FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gillum, RF King, DE Obisesan, TO Koenig, HG AF Gillum, R. F. King, Dana E. Obisesan, Thomas O. Koenig, Harold G. TI Frequency of attendance at religious services and mortality in a US national cohort SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 16-20, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE aging; cultural factors; epidemiologic methods; mortality; religion; spirituality ID SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; FOLLOW-UP; SPIRITUAL ISSUES; ADULT MORTALITY; OLDER-ADULTS; HEALTH; INVOLVEMENT; SURVIVAL; SUPPORT; ASSOCIATION AB OBJECTIVE: Few nationally representative cohort studies have appeared on frequency of attendance at religious services and mortality. We test the hypothesis that > weekly attendance compared with nonattendance at religious services is associated with lower probability of future mortality in such a study. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a longitudinal follow-up study of 8450 American men and women age 40 years and older who were examined from 1988 to 1994 and followed an average of 8.5 years. Measurements at baseline included self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services, sociodemographics, and health, physical and biochemical measurements. RESULTS: Death during follow-up occurred in 2058. After adjusting for confounding by baseline sociodemographics and health status, the hazards ratios (95% confidence limits) were never 1.00 (reference); < weekly 0.89 (0.75-1-04), P = 0.15; weekly 0.82 (0-71-0.94) p = 0.005; and > weekly attenders 0.70 (0.59-0.83), p < 0.001. Mediators, including health behaviors and inflammation, explained part of the association. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationwide cohort of Americans, predominantly Christians, analyses demonstrated a lower risk of death independent of confounders among those reporting religious attendance at least weekly compared to never. The association was substantially mediated by health behaviors and other risk factors. C1 [Gillum, R. F.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [King, Dana E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Obisesan, Thomas O.] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Koenig, Harold G.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6323, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov RI Koenig, Harold/F-7379-2011; OI King, Dana/0000-0001-5494-3467 FU NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG000980, K23 AG000980-05, AG00980] NR 50 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256VS UT WOS:000252758600007 PM 18083539 ER PT J AU Haddad, MB Porucznik, CA Joyce, KE De, AK Pavia, AT Rolfs, RT Byington, CL AF Haddad, Maryam B. Porucznik, Christina A. Joyce, Kerry E. De, Anindya K. Pavia, Andrew T. Rolfs, Robert T. Byington, Carrie L. TI Risk factors for pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the intermountain West, 1996-2002 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; Streptococcus pneumoniae; immunization; utah ID POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; PARAPNEUMONIC EMPYEMA; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; INFANTS; IMPACT; SURVEILLANCE AB PURPOSE: In response to concerns that the epidemiology of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Intermountain West (i.e., Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, and parts of Arizona and Nevada) was poorly understood and might differ from elsewhere in the United States, a case-control study was undertaken to determine factors associated with IPD during 1996-2002. METHODS: A telephone questionnaire was administered to parents of children comprising 120 cases identified through hospital records and to parents of 156 age-matched controls located by random-digit di- aling. The unit of analysis was each matched case-control set. RESULTS: Underlying chronic illness was reported for 32 (27%) of the cases. For previously healthy children, breastfeeding had a protective benefit (adjusted odds ratio: 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6), while a history of tympanostomy tube surgery was a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio: 12.6; 95% Cl, 1.5-107.3). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an underlying chronic illness was the strongest risk factor for IPD. Except for a history of tympanostomy tube surgery, the factors associated with IPD in this investigation were similar to those reported from other geographic regions. Tympanostomy surgery might serve as a surrogate indicator for predisposition to recurrent otitis media or decreased ability to clear pneumococcal infection, raising risk for invasive disease. Pediatric clinicians should continue to encourage breastfeeding, and continued emphasis on pneumococcal vaccination should help prevent IPD. C1 [Haddad, Maryam B.; Porucznik, Christina A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haddad, Maryam B.; Porucznik, Christina A.; Rolfs, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Utah Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pavia, Andrew T.; Byington, Carrie L.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Pavia, Andrew T.; Byington, Carrie L.] Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Joyce, Kerry E.] Univ Durham, Sch Hlth, Wolfson Res Inst, Durham, England. RP Haddad, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maryam.haddad@cdc.hhs.gov OI Byington, Carrie/0000-0002-7350-9495 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.09.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256VS UT WOS:000252758600009 PM 18191761 ER PT J AU Zhu, WM Clark, NC McDougal, LK Hageman, J McDonald, LC Patel, JB AF Zhu, Wenming Clark, Nancye C. McDougal, Linda K. Hageman, Jeffery McDonald, L. Clifford Patel, Jean B. TI Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with Inc18-like vanA plasmids in Michigan SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PHEROMONE RESPONSE PLASMID; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; SEX-PHEROMONE; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; FAECALIS; SEQUENCE; GENE; PENNSYLVANIA AB Five of the seven cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection identified to date have occurred in southeastern Michigan. VRSA isolates from the four most recent cases (all from Michigan) were characterized. The vanA gene was localized to a single plasmid in each VRSA isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomal DNA and the restriction profile of the plasmid demonstrated that the four isolates were unique and differed from the first three VRSA isolates. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates, all of which were Enterococcus faecalis, were recovered from case patients 4 to 6. Each VRE isolate transferred vancomycin resistance to E. faecalis JH2-2 by conjugation. PCRs for vanA and the Inc18-like plasmid genes traA and rep-R confirmed the presence of an Inc18-like vanA plasmid in all VRE isolates and transconjugants. An Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate from case patient 7. These i findings suggest a role of Inc18-like plasmids as vanA donors. C1 [Zhu, Wenming; Clark, Nancye C.; McDougal, Linda K.; Hageman, Jeffery; McDonald, L. Clifford; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vzp4@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1128/AAC.00908-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256JN UT WOS:000252724800010 PM 18056272 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Griffing, SM de Oliveira, AM McCollum, AM Quezada, WM Arrospide, N Escalante, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Zhou, Zhiyong Griffing, Sean M. de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo McCollum, Andrea M. Quezada, Wilmer Marquino Arrospide, Nancy Escalante, Ananias A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Decline in sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant alleles after change in drug policy in the amazon region of Peru SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE USE; EFFICACY; PREVALENCE; MEFLOQUINE; CESSATION; MALAWI AB The frequency of alleles with triple mutations conferring sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in the Peruvian Amazon Basin has declined (16.9% for dhfr and 0% for dhps compared to 47% for both alleles in 1997) 5 years after SP was replaced as the first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Microsatellite analysis showed that the dhfr and dhps alleles are of common origin. C1 [Zhou, Zhiyong; Griffing, Sean M.; de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo; McCollum, Andrea M.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCZVED,CCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhou, Zhiyong; McCollum, Andrea M.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Griffing, Sean M.; McCollum, Andrea M.] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Quezada, Wilmer Marquino; Arrospide, Nancy] Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCZVED,CCID, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov OI ARROSPIDE, NANCY/0000-0001-5031-5850 NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 739 EP 741 DI 10.1128/AAC.00975-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256JN UT WOS:000252724800052 PM 18025120 ER PT J AU Yigit, H Queenan, AM Anderson, GJ Domenech-Sanchez, A Biddle, JW Steward, CD Alberti, S Bush, K Tenover, FