can serve as a starting point for cross-sector legal preparedness planning involving both the public health and health care communities. This article examines legal issues that health care providers face in preparing for public health emergencies, and steps that providers, their legal counsel, and others can take to address those issues and to strengthen community preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:50-56) C1 [Ransom, Montrece McNeill; Goodman, Richard A.; Moulton, Anthony D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ransom, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D 30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mransom@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e3181587cff PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GV UT WOS:000207521000014 PM 18388658 ER PT J AU Subbarao, I Lyznicki, JM Hsu, EB Gebbie, KM Markenson, D Barzansky, B Armstrong, JH Cassimatis, EG Coule, PL Dallas, CE King, RV Rubinson, L Sattin, R Swienton, RE Lillibridge, S Burkle, FM Schwartz, RB James, JJ AF Subbarao, Italo Lyznicki, James M. Hsu, Edbert B. Gebbie, Kristine M. Markenson, David Barzansky, Barbara Armstrong, John H. Cassimatis, Emmanuel G. Coule, Philip L. Dallas, Cham E. King, Richard V. Rubinson, Lewis Sattin, Richard Swienton, Raymond E. Lillibridge, Scott Burkle, Frederick M. Schwartz, Richard B. James, James J. TI A Consensus-based Educational Framework and Competency Set for the Discipline of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article AB Background: Various organizations and universities have developed competencies for health professionals and other emergency responders. Little effort has been devoted to the integration of these competencies across health specialties and professions. The American Medical Association Center for Public Health Preparedness and Disaster Response convened an expert working group (EWG) to review extant competencies and achieve consensus on an educational framework and competency set from which educators could devise learning objectives and curricula tailored to fit the needs of all health professionals in a disaster. Methods: The EWG conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed published literature. In addition, after-action reports from Hurricane Katrina and relevant publications recommended by EWG members and other subject matter experts were reviewed for congruencies and gaps. Consensus was ensured through a 3-stage Delphi process. Results: The EWG process developed a new educational framework for disaster medicine and public health preparedness based on consensus identification of 7 core learning domains, 19 core competencies, and 73 specific competencies targeted at 3 broad health personnel categories. Conclusions: The competencies can be applied to a wide range of health professionals who are expected to perform at different levels (informed worker/student, practitioner, leader) according to experience, professional role, level of education, or job function. Although these competencies strongly reflect lessons learned following the health system response to Hurricane Katrina, it must be understood that preparedness is a process, and that these competencies must be reviewed continually and refined over time. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:57-68) C1 [Subbarao, Italo] Amer Med Assoc, Publ Hlth Readiness Off, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Lyznicki, James M.; James, James J.] Amer Med Assoc, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness & Disaster Response, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Hsu, Edbert B.] Johns Hopkins Off Crit Event Preparedness & Respo, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gebbie, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, Ctr Hlth Policy, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Markenson, David] New York Med Coll, Ctr Disaster Med, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Barzansky, Barbara] Amer Med Assoc, Div Undergrad Med Educ, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Armstrong, John H.] Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cassimatis, Emmanuel G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Coule, Philip L.] Med Coll Georgia, Ctr Operat Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Dallas, Cham E.] Univ Georgia, Inst Hlth Management Mass Destruct Def, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swienton, Raymond E.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr, Disaster Med & Homeland Secur Sect, Emergency Med Serv, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lillibridge, Scott] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Global Hlth & Secur Program, Ctr Biosecur & Publ Hlth Preparedness, College Stn, TX USA. [Schwartz, Richard B.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Emergency Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Subbarao, I (reprint author), Amer Med Assoc, Publ Hlth Readiness Off, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. FU PHS HHS [T01 HP06415] NR 42 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e31816564af PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GV UT WOS:000207521000015 PM 18388659 ER PT J AU Barlow, M Reik, RA Jacobs, SD Medina, M Meyer, MR McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Barlow, Miriam Reik, Rebecca A. Jacobs, Stephen D. Medina, Monica Meyer, Matthew P. McGowan, John E., Jr. Tenover, Fred C. TI High rate of mobilization for bla(CTX-M)s SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM-BETA-LACTAMASES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLASMIDIC CEFOTAXIMASE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; KLUYVERA-GEORGIANA; HONG-KONG; EVOLUTION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CHROMOSOME; RESISTANCE AB We constructed a phylogenetic analysis of class A beta-lactamases and found that the bla (CTX-M)s have been mobilized to plasmids approximate to 10 times more frequently than other class A beta-lactamases. We also found that the bla(CTX-M)s are descended from a common ancestor that was incorporated in ancient times into the chromosome of the ancestor of Kluyvera species through horizontal transfer. Considerable sequence divergence has occurred among the descendents of that ancestral gene sequence since that gene was inserted. That divergence has mainly occurred in the presence of purifying selection, which indicates a slow rate of evolution for bla(CTX-M)s in the pre-antimicrobial drug era. C1 [Barlow, Miriam; Jacobs, Stephen D.; Medina, Monica; Meyer, Matthew P.] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Reik, Rebecca A.; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barlow, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, POB 2039, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM mbarlow@ucmerced.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.3201/eid1403.070405 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800010 PM 18325257 ER PT J AU Dare, RK Chittaganpitch, M Erdman, DD AF Dare, Ryan K. Chittaganpitch, Malinee Erdman, Dean D. TI Screening pneumonia patients for mimivirus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL ID VIRUS AB Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APM), a virus of free-living amebae, has reportedly caused human respiratory disease. Using 2 newly developed real-time PCR assays, we screened 496 respiratory specimens from 9 pneumonia-patient populations for APM. This virus was not detected in any specimen, which suggests it is not a common respiratory pathogen. C1 [Dare, Ryan K.; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chittaganpitch, Malinee] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.3201/eid1403.071027 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800016 PM 18325263 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RM Hadfield, SJ Jackson, CJ Elwin, K Xiao, LH Hunter, P AF Chalmers, Rachel M. Hadfield, Stephen J. Jackson, Colin J. Elwin, Kristin Xiao, Lihua Hunter, Paul TI Geographic linkage and variation in cryptosporidium hominis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBTYPES; PARVUM; HUMANS; INDIA AB UK Cryptosporidium hominis isolates have previously shown slight PCR fragment length polymorphism at multiple loci. To further investigate transmission, we conducted a case-control study and sequenced the GP60 locus from 115 isolates. Nine subtypes were identified; IbA10G2 predominated. Having a non-IbA10G2 subtype was significantly linked to recent travel outside Europe. C1 [Chalmers, Rachel M.; Hadfield, Stephen J.; Elwin, Kristin] Singleton Hosp, Natl Publ Hlth Serv Microbiol, UK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. [Jackson, Colin J.] Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hunter, Paul] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Chalmers, RM (reprint author), Singleton Hosp, Natl Publ Hlth Serv Microbiol, UK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. EM rachel.chalmers@nphs.wales.nhs.uk RI Hunter, Paul/A-7172-2008; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 496 EP 498 DI 10.3201/eid1403.071320 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800025 PM 18325272 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, Martin I. TI Pandemic, influenza, reopening schools, and returning to work SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERVENTIONS C1 Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmeltzer@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 509 EP 510 DI 10.3201/eid1403.080026 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800029 PM 18325276 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Nicholson, WL Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA AF Massung, Robert F. Nicholson, William L. Eremeeva, Marina E. Dasch, Gregory A. TI On Rickettsia nomenclature SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION C1 [Massung, Robert F.; Nicholson, William L.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmassung@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 511 EP 511 DI 10.3201/eid1403.080065 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800030 PM 18325277 ER PT J AU Gill, JS Ullmann, AJ Loftis, AD Schwan, TG Raffel, SJ Schrumpf, ME Piesman, J AF Gill, James S. Ullmann, Amy J. Loftis, Amanda D. Schwan, Tom G. Raffel, Sandra J. Schrumpf, Merry E. Piesman, Joseph TI Novel relapsing fever spirochete in bat tick SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NORTH-AMERICA; KELLEYI ACARI; ARGASIDAE; HERMSII; GENE C1 Iowa State Univ, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. [Ullmann, Amy J.; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwan, Tom G.; Raffel, Sandra J.; Schrumpf, Merry E.] Natl Inst Hlth, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT USA. RP Gill, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 313 N Mt Vernon Dr, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. EM bugmangill@yahoo.com FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 522 EP 523 DI 10.3201/eid1403.070766 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800038 PM 18325285 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polynexi TI Hygeia as muse SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 534 EP 535 DI 10.3201/eid1403.032008 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800044 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Ye, X Wong, LY Reidy, JA Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Ye, Xiaoyun Wong, Lee-Yang Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. TI Urinary concentrations of Triclosan in the US population: 2003-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyt ether; 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenol; biomonitoring; exposure; human; Irgasan; NHANES 2003-2004; urine ID WASTE-WATER; 2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXYDIPHENYL ETHER; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ANTIBACTERIAL SOAPS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE WATERS; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; SEDIMENTS AB BACKGROUND: Triclosan is a synthetic chemical with broad antimicrobial activity that has been used extensively in consumer products, including personal care products, textiles, and plastic kitchenware. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess exposure to triclosan in a representative sample >= 6 years of age of the U.S. general population from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: We analyzed 2,517 urine samples using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We detected concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) triclosan in 74.6% of samples at concentrations of 2.4-3,790 mu g/L. The geometric mean and 95th. percentile concentrations were 13.0 mu g/L (12.7 mu g/g creatinine) and 459.0 mu g/L (363.8 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. We observed a curvilinear relation between age and adjusted least square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of triclosan. LSGM concentrations of triclosan were higher in people in the high household income than in people in low (p < 0.01) and medium (p = 0.04) income categories. CONCLUSIONS: In about three-quarters of urine samples analyzed as part of NHANES 2003-2004, we detected concentrations of triclosan. Concentrations differed by age and socioeconomic status but not by race/ethnicity and sex. Specifically, the concentrations of triclosan appeared to be highest during the third decade of life and among people with the highest household incomes. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun; Wong, Lee-Yang; Reidy, John A.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 44 TC 187 Z9 193 U1 5 U2 49 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1289/ehp.10768 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600025 PM 18335095 ER PT J AU Hogberg, J Hanberg, A Berglund, M Skerfving, S Remberger, M Calafat, AM Filipsson, AF Jansson, B Johansson, N Appelgren, M Hakansson, H AF Hogberg, Johan Hanberg, Annika Berglund, Marika Skerfving, Staffan Remberger, Mikael Calafat, Antonia M. Filipsson, Agneta Falk Jansson, Bo Johansson, Niklas Appelgren, Malin Hakansson, Helen TI Phthalate diesters and their metabolites in human breast milk, blood or serum, and urine as biomarkers of exposure in vulnerable populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; blood; breast milk; metabolites; perinatal; phthalates; urine ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; GENERAL-POPULATION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, blood or serum, and urine and to evaluate their suitability for assessing perinatal exposure to phthalates. METHODS: In 2001, 2-3 weeks after delivery, 42 Swedish primipara provided breast milk, blood, and urine samples at home. Special care was taken to minimize contamination with phthalates (e.g., use of a special breast milk pump, heat treatment of glassware and needles, addition of phosphoric acid). RESULTS: Phthalate diesters and metabolites in milk and blood or serum, if detected, were present at concentrations close to the limit of detection. By contrast, most phthalate metabolites were detectable in urine at concentrations comparable to those from the general population in the United States and in Germany. No correlations existed between urine concentrations and those found in milk or blood/serum for single phthalate metabolites. Our data are at odds with a previous study documenting frequent detection and comparatively high concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Finnish and Danish mothers' milk. CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine are more informative than those in milk or serum. Furthermore, collection of milk or blood may be associated with discomfort and potential technical problems such as contamination (unless oxidative metabolites are measured). Although urine is a suitable matrix for health-related phthalate monitoring, urinary concentrations in nursing mothers cannot be used to estimate exposure to phthalates through milk ingestion by breast-fed infants. C1 [Hogberg, Johan; Hanberg, Annika; Berglund, Marika; Filipsson, Agneta Falk; Johansson, Niklas; Appelgren, Malin; Hakansson, Helen] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Skerfving, Staffan] Univ Lund Hosp, Sect Occupat & Environm Med, Lund, Sweden. [Remberger, Mikael] IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst Ltd, Stockholm, Sweden. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jansson, Bo] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Niklas] Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hogberg, J (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Nobels Vag 13, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. EM johan.hogberg@ki.se OI Hanberg, Annika/0000-0001-7255-9856; Berglund, Marika/0000-0003-4241-4706 NR 47 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 13 U2 68 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1289/ehp.10788 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600030 PM 18335100 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Woodruff, TJ Akinbami, LJ Kravets, N AF Parker, Jennifer D. Woodruff, Tracey J. Akinbami, Lara J. Kravets, Nataliya TI Linkage of the US National Health Interview Survey to air monitoring data: An evaluation of different strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; health status; selection bias; National Health Interview Survey; fine particles ID EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT ERROR; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INFANT-MORTALITY; POLLUTION; MORBIDITY; CONSEQUENCES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CONFOUNDER AB The goal of this study is to describe linkages between the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air monitoring data, specifically how the linkage method affects characteristics and exposure estimates of study samples and estimated associations between exposure and health. In the USA, nationally representative health data are collected in the NHIS and annual air quality data are collected by the EPA. The linkage of these data for research is not straightforward and the choices made may introduce bias into results. The 2000-2003 NHIS and air quality data for six air pollutants were linked by residential block group and monitor location, which differ by pollutants. For each pollutant, three annual exposure variables were assigned to respondents: (1) average of all monitors in the county, (2) of monitors within a 5-mile radius of the distance between block group and monitor, and (3) within a 20-mile radius. Exposure estimates, study sample characteristics, and association between fine particle exposure and respondent-reported health status were compared for different geographic linkage methods. The results showed that study sample characteristics varied by geographic linkage method and pollutant linked. Generally, the fewer the NHIS respondents linked, the higher is the pollution exposure and lower is the percentage of non-Hispanic whites. After adjustment for sociodemographic and geographic factors, associations between fine particles and health status were generally comparable across study samples. Because exposure information is not available for all potential participants in an epidemiological study, selection effects should be considered when drawing inferences about air quality-health associations. With the current monitoring data system, the study sample is substantially reduced when linkage to multiple pollutants is performed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.; Akinbami, Lara J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.11.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284TG UT WOS:000254728100014 PM 18078922 ER PT J AU Riggs, MA Rao, CY Brown, CM Van Sickle, D Cummings, KJ Dunn, KH Deddens, JA Ferdinands, J Callahan, D Moolenaar, RL Pinkerton, LE AF Riggs, Margaret A. Rao, Carol Y. Brown, Clive M. Van Sickle, David Cummings, Kristin J. Dunn, Kevin H. Deddens, James A. Ferdinands, Jill Callahan, David Moolenaar, Ronald L. Pinkerton, Lynne E. TI Resident cleanup activities, characteristics of flood-damaged homes and airborne microbial concentrations in New Orleans, Louisiana, October 2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mold; hurricane; flooding; glucan; endotoxin ID AIRWAYS INFLAMMATION; INDOOR AIR; ENDOTOXIN; BUILDINGS; GLUCAN; ENVIRONMENTS; EXPOSURES; SYMPTOMS; FUNGI; RISK AB Background: Flooding in the greater New Orleans (GNO) area after the hurricanes caused extensive mold growth in homes resulting in public health concerns. Objectives: We conducted an environmental assessment of homes to determine the extent and type of microbial growth. Methods: We randomly selected 112 homes, stratified by water damage, and then visually assessed mold growth. Air samples from a subset of 20 homes were analyzed for culturable fungi, fungal spores, and markers of mold ((1 -> 3, 1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans) and bacteria (endotoxin). Results: Visible mold growth occurred in 49 (44%) homes; IS (16%) homes had > 50% mold coverage. Flood levels were > 6 ft at 20 (19%), 3-6 ft at 20 (19%), and <3 ft at 28 (26%) homes out of 107; no flooding at 39 (36%) homes. The residents spent an average of 18 h (range: 1-84) doing heavy cleaning and of those, 22 (38%) reported using an N-95 or other respirator. Visible mold growth was significantly associated with flood height >= 3 ft and the predominant fungi indoors were Aspergillus and Penicillium species, which were in higher concentrations in homes with a flood level >= 3 ft. Geometric mean (GM) levels of endotoxin were as high as 40.2 EU/m(3), while G M glucan levels were as high as 3.5 mu g/m(3) even when flooding was <= 3 ft. Conclusions: Based on our observations of visible mold, we estimated that elevated mold growth was present in 194,000 (44%) homes in the GNO area and 70,000 (16%) homes had heavy mold growth. Concentrations of endotoxin and glucans exceeded those previously associated with health effects. With such high levels of microbial growth following flooding, potentially harmful inhalation exposures can be present For persons entering or cleaning affected homes. Persons exposed to water-damaged homes should follow the CDC recommendations developed following the 2005 hurricanes for appropriate respiratory precautions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Riggs, Margaret A.; Rao, Carol Y.; Van Sickle, David; Cummings, Kristin J.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Riggs, Margaret A.; Deddens, James A.; Pinkerton, Lynne E.] CDC, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Rao, Carol Y.] NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Clive M.; Van Sickle, David; Dunn, Kevin H.; Ferdinands, Jill; Callahan, David; Moolenaar, Ronald L.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cummings, Kristin J.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Riggs, MA (reprint author), Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth & Protect Safety, 275 E Main St, Frankfort, KY 40621 USA. EM MRiggs@cdc.gov RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.11.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284TG UT WOS:000254728100016 PM 18199434 ER PT J AU McGruder, HE Greenlund, KJ Malarcher, AM Antoine, TL Croft, JB Zheng, ZJ AF McGruder, Henraya E. Greenlund, Kurt J. Malarcher, Ann M. Antoine, Theresa L. Croft, Janet B. Zheng, Zhi-Jie TI Racial and ethnic disparities associated with knowledge of symptoms of heart attack and use of 911: National Health Interview Survey, 2001 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE racial differences; heart attack; emergency medical care; warning symptoms; education ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; PREHOSPITAL DELAY; UNITED-STATES; REACT TRIAL; STROKE; TIME; SIGNS; INTERVENTION; AWARENESS AB Objective: Heart attacks are more prevalent among Hispanics and Blacks than among Whites. Bystanders must be able to recognize heart attack symptoms and activate the emergency response system in order to receive time-dependent therapies that increase survival. This study estimated racial/ethnic disparities in awareness of heart attack symptoms in a sample of the US population. Methods: We evaluated data from 33,059 adult participants in the 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Respondents indicated their awareness of five heart attack symptoms and the need to call 911 in the presence of such symptoms. Results: Hispanics and Blacks were less likely to recognize each heart attack symptom than were Whites (P<.05). Hispanics (25.6%), people aged 18-24 years (33.6%), men (39.1%), and those with less than a high school education (31.3%) were less likely to recognize all five heart attack symptoms and report that they would call 911 than were Whites (45.8%), Blacks (36.1%), respondents aged 45-64 years (47.7%) and >65 years (43.9%), and those with a high school education (41.0%) or more (45.6%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, Blacks (OR.73, 95% Cl .66-.80) and Hispanics (OR .49, 95% Cl .45-.54) were less likely than were Whites to recognize all five heart attack symptoms and the need to call 911 if someone had these symptoms. Conclusions: One Healthy People 2010 goal is to eliminate health disparities. Racial/ethnic disparities exist in knowledge of heart attack symptoms and the need to call 911. Special educational efforts should focus on Black and Hispanic populations and highlight the importance of symptoms and time-dependent therapies. C1 [McGruder, Henraya E.; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Croft, Janet B.; Zheng, Zhi-Jie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Malarcher, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Antoine, Theresa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Qual Promot, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGruder, HE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hdd8@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286YH UT WOS:000254882200012 PM 18507273 ER PT J AU Crane, LA Daley, MF Barrow, J Babbel, C Beaty, BL Steiner, JF Kempe, A Dickinson, LM Stokley, S AF Crane, Lori A. Daley, Matthew F. Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Beaty, Brenda L. Steiner, John F. Kempe, Allison Dickinson, L. Miriam Stokley, Shannon TI Sentinel physician networks as a technique for rapid immunization policy surveys SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article DE survey methods; physician attitudes; vaccine policy; sentinel network ID NONRESPONSE BIAS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; RESPONSE RATES; PEDIATRICIANS; GENERALIST; MASTERFILE; ATTITUDES; STATES; MAIL AB This study compared the use of mail and Internet surveys of sentinel networks of physicians with traditional random sample mail surveys for three national vaccine policy surveys. Three nationally representative sentinel networks of physicians were established (pediatricians, n = 427; general internists, n = 438; and family physicians, n = 433). Surveys of the sentinel networks were compared with simultaneous surveys conducted with random samples of the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile. Response rates were 74% to 78% for sentinel surveys and 29% to 43% for traditional random sample surveys. Respondents to the two methods were generally comparable in demographic characteristics. While there were some differences in responses to survey topic questions, none of the differences were likely to affect policy decisions. Sentinel networks represent the opinions and experiences of physicians in a manner equivalent to traditional mail surveys and may provide a more efficient approach to conducting physician surveys. C1 [Crane, Lori A.; Daley, Matthew F.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Beaty, Brenda L.; Steiner, John F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Dickinson, L. Miriam; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crane, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box B-119, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM lori.crane@uchsc.edu NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 43 EP 64 DI 10.1177/0163278707311872 PG 22 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 281BN UT WOS:000254471300003 PM 18184632 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Mokdad, AH Dube, SR Balluz, LS Gonzalez, O Berry, JT Manderscheid, R Kroenke, K AF Strine, Tara W. Mokdad, Ali H. Dube, Shanta R. Balluz, Lina S. Gonzalez, Olinda Berry, Joyce T. Manderscheid, Ron Kroenke, Kurt TI The association of depression and anxiety with obesity and unhealthy behaviors among community-dwelling US adults SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE depression; anxiety; patient health questionnaire 8; adverse health behaviors; obesity ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; BODY-MASS INDEX; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE AB Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which depression and anxiety are associated with smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption in the US population using the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8) and two questions on lifetime diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Methods: Data were analyzed in 38 states, the District of Columbia and two territories using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=217,379), a large state-based telephone survey. Results: Overall, adults with current depression or a lifetime diagnosis of depression or anxiety were significantly more likely than those without each diagnosis to smoke, to be obese, to be physically inactive, to binge drink and drink heavily. There was a dose-response relationship between depression severity and the prevalence of smoking, obesity and physical inactivity and between history of depression (never depressed, previously depressed, currently depressed) and the prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, binge drinking and heavy drinking. Lifetime diagnosis of depression and anxiety bad an additive association with smoking prevalence. Conclusion: The associations between depression, anxiety, obesity and unhealthy behaviors among US adults suggest the need for a multidimensional and integrative approach to health care. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Strine, Tara W.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Dube, Shanta R.; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gonzalez, Olinda; Berry, Joyce T.] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Manderscheid, Ron] Constella Grp, Mental Hlth & Subst Use Programs, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Kroenke, Kurt] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0163-8343 J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT JI Gen. Hosp. Psych. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.12.008 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 270WK UT WOS:000253750700005 PM 18291294 ER PT J AU Bilheimer, LT Sisk, JE AF Bilheimer, Linda T. Sisk, Jane E. TI Collecting adequate data on racial and ethnic disparities in health: The challenges continue SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID CARE; RACE AB Data limitations continue to pose challenges for efforts to identify racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care and analyze the underlying causes. Given budget constraints, the most feasible federal strategies to improve national data are those requiring only modest expenditures. Collaborations among private and public stakeholders hold promise for improving estimation methods and assessing disparities among small populations. C1 [Bilheimer, Linda T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Sisk, Jane E.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bilheimer, LT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM eiy3@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.272.383 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 319UA UT WOS:000257188500010 PM 18332493 ER PT J AU De Ravello, L Abeita, J Brown, P AF De Ravello, Lori Abeita, Jessica Brown, Pam TI Breaking the cycle/mending the hoop: Adverse childhood experiences among incarcerated American Indian/Alaska native women in new Mexico SO HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; MULTIPLE FORMS; SEXUAL-ABUSE; HEALTH; MALTREATMENT; NEGLECT; RISK; PREVALENCE; IMPACT AB Incarcerated American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women have multiple physical, social, and emotional concerns, many of which may stem from adverse childhood experiences (ACE). We interviewed 36 AI/AN women incarcerated in the New Mexico prison system to determine the relationship between ACE and adult outcomes. ACE assessment included physical neglect, dysfunctional family (e.g., household members who abused substances, were mentally ill or suicidal, or who were incarcerated), violence witnessed in the home, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. The most prevalent ACE was dysfunctional family (75%), followed by witnessing violence (72%), sexual abuse (53016), physical abuse (42%), and physical neglect (22%). ACE scores were positively associated with arrests for violent offenses, lifetime suicide attempt(s), and intimate partner violence. C1 [De Ravello, Lori] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Abeita, Jessica] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Brown, Pam] New Mexico Dept Correct, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP De Ravello, L (reprint author), IHS, 5300 Homestead Rd,NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM lderavello@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0739-9332 J9 HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN JI Health Care Women Int. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 300 EP 315 DI 10.1080/07399330701738366 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 290IC UT WOS:000255115500005 PM 18350429 ER PT J AU Yeh, MC Ickes, SB Lowenstein, LM Shuval, K Ammerman, AS Farris, R Katz, DL AF Yeh, Ming-Chin Ickes, Scott B. Lowenstein, Lisa M. Shuval, Kerem Ammerman, Alice S. Farris, Rosanne Katz, David L. TI Understanding barriers and facilitators of fruit and vegetable consumption among a diverse multi-ethnic population in the USA SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fruit and vegetables; barriers and facilitators; qualitative ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INCREASING FRUIT; BLACK CHURCHES; FOOD CHOICES; INTERVENTION; ADULTS; AVAILABILITY; PROGRAM; INCOME; ASSOCIATIONS AB A diet high in fruits and vegetables (F&V) has been associated with a decreased risk of certain cancers, reduced morbidity and mortality from heart disease, and enhanced weight management. Yet to date, most of the US population does not consume the recommended amount of F&V despite numerous interventions and government guidelines to promote consumption. Research has found various impediments to F&V consumption, such as high costs, an obesogenic environment and low socio-economic status. However, studies have not sufficiently focused on barriers and enablers to F&V intake among adult multi-ethnic populations. The present qualitative study examines 147 focus group participants' perceptions of impediments and enablers to F&V consumption. Twelve focus groups were conducted among African American, Hispanic and Caucasian men and women in North Carolina and Connecticut. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and entered into QSR NVivo Software. Text data were systematically analyzed by investigators to identify recurrent themes both within and across groups and states. Focus group results indicate that most participants were aware of the health benefits associated with a diet rich in F&V. Yet many admitted not adhering to the Health and Human Service's recommendations. Individual impediments consisted of the high costs of F&V and a perceived lack of time. Early home food environment was perceived as affecting F&V consumption later in life. Other barriers reported were ethnic-specific. The African American participants reported limited access to fresh produce. This finding is consistent with numerous studies and must be addressed through health promotion intervention. Both the church and primary care clinics were described by African Americans as appropriate settings for health behavior interventions; these findings should be considered. Hispanic participants, mostly immigrants, cited inhibiting factors encountered in their adopted US environment. There is a need to improve the availability and access to fresh F&V commonly available in the home countries of Hispanic immigrants. C1 [Yeh, Ming-Chin] CUNY Hunter Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Urban Publ Hlth Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ickes, Scott B.; Lowenstein, Lisa M.; Ammerman, Alice S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Yeh, Ming-Chin; Shuval, Kerem; Katz, David L.] Yale Prevent Res Ctr, Derby, CT USA. [Farris, Rosanne] Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Katz, David L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Yeh, MC (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Urban Publ Hlth Program, 425 E 25th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM myeh@hunter.cuny.edu OI Katz, David/0000-0001-6845-6192 FU PHS HHS [U48-CCU115802] NR 42 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1093/heapro/dam044 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 267DU UT WOS:000253490500006 PM 18182418 ER PT J AU Koenig, LJ Pals, SL Bush, T Palmore, MP Stratford, D Ellerbrock, TV AF Koenig, Linda J. Pals, Sherri L. Bush, Tim Palmore, Melody Pratt Stratford, Dale Ellerbrock, Tedd V. TI Randomized controlled trial of an intervention to prevent adherence failure among HIV-Infected patients initiating Antiretroviral therapy SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; adherence; compliance; intervention ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; IMPROVE ADHERENCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CLINICAL-TRIALS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PREDICTORS; COHORT; BARRIERS; WOMEN AB Objective: Compare the efficacy of a multicomponent social support intervention to standard-of-care counseling on medication adherence among HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Generalized estimating equations tested for differences in the percentage of participants achieving 90% adherence. Main Outcome Measures: Pill-taking, electronically monitored over 6 consecutive months; plasma viral load (VL), assessed at 3 and 6 months following initiation of therapy. Results: Of 226 participants who were randomized and began the trial, 87 (38%) were lost to the study by 6 months. The proportion of adherent participants declined steadily over time, with no time by group interaction. Sustained adherence was associated with increased odds of achieving an undetectable VL (OR = 1.78; 95% Cl = 1.01, 3.13). In intention-to-treat analyses, a larger proportion of the intervention group than the control group was adherent (40.15% vs. 27.59%, p =.02) and achieved an undetectable VL (p=.04). However, the majority of participants who remained on study experienced some reduction in (>= 1-log drop or undetectable), regardless of experimental condition. Conclusion: The multicomponent social support intervention significantly improved medication adherence over standard-of-care counseling; evidence for improved virologic outcomes was inconsistent. Early disconfinuation of care and treatment may be a greater threat to the health of HIV patients than imperfect medication-taking. C1 [Koenig, Linda J.; Pals, Sherri L.; Bush, Tim; Stratford, Dale; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Palmore, Melody Pratt] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Koenig, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM lek5@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU414932] NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.159 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 283TQ UT WOS:000254659800004 PM 18377134 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Jemmott, LS Jernmott, JB AF O'Leary, Ann Jemmott, Loretta Sweet Jernmott, John B., III TI Mediation analysis of an effective sexual risk-reduction intervention for women: The importance of self-efficacy SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; women; self-efficacy; mediation ID HIV; BEHAVIOR; INFECTION AB Objective: Sister-to-Sister: The Black Women's Health Project is a skill-building HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention for African American women that had significant effects in reducing self-reported sexual risk behavior and biologically confirmed sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence. The present analyses were conducted to identify which theory-based factors that were addressed in the intervention accounted for its success. Design: The data were collected in the context of a randomized, 5-group intervention trial with assessments at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following the intervention. A mediation analysis was conducted with condom use at last sex, self-reported 12 months after the intervention, as the outcome variable. Mediators were also measured at the 12-month follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Mediators were derived from social cognitive theory: condom use knowledge, hedonistic beliefs regarding effects of condom use, expected sex partner reactions to condom requests, sex partner approval of condom use, self-efficacy for impulse control, self-efficacy for carrying condoms, and self-efficacy to achieve consistent condom use with partner. Results: The intervention significantly improved all potential mediators except condom use knowledge (p =.15), hedonistic beliefs (p =.08), and self-efficacy for impulse control (p =.20). Analyses testing each mediator separately revealed that expected partner reaction, partner approval of condom use, self-efficacy for condom carrying, and self-efficacy for condom use were significant mediators. When they were entered into a multivariate mediation analysis, however, only self-efficacy for condom use was significant (p <.001). Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of self-efficacy in explaining the effects of skill-building sexual risk-reduction interventions on women's use of condoms. Self-efficacy was more important than characteristics of male partners. C1 [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jemmott, Loretta Sweet; Jernmott, John B., III] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov FU NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR03123] NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 SU S BP S180 EP S184 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S180 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 286CQ UT WOS:000254823500011 PM 18377160 ER PT J AU Jiang, BM Wang, YH Saluzzo, JF Bargeron, K Frachette, MJ Glass, RI AF Jiang, Baoming Wang, Yuhuan Saluzzo, Jean-Francois Bargeron, Kristina Frachette, Marie-Joelle Glass, Roger I. TI Immunogenicity of a thermally inactivated rotavirus vaccine in mice SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; thermal inactivation; parenteral vaccine; immunogenicity ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS; INFECTION; CHALLENGE; PARTICLES; CHILDREN; ANTIGENS AB Current approaches to the prevention of severe rotavirus diarrhea and deaths in children have all been through the use of live oral vaccines. To develop a safe and effective inactivated rotavirus vaccine ( IRV), a new simple, rapid and robust method for the inactivation is critical and essential because chemical inactivation commonly used for a number of killed vaccines has been a chal lenge and problematic for rotavirus. We have examined an array of thermal conditions and demonstrated that purified YK-1 rotavirus in diluent buffer can be completely inactivated by heat treatment, as evidenced by the lack of virus growth in two successive passages in cell culture. Unlike chemical treatment that often causes physical and biochemical damages to viruses, thermally inactivated rotavirus particles maintained their structural, biochemical and antigenic integrity. A two-dose intramuscular administration of thermally inactivated YK-1 rotavirus without adjuvant resulted in high titers of total and neutralizing antibody in serum of mice. Adjuvant Al(OH)(3) further led to enhanced antibody titers and also dramatically lowered the amount of antigens in the vaccine formulation. Our results demonstrate the potential of heat inactivation as a novel approach to the manufacture of a safe and efficacious parenteral rotavirus vaccine, which should serve as an important addition to and back up for live oral rotavirus vaccine in children. C1 [Jiang, Baoming; Wang, Yuhuan; Bargeron, Kristina; Glass, Roger I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saluzzo, Jean-Francois] Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. [Glass, Roger I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Baoming.Jiang@cdc.hhs.gov RI Clark, Kristina/G-2821-2016 OI Clark, Kristina/0000-0002-8829-9793 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DY UT WOS:000257001100009 PM 18382129 ER PT J AU Kutty, PK Benoit, SR Woods, CW Sena, AC Naggie, S Frederick, J Engemann, J Evans, S Pien, BC Banerjee, SN Engel, J McDonald, C AF Kutty, Preeta K. Benoit, Stephen R. Woods, Christopher W. Sena, Arlene C. Naggie, Susanna Frederick, Joyce Engemann, John Evans, Sharon Pien, Brian C. Banerjee, Shailendra N. Engel, Jeffery McDonald, Clifford TI Assessment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance definitions, North Carolina, 2005 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 14-17, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID DIARRHEA; TOXIN; INFECTION; RISK; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION; HOSPITALS; MORTALITY; ANTIBODY AB objective. To determine the timing of community-onset Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) relative to the patient's last healthcare facility discharge, the association of postdischarge cases with healthcare facility-onset cases, and the influence of postdischarge cases on overall rates and interhospital comparison of rates of CDAD. Design. Retrospective cohort study for the period January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. Setting. Catchment areas of 6 acute care hospitals in North Carolina. Methods. We reviewed medical and laboratory records to determine the date of symptom onset, the dates of hospitalization, and stool C. difficile toxin assay results for patients with CDAD who had diarrhea and positive toxin-assay results. Cases were classified as healthcare facility-onset if they were diagnosed more than 48 hours after admission. Cases were defined ascommunity-onset if they were diagnosed in the community or within 48 hours after admission, and were also classified on the basis of the time since the last discharge: if within 4 weeks, community-onset, healthcare facility-associated (CO-HCFA); if 4-12 weeks, indeterminate exposure; and if more than 12 weeks, community-associated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between monthly rates of healthcare facility onset, healthcare facility-associated (HO-HCFA) cases and CO-HCFA cases. We performed interhospital rate comparisons using HO-HCFA cases only and using both HO-HCFA and CO-HCFA cases. Results. Of 1046 CDAD cases, 442 (42%) were HO-HCFA cases and 604 (58%) were community-onset cases. Of the 604 community-onset cases, 94 (15%) were CO-HCFA, 40 (7%) were of indeterminate exposure, and 208 (34%) community-associated. A modest correlation was found between monthly rates of HO-HCFA cases and CO-HCFA cases across the 6 hospitals (r=0.63, P<.001). Interhospital rankings changed for 6 of 11 months if CO- HCFA cases were included. Conclusions. A substantial proportion of community-onset cases of CDAD occur less than 4 weeks after discharge from a healthcare facility, and inclusion of CO-HCFA cases influences interhospital comparisons. Our findings support the use of a proposed definition of healthcare facility-associated CDAD that includes cases that occur within 4 weeks after discharge. C1 [Kutty, Preeta K.; Benoit, Stephen R.; Banerjee, Shailendra N.; McDonald, Clifford] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kutty, Preeta K.] Off Workforce & Canc Dev, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kutty, Preeta K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Woods, Christopher W.; Naggie, Susanna; Frederick, Joyce] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Woods, Christopher W.; Naggie, Susanna; Engemann, John; Evans, Sharon; Pien, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC USA. [Sena, Arlene C.] Durham Cty Hlth Dept, Durham, NC USA. [Sena, Arlene C.] Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Engel, Jeffery] N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP McDonald, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS A-31,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcDonald1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1086/528813 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 271VO UT WOS:000253817000001 PM 18241032 ER PT J AU Reiss, E Lasker, BA Iqbal, NJ James, MJ Arthington-Skaggs, BA AF Reiss, Errol Lasker, Brent A. Iqbal, Naureen J. James, Michael J. Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A. TI Molecular epidemiology of Candida parapsilosis sepsis from outbreak investigations in neonatal intensive care units SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Candida parapsilosis; neonatal intensive care unit; genotyping; genetic relatedness ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ALBICANS; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; EMERGENCE; STRAINS; NICU; DNA AB The DNA probe, Cp3-13, was used in a Southern blot assay for genotyping Candida parapsilosis (CP) from 3 fungemia outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the southeastem U.S. Genotyping, in 2 outbreaks, supplied evidence of horizontal transmission of CP. In the third outbreak, bloodstream isolates (BSIs) of 2 genotypes circulated in the NICU, one was shared by a BSI and a healthcare worker's hand culture. A fourth cluster of recurrent episodes of fungernia occurred in outpatients of a children's hospital receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home. Each child was infected with a different CP genotype which persisted during recurrences. These genotypes were included in a dendrogram from a CDC population-based surveillance for candidemia consisting of 73 clone-corrected Cp3-13 genotypes (overall SAB = 0.36). Analysis revealed a cluster of I I genotypes (mean SAB = 0.66) including 3 pairs with identical hybridization profiles. A second cluster of 8 genotypes contained clones from 3 outbreaks (mean SAB = 0.76) but no clustering of genotypes specific for neonates was identified. No decreased susceptibility to azole and polyene antifungal agents was detected in this collection of CR The frequent occurrence of transmission of CP in this vulnerable population underlines the relevance of Cp3-13 subtyping to investigate suspected transmission and persistence of CP strains in the NICU. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reiss, Errol; Iqbal, Naureen J.; Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lasker, Brent A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [James, Michael J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Reiss, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM err2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.10.007 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 282YE UT WOS:000254602700001 PM 18472434 ER PT J AU Akinyi, S Gaona, J Meyer, EVS Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR Corredor, V AF Akinyi, Sheila Gaona, Jenny Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. Corredor, Vladimir TI Phylogenetic and structural information on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) in Plasmodium provides functional insights SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; apicomplexa; Plasmodium; glycolysis; phylogenetic tree; catalytic domain; NAD plus -binding domain; drug discovery ID MALARIA PARASITE; FALCIPARUM; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; APICOMPLEXAN; ALIGNMENTS; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES AB Plasmodium is dependent on glycolysis for ATP production. The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) plays an important role in glycolysis and is, therefore, a potential target for antimalarial drug development. The g3pdh gene of nine Plasmodium species was sequenced from genomic DNA and the type and origin determined by phylogenetic analysis. Substitutions were analyzed over a wide phylogenetic spectrum in relation to the known three-dimensional structures of the P. falciparum and human proteins. Substitutions were found within the functional domains (Rossman NAD+-binding and catalytic domains). A number of replacements within the adenosyl-binding surfaces were found to be conserved within the Chromoalveolates, others in the Apicomplexa, and still others within the genus Plasmodium, all of which were different from the human sequence. These sites may prove to be of functional importance and provide insights for drug-targeting studies, as have other regions examined in Leishmania and Toxoplasma G3PDH research. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akinyi, Sheila; Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S.; Galinski, Mary R.; Corredor, Vladimir] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Gaona, Jenny; Corredor, Vladimir] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med, Dept Salud Publ, Unidad Parasitol, Bogota, Colombia. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Corredor, V (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vcorred@emory.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.10.003 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 282YE UT WOS:000254602700012 PM 18472435 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V McGowan, JE McAllister, S Tenover, FC AF Srinivasan, Velusamy McGowan, John E., Jr. McAllister, Sigrid Tenover, Fred C. TI In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Letter ID BROAD-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORIN; STRAINS C1 [Srinivasan, Velusamy; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McAllister, Sigrid; Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmcgowa@sph.emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 294 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.10.027 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 279DY UT WOS:000254336400022 PM 18180145 ER PT J AU Premaratna, R Loftis, AD Chandrasena, TGAN Dasch, GA de Silva, HJ AF Premaratna, R. Loftis, A. D. Chandrasena, T. G. A. N. Dasch, G. A. de Silva, H. J. TI Rickettsial infections and their clinical presentations in the Western Province of Sri Lanka: a hospital-based study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE scrub typhus; spotted fever group rickettsioses; Sri Lanka ID SCRUB TYPHUS; SOUTHERN INDIA AB Background: Rickettsial. infections are re-emerging. A study of the geographical distribution of rickettsial. infections, their clinical manifestations, and their complications would facilitate early diagnosis. Methods: Thirty-one selected patients from the Western Province of Sri Lanka were studied for rickettsial species, clinical manifestations, and complications. Results: Of 31 patients with possible rickettsioses, 29 (94%) felt into the categories of confirmed, presumptive, or exposed cases of acute rickettsia[ infections (scrub typhus was diagnosed in 19 (66%), spotted fever group in eight (28%)). Early acute infection or past exposure was suggested in two (7%) cases; cross-reactivity of antigens or past exposure to one or more species was suggested in nine (31%). Seventeen out of 19 (89%) patients with scrub typhus had eschars. Nine out of 29 (32%) patients had a discrete erythematous papular rash: seven caused by spotted fever group, two by scrub typhus. Severe complications were pneumonitis in eight (28%), myocarditis in five (17%), deafness in four (14%), and tinnitus in two (7%). The mean duration of illness before onset of complications was 12.0 (SD 1.4) days. All patients except one made a good clinical recovery with doxycycline or a combination of doxycycline and chloramphenicol. Conclusions: In a region representing the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka, the main rickettsial. agent seems to be Orientia tsutsugamushi. Delay in diagnosis may result in complications. All species responded well to current treatment. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Premaratna, R.; de Silva, H. J.] Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Med, Ragama, Sri Lanka. [Loftis, A. D.; Dasch, G. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chandrasena, T. G. A. N.] Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Ragama, Sri Lanka. RP Premaratna, R (reprint author), Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Med, POB 6,Thalagolia Rd, Ragama, Sri Lanka. EM ranjan_premaratna@lycos.com NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.06.009 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 272IW UT WOS:000253854100018 PM 17900956 ER PT J AU Bock, NN Nadol, P Rogers, M Fenley, MA Moore, J Miller, B AF Bock, N. N. Nadol, P. Rogers, M. Fenley, M. A. Moore, J. Miller, B. TI Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling in TB clinical settings: tools for program implementation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV infection; HIV testing and counseling ID TUBERCULOSIS AB In countries with high HIV prevalence, up to 80% of tuberculosis (TB) patients also have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV testing and counseling needs to be more feasible and accessible to all people in settings with a generalized HIV epidemic, but particularly to those likely to have HIV infection and who need care and treatment. Implementing provider-initiated and -delivered HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in clinical settings where patients have symptoms and signs consistent with HIV-related disease, including TB, is therefore a priority. We describe a new tool that has been developed to assist countries in planning and implementing PITC in TB clinical settings. The materials include a template for national guidance for the PITC program and procedures, a training curriculum for clinic staff and job aids including a script that assist clinicians in communicating appropriate pre- and post-test information to their TB patients, including the benefits to HIV-infected TB patients of knowing their status so they can obtain HIV care and treatment and prevent the spread of HIV. C1 [Bock, N. N.; Nadol, P.; Moore, J.; Miller, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rogers, M.; Fenley, M. A.] Taskforce Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. RP Bock, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM neb2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S69 EP S72 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900013 ER PT J AU Gammino, VM Mboya, JJ Samandari, T Sheth, A Almquist, J Nkubito, G Jimbo, W Obita, G Roels, TH Wells, CD Kilmarx, PH Nelson, LJ AF Gammino, V. M. Mboya, J. J. Samandari, T. Sheth, A. Almquist, J. Nkubito, G. Jimbo, W. Obita, G. Roels, T. H. Wells, C. D. Kilmarx, P. H. Nelson, L. J. TI Baseline evaluation of routine HIV testing among tuberculosis patients in Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Botswana; routine HIV testing; TB-HIV surveillance AB In January 2004, the government of Botswana introduced a policy of routine, non-compulsory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing to increase testing and access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) for individuals presenting for medical treatment. Before a systematic implementation of the policy, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of tuberculosis (TB) record data from 46 clinics in 10 districts to assess baseline HIV testing rates among TB patients. Recorded HIV results from the facility TB register and TB treatment card were reviewed. Of the 1242 TB patients entered in the register, 47% had a recorded HIV result and 84% of these were co-infected with HIV. TB treatment cards were available for 862 (69%) registered patients. Among the 411 (47%) with test results recorded on the treatment card, 341 (83%) were HIV-infected; of these, 12% were reported to be receiving ART. C1 [Gammino, V. M.; Samandari, T.; Wells, C. D.; Nelson, L. J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mboya, J. J.; Samandari, T.; Sheth, A.; Almquist, J.; Nkubito, G.; Roels, T. H.; Kilmarx, P. H.] Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. [Jimbo, W.; Roels, T. H.; Kilmarx, P. H.] BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Obita, G.] Minist Local Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Gammino, VM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM VMGO@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S92 EP S94 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900017 ER PT J AU Kanara, N Cain, KP Laserson, KF Vannarith, C Sameourn, K Samnang, K Qualls, ML Wells, CD Varma, JK AF Kanara, N. Cain, K. P. Laserson, K. F. Vannarith, C. Sameourn, K. Samnang, K. Qualls, M. L. Wells, C. D. Varma, J. K. TI Using program evaluation to improve the performance of a TB-HIV project in Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; epidemiology; program evaluation; Cambodia ID TUBERCULOSIS; CITY AB SETTING: Cambodia has the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence (1.9%) and tuberculosis (TB) incidence (508/100 000) in Asia. Banteay Meanchey, a province with high HIV prevalence of 1.9%, established a pilot project in 2003 to enhance TB-HIV activities. We evaluated this project to improve performance. METHODS: In March 2005, we analyzed 17 months of data on all persons diagnosed with HIV or TB at 11 participating clinics. We determined barriers to HIV testing and TB screening, modified the program to reduce these barriers and assessed whether our interventions improved testing and screening rates. RESULTS: Among 952 patients newly diagnosed with TB disease, 138 (14%) had known HIV infection at the time of TB diagnosis. Of the 814 TB patients with unknown HIV status, 432 (53%) were HIV tested. Of 1228 persons newly diagnosed with HIV infection, 450 (37%) were screened for TB disease. We found and addressed barriers to HIV testing and TB screening. In the 9 months after the interventions, 240/322 (71%) TB patients were HIV tested, an increase of 34% (P < 0.01); 426/751 (57%) HIV-infected patients were screened for TB, an increase of 54% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Evaluations of TB-HIV collaborative activities can lead to increased TB screening and HIV testing rates. C1 [Cain, K. P.; Wells, C. D.; Varma, J. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kanara, N.; Laserson, K. F.; Qualls, M. L.] CDC, Global AIDS Programme Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Cain, K. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vannarith, C.; Sameourn, K.; Samnang, K.] Prov AIDS Off, Banteay Meanchey Provincial Hlth Dept, Cambodia Minist Hlth, Sisiphon, Cambodia. [Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S44 EP S50 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900009 ER PT J AU Nadol, P Stinson, KW Coggin, W Naicker, M Wells, CD Miller, B Nelson, LJ AF Nadol, P. Stinson, K. W. Coggin, W. Naicker, M. Wells, C. D. Miller, B. Nelson, L. J. TI Electronic tuberculosis surveillance systems: a tool for managing today's TB programs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; surveillance; electronic; TB-HIV ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV; EPIDEMIC AB The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Stop TB Strategy in 2006, along with a revised version of the tuberculosis (TB) recording and reporting forms and register. These publications illustrate the need for an enhanced TB surveillance system that will include such key elements as rapid assessment of the quality of DOTS services; integration and response to the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic; TB control challenges, such as increased smear-negative and extra-pulmonary TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB); increased engagement of all care providers, such as private health care services and the community; and promotion of research to support program improvement. Electronic surveillance systems utilize computer technology to facilitate the capture, transfer and reporting of the WHO-recommended TB data elements. Electronic surveillance offers several potential advantages over the traditional paper-based systems used in many low-resource settings, such as improved data quality and completeness, more feasible links to other health care programs, quality-enhanced data entry and analysis features and increased data security. These advantages must, however, be weighed against the requirements and costs of electronic surveillance, including implementation and support of a quality paper-based surveillance system and the additional costs associated with infrastructure, training and human resources for the implementation and continuing support of an electronic system. Using examples from three different electronic TB surveillance systems that are being implemented in various resource-limited settings, this article demonstrates the feasibility, requirements and value of such systems to support the WHO-recommended enhancement of TB surveillance. C1 [Nadol, P.; Miller, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stinson, K. W.; Wells, C. D.; Nelson, L. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Coggin, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Pretoria, South Africa. [Naicker, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Nadol, P (reprint author), US Consulate Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 220 Mt Rd, Madras 600006, Tamil Nadu, India. EM nadolp@in.cdc.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S8 EP S16 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900003 ER PT J AU Shetty, PVD Granich, RM Patil, AB Sawant, SK Sahu, S Wares, DF Chauhan, LS Joshi, PL AF Shetty, P. V. D. Granich, R. M. Patil, A. B. Sawant, S. K. Sahu, S. Wares, D. F. Chauhan, L. S. Joshi, P. L. TI Cross-referral between voluntary HIV counselling and testing centres and TB services, Maharashtra, India, 2003-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; AIDS; voluntary counselling and testing; cross-referral ID INFECTED PATIENTS; TUBERCULOSIS AB SETTING: India has a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, with 1.8 million new cases per year. Although an estimated 2.5 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the national HIV prevalence is < 1%. India's size and diverse TB-HIV epidemiology pose a major challenge to the implementation of links between TB and HIV/AIDS programme services. METHODS: A pilot cross-referral initiative was instituted between voluntary counselling and testing centres (VCT) and the diagnostic and treatment facilities of the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in four districts of Maharashtra, India. OBJECTIVE: To detect TB disease among VCT patients and selectively screen TB patients for referral to VCT services. RESULTS: Between July 2003 and June 2004, 336 (3%) of 9921 VCT patients were identified as TB suspects and 83 (29%) were diagnosed with TB disease. Of the 765 selectively referred TB cases, 181 (24%) were found to be HIV-positive, representing 11% of the newly detected persons living with HIV in the four districts. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot cross-referral initiative yielded significant numbers of active TB cases among VCT patients and HIV-positive persons among TB patients. Collaborative activities between HIV/AIDS and TB programmes need to be rapidly scaled up to other states in India. C1 [Shetty, P. V. D.; Granich, R. M.; Sahu, S.; Wares, D. F.] Off World Hlth Org Representat India, New Delhi, India. [Granich, R. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Patil, A. B.] Hlth Serv, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Sawant, S. K.] Maharashtra State AIDS Control Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Chauhan, L. S.] Minist Hlth & Family Welfare, Hlth Serv, Cent TB Div, New Delhi, India. [Joshi, P. L.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Antimalarial Programme, New Delhi, India. [Joshi, P. L.] Minist Hlth & Family Welfare, Natl AIDS Control Org, New Delhi, India. RP Shetty, PVD (reprint author), L-2, Bombay 400025, Maharashtra, India. EM shettypadma@hotmail.com NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S26 EP S31 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900006 ER PT J AU van't Hoog, AH Onyango, J Agaya, J Akeche, G Odero, G Lodenyo, W Marston, BJ AF van't Hoog, A. H. Onyango, J. Agaya, J. Akeche, G. Odero, G. Lodenyo, W. Marston, B. J. TI Evaluation of TB and HIV services prior to introducing TB-HIV activities in two rural districts in western Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; health care delivery; Kenya ID TUBERCULOSIS AB SETTING: Health facilities providing tuberculosis (TB) treatment in two districts in rural western Kenya with a high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate TB and HIV/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) services at the facilities and identify barriers to providing quality diagnostic HIV testing and counseling (DTC) and HIV treatment for TB patients in anticipation of the introduction of TB-HIV collaborative services. METHODS: We performed a standard interview with health workers responsible for TB care, inspected the facilities and collected service delivery data. A self-administered questionnaire on training attended was given to all health workers. Results were shared with stakeholders and plans for implementation were developed. RESULTS: Of the 59 facilities, 58 (98%) provided TB treatment, 19 (32%) offered sputum microscopy and 24 (41%) HIV testing. Most facilities (72%) advised HIV testing only if TB patients were suspected of having AIDS. Barriers identified included unaccommodating TB clinic schedules and lack of space, which was an obstacle to holding confidential discussions. The need to refer for HIV testing and/or HIV care was a perceived barrier to recommending these services. Activities implemented following the assessment aimed 1) to provide HIV testing and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis at all TB treatment clinics, 2) to increase availability of HIV treatment services, and 3) to address structural needs at each facility. CONCLUSION: This evaluation identified barriers to the implementation of HIV testing and care services within facilities providing TB treatment. C1 [van't Hoog, A. H.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van't Hoog, A. H.; Onyango, J.; Agaya, J.; Marston, B. J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Program, Kisumu, Kenya. [Onyango, J.; Marston, B. J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Kisumu, Kenya. [Agaya, J.; Akeche, G.; Odero, G.; Lodenyo, W.] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nalt Leprosy & TB Control Program, Kisumu, Kenya. [Marston, B. J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van't Hoog, AH (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Program, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM avanthoog@ke.cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 SU 1 BP S32 EP S38 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 266IO UT WOS:000253427900007 ER PT J AU Mor, Z Adler, A Leventhal, A Volovic, I Rosenfeld, E Lobato, MN Cherntob, D AF Mor, Zohar Adler, Alex Leventhal, Alex Volovic, Irina Rosenfeld, Edna Lobato, Mark N. Cherntob, Daniel TI Tuberculosis behind bars in Israel: Policy making within a dynamic situation SO ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; prison; inmates; screening; tuberculin skin test ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; IMMIGRATION; INFECTION; COUNTRY; PRISONS; STRAIN; JAIL; TB AB Background: The crowded environment of correctional facilities may enhance infectious diseases transmission, such as tuberculosis. Objectives: To define the tuberculosis burden in prisons in Israel, a country of low TB incidence (7.9 cases:100,000 population in 2004), in which about 13,000 inmates are being incarcerated annually, and to recommend policy adaptations for TB control. Methods: All prison clinic lung records from 1998 through 2004 in Israel were reviewed to identify pulmonary TB patients. Additionally, we reviewed TB epidemiological investigation files from one northern prison (years 2002 through 2005) to evaluate possible transmission of the disease. Results: During the study period 23 Israeli inmates had pulmonary TB (25 cases/1 00,000 prisoners), which was 3.5 times higher than in the general population. Of those, 18 (78%) were born in the Former Soviet Union and immigrated to Israel after 1990. Four pulmonary TB cases in the evaluated prison were reported, and 22% (149/670) of all inmates and staff were referred for treatment of latent TB infection. Conclusions: To prevent future TB cases, we recommend new prevention measures, including a symptom questionnaire for all new inmates and selective tuberculin skin testing for inmates infected with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, those who inject drugs, and those who emigrated from the former Soviet Union after 1990. New staff should be screened by the two-step tuberculin skin test and annual symptoms questionnaire thereafter. Incarceration may be used as a point of detection for TB and a window of opportunity for treatment in this hard-to-reach population. C1 [Mor, Zohar; Cherntob, Daniel] Dept TB & AIDS, Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. [Adler, Alex] Dept Med, Priston Serv, Ramla, Israel. [Leventhal, Alex] Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Jerusalem, Israel. [Leventhal, Alex] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Brown Sch Publ Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. [Volovic, Irina; Rosenfeld, Edna] Hadera Dept Hlth, Hadera, Israel. [Lobato, Mark N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mor, Z (reprint author), POB 1176, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. EM zohar.mor@moh.health.gov.il NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOC JOURNAL PI RAMAT GAN PA 2 TWIN TOWERS, 11TH FL, 35 JABOTINSKY ST, PO BOX 3604, RAMAT GAN 52136, ISRAEL SN 1565-1088 J9 ISR MED ASSOC J JI Isr. Med. Assoc. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284EF UT WOS:000254688100009 PM 18494233 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Weidle, PJ Moore, D Were, W Mermin, J Downing, R Kigozi, A Borkowf, CB Ndazinia, V Brooks, JT AF Buchacz, Kate Weidle, Paul J. Moore, David Were, Willy Mermin, Jonathan Downing, Robert Kigozi, Aminah Borkowf, Craig B. Ndazinia, Vincent Brooks, John T. TI Changes in lipid profile over 24-months among adults on first-line highly active Antiretroviral therapy in the home-based AIDS care program in rural Uganda SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein; HIV; lipid ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; NEVIRAPINE; MEN; IMPACT; HAART; RISK; LIPODYSTROPHY AB Background: Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been linked to dyslipidemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-infected patients in industrialized countries. The effects of HAART on lipid metabolism among sub-Saharan Africans, for whom access to antiretroviral therapy is expanding, remain largely unknown. Methods: From July 2003 to May 2004, 987 antiretroviral-naive patients with symptomatic HIV disease or a CD4 count < 250 cells/mm(3) were started on HAART in the Home-Based AIDS Care (HBAC) Program in Tororo, Uganda. The HBAC Program provided weekly drug delivery and field-based clinical monitoring. Nonfasting repository sera from a subset of 374 patients were analyzed for levels of total cholesterol (TC), direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), direct high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) at baseline (before HAART) and after 12 and 24 months of HAART using Randox enzymatic kits (Crumlin, United Kingdom). Results: The 374 patients evaluated (49% women, mean age = 39 years, CD4 count = 124 cells/mm(3), body mass index = 19.7 kg/m(2)) received initial HAART composed of stavudine, lamivudine, and either nevirapine (365 patients [98%]) or efavirenz (9 patients [2%]). During 24 months, 99 (26%) patients had single drug substitutions from stavudine to zidovudine and 27 (7%) had single drug substitutions from nevirapine to efavirenz. At baseline, the mean serum lipid concentrations were 120 mg/dL for TC, 53 mg/dL for LDL-c, 29 mg/dL for HDL-c, and 123 mg/dL for TG; values were generally comparable for men and women. During 24 months of treatment, TC increased by a mean of 31 mg/dL, LDL-c by a mean of 26 mg/dL, and HDL-c by a mean of 19 mg/dL, whereas the TC/HDL-c ratio decreased from a mean of 4.6 to 3.4 (all changes, P < 0.001). TG levels initially decreased and then returned to baseline levels by 24 months. At baseline and 24 months, respectively, TC was >= 200 mg/dL for 2% and 10% of patients, LDL-c was ! 130 mg/dL for 1% and 6%, HDL-c was < 40 mg/dL for 88% and 41%, and TG were >= 150 mg/dL for 23% and 20%. Conclusions: Rural Ugandans with advanced HIV disease initiating nevirapine- or efavirenz-based HAART experienced infrequent elevations in TC, LDL-c, and TG at baseline and after 24 months of therapy. Increases in HDL-c levels were substantial and proportionally greater than increases in TC or LDL-c levels. The risk of CVD and how it is affected by lipid changes in this rural African population are unknown. However, the changes we observed after 24 months of HAART seem unlikely to increase the risk of CVD. C1 [Buchacz, Kate; Weidle, Paul J.; Borkowf, Craig B.; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, David; Were, Willy; Mermin, Jonathan; Downing, Robert; Kigozi, Aminah; Ndazinia, Vincent] CDC, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepetitis STD & TB Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. [Moore, David; Were, Willy; Mermin, Jonathan; Downing, Robert; Kigozi, Aminah; Ndazinia, Vincent] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbuchacz@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 304 EP 311 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 271XD UT WOS:000253821100006 PM 18398971 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Ling, Q Phelps, R Li, JM Lee, LM AF Glynn, M. Kathleen Ling, Qiang Phelps, Ruby Li, Jianmin Lee, Lisa M. TI Accurate monitoring of the HIV epidemic in the United States - Case duplication in the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS surveillance; HIV infections/epidemiology; surveillance evaluation ID AIDS SURVEILLANCE; COMPLETENESS; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB Objective: To assess the degree of duplicate reporting in the US HIV/AIDS surveillance system as compared with a performance standard of < 5%, and to assess the effect of duplicate removal on epidemiologic trends. Methods: Multistate evaluation of HIV/AIDS case surveillance. Potential duplicate HIV or AIDS case reports in the national surveillance system matched on Soundex, birth date, and sex were assessed for duplication by state and territorial health departments. Results: Of the 990,175 cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the surveillance system on December 31, 2001, 44,945 (4.5%) were identified as duplicate reports. The duplication rate was higher for HIV cases (8.2%) than for AIDS cases (3.8%). The median of 322 duplicate AIDS reports per area (range: 1 to 3947) represented a median of 5% of all AIDS reports per area (range: 1% to 11%). The median of 369 duplicate HIV reports per area (range: 1 to 1247) represented a median of 11% of all HIV reports per area (range: 1% to 30%). Discussion: The overall duplication rate was within acceptable limits in the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system but did not meet the standard for HIV cases. Ongoing centrally coordinated efforts are necessary to minimize duplicate reporting in the future. C1 [Glynn, M. Kathleen; Ling, Qiang; Phelps, Ruby; Li, Jianmin; Lee, Lisa M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kglynn@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 271XD UT WOS:000253821100019 PM 18176325 ER PT J AU Kraut-Becher, J Eisenberg, M Voytek, C Brown, T Metzger, DS Aral, S AF Kraut-Becher, Julie Eisenberg, Marlene Voytek, Chelsea Brown, Tiffany Metzger, David S. Aral, Sevgi TI Examining racial disparities in HIV - Lessons from sexually transmitted infections research SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Scientific Meeting of the Social-and-Behavioral-Science-Research-Network CY MAR 27-28, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Social & Behav Sci Res Network DE health disparities; HIV; race ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTION; MENTAL-HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; MALE CIRCUMCISION; SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY AB Racial differences in the prevalence and incidence of HIV infection and AIDS diagnoses in the United States are striking. These differences have been recognized for nearly 20 years, yet they are not well investigated. In this article, we examine 15 factors identified in the sexually transmitted infection (STI) literature to explain the presence of racial/ethnic disparities in STIs. We review findings from these studies and offer suggestions for future research, with the goal of further understanding and reducing disparities in HIV In general, the STI literature shows that an evaluation of individual behavior is necessary but insufficient on its own to account for racial/ethnic disparities in STIs. Population parameters should be included within models that traditionally include individual- level factors. The 15 factors can be categorized into 3 broad overarching themes: behavioral, prevention participation, and biologic explanations of differentials in STI transmission and infection. Future research that focuses on only I of the 15 factors discussed in this review, to the exclusion of others, is likely to yield poor outcomes. Conversely, an emphasis on the interactions of several factors is more likely to produce effective public health interventions and reductions in HIV transmission. C1 [Kraut-Becher, Julie; Eisenberg, Marlene; Voytek, Chelsea; Brown, Tiffany; Metzger, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, HIV AIDS Prevent Res Div, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Aral, Sevgi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kraut-Becher, J (reprint author), 3535 Market St,4th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM julie6@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Metzger, David/D-9499-2012 NR 137 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 47 SU 1 BP S20 EP S27 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181605b95 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 271XE UT WOS:000253821200005 PM 18301130 ER PT J AU Jemmott, LS Jemmott, JB Hutchinson, MK Cederbaum, JA O'Leary, A AF Jemmott, Loretta Sweet Jemmott, John B. Hutchinson, M. Katherine Cederbaum, Julie A. O'Leary, Ann TI Sexually transmitted infection/HIV risk reduction interventions in clinical practice settings SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE translational research; HIV prevention; women's health; sexual risk reduction; primary care interventions ID HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; INNER-CITY WOMEN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CRACK COCAINE; CONDOM-USE; BEHAVIOR; GENDER; DRUG AB African American women, particularly those who live in inner-city areas, experience disproportionately high rates of sexually transmitted infections including HIV. As there are currently no preventive vaccines for HIV and most sexually transmitted infections, prevention efforts must focus on behavioral risk reduction. Thus, culturally tailored interventions for African American women are needed to reduce their incidence of sexually transmitted infections including HIV. One place to intervene with inner-city African American women is in primary care settings. Primary care settings have the potential to reach a wide range of women, including those who may not proactively seek sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention services. However, in order to be feasible for use in clinical settings, sexually transmitted infection/HIV risk reduction interventions must be brief and easily adapted for use with diverse clients in varied practice environments. To date, few brief sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention interventions have been designed for use with African American women in primary care settings. Only one of these, the "Sister to Sister: Respect Yourself! Protect Yourself! Because You Are Worth It!" intervention, has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infection incidence. This article describes this 20-minute, one-on-one nurse-led intervention for African American women and discusses considerations for its implementation in primary care and other clinical settings. C1 [Hutchinson, M. Katherine] NYU, Coll Nursing, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Jemmott, Loretta Sweet] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Ctr Hlth Dispar Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jemmott, John B.] Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cederbaum, Julie A.] Univ Penn, Sch Social Policy & Practice, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hutchinson, MK (reprint author), NYU, Coll Nursing, 246 Greene St,Room 617E, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM kathy.hutchinson@nyu.edu FU NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR03123] NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2008.00221.x PG 9 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 275OU UT WOS:000254082300008 PM 18336437 ER PT J AU Camus, AC Shewmaker, PL Mauel, MJ Wise, DJ AF Camus, Alvin C. Shewmaker, P. Lynn Mauel, Michael J. Wise, David J. TI Streptococcus ictaluri arthritis, osteolysis, myositis, and spinal meningitis in channel catfish broodstock SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FISH; INIAE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; INFECTION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; MORTALITIES AB This report details findings of an investigation into complaints by commercial fingerling producers of low-grade mortalities, poor reproductive success, emaciation, skin lesions, and severely arched backs among broodstock of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Gross lesions involved the jaw, fin bases, and vertebral column. Jaw and fin lesions consisted of small hemorrhagic ulcers and exudate-filled tracts that communicated with underlying joints and destroyed their articular surfaces. Spinal changes, recognized grossly by severe arching of the proximal vertebral column, resulted from the collapse and displacement of vertebral bodies, causing compression of the spinal cord. Affected vertebrae were lysed by pyogranulomatous inflammation that infiltrated into adjacent muscle and the spinal canal. A Streptococcus-like organism was visualized in exudate and isolated repeatedly from lesions, but only once from the kidney of a single fish. Preliminary analysis of a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence showed a close relationship to S. iniae, S. parauberis, and S. canis. Koch's postulates were fulfilled after challenge with and reisolation of the agent from identical lesions that appeared at fin bases at 2 weeks postinjection. Historical evidence and gross and microscopic findings imply the presence of a pathogen of low virulence that is capable of producing severe localized infections after a brief period of septicemia. The disease presents as a chronic debilitating syndrome that is sufficient to inhibit mobility, feeding, and reproductive activity in affected fish. Complete biochemical and molecular characterization of the bacterium (published elsewhere) has established the agent as a novel species, S. ictaluri. C1 [Camus, Alvin C.; Mauel, Michael J.; Wise, David J.] Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shewmaker, P. Lynn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Camus, AC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM camus@uga.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1577/H07-024.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 292ZF UT WOS:000255303900007 PM 18536503 ER PT J AU Shimabukuro, TT Grosse, SD Rice, C AF Shimabukuro, Tom T. Grosse, Scott D. Rice, Catherine TI Medical expenditures for children with an autism spectrum disorder in a privately insured population SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; medical expenditures; incremental cost; cost ratio ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; PSYCHOACTIVE MEDICINES; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; INDIVIDUALS; SOCIETY AB This study provides estimates of medical expenditures for a subset of children and adolescents who receive employer-based health insurance and have a medical diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data analyzed were from the 2003 MarketScan((R)) research databases. Individuals with an ASD had average medical expenditures that exceeded those without an ASD by $4,110-$6,200 per year. On average, medical expenditures for individuals with an ASD were 4.1-6.2 times greater than for those without an ASD. Differences in median expenditures ranged from $2,240 to $3,360 per year with median expenditures 8.4-9.5 times greater. These findings add to a growing body of evidence that children and adolescents with medical diagnoses of an ASD incur elevated medical utilization and costs. C1 [Shimabukuro, Tom T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunol & Resp Dis, Immunol Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grosse, Scott D.; Rice, Catherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shimabukuro, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunol & Resp Dis, Immunol Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TShimabukuro@cdc.gov RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0424-y PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 268HW UT WOS:000253571900015 PM 17690969 ER PT J AU Nater, UM Maloney, E Boneva, RS Gurbaxani, BM Lin, JM Jones, JF Reeves, WC Heim, C AF Nater, Urs M. Maloney, Elizabeth Boneva, Roumiana S. Gurbaxani, Brian M. Lin, Jin-Mann Jones, James F. Reeves, William C. Heim, Christine TI Attenuated morning salivary cortisol concentrations in a population-based study of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and well controls SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SECRETION; STRESS; SLEEP; RESPONSES; HEALTH; DEFINITION; DEPRESSION; PITUITARY; PROFILES; SYMPTOMS AB Context: A substantial body of research on the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has focused on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. The cortisol awakening response has received particular attention as a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. Objective: The objective of the current study was to evaluate morning salivary cortisol profiles in persons with CFS and well controls identified from the general population. Design and Setting: We conducted a case-control study at an outpatient research clinic. Cases and Other Participants: We screened a sample of 19,381 residents of Georgia and identified those with CFS and a matched sample of well controls. Seventy-five medication-free CFS cases and 110 medication-free well controls provided complete sets of saliva samples. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed free cortisol concentrations in saliva collected on a regular workday immediately upon awakening and 30 and 60 min after awakening. Results: There was a significant interaction effect, indicating different profiles of cortisol concentrations over time between groups, with the CFS group showing an attenuated morning cortisol profile. Notably, we observed a sex difference in this effect. Women with CFS exhibited significantly attenuated morning cortisol profiles compared with well women. In contrast, cortisol profiles were similar in men with CFS and male controls. Conclusions: CFS was associated with an attenuated morning cortisol response, but the effect was limited to women. Our results suggest that a sex difference in hypocortisolism may contribute to increased risk of CFS in women. C1 [Nater, Urs M.; Maloney, Elizabeth; Boneva, Roumiana S.; Gurbaxani, Brian M.; Lin, Jin-Mann; Jones, James F.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nater, Urs M.; Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gurbaxani, Brian M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; Nater, Urs/J-6898-2013; OI Nater, Urs/0000-0002-2430-5090 NR 50 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-1747 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 271XT UT WOS:000253822700010 PM 18160468 ER PT J AU Albers, JJ Marcovina, SM Imperatore, G Snively, BM Stafford, J Fujimoto, WY Mayer-Davis, EJ Petitti, DB Pihoker, C Dolan, L Dabelea, DM AF Albers, John J. Marcovina, Santica M. Imperatore, Giuseppina Snively, Beverly M. Stafford, Jeanette Fujimoto, Wilfred Y. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Petitti, Diana B. Pihoker, Catherine Dolan, Larry Dabelea, Dana M. TI Prevalence and determinants of elevated apolipoprotein B and dense low-density lipoprotein in youths with type 1 and type 2 diabetes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILDREN; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; MEN AB Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of elevated apolipoprotein B ( apoB) and dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in United States youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of apoB concentrations, LDL density, and prevalence of elevated apoB levels and dense LDL from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, a six-center U. S.-based study of youth with diabetes onset younger than 20 years of age ( 2657 with type 1 and 345 with type 2). Results: Among youth with type 1 diabetes, 11% had elevated apoB ( >= 100 mg/dl, 1.95 mM/liter), 8% had dense LDL ( relative flotation rate <= 0.237), and 12% had elevated LDL-cholesterol ( >= 130 mg/dl, 3.36 mM/liter). In contrast, among youth with type 2 diabetes, 36% had elevated apoB, 36% had dense LDL, but only 23% had elevated LDL-cholesterol. Dense LDL and apoB each increased with hemoglobin A1c in both types. Among type 1 diabetics in poor glycemic control ( hemoglobin A1c >= 9.5%), 28% had elevated apoB, and 18% had dense LDL, whereas 72% of poorly controlled type 2 diabetics had elevated apoB and 62% had dense LDL. Conclusions: In youth with type 1 diabetes, elevated apoB and dense LDL were not highly prevalent, whereas elevated apoB and dense LDL were common lipoprotein abnormalities in youth with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of these risk factors substantially increased with poor glycemic control in both groups, stressing the importance of achieving and maintaining an optimal glucose control. C1 [Albers, John J.; Marcovina, Santica M.] Univ Washington, NW Lipid Metab & Diabet Res Labs, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Snively, Beverly M.; Stafford, Jeanette] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bistat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Fujimoto, Wilfred Y.] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Business, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Petitti, Diana B.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pihoker, Catherine] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Endocrinol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dolan, Larry] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Dabelea, Dana M.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Marcovina, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, NW Lipid Metab & Diabet Res Labs, Dept Med, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM smm@u.washington.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [DP-05-069, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00069, M01 RR000037, M01 RR000069, M01 RR001070, M01 RR001271, M01 RR008084, M01 RR01070, M01 RR08084, M01RR00037, M01RR001271]; PHS HHS [PA00097] NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-2176 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 271XT UT WOS:000253822700015 PM 18089692 ER PT J AU Jacobs, MR Good, CE Beall, B Bajaksouzian, S Windau, AR Whitney, CG AF Jacobs, Michael R. Good, Caryn E. Beall, Bernard Bajaksouzian, Saralee Windau, Anne R. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Cleveland: a quarter century of experience SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; DAY-CARE-CENTER; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANT CLONES; CHILDREN; DISEASE; EMERGENCE; CARRIAGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPREAD AB The serotypes and susceptibilities to penicillin, macrolides, and clindamycin of 1,655 invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered between 1979 acid 2004 were determined. A precipitous decrease of 61% in the number of isolates was found following 2000, the year of 7-valent protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) introduction (139 versus 55 per 2-year period prior to versus after 2000; P < 0.001). This decrease was 84% in children <5 years old (80 versus 13 per 2-year period; P < 0.001) and 18 to 23% in other age groups (P, not significant). PCV7 serotypes decreased by 76% overall (103 versus 25 per 2-year period; P < 0.001) and by 92% in children <5 years old (65 versus 5 per 2-year period; P < 0.001), with significant decreases in six of the seven PCV serotypes. Other serotypes, except for type 19A, decreased from 32 to 22 per 2-year period, while type 19A increased from 4 to 8 per 2-year period, although none of these changes reached significance. Drug resistance emerged slowly, with the first penicillin-intermediate strain isolated in 1980 and the first macrolide/lincosamide-resistant strain isolated in 1984. The first penicillin-resistant strain was isolated in 1993. Resistance increased steadily thereafter until 2003-2004, when 51.1% of isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible and 53.3% were macrolide resistant. Clindamycin resistance remained low until 2003-2004, when 26.7% of strains were resistant; this was associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant type 19A strains. This study documents the emergence of resistance cover a quarter century among invasive pneumococci in the Cleveland area, as well as the reduction in disease caused by PCV7 serotypes following the introduction of PCV7 in 2000. C1 [Jacobs, Michael R.; Good, Caryn E.; Bajaksouzian, Saralee; Windau, Anne R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Univ Hosp Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Beall, Bernard; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jacobs, MR (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Univ Hosp Case Med Ctr, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mrj6@cwru.edu NR 45 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 982 EP 990 DI 10.1128/JCM.02321-07 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 275GL UT WOS:000254059800025 PM 18234877 ER PT J AU Bitsko, RH Cortese, MM Dayan, GH Rota, PA Lowe, L Iversen, SC Bellini, WJ AF Bitsko, Rebecca H. Cortese, Margaret M. Dayan, Gustavo H. Rota, Paul A. Lowe, Luis Iversen, Susan C. Bellini, William J. TI Detection of RNA of mumps virus during an outbreak in a population with a high level of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine coverage SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; CLINICAL SPECIMENS AB The duration of mumps virus RNA detection was studied during a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated university population. Seven of the eight reverse transcription-PCR-positive specimens were collected during the first 3 days of parotitis, suggesting that viral shedding is minimal after the first 3 days of symptoms. C1 [Cortese, Margaret M.; Dayan, Gustavo H.; Rota, Paul A.; Lowe, Luis; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MMRHLB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.] Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.] Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Iversen, Susan C.] Univ Kansas, Student Hlth Serv, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Bellini, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MMRHLB, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wbellini@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1101 EP 1103 DI 10.1128/JCM.01803-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 275GL UT WOS:000254059800042 PM 18184850 ER PT J AU Maus, MV Posencheg, MA Geddes, K Elkan, M Penaranda, S Oberste, MS Hodinka, RL AF Maus, Marcela V. Posencheg, Michael A. Geddes, Kristin Elkan, Michael Penaranda, Silvia Oberste, M. Steven Hodinka, Richard L. TI Detection of echovirus 18 in human breast milk SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-B; ENTEROVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; INFANTS; VIRUS; PLECONARIL; FEBRILE; MOTHERS; CHILD AB We detected enteroviral RNA and cultured infectious virus from a series of banked breast milk samples from the mother of an infant with neonatal sepsis; sequencing of the enterovirus isolate identified it as echovirus type 18. In this case, it is possible that enterovirus transmission occurred through the breast milk. C1 [Geddes, Kristin; Elkan, Michael; Hodinka, Richard L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Clin Virol Lab, Abramson Res Ctr 716D, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Geddes, Kristin; Elkan, Michael; Hodinka, Richard L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Geddes, Kristin; Elkan, Michael; Hodinka, Richard L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Maus, Marcela V.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Posencheg, Michael A.] Hosp Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Neonatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Penaranda, Silvia; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hodinka, RL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Clin Virol Lab, Abramson Res Ctr 716D, 3615 Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM hodinka@email.chop.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1137 EP 1140 DI 10.1128/JCM.01991-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 275GL UT WOS:000254059800053 PM 18199781 ER PT J AU Wigington, PS Sims, TM AF Wigington, Pameld S. Sims, Teresd M. TI Web-based resources for environmental public health practitioners SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wigington, Pameld S.; Sims, Teresd M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth, Cadence Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sims, TM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth, Cadence Grp, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MSF-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tsims@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 7 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 267IH UT WOS:000253502200009 PM 18348393 ER PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Henderson, AK Black, ML Flanders, WD AF Ruckart, Perri Zeitz Henderson, Alden K. Black, Michele Lynberg Flanders, W. Dana TI Are nitrate levels in groundwater stable over time? SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrate; groundwater; exposure; aquifer ID N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; CONTAMINATION; TOXICITY; NITRITE; IMPACT; IOWA AB Epidemiologists often use a retrospective study design to examine for associations between an exposure and the occurrence of adverse health effects. Several of these studies used this approach to examine for an association between elevated levels of nitrate in drinking water and related health effects such as methemoglobinemia, cancer, neural tube effects, or spontaneous abortions. Often, data on exposures that occurred before these health outcomes were not available. Consequently, researchers use measurements of exposures at the time of the study to represent exposures that occurred before people developed these conditions. An opportunity to examine the stability of nitrate in water occurred during a survey of private water wells in nine Midwestern states. In this survey, water samples from 853 homes with drilled wells were collected in May 1994 and in September 1995 and nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) was measured by the colorimetric cadmium reduction method. Nitrate-N levels from the same well over time were assessed by a mixed-effects analysis of variance. Analysis showed no significant difference in between the initial level and those measured 16 months later. Furthermore, analysis showed that most of the variance in the nitrate concentrations in well water was due to well-to-well variation (89%) rather than to residual error (12%). This observation showed that a single measurement of nitrate in water from drilled wells could represent longer periods of exposure. C1 [Ruckart, Perri Zeitz; Henderson, Alden K.] Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Black, Michele Lynberg] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Henderson, AK (reprint author), Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akh0@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500561 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 263TI UT WOS:000253239000002 PM 17426736 ER PT J AU Vega, E Garland, J Pillai, SD AF Vega, Everardo Garland, Jay Pillai, Suresh D. TI Electrostatic forces control nonspecific virus attachment to lettuce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; FOODBORNE OUTBREAK; SALAD VEGETABLES; HEPATITIS-A; SURVIVAL; SEWAGE; POLIOVIRUS; INDICATOR; BACTERIAL; GASTROENTERITIS AB Enteric viruses are key foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to compare the relative contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces with the nonspecific attachment of virus to butterhead lettuce. The attachment of four viruses (echovirus 11, feline calicivirus [FCV], MS2, and phi X174) was studied. Three different conditions, namely (i) 1% Tween 80, (ii) 1 M NaCl, and (iii) 1% Tween 80 with 1 M NaCl, were investigated to determine the role of hydrophobic, electrostatic, and combined hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, respectively. Attachment above the pI of FCV and echovirus I I was reduced or eliminated in the presence of NaCl, indicating an electrostatic interaction between the animal viruses and lettuce. The bacteriophage phi X174 was not significantly affected by any treatment, indicating a lack of electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions between the lettuce and phage phi X174. Overall, 1 M NaCl was the most effective treatment in desorbing viruses from the surface of lettuce at pH 7 and 8. The results imply that electrostatic forces play a major role in controlling virus adsorption to lettuce. The results indicate that 1 M NaCl solution would improve the recovery or elution of unenveloped viruses from lettuce. C1 [Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Vega, Everardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornaviruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garland, Jay] NASA Biol Sci Branch, Kennedy Space Ctr, Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 522 EP 529 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 271YI UT WOS:000253824200009 PM 18389695 ER PT J AU Duru, OK Gerzoff, RB Brown, A Selby, JV Ackermann, RT Karter, A Ross, S Steers, N Herman, WH Waitzfelder, B Mangione, CM AF Duru, O. K. Gerzoff, R. B. Brown, A. Selby, J. V. Ackermann, R. T. Karter, A. Ross, S. Steers, N. Herman, W. H. Waitzfelder, B. Mangione, C. M. TI Identifying risk factors for racial disparities in diabetes outcomes: The translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Duru, O. K.; Brown, A.; Steers, N.; Mangione, C. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gerzoff, R. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Selby, J. V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA. [Ackermann, R. T.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Karter, A.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Ross, S.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Herman, W. H.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Waitzfelder, B.] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 SU 2 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 277TH UT WOS:000254237100626 ER PT J AU Cook, RL Xu, X Hess, R Yablonsky, E Sakata, N Tripp, J Chakrabarti, A Piazza, P Rinaldo, CR Sejvar, J Mcmurtrey, C Hildebrand, W AF Cook, R. L. Xu, X. Hess, R. Yablonsky, E. Sakata, N. Tripp, J. Chakrabarti, A. Piazza, P. Rinaldo, C. R. Sejvar, J. Mcmurtrey, C. Hildebrand, W. TI Long-term symptoms after West Nile Virus infection SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Cook, R. L.; Xu, X.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hess, R.; Yablonsky, E.; Chakrabarti, A.; Piazza, P.; Rinaldo, C. R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sakata, N.] Cent Dist Hlth Dept, Boise, ID USA. [Tripp, J.] SW Dist Hlth Dept, Caldwell, NJ USA. [Sejvar, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mcmurtrey, C.; Hildebrand, W.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 SU 2 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 277TH UT WOS:000254237100684 ER PT J AU Guessous, I Khoury, M Gwinn, M AF Guessous, I. Khoury, M. Gwinn, M. TI Pharmacogenomic epidemiology: A prerequisite for translating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Guessous, I.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Khoury, M.; Gwinn, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 SU 2 BP 365 EP 366 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 277TH UT WOS:000254237100753 ER PT J AU Rutland-Brown, W Langlois, JA Bazarian, JJ Warden, D AF Rutland-Brown, Wesley Langlois, Jean A. Bazarian, Jefftey J. Warden, Deborah TI Improving identification of traumatic brain injury after nonmilitary bomb blasts SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE blasts; brain injuiy; craniocerebral trauma; concussion; diagnosis; disaster response; traumatic brain injuiy ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; MILD HEAD-INJURY; MISSED INJURIES; TERRORIST BOMBINGS; EARLY INTERVENTION; MULTIPLE TRAUMA; CASUALTIES; CONSEQUENCES; AFGHANISTAN AB Objective: To improve identification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in survivors of nonmilitary bomb blasts during the acute care phase. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a meeting of experts in TBI, emergency medicine, and disaster response to review the recent literature and make recommendations. Results: Seven key recommendations were proposed: (1) increase TBI awareness among medical professionals; (2) encourage use of standard definitions and consistent terminology; (3) improve screening methods for TBI in the acute care setting; (4) clarify the distinction between TBI and acute stress disorder; (5) encourage routine screening of hospitalized trauma patients for TBI; (6) improve identification of nonhospitalized TBI patients; and (7) integrate the appropriate level of TBI identification into all-hazards mass casualty preparedness. Conclusions: By adopting these recommendations, the United States could be better prepared to identify and respond to TBI following future bombing events. C1 [Rutland-Brown, Wesley; Langlois, Jean A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bazarian, Jefftey J.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Warden, Deborah] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jal7@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1097/01.HTR.0000314527.78134.70 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 280KW UT WOS:000254426700003 PM 18362762 ER PT J AU Selassie, AW Zaloshnja, E Langlois, JA Miller, T Jones, P Steiner, C AF Selassie, Anbesaw W. Zaloshnja, Eduard Langlois, Jean A. Miller, Ted Jones, Paul Steiner, Claudia TI Incidence of long-term disability following traumatic brain injury hospitalization, United States, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; long-term disabiliy ID HEALTH SURVEY SF-36; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; PREEXISTING CONDITIONS; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; CARE; RELIABILITY; COMPLAINTS; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL AB Objective: Develop and validate a predictive model of the incidence of long-term disability following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and obtain national estimates for the United States in 2003. Data/methods: A logistic regression model was built, using a population-based sample of persons with TBI from the South Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury Follow-up Registry. The regression coefficients were applied to the 2003 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample data to estimate the incidence of long-term disability following traumatic brain injury hospitalization. Results: Among 288,009 (95% CI, 287,974-288,043) hospitalized TBI survivors in the United States in 2003, an estimated 124,626 (95% CI, 123,706-125,546) had developed long-term disability. Conclusion: TBI-related disability is a significant public health problem in the United States. The substantial incidence suggests the need for comprehensive rehabilitative care and services to maximize the potential of persons with TBI. C1 [Zaloshnja, Eduard; Miller, Ted; Jones, Paul] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Selassie, Anbesaw W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Langlois, Jean A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Steiner, Claudia] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zaloshnja, E (reprint author), Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, 11720 Beltsville Dr,Suite 900, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM zaloshnja@pire.org OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 52 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 5 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1097/01.HTR.0000314531.30401.39 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 280KW UT WOS:000254426700007 PM 18362766 ER PT J AU Budnitz, DS AF Budnitz, Daniel S. TI Inappropriate medication use in hospitalized older adults - Is it time for interventions? SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; BEERS CRITERIA; SURVEILLANCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Detect Preparedness & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budnitz, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Detect Preparedness & Control Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbudnitz@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1553-5592 J9 J HOSP MED JI J. Hosp. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1002/jhm.298 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 296HB UT WOS:000255533000001 PM 18438775 ER PT J AU Lopez, AS Burnett-Hartman, A Nambiar, R Ritz, L Owens, P Loparev, VN Guris, D Schmid, DS AF Lopez, Adriana S. Burnett-Hartman, Andrea Nambiar, Ram Ritz, Linda Owens, Patricia Loparev, Vladimir N. Guris, Dalya Schmid, D. Scott TI Transmission of a newly characterized strain of varicella-zoster virus from a patient with herpes zoster in a long-term-care facility, West Virginia, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL ID AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; NOSOCOMIAL VARICELLA; DNA; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; COMPLICATIONS; GENOTYPES AB We investigated a small outbreak of varicella in a long-term-care facility after a case of herpes zoster. Clinical specimens and environmental samples were collected from all case patients and from surfaces in the case patients' rooms and other common-use areas. Wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA was identified in all 3 varicella case patients, and high concentrations of VZV DNA were detected in environmental samples from the room of the herpes zoster case patient. Genotypic analysis showed that the identical VZV strain was present in all samples; moreover, the strain was a unique Mosaic genotype isolate that included a stable Oka vaccine marker that had hitherto never been observed in a wild-type strain of VZV. This study provides evidence for the value of including environmental sampling during the investigation of varicella outbreaks and illustrates the importance of evaluating multiple vaccine-associated markers for the discrimination of vaccine virus from wild-type VZV. C1 [Lopez, Adriana S.; Guris, Dalya; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Loparev, Vladimir N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Burnett-Hartman, Andrea; Nambiar, Ram] W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Infect Dis Epidemiol Program, Div Surveillance & Dis Control, Charleston, WV USA. [Ritz, Linda; Owens, Patricia] Marshall Cty Hlth Dept, Moundsville, WV USA. RP Lopez, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alopez@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 5 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.1086/527419 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FD UT WOS:000253773400005 PM 18260757 ER PT J AU Breuer, J Schmid, DS Gershon, AA AF Breuer, Judith Schmid, D. Scott Gershon, Anne A. TI Use and limitations of varicella-zoster virus-specific serological testing to evaluate breakthrough disease in vaccinees and to screen for susceptibility to varicella SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MEMBRANE-ANTIGEN TEST; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; ANTICOMPLEMENT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; FOLLOW-UP; GLYCOPROTEIN ANTIGEN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB A plethora of tests for determining the presence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have been developed over the years, with a wide range of performance standards. There is general agreement that the presence of VZV antibodies in serum indicates immunity to varicella and protection from chickenpox, although the role of specific antibody in mediating protection remains unclear. Both antibodies and cellular immunity probably interact to mediate immunity to the virus. In any case, VZV-specific serum antibody is a useful indicator of protection against chickenpox in patients and persons at high risk of exposure, whether they have been immunized or naturally infected. Serological tests are also a useful implement for evaluating the length of time that immunity to varicella persists after vaccination and whether waning of vaccine-induced immunity occurs. The purpose of this review is to contrast the strengths and weaknesses of currently available VZV antibody assays. Although several of these methods are useful for various specific applications, simpler and more accurate tests to measure antibodies to VZV are a high priority for future research and development. C1 [Gershon, Anne A.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Breuer, Judith] Queen Mary Coll, Skin Virus Lab, Ctr Infect Dis, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London, England. [Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gershon, AA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, 650 W 168th St,BB 4-427, New York, NY 10032 USA. OI Breuer, Judith/0000-0001-8246-0534 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S147 EP S151 DI 10.1086/529448 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600022 PM 18419389 ER PT J AU Breuer, J Schmid, DS AF Breuer, Judith Schmid, D. Scott TI Vaccine Oka variants and sequence variability in vaccine-related skin lesions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th National Immunization Conference CY MAR 09, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; READING FRAME 62; DNA-SEQUENCE; TRANSACTIVATION ACTIVITY; PARENTAL VIRUS; HERPES-ZOSTER; GENOTYPES; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION AB As with most live attenuated viral vaccines, varicella vaccine comprises a mixture of variant strains. Knowledge about the pathogenic potential of individual strains in the varicella vaccine is limited. Vaccination against chickenpox causes a usually modified varicella-like rash in a small percentage of healthy children, and vaccine virus reactivates on rare occasions to cause herpes zoster (HZ). In several published studies, our respective laboratories have analyzed genomic variation among specimens from cases of postvaccination rash and HZ in vaccine recipients, focusing on polymorphisms between vaccine Oka strains and the parental Oka strain. In most respects, these studies were in close agreement, identifying the set of wild-type markers among vaccine adverse event isolates, each occurring at similar frequencies. The same 3 universally present vaccine markers, at positions 106262, 107252, and 108111, were also identified by both laboratories. One notable difference has been the observation of mostly clonal vaccine virus among isolates examined by one laboratory and mostly mixed viruses in isolates examined by the other. In addition to reviewing and comparing our combined observations, we propose possible explanations for our contrasting findings and propose future studies to reconcile them. C1 [Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Breuer, Judith] Queen Mary Coll, Skin Virus Lab, Ctr Cutaneous Res, St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, London, England. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 18-6-34,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchmid@cdc.gov OI Breuer, Judith/0000-0001-8246-0534 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S54 EP S57 DI 10.1086/522140 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600005 PM 18419409 ER PT J AU Carbajal, T Civen, R Reynolds, M Chaves, SS Mascola, L AF Carbajal, Tina Civen, Rachel Reynolds, Meredith Chaves, Sandra S. Mascola, Laurene TI Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding varicella vaccination among health care providers participating in the varicella active surveillance project, Antelope Valley, California, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RECOMMENDATIONS; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN AB Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding varicella vaccination and disease were assessed among health care providers participating in the Varicella Active Surveillance Project in Antelope Valley, California, in 2005. Compared with those of a similar survey conducted in 1999, results suggest a reduction in concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. Routine assessment of adolescents for varicella susceptibility was reported by 87% of respondents, but only 42% reported routine assessment of adults. Several respondents were unaware that disease in a vaccinated person is infectious, and some did not know the vaccination recommendations pertaining to susceptible health care workers, suggesting a need for provider education on these issues. C1 [Carbajal, Tina; Civen, Rachel; Mascola, Laurene] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis Control Program, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. [Reynolds, Meredith; Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Civen, R (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis Control Program, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 212, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM rciven@ph.lacounty.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S66 EP S70 DI 10.1086/522143 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600008 PM 18419412 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Haber, P Walton, K Wise, RP Izurieta, HS Schmid, DS Seward, JF AF Chaves, Sandra S. Haber, Penina Walton, Kimp Wise, Robert P. Izurieta, Hector S. Schmid, D. Scott Seward, Jane F. TI Safety of varicella vaccine after licensure in the United States: Experience from reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER-VIRUS REACTIVATION; HERPES-ZOSTER; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; STRAIN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; SURVEILLANCE AB Widespread use of varicella vaccine in the United States could enable detection of rare adverse events not identified previously. We reviewed data from 1995 to 2005 from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, including data from laboratory analyses, to distinguish adverse events associated with wild-type varicellazoster virus (VZV) versus those associated with vaccine strain. Almost 48 million doses of varicella vaccine were distributed between 1995 and 2005. There were 25,306 adverse events reported (52.7/100,000 doses distributed); 5.0% were classified as serious (2.6/100,000 doses distributed). Adverse events associated with evidence of vaccine-strain VZV included meningitis in patients with concurrent herpes zoster. Patients with genetic predispositions may rarely have disease triggered by receipt of varicella vaccine. Overall, serious adverse events reported after varicella vaccination continue to be rare and must be considered relative to the substantial benefits of varicella vaccination. Ongoing safety surveillance and further studies may shed light on some of the hypothesized associations. C1 [Chaves, Sandra S.; Haber, Penina; Walton, Kimp; Schmid, D. Scott; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wise, Robert P.; Izurieta, Hector S.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schaves@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 55 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S170 EP S177 DI 10.1086/522161 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600026 PM 18419393 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Zhang, J Civen, R Watson, BM Carbajal, T Perella, D Seward, JF AF Chaves, Sandra S. Zhang, John Civen, Rachel Watson, Barbara M. Carbajal, Tina Perella, Dana Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella disease among vaccinated persons: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics, 1997-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; 2 INJECTIONS; CARE-CENTER; COMPLICATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; SAFETY; POSTLICENSURE; POPULATION AB Approximately 1 in every 5 children who receives 1 dose of varicella vaccine may develop varicella disease, also known as breakthrough disease, if exposed to varicella-zoster virus. Currently, in communities with high vaccination coverage, varicella cases mostly occur in vaccinated individuals. We report on the first population-based description of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of varicella in populations with increasing vaccine coverage between 1997 and 2005. In vaccinated children 1-14 years of age, varicella was most often mild and modified; the atypical disease presentation may result in diagnostic challenges to health care providers. However, despite the generally mild nature of these cases, similar to 25% caused >50 lesions, and some resulted in serious complications similar to those occurring in unvaccinated individuals. Continued surveillance of the risk and characteristics of breakthrough disease will be needed, to monitor the effect of the new 2-dose vaccine recommendation for children. C1 [Chaves, Sandra S.; Zhang, John; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Civen, Rachel; Carbajal, Tina] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Watson, Barbara M.; Perella, Dana] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM schaves@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S127 EP S131 DI 10.1086/522150 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600018 PM 18419385 ER PT J AU Civen, R Lopez, AS Zhang, J Garcia-Herrera, J Schmid, DS Chaves, SS Mascola, L AF Civen, Rachel Lopez, Adriana S. Zhang, John Garcia-Herrera, Jorge Schmid, D. Scott Chaves, Sandra S. Mascola, Laurene TI Varicella outbreak epidemiology in an active surveillance site, 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID UNITED-STATES; CARE-CENTER; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN AB We describe trends and characteristics of varicella outbreaks identified in an active surveillance site from 1995 to 2005. Cases of varicella were reported to the active surveillance project, and outbreaks were defined retrospectively as >= 5 varicella cases epidemiologically linked to a common setting that occurred within 1 incubation period. Outbreaks were grouped by calendar year. From 1995-1998 to 2002-2005, varicella outbreaks significantly decreased in number, from 236 to 46 (P<.001); in size, from a median of 15 cases/outbreak to 9 cases/outbreak (P<.001); and in duration, from 44.5 days to 30 days (P<.001). The median age of case patients with outbreak-related varicella increased from 6 to 9 years (P<.001). The 1-dose varicella vaccination program has been successful in decreasing the number of outbreaks and cases; however, challenges remain with regard to controlling outbreaks among vaccinated persons and targeting vaccination efforts to susceptible persons in older age groups. C1 [Civen, Rachel; Garcia-Herrera, Jorge; Mascola, Laurene] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis Control Program, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. [Lopez, Adriana S.; Zhang, John; Schmid, D. Scott; Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Civen, R (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis Control Program, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 212, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM rciven@ph.lacounty.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S114 EP S119 DI 10.1086/522144 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600016 PM 18419383 ER PT J AU Gershon, AA Arvin, AM Levin, MJ Seward, JF Schmid, DS AF Gershon, Anne A. Arvin, Ann M. Levin, Myron J. Seward, Jane F. Schmid, D. Scott TI Varicella vaccine in the United States: A decade of prevention and the way forward SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gershon, Anne A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Arvin, Ann M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Levin, Myron J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Seward, Jane F.; Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gershon, AA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, 650 W 168th St,BB427, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM aag1@columbia.edu NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S39 EP S40 DI 10.1086/522165 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600001 PM 18419405 ER PT J AU Guris, D Jumaan, AO Mascola, L Watson, BM Zhang, JX Chaves, SS Gargiullo, P Perella, D Civen, R Seward, JF AF Guris, Dalya Jumaan, Aisha O. Mascola, Laurene Watson, Barbara M. Zhang, John X. Chaves, Sandra S. Gargiullo, Paul Perella, Dana Civen, Rachel Seward, Jane F. TI Changing varicella epidemiology in active surveillance sites - United States, 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; OUTBREAK; SCHOOL; CHILDREN; DECLINE; SYSTEM; TIME; RISK AB Significant reductions in varicella incidence were reported from 1995 to 2000 in the varicella active surveillance sites of Antelope Valley (AV), California, and West Philadelphia (WP), Pennsylvania. We examined incidence rates, median age, and vaccination status of case patients for 1995-2005. Coverage data were from the National Immunization Survey. By 2005, coverage among children 19-35 months of age reached 92% (AV) and 94% (WP); 57% and 64% of case patients in AV and WP, respectively, were vaccinated; and varicella incidence declined by 89.8% in AV and 90.4% in WP. Incidence declined in all age groups, especially among children ! 10 years of age in both sites and among adolescents 10-14 years of age in WP. In AV, since 2000, the incidence among adolescents 10-14 and 15-19 years of age increased. Implementation of school requirements through 10th grade in WP may explain the differences in the decline in incidence among adolescents. Continued surveillance will be important to monitor the impact that the 2-dose vaccine policy in children has on varicella epidemiology. C1 [Guris, Dalya; Jumaan, Aisha O.; Zhang, John X.; Chaves, Sandra S.; Gargiullo, Paul; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mascola, Laurene; Civen, Rachel] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Watson, Barbara M.; Perella, Dana] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Jumaan, AO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoj1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S71 EP S75 DI 10.1086/522156 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600009 PM 18419413 ER PT J AU Hurley, LP Harpaz, R Daley, MF Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, J Babbel, C Marin, M Steiner, JF Davidson, A Dickinson, LM Kempe, A AF Hurley, Laura P. Harpaz, Rafael Daley, Matthew F. Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Marin, Mona Steiner, John F. Davidson, Arthur Dickinson, L. Miriam Kempe, Allison TI National survey of primary care physicians regarding herpes zoster and the herpes zoster vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Advisory-Committee-on-Immunization-Practices (ACIP) CY FEB, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; VARICELLA VACCINE; VIRUS; BARRIERS; DISEASE; ADULTS; IMPACT AB Background. This study describes physicians' perception of burden associated with herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), intentions for recommending the HZ vaccine, and perceived barriers to vaccination. Methods. A national survey of 438 general internal medicine (GIM) and 433 family medicine (FM) physicians was conducted during November-December 2005. Results. The survey response rate was 69%. Approximately 35% of GIM and FM physicians strongly agreed that HZ and PHN caused a significant burden of disease. For patients 60-79 years of age, >= 80% of GIM and FM physicians were somewhat or very likely to recommend HZ vaccine. In multivariate analyses, physicians who strongly agreed that HZ and PHN cause significant burden were more likely to recommend the vaccine to patients 60-79 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.85-4.09]), whereas those who felt there was insufficient information about duration of protection (OR, 0.40 [CI, 0.24-0.67]), that the need to store HZ vaccine in a freezer was a definite barrier (OR, 0.31 [CI, 0.13-0.75]), or that their patients would not pay for the vaccine if it was not covered by insurance (OR, 0.57 [CI, 0.38-0.86]) were less likely to recommend it. Conclusions. Primary care physicians perceived a high level of burden from HZ and PHN and generally favored the HZ vaccine. C1 [Hurley, Laura P.] Denver Hlth, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Hurley, Laura P.; Steiner, John F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Crane, Lori A.; Davidson, Arthur] Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Davidson, Arthur] Univ Colorado, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Crane, Lori A.; Beaty, Brenda L.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Steiner, John F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcome Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Crane, Lori A.; Beaty, Brenda L.; Barrow, Jennifer; Babbel, Christine; Steiner, John F.; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Davidson, Arthur] Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Daley, Matthew F.; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Harpaz, Rafael; Marin, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hurley, LP (reprint author), Denver Hlth, Div Gen Internal Med, 660 Bannock MC 1914, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM Laura.Hurley@dhha.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000054-03]; PHS HHS [D54-HP00054, D55HP05157] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S216 EP S223 DI 10.1086/522153 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600033 PM 18419400 ER PT J AU Leung, J Rue, A Lopez, A Ortega-Sanchez, I Harpaz, R Guris, D Seward, JF AF Leung, Jessica Rue, Alison Lopez, Adriana Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael Harpaz, Rafael Guris, Dalya Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella outbreak reporting, response, management, and national surveillance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MORTALITY; DECLINE AB Two national surveys were conducted to evaluate the status of varicella case-based surveillance and outbreak response. Although progress toward national surveillance has been significant, a large number of jurisdictions are still without case-based surveillance. For jurisdictions beginning case-based surveillance with limited resources, a staged approach is recommended. The national outbreak survey showed that a significant number of varicella outbreaks continue to occur. The majority of jurisdictions respond to these outbreaks, although the response varies considerably. Depending on the outbreak-response approach, costs per outbreak ranged from $3000 for a typical, or passive, response to $6000 for a more active response. As varicella surveillance and outbreak control improves, jurisdictions may benefit from more-standardized outbreak-control practices. The recent recommendation by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for a routine second dose of varicella vaccine should lead to better varicella disease control, making case-based surveillance and appropriate outbreak response even more feasible. C1 [Leung, Jessica; Rue, Alison; Lopez, Adriana; Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael; Harpaz, Rafael; Guris, Dalya; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rue, Alison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leung, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JLeung@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S108 EP S113 DI 10.1086/522138 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600015 PM 18419382 ER PT J AU Lopez, AS Kolasa, MS Seward, JF AF Lopez, Adriana S. Kolasa, Maureen S. Seward, Jane F. TI Status of school entry requirements for varicella vaccination and vaccination coverage 11 years after implementation of the varicella vaccination program SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; CARE; LAWS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB We reviewed progress toward adoption of day care and school entry requirements in each state and the District of Columbia ( DC) and compared varicella vaccination coverage by state to year of implementation of day care entry requirements. By the start of the 2006-2007 school year, 46 states (92%) and DC had implemented entry requirements for varicella vaccination. Between 1997 and 2005, national varicella vaccination coverage among children 19-35 months of age increased from 25.8% to 87.9%. Implementation of day care entry requirements in 2000 or earlier was associated with higher vaccination coverage (>= 90%; P=.002). Implementation of day care and school entry requirements for varicella vaccination is an important strategy for achieving and maintaining high vaccination coverage among preschool- and school-aged children in the United States. The newly adopted vaccine policy recommendation of 2 doses of varicella vaccine for all school-aged children should be incorporated into the states' school entry requirements. C1 [Lopez, Adriana S.; Kolasa, Maureen S.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lopez, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alopez@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S76 EP S81 DI 10.1086/522139 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600010 PM 18419414 ER PT J AU Marin, M Watson, TL Chaves, SS Civen, R Watson, BM Zhang, JX Perella, D Mascola, L Seward, JF AF Marin, Mona Watson, Tureka L. Chaves, Sandra S. Civen, Rachel Watson, Barbara M. Zhang, John X. Perella, Dana Mascola, Laurene Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella among adults: Data from an active surveillance project, 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE; COMPLICATIONS; PNEUMONIA; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; CHICKENPOX; MORTALITY AB We report detailed population-based data on varicella among adults. In 2 US varicella active surveillance sites with high vaccine coverage among young children, the incidence of varicella among adults declined 74% during 1995-2005. A low proportion (3%) of adults with varicella had been vaccinated, with no improvement over the decade of program implementation, suggesting that the decline was likely secondary to herd-immunity effects. Compared with children, adults had more severe varicella in terms of both clinical presentation and frequency of complications. However, <30% of adults with varicella were treated with acyclovir. Among adolescents, illness severity was intermediate between that in children and adults. Varicella cases are preventable through vaccination. As we enter the second decade of the varicella vaccination program in the United States, we need to ensure that susceptible adolescents and adults are adequately protected from varicella by vaccination and that those who acquire varicella are appropriately treated with effective antiviral treatment. C1 [Marin, Mona; Watson, Tureka L.; Chaves, Sandra S.; Zhang, John X.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Civen, Rachel; Mascola, Laurene] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Watson, Barbara M.; Perella, Dana] Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Marin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmarin@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S94 EP S100 DI 10.1086/522155 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600013 PM 18419417 ER PT J AU Parker, AA Reynolds, MA Leung, J Anderson, M Rey, A Ortega-Sanchez, IR Schmid, DS Guris, D Gensheimer, KF AF Parker, Amy A. Reynolds, Meredith A. Leung, Jessica Anderson, Meredith Rey, Araceli Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Schmid, D. Scott Guris, Dalya Gensheimer, Kathleen F. TI Challenges to implementing second-dose varicella vaccination during an outbreak in the absence of a routine 2-dose vaccination requirement - Maine, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ZOSTER-VIRUS; MORTALITY; TIME AB In June 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ( ACIP) recommended administering a second dose of varicella vaccine during outbreaks, supplementing the routine 1-dose requirement. From October 2005 to January 2006, a varicella outbreak occurred in Maine in a highly vaccinated elementary school population. We investigated the outbreak, held a school-based vaccination clinic, and assessed costs in implementing ACIP's outbreak-response recommendation. Parents completed questionnaires and case investigation interviews. Personnel at the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the school in which the outbreak occurred("school A"), and physician offices completed economic surveys. Forty-eight cases occurred, with no hospitalizations or deaths. Vaccine effectiveness was 86.6% (95% confidence interval, 82.0% -90.1%). Of 240 eligible students, 132 (55.0%) received second-dose vaccination. Implementing ACIP's outbreak-response recommendation was challenging and cost approximately $26,875. Additionally, the routine 1-dose varicella vaccination policy did not confer adequate population immunity to prevent this outbreak. These findings support ACIP's June 2007 recommendation for a routine 2-dose varicella vaccination program. C1 [Parker, Amy A.; Reynolds, Meredith A.; Leung, Jessica; Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.; Guris, Dalya] CDC, Div Viral Dis, NCIRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schmid, D. Scott] CDC, Natl Varicella Zoster Virus Lab, NCIRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Parker, Amy A.; Rey, Araceli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anderson, Meredith; Rey, Araceli; Gensheimer, Kathleen F.] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, GA USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, NCIRD, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Rm 31B, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AParker@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S101 EP S107 DI 10.1086/522134 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600014 PM 18419381 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Chaves, SS Harpaz, R Lopez, AS Seward, JF AF Reynolds, Meredith A. Chaves, Sandra S. Harpaz, Rafael Lopez, Adriana S. Seward, Jane F. TI The impact of the varicella vaccination program on herpes zoster epidemiology in the United States: A review SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; MASS VACCINATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; CHICKENPOX; PROTECTION; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Speculation that a universal varicella vaccination program might lead to an increase in herpes zoster (HZ) incidence has been supported by modeling studies that assume that exposure to varicella boosts immunity and protects against reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) as HZ. Such studies predict an increase in HZ incidence until the adult population becomes predominantly composed of individuals with vaccine-induced immunity who do not harbor wild-type VZV. In the United States, a varicella vaccination program was implemented in 1995. Since then, studies monitoring HZ incidence have shown inconsistent findings: 2 studies have shown no increase in overall incidence, whereas 1 study has shown an increase. Studies from Canada and the United Kingdom have shown increasing rates of HZ incidence in the absence of a varicella vaccination program. Data suggest that heretofore unidentified risk factors for HZ also are changing over time. Further studies are needed to identify these factors, to isolate possible additional effects from a varicella vaccination program. Untangling the contribution of these different factors on HZ epidemiology will be challenging. C1 [Reynolds, Meredith A.; Chaves, Sandra S.; Harpaz, Rafael; Lopez, Adriana S.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtr6@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S224 EP S227 DI 10.1086/522162 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600034 PM 18419401 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Watson, BM Plott-Adams, KK Jumaan, AO Galil, K Maupin, TJ Zhang, JX Seward, JF AF Reynolds, Meredith A. Watson, Barbara M. Plott-Adams, Kelly K. Jumaan, Aisha O. Galil, Karin Maupin, Teresa J. Zhang, John X. Seward, Jane F. TI Epidemiology of varicella hospitalizations in the United States, 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; VACCINE; INFECTIONS; IMPACT; COMPLICATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; MORTALITY; DECLINE; ADULTS AB To describe the impact of the varicella vaccination program on varicella-related hospitalizations (VRHs) in the United States, data from the Varicella Active Surveillance Project ( VASP) were used to compare rates of hospitalization and rates of complications among patients hospitalized for varicella-related conditions from 1995 to 2005. Of the 26,290 varicella cases reported between 1995 and 2005, 170 cases resulted in VRHs, including 1 case that resulted in death. Both VRH rates per 100,000 population and complications during VRH per 100,000 population decreased significantly between the early vaccination period ( 1995-1998) and the middle/late vaccination period (1999-2005). Infants and adults were at highest risk for VRH, and having been vaccinated against varicella was a protective factor. Varicella vaccination may have prevented a significant number of VRHs. The fact that 4 vaccinated children required hospitalization for varicella-relatedcomplications demonstrates that 1 dose of varicella vaccine does not prevent serious disease in all cases, even among previously healthy children. C1 [Reynolds, Meredith A.; Plott-Adams, Kelly K.; Jumaan, Aisha O.; Galil, Karin; Zhang, John X.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Watson, Barbara M.] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Plott-Adams, Kelly K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Maupin, Teresa J.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtr6@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S120 EP S126 DI 10.1086/522146 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600017 PM 18419384 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Marin, M Vazquez, M AF Seward, Jane F. Marin, Mona Vazquez, Marietta TI Varicella vaccine effectiveness in the US vaccination program: A review SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; IMMEDIATE INOCULATION; QUADRIVALENT MEASLES; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FAMILY CONTACTS; UNITED-STATES; LIVE VACCINE AB Varicella vaccine (Varivax, Merck) has been available in the United States since 1995. We reviewed published results of postlicensure studies of vaccine effectiveness. Among 19 studies, 17 reported on the effectiveness of vaccine received before exposure, and 2 reported on effectiveness after exposure. Studies used retrospective and prospective cohort, case-control, and secondary attack rate ( household contact) designs. The majority of estimates assessed protection against clinically diagnosed varicella. One dose of varicella vaccine was 84.5% effective ( median; range, 44%-100%) in preventing all varicella and 100% effective ( mean and median) in preventing severe varicella. When administered after exposure, varicella vaccine was highly effective in preventing or modifying varicella. Although 1 dose of varicella vaccine has provided excellent protection, a higher degree of effectiveness is needed in order to interrupt transmission and to prevent outbreaks in settings with high contact rates. Monitoring the effectiveness of the newly recommended 2-dose childhood vaccine schedule for varicella vaccine is a priority. C1 [Seward, Jane F.; Marin, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vazquez, Marietta] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S82 EP S89 DI 10.1086/522145 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600011 PM 18419415 ER PT J AU Sosa, LE Hadler, JL AF Sosa, Lynn E. Hadler, James L. TI Epidemiology of varicella in Connecticut, 2001-2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION AB We analyzed varicella surveillance data in Connecticut for 2001-2005, to describe the epidemiology of varicella in a highly vaccinated population after the introduction of varicella vaccine and to determine the number of preventable cases that had occurred during school-related outbreaks. Overall, the incidence of varicella did not change during the surveillance period. Vaccination rates among reported case patients increased, and the severity of infection decreased. An annual median of 2.5 cases/outbreak was identified as being preventable, with a majority of these cases being preventable by revaccination of previously vaccinated persons. Continued surveillance is needed in order to monitor changing trends in varicella epidemiology. C1 [Sosa, Lynn E.; Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Sosa, Lynn E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sosa, LE (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, 410 Capitol Ave,MS 11 FDS,POB 340308, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM lynn.sosa@ct.gov FU PHS HHS [H23/CCH122525] NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S90 EP S93 DI 10.1086/522128 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600012 PM 18419416 ER PT J AU Weinmann, S Chun, C Mullooly, JP Riedlinger, K Houston, H Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Seward, JF AF Weinmann, Sheila Chun, Colleen Mullooly, John P. Riedlinger, Karen Houston, Heather Loparev, Vladimir N. Schmid, D. Scott Seward, Jane F. TI Laboratory diagnosis and characteristics of breakthrough varicella in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Vaccine Safety Datalink Annual Conference CY JUN, 2004 CL Madison, WI ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WILD-TYPE STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE FAILURE; FOLLOW-UP; ANTIBODY; CHICKENPOX; PROTECTION; DECLINE; IMPACT AB The atypical features of varicella in vaccinated persons (breakthrough varicella [BTV]) present diagnostic challenges. We examined varicella-zoster virus (VZV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG serologic test results for confirming BTV cases. Among 33 vaccinated children with varicella-like rash, we identified wild-type VZV in 58% overall and in 76% of those with adequate tissue specimens; no vaccine-type virus was found. Of the 12 subjects with PCR-confirmed BTV and acute-phase serum samples, 9 had detectable IgM, and all had highly elevated acute-phase IgG titers. Six subjects with negative PCR results had lower IgG titers and negative IgM results. Although PCR is the preferred method for laboratory confirmation of BTV, a positive serum varicella IgM test result should also be considered to be diagnostic in a suspected BTV case; however, a negative IgM test result cannot be used to rule out the diagnosis. The value of highly elevated IgG titers needs further evaluation. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results. C1 [Weinmann, Sheila; Chun, Colleen; Mullooly, John P.; Riedlinger, Karen; Houston, Heather] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Schmid, D. Scott; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Loparev, Vladimir N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Biol Prod Branch, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinmann, S (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM Sheila.Weinmann@kpchr.org NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S132 EP S138 DI 10.1086/522148 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600019 PM 18419386 ER PT J AU Wilson, E Goss, MA Marin, M Shields, KE Seward, JF Rasmussen, SA Sharrar, RG AF Wilson, Eileen Goss, Mary Ann Marin, Mona Shields, Kristine E. Seward, Jane F. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Sharrar, Robert G. TI Varicella vaccine exposure during pregnancy: Data from 10 years of the pregnancy registry SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; DISEASE; VIRUS AB Background. The Pregnancy Registry for Varivax (Merck) was established to monitor for congenital varicella syndrome or other birth defects in the offspring of women who were exposed to varicella vaccine while pregnant. Methods. The registry receives voluntary reports from health care providers or consumers about women given the vaccine 3 months before or during pregnancy. Follow-up is conducted to obtain and classify pregnancy outcomes. All reports are evaluated for the presence of birth defects. Outcomes from prospectively reported pregnancy exposures are used to calculate rates and 95% confidence intervals. Results. From 17 March 1995 through 16 March 2005, 981 women were enrolled. Pregnancy outcomes were available for 629 prospectively enrolled women. Among the 131 live births to varicella-zoster virus-seronegative women, there was no evidence of congenital varicella syndrome (rate, 0% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0%-6.7%]), and major birth defects were observed in 3 infants (rate, 3.7% [ 95% CI, 0.8%-10.7%]). Conclusions. Although the numbers of exposures are not sufficient to rule out a very low risk, data collected in the pregnancy registry to date do not support a relationship between the occurrence of congenital varicella syndrome or other birth defects and varicella vaccine exposure during pregnancy. C1 [Wilson, Eileen; Goss, Mary Ann; Shields, Kristine E.; Sharrar, Robert G.] Merck & Co Inc, Clin Risk Management & Safety Surveillance, West Point, PA 19486 USA. [Marin, Mona; Seward, Jane F.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, E (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Clin Risk Management & Safety Surveillance, West Point, PA 19486 USA. EM eileen_wilson2@merck.com NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S178 EP S184 DI 10.1086/522136 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600027 PM 18419394 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Ortega-Sanchez, IR Guris, D Shefer, A Lieu, T Seward, JF AF Zhou, Fangjun Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Guris, Dalya Shefer, Abigail Lieu, Tracy Seward, Jane F. TI An economic analysis of the universal varicella vaccination program in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; CHILDHOOD VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UTILITY ANALYSIS; CHICKENPOX; AUSTRALIA; OUTBREAK; IMPACT AB Frequent varicella outbreaks with sizable impact on the US public health system have continued to occur despite the success of the country's 1-dose varicella vaccination program. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently recommended adding a routine second dose of varicella vaccine and weighed economic projections as well as public health goals in their deliberations. This decision-tree-based analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic impact of the projected 2-dose varicella vaccination program as well as the existing 1-dose program. The analysis used population-based vaccination coverage and disease incidence data to make projections for a hypothetical US birth cohort of 4,100,000 infants born in 2006. Compared with no vaccination, both the 1-dose program (societal benefit-cost ratio [BCR], 4.37) and 2-dose program (BCR, 2.73) were estimated to be cost saving from the societal perspective. Compared with the 1-dose program, the incremental second dose was not cost saving (societal incremental BCR, 0.56). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the second dose was $343 per case prevented, or similar to$109,000 per quality-adjusted life-year saved, and these results were sensitive to assumptions about vaccine effectiveness and prices. C1 [Zhou, Fangjun; Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.; Guris, Dalya; Shefer, Abigail; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lieu, Tracy] Harvard Univ, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lieu, Tracy] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 197 SU 2 BP S156 EP S164 DI 10.1086/522135 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271FF UT WOS:000253773600024 PM 18419391 ER PT J AU Moulton, AD AF Moulton, Anthony D. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moulton, AD (reprint author), CDC, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 270HH UT WOS:000253711400003 ER PT J AU Shaw, FE AF Shaw, Frederic E. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaw, FE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 270HH UT WOS:000253711400002 PM 18453051 ER PT J AU Vanderwagen, RWC Popovic, T AF Vanderwagen, R. A. D. M. W. Craig Popovic, Tanja TI The national action agenda for public health legal preparedness - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vanderwagen, R. A. D. M. W. Craig] US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Popovic, Tanja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vanderwagen, RWC (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100003 ER PT J AU Kamoie, B Pestronk, RM Baldridge, P Fidler, D Devlin, L Mensah, GA Doney, M AF Kamoie, Brian Pestronk, Robert M. Baldridge, Peter Fidler, David Devlin, Leah Mensah, George A. Doney, Michael TI Assessing laws and legal authorities for public health emergency legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summitt on Public Health Legal Preparedness CY JUN, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 [Kamoie, Brian] US Dept HHS, Off Policy & Strateg Planning, Off Assostant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. [Pestronk, Robert M.] Genesee Cty Hlth Dept, Flint, MI USA. [Baldridge, Peter] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Off Legal Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Fidler, David] Indiana Univ, Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Devlin, Leah] N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mensah, George A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Washington, DC USA. [Doney, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Doney, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kamoie, B (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Policy & Strateg Planning, Off Assostant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00256.x PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100007 PM 18315748 ER PT J AU Hogan, R Bullard, CH Stier, D Penn, MS Wall, T Cleland, J Burch, JH Monroe, J Ragland, RE Baker, T Casciotti, J AF Hogan, Rick Bullard, Cheryl H. Stier, Daniel Penn, Matthew S. Wall, Teresa Cleland, John Burch, James H. Monroe, Judith Ragland, Robert E. Baker, Thurbert Casciotti, John TI Assessing cross-sectoral and cross-jurisdictional coordination for public health emergency legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summitt on Public Health Legal Preparedness CY JUN, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 [Hogan, Rick] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Bullard, Cheryl H.; Penn, Matthew S.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Off Gen Counsel, Hlth Serv, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Stier, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wall, Teresa] Tribal Publ Hlth Consultant Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Burch, James H.] US Dept Justice, Off Justice Programs, Bur Justice Assistance, Washington, DC USA. [Monroe, Judith] Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Casciotti, John] US Dept Def, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. [Ragland, Robert E.] Los Angeles Cty Off Cty Counsel, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hogan, R (reprint author), Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00258.x PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100009 PM 18315750 ER PT J AU Pestronk, RM Kamoie, B Fidler, D Matthews, G Benjamin, GC Bryan, RT Tuch, SH Gottfried, R Fielding, JE Schmitz, F Redd, S AF Pestronk, Robert M. Kamoie, Brian Fidler, David Matthews, Gene Benjamin, Georges C. Bryan, Ralph T. Tuch, Socrates H. Gottfried, Richard Fielding, Jonathan E. Schmitz, Fran Redd, Stephen TI Improving laws and legal authorities for public health emergency legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summitt on Public Health Legal Preparedness CY JUN, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 [Pestronk, Robert M.] Genesee Cty Hlth Dept, Flint, MI USA. [Fidler, David] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Matthews, Gene] Inst Publ Hlth Law, Atlanta, GA USA. [Benjamin, Georges C.] Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Tuch, Socrates H.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Legal Dept, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Fielding, Jonathan E.] Los Angeles Cty Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schmitz, Fran] US Dept Justice, Washington, DC USA. [Redd, Stephen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Coordinat Unit, Washington, DC USA. RP Pestronk, RM (reprint author), Genesee Cty Hlth Dept, Flint, MI USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00260.x PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100011 PM 18315752 ER PT J AU Gebbie, KM Hodge, JG Meier, BM Barrett, DH Keith, P Koo, D Sweeney, PM Winget, P AF Gebbie, Kristine M. Hodge, James G. Meier, Benjamin Mason Barrett, Drue H. Keith, Priscilla Koo, Denise Sweeney, Patricia M. Winget, Patricia TI Improving competencies for public health emergency legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summitt on Public Health Legal Preparedness CY JUN, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 [Winget, Patricia] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Gebbie, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gebbie, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hodge, James G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hodge, James G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Meier, Benjamin Mason] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Barrett, Drue H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keith, Priscilla] Marion Cty Hlth & Hosp Corp, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Koo, Denise] US PHS, Washington, DC USA. [Koo, Denise] CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sweeney, Patricia M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Winget, Patricia] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Off Gen Counsel, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Gebbie, KM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00261.x PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100012 PM 18315753 ER PT J AU Bullard, CH Hogan, RD Penn, MS Ferris, J Cleland, J Stier, D Davis, RM Allan, S Van de Putte, L Caine, V Besser, RE Gravely, S AF Bullard, Cheryl H. Hogan, Rick D. Penn, Matthew S. Ferris, Janet Cleland, John Stier, Daniel Davis, Ronald M. Allan, Susan Van de Putte, Leticia Caine, Virginia Besser, Richard E. Gravely, Steven TI Improving cross-sectoral and cross-jurisdictional coordination for public health emergency legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summitt on Public Health Legal Preparedness CY JUN, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 [Bullard, Cheryl H.; Penn, Matthew S.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Hogan, Rick D.] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Human Serv, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Cleland, John] Court Common Pleas McKean Cty, Smethport, PA USA. [Stier, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davis, Ronald M.] Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Caine, Virginia] Marion Cty Hlth Dept Indiana, Marion, IN USA. [Besser, Richard E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gravely, Steven] Troutman Sanders LLP, Richmond, VA USA. RP Bullard, CH (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00262.x PG 7 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 273RT UT WOS:000253950100013 PM 18315754 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Eisen, L AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Eisen, Lars TI Spatial Modeling of human risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens based on epidemiological versus arthropod vector data SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dengue; Lyme disease; plague; spatial risk models; tularemia ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; IXODES-PACIFICUS ACARI; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HABITAT-SUITABILITY AB Understanding spatial patterns of human risk of exposure to arthropod vectors and their associated pathogens is critical for targeting limited prevention, surveillance, and control resources (e.g., spatial targeting of vaccination, drug administration, or education campaigns; use of sentinel sites to monitor vector abundance; and identifying areas for most effective use of pesticides). Vector-borne disease risk can, in many cases, be modeled with high predictive accuracy by using geographic information system approaches because abundances of vectors and pathogen reservoirs often are associated with environmental factors. Spatial risk models for human exposure to vector-borne pathogens, which ideally should have high accuracy for predicting areas of elevated risk without overestimating risk coverage, can be constructed based on epidemiological data or abundance of vectors or infected vectors. We use five bacterial or viral vector-borne diseases occurring in the United States and with pathogen transmission by fleas (plague), ticks (Lyme disease and tularemia), or mosquitoes (dengue and West Nile virus disease) to 1) examine how spatial risk of human exposure to vector-borne pathogens typically is presented to the public health community and public and 2) evaluate the utility of basing spatial risk models on epidemiological data relative to data for arthropod vectors or infected vectors. Recommended future directions for vector-borne disease risk modeling include development of subcounty level spatial risk models combining epidemiological and vector data and the use of simulation or analytical models to assess critical vector abundance thresholds required for enzootic pathogen maintenance. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-25489] NR 122 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[181:SMOHRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 268CO UT WOS:000253555700002 PM 18402133 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Anderson, M Gordon, E Mcmillen, L Colton, L Delorey, M Sutherland, G Aspen, S Charnetzky, D Burkhalter, K Godsey, M AF Savage, Harry M. Anderson, Michael Gordon, Emily Mcmillen, Larry Colton, Leah Delorey, Mark Sutherland, Genevieve Aspen, Stephen Charnetzky, Dawn Burkhalter, Kristen Godsey, Marvin TI Host-seeking heights, host-seeking activity patterns, and West Nile virus infection rates for members of the Culex pipiens complex at different habitat types within the hybrid zone, Shelby County, TN, 2002 (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens complex; host-seeking activity period; host-seeking height; West Nile virus; pipiens ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; VECTORS; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; CALIFORNIA; SPACERS AB Host-seeking heights, host-seeking activity patterns, and West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) infection rates were assessed for members of the Culex pipiens complex from July to December 2002, by using chicken-baited can traps (CT) at four ecologically different sites in Shelby County, TN. Host-seeking height was assessed by CT placed at elevations of 3.1, 4.6, and 7.6 m during one 24-h period per month. Host-seeking activity was assessed by paired CT placed at an elevation of 4.6 in. Can traps were sampled at one 10-h daytime interval and at seven 2-h intervals during the evening, night, and morning. Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes accounted for 87.1% of collected mosquitoes. Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar & Knab) accounted for 11.9% of specimens. The average number of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes collected per 24-h CT period from July to September was lowest at a rural middle income site (1.7), intermediate at an urban middle income site (11.3), and highest at an urban low income site (47.4). Can traps at the forested site failed to collect Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes. From July to September at urban sites, Culex pipiens pipiens L. was the rarest of the three complex members accounting for 11.1-25.6% of specimens. At the rural site, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say was the rarest member of the complex. Cx. p. pipiens was not collected after September. Mean abundance of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes was higher in traps at 7.6 m than in traps at 4.6 m. Abundances at 3.1 In were intermediate and not significantly different from abundances at the other heights. Initiation of host-seeking activity was associated with the end of civil twilight and activity occurred over an extended nighttime period lasting 8-10 h. All 11 WNV-positive mosquitoes were Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes collected from urban sites in traps placed at elevations of 4.6 and 7.6 m. Infection rates were marginally nonsignificant by height. Infection rates, host-seeking heights, and activity patterns were not significantly different among members of the Cx. pipiens complex. C1 [Savage, Harry M.; Anderson, Michael; Gordon, Emily; Mcmillen, Larry; Colton, Leah; Delorey, Mark; Sutherland, Genevieve; Aspen, Stephen; Charnetzky, Dawn; Burkhalter, Kristen; Godsey, Marvin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM hiiisl@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[276:HHHAPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 268CO UT WOS:000253555700013 PM 18402144 ER PT J AU Cassiday, PK Tobin-D'Angelo, M Watson, JR Wu, KH Park, MM Sanden, GN AF Cassiday, Pamela K. Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa Watson, J. Renee Wu, Kai-Hui Park, Mahin M. Sanden, Gary N. TI Co-infection with two different strains of Bordetella pertussis in an infant SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; BACILLUS BRONCHISEPTICUS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; PARAPERTUSSIS; SURVEILLANCE; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; TOXIN AB We report co-infection with two phenotypically and genotypically distinct strains of Bordetella pertussis in an infant male hospitalized with a 2-week history of cough, paroxysms and vomiting. Colonies from the two B. pertussis phenotypes were isolated and evaluated by PFGE profile analysis, gene sequence typing and PCR-RFLP of a portion of the 23S rRNA gene. These results demonstrated simultaneous infection with two different strains of B. pertussis. C1 [Cassiday, Pamela K.; Wu, Kai-Hui; Sanden, Gary N.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa; Park, Mahin M.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Watson, J. Renee] Northlake Med Ctr, Tucker, GA USA. RP Cassiday, PK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM PCassiday@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 388 EP 391 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47602-0 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 271YL UT WOS:000253824500021 PM 18287306 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Pavuk, M AF Michalek, Joel E. Pavuk, Marian TI Diabetes and cancer in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand after adjustment for calendar period, days of spraying, and time spent in Southeast Asia SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-FORCE VETERANS; AGENT-ORANGE; SERUM DIOXIN; VIETNAM; HERBICIDES; EXPOSURE; TCDD AB Background: The Air Force Health Study was launched in 1980 as part of a Federal effort to resolve the Agent Orange issue. Objectives: To study diabetes and cancer with additional adjustment for days of spraying, calendar period of service, and time spent in Southeast Asia (SEA). Methods: This was a longitudinal study of veterans Of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for spraying Agent Orange and other 2,3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-contaminated herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. Results: Associations between TCDD and diabetes and between TCDD and cancer in Ranch Hand veterans are strengthened after adjustment for calendar period of service, days of spraying, and, for cancer, time spent in SEA. Conclusions: Calendar period of service, days of spraying, and time spent in SEA are important confounders in the Air Force Health Study. C1 [Michalek, Joel E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Pavuk, Marian] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 314-9 Adm Bldg,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM michalekj@uthscsa.edu NR 24 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 330 EP 340 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31815f889b PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 274KW UT WOS:000254001200011 PM 18332783 ER PT J AU Matt, GE Bernert, JT Hovell, MF AF Matt, Georg E. Bernert, John T. Hovell, Melbourne F. TI Measuring secondhand smoke exposure in children: An ecological measurement approach SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; contamination; exposure; measurement; secondhand smoke ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION FACTORS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PASSIVE SMOKING; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ETS EXPOSURE; RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; INVOLUNTARY SMOKING AB Objective Behavioral, environmental, and biological measures of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are reviewed with special consideration of medically at-risk children. Methods An ecological measurement framework is introduced to examine SHS exposure of children in the context of their physical and social environments. Results The proposed approach emphasizes the need to measure (a) who uses tobacco, (b) where and when exposure takes place, (c) what media are contaminated, (d) how exposure takes place, (e) how much a child was exposed, and (f) factors that contribute to why tobacco is used in a childs environment. Conclusions Existing research suggests that medically at-risk children are among the most vulnerable populations for the harmful effects of SHS exposure. Yet, little is currently known about how SHS exposure affects these populations. The proposed approach provides a framework for the comprehensive assessment of SHS exposure to study its health effects and to design effective interventions. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bernert, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hovell, Melbourne F.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Matt, GE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM gmatt@sciences.sdsul.edu NR 97 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-8693 J9 J PEDIATR PSYCHOL JI J. Pediatr. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 156 EP 175 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm123 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 258XG UT WOS:000252903100006 PM 18079169 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Budnitz, DS Weidenbach, KN Jernigan, DB Schroeder, TJ Shehab, N Pollock, DA AF Cohen, Adam L. Budnitz, Daniel S. Weidenbach, Kelly N. Jernigan, Daniel B. Schroeder, Thomas J. Shehab, Nadine Pollock, Daniel A. TI National surveillance of emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ORAL PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; MEDICATION ERRORS; PREVENTION; SAFETY; SYSTEM AB Objective To describe the national scope and magnitude of outpatient adverse drug events (ADEs) that lead to emergency department (ED) visits in children and adolescents. Study design To conduct air active surveillance of patients 18 years of age or younger who came to EDs with ADEs from Jan 1, 2004, to Dee 31, 2005, through a nationally representative, stratified probability sample of 63 US hospitals with EDs. The main outcome measures were national estimates of the number, type, patient demographics, and clinical characteristics of ADEs. Results Annually, an estimated 158,520 patients :518 years old (95% CI, 117,745-199,295; 2 per 1000 persons) were treated in EDs for ADEs. Almost half (49.4%) of these visits occurred in patients between 1 and 4 years of age. Unintentional overdoses were the most common type of ADE (44.9%). followed by allergic reactions (35%), and adverse effects (12.6%). Antimicrobial agents, analgesic medications, and respiratory medications accounted for almost half of ADEs (25.2%, 1.3.7%, and 10.6%, respectively). Fewer than 1 in 10 patients (9.5%) required hospitalization or extended observation. Conclusions Interventions targeting unintentional overdoses of medications commonly given to preschool-aged children would likely have the highest impact in reducing ED visits from outpatient ADEs. C1 [Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cohen, Adam L.; Budnitz, Daniel S.; Weidenbach, Kelly N.; Shehab, Nadine; Pollock, Daniel A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jernigan, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schroeder, Thomas J.] US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ALCohenl@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 152 IS 3 BP 416 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.041 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 268SN UT WOS:000253599800025 PM 18280852 ER PT J AU Ham, SA Martin, S Kohl, HW AF Ham, Sandra A. Martin, Sarah Kohl, Harold W., III TI Changes in the Percentage of Students Who Walk or Bike to School-United States, 1969 and 2001 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE active travel; safe routes to school; trends; travel survey; risk behaviors AB Background: This report describes changes in the percentage of US students (age 5 to 18 years) who walked or bicycled to school and in the distance that they lived from or traveled to their school in 1969 and 2001 and travel patterns in 2001. Methods: Data were from the 1969 National Personal Transportation Survey report on school travel and the 2001 National Household Transportation Survey. Results: A smaller percentage of students lived within 1 mile of school in 2001 than in 1969. The percentage of students who walked or biked any distance decreased from 42.0% to 16.2%. Nearly half of students used more than 1 travel mode or went to an additional destination en route between home and school in 2001. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to increase the percentage of students who walk or bike to school, as well as decrease the distances that students travel. C1 [Ham, Sandra A.; Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ham, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OX UT WOS:000208015200001 PM 18382030 ER PT J AU Hamburger, ME Leeb, RI Swahn, MH AF Hamburger, Merle E. Leeb, Rebecca I. Swahn, Monica H. TI Childhood maltreatment and early alcohol use among high-risk adolescents SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL-ABUSE; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; DRINKING; DISORDER; STUDENTS; GENDER; AGE AB Objective: Child maltreatment (CM) is prevalent among US. youth and has been associated with subsequent maladaptive behaviors, including substance use. The current study examines the associations between early child maltreatment and (1) preteen alcohol-use initiation and (2) heavy episodic drinking among students in a large study of adolescents. Method: The Youth Violence Survey is a cross-sectional survey of public school students enrolled in Grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 in a school district in a high-risk community. The analysis sample was limited to students who provided complete data on all relevant variables (N = 3,559). Fifty-two percent of the analysis sample was female. Early child maltreatment was defined as witnessing domestic violence and experiencing physical and/or sexual abuse before the age of 10 years. Outcome variables include ever drinking alcohol, preteen alcohol-use initiation, and heavy episodic drinking. Results: Witnessing domestic violence, experiencing physical abuse, and experiencing sexual abuse were significantly associated with preteen alcohol-use initiation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-1.91; AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.69-2.63; AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16-2.14, respectively). Students who experienced one or more types of maltreatment were 1.5-3 times more likely to report preteen alcohol-use initiation. Heavy episodic drinking was associated only with childhood sexual abuse in boys (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.52-4.50). Conclusions: Prevention and treatment of the negative impact of early child maltreatment may delay and reduce alcohol use. C1 [Hamburger, Merle E.; Swahn, Monica H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Swahn, Monica H.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hamburger, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mhamburger@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU PHS HHS [200-2002-F-00762] NR 28 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 15 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 1937-1888 J9 J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS JI J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs PD MAR PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 269KN UT WOS:000253648000015 PM 18299771 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, J Caufield, PW Crall, JJ Donly, K Feigal, R Gooch, B Ismail, A Kohn, W Siegal, M Simonsen, R Frantsve-Hawley, J AF Beauchamp, Jean Caufield, Page W. Crall, James J. Donly, Kevin Feigal, Robert Gooch, Barbara Ismail, Amid Kohn, William Siegal, Mark Simonsen, Richard Frantsve-Hawley, Julie TI Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants - A report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sealant; pit-and-fissure sealant; caries prevention; primary prevention; secondary prevention; evidence-based dentistry; clinical recommendations ID GLASS-IONOMER SEALANTS; RESIN-BASED PIT; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; CARIES PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; FIELD TRIAL; 1ST MOLARS; RETENTION; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE AB Background. This article presents evidence-based clinical recommendations for use of pit-and-fissure sealants developed by an expert panel convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. The panel addressed the following clinical questions: Under what circumstances should sealants be placed to prevent caries? Does placing sealants over early (noncavitated) lesions prevent progression of the lesion? Are there conditions that favor the placement of resin-based versus glass ionomer cement sealants in terms of retention or caries prevention? Are there any techniques that could improve sealants' retention and effectiveness in caries prevention? Types of Studies Reviewed. Staff of the ADA Division of Science conducted a MEDLINE search to identify systematic reviews and clinical studies published after the identified systematic reviews. At the panel's request, the ADA Division of Science staff conducted additional searches for clinical studies related to specific topics. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provided unpublished systematic reviews that since have been accepted for publication. Results. The expert panel developed clinical recommendations for each clinical question. The panel concluded that sealants are effective in caries prevention and that sealants can prevent the progression of early noncavitated carious lesions. Clinical Implications. These recommendations are presented as a resource to be considered in the clinical decision-making process. As part of the evidence-based approach to care, these clinical recommendations should be integrated with the practitioner's professional judgment and the patient's needs and preferences. The evidence indicates that sealants can be used effectively to prevent the initiation and progression of dental caries. C1 [Frantsve-Hawley, Julie] Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Ctr Evidence Based Dent, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Beauchamp, Jean; Frantsve-Hawley, Julie] Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Res Inst, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Caufield, Page W.] New York Coll Dent, Dept Cariol & Comprehens Care, New York, NY USA. [Crall, James J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sect Pediat Dent, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Donly, Kevin] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat Dent, San Antonio Dent Sch, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Feigal, Robert] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gooch, Barbara; Kohn, William] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ismail, Amid] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Siegal, Mark] Ohio Dept Hlth, Bur oral Hlth Serv, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Simonsen, Richard] Midwestern Univ, Coll Dent Med, Glendale, AR USA. RP Frantsve-Hawley, J (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Res Inst, 211 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM frantsvej@ada.org RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 99 TC 169 Z9 179 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 273KQ UT WOS:000253929500035 PM 18310730 ER PT J AU Oong, EM Griffin, SO Kohn, WG Gooch, BF Caufield, PW AF Oong, Ella M. Griffin, Susan O. Kohn, William G. Gooch, Barbara F. Caufield, Page W. TI The effect of dental sealants on bacteria levels in caries lesions - A review of the evidence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pit-and-fissure sealants; caries; bacteria ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; FISSURE SEALANTS; CARIOUS LESIONS; IN-VIVO; STARVATION; VIABILITY; PIT AB Background. Concern about inadvertenly sealing over caries often prevents dentists from providing dental sealants. The objective of the authors' review was to examine the effects of sealants on bacteria levels within caries lesions under dental sealants. Methods. The authors searched electronic databases for comparative studies examining bacteria levels in sealed permanent teeth. To measure the effect of sealants on bacteria levels, they used the log(10) reduction in mean total viable bacteria counts (VBC) between sealed and not-sealed caries and the percentage reduction in the proportion of samples with viable bacteria. Results. Six studies-three randomized controlled trials, two controlled trials and one before-and-after study-were included in the analysis. Although studies varied considerably, there were no findings of significant increase in bacteria under sealants. Sealing caries was associated with a 100-fold reduction in mean total VBC (four studies, 138 samples). Sealants reduced the probability of viable bacteria by about 50.0 percent (four studies, 117 samples). Conclusions. The authors found that sealants reduced bacteria in carious lesions, but that in some studies, low levels of bacteria persisted. These findings do not support reported concerns about poorer outcomes associated with inadvertently sealing caries. Clinical Implications. Practitioners should not be reluctant to provide sealants-an intervention proven to be highly effective in preventing caries-because of concerns about inadvertently sealing over caries. C1 [Oong, Ella M.; Griffin, Susan O.; Kohn, William G.; Gooch, Barbara F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance, Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Caufield, Page W.] NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance, Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sigl@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 273KQ UT WOS:000253929500036 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Jones, K Gray, SK Malvitz, DM Gooch, BF AF Griffin, Susan O. Jones, Karil Gray, Shellie Kolavic Malvitz, Dolores M. Gooch, Barbara F. TI Exploring four-handed delivery and retention of resin-based sealants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pit-and-fissure sealants; sealant retention; four-handed delivery ID FISSURE SEALANT; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; GLASS-IONOMER; OCCLUSAL CARIES; DENTAL-CARIES; PIT; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; DENTISTRY AB Background. To date, not trials have been published that examine whether four-handed delivery of dental sealants increases their retention and effectiveness. In the absence of comparative studies, the authors used available data to explore the likelihood that four-handed delivery increased sealant retention. Methods. The authors examined data regarding the retention of autopolymerized resin-based sealants from studies included in systematic reviews of sealant effectiveness. The explanatory variable of primary interest was the presence of a second operator. To examine the unique contribution of four-handed delivery to sealant retention, the authors used linear regression models. Results. Eleven of the 36 studies form systematic reviews met explicit criteria and were included in this analysis. The high level of heterogeneity among studies suggested that multivariate analysis was the correct approach. According to the regression by 9 percentage points. Conclusions. For this group of studies, four-handed delivery of autopolymerized sealants was associated with increased sealant retention. Clinical Implications. Using four-handed delivery to place resin-based sealants may increase retention. C1 [Griffin, Susan O.; Gooch, Barbara F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jones, Karil] Quantitat Hlth Res, Elberton, GA USA. [Gray, Shellie Kolavic] Northrop Grumman, Publ Hlth Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malvitz, Dolores M.] Palladian Partners, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 273KQ UT WOS:000253929500037 PM 18310732 ER PT J AU Kane, D Mosca, N Zotti, M Schwalberg, R AF Kane, Debra Mosca, Nicholas Zotti, Marianne Schwalberg, Renee TI Factors associated with access to dental care for children with special health care needs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Oral Health Conference CY MAY, 2006 CL Little Rock, AK DE access to dental care; children with special health care needs; health services research; barriers to dental care; dental care ID ORAL-HEALTH; BEHAVIORAL-MODEL; MEDICAL-CARE; SERVICES; ADOLESCENTS; PEOPLE; ADULTS; IMPACT AB Background. The authors examined the relationship between receipt of routine medical care and receipt of dental care among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) who resided in the American Dental Association's Fifth Trustee District, which includes Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi. Methods. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, a module of that year's State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Maternal and-Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Service Administration, Rockville, Md., and conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta). The authors used bivariate and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships (n = 2,092) between predisposing, enabling and need factors and receipt of dental care. Results. The parents of an estimated 76 percent of CSHCN in the district reported that their child had a need-for dental care in the previous 12 months. Of these, 13.1 percent did not receive care. Failure to obtain needed dental care was associated with failure to obtain routine medical care, as was having a lower income. Conclusions. Failure to obtain routine medical care may be a risk factor for failure to obtain dental care. Any income below 400 percent of the federal poverty guidelines appears to be a barrier to receiving dental care for CSHCN. Practice Implications: Providers of routine medical care may play an important role in linking CSHCN to dental care. Investigators need to examine other barriers to dental care for CSHCN. Strategies to optimize access to dental care for CSHCN at all income levels are needed. C1 [Kane, Debra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mosca, Nicholas; Zotti, Marianne] Mississippi Dept Hlth, Off Oral Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. [Zotti, Marianne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwalberg, Renee] Maternal & Child Hlth Informat Resource Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kane, D (reprint author), Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family Hlth, 321 E 12th St,5th Floor, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. EM dkane@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 3 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 273KQ UT WOS:000253929500042 PM 18310737 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, J Caufield, PW Crall, JJ Donly, K Feigal, R Gooch, B Ismail, A Kohn, W Siegal, M Simonsen, R AF Beauchamp, Jean Caufield, Page W. Crall, James J. Donly, Kevin Feigal, Robert Gooch, Barbara Ismail, Amid Kohn, William Siegal, Mark Simonsen, Richard TI Executive summary of evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants - A report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Beauchamp, Jean] Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Chicago, IL USA. [Caufield, Page W.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Cariol & Comprehens Care, New York, NY USA. [Crall, James J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sect Pediat Dent, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Donly, Kevin] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat Dent, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Feigal, Robert] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gooch, Barbara; Kohn, William] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ismail, Amid] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Siegal, Mark] Ohio Dept Hlth, Bur Oral Hlth Serv, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Simonsen, Richard] Midwestern Univ, Coll Dent Med, Glendale, AR USA. RP Beauchamp, J (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 3 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 273KQ UT WOS:000253929500047 ER PT J AU Duprey, Z Rivers, S Luber, G Becker, A Blackmore, C Barr, D Weerasekera, G Kieszak, S Flanders, WD Rubin, C AF Duprey, Zandra Rivers, Samantha Luber, George Becker, Alan Blackmore, Carina Barr, Dana Weerasekera, Gayanga Kieszak, Stephanie Flanders, W. Dana Rubin, Carol TI Community aerial mosquito control and naled exposure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito control; naled; exposure assessment; pesticide; ULV application ID PESTICIDES; METABOLITES AB In October 2004, the Florida Department of Health (FLDOH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assessed human exposure to ultra-low volume (ULV) aerial application of naled. Teams administered activity questionnaires regarding pesticide exposure and obtained baseline urine samples to quantify prespray naled metabolite levels. Following the spray event, participants were asked to collect postspray urine specimens within 12 h of the spray event and at 8-h intervals for up to 40 h. Upon completion, a postspray activity questionnaire was administered to study participants. Two hundred five (87%) participants completed the study. The urine analysis showed that although 67% of prespray urine samples had detectable levels of a naled metabolite, the majority of postspray samples were below the limit of detection (< LOD). Only at the '' postspray 6 '' time period, which corresponds to a time greater than 5 half-lives (> 40 h) following exposure, the number of samples with detectable levels exceeded 50%. There was a significant decrease in naled metabolites from prespray to postspray (=.02), perhaps associated with a significant reduction (<= 50.05) in some participants that may have resulted in pesticide exposure by means other than the mosquito control operations. These data suggest that aerial spraying of naled does not result in increased levels of naled in humans, provided the naled is used according to label instructions. C1 [Duprey, Zandra; Luber, George; Kieszak, Stephanie; Rubin, Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch,Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rivers, Samantha; Becker, Alan; Blackmore, Carina] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32599 USA. [Barr, Dana; Weerasekera, Gayanga] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch,Agcy Tox Subst & Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Luber, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch,Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.2987/5559.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 280FH UT WOS:000254410300008 PM 18437813 ER PT J AU Nyadong, L Late, S Green, MD Banga, A Fernandez, FM AF Nyadong, Leonard Late, Sameer Green, Michael D. Banga, Ajay Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Direct quantitation of active ingredients in solid artesunate antimalarials by noncovalent complex forming reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ION-SOURCE; PROTEOMICS; TABLETS; DRUGS AB The direct quantitation of active ingredients in solid pharmaceutical tablets by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS) is complicated by the dependence of the DESI signal on variables such as spray angles and distances, morphological sample properties, and the difficulty of properly incorporating an internal standard. Here, a DESI MS method for the direct quantitative screening of widely counterfeited antimalarial tablets containing artesunate is presented. This method is based on reactive DESI, where analyte desorption and ionization occur by the formation of noncovalent complexes between alkylamine molecules in the DESI spray solution and artesunate molecules exposed on the sample surface in the open air. For quantitation purposes, the internal standard d(4)-artesunic acid was synthesized by esterification of d(4)-succinic anhydride and dihydroartemisinin, and homogeneously dispersed on the tablet surface via a controlled deposition procedure. The analyte-to-internal standard signal intensity ratio was observed to be largely independent of all DESI variables, only showing dependence on tablet hardness. Analysis of artesunate tablet standards prepared with known amounts of the active ingredient in the 0.02 to 0.32 mg artesunate mg(-1) tablet range resulted in a calibration curve with good linearity (r = 0.9985). Application of this method to the direct quantitation of genuine artesunate tablets from Vietnam showed a 6% (n = 4) precision and 94% accuracy after the spectral data were corrected for tablet hardness. C1 [Nyadong, Leonard; Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Late, Sameer; Banga, Ajay] Mercer Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 901 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU Wellcome Trust NR 22 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.016 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 278EI UT WOS:000254266400008 PM 18187340 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JW Stone, DJ King, LJ AF Lloyd, James W. Stone, Daniel J. King, Lonnie J. TI Developing veterinary colleges and leaders: A whole-system approach SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE leadership development; strategic management; strategic planning; balanced scorecard AB The current environment in higher education calls for increasingly progressive leadership and management. This report describes the efforts of the College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) at Michigan State University (MSU) to strengthen its leadership using a whole-system approach. Developing a leadership culture is the responsibility of leaders, and the pursuit of such a culture requires considerable and justifiable investment of time, energy, and resources. The volatile and changing environment in which colleges of veterinary medicine exist makes creating such a culture imperative if society's needs are to be successfully met. Noteworthy cultural change has occurred within the MSU CVM because of the efforts described here. C1 [Lloyd, James W.; King, Lonnie J.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stone, Daniel J.] AmericaSpeaks, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [King, Lonnie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lloyd, JW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, A-100 VMC, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lloydj@cvm.msu.edu; whole.system@verizon.net; ljk8@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.3138/jvme.35.1.138 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 295RL UT WOS:000255491500022 PM 18339968 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Bruden, D McMahon, BJ Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Deubner, H Williams, J Livingston, SE Gretch, D AF Bruce, M. G. Bruden, D. McMahon, B. J. Christensen, C. Homan, C. Sullivan, D. Deubner, H. Williams, J. Livingston, S. E. Gretch, D. TI Clinical significance of elevated alpha-fetoprotein in Alaskan Native patients with chronic hepatitis C SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE alpha-fetoprotein; end-stage liver disease; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatitis C; sensitivity; specificity ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; AFP; TESTS AB The clinical significance of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well defined. We analysed data from a population-based cohort of patients with HCV infection to assess the prevalence of elevated serum AFP, to determine its association with clinical and virologic parameters and with clinical outcomes. We defined a slightly elevated serum AFP level as 8 to <15 and a high-AFP level as >= 15 mu g/L. Among 541 HCV-RNA-positive persons, 61 (11%) had a slightly elevated or high AFP at the time of consent. AFP >= 8 mu g/L was associated with the older age, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio >1, and higher alkaline phosphatase levels, but not with heavy alcohol use, IV drug use, genotype, viral load or duration of HCV infection. Among 192 persons with an AFP at liver biopsy, 17% had an AFP >= 8 mu g/L. The sensitivity/specificity of an AFP level >= 8 in detecting Ishak 3-6 fibrosis was 39%/95%. Among, 372 persons with a minimum of four AFP measurements over 6 years, 5% had persistently elevated AFP >8 mu g/L, 19% had both elevated and normal AFP measurements, and 76% had persistently normal AFP. Elevated AFP at consent was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and end-stage liver disease. Over 6 years of follow-up, persistently elevated AFP was associated with the development of HCC; no person with AFP persistently <8 mu g/mL, developed HCC. Serial AFP measurements appear to be useful in identifying persons with advanced fibrosis and help to determine who needs periodic screening with liver ultra-sound to detect HCC. C1 [Bruce, M. G.; Bruden, D.; McMahon, B. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness, Detect & Control Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McMahon, B. J.; Christensen, C.; Homan, C.; Williams, J.; Livingston, S. E.] Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Sullivan, D.; Deubner, H.; Gretch, D.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness, Detect & Control Infect Dis, Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [A48214] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00928.x PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266RW UT WOS:000253455700004 PM 18233991 ER PT J AU Bird, BH Albarino, CG Hartman, AL Erickson, BR Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Bird, Brian H. Albarino, Cesar G. Hartman, Amy L. Erickson, Bobbie Rae Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Rift valley fever virus lacking the NSs and NSm genes is highly attenuated, confers protective immunity from virulent virus challenge, and allows for differential identification of infected and vaccinated animals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERIAL PASSAGE; SANDFLY FEVER; SAUDI-ARABIA; PROTEINS; STRAINS; TRANSCRIPTION; MUTATIONS; KENYA; DETERMINANTS; REPLICATION AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is a mosquito-borne human and veterinary pathogen associated with large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and more recently the Arabian peninsula. Infection of livestock can result in sweeping "abortion storms" and high mortality among young animals. Human infection results in self-limiting febrile disease that in similar to 1 to 2% of patients progresses to more serious complications including hepatitis, encephalitis, and retinitis or a hemorrhagic syndrome with high fatality. The virus S segment-encoded NSs and the M segment-encoded NSm proteins are important virulence factors. The development of safe, effective vaccines and tools to screen and evaluate antiviral compounds is critical for future control strategies. Here, we report the successful reverse genetics generation of multiple recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged RVF viruses containing either the full-length, complete virus genome or precise deletions of the NSs gene alone or the NSs/NSm genes in combination, thus creating attenuating deletions on multiple virus genome segments. These viruses were highly attenuated, with no detectable viremia or clinical illness observed with high challenge dosages (1.0 X 10(4) PFU) in the rat lethal disease model. A single-dose immunization regimen induced robust anti-RVF virus immunoglobulin G antibodies (titer, similar to 1:6,400) by day 26 postvaccination. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with a high dose of virulent RVF virus survived infection and could be serologically differentiated from naive, experimentally infected animals by the lack of NSs antibodies. These rationally designed marker RVF vaccine viruses will be useful tools for in vitro screening of therapeutic compounds and will provide a basis for further development of RVF virus marker vaccines for use in endemic regions or following the natural or intentional introduction of the virus into previously unaffected areas. C1 [Bird, Brian H.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Hartman, Amy L.; Erickson, Bobbie Rae; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Bird, Brian H.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 61 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2681 EP 2691 DI 10.1128/JVI.02501-07 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 270AB UT WOS:000253691000009 PM 18199647 ER PT J AU Hartman, AL Bird, BH Towner, JS Antoniadou, ZA Zaki, SR Nichol, ST AF Hartman, Amy L. Bird, Brian H. Towner, Jonathan S. Antoniadou, Zoi-Anna Zaki, Sherif R. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Inhibition of IRF-3 activation by VP35 is critical for the high level of virulence of ebola virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ZAIRE EBOLAVIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; MOUSE MODEL; INFECTION; TRANSCRIPTION; REPLICATION AB Zaire ebolavirus causes a rapidly progressing hemorrhagic disease with high mortality. Identification of the viral virulence factors that contribute to the severity of disease induced by Ebola virus is critical for the design of therapeutics and vaccines against the disease. Given the rapidity of disease progression, virus interaction with the innate immune system early in the course of infection likely plays an important role in determining the outcome of the disease. The Ebola virus VP35 protein inhibits the activation of IRF-3, a critical transcription factor for the induction of early antiviral immunity. Previous studies revealed that a single amino acid change (R312A) in VP35 renders the protein unable to inhibit IRF-3 activation. A reverse-genetics-generated, mouse-adapted, recombinant Ebola virus that encodes the R312A mutation in VP35 was produced. We found that relative to the case for wild-type virus containing the authentic VP35 sequence, this single amino acid change in VP35 renders the virus completely attenuated in mice. Given that these viruses differ by only a single amino acid in the IRF-3 inhibitory domain of VP35, the level of alteration of virulence is remarkable and highlights the importance of VP35 for the pathogenesis of Ebola virus. C1 [Hartman, Amy L.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Antoniadou, Zoi-Anna; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Bird, Brian H.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov OI Hartman, Amy/0000-0002-0857-2973 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2699 EP 2704 DI 10.1128/JVI.02344-07 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 270AB UT WOS:000253691000011 PM 18199658 ER PT J AU Nilsson, EC Jamshidi, F Johansson, SMC Oberste, MS Arnberg, N AF Nilsson, Emma C. Jamshidi, Fariba Johansson, Susanne M. C. Oberste, M. Steven Arnberg, Niklas TI Sialic acid is a cellular receptor for coxsackievirus A24 variant, an emerging virus with pandemic potential SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; DECAY-ACCELERATING FACTOR; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; AVIAN-INFLUENZA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECENT EPIDEMIC; DISEASE VIRUS; FACTOR CD55 AB Binding to target cell receptors is a critical step in the virus life cycle. Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) has pandemic potential and is a major cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, but its cellular receptor has hitherto been unknown. Here we show that CVA24v fails to bind to and infect CHO cells defective in sialic acid expression. Binding of CVA24v to and infection of corneal epithelial cells are efficiently inhibited by treating cells with a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme or sialic acid-binding lectins and by treatment of the virus with soluble, multivalent sialic acid. Protease treatment of cells efficiently inhibited virus binding, suggesting that the receptor is a sialylated glycoprotein. Like enterovirus type 70 and influenza A virus, CVA24v can cause pandemics. Remarkably, all three viruses use the same receptor. Since several unrelated viruses with tropism for the eye use this receptor, sialic acid-based antiviral drugs that prevent virus entry may be useful for topical treatment of such infections. C1 [Nilsson, Emma C.; Jamshidi, Fariba; Arnberg, Niklas] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Div Virol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. [Johansson, Susanne M. C.] Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arnberg, N (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Div Virol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. EM niklas.amberg@clilmi.umc.se RI Arnberg, Niklas/G-2663-2012 NR 69 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 6 BP 3061 EP 3068 DI 10.1128/JVI.02470-07 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 270AB UT WOS:000253691000044 PM 18184708 ER PT J AU Lantagne, DS Blount, BC Cardinali, F Quick, R AF Lantagne, D. S. Blount, B. C. Cardinali, F. Quick, R. TI Disinfection by-product formation and mitigation strategies in point-of-use chlorination of turbid and non-turbid waters in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE developing countries; disinfection by-products; drinking water; household water treatment; point-of-use chlorination; Safe Water System ID DRINKING-WATER; SAFE STORAGE; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; QUALITY; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; HOME AB Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrheal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 2.2 million deaths per year The Safe Water System. (SWS) is a proven household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrheal disease incidence in users in developing countries. Because the SWS recommends the addition of sodium hypochlorite to unfiltered water sources, concerns have been raised about the potential long-term health effects of disinfection by-products to SWS users. This study investigated the production of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water treated with sodium hypochlorite from six sources used for drinking water in western Kenya. The turbidity values of these sources ranged from 4.23 NTU to 305 NTU. THM concentrations were analysed at 1, 8, and 24 hours after addition of sodium hypochlorite. No sample exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values for any of the four THMS: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, or bromoform. In addition, no sample exceeded the WHO additive total THM guideline value. These results clearly show that point-of-use chlorination of a variety of realistic source waters used for drinking did not lead to THM concentrations that pose a significant health risk to SWS users. C1 [Lantagne, D. S.; Quick, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blount, B. C.; Cardinali, F.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lantagne, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, M-S A-38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlantagne@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.013 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 261AB UT WOS:000253050400006 PM 17998608 ER PT J AU Wilson, KM Fridinger, F AF Wilson, Katherine M. Fridinger, Fred CA Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevention Hl TI Focusing on public health: A different look at translating research to practice SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES; HISPANIC WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; PROMOTION; DISSEMINATION; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; BREAST AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is committed to achieving true improvements in people's health. In chronic disease prevention and health promotion, we have a good deal of evidence about which intervention strategies work in clinics and in communities to improve health, but we need to accelerate translating that evidence into practice. This paper provides an overview of initial efforts of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) within the CDC to identify and organize the fundamental elements of translation, with the goal of understanding what our constituents need for success and to identify key issues to consider in translation. C1 [Wilson, Katherine M.] CDC, Epidemiol & Applied Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fridinger, Fred] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun & Marketing, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, KM (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Applied Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kxw1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0699 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 284VM UT WOS:000254734700001 PM 18321168 ER PT J AU Lu, JJY Jiang, DDS Chou, SM Hor, CB Lay, JD Wang, HL AF Lu, John Jenn-Yenn Jiang, Donald Dah-Shyong Chou, Shieu-Ming Hor, Chang-Bor Lay, Jong-Ding Wang, Hsiang-Ling TI Prevalence of obesity and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescent girls from a college in Central Taiwan SO KAOHSIUNG JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adolescent; cardiovascular disease; female; obesity; overweight ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; HEART-DISEASE; US CHILDREN; URIC-ACID; FOLLOW-UP; OVERWEIGHT; HYPERTENSION AB Although obesity is associated with important hemodynamic disturbances, little data exists on population-wide cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescent girls in Taiwan. This study measured the prevalence of overweight/obesity and related cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescent females. This was a school-based survey of a representative sample of 291 females aged 15 and 18 years in a public college in Central Taiwan. The :main measures were height, body weight, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Obese (body mass index [BMI] >= 25.3) and overweight (22.7 <= BMI <= 25.2) individuals were combined and labeled as overweight (BMI >= 22.7) to make communication of results clearer. Data gleaned from freshmen's health examinations were analyzed. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >= 25.3) was 9.28% and of overweight (BMI >= 22.7) was 21.31%. Being overweight was associated with higher SBP, DBP, uric acid and TG, and lower levels of HDL-C, but was not associated with cholesterol. The 15-year-old group showed higher mean levels of uric acid, total cholesterol, TG and HDL-C than the 18-year-old group (p < 0.05). All told, 3.1%, 15.12% and 2.1% of the girls showed abnormally elevated levels of uric acid, cholesterol and TG, respectively. In addition, 5.84% had abnormally lower HDL-C levels, indicating that interventions should focus on reducing obesity and encouraging proper dietary habits and sufficient exercise, especially in subjects with lower HDL-C levels and higher levels of cholesterol, TG and uric acid. C1 [Lu, John Jenn-Yenn; Chou, Shieu-Ming; Lay, Jong-Ding; Wang, Hsiang-Ling] Taipei Med Univ, Natl Taichung Nursing Coll, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lu, John Jenn-Yenn] Taipei Med Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan. [Jiang, Donald Dah-Shyong] Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth Execut Yuan, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hor, Chang-Bor] Taichung Hosp, Dept Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Lu, JJY (reprint author), Natl Taichung Nursing Coll, 193 Sect 1,San Min Rd, Taichung 403, Taiwan. EM johnlu@ntcnc.edu.tw NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER TAIWAN PI TAIPEI PA RM N-412, 4F, CHIA HSIN BUILDING 11, NO 96, ZHONG SHAN N ROAD SEC 2, TAIPEI, 10449, TAIWAN SN 1607-551X J9 KAOHSIUNG J MED SCI JI Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S1607-551X(08)70142-6 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 318BH UT WOS:000257065500005 PM 18364275 ER PT J AU von Gottberg, A Klugman, KP Cohen, C Wolter, N de Gouveia, L du Plessis, M Mpembe, R Quan, V Whitelaw, A Hoffmann, R Govender, N Meiring, S Smith, AM Schrag, S AF von Gottberg, Anne Klugman, Keith P. Cohen, Cheryl Wolter, Nicole de Gouveia, Linda du Plessis, Mignon Mpembe, Ruth Quan, Vanessa Whitelaw, Andrew Hoffmann, Rena Govender, Nelesh Meiring, Susan Smith, Anthony M. Schrag, Stephanie CA GERMS SA TI Emergence of levofloxacin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae and treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children in South Africa: a cohort observational surveillance study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TERM-CARE FACILITY; FLUOROQUINOLONE-RESISTANT; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY AB Background Use of fluoroquinolones to treat paediatric cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could affect the emergence of resistance to this class of drugs. Our aim was to estimate the incidence of, and risk factors for, invasive pneumococcal disease caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in South Africa. Methods 21521 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were identified by active national surveillance between 2000 and 2006, with enhanced surveillance at 15 sentinel hospitals in seven provinces introduced in 2003. We screened 19 404 isolates (90% of cases) for ofloxacin resistance and measured levofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all isolates that were ofloxacin resistant. Non-susceptibility to levofloxacin was defined as an MIC of 4 mg/L or more. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage was assessed in 65 children in two tuberculosis hospitals where invasive pneumococcal disease caused by levofloxacin-non-susceptible S pneumoniae had been detected. Findings 12 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were identified as being non-susceptible to levofloxacin, an in children aged under 15 years. All isolates were rifampicin resistant. Outcome was known for 11 of these patients; five (45%) died. Invasive disease caused by levofloxacin-non-susceptible S pneumoniae was associated with a history of tuberculosis treatment (eight [89%] of nine children with non-susceptible isolates had a history of treatment vs 396 [18%] of 2202 children with susceptible isolates; relative risk [RR] 35 . 78, 95% Cl 4.49-285.30) and nosocomial invasive pneumococcal disease (eight [80%] of ten children with non-susceptible isolates had acquired infection nosocomially vs 109 [4%] of 2709 with susceptible isolates; RR 88.96, 19.10-414.29). 31 (89%) of 35 pneumococcal carriers had bacteria that were non-susceptible to levofloxacin. Interpretation Our data suggest that the use of fluoroquinolones to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children has led to the emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by levofloxacin-non-susceptible S pneumoniae and its nosocomial spread. Funding National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (South Africa), US Agency for International Development Antimicrobial Resistance Initiative, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 [von Gottberg, Anne; Klugman, Keith P.; Cohen, Cheryl; Wolter, Nicole; de Gouveia, Linda; du Plessis, Mignon; Mpembe, Ruth; Quan, Vanessa; Govender, Nelesh; Meiring, Susan; Smith, Anthony M.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [von Gottberg, Anne; Klugman, Keith P.; Wolter, Nicole; du Plessis, Mignon; Govender, Nelesh; Smith, Anthony M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [von Gottberg, Anne; Klugman, Keith P.; Wolter, Nicole; de Gouveia, Linda; du Plessis, Mignon; Mpembe, Ruth] MRC, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Klugman, Keith P.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Klugman, Keith P.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Whitelaw, Andrew; Hoffmann, Rena] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Cape Town, South Africa. [Whitelaw, Andrew] Univ Cape Town, Dept Clin & Lab Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hoffmann, Rena] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Med Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Schrag, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP von Gottberg, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. EM annev@nicd.ac.za FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU022088, U62/CCU022901] NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9618 BP 1108 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60350-5 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 280RA UT WOS:000254442700029 PM 18359074 ER PT J AU Barrera, R Amador, M Diaz, A Smith, J Munoz-Jordan, JL Rosario, Y AF Barrera, R. Amador, M. Diaz, A. Smith, J. Munoz-Jordan, J. L. Rosario, Y. TI Unusual productivity of Aedes aegypti in septic tanks and its implications for dengue control SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Culex quinquefasciatus; aquatic habitats; dengue ecology; mosquito control ID CENTRAL NIGERIA; PUERTO-RICO; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS AB Increased DEN-2 virus transmission in Puerto Rico during 2005 prompted the implementation of a rapid intervention programme to suppress Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) emergence, which in turn lead to the discovery of previously unknown breeding sites underground. Initially, the following control measures were applied in Playa/Playita (PP), a town of 1,400 households, to all areas where the number of pupae per person exceeded the expected threshold for dengue transmission; all containers likely to be aquatic habitats were turned over and containers too large to turn were treated with 1 p.p.m. methoprene. The impact of these interventions was evaluated by comparing the number of resting adult mosquitoes (by backpack aspiration and sweepnetting in bedrooms) pre-intervention, with numbers at 3 and 5 weeks post-intervention, and by evaluating pupal density at 4 weeks post-intervention in PP and in a nearby town, Coqui (CO; 1500 households), which was not treated. The pre-intervention and post-intervention densities of resting Ae. aegypti adults were significantly larger in the intervention town, although the density of pupae in surface containers was low and similar in both towns at 4 weeks post-intervention. At 3 weeks post-intervention, the density of resting adults decreased by only 18% of pre-intervention levels, but returned to pre-intervention levels 5 weeks after treatment. By contrast, the density of resting adults in CO steadily decreased to 48% and 61%, at 3 and 5 weeks after the initial surveys, respectively. Geographical Information Systems identified significant clustering of adult mosquitoes, which led to the discovery of underground aquatic habitats (septic tanks) that were producing large numbers of Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) in the treated town. We calculated that septic tanks could produce > 18000 Ae. aegypti and similar to 170000 Cx quinquefasciatus adults per day. Septic tanks are likely to be common and widespread in suburban and rural Puerto Rico, where, apparently, they can contribute significantly to the maintenance of island-wide dengue virus endemicity. C1 [Barrera, R.; Amador, M.; Diaz, A.; Smith, J.; Munoz-Jordan, J. L.; Rosario, Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM rbarrera@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00720.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 282JN UT WOS:000254563900008 PM 18380655 ER PT J AU Williamson, YM Gowrisankar, R Longo, DL Facklam, R Gipson, IK Ades, EP Carlone, GM Sampson, JS AF Williamson, Yulanda M. Gowrisankar, Rajam Longo, Dana L. Facklam, Richard Gipson, Ilene K. Ades, Edwin P. Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. TI Adherence of nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae to human conjunctival epithelial cells SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; Nontypeable; Conjunctivitis; Mucin; Neuraminidase ID SIALIC-ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM; MEDIATED ADHERENCE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; EPISIALIN MUC1; OCULAR SURFACE; NEURAMINIDASE; MUCINS; CORNEAL AB Conjunctivitis outbreaks have occurred in the US in which nontypeable (NT) Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) strains have been identified as the etiologic agent; however, the pathogenesis of Pnc conjunctivitis has not been extensively evaluated. Here we assessed the adhesive and invasive properties of 13 NT US conjunctivitis outbreak strains (cPnc) using an immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell (HQjE) line expressing high or low levels of mucin as a surrogate for in vivo ocular surface events. Studies reveal differential binding efficiencies (up to 18-fold) among cPnc strains to HQjE cells and reduced or little adherence efficiency to high mucin-expressing (HME-HCjE). Additionally, in the presence of exogenous mucin there is considerable inhibition (20% to similar to 100%) of bacterial binding to the HQjE cells. Invasion assays suggest that the cPnc are internalized in HCjE, and less in HME-HCjE cells. Microarray analysis of cPnc isolates revealed an up-regulation of Pnc neuraminidases, and treatment of HME-HCjE cells with exogenous neuraminidase resulted in a 2-13-fold enhancement in cPnc binding. The results indicate that mucin acts as a protective barrier in vitro and that neuraminidases, which can degrade mucin, may be contributing factors leading to bacterial adherence, a first step in the pathogenesis of this transmissible infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williamson, Yulanda M.; Gowrisankar, Rajam; Longo, Dana L.; Facklam, Richard; Ades, Edwin P.; Carlone, George M.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gipson, Ilene K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Schepens Eye Inst, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Sampson, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 18,B-133,MS-G5, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JSampson@cdc.gov FU Association of Public Health Laboratories; National Center for Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported in part by an Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Fellowship sponsored by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the National Center for Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We kindly thank The Institute for Genome Research and the Yerkes Microarray Facility at Emory University for providing the microarray slides and Genespring software, respectively. Lastly, we thank Dr. Maria de Gloria Carvalho and Ms. Karen A. McCaustland for their technical insight and support. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.08.016 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 396KP UT WOS:000262590900001 PM 17936571 ER PT J AU Rajam, G Phillips, DJ White, E Anderton, J Hooper, CW Sampson, JS Carlone, GM Ades, EW Romero-Steiner, S AF Rajam, Gowrisankar Phillips, Donald J. White, Elizabeth Anderton, Julie Hooper, Craig W. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Carlone, George M. Ades, Edwin W. Romero-Steiner, Sandra TI A functional epitope of the pneumococcal surface adhesin A activates nasopharyngeal cells and increases bacterial internalization SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; PsaA; Putative binding domains; Peptides; Pneumococcal adherence and invasion; Cellular activation ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR HPIGR; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BINDING-PROTEIN; E-CADHERIN; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; INTRASTRAIN VARIATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; DOWN-REGULATION; AMINO-ACIDS AB Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a putative pneumococcal (Pnc) adhesin known to bind to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelial cells. This study evaluated the effect of peptides within a functional domain of PsaA on NP cells. Detroit 562 NP cells were treated with synthetic peptides derived from PsaA (P4, P6, and P7, 28, 12, and 16 amino acids, respectively). The P4 peptide also binds to NP cells. Analysis of P4-treated NP cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed major cytological changes. Of 9 cytokines analyzed, a 6-fold increase in FGFb secretion at 3 and 6 h (11-fold at 12h) was found post-P4 treatment of NP cells. There was a simultaneous reduction in the secreted levels of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF. We observed enhancement in the adherence of Pnc strains to P4-treated NP cells (2-38-fold increase). Enhancement in adherence (2-fold increase) to P4-treated NP cells was also recorded with other streptococcal species (Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Internalization experiments demonstrated that 45% of the adherent bacteria were actually internalized after pretreatment with P4 peptide as compared to controls. Peptide fragments of P4, P6 and P7 did not activate NP cells to the extent of P4 peptide. The P4-mediated enhancement of Pnc adherence was blocked (100%) by anti-P4 antibodies, confirming the specificity of the P4 sequence for NP cell activation. Our data suggests that this functional domain of PsaA contained within the P4 sequence binds and activates NP cells to facilitate Pnc invasion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rajam, Gowrisankar; Phillips, Donald J.; White, Elizabeth; Anderton, Julie; Hooper, Craig W.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.; Carlone, George M.; Ades, Edwin W.; Romero-Steiner, Sandra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Sect, Bldg 18,Room B-105,MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSteiner@cdc.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.09.003 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 396KP UT WOS:000262590900002 PM 17997274 ER PT J AU Kalman, L AF Kalman, L. TI The genetic testing reference materials coordination program (GeT-RM)-a sustainable community process to improve availability of appropriate reference materials for genetic testing. SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD 2008) CY MAR 02-05, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Soc Inherited Metabol Disorders C1 [Kalman, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 MA 51 BP 253 EP 254 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 268TU UT WOS:000253603300071 ER PT J AU Kalman, L Barshop, BA Blitzer, M Cowan, T Greene, C AF Kalman, L. Barshop, B. A. Blitzer, M. Cowan, T. Greene, C. TI Reference material needs assessment for biochemical genetic testing. SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD 2008) CY MAR 02-05, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Soc Inherited Metabol Disorders C1 [Kalman, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barshop, B. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Blitzer, M.; Greene, C.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cowan, T.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 MA 50 BP 253 EP 253 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 268TU UT WOS:000253603300070 ER PT J AU Powell, KK Van Naarden Braun, K Singh, RH Olney, RS Shapira, SK Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Powell, K. K. Van Naarden Braun, K. Singh, R. H. Olney, R. S. Shapira, S. K. Yeargin-Allsopp, M. TI Long-term developmental outcomes in duarte galactosemia. SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD 2008) CY MAR 02-05, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Soc Inherited Metabol Disorders C1 [Powell, K. K.; Van Naarden Braun, K.; Yeargin-Allsopp, M.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabilities Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singh, R. H.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Olney, R. S.; Shapira, S. K.] CDC, Pediat Genet Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 MA 76 BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 268TU UT WOS:000253603300096 ER PT J AU Howard, J AF Howard, John TI The 9/11 World Trade Center disaster: Past and future SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Howard, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. [Howard, John] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, World Trade Ctr Hlth Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 65 EP 66 DI 10.1002/msj.20037 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 322GX UT WOS:000257364300002 PM 18500707 ER PT J AU Lok, SM Kostyuchenko, V Nybakken, GE Holdaway, HA Battisti, AJ Sukupolvi-Petty, S Sedlak, D Fremont, DH Chipman, PR Roehrig, JT Diamond, MS Kuhn, RJ Rossmann, MG AF Lok, Shee-Mei Kostyuchenko, Victor Nybakken, Grant E. Holdaway, Heather A. Battisti, Anthony J. Sukupolvi-Petty, Soila Sedlak, Dagmar Fremont, Daved H. Chipman, Paul R. Roehrig, John T. Diamond, Michael S. Kuhn, Richard J. Rossmann, Michael G. TI Binding of a neutralizing antibody to dengue virus alters the arrangement of surface glycoproteins SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TYPE-2 ENVELOPE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DOMAIN-III; DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE-FUSION; INFECTION; EPITOPE AB The monoclonal antibody 1A1D-2 has been shown to strongly neutralize dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3, primarily by inhibiting attachment to host cells. A crystal structure of its antigen binding fragment (Fab) complexed with domain III of the viral envelope glycoprotein, E, showed that the epitope would be partially occluded in the known structure of the mature dengue virus. Nevertheless, antibody could bind to the virus at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the virus is in dynamic motion making hidden epitopes briefly available. A cryo-electron microscope image reconstruction of the virus: Fab complex showed large changes in the organization of the E protein that exposed the epitopes on two of the three E molecules in each of the 60 icosahedral asymmetric units of the virus. The changes in the structure of the viral surface are presumably responsible for inhibiting attachment to cells. C1 [Lok, Shee-Mei; Kostyuchenko, Victor; Holdaway, Heather A.; Battisti, Anthony J.; Sedlak, Dagmar; Chipman, Paul R.; Kuhn, Richard J.; Rossmann, Michael G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nybakken, Grant E.; Fremont, Daved H.; Diamond, Michael S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Sukupolvi-Petty, Soila; Diamond, Michael S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Diamond, Michael S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Rossmann, MG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mr@purdue.edu RI Lok, Shee-mei/I-7050-2012; OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CO-1020]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI055672, U54 AI057153]; NIGMS NIH HHS [Y1-GM-1104]; PHS HHS [V54 A1057160] NR 46 TC 189 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1382 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 271UY UT WOS:000253815400016 PM 18264114 ER PT J AU Pena-Rosas, JP Parvanta, I van der Haar, F Chapel, TJ AF Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo Parvanta, Ibrahim van der Haar, Frits Chapel, Thomas J. TI Monitoring and evaluation in flour fortification programs: design and implementation considerations SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE evaluation; flour fortification; monitoring; sentinel monitoring ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; WHEAT-FLOUR; HEALTH; CHILE; IRON AB Designing and implementing effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an integral element of wheat flour fortification programs. This review provides practical guidance for designing a M&E system for a flour fortification program. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health has been adapted to identify key issues in the development of an integrated M&E system. A clear understanding of 1) the stakeholders in flour fortification and their needs, 2) the description and context of the fortification program, 3) the country's wheat flour and flour products market, and 4) the resources available for the M&E component are critical and should be considered early in a program's design. C1 [Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Malnutr Prevent & Control Program, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Parvanta, Ibrahim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Infants & Toddlers Goal Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [van der Haar, Frits] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Chapel, Thomas J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pena-Rosas, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Malnutr Prevent & Control Program, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jpenarosas@cdc.gov OI Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-6737-9831 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3 BP 148 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00019.x PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 264AS UT WOS:000253258200004 PM 18289179 ER PT J AU Harrison, LH Kreiner, CJ Shutt, KA Messonnier, NE O'Leary, M Stefonek, KR Lin, H Lynfield, R Barrett, NL Arnold, KE Jones, TF Montero, JT AF Harrison, Lee H. Kreiner, Carolyn J. Shutt, Kathleen A. Messonnier, Nancy E. O'Leary, Mary Stefonek, Karen R. Lin, Huai Lynfield, Ruth Barrett, Nancy L. Arnold, Kathryn E. Jones, Timothy F. Montero, Jose T. CA Meningococcal High Sch Study Grp TI Risk factors for meningococcal disease in students in grades 9-12 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE Neisseria meningitides; meningococcus; risk factors; high school students; multilocus sequence typing; outer membrane proteins; feta; porA; porB; fHBP ID CAMPUS BAR PATRONAGE; UNITED-STATES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; SEROGROUP-B; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; VACCINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION AB Background: Meningococcal disease is a serious problem in adolescents, including high school students. Universal immunization of adolescents with meningococcal conjugate vaccine was recently recommended. We studied risk factors for meningococcal disease in students in grades 9-12. Methods: This was a matched case-control study using surveillance for meningococcal disease in students in grades 9-12 in sites throughout the United States. For each case-patient, up to 4 controls were selected from the home room classroom. All subjects answered an extensive questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with meningococcal disease. Meningococcal isolates were characterized. Results: Of 69 eligible patients, 49 (71%) were enrolled and had at least I control. Isolates were available for 59 (86%) cases. Attending at least 1 barbeque or picnic [matched odds ratio (MOR): 0.26, P value = 0.003] or school dance (MOR: 0.30, P = 0.04) were independently associated with decreased risk of meningococcal disease. Male gender (MOR: 2.94, P = 0.009), upper respiratory infection symptoms (MOR: 2.43, P = 0.04), marijuana use (MOR: 4.21, P = 0.009), and nightclub/disco attendance (MOR: 3.30, P = 0.04) were associated with increased risk. Among 54 students not from Oregon (where serogroup B strains predominate) with available serogroup, 38 (73.1%) cases were potentially vaccine preventable: 18 (34.6%) serogroup C, 19 (36.5%) scrogroup Y, and 1 (1.9%) serogroup W-135. Conclusions: Certain behaviors increase the risk of meningococcal infection, whereas others are associated with decreased risk. Most meningococcal disease in high school students can be prevented if recommendations on use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine are implemented. C1 [Harrison, Lee H.; Kreiner, Carolyn J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Harrison, Lee H.; Shutt, Kathleen A.; O'Leary, Mary] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Harrison, Lee H.; Shutt, Kathleen A.; O'Leary, Mary] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Messonnier, Nancy E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stefonek, Karen R.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Lin, Huai] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Houston, TX USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Contrl Div, St Paul, MN USA. [Barrett, Nancy L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Arnold, Kathryn E.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN USA. [Montero, Jose T.] New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24 AI52788] NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31815c1b3a PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 269PN UT WOS:000253661500001 PM 18277925 ER PT J AU Cortese, MM Baughman, AL Zhang, R Srivastava, PU Wallace, GS AF Cortese, Margaret M. Baughman, Andrew L. Zhang, Rongping Srivastava, Pamela U. Wallace, Gregory S. TI Pertussis hospitalizations among infants in the United States, 1993 to 2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pertussis; whooping cough; infants; immunization; hospitalization; surveillance ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVENTING TETANUS; VACCINE; RECOMMENDATIONS; DIPHTHERIA AB OBJECTIVE. We sought to describe the rates of pertussis hospitalization among infants by using databases that do not rely on passive reporting and compare with results obtained from the passive national surveillance system. METHODS. The incidence of infant pertussis hospitalization in 1993 to 2004 was determined by using 2 national hospitalization discharge databases (Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database) and the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System/Supplemental Pertussis Surveillance System. Rates were determined for separate age groups among infants < 1 year of age. Pertussis complications and procedures were examined by using the Kids' Inpatient Database. RESULTS. In 1993 to 2004, the pertussis hospitalization rates for infants <= 2 months of age were generally stable, by the discharge databases. The incidence of infant pertussis hospitalization obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database was similar to 2 times greater than that obtained from the passive reporting system. Infants 1 to 2 months of age had the highest incidence ( 239 hospitalizations per 100 000 live births in the 2003 Kids' Inpatient Database). An annual average of 2678 hospitalizations occurred in 2000 and 2003; 86% occurred in infants <= 3 months of age. Among those with ages provided, 95% of infants who required mechanical ventilation and all of those who died were <= 3 months of age. CONCLUSIONS. Pertussis hospitalization incidence rates among the youngest infants were generally stable in 1993 to 2004 and were highest for infants 1 to 2 months of age. The impact of the new adolescent and adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines on infant pertussis should be monitored through such discharge databases. Additional vaccination strategies should be evaluated to protect infants as early in life as possible. C1 [Cortese, Margaret M.; Baughman, Andrew L.; Zhang, Rongping; Srivastava, Pamela U.; Wallace, Gregory S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1393 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271HS UT WOS:000253780100005 PM 18310196 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M Braun, KVN Doernberg, NS Benedict, RE Kirby, RS Durkin, MS AF Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Braun, Kim Van Naarden Doernberg, Nancy S. Benedict, Ruth E. Kirby, Russell S. Durkin, Maureen S. TI Prevalence of cerebral palsy in 8-year-old children in three areas of the United States in 2002: A multisite collaboration SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE prevalence; cerebral palsy; developmental; disabilities; population-based surveillance ID CHANGING PANORAMA; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; BIRTH PREVALENCE; SWEDEN; TRENDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ORIGIN; SURVEILLANCE; PATTERN AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy subtypes among children in 3 areas of the United States by using a population-based surveillance system. METHODS. Using methods developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, investigators from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network conducted surveillance of cerebral palsy among 8-year-old children living in northern Alabama, metropolitan Atlanta, and southeastern Wisconsin in 2002 (N = 114 897). Crosssectional data were collected through retrospective record review from multiple sources. Cases were linked to birth certificate and census files to obtain additional information. Period prevalence estimates were calculated per 1000 children 8 years of age. RESULTS. The average prevalence of cerebral palsy across the 3 sites was 3.6 cases per 1000, with notably similar site-specific prevalence estimates (3.3 cases per 1000 in Wisconsin, 3.7 cases per 1000 in Alabama, and 3.8 cases per 1000 in Georgia). At all sites, prevalence was higher in boys than girls ( overall boy/girl ratio: 1.4:1). Also, at all sites, the prevalence of cerebral palsy was highest in black non-Hispanic children and lowest in Hispanic children. At all sites, the prevalence among children living in low- and middle-income neighborhoods was higher than that among children living in high-income neighborhoods. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common subtype (77% of all cases), with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy dominating the spastic group (70%). CONCLUSION. These findings contribute new knowledge to the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in the United States. The similarities in prevalence rates and patterns of cerebral palsy reported for 8-year-old children at 3 geographically distinct sites provide evidence of the reliability of the surveillance methods used by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. C1 [Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Benedict, Ruth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI USA. [Benedict, Ruth E.; Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mxy1@cdc.gov RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 NR 41 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1270 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271HS UT WOS:000253780100013 PM 18310204 ER PT J AU Cusick, SE Looker, AC Cogswell, ME Pfeiffer, CM Grummer-Strawn, L AF Cusick, Sarah E. Looker, Anne C. Cogswell, Mary E. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence TI Iron-status indicators SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; DEFICIENCY C1 [Cusick, Sarah E.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Control & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Looker, Anne C.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cogswell, Mary E.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grummer-Strawn, Laurence] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Control & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cusick, SE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Control & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 651 EP + DI 10.1542/peds.2007-2996 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271HS UT WOS:000253780100031 PM 18310220 ER PT J AU France, EK Glanz, J Xu, S Hambidge, S Yamasaki, K Black, SB Marcy, M Mullooly, JP Jackson, LA Nordin, J Belongia, EA Hohman, K Chen, RT Davis, R AF France, Eric K. Glanz, Jason Xu, Stanley Hambidge, Simon Yamasaki, Kristi Black, Steve B. Marcy, Michael Mullooly, John P. Jackson, Lisa A. Nordin, James Belongia, Edward A. Hohman, K. Chen, Robert T. Davis, Robert CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles-mumps-rubella immunization in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immune thrombocytopenia purpura; children; measles-mumps-rubella vaccines; thrombocytopenia ID VACCINE SAFETY; MMR VACCINE; CASE SERIES; CHILDHOOD; ITP AB BACKGROUND. The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine has been associated with immune thrombocytopenia purpura in 2 small studies. METHODS. By using the Vaccine Safety Datalink, we identified measles-mumps-rubella vaccinated children aged 1 to 18. A case of immune thrombocytopenia purpura was defined as a patient with a platelet count of <= 50 000/mu L with clinical bleeding and normal red and white blood cell indices. The immune thrombocytopenia purpura incidence rates during exposed (42 days after vaccination) and unexposed time periods were determined. A retrospective cohort of vaccinated children was used to determine incident rate ratios for children aged 1 to 18 years, 12 to 23 months, and 12 to 15 months. RESULTS. A total of 1 036 689 children received 1 107 814 measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations; there were 259 confirmed patients with immune thrombocytopenia purpura. Because only 5 exposed cases occurred after age 2, analyses were limited to children aged 12 to 23 months. Exposed patients aged 12 to 23 months had lower median platelet counts than those who were unexposed and had similar median duration of illness (11 vs 10 days). The incident rate ratio was highest for children aged 12 to 15 months at 7.10. The incident rate ratio for boys aged 12 to 15 months was 14.59, and the incident rate ratio for girls in the same age group was 3.22. Seventy-six percent of immune thrombocytopenia purpura cases in children aged 12 to 23 months were attributable to measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. This vaccine causes 1 case of immune thrombocytopenia purpura per every 40 000 doses. CONCLUSION. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine that is given in the second year of life is associated with an increased risk of immune thrombocytopenia purpura. C1 [France, Eric K.] Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, Denver, CO USA. [Glanz, Jason; Xu, Stanley; Hambidge, Simon; Yamasaki, Kristi] Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. [Black, Steve B.] Kaiser Permanenter No Calif, Kaiser Permanente Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. [Marcy, Michael] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. [Mullooly, John P.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Washington, DC USA. [Nordin, James] HealthPartners Res Fdn, Dept Vaccine Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI USA. [Hohman, K.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Chen, Robert T.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Davis, Robert] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP France, EK (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, 10065 E Harvard Ave,Suite 250, Denver, CO USA. EM eric.k.france@kp.org NR 18 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP E687 EP E692 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1578 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271HS UT WOS:000253780100079 PM 18310189 ER PT J AU Morrison, AC Zielinski-Gutierrez, E Scott, TW Rosenberg, R AF Morrison, Amy C. Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily Scott, Thomas W. Rosenberg, Ronald TI Defining challenges and proposing solutions for control of the virus vector Aedes aegypti SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPREGNATED PLASTIC STRIPS; NORTH QUEENSLAND; SPATIAL REPELLENCY; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; LETHAL OVITRAP; PUERTO-RICO; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; METOFLUTHRIN C1 [Morrison, Amy C.; Scott, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily; Rosenberg, Ronald] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Scott, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM twscott@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 362 EP 366 AR 068 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050068 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287PL UT WOS:000254928900010 PM 18351798 ER PT J AU Durr, S Naissengar, S Mindekem, R Diguimbye, C Niezgoda, M Kuzmin, I Rupprecht, CE Zinsstag, J AF Duerr, Salome Naissengar, Service Mindekem, Rolande Diguimbye, Colette Niezgoda, Michael Kuzmin, Ivan Rupprecht, Charles E. Zinsstag, Jakob TI Rabies Diagnosis for Developing Countries SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CANINE RABIES; ASIA; GENE AB Background: Canine rabies is a neglected disease causing 55,000 human deaths worldwide per year, and 99% of all cases are transmitted by dog bites. In N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, rabies is endemic with an incidence of 1.71/1,000 dogs (95% C.I. 1.45-1.98). The gold standard of rabies diagnosis is the direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA) test, requiring a fluorescent microscope. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, United States of America) developed a histochemical test using low-cost light microscopy, the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT). Methodology/Principal Findings: We evaluated the dRIT in the Chadian National Veterinary Laboratory in N'Djamena by testing 35 fresh samples parallel with both the DFA and dRIT. Additional retests (n = 68 in Chad, n = 74 at CDC) by DFA and dRIT of stored samples enhanced the power of the evaluation. All samples were from dogs, cats, and in one case from a bat. The dRIT performed very well compared to DFA. We found a 100% agreement of the dRIT and DFA in fresh samples (n = 35). Results of retesting at CDC and in Chad depended on the condition of samples. When the sample was in good condition (fresh brain tissue), we found simple Cohen's kappa coefficient related to the DFA diagnostic results in fresh tissue of 0.87 (95% C.I. 0.63-1) up to 1. For poor quality samples, the kappa values were between 0.13 (95% C.I. 20.15-0.40) and 0.48 (95% C. I. 0.14-0.82). For samples stored in glycerol, dRIT results were more likely to agree with DFA testing in fresh samples than the DFA retesting. Conclusion/Significance: The dRIT is as reliable a diagnostic method as the gold standard (DFA) for fresh samples. It has an advantage of requiring only light microscopy, which is 10 times less expensive than a fluorescence microscope. Reduced cost suggests high potential for making rabies diagnosis available in other cities and rural areas of Africa for large populations for which a capacity for diagnosis will contribute to rabies control. C1 [Duerr, Salome; Zinsstag, Jakob] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Naissengar, Service; Diguimbye, Colette] Lab Rech Vet & Zootech Farcha, Ndjamena, Tchad, Chad. [Mindekem, Rolande] Ctr Support Sante Int, Ndjamena, Tchad, Chad. [Niezgoda, Michael; Kuzmin, Ivan; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Durr, S (reprint author), Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. EM jakob.zinsstag@unibas.ch RI Zinsstag, Jakob/A-8317-2008; Durr, Salome/C-1343-2014 OI Zinsstag, Jakob/0000-0002-8899-6097; Durr, Salome/0000-0002-7321-5980 FU Swiss Federal Veterinary Office; Wolfermann-Nageli Foundation; Emilia Guggenheim-Schnurr Foundation; Commission for Research Partnership with Developing Countries (Jeunes Chercheurs); Chadian partners; NCCR North-South FX The study was financed by the following supporters: The Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, the Wolfermann-Nageli Foundation, Emilia Guggenheim-Schnurr Foundation, the Commission for Research Partnership with Developing Countries (Jeunes Chercheurs, co-funding of the Chadian partners), and the NCCR North-South (co-funding of Jakob Zinsstag). The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 AR e206 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000206 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385HZ UT WOS:000261806600009 PM 18365035 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AM Gust, DA AF Kennedy, Allison M. Gust, Deborah A. TI Measles outbreak associated with a church congregation: A study of immunization attitudes of congregation members SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NONMEDICAL EXEMPTIONS; SCHOOL; ELIMINATION; CHILDREN; LAWS AB Objectives. Although measles has not been endemic in the U.S. since 1997 due to high vaccination coverage, recent U.S. measles outbreaks have been associated with individuals and groups who have refused vaccination for philosophical, cultural, or religious reasons. One such outbreak occurred in Indiana among a group of church members in May and June of 2005. Our objectives were to: (1) determine attitudes and beliefs of church leaders and members regarding vaccinations and the outbreak experience, (2) describe reasons for vaccine acceptance and nonacceptance, and (3) assess the feasibility of a knowledge and attitudes study in the context of a vaccine-preventable disease outbreak. Methods. We conducted a focus group with church leaders and families and held 12 structured household interviews with church members directly and indirectly involved in the outbreaks. Results. A combination of safety concerns, personal experience, and religious beliefs contributed to vaccination refusal among a subgroup of church members. While the experience with measles disease did not necessarily translate into a more positive perception of vaccines, most families that refused vaccination would accept some future vaccines under unique circumstances, such as disease presence in the community or if vaccination could be delayed until a child was older. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this outbreak experience can inform future outbreak investigations elsewhere. Maintaining open communication with parents who refuse immunizations, as well as working with their trusted social networks, can help public health professionals facilitate alternative means of disease control during a vaccine-preventable disease outbreak in the community. C1 [Kennedy, Allison M.; Gust, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kennedy, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKennedy@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 126 EP 134 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 261TX UT WOS:000253104000005 PM 18457065 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Lindberg, LD Finer, LB Rickert, VI Bensyl, D Posner, S Makleff, S Kost, K Singh, S AF Santelli, John Lindberg, Laura Duberstein Finer, Lawrence B. Rickert, Vaughn I. Bensyl, Diana Posner, Sam Makleff, Shelly Kost, Kathryn Singh, Susheela TI Comparability of contraceptive prevalence estimates for women from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. This article assesses the comparability of contraceptive use estimates for adult women obtained from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) as a benchmark. The 2002 BRFSS uses data collection methods that are considerably different from the NSFG. Method. We compared demographic differences and national estimates of current contraceptive methods being used and reasons for nonuse. Variables were recoded in the BRFSS and NSFG systems to make the two samples comparable. Results. Women in the NSFG and BRFSS were similar in age and race/ethnicity. Compared with the NSFG, the BRFSS sample was more educated and of higher income, less likely to be cohabiting, and more likely to be married. After adjusting for differences in the coding of hysterectomy, many BRFSS estimates for current contraceptive use were statistically similar to those from the NSFG. Small but statistically significant differences were found for vasectomy (7.7% and 6.3%), the pill (21.9% and 19.6%), rhythm (1.5% and 1.0%), the diaphragm (0.5% and 0.2%), and withdrawal (0.3% and 2.7%) for the BRFSS and NSFG, respectively. Major reasons for nonuse were similar: seeking pregnancy and currently pregnant. The percentage of women who were not currently sexually active was higher in the BRFSS (16.0%) compared with the NSFG (12.5%). Conclusions. The BRFSS is a useful source of population-based data on contraceptive use for reproductive health program planning; however, planners should be cognizant that lower-income women are not fully represented in telephone surveys. C1 [Santelli, John; Rickert, Vaughn I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Heilbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lindberg, Laura Duberstein; Finer, Lawrence B.; Kost, Kathryn; Singh, Susheela] Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bensyl, Diana; Posner, Sam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Makleff, Shelly] Int Planned Parenthood Fed Western Hemisphere Reg, New York, NY USA. RP Santelli, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Heilbrunn Dept Populat & Family Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B2, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM Js2637@columbia.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 261TX UT WOS:000253104000007 PM 18457067 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Singleton, JA AF Smith, Philip J. Singleton, James A. TI Vaccination coverage estimates for selected counties: Achievement of Healthy People 2010 goals and association with indices of access to care, economic conditions, and demographic composition SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; OPPORTUNITIES; DISPARITIES; VACCINES; MEASLES; RISK AB Objectives. We provided vaccination coverage estimates for 181 counties; evaluated the extent to which Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) vaccination coverage objectives were achieved; and examined how variations in those estimates depend on access to care and economic conditions. Methods. We analyzed data for 24,031 children aged 19 to 35 months sampled from the 2004 and 2005 National Immunization Survey. Results. Children living, in the 181 counties represented 49% of all the 19- to 35-month-old children living in the U.S. None of the 181 counties had coverage for the polio, measles-mumps-rubella, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and hepatitis B vaccines that was significantly lower than the HP 2010 objective of 90% coverage. However, as many as 30.4% of the counties did not achieve the HIP 2010 objective for diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DtaP/DTP), and as many as 6.6% did not achieve the goal for varicella (VAR). If children who received three doses of DTaP/DTP had received a final fourth dose, and if all children had received one dose of VAR, all of the 181 counties would have achieved the H P 2010 vaccination coverage target of 80% for the entire 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccination series. Factors found to be associated with low county-level vaccination coverage rates were correlates of poverty, and factors found to be associated with high county-level vaccination coverage rates were correlates of access to pediatric services. Conclusions. HP 2010 vaccination coverage goals for all 181 counties can be achieved by improving vaccination coverage for only two vaccines. Those goals may be achieved most efficiently by targeting interventions in counties where indices of poverty are high or where access to pediatric services is low. C1 [Smith, Philip J.; Singleton, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ms E-62,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PSmith3@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 261TX UT WOS:000253104000008 PM 18457068 ER PT J AU Lu, E Barfield, WD Wilber, N Diop, H Manning, SE Fogerty, S AF Lu, Emily Barfield, Wanda D. Wilber, Nancy Diop, Hafsatou Manning, Susan E. Fogerty, Sally TI Surveillance of births conceived with various infertility therapies in Massachusetts, January-March 2005 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; PREGNANCY; STATES AB Objective. Nationally, infertility therapies (IFTs) are increasingly used to overcome fecundity issues. However, it is unclear to what extent noninvasive IFTs are used compared with assisted reproductive technology. To better understand outcomes related to the increasing use of all types of IFTs, we compared self-reported IFT use from a Massachusetts pilot Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (MA-PRAMS) to IFT use recorded on birth certificates (BCs). Methods. In 2005, Massachusetts conducted a three-month pilot study modeled after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's PRAMS, a population-based surveillance system that monitors pregnancy experiences. Descriptive and bivariate analyses compared responses to MA-PRAMS survey questions regarding IFT use with data collected on BCs from the same women sampled. Results. According to MA-PRAMS, 6.1% of live births were conceived using IFTs compared with 3.1% reported on BCs. Reported IFT use varied by maternal age and plurality. For women aged 18-34 years, IFT use reported on MA-PRAMS (5.0%) was 2.5 times higher than that reported on BCs (2.0%). For women aged 35 years or older, reported IFT use was comparable in both systems. For women giving birth to singletons, IFT use reported on MA-PRAMS (5.5%) was three times higher than that reported on BCs (1.8%). Conclusions. Higher use of IFTs was reported by MA-PRAMS than on BCs, particularly among younger women and those having singleton births. These findings suggest that self-reported IFT use might be a more sensitive method for states to use in assessing population-based IFT usage among women and monitoring trends in adverse birth outcomes. C1 [Lu, Emily; Wilber, Nancy; Diop, Hafsatou; Manning, Susan E.; Fogerty, Sally] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bureau Family & Commun Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Barfield, Wanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bureau Family & Commun Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM Emily.Lu@state.ma.us NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 261TX UT WOS:000253104000009 PM 18457069 ER PT J AU Link, MW Battaglia, MP Frankel, MR Osborn, L Mokdad, AH AF Link, Michael W. Battaglia, Michael P. Frankel, Martin R. Osborn, Larry Mokdad, Ali H. TI A comparison of address-based sampling (ABS) versus random-digit dialing (RDD) for general population surveys SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Valid and reliable public health data are becoming more difficult to obtain through random-digit dial (RDD) telephone surveys. As a result, researchers are evaluating different survey designs (i.e., sampling frame and survey mode combinations) as complements or alternatives to RDD. Traditionally, mail surveys of the general public have been limited due to a lack of a complete sampling frame of households. Recent advances in electronic record keeping, however, have allowed researchers to develop a sample from a frame of addresses (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File, which appears to provide coverage which rivals or possibly exceeds that obtained through RDD sampling methods). To test the use of this frame for surveying adults aged 18 years and older across a wide geographic area, a pilot study was conducted as part of the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The pilot compared use of a traditional, RDD telephone survey methodology to an approach using a mail version of the questionnaire completed by a random sample of households drawn from an address-based frame. The findings indicate that the mail survey approach can achieve higher response rates in low-response-rate states (< 40%) than RDD (particularly when two mailings are sent). Additionally, the address frame with mail survey design provides access to cell phone only households and offers cost savings over the telephone approach. The resulting sample, however, significantly overrepresents non-Hispanic whites and people with higher levels of education. C1 [Battaglia, Michael P.; Osborn, Larry] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02474 USA. [Frankel, Martin R.] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), 3784 Ardsley Ct, Marietta, GA 30062 USA. EM Michael.Link@Nielsen.com NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 6 EP 27 DI 10.1093/poq/nfn003 PG 22 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 278OB UT WOS:000254295100002 ER PT J AU Werner, KA Geiger, BE Perko, MA Macrina, D Oneal, M AF Werner, Karen A. Geiger, Brian E. Perko, Mike A. Macrina, David Oneal, Marcia TI Assessing clinical treatment of childhood obesity using mixed methods SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Werner, Karen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Geiger, Brian E.; Macrina, David; Oneal, Marcia] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Perko, Mike A.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM kwerner@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 SU S BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 284VU UT WOS:000254735800078 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM AF Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Global epidemiology of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses SO RESPIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Educational Seminar of the Asia-Pacific-Society-of-Respirology CY DEC, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Asia Pacific Soc Respirol DE avian influenza; epidemiology; H5N1 cases ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HONG-KONG; POULTRY WORKERS; HUMAN-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; OUTBREAK; SPREAD; PERSISTENCE AB From 1997 through 2007, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses resulted in rare, sporadic, severe and fatal cases among persons in 14 countries in Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Africa. Of 369 reported human H5N1 cases that occurred from 1997 through 2007, overall mortality was 60%. Ten antigenically and genetically distinct clades of H5N1 viruses have been identified to date, and strains from four clades have infected humans. Surveillance has focused upon hospitalized cases of febrile acute lower respiratory tract disease among persons with exposure to sick or dead poultry, or to a human H5N1 case. Detection of H5N1 virus infection is based primarily upon collection of respiratory tract specimens from suspected cases for RT-PCR testing. Most human H5N1 cases were previously healthy children or young adults who developed severe acute pulmonary or multi-organ disease following direct or close contact with sick or dead H5N1 virus-infected poultry. Occasional clusters of H5N1 cases have occurred, predominantly among blood-related family members. Limited human-to-human H5N1 virus transmission has been reported or could not be excluded in some clusters. The frequency of asymptomatic or clinically mild H5N1 virus infection is unknown, but limited investigations suggest that such infections have been rare since 2003. There is no evidence of sustained human-to-human H5N1 virus spread. However, H5N1 viruses continue to circulate and evolve among poultry in many countries, and there are many unanswered questions about human infection with H5N1 viruses. Thus, the pandemic influenza threat presented by H5N1 viruses persists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Influenza Div, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1323-7799 J9 RESPIROLOGY JI Respirology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 SU 1 BP S2 EP S9 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01246.x PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 280JW UT WOS:000254424100002 PM 18366524 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, Steven S. TI Using cases with contrary facts to illustrate and facilitate ethical analysis SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS LA English DT Article DE ethics; instructional methods; moral reasoning; research ethics ID HEALTH AB There has been increasing interest in developing practical, non-theoretical tools for analyzing ethical problems in public health, biomedicine, and other scientific disciplines so that professionals can make and justify ethical decisions in their own research or practice. Tools for ethical decisionmaking, together with case studies on ethics, are often used in graduate education programs and in continuing professional education. Students can benefit from opportunities to further develop their analytical skills, to recognize ethical issues, and to develop their moral sensitivity. One practical approach for illustrating and facilitating ethical analysis uses cases with contrary facts and circumstances, an approach which complements rather than replaces theoretical approaches to moral reasoning. Cases with contrary facts and circumstances are presented in two or more alternative ways so that the facts, circumstances, or framing of one version runs counter to that of the other version (s). Cases with contrary facts, together with practical steps for identifying and analyzing ethical issues, are likely to be useful tools for illustrating and facilitating ethics analysis and stimulating the moral imagination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1353-3452 J9 SCI ENG ETHICS JI Sci. Eng. Ethics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11948-008-9055-8 PG 8 WC Ethics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 269XI UT WOS:000253683700009 PM 18273693 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Blanchard, K Chaikummao, S Friedland, BA Srivirojana, N Connolly, C Witwatwongwana, P Supawitkul, S Mock, PA Chaowanachan, T Tappero, J AF Kilmarx, Peter H. Blanchard, Kelly Chaikummao, Supaporn Friedland, Barbara A. Srivirojana, Nucharee Connolly, Cathy Witwatwongwana, Paisit Supawitkul, Somsak Mock, Philip A. Chaowanachan, Thanyanan Tappero, Jordan TI A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and acceptability of use of carraguard vaginal gel by heterosexual couples in Thailand SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; PENILE APPLICATION; MENS ATTITUDES; MALE TOLERANCE; MICROBICIDE; CARRAGEENAN; NONOXYNOL-9; ZIMBABWE; SULFATE; MICE AB Objectives: To determine the safety and acceptability of use of Carraguard, a carrageenan-derived candidate microbicide gel, during sexual intercourse in women and men. Study Design: We conducted a 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial among sexually active, couples at relatively lower risk for HIV infection in northern Thailand. Methods: Women inserted 1 applicator of study gel vaginally every time the couple had sex. Safety was assessed by symptom report and genital examination of both partners and by changes in vaginal flora. Acceptability was assessed by participant interview. Results: Overall, 55 couples were randomized, 28 to Carraguard use and 27 to the methyl-cellulose placebo gel group. Retention and study gel use were similarly high in both study groups; use of gel without condoms was reported in more than 95% of vaginal sex acts. The 2 study groups were similar in the proportions of women and men with symptoms or with genital findings without epithelial disruption, of men with findings with epithelial disruption, and of women with abnormal genital flora, whereas more women in the placebo group had findings with epithelial disruption. Women and men in both groups reported that the gel and applicator were acceptable. Conclusions: Carraguard can safely be used an average of 2 to 3 times per week during sex and is acceptable to Thai women and men. C1 [Kilmarx, Peter H.; Tappero, Jordan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kilmarx, Peter H.; Chaikummao, Supaporn; Mock, Philip A.; Chaowanachan, Thanyanan; Tappero, Jordan] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Bangkok, Thailand. [Blanchard, Kelly; Friedland, Barbara A.] Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Srivirojana, Nucharee] Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. [Connolly, Cathy] Med Res Council S Africa, Durban, South Africa. [Witwatwongwana, Paisit] Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Supawitkul, Somsak] Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pbk4@cdc.gov OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815d6e0d PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 268NI UT WOS:000253586100003 PM 18490865 ER PT J AU Hariri, S Dunne, EF Sternberg, M Unger, ER Meadows, KS Karem, KL Markowitz, LE AF Hariri, Susan Dunne, Eileen F. Sternberg, Maya Unger, Elizabeth R. Meadows, Kristi S. Karem, Kevin L. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Seroepidemiology of human papillomavirus type 11 in the United States: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; GENITAL WARTS; HPV TYPE-6; ECONOMIC BURDEN; CERVICAL-CANCER; YOUNG-WOMEN; INFECTION; VACCINE; SEROPREVALENCE AB Objectives: The national seroprevalence of the nononcogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11, one of the types targeted by the quadrivallent HPV vaccine, has not been evaluated in the United States. The objectives of this study were to estimate the national seroprevalence and evaluate predictors of HPV-11 seropositivity. Study Design: We tested serum samples for HPV-11 antibodies and analyzed questionnaire data from the second phase of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 111, 1991-1994. Seroprevalence estimates were weighted to represent the US population. Results: Overall seroprevalence of HPV-11 infection was 4.7%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among females (5.7%) than among males (3.6%). Independent predictors of HPV-11 seropositivity included sex, race/ethnicity, lifetime number of sex partners, education, and HPV-16 seropositivity. Conclusion: This study represents the most comprehensive picture of HPV-11 infection in the United States to date, and provides baseline data on the prevalence of HPV-11 before availability of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. C1 [Hariri, Susan; Dunne, Eileen F.; Sternberg, Maya; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.; Meadows, Kristi S.; Karem, Kevin L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hariri, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sharifi@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815abaef PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 268NI UT WOS:000253586100016 PM 18091027 ER PT J AU Gift, TL AF Gift, Thomas L. TI Health utility measures for pelvic inflammatory disease SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Book Review ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 312 EP 313 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181659284 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 268NI UT WOS:000253586100019 PM 18490872 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Jaccard, J Dittus, P Gonzalez, B Bouris, A AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Jaccard, James Dittus, Patricia Gonzalez, Bernardo Bouris, Alida TI A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Risk and Problem Behaviors: The Case of Adolescent Sexual Behavior SO SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adolescent risk behavior; inner city; middle school youths AB A framework for the analysis of adolescent problem behaviors was explicated that draws on five major theories of human behavior. The framework emphasizes intentions to perform behaviors and factors that influence intentions as well as moderate the impact of intentions on behavior. The framework was applied to the analysis of adolescent sexual risk behavior in a population of 668 middle school youths in inner-city New York. Adolescents completed self-administered questionnaires in small group settings, assessing their past sexual activity, intentions to engage in sexual intercourse, expectancies about the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in sexual intercourse, normative pressures to engage in sex, the image implications of engaging in sex, emotional and affective reactions to engaging in sex, and self-efficacy with respect to engaging in sexual intercourse. The framework yielded high levels of predictability of intentions to have sex, with variables from each category proving to be of predictive value. The findings have important implications for social work researchers interested in the prevention of adolescent problem behavior. C1 [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent; Gonzalez, Bernardo; Bouris, Alida] Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Jaccard, James] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4241 USA SN 1070-5309 J9 SOC WORK RES JI Soc. Work Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA V18SN UT WOS:000208024600004 ER PT J AU Huppatz, C Durrheim, D Lammie, P Kelly, P Melrose, W AF Huppatz, Clare Durrheim, David Lammie, Patrick Kelly, Paul Melrose, Wayne TI Eliminating lymphatic filariasis - the surveillance challenge SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE lymphatic filariasis; elimination; Pacific; surveillance ID IMPACT; TOOLS C1 [Huppatz, Clare; Durrheim, David] NSW Hlth, Hunter New England Populat Hlth Unit, Wallsend, NSW, Australia. [Huppatz, Clare; Kelly, Paul] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Lammie, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Melrose, Wayne] James Cook Univ N Queensland, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Control Lymphat, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Durrheim, D (reprint author), NSW Hlth, Hunter New England Populat Hlth Unit, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, Australia. EM david.durrheim@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au NR 13 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 292 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02002.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 284VQ UT WOS:000254735300001 PM 18397392 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Winston, CA Massaga, JJ Kachur, SP Rowe, AK AF Skarbinski, Jacek Winston, Carla A. Massaga, Julius J. Kachur, S. Patrick Rowe, Alexander K. TI Assessing the validity of health facility-based data on insecticide-treated bednet possession and use: comparison of data collected via health facility and household surveys - Lindi region and Rufiji district, Tanzania, 2005 SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; insecticide-treated bednets; program evaluation; surveys; Tanzania ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS AB OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of health facility (HF)-based data on bednet and insecticide-treated bednet possession and use by children < 5 years old. METHODS We compared estimates based on data collected via HF surveys of under-5s attending well-child visits (e.g. immunizations) and sick-child visits vs. representative household surveys (a 'gold standard' method for measuring insecticide-treated net coverage). In Lindi region, Tanzania, we collected contemporaneous data on 637 under-5s via a HF survey (444 well-child visits and 193 sick-child visits), and on 305 households with an under-5 (including 354 children) via a household survey. In Rufiji district, Tanzania, we collected contemporaneous data on 1433 under-5s via a HF survey (911 well-child visits and 522 sick-child visits), and on 328 households with an under-5 (including 455 children) via a household survey. RESULTS Possession of bednets by households with an under-5 was similar using HF data and household data in both Lindi region and Rufiji district. However, reported use of bednets was significantly higher in HF data than household data in both Lindi and Rufiji, as was reported use of insecticide-treated bednets. HF-based data accurately estimated community-level bednet possession in households with an under-5, but overestimated community-level bednet use by 9-35% and insecticide-treated bednet use by 15-21%. CONCLUSIONS Information bias rather than selection bias appears to be a key cause for the overestimation of bednet and insecticide-treated bednet use (e.g. social desirability bias: caretakers of under-5s attending health facilities might be more likely to report using bednets and insecticide-treated bednets). Additional studies of the validity, cost and utility of HF-based data to monitor insecticide-treated bednet use are needed before recommending this monitoring strategy for widespread use. Overestimating insecticide-treated bednet use could lead to inappropriate public health actions and missed opportunities for achieving local and global public health goals. C1 [Skarbinski, Jacek; Winston, Carla A.; Kachur, S. Patrick; Rowe, Alexander K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Skarbinski, Jacek] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Massaga, Julius J.] Gates Malaria Partnership, Ctr Enhancement Effect Malaria Intervent, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kachur, S. Patrick] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. RP Skarbinski, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jskarbinski@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02014.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 284VQ UT WOS:000254735300012 PM 18397401 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Kosoy, M Martin, A Ray, C Sheff, K Chalcraft, L Collinge, SK AF Bai, Ying Kosoy, Michael Martin, Andrew Ray, Chris Sheff, Kelly Chalcraft, Linda Collinge, Sharon K. TI Characterization of Bartonella strains isolated from black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Bartonella washoensis ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SYNTHASE GENE; SP-NOV; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; RODENTS; PATIENT; PRIMERS AB Thirty bartonella strains were isolated from the blood of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from Boulder County, Colorado, USA. The bacteria appeared as small, fastidious, aerobic, Gram-negative rods. The partial sequences of the citrate synthase gene (gltA) demonstrated five unique genetic variants. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of gltA, 16S rRNA, rpoB, ftsZ, and ribC showed that the black-tailed prairie dog-related Bartonella variants comprise a distinct monophyletic clade that is closely related to Bartonella washoensis, a species isolated from a human patient and subsequently from ground squirrels. These variants, however, are grouped together in 100% of the bootstrapped trees. These variants were not found in other small mammals trapped during the same study, showing some evidence of host specificity. We believe that the group being described here is typical of the black-tailed prairie dog. We propose to name the bacteria Candidatus Bartonella washoensis subsp. cynomysii. The type strain is CL8606co(T) (=ATCC BAA-1342(T) = CCUG 53213(T)), which is the representative isolate of the dominant variant of the characterized group. C1 [Bai, Ying; Kosoy, Michael; Sheff, Kelly; Chalcraft, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Ctr Zoonot, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Collinge, Sharon K.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bai, Ying; Martin, Andrew; Ray, Chris; Collinge, Sharon K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Ctr Zoonot, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM bby5@cdc.gov OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0136 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 269JY UT WOS:000253646500001 PM 18237261 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Kuhn, S Campbell, GL Hayes, EB AF Lindsey, Nicole P. Kuhn, Stephanie Campbell, Grant L. Hayes, Edward B. TI West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease incidence in the United States, 2002-2006 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; seasonal transmission; United States ID NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS AB As the geographic range of reported human West Nile virus (WNV) disease has expanded across the United States, seasonal transmission and outbreaks have persisted over several years in many areas of the country. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNND) case reports from 2002 to 2006 were reviewed to determine which areas of the country have the highest reported cumulative incidence and whether those areas have had consistently high annual incidence. During the 5-year period examined, 9632 cases of WNND were reported nationwide. The cumulative incidence of WNND ranged from 0.2 to 32.2 per 100,000 population by state and from 0.1 to 241.2 per 100,000 population by county. States and counties with the highest cumulative incidence were primarily located in the northern Great Plains. States with consistently high annual incidence included South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, New Mexico, Mississippi, Nebraska, Louisiana, and Colorado. All of these states, with the exception of New Mexico, were also among the states with the highest cumulative incidence. Counties with repeatedly high annual incidence were also primarily in the Great Plains and mid-South. The risk of WNND appears to be highest in areas where the primary WNV vectors are Culex tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. C1 [Lindsey, Nicole P.; Kuhn, Stephanie; Campbell, Grant L.; Hayes, Edward B.] US Publs Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Vector Borne Infect Di, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), US Publs Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Div Vector Borne Infect Di, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nplindsey@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0137 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 269JY UT WOS:000253646500005 PM 18237264 ER PT J AU Madison, G Kim-Schluger, L Braverman, S Nicholson, WL Wormseri, GP AF Madison, Gul Kim-Schluger, Leona Braverman, Susan Nicholson, William L. Wormseri, Gary P. TI Hepatitis in association with rickettsialpox SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis; rickettsialpox; Rickettsia akari ID MOUNTAIN SPOTTED-FEVER; BOUTONNEUSE FEVER; MURINE TYPHUS; UNITED-STATES; LIVER; EHRLICHIOSIS; INFECTIONS; MACROPHAGE; OUTBREAK; CONORII AB Rickettsialpox is an acute, self-limited, febrile illness caused by Rickettsia akari and transmitted by Liponyssoides sanguineus, a mite that infests the common house mouse, Mus musculus. Liver involvement in rickettsialpox has received little attention, although hepatitis has been reported in several other rickettsial infections. In this report, we describe two patients with rickettsialpox who had acute hepatitis that resolved completely. In the appropriate clinical setting, rickettsialpox should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis. C1 [Madison, Gul; Braverman, Susan; Wormseri, Gary P.] New York Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Kim-Schluger, Leona] New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Nicholson, William L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wormseri, GP (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Rppm 245,Munger Pavil, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM gary_wormser@nymc.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0135 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 269JY UT WOS:000253646500016 PM 18171106 ER PT J AU Klevens, J Baker, CK Shelley, GA Ingram, EM AF Klevens, Joanne Baker, Charlene K. Shelley, Gene A. Ingram, Eben M. TI Exploring the links between components of coordinated community responses and their impact on contact with intimate partner violence service SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE community intervention; domestic violence; evaluation ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; WOMAN ABUSE; RECIDIVISM; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; HEALTH; WOMEN AB In the 1990s, concerns with response fragmentation for intimate partner violence (IPV) led to the promotion of coordinated community responses (CCRs) to prevent and control IPV. Evaluation of CCRs has been limited. A previous evaluation of 10 CCRs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed no overall impact on rates of IPV when compared to matched communities. However, there was great variability in the quality and quantity of CCR efforts between sites and thus potentially different levels of impact. This article establishes the impact of each of the 10 CCRs on women's past-year exposure to IPV and contact with IPV services and explores the associations between specific CCR components and contact with IPV services. C1 [Klevens, Joanne; Baker, Charlene K.; Shelley, Gene A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 346 EP 358 DI 10.1177/1077801207313968 PG 13 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 261FC UT WOS:000253063500006 PM 18292374 ER PT J AU Birk, AV Dubovi, EJ Cohen-Gould, L Donis, R Szeto, HH AF Birk, Alexander V. Dubovi, Edward J. Cohen-Gould, Leona Donis, Ruben Szeto, Hazel. H. TI Cytoplasmic vacuolization responses to cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RNA virus; BVDV; vacuolization; cell death; cellular response ID CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY; CELL-DEATH; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NS3 PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; REPLICATION; PEROXISOMES; DISEASE; YEAST AB Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus which exhibits two biotypes in standard cell culture systems. The cytopathic strains of this virus (cpBVDV) induce dramatic cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell cultures, while infection with the non-cytopathic (NCP-BVDV) strains produces no overt changes in the host cells. Our results show that extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization is the earliest morphological change in response to cpBVDV infection in MDBK cells. Cells with extensive vacuolization showed no co-existing chromatin condensation, caspase activation, or loss of membrane integrity. In addition, the caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk), although improving cell viability of infected cells from 6.7 +/- 2.2% to 18.8 +/- 2.2%, did not prevent vacuolization. On the ultrastructural level, the virus-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles are single membrane structures containing organelles and cellular debris, which appear capable of fusing with other vacuoles and engulfing surrounding cytoplasmic materials. LysoTracker Red which marks lysosomes did not stain the virus-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles. In addition, this lysosomal dye could be observed in the cytoplasm of vacuolized cells, suggesting a lysosomal abnormality. Our data demonstrate that cpBVDV induced a novel cell death pathway in MDBK cells that is primarily associated with lysosomal dysfunction and the formation of phagocytic cytoplasmic vacuoles, and this mode of cell death is different from apoptosis and necrosis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Birk, Alexander V.] Inst Hepatitis & Viral Res, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. [Birk, Alexander V.; Cohen-Gould, Leona; Szeto, Hazel. H.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donis, Ruben] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Birk, AV (reprint author), Inst Hepatitis & Viral Res, 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. EM avbirk@ihvr.org RI Szeto, Hazel/G-1643-2011 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K01 DA018262, K01 DA018268, K01 DA018268-03] NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.10.017 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 275YU UT WOS:000254109100009 PM 18054406 ER PT J AU Vareckova, E Mucha, V Kostolansky, F Gubareva, LV Klimov, A AF Vareckova, Eva Mucha, Vojtech Kostolansky, Frantisek Gubareva, Larisa V. Klimov, Alexander TI HA2-specific monoclonal antibodies as tools for differential recognition of influenza A virus antigenic subtypes SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE influenza; diagnostics; HA2-specific antibodies; intersubtype cross-reactivity; subtype signature motif ID RECEPTOR-BINDING; FUSION ACTIVITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; HA2; INHIBITION; INFECTION AB Antigenic reactivity of a set of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) raised against the HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin of H3 subtype was characterized in a rapid culture assay. MAbs FC12 and FE1, known to recognize the same antigenic site (IV), cross-reacted with influenza viruses of H3 and H4 subtypes, regardless of their host origin. No cross-reactivity was detected with other antigenic subtypes tested (H1-H13). The involvement of conserved residues D160, N168, and F171 in the differential recognition of H3 and H4 subtypes is proposed. In contrast, MAb IIF4 that recognizes antigenic site II exhibited a broader inter-subtype reactivity including subtypes H3, H4, H5, H8 and some viruses of H2, H6 and H 13 subtypes. The ability of HA2-specific antibodies to differentially react with distinct antigenic subtypes can be utilized in development of diagnostics and in the influenza virus surveillance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vareckova, Eva; Mucha, Vojtech; Kostolansky, Frantisek] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia. [Gubareva, Larisa V.; Klimov, Alexander] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vareckova, E (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia. EM viruevar@savba.sk NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.10.004 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 275YU UT WOS:000254109100021 PM 18037184 ER PT J AU Cohen, JM Ernst, KC Lindblade, KA Vulule, JM John, CC Wilson, ML AF Cohen, Justin M. Ernst, Kacey C. Lindblade, Kim A. Vulule, John M. John, Chandy C. Wilson, Mark L. TI Topography-derived wetness indices are associated with household-level malaria risk in two communities in the western Kenyan highlands SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARVAL HABITATS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; USAMBARA MOUNTAINS; BREEDING SITES; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; POPULATION; INFECTION AB Background: Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum generally decreases with increasing elevation, in part because lower temperature slows the development of both parasites and mosquitoes. However, other aspects of the terrain, such as the shape of the land, may affect habitat suitability for Anopheles breeding and thus risk of malaria transmission. Understanding these local topographic effects may permit prediction of regions at high risk of malaria within the highlands at small spatial scales. Methods: Hydrologic modelling techniques were adapted to predict the flow of water across the landscape surrounding households in two communities in the western Kenyan highlands. These surface analyses were used to generate indices describing predicted water accumulation in regions surrounding the study area. Households with and without malaria were compared for their proximity to regions of high and low predicted wetness. Predicted wetness and elevation variables were entered into bivariate and multivariate regression models to examine whether significant associations with malaria were observable at small spatial scales. Results: On average, malaria case households (n = 423) were located 280 m closer to regions with very high wetness indices than non-malaria "control" households (n = 895) (t = 10.35, p < 0.0001). Distance to high wetness indices remained an independent predictor of risk after controlling for household elevation in multivariate regression (OR = 0.93 [95% confidence interval = 0.89-0.96] for a 100 m increase in distance). For every 10 m increase in household elevation, there was a 12% decrease in the odds of the house having a malaria case (OR = 0.88 [0.85-0.90]). However, after controlling for distance to regions of high predicted wetness and the community in which the house was located, this reduction in malaria risk was not statistically significant (OR = 0.98 [0.94-1.03]). Conclusion: Proximity to terrain with high predicted water accumulation was significantly and consistently associated with increased household-level malaria incidence, even at small spatial scales with little variation in elevation variables. These results suggest that high wetness indices are not merely proxies for valley bottoms, and hydrologic flow models may prove valuable for predicting areas of high malaria risk in highland regions. Application in areas where malaria surveillance is limited could identify households at higher risk and help focus interventions. C1 [Cohen, Justin M.; Ernst, Kacey C.; Wilson, Mark L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lindblade, Kim A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Bone & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Vulule, John M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [John, Chandy C.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cohen, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM justinmc@umich.edu; kacey.ernst@gmail.com; kil2@cdc.gov; JVulule@kisian.mimcom.net; ccj@umn.edu; wilsonml@umich.edu RI John, Chandy/B-4164-2008; Ernst, Kacey/M-5943-2013; OI Cohen, Justin/0000-0003-4481-6784 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI056184, AI-01572, AI-056184] NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 40 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-40 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 280XD UT WOS:000254459100001 PM 18312633 ER PT J AU Lucchi, NW Peterson, DS Moore, JM AF Lucchi, Naomi W. Peterson, David S. Moore, Julie M. TI Immunologic activation of human syncytiotrophoblast by Plasmodium falciparum SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED MALARIA; KINASE SIGNALING CASCADES; PLACENTAL MALARIA; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTERVILLOUS BLOOD; ADHERENCE RECEPTOR AB Background: Malaria during pregnancy is characterized by the sequestration of malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBC) in the intervillous spaces of the placenta, often accompanied by the infiltration of maternal mononuclear cells, causing substantial maternal and foetal/infant morbidity. The iRBC bind to receptors expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast (ST). How ST responds to this interaction remains poorly understood. Because it is known that ST is immunoactive and can respond to infectious agents, the consequences of this ST-iRBC interaction should be investigated. Methods: An in vitro system was used to assess the biochemical and immunological changes induced in ST by ST-adherent iRBCs. Changes in ST mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were assessed by immunoblotting and mRNA expression levels of selected cytokine and chemokines in primary ST bound by iRBC were determined using real-time, reverse transcription PCR. In addition, secreted cytokine and chemokine proteins were assayed by standard ELISA, and chemotaxis of PBMC was assessed using a two-chamber assay system. Results: Following iRBC/ST interaction, ST C-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) was activated and modest increases in the mRNA expression of TGF-beta and IL-8/CXCL8 were observed. In addition, this interaction increased secretion of MIF and MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 by ST and induced migration of PBMC towards iRBC-stimulated ST. Conclusion: Results from this study provide the first evidence that ST participates in shaping the local immunological milieu and in the recruitment of maternal immune cells to the maternal blood space during placental malaria infection. C1 [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Peterson, David S.; Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Peterson, David S.; Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lucchi, Naomi W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moore, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM frd9@cdc.gov; peterson@vet.uga.edu; julmoore@vet.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050240, R01AI050240] NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 42 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-42 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 280XD UT WOS:000254459100003 PM 18312657 ER PT J AU Siri, JG Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Onyango, B Vulule, JM Slutsker, L Wilson, ML AF Siri, Jose G. Lindblade, Kim A. Rosen, Daniel H. Onyango, Bernard Vulule, John M. Slutsker, Laurence Wilson, Mark L. TI A census-weighted, spatially-stratified household sampling strategy for urban malaria epidemiology SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CHILDHOOD MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; URBANIZATION; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; BRAZZAVILLE; DISTRICT; DISEASE; EXAMPLE AB Background: Urban malaria is likely to become increasingly important as a consequence of the growing proportion of Africans living in cities. A novel sampling strategy was developed for urban areas to generate a sample simultaneously representative of population and inhabited environments. Such a strategy should facilitate analysis of important epidemiological relationships in this ecological context. Methods: Census maps and summary data for Kisumu, Kenya, were used to create a pseudo-sampling frame using the geographic coordinates of census-sampled structures. For every enumeration area (EA) designated as urban by the census (n = 535), a sample of structures equal to one-tenth the number of households was selected. In EAs designated as rural (n = 32), a geographically random sample totalling one-tenth the number of households was selected from a grid of points at 100 m intervals. The selected samples were cross-referenced to a geographic information system, and coordinates transferred to handheld global positioning units. Interviewers found the closest eligible household to the sampling point and interviewed the caregiver of a child aged < 10 years. The demographics of the selected sample were compared with results from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey to assess sample validity. Results were also compared among urban and rural EAs. Results: 4,336 interviews were completed in 473 of the 567 study area EAs from June 2002 through February 2003. EAs without completed interviews were randomly distributed, and non-response was approximately 2%. Mean distance from the assigned sampling point to the completed interview was 74.6 m, and was significantly less in urban than rural EAs, even when controlling for number of households. The selected sample had significantly more children and females of childbearing age than the general population, and fewer older individuals. Conclusion: This method selected a sample that was simultaneously population-representative and inclusive of important environmental variation. The use of a pseudo-sampling frame and pre-programmed handheld GPS units is more efficient and may yield a more complete sample than traditional methods, and is less expensive than complete population enumeration. C1 [Lindblade, Kim A.; Rosen, Daniel H.; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Siri, Jose G.; Wilson, Mark L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Onyango, Bernard; Vulule, John M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsiri@umich.edu; kil2@cdc.gov; rosend@zimcdc.co.zw; bonyango@kisian.mimcom.net; jmvulule@kisian.mimcom.net; lms5@cdc.gov; wilsonml@umich.edu OI Siri, Jose/0000-0001-7041-0310 FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007338, R24 HD041020] NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-39 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 292QB UT WOS:000255280100001 PM 18312632 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Deddens, JA AF Petersen, Martin R. Deddens, James A. TI A comparison of two methods for estimating prevalence SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA; LOGISTIC FUNCTION; RELATIVE RISK; ODDS RATIO; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; COMMON OUTCOMES; COHORT; MORTALITY AB Background: It is usually preferable to model and estimate prevalence ratios instead of odds ratios in cross-sectional studies when diseases or injuries are not rare. Problems with existing methods of modeling prevalence ratios include lack of convergence, overestimated standard errors, and extrapolation of simple univariate formulas to multivariable models. We compare two of the newer methods using simulated data and real data from SAS online examples. Methods: The Robust Poisson method, which uses the Poisson distribution and a sandwich variance estimator, is compared to the log-binomial method, which uses the binomial distribution to obtain maximum likelihood estimates, using computer simulations and real data. Results: For very high prevalences and moderate sample size, the Robust Poisson method yields less biased estimates of the prevalence ratios than the log-binomial method. However, for moderate prevalences and moderate sample size, the log-binomial method yields slightly less biased estimates than the Robust Poisson method. In nearly all cases, the log-binomial method yielded slightly higher power and smaller standard errors than the Robust Poisson method. Conclusion: Although the Robust Poisson often gives reasonable estimates of the prevalence ratio and is very easy to use, the log-binomial method results in less bias in most common situations, and because it fits the correct model and obtains maximum likelihood estimates, it generally results in slightly higher power, smaller standard errors, and, unlike the Robust Poisson, it always yields estimated prevalences between zero and one. C1 [Petersen, Martin R.; Deddens, James A.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Deddens, James A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Mail Stop R15 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mrp1@cdc.gov; jad0@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1471-2288-8-9 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 288GL UT WOS:000254974100001 PM 18307814 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Meng, YX Mokdad, AH Reaven, GM AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Meng, Yuan-Xiang Mokdad, Ali H. Reaven, Gerald M. TI Does the association of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with fasting serum insulin differ by race/ethnicity? SO CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED GLUCOSE DISPOSAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA-TRIGLYCERIDES; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; RESISTANCE; INDIVIDUALS; AGE; US; HYPERINSULINEMIA AB Background: The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been reported to be as closely correlated with insulin resistance as is the fasting serum insulin concentration (FSI), and therefore it is seen as a clinically useful way to identify the concomitant presence of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. However, conflicting findings exist for the association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with FSI by race/ethnicity. Methods: The associations of FSI concentration, serum triglyceride concentrations, and HDL-C were analyzed using log-binomial regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis among nondiabetic adults (n = 2652, aged = 20 years, 51.2% men) in the United States. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding effects, the prevalence ratio of hyperinsulinemia was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74 to 2.08) when using a single cutoff point of 3.5, and 2.23 ( 95% CI, 1.83 to 2.72) when using race/ethnicity-specific cutoff points of 3.0 for non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans and 2.0 for non-Hispanic blacks for the TG/HDLC ratio. The area under the ROC curve of the TG/HDL-C ratio for predicting hyperinsulinemia was 0.77 ( 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.79), 0.75 ( 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.77), and 0.74 ( 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.76) for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and FSI among three major racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Our results add further support to the notion that the TG/HDL-C ratio may be a clinically simple and useful indicator for hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults regardless of race/ethnicity. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meng, Yuan-Xiang] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Reaven, Gerald M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov; eford@cdc.gov; ymeng@msm.edu; amokdad@cdc.gov; greaven@cvmed.stanford.edu NR 36 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2840 J9 CARDIOVASC DIABETOL JI Cardiovasc. Diabetol. PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1475-2840-7-4 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 301RH UT WOS:000255912800001 PM 18307789 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Spencer, PJ Hotchkiss, J Miller, DB Hinderliter, PM Pauluhn, J AF Gordon, Christopher J. Spencer, Pamela J. Hotchkiss, Jon Miller, Diane B. Hinderliter, Paul M. Pauluhn, Juergen TI Thermoregulation and its influence on toxicity assessment SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE radiotelemetry; core temperature; skin temperature; pesticide; rodent; metabolic rate; inhalation; stress; restraint ID INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; BODY-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY RAT; INHALATION; MICE; SENSITIVITY; MODULATION; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE; EXPOSURE AB The thermoregulatory system of laboratory rodents is susceptible to a variety of chemical toxicants. Because temperature directly affects the reaction of virtually all biological processes, it is critical to consider how changes in the thermoregulatory response to a toxicant may affect physiological, behavioral, and pathological endpoints. Researchers in industry and government laboratories are often faced with addressing how changes in body temperature of their experimental subjects may affect the outcome of a particular toxicity test and/or screening panel. However, many toxicologists are either unaware of the importance or ignore the potential impact of a toxic-induced change in body temperature. This paper endeavors to summarize the importance of thermoregulation in the study of toxicology and propose recommendations for thermometry that researchers may utilize in their toxicological studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spencer, Pamela J.; Hotchkiss, Jon] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hinderliter, Paul M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pauluhn, Juergen] Bayer Healthcare, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-04,109 STW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 244 IS 2-3 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.030 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 273PA UT WOS:000253942700001 PM 18096291 ER PT J AU Noe, RS Bower, WA Diaz, PD Rotz, LD Holmes, HT Resultan, EG AF Noe, R. S. Bower, W. A. Diaz, P. D. Rotz, L. D. Holmes, H. T. Resultan, E. G. TI Update: Potential exposures to attenuated vaccine strain Brucella abortus RB51 during a laboratory proficiency test United States and Canada, 2007 - (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 37, pg 36-39, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTIONS; BIOTERRORISM C1 [Noe, R. S.; Bower, W. A.; Diaz, P. D.; Rotz, L. D.; Holmes, H. T.; Resultan, E. G.] CDC, Div Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noe, RS (reprint author), CDC, Div Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 8 BP 891 EP 893 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266DZ UT WOS:000253413200010 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Viswanathan, K Raman, R Chandrasekaran, A Raguram, S Tumpey, TM Sasisekharan, V Sasisekharan, R AF Srinivasan, Aravind Viswanathan, Karthik Raman, Rahul Chandrasekaran, Aarthi Raguram, S. Tumpey, Terrence M. Sasisekharan, V. Sasisekharan, Ram TI Quantitative biochemical rationale for differences in transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza A viruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hemagglutinin; multivalency; sialylated glycans ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; RECEPTOR-BINDING; HUMAN AIRWAY; HEMAGGLUTININ; SPECIFICITY; H5N1 AB The human adaptation of influenza A viruses is critically governed by the binding specificity of the viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) to long (chain length) alpha 2-6 sialylated glycan (alpha 2-6) receptors on the human upper respiratory tissues. A recent study demonstrated that whereas the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus, A/South Carolina/1/1918 (SC18), with alpha 2-6 binding preference transmitted efficiently, a single amino acid mutation on HIA resulted in a mixed alpha 2-3 sialylated glycan (alpha 2-3)/alpha 2-6 binding virus (NY18) that transmitted inefficiently. To define the biochemical basis for the observed differences in virus transmission, in this study, we have developed an approach to quantify the multivalent HA-glycan interactions. Analysis of the molecular HA-glycan contacts showed subtle changes resulting from the single amino acid variations between SC18 and NY18. The effect of these changes on glycan binding is amplified by multivalency, resulting in quantitative differences in their long alpha 2-6 glycan binding affinities. Furthermore, these differences are also reflected in the markedly distinct binding pattern of SC1 8 and NY18 HA to the physiological glycans present in human upper respiratory tissues. Thus, the dramatic lower binding affinity of NY18 to long alpha 2-6 glycans, as against a mixed alpha 2-3/6 binding, correlates with its inefficient transmission. In summary, this study establishes a quantitative biochemical correlate for influenza A virus transmission. C1 [Tumpey, Terrence M.; Sasisekharan, Ram] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sasisekharan, V.; Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sasisekharan, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rams@mit.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057073, U54 GM062116, GM57073, R37 GM057073, U54 GM62116] NR 18 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 8 BP 2800 EP 2805 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711963105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000253567900012 PM 18287068 ER PT J AU Pappas, C Aguilar, PV Basler, CF Solorzano, A Zeng, H Perrone, LA Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Pappas, Claudia Aguilar, Patricia V. Basler, Christopher F. Solorzano, Alicia Zeng, Hui Perrone, Lucy A. Palese, Peter Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Single gene reassortants identify a critical role for PB1, HA, and NA lein the high virulence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE human airway cells; mice; pathogenesis ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; A VIRUS; CELL-DEATH; POLYMERASE; H5N1; HEMAGGLUTININ; PROTEIN; NEURAMINIDASE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB The 1918 influenza pandemic was exceptionally severe, resulting in the death of up to 50 million people worldwide. Here, we show which virus genes contributed to the replication and virulence of the 1918 influenza virus. Recombinant viruses, in which genes of the 1918 virus were replaced with genes from a contemporary human H1N1 influenza virus, A/Texas/36/91 (Tx/91), were generated. The exchange of most 1918 influenza virus genes with seasonal influenza H1N1 virus genes did not alter the virulence of the 1918 virus; however, substitution of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), or polymerase subunit PB1 genes significantly affected the ability of this virus to cause severe disease in mice. The 1918 virus virulence observed in mice correlated with the ability of 1918 recombinant viruses to replicate efficiently in human airway cells. In a second series of experiments, eight 1918 1:7 recombinants were generated, in which each Tx/91 virus gene was individually replaced by a corresponding gene from 1918 virus. Replication capacity of the individual 1:7 reassortant viruses was assessed in mouse lungs and human airway cells. Increased virus titers were observed among 1:7 viruses containing individual 1918 HA, NIA, and PB1 genes. In addition, the 1918 PB1:Tx/91 (1:7) virus showed a distinctly larger plaque size phenotype than the small plaque phenotype of the 1918 PA:Tx/91 and 1918 PB2:Tx/91 1:7 reassortants. These results highlight the importance of the 1918 HA, NA, and PB1 genes for optimal virus replication and virulence of this pandemic strain. C1 [Pappas, Claudia; Aguilar, Patricia V.; Basler, Christopher F.; Solorzano, Alicia; Palese, Peter; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Palese, Peter; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pappas, Claudia; Zeng, Hui; Perrone, Lucy A.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.palese@mssm.edu; tft9@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, U19 AI062623, U19 AI62623, U54 AI057158] NR 43 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 8 BP 3064 EP 3069 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711815105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000253567900057 PM 18287069 ER PT J AU Asatryan, A Pool, V Chen, RT Kohl, KS Davis, RL Iskander, JK AF Asatryan, Armenak Pool, Vitali Chen, Robert T. Kohl, Katrin S. Davis, Robert L. Iskander, John K. CA VAERS Team TI Live attenuated measles and mumps viral strain-containing vaccines and hearing loss: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), United States, 1990-2003 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; measles; mumps; MMR; hearing loss ID METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; RUBELLA VACCINATION; SAFETY CONCERNS; DEAFNESS; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; COMPLICATION; IMPAIRMENT; ADULT AB Hearing loss (HL) is a known complication of wild measles and mumps viral infections. As vaccines against measles and mumps contain live attenuated viral strains, it is biologically plausible that in some individuals HL could develop as a complication of vaccination against measles and/or mumps. Our objectives for this study were: to find and describe all cases of HL reported in the scientific literature and to the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) for the period 1990-2003; and to determine reporting rate of HL after live attenuated measles and/or mumps viral strain-containing vaccines (MMCV) administration. We searched published reports for cases of HL identified after vaccination with MMCV. We also searched for reports of HL after MMCV administration submitted to VAERS from 1990 through 2003 and determined the dose-adjusted reporting rate of HL. Our main outcome measure was reported cases of HL after immunization with MMCV which were classified as idiopathic. We found 11 published case reports of HL following MMCV. The review of the VAERS reports identified 44 cases of likely idiopathic sensorineural HL after MMCV administration. The onset of HL in the majority of VAERS and published cases was consistent with the incubation periods of wild measles and mumps viruses. Based on the annual usage of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, we estimated the reporting rate of HL to be 1 case per 6-8 million doses. Thus, HL following MMCV has been reported in the literature and to the VAERS. Further studies are needed to better understand if there is a causal relationship between MMCV and HL. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Asatryan, Armenak] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asatryan, Armenak] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pool, Vitali; Chen, Robert T.; Kohl, Katrin S.; Davis, Robert L.; Iskander, John K.; VAERS Team] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Asatryan, A (reprint author), Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. EM armen.asatryan@abbott.com NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1166 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.049 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 275ON UT WOS:000254081600004 PM 18255204 ER PT J AU Siri, JG Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Onyango, B Vulule, J Slutsker, L Wilson, ML AF Siri, Jose G. Lindblade, Kim A. Rosen, Daniel H. Onyango, Bernard Vulule, John Slutsker, Laurence Wilson, Mark L. TI Quantitative urban classification for malaria epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WESTERN KENYA; RISK-FACTORS; URBANIZATION; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; PARASITEMIA; DISTRICT; ANEMIA; AREAS; GHANA AB Background: Although sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rapidly urbanizing, the terms used to classify urban ecotypes are poorly defined in the context of malaria epidemiology. Lack of clear definitions may cause misclassification error, which likely decreases the accuracy of continent-wide estimates of malaria burden, limits the generalizability of urban malaria studies, and makes identification of high-risk areas for targeted interventions within cities more difficult. Accordingly, clustering techniques were applied to a set of urbanization- and malaria-related variables in Kisumu, Kenya, to produce a quantitative classification of the urban environment for malaria research. Methods: Seven variables with a known or expected relationship with malaria in the context of urbanization were identified and measured at the census enumeration area (EA) level, using three sources: a) the results of a citywide knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey; b) a high-resolution multispectral satellite image; and c) national census data. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to identify three factors explaining higher proportions of the combined variance than the original variables. A k-means clustering algorithm was applied to the EA-level factor scores to assign EAs to one of three categories: "urban," "peri-urban," or " semi-rural." The results were compared with classifications derived from two other approaches: a) administrative designation of urban/rural by the census or b) population density thresholds. Results: Urban zones resulting from the clustering algorithm were more geographically coherent than those delineated by population density. Clustering distributed population more evenly among zones than either of the other methods and more accurately predicted variation in other variables related to urbanization, but not used for classification. Conclusion: Effective urban malaria epidemiology and control would benefit from quantitative methods to identify and characterize urban areas. Cluster analysis techniques were used to classify Kisumu, Kenya, into levels of urbanization in a repeatable and unbiased manner, an approach that should permit more relevant comparisons among and within urban areas. To the extent that these divisions predict meaningful intra-urban differences in malaria epidemiology, they should inform targeted urban malaria interventions in cities across SSA. C1 [Siri, Jose G.; Wilson, Mark L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lindblade, Kim A.; Rosen, Daniel H.; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Onyango, Bernard; Vulule, John] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Wilson, ML (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jsiri@umich.edu; kil2@cdc.gov; rosend@zw.cdc.gov; BOnyango@kisian.mimcom.net; jvulule@kisian.mimcom.net; lms5@cdc.gov; wilsonml@umich.edu OI Siri, Jose/0000-0001-7041-0310 FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007338, R24 HD041020] NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-34 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 280WZ UT WOS:000254458700001 PM 18298857 ER PT J AU Nsubuga, P White, M Fontaine, R Simone, P AF Nsubuga, Peter White, Mark Fontaine, Robert Simone, Patricia TI Training programmes for field epidemiology SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nsubuga, Peter; White, Mark; Fontaine, Robert; Simone, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pcn0@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 23 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9613 BP 630 EP 631 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60281-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266LL UT WOS:000253436700008 PM 18295009 ER PT J AU Stokley, S Cullen, KA Kennedy, A Bardenheier, BH AF Stokley, Shannon Cullen, Karen A. Kennedy, Allison Bardenheier, Barbara H. TI Adult vaccination coverage levels among users of complementary/alternative medicine - results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) SO BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; RISK COMMUNICATION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATIONS; ATTITUDES; INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK; PARENTS AB Background: While many Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioners do not object to immunization, some discourage or even actively oppose vaccination among their patients. However, previous studies in this area have focused on childhood immunizations, and it is unknown whether and to what extent CAM practitioners may influence the vaccination behavior of their adult patients. The purpose of this study was to describe vaccination coverage levels of adults aged >= 18 years according to their CAM use status and determine if there is an association between CAM use and adult vaccination coverage. Methods: Data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, limited to 30,617 adults that provided at least one valid answer to the CAM supplement, were analyzed. Receipt of influenza vaccine during the past 12 months, pneumococcal vaccine (ever), and >= 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine was self-reported. Coverage levels for each vaccine by CAM use status were determined for adults who were considered high priority for vaccination because of the presence of a high risk condition and for non-priority adults. Multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between CAM users and vaccination status, adjusting for demographic and healthcare utilization characteristics. Results: Overall, 36% were recent CAM users. Among priority adults, adjusted vaccination coverage levels were significantly different between recent and non-CAM users for influenza (44% vs 38%; p-value < 0.001) and pneumococcal (40% vs 33%; p-value < 0.001) vaccines but were not significantly different for hepatitis B (60% vs 56%; p-value = 0.36). Among non-priority adults, recent CAM users had significantly higher unadjusted and adjusted vaccination coverage levels compared to non-CAM users for all three vaccines (p-values < 0.001). Conclusion: Vaccination coverage levels among recent CAM users were found to be higher than non-CAM users. Because CAM use has been increasing over time in the U. S., it is important to continue monitoring CAM use and its possible influence on receipt of immunizations among adults. Since adult vaccination coverage levels remain below Healthy People 2010 goals, it may be beneficial to work with CAM practitioners to promote adult vaccines as preventive services in keeping with their commitment to maintaining good health. C1 [Stokley, Shannon; Kennedy, Allison; Bardenheier, Barbara H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cullen, Karen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Stokley, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sstokley@cdc.gov; kcullen@cdc.gov; akennedy@cdc.gov; bbardenheier@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6882 J9 BMC COMPLEM ALTERN M JI BMC Complement. Altern. Med. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1472-6882-8-6 PG 8 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 397PO UT WOS:000262674800001 PM 18294382 ER PT J AU Rynn, L Cragan, J Correa, A AF Rynn, L. Cragan, J. Correa, A. TI Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects - Atlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57,m pg 1-5, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCIES C1 [Rynn, L.; Cragan, J.; Correa, A.] CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rynn, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 7 BP 756 EP 758 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 263OR UT WOS:000253226900010 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Kim, HY Manatunga, A Addiss, DG AF Williamson, John M. Kim, Hae-Young Manatunga, Amita Addiss, David G. TI Modeling survival data with informative cluster size SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cox proportional hazards; independence working model; informative cluster size; multivariate survival analysis; Weibull model; within-cluster resampling ID DISTRIBUTIONS; LIKELIHOOD; TIME AB Analysis of clustered data focusing on inference of the marginal distribution may be problematic when the risk of the outcome is related to the cluster size, termed as informative cluster size. In the absence of censoring, Hoffman et al. proposed a within-cluster resampling method, which is asymptotically equivalent to a weighted generalized estimating equations score equation. We investigate the estimation of the marginal distribution for multivariate survival data with informative cluster size using cluster-weighted Weibull and Cox proportional hazards models. The cluster-weighted Cox model can be implemented using standard software. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods produce unbiased parameter estimation in the presence of informative cluster size. To illustrate the proposed approach, we analyze survival data from a lymphatic filariasis study in Recife, Brazil. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Williamson, John M.; Addiss, David G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F 22, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kim, Hae-Young] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Manatunga, Amita] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F 22, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jow5@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1002/sim.3003 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 265ID UT WOS:000253351400008 PM 17640035 ER PT J AU Liegeois, F Lafay, B Switzer, WM Locatelli, S Mpoudi-Ngole, E Loul, S Heneine, W Delaporte, E Peeters, M AF Liegeois, Florian Lafay, Benedicte Switzer, William M. Locatelli, Sabrina Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel Loul, Severin Heneine, Walid Delaporte, Eric Peeters, Martine TI Identification and molecular characterization of new STLV-1 and STLV-3 strains in wild-caught nonhuman primates in Cameroon SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PTLVs; STLV-1; STLV-3; nonhuman primate; cross-species transmission; phylogeny; virus-host species co-evolution; Cameroon ID T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; CELL LEUKEMIA; HTLV-II; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; CERCOPITHECUS-NICTITANS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CERCOCEBUS-TORQUATUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MANDRILLUS-SPHINX AB Humans and simian species are infected by deltaretroviruses (HTLV and STLV respectively), which are collectively called primate T-cell lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs). In humans, four types of HTLV have been described (HTLV-1 to -4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, 2 and 3. In this study, our aim was to search for a simian HTLV-4-related virus and to document and characterize further the diversity of STLV infections in wild primate populations. We screened 1297 whole blood samples from 13 different primate species from southern Cameroon. Overall, 93 samples gave HTLV-1, HTLV-2 or dual HTLV-1/-2 INNOLIA profiles, 12 were HTLV positive but untypeable and 14 were indeterminate. Subsequently, we performed generic and specific (STLV-1 to -3) tax-rex PCRs to discriminate the different PTLV types, completed with phylogenetic analysis of 450-bp LTR sequences for STLV-1 and 900 bp pX-LTR sequences for STLV-3. We show for the first time that Lophocebus albigena and Cercopithecus cephus carry both STLV-1 and a divergent STLV-3. We also identified a new STLV-1 lineage in one C. cephus. Finally, we identify relative divergence levels in the tax/rex phylogeny suggesting that additional types of PTLV should be defined, particularly for the highly divergent STLV-1(MarB43) strain that we provisionally name STLV-5. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liegeois, Florian; Locatelli, Sabrina; Delaporte, Eric; Peeters, Martine] IRD, UMR 145, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Liegeois, Florian; Locatelli, Sabrina; Delaporte, Eric; Peeters, Martine] Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France. [Lafay, Benedicte] CNRS, UMR 2724, IRD, Montpellier, France. [Switzer, William M.; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prvent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel; Loul, Severin] Hop Milit, Project PRESICA, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Peeters, M (reprint author), IRD, UMR 145, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. EM martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr RI Lafay, Benedicte/D-8359-2011; Liegeois, Florian/D-3798-2013; OI Lafay, Benedicte/0000-0001-5783-5269; Liegeois, Florian/0000-0003-1048-0661; Locatelli, Sabrina/0000-0002-1133-0561 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI50529] NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 2 BP 405 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.037 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 261DV UT WOS:000253060200018 PM 17976676 ER PT J AU Hargrove, JW Humphrey, JH Mutasa, K Parekh, BS McDougal, JS Ntozini, R Chidawanyika, H Moulton, LH Ward, B Nathoo, K Iliff, PJ Kopp, E AF Hargrove, John W. Humphrey, Jean H. Mutasa, Kuda Parekh, Bharat S. McDougal, J. Steve Ntozini, Robert Chidawanyika, Henry Moulton, Lawrence H. Ward, Brian Nathoo, Kusum Iliff, Peter J. Kopp, Ekkehard TI Improved HIV-1 incidence estimates using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE BED; HIV-1; incidence ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; TYPE-1 INCIDENCE; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; INFECTION; ZIMBABWE AB Objective: To validate the BED capture enzyme immunoassay for HIV-1 subtypeCand to derive adjustments facilitating estimation of HIV-1 incidence from cross-sectional surveys. Design: Laboratory analysis of archived plasma samples collected in Zimbabwe. Methods: Serial plasma samples from 85 women who seroconverted to HIV-1 during the postpartum year were assayed by BED and used to estimate the window period between seroconversion and the attainment of a specified BED absorbance. HIV-1 incidences for the year prior to recruitment and for the postpartum year were calculated by applying the BED technique to HIV-1-positive samples collected at baseline and at 12 months. Results: The mean window for an absorbance cut-off of 0.8 was 187 days. Among women who were HIV-1 positive at baseline and retested at 12 months, aproportion (E) 5.2% (142/2749) had a BED absorbance < 0.8 at 12 months and were falsely identified as recent seroconverters. Consequently, the estimated BED annual incidence at 12 months postpartum (7.6%) was 2.2 times the contemporary prospective estimate. BED incidence adjusted for e was 3.5% [95% confidence interval (Cl), 2.6-4.5], close to the 3.4% estimated prospectively. Adjusted BED incidence at baseline was 6.0% (95% Cl, 5.2-6.9) and, like the prospective estimates, declined with maternal age. Unadjusted BED incidence estimates were largely independent of age; the pooled estimate was 58% higher than adjusted incidence. Conclusion: The BED method can be used in an African setting, but further estimates of e and of the window period are required, using large samples in a variety of circumstances, before its general utility can be gauged. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Hargrove, John W.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mutasa, Kuda; Ntozini, Robert; Chidawanyika, Henry; Iliff, Peter J.] ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Nathoo, Kusum] Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Nathoo, Kusum] Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Humphrey, Jean H.; Moulton, Lawrence H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Parekh, Bharat S.; McDougal, J. Steve] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ward, Brian] Montreal Gen Hosp, Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Hargrove, John W.; Kopp, Ekkehard] SACEMA, Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelling & Anal, DST NRF, Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Humphrey, JH (reprint author), ZVITAMBO Project, 1 Borrowdale Rd, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM jhumphrey@zvitambo.co.zw OI Ntozini, Robert/0000-0002-8543-2835; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 NR 16 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 277XE UT WOS:000254247200009 PM 18301064 ER PT J AU Diep, BA Chambers, HF Graber, CJ Szumowski, JD Miller, G Han, LL Chen, JH Lin, F Lin, J Phan, TH Carleton, HA McDougal, LK Tenover, FC Cohen, DE Mayer, KH Sensabaugh, GF Perdreau-Remington, F AF Diep, Binh An Chambers, Henry F. Graber, Christopher J. Szumowski, John D. Miller, G. Han, Linda L. Chen, Jason H. Lin, Felice Lin, Jessica Phan, Tiffany HaiVan Carleton, Heather A. McDougal, Linda K. Tenover, Fred C. Cohen, Daniel E. Mayer, Kenneth H. Sensabaugh, George F. Perdreau-Remington, Francoise TI Emergence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in men who have sex with men SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; SKIN INFECTIONS; SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMISSION; MRSA; SEQUENCE; AIDS; INCARCERATION; PNEUMONIA AB Background: Infection with multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been reported but seems to be isolated. Objective: To determine the incidence of a multidrug-resistant MRSA clone (USA300) in San Francisco, and to determine risk factors for the infection. Design: Population-based survey and cross-sectional study using chart review. Setting: 9 hospitals in San Francisco (population-based survey) and 2 outpatient clinics in San Francisco and Boston (cross-sectional study). Patients: Persons with culture-proven MRSA infections in 2004 to 2006. Measurements: Annual incidence, spatial clustering, and risk factors for multidrug-resistant USA300 infection. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction assays, and DNA sequencing were used to characterize MRSA isolates. Results: The overall incidence of multidrug-resistant USA300 infection in San Francisco was 26 cases per 100 000 persons (95% CI, 16 to 36 cases per 100 000 persons); the incidence was higher in 8 contiguous ZIP codes with a higher proportion of male same-sex couples. Male-male sex was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant USA300 infection (relative risk, 13.2 [CI, 1.7 to 101.6]; P < 0.001) independent of past MRSA infection (relative risk, 2.1 [CI, 1.2 to 3.7]; P=0.007) or clinclamycin use (relative risk, 2.1 [1.2 to 3.61; P=0.007). The risk seemed to be independent of HIV infection. In San Francisco, multidrug-resistant USA300 manifested most often as infection of the buttocks, genitals, or perineum. In Boston, the infection was recovered exclusively from men who had sex with men. Limitations: The study was retrospective, and sexual risk behavior was not assessed. Conclusion: Infection with multidrug-resistant USA300 MRSA is common among men who have sex with men, and multidrug-resistant MRSA infection might be sexually transmitted in this population. Further research is needed to determine whether existing efforts to control epidemics of other sexually transmitted infections can control spread of community-associated, multidrug-resistant MRSA. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Fenway Inst Fenway Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RP Diep, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco Gen Hosp, 1001 Potrero Ave,Bldg 30,Rm 3300, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5T32AI060530-02, 5T32AI060537-02]; PHS HHS [R01/CCR923381, R01/CCR923419] NR 52 TC 240 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 264UR UT WOS:000253316400001 PM 18283202 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, R Fridkin, SK Workowski, KA AF Gorwitz, Rachel Fridkin, Scott K. Workowski, Kimberly A. TI More challenges in the prevention and management of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin disease SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; USA300; RISK C1 [Gorwitz, Rachel; Fridkin, Scott K.; Workowski, Kimberly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS A35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RGorwitz@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 310 EP 312 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 264UR UT WOS:000253316400007 PM 18202162 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, George A. TI Public health and the control of high blood pressure at the state level - Asleep at the switch or running low on fuel? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE editorials; blood pressure; epidemiology; hypertension; morbidity; mortality ID HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE AB In the United States today, we know a great deal about the burden of high blood pressure ( BP) and the inadequacy of its prevention and control at the national level. 1 The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES), created through authorizing legislation of the National Health Survey Act of 1956, collects directly measured and self-reported data relevant to biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high BP. Beginning in the early 1960s, NHANES has periodically provided health data ( by number and percentage) on the US population, designated subgroups with high BP, and tracked trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of this condition. 2 In 1999, the program became a continuously running survey designed to collect data on a nationally representative sample of approximate to 5000 individuals for each year of the survey with release of data in 2-year cycles. C1 [Mensah, George A.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 117 IS 7 BP 860 EP 862 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.754671 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 266IQ UT WOS:000253428100001 PM 18285575 ER PT J AU Radoshitzky, SR Kuhn, JH Spiropoulou, CF Albarino, CG Nguyen, DP Salazar-Bravo, J Dorfman, T Lee, AS Wang, EX Ross, SR Choe, H Farzan, M AF Radoshitzky, Sheli R. Kuhn, Jens H. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Albarino, Cesar G. Nguyen, Dan P. Salazar-Bravo, Jorge Dorfman, Tatyana Lee, Amy S. Wang, Enxiu Ross, Susan R. Choe, Hyeryun Farzan, Michael TI Receptor determinants of zoonotic transmission of New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Calomys; Junin virus; Machupo virus; transferrin receptor 1 ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; HUMAN TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; VIRAL FUSION PROTEINS; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; MACHUPO VIRUS; JUNIN VIRUS; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHESUS MACAQUES AB Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is a cellular receptor for the New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses Machupo (MACV), Junin (JUNV), and Guanarito (GTOV). Each of these viruses is specifically adapted to a distinct rodent host species, but all cause human disease. Here we compare the ability of these viruses to use various mammalian transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) orthologs, including those of the South American rodents that serve as reservoirs for MACV, JUNV, and GTOV (Calomys callosus, Calomys musculinus, and Zygodontomys brevicauda, respectively). Retroviruses pseudotyped with MACV and JUNV but not GTOV glycoproteins (GPs) efficiently used C. callosus TfR1, whereas only JUNV GIP could use C. musculinus TfR1. All three viruses efficiently used Z. brevicauda TfR1. TfR1 orthologs from related rodents, including house mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus), did not support entry of these viruses. In contrast, these viruses efficiently used human and domestic cat TfR1 orthologs. We further show that a local region of the human TfR1 apical domain, including tyrosine 211, determined the efficiency with which MACV, JUNV, and GTOV used various TfR1 orthologs. Our data show that these New World arenaviruses are specifically adapted to the TfR1 orthologs of their respective rodent hosts and identify key commonalities between these orthologs and human TfR1 necessary for efficient transmission of these viruses to humans. C1 [Radoshitzky, Sheli R.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Dorfman, Tatyana; Lee, Amy S.; Farzan, Michael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Radoshitzky, Sheli R.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Dorfman, Tatyana; Lee, Amy S.; Farzan, Michael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Kuhn, Jens H.] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Biol Chem & Pharm, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Spiropoulou, Christina F.; Albarino, Cesar G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nguyen, Dan P.; Choe, Hyeryun] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Salazar-Bravo, Jorge] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Epidemiol & Zoonoses, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wang, Enxiu; Ross, Susan R.] Univ Penn, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Enxiu; Ross, Susan R.] Univ Penn, Abramson Family Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Farzan, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM farzan@hms.harvard.edu RI Kuhn, Jens H./B-7615-2011 OI Kuhn, Jens H./0000-0002-7800-6045 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI074879-01, R01 AI074879-02, R01 AI074879] NR 52 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 7 BP 2664 EP 2669 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709254105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266XB UT WOS:000253469900074 PM 18268337 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MM Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Honein, MA AF Jenkins, Mary M. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Moore, Cynthia A. Honein, Margaret A. TI Ethical issues raised by incorporation of genetics into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE birth defects; risk factors; public health; research ethics; genetic research ID CHROMOSOME 22Q11 DELETION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; NEWBORN-INFANTS; CANDIDATE GENES; RESPONSE RATES; UNITED-STATES; RISK; ASSOCIATION AB Investigators involved in public health research must conduct high-quality studies that advance scientific knowledge for the collective benefit of the public's health, while at the same time ensuring that the individual rights of human subjects are protected. Successful completion of the Human Genome Project provides greater opportunity to incorporate the study of genetic factors into public health research. Integration of DNA specimen collection into epidemiological studies of complex disorders, such as birth defects, is necessary to identify genetic risk factors that affect susceptibility to potentially modifiable environmental risk factors, but collection of DNA samples often heightens concerns about ethical issues. Some of these issues include ensuring informed consent in an ongoing study as new genetic risk factors and novel genetic technologies for study continue to be identified, achieving a balance between improving participation using incentives and avoiding coercion, ensuring confidentiality of individual genetic data, and considering when and how to report research results to study participants. We present a discussion of ethical issues addressed by investigators of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population-based, case-control study of risk factors for birth defects, which has incorporated the study of genetic risk factors. Study participants include infants and young children whose parents consent on their behalf, increasing the complexity of the ethical issues. Discussion of these issues and the methods employed to ensure protection of human subjects might be helpful to other investigators working to integrate genetics into large epidemiological studies. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Honein, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jenkins, MM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmjenkins@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4868 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 148C IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30157 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 267BE UT WOS:000253482500006 PM 18189287 ER PT J AU Jain, RB Caudill, SP Wang, RY Monsell, E AF Jain, Ram B. Caudill, Samuel P. Wang, Richard Y. Monsell, Elizabeth TI Evaluation of maximum likelihood procedures to estimate left censored observations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; DETECTION LIMITS; VALUES AB The optimal procedure for estimating chemical levels below the limit of detection (LOD) remains a topic of interest when working with ultratrace analysis of environmental or clinical specimens. Unique to this investigation, we evaluated the performance of three maximum likeli-hood estimation (MLE) procedures to estimate the population mean and standard deviation from chemical data with 10-40% observations below the LOD. Randomly drawn observations from the normal distributions with these parameter estimates were used to replace censored observations. Final estimates of the mean and standard deviation (SD) were obtained from these full samples and compared to actual population mean mu and SD sigma. The study demonstrated that the average percent relative bias for both the mean and SD increased as the sample size decreased and the percent observations below the LOD increased. The MLE procedure with multiple imputations almost always had acceptable coverage rates for both the mean and the SD. These findings support earlier observations, and they suggest that MLE with multiple imputations is the preferred method to estimate mean and SD when the frequency of left censored observations in the population is <= 40%. C1 [Jain, Ram B.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Wang, Richard Y.; Monsell, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Jain, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1021/ac0711788 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 262RJ UT WOS:000253165400029 PM 18197633 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Reske, KA Olsen, MA McDonald, LC Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Reske, Kimberly A. Olsen, Margaret A. McDonald, L. Clifford Fraser, Victoria J. TI Short- and long-term attributable costs of Clostridium difficile - Associated disease in nonsurgical inpatients SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID DIARRHEA; HOSPITALS; MORTALITY; INFECTION; MORBIDITY; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; COLITIS; BURDEN; STRAIN AB Background. The incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is increasing. There are few data on the short-term and long-term attributable costs of CDAD. The objective of this study was to determine the acute and 180-day attributable inpatient costs of CDAD. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients without operating room costs who were admitted for >= 48 h to Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, 1 January 2003-31 December 2003 (). Attributable costs of CDAD were determined by multivariable linear regression and (n = 24,691) propensity-scorematched-pairsanalyses(n= 684 ) for the hospitalization in which CDAD occurred and per patient over a 180-day period, including the initial hospitalization. Results. CDAD was associated with $2454 (95% confidence interval, $2380-$2950; increase in cost, 41%) attributable costs per CDAD episode by linear regression and with $3240 attributable costs (; increase in P <.001 cost, 33%) by propensity-score matched-pairs analysis. CDAD was associated with $5042 (95% confidence interval, $3797-$6481; increase in cost, 53%) attributable inpatient costs over 180 days by linear regression and with $7179 attributable costs for inpatient care (P<.001; 48% increase in costs) by propensity-score matched-pairs analysis. Conclusions. CDAD was associated with a significant increase in costs for inpatient care and increased costs at 180 days after the initial hospitalization when the CDAD episode occurred. C1 [Dubberke, Erik R.; Reske, Kimberly A.; Olsen, Margaret A.; Fraser, Victoria J.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Box 8051,660 S Euclid St, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU PHS HHS [1U01C1000333-01, UR8/CCU715087-06/1] NR 20 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1086/526530 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 254WB UT WOS:000252617600002 PM 18197759 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A Wong, LY Jones, RS Park, A Zhang, Y Hodge, C Dipietro, E McClure, C Turner, W Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Sjoedin, Andreas Wong, Lee-Yang Jones, Richard S. Park, Annie Zhang, Yalin Hodge, Carolyn Dipietro, Emily McClure, Cheryl Turner, Wayman Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polyhrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the united states population: 2003-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; HOUSE-DUST; MILK AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) are chemicals known as brominated flame retardants. We have assessed the exposure status of the United States population to PBDEs and BB-153 and explored associations with demographic information, including participants' age, sex, and race/ethnicity. A total of 2,062 serum samples, from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 aged 12 years and older, were analyzed for PBDEs and BB-153; stratified and regression analyses were used to examine levels among demographic groups. The congener with the highest serum concentration was 2,2',4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) [geometric mean 20.5 ng/g lipid]; followed by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE (BDE-153) [5.7 ng/g lipid]; 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE (BDE99) [5.0 ng/g lipid; a value equal to the highest limit of detection for an individual sample]; 2,2',4,4,6-pentaBDE (BDE-100) [3.9 ng/g lipid]; BB-153 [2.3 ng/g lipid]; and 2,4,4'-triBDE (BDE-28) [1.2 ng/g lipid]. For BDE-47, we observed no significant difference in the least-squares geometric mean (LSGM) by sex, but with age we found both a linear decrease.(p = 0.01) and a positive,quadratic trend (P = 0.01). Its LSGM, 27.9 ng/lipid, in the 12-19 year olds decreased to 17.2 ng/g lipid in the 40-49 year group, and then curved upward to 20.4 ng/g lipid in the >= 60 years olds. Mexican Americans had the highest LSGM of BDE-47 (24.5 ng/g lipid), which was significantly higher than that of non-Hispanic whites (19.7 ng/g lipid, p = 0.01). Adults 60 years and older were twice as likely as adults 20-59 years old to have a serum BDE-47 concentration above the 95th percentile (p = 0.02). These data provide needed exposure assessment data for public health decisions. C1 [Sjoedin, Andreas; Wong, Lee-Yang; Jones, Richard S.; Park, Annie; Zhang, Yalin; Hodge, Carolyn; Dipietro, Emily; McClure, Cheryl; Turner, Wayman; Needham, Larry L.; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 27 TC 192 Z9 199 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1384 DI 10.1021/es702451p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800067 PM 18351120 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Garten, R Sheu, TG Gubareva, LV Klimov, AI AF Deyde, Varough M. Garten, Rebecca Sheu, Tiffany G. Gubareva, Larisa V. Klimov, Alexander I. TI Increased incidence of adamantane-resistant influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) viruses during the 2006-2007 influenza season in Japan - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; AUSTRALIA C1 [Deyde, Varough M.; Garten, Rebecca; Sheu, Tiffany G.; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Klimov, Alexander I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM axk0@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 4 BP 632 EP 633 DI 10.1086/525056 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 263BC UT WOS:000253191600021 ER PT J AU Pollack, LA Stewart, SL Thompson, TD Li, J AF Pollack, L. A. Stewart, S. L. Thompson, T. D. Li, J. TI Trends in childhood cancer mortality United States, 1990-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1257-1261, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Pollack, L. A.; Stewart, S. L.; Thompson, T. D.; Li, J.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 6 BP 626 EP 627 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261QN UT WOS:000253095200009 ER PT J AU Diggs, R Diallo, A Kan, H Glymph, C Furness, BW Chai, SJ AF Diggs, R. Diallo, A. Kan, H. Glymph, C. Furness, B. W. Chai, S. J. TI Norovirus outbreak in an elementary school district of Columbia, February 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1340-1343, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID FELINE CALICIVIRUS; CONTAMINATION; SURROGATE; EFFICACY; VIRUS C1 [Diggs, R.; Diallo, A.; Kan, H.; Glymph, C.; Furness, B. W.] Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Chai, S. J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Diggs, R (reprint author), Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 6 BP 627 EP 630 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261QN UT WOS:000253095200010 ER PT J AU Fox, L Beach, MJ Lammie, PJ AF Fox, LeAnne Beach, Michael J. Lammie, Patrick J. TI Treatment for lymphatic filariasis and elephantiasis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; INTESTINAL HELMINTH; HAITIAN CHILDREN; ALBENDAZOLE; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY C1 [Fox, LeAnne; Beach, Michael J.; Lammie, Patrick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fox, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lfox@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 6 BP 632 EP 633 DI 10.1001/jama.299.6.632 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261QN UT WOS:000253095200014 PM 18270350 ER PT J AU Fernandez, FM Green, MD Newton, PN AF Fernandez, Facundo M. Green, Michael D. Newton, Paul N. TI Prevalence and detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals: A mini review SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ANTIMALARIAL TABLETS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; QUALITY-CONTROL; DRUG QUALITY AB Counterfeit drugs are a widespread, important public health problem. This mini review reports on the current status of the issue of drug counterfeiting, with special emphasis on our findings on counterfeit anti-infectives, and the new detection tools being developed to identify and characterize fake drugs. C1 [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab,Lao PDR, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 72 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1021/ie0703787 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 257CT UT WOS:000252777500013 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, L Crosby, A Ryan, G AF Paulozzi, L. Crosby, A. Ryan, G. TI Increases in age-group-specific injury mortality United States, 1999-2004 (Reprint from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1281-1284, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SUICIDE; RISK; PREVENTION; VIOLENCE; FORCE; DEATH C1 [Paulozzi, L.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crosby, A.] CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ryan, G.] CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paulozzi, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 5 BP 515 EP 516 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 258RB UT WOS:000252886100011 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Morrison, MA Fridkin, SK AF Klevens, R. Monina Morrison, Melissa A. Fridkin, Scott K. TI Determining whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is associated with health care - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Klevens, R. Monina; Morrison, Melissa A.; Fridkin, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 5 BP 519 EP 520 DI 10.1001/jama.299.5.519-b PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 258RB UT WOS:000252886100013 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, LG MacKellar, DA Ethridge, SF Zhu, JH Owen, SM Sullivan, PS AF Wesolowski, Laura G. MacKellar, Duncan A. Ethridge, Steven F. Zhu, Julia H. Owen, S. Michele Sullivan, Patrick S. CA Post Mkt Surveillance Team TI Repeat Confirmatory Testing for Persons with Discordant Whole Blood and Oral Fluid Rapid HIV Test Results: Findings from Post Marketing Surveillance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Reactive oral fluid and whole blood rapid HIV tests must be followed with a confirmatory test (Western blot (WB), immunofluorescent assay (IFA) or approved nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)). When the confirmatory result is negative or indeterminate (i.e. discordant with rapid result), repeat confirmatory testing should be conducted using a follow-up specimen. Previous reports have not described whether repeat testing adequately resolves the HIV-infection status of persons with discordant results. Methodology. Post-marketing surveillance was conducted in 368 testing sites affiliated with 14 state and 2 city health departments from August 11, 2004 to June 30, 2005 and one health department through December 31, 2005. For persons with discordant results, data were collected on demographics, risk behaviors, HIV test results and specimen types. Persons with repeat confirmatory results were classified as HIV-infected or uninfected. Regression models were created to assess risk factors for not having repeat testing. Principal Findings. Of 167,371 rapid tests conducted, 2589 (1.6%) were reactive: of these, 2417 (93%) had positive WB/IFA, 172 (7%) had negative or indeterminate WB/IFA. Of 89/172 (52%) persons with a repeat confirmatory test: 17 (19%) were HIV-infected, including 3 with indeterminate WB and positive NAAT; 72 (81%) were uninfected, including 12 with repeat indeterminate WB. Factors associated with HIV-infection included having an initial indeterminate WB/IFA (vs. negative) (p < 0.001) and having an initial oral fluid WB (vs. serum) (p, 0.001). Persons who had male-female sex (vs. male-male sex) were at increased risk for not having a repeat test [adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI (1.3, 4.9)]. Conclusions. Though only half of persons with discordant results had repeat confirmatory testing, of those who did, nearly one in five were HIV-infected. These findings underscore the need for rapid HIV testing programs to increase repeat confirmatory testing for persons with discordant results. Because of the lower sensitivity of oral fluid WBs, confirmatory testing following a reactive rapid test should be conducted using serum or plasma, when possible. C1 [Wesolowski, Laura G.; MacKellar, Duncan A.; Ethridge, Steven F.; Zhu, Julia H.; Owen, S. Michele; Sullivan, Patrick S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wesolowski, LG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig7@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FX Funding for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR e1524 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001524 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367EQ UT WOS:000260535700002 PM 18253478 ER PT J AU Thurman, DJ Stevens, JA Rao, JK AF Thurman, David J. Stevens, Judy A. Rao, Jaya K. TI Practice parameter: Assessing patients in a neurology practice for risk of falls (an evidence-based review) - Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; OLDER-PEOPLE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; ELDERLY PEOPLE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE/; PSYCHOTROPIC-DRUGS; STROKE SURVIVORS; PREDICTING FALLS; SENILE DEMENTIA; ALZHEIMER-TYPE AB Objective: To develop a practice parameter for screening methods and assessments of risk for falls pertaining to patients likely to be seen in neurology practices. Methods: Relevant literature was systematically reviewed and strength of evidence classified based on the American Academy of Neurology's criteria (Level A: established; Level B: probable; Level C: possible). Results: An increased risk of falls is established among persons with diagnoses of stroke, dementia, and disorders of gait and balance (Level A) and probable among patients with Parkinson disease, peripheral neuropathy, lower extremity weakness or sensory loss, and substantial vision loss (Level B). A history of falling in the past year strongly predicts the likelihood of future falls (Level A). Screening measures have been developed to further assess risks of falls, including functional assessments that may be useful (Levels B and C). Several of these assess overlapping neurologic functions-i. e., gait, mobility, and balance-and there is insufficient evidence to assess whether they offer benefit beyond that provided by a standard neurologic examination. Conclusions: Patients with neurologic or general conditions associated with an increased risk of falling should be asked about recent falls and further examined for the presence of specific neurologic deficits that predict falls, which include gait and balance disorders; deficits of lower extremity strength, sensation, and coordination; and cognitive impairments. If substantial risks of falls are identified, appropriate interventions that are described in other evidence-based guidelines may be considered. C1 [Thurman, David J.; Stevens, Judy A.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Stevens, Judy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thurman, DJ (reprint author), Amer Acad Neurol, 1080 Montreal Ave, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM guidelines@aan.com NR 64 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000299085.18976.20 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 258TS UT WOS:000252893000010 PM 18250292 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Roy, K AF Grosse, Scott D. Roy, Kakoli TI Long-term economic effect of early childhood nutrition SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH; WAGES C1 [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Roy, Kakoli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 2 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9610 BP 365 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60180-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 260ED UT WOS:000252992700007 PM 18242398 ER PT J AU Colindres, R Mermin, J Ezati, E Kambabazi, S Buyungo, P Sekabembe, L Baryarama, F Kitabire, F Mukasa, S Kizito, F Fitzgerald, C Quick, R AF Colindres, R. Mermin, J. Ezati, E. Kambabazi, S. Buyungo, P. Sekabembe, L. Baryarama, F. Kitabire, F. Mukasa, S. Kizito, F. Fitzgerald, C. Quick, R. TI Utilization of a basic care and prevention package by HIV-infected persons in Uganda SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; DRINKING-WATER QUALITY; TREATED BED NETS; CD4 CELL COUNT; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; SAFE STORAGE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AB Opportunistic infections are the leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected people. Several simple interventions prevent illness, prolong life, or prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected people in Africa. These include: cotrimoxazole prophylaxis; insecticide-treated bed nets; supplies for household water treatment and safe storage; materials promoting family voluntary counselling and testing (VCT); and condoms. We provided these interventions to adults and children with HIV who were members of the AIDS Support Organization in Uganda. To evaluate use of this basic care and prevention package, we surveyed a representative sample of 112 clients of TASO in their homes. Among respondents, 95% reported taking cotrimoxazole everyday, 89% said they had slept under a bednet the night before, 65% reported current treatment of household drinking water, 89% of sexually active respondents reported using condoms, and 96% reported family use of VCT. Household observations verified that use of cotrimoxazole, bednets, and water treatment products were consistent with reported use. This evaluation suggests successful distribution and use of basic care and prevention services at an AIDS organization in Uganda. C1 [Colindres, R.; Quick, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mermin, J.; Ezati, E.; Baryarama, F.; Kitabire, F.; Mukasa, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Kambabazi, S.; Buyungo, P.; Sekabembe, L.; Fitzgerald, C.] Populat Serv Int, Kampala, Uganda. [Kizito, F.] AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. RP Colindres, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM romcolindres@hotmail.com RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1080/09540120701506804 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 267JH UT WOS:000253504800001 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Anthony, MN Garland, WH Squires, KE Witt, MD Kovacs, AA Larsen, RA Valencia, R Pals, SL Hader, S Weidle, PJ Wohl, AR AF Sansom, Stephanie L. Anthony, Monique N. Garland, Wendy H. Squires, Kathleen E. Witt, Mallory D. Kovacs, Andrea A. Larsen, Robert A. Valencia, Rosa Pals, Sherri L. Hader, Shannon Weidle, Paul J. Wohl, Amy R. TI The costs of HIV Antiretroviral therapy adherence programs and impact on health care utilization SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID CASE-MANAGEMENT; INTERVENTIONS AB From a trial comparing interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy-directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) or an intensive adherence case management (IACM)-to standard of care (SOC), for HIV-infected participants at public HIV clinics in Los Angeles County, California, we examined the cost of adherence programs and associated health care utilization. We assessed differences between DAART, IACM, and SOC in the rate of hospitalizations, hospital days, and outpatient and emergency department visits during an average of 1.7 years from study enrollment, beginning November 2001. We assigned costs to health care utilization and program delivery. We calculated incremental costs of DAART or IACM v SOC, and compared those costs with savings in health care utilization among participants in the adherence programs. IACM participants experienced fewer hospital days compared with SOC (2.3 versus 6.7 days/1000 person-days, incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.34, 97.5% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.87). DAART participants had more outpatient visits than SOC (44.2 versus 31.5/1000 person-days, IRR: 1.4; 97.5% CI: 1.01-1.95). Average per-participant health care utilization costs were $13,127, $8,988, and $14,416 for DAART, IACM, and SOC, respectively. Incremental 6-month program costs were $2,120 and $1,653 for DAART and IACM participants, respectively. Subtracting savings in health care utilization from program costs resulted in an average net program cost of $831 per DAART participant; and savings of $3,775 per IACM participant. IACM was associated with a significant decrease in hospital days compared to SOC and was cost saving when program costs were compared to savings in health care utilization. C1 [Sansom, Stephanie L.; Pals, Sherri L.; Hader, Shannon; Weidle, Paul J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anthony, Monique N.] NorthropGrumman, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garland, Wendy H.; Valencia, Rosa; Wohl, Amy R.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Porgram, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Squires, Kathleen E.; Kovacs, Andrea A.; Larsen, Robert A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Witt, Mallory D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Harbor Med Ctr, Torrance, CA USA. [Wohl, Amy R.] USC, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Torrance, CA USA. RP Sansom, SL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU919440] NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.0216 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 266RY UT WOS:000253455900006 PM 18260804 ER PT J AU Warner, L Newman, DR Kamb, ML Fishbein, M Douglas, JM Zenilman, J D'Anna, L Bolan, G Rogers, J Peterman, T AF Warner, Lee Newman, Daniel R. Kamb, Mary L. Fishbein, Martin Douglas, John M., Jr. Zenilman, Jonathan D'Anna, Laura Bolan, Gail Rogers, Judy Peterman, Thomas CA Project RESPECT Study Grp TI Problems with condom use among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: Prevalence, predictors, and relation to incident gonorrhea and chlamydia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; contraceptive devices; male; gonorrhea; HIV infections; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CHEMICAL BARRIERS; LATEX CONDOMS; RISK-FACTORS; USE ERRORS; BREAKAGE; PREVENTION; SLIPPAGE AB Condom use remains important for sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. This analysis examined the prevalence of problems with condoms among 1,152 participants who completed a supplemental questionnaire as part of Project RESPECT, a counseling intervention trial conducted at five publicly funded STD clinics between 1993 and 1997. Altogether, 336 participants (41%, 95% confidence interval: 38, 45) reporting condom use indicated that condoms broke, slipped off, leaked, or were not used throughout intercourse in the previous 3 months. Correspondingly, 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 7.0, 9.5) of uses resulted in STD exposure if partners were infected because of delayed application of condoms (4.3% of uses), breakage (2.0%), early removal (1.4%), slippage (1.3%), or leakage (0.4%). Use problems were significantly associated with reporting inconsistent condom use, multiple partners, and other condom problems. One-hundred thirty participants completing the questionnaire were tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia at this time and also 3 months earlier. Twenty-one (16.2%) were infected with incident gonorrhea and chlamydia, with no infections among consistent users reporting no use problems. Exact logistic regression revealed a significant dose-response relation between increased protection from condom use and reduced gonorrhea and chlamydia risk (p(trend) = 0.032). Both consistency of use and use problems must be considered in studies of highly infectious STD to avoid underestimating condom effectiveness. C1 [Warner, Lee; Newman, Daniel R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Newman, Daniel R.; Kamb, Mary L.; Douglas, John M., Jr.; Peterman, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fishbein, Martin] Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zenilman, Jonathan] Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zenilman, Jonathan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [D'Anna, Laura] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Bolan, Gail] San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Rogers, Judy] Newark Dept Publ Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlw7@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm300 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258XH UT WOS:000252903200012 PM 17989058 ER PT J AU Epstein, MP Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Epstein, Michael P. Allen, Andrew S. Satten, Glen A. TI Untitled - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID STRATIFICATION; POPULATION C1 [Epstein, Michael P.] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Epstein, MP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mepstein@genetics.emory.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.010 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 263NN UT WOS:000253223900026 ER PT J AU Fang, J Alderman, MH Keenan, NL Ayala, C Croft, JB AF Fang, Jing Alderman, Michael H. Keenan, Nora L. Ayala, Carma Croft, Janet B. TI Hypertension control at physicians' offices in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; CARE; POPULATION; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; OUTCOMES; THERAPY; TRIAL AB BACKGROUND Uncontrolled hypertension is a common and important risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Nevertheless, the control rate among patients taking prescribed medication and/or therapeutic lifestyle modification has remained about the same for the past several decades. METHODS We analyzed 2003 and 2004 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data to determine hypertension control in the physician offices in the United States, All visits for hypertension with measured blood pressure levels were included in the analyses. Survey weights were applied to obtain national estimates. Characteristics associated with hypertension control status were identified. RESULTS About 176 million hypertension-related office visits occurred (9.7% of total office visits) during 2003 and 2004. Of these, 17,44, and 62% of visits had blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, 140/90mm Hg, and 145/95 mm Hg, respectively. The likelihood of hypertension control (<140/90 mm Hg) was associated with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (odds ratio (OR) 1.54,95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.01-2.35), visits with increased serum cholesterol (OR = 1.34,95% CI = 1.09-1.65), visits with patients' primary care physician vs. those with non-primary care physicians (OR = 1.49,95% CI = 1.05-2.10), and visits with internists (OR = 1.32,95% CI = 1.05-1.67) or cardiologists (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.471) vs. those with family physicians. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and prescription of types of anti hypertensive medicine were not associated with hypertension control in office visits. CONCLUSIONS The hypertension control rate of 44% in US office visits leaves substantial room for improvement. A strong emphasis on improving hypertension management is needed to reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality. C1 [Fang, Jing; Keenan, Nora L.; Ayala, Carma; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Alderman, Michael H.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1038/ajh.2007.35 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 254XR UT WOS:000252621800009 PM 18188159 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Hughes, JP Wright, JD McDowell, MA Louis, T AF Ostchega, Yechiam Hughes, Jeffery P. Wright, Jacqueline D. McDowell, Margaret A. Louis, Tatiana TI Are demographic characteristics, health care access and utilization, and comorbid conditions associated with hypertension among US adults? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION; CLINICAL GUIDELINES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MANAGEMENT; AWARENESS; POPULATION; OLD; PREVENTION AB BACKGROUND Little is known about the factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control.We examined the association of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, risk factors, health care access and utilization, and hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004, a continuous, annual survey of the civilian non-institutionalized US population. The sample comprised 4,816 hypertensive persons aged 20+ years. RESULTS Adults >= 60years were more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension compared with adults 40-59 years old (60-69 years old: odds ratio (OR) 1.69, confidence interval (CI) 1.31-2.17; 80+ years old: OR 3.56, Cl 2.42-5.25, respectively). Compared to men, women were more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension (OR 1.29, CI 1.01-1.64). When compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension (OR 1.40, CI 1.10-1.79). Diabetes and Poverty Income Ratio (PIR) classification of <1 were associated with increased likelihood of uncontrolled hypertension (OR 2.69, CI 1.99-3.63; OR 1.68, CI 1.19-2.37; respectively). Persons without health insurance had higher odds of being untreated when compared with insured persons (OR 2.38, CI 1.71-3.32). Younger age (20-39 years), lack of risk factors for hypertension and less health care were associated with increased odds of being unaware of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled hypertension is more likely among women, older persons (>= 60 years), non-Hispanic blacks, the poor, and diabetics. Hypertension awareness and treatment is lower among the young (20-39 years), the uninsured, individuals reporting fewer health risk factors, and adults with less exposure and utilization of health care. C1 [Ostchega, Yechiam; Hughes, Jeffery P.; Wright, Jacqueline D.; McDowell, Margaret A.; Louis, Tatiana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1038/ajh.2007.32 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 254XR UT WOS:000252621800013 PM 18188162 ER PT J AU Kissin, DM Akatova, N Rakhmanova, AG Vinogradova, EN Voronin, EE Jamieson, DJ Glynn, MK Yakovlev, A Robinson, J Miller, WC Hillis, S AF Kissin, Dmitry M. Akatova, Natalia Rakhmanova, Aza G. Vinogradova, Elena N. Voronin, Evgeny E. Jamieson, Denise J. Glynn, M. Kathleen Yakovlev, Alexey Robinson, Joanna Miller, William C. Hillis, Susan TI Rapid HIV testing and prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in high-risk maternity hospitals in St. Petersburg, Russia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 05-09, 2006 CL Denver, CO DE nevirapine; prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission; rapid HIV testing ID PREGNANCY; UGANDA; HEALTH; LABOR AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing (RT) program. STUDY DESIGN: From April 13, 2004, to April 13, 2005, pregnant women at 2 high-risk maternity hospitals with no or incomplete HIV testing results (negative tests at <34 weeks, none thereafter) were offered point-of-care RT, with antiretroviral prophylaxis for RT-positive women and their infants. RESULTS: Overall, 89.2% of eligible women (3671/4117) underwent RT, of whom 90.4% received results before delivery. HIV seroprevalence among all women who underwent RT was 2.7% (100/3671 women); among previously untested women, seroprevalence was 6.5% 90/1375 women); the incidence of HIV seroconversion among women with previous negative tests during pregnancy was 0.4% (10/2296 women). After adjustment, the main predictor of receiving RT results after delivery was late admission. Among HIV-exposed infants, 97.9% (92/94) received prophylaxis; 61.7% (58/94) had available follow-up data, and 8.6% (5/58) met criteria for definitive or presumptive HIV infection. CONCLUSION: The RT program achieved timely detection of HIV-infected women in labor with unknown HIV status and effectively prevented perinatal HIV transmission. C1 [Kissin, Dmitry M.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Glynn, M. Kathleen; Hillis, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Akatova, Natalia] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn Implementat Gran, St Petersburg, Russia. [Rakhmanova, Aza G.] City Hlth Comm, St Petersburg, Russia. [Vinogradova, Elena N.] City AIDS Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. [Voronin, Evgeny E.] Republican Hosp, Infect Dis Clin AIDS Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. [Yakovlev, Alexey] Botkin Hosp Infect Dis, St Petersburg, Russia. [Robinson, Joanna] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Miller, William C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kissin, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKissin@cdc.gov RI Miller, William/H-4800-2014; Yakovlev, Alexey/H-2748-2015 OI Miller, William/0000-0002-1934-7827; Yakovlev, Alexey/0000-0003-4163-5769 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2 AR 183.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.09.005 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 268NU UT WOS:000253587300012 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, NF Beckman, M Owens, S Ayers, C Bachmann, G AF Philipp, Claire S. Faiz, Ambarina Dowling, Nicole F. Beckman, Michele Owens, Sally Ayers, Charletta Bachmann, Gloria TI Development of a screening tool for identifying women with menorrhagia for hemostatic evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bleeding disorders; menorrhagia; screening tool ID VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; MULTICENTER; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS AB OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to develop a short, easy to administer screening tool useful for stratifying women with unexplained menorrhagia for hemostatic testing for underlying bleeding disorders. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred forty-six women with a physician diagnosis of menorrhagia underwent comprehensive hemostatic testing for the diagnosis of bleeding disorders, including von Willebrand disease, platelet dysfunction, and coagulation factor deficiencies. A 12 page questionnaire of bleeding symptoms was administered. Bleeding symptoms with high predictive values for laboratory hemostatic abnormalities were combined and used as single variables to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in order to develop a short screening tool to identify females for testing and evaluation. RESULTS: A combination of 8 questions in 4 categories resulted in a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 75-90) for bleeding disorders. Adding a pictorial blood assessment chart score > 100 increased the sensitivity of the screening tool to 95% ( 95% CI 91-99). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the feasibility of a simple questionnaire based screening tool to identify females for testing and evaluation for bleeding disorders. C1 [Philipp, Claire S.; Faiz, Ambarina] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ayers, Charletta; Bachmann, Gloria] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Bachmann, Gloria] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Womens Hlth Inst, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Dowling, Nicole F.; Beckman, Michele; Owens, Sally] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Philipp, CS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, Dept Med, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl,MEB Rm 378, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM philipp@umdnj.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2 AR 163.el DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.070 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 268NU UT WOS:000253587300004 ER PT J AU Breiding, MJ Black, MC Ryan, GW AF Breiding, Matthew J. Black, Michele C. Ryan, George W. TI Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence in eighteen US states/territories, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIGIT-DIAL SURVEYS; INJURY PREVENTION; NONRESPONSE; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to have serious health consequences for both women and men, including poor general health, depressive symptoms, substance use, and elevated rates of chronic disease. Aside from crime surveys, there have been no large-scale IPV prevalence studies since the 1996 National Violence Against Women Survey. The lack of regular, ongoing surveillance, using uniform definitions and survey methods across states has hindered efforts to track IPV. In addition, the lack of state-specific data has hampered efforts at designing and evaluating localized IPV prevention programs. Methods: In 2005, over 70,000 respondents were administered the first-ever IPV module within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored annual random-digit-dialed telephone survey, providing surveillance of health behaviors and health risks among the non-institutionalized adult population of the United States and several U.S. territories. Results: Approximately 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men reported some form of lifetime IPV victimization. Women evidenced significantly higher lifetime and 12-month IPV prevalence, and were more likely to report IPV-related injury than men. IPV prevalence also varied by state of residence, race/ethnicity, age, income, and education. Conclusions: State-level data can assist state health officials and policy planners to better understand how many people have experienced IPV in their state. Such information provides a foundation on which to build prevention efforts directed toward this pervasive public health problem. C1 [Breiding, Matthew J.; Black, Michele C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Breiding, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ryan, George W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Breiding, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbreiding@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.10.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 256VP UT WOS:000252758300004 PM 18201640 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Swahn, M Hall, DM Haileyesus, T AF Whitaker, Daniel J. Swahn, Monica Hall, Diane M. Haileyesus, Tadesse TI Whitaker et al. respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; GENDER; RISK C1 [Whitaker, Daniel J.; Hall, Diane M.; Haileyesus, Tadesse] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Swahn, Monica] Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dwhitaker@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009; Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885; NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 198 EP 199 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.126045 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257XU UT WOS:000252833400004 ER PT J AU Hodge, JG Pulver, A Hogben, M Bhattacharya, D Brown, EF AF Hodge, James G., Jr. Pulver, Amy Hogben, Matthew Bhattacharya, Dhrubajyoti Brown, Erin Fuse TI Expedited partner therapy for sexually transmitted disease: Assessing the legal environment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS AB An emerging alternative to traditional partner management for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is expedited partner therapy (EPT), which involves the delivery of medications or prescriptions to STD patients for their partners without the clinical assessment of the partners. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently recommended EPT nationally in limited circumstances; however, its implementation may raise legal concerns. We analyzed laws relevant to the distribution of medications to persons with whom clinicians have not personally treated or established a relationship. We determined that three fourths of states or territories either expressly permit EPT or do not expressly prohibit the practice. We recommend (1) expressly endorsing EPT through laws, (2) creating exceptions to existing prescription requirements, (3) increasing professional board or association support for EPT, and (4) supporting third-party payments for partners' medications. C1 [Hodge, James G., Jr.; Bhattacharya, Dhrubajyoti; Brown, Erin Fuse] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Pulver, Amy; Hogben, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hodge, JG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Hampton House,Rm 588,624 N Broad Way, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jhodge@jhsph.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU323385-02] NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.113381 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257XU UT WOS:000252833400013 PM 18172137 ER PT J AU Farrelly, MC Pechacek, TF Thomas, KY Nelson, D AF Farrelly, Matthew C. Pechacek, Terry F. Thomas, Kristin Y. Nelson, David TI The impact of tobacco control programs on adult smoking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LUNG-CANCER; CONSUMPTION; CALIFORNIA; VALIDITY; EXPOSURE AB Objectives. We examined whether state tobacco control programs are effective in reducing the prevalence of adult smoking. Methods. We used state survey data on smoking from 1985 to 2003 in a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between cumulative state antitobacco program expenditures and changes in adult smoking prevalence, after we controlled for confounding. Results. From 1985 to 2003, national adult smoking prevalence declined from 29.5% to 18.6% (P<.001). Increases in state per capita tobacco control program expenditures were independently associated with declines in prevalence. Program expenditures were more effective in reducing smoking prevalence among adults aged 25 or older than for adults aged 18 to 24 years, whereas cigarette prices had a stronger effect on adults aged 18 to 24 years. If, starting in 1995, all states had funded their tobacco control programs at the minimum or optimal levels recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there would have been 2.2 million to 7.1 million fewer smokers by 2003. Conclusions. State tobacco control program expenditures are independently associated with overall reductions in adult smoking prevalence. C1 [Farrelly, Matthew C.; Thomas, Kristin Y.] RTI Int, Div Publ Hlth & Environm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Farrelly, Matthew C.] RTI UNC Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Pechacek, Terry F.; Nelson, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farrelly, MC (reprint author), RTI Int, Div Publ Hlth & Environm, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mcf@rti.org NR 41 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.106377 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257XU UT WOS:000252833400024 PM 18172148 ER PT J AU Li, R Zhang, P Narayan, KMV AF Li, Rui Zhang, Ping Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Self-monitoring of blood glucose before and after medicare expansion among medicare beneficiaries with diabetes who do not use insulin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; SERVICES; CARE; COMPLICATIONS; BENEFITS; RISK; LAWS AB Objectives. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 authorized Medicare to expand the coverage of glucose monitors and strips to non-insulin users with diabetes and self-management training to non-hospital-based programs. We examined the impact of this expansion on self-monitoring of blood glucose among Medicare beneficiaries who were not using insulin to treat their diabetes. Methods. With data from the 1996-2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and a logistic regression model using a complex survey design, we compared the probability of self-monitoring of blood glucose among Medicare beneficiaries at the frequency recommended by the American Academy of Family Physicians' clinical guidelines before and after the Medicare expansion. We also compared the change in the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose during these periods between Medicare beneficiaries and persons with private insurance by using a difference-in-difference model. Results. Medicare expansion was positively associated with the probability of self-monitoring of blood glucose for both Medicare beneficiaries and persons with private insurance; the magnitude was between 7.1 and 16.6 percentage points. Conclusions. The Medicare expansion effectively increased the frequency of the recommended self-monitoring of blood glucose in the Medicare population. C1 [Li, Rui; Zhang, Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford hwy NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rli2@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.112185 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257XU UT WOS:000252833400032 PM 18172142 ER PT J AU Karter, AJ Stevens, MR Gregg, EW Brown, AF Tseng, CW Marrero, DG Duru, OK Gary, TL Piette, JD Waitzfelder, B Herman, WH Beckles, GL Safford, MM Ettner, SL AF Karter, Andrew J. Stevens, Mark R. Gregg, Edward W. Brown, Arleen F. Tseng, Chien-Wen Marrero, David G. Duru, O. Kenrik Gary, Tiffany L. Piette, John D. Waitzfelder, Beth Herman, William H. Beckles, Gloria L. Safford, Monika M. Ettner, Susan L. TI Educational disparities in rates of smoking among diabetic adults: The translating research into action for diabetes study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RISK FACTOR; CESSATION; MELLITUS; MORTALITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE; SMOKERS AB Objectives. We assessed educational disparities in smoking rates among adults with diabetes in managed care settings. Methods. We used a cross-sectional, survey-based (2002-2003) observational study among 6538 diabetic patients older than 25 years across multiple managed care health plans and states. For smoking at each level of self-reported educational attainment, predicted probabilities were estimated by means of hierarchical logistic regression models with random intercepts for health plan, adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Overall, 15% the participants reported current smoking. An educational gradient in smoking was observed that varied significantly (P<.003) across age groups, with the educational gradient being strong in those aged 25 to 44 years, modest in those aged 45 to 64 years, and nonexistent in those aged 65 years or older. Of particular note, the prevalence of smoking observed in adults aged 25-44 years with less than a high school education was 50% (95% confidence interval: 36% to 63%). Conclusions. Approximately half of poorly educated young adults with diabetes smoke, magnifying the health risk associated with early-onset diabetes. Targeted public health interventions for smoking prevention and cessation among young, poorly educated people with diabetes are needed. C1 [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stevens, Mark R.; Gregg, Edward W.; Beckles, Gloria L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stevens, Mark R.; Gregg, Edward W.; Beckles, Gloria L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Arleen F.; Duru, O. Kenrik; Ettner, Susan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Brown, Arleen F.; Duru, O. Kenrik; Ettner, Susan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen; Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Marrero, David G.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Gary, Tiffany L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Piette, John D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Piette, John D.] Ann Arbor Vett Affairs Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Herman, William H.] Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Birmingham Vet Adm Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness, Birmingham, AL USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Karter, AJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Boradway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Andy.j.Karter@kp.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD046113-02, R01 HD046113-01, R01 HD046113, R01 HD046113-03, R01 HD046113-04]; PHS HHS [U-48-CCU916373] NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083501 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257XU UT WOS:000252833400033 PM 17600269 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Courval, JM Onorato, I Agerton, T Gibson, JD Lambert, L McQuillan, GM Lewis, B Navin, TR Castro, KG AF Bennett, Diane E. Courval, Jeanne M. Onorato, Ida Agerton, Tracy Gibson, Judy D. Lambert, Lauren McQuillan, Geraldine M. Lewis, Brenda Navin, Thomas R. Castro, Kenneth G. TI Prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the United States population - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis infection; tuberculin test; epidemiology; United States ID HOMELESS AB Rationale The goal for tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the United States is a TB disease incidence of less than 1 per million U.S. population by 2010, which requires that the latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence be less than 1% and decreasing. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of LTBI in the U.S. population. Methods and Measurements: Interviews and medical examinations, including tuberculin skin testing (TST), of 7,386 individuals were conducted in 1999-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. LTBI was defined as a TST measurement of >= 10 mm. Associations of age, race/ethnicity, sex, poverty, and birthplace were assessed. Results among the 24- to 74-year-old subgroup were compared with NHANES 1971-1972 data. Measurements and Main Results: Estimated LTBI prevalence was 4.2%; an estimated 11,213,000 individuals had LTBI. Among 25- to 74-year-olds, prevalence decreased from 14.3% in 1971-1972 to 5.7% in 1999-2000. Higher prevalences were seen in the foreign born (18.7%), non-Hispanic blacks/African Americans (7.0%), Mexican Americans (9.4%), and individuals living in poverty (6.1%). A total of 63% of LTBI was among the foreign born. Among the U.S. born, after adjusting for confounding factors, LTBI was associated with non-Hispanic African-American race/ethnicity, Mexican American ethnicity, and poverty. A total of 25.5% of persons with LTBI had been previously diagnosed as having LTBI or TB, and only 13.2% had been prescribed treatment. Conclusions: In addition to basic TB control measures, elimination strategies should include targeted evaluation and treatment of individuals in high-prevalence groups, as well as enhanced support for global TB prevention and control. C1 [Bennett, Diane E.; Onorato, Ida; Gibson, Judy D.; Lambert, Lauren; Navin, Thomas R.; Castro, Kenneth G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Courval, Jeanne M.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [McQuillan, Geraldine M.; Lewis, Brenda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tnavin@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1164/rccm.200701-057OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 255IC UT WOS:000252650600017 PM 17989346 ER PT J AU Talbot, JT Viall, A Direny, A de Rochars, MB Addiss, D Streit, T Mathieu, E Lammie, PJ AF Talbot, Jeffrey T. Viall, Abigail Direny, Abdel de Rochars, Madsen Beau Addiss, David Streit, Thomas Mathieu, Els Lammie, Patrick J. TI Predictors of compliance in mass drug administration for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM; INDIA; TRANSMISSION; ELIMINATION; PREVALENCE AB The global strategy for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) to interrupt transmission. Noncompliance with MDA represents a serious programmatic obstacle for the LF program because systematically noncompliant individuals may serve as a reservoir for the parasite and permit recrudescence of infection. Using a survey questionnaire concerning practices, beliefs, and attitudes towards MDA, we assessed differences between noncompliant individuals and compliant individuals in Leogane, Haiti (n = 367) after four years of treatment. A logistic regression model showed the odds of being noncompliant were significantly increased for women (odds ratio = 2.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-6.70), as well as for people who lacked knowledge about both LF and programs to eliminate infection. Public health programs should be designed to target people who are at risk for systematic noncompliance. C1 [Mathieu, Els; Lammie, Patrick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Talbot, Jeffrey T.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Biostat & AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Viall, Abigail] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Addiss, David] Fetzer Inst, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. [Direny, Abdel; de Rochars, Madsen Beau] Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. [Streit, Thomas] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Global Hlth, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pjl1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 259VP UT WOS:000252969300023 PM 18256430 ER PT J AU Halkitis, PN Moeller, RW Siconolfi, DE Jerome, RC Rogers, M Schillinger, J AF Halkitis, Perry N. Moeller, Robert W. Siconolfi, Daniel E. Jerome, Roy C. Rogers, Meighan Schillinger, Julia TI Methamphetamine and poly-substance use among gym-attending men who have sex with men in New York City SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE methamphetamine; barebacking; conceptions of masculinity; poly-drug use ID HIV-POSITIVE MEN; DRUG-USE; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE; CIRCUIT PARTIES; RISK BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; TRANSMISSION; EXPLANATIONS AB Background Methamphetamine and other drug use has been documented among men who have sex with men (MSM). Patterns of use may be influenced by point of recruitment into these studies. Purpose The aim of this study is to describe patterns of methamphetamine and other drug use and to delineate psychosocial and demographic factors which accompany these patterns of use in a sample of MSM attending gyms in New York City. Methods Active recruitment strategies were implemented to ascertain a sample of 311 MSM. Participants completed a one-time survey regarding both health risks and health promotion. Results Methamphetamine use in the last 6 months was reported by 23.8% of men. Inhalation and smoking were the most common modes of administration, and 84% of men reported more than one mode of use. Study participants also indicated a variety of other substances used, including but not limited to alcohol, inhalant nitrates, and 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Compared to nonusers, methamphetamine users were more likely to report being black or Latino, depressed, HIV-positive, perceiving more benefits of unprotected sex, and understanding masculinity in sexual terms. Conclusions These data suggest that health-risk behaviors are common among MSM who are regularly using a gym and are indicative of the complexities of health issues for this segment of the population. C1 [Halkitis, Perry N.; Moeller, Robert W.; Siconolfi, Daniel E.; Jerome, Roy C.] CUNY, Steinhardt Sch Culture Educ & Human Dev, Ctr Hlth Ident Behav & Prevent Studies, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rogers, Meighan; Schillinger, Julia] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Rogers, Meighan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schillinger, Julia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Halkitis, PN (reprint author), CUNY, Steinhardt Sch Culture Educ & Human Dev, Ctr Hlth Ident Behav & Prevent Studies, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM pnh1@nyu.edu NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s12160-007-9005-8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 268IQ UT WOS:000253573900005 PM 18347903 ER EF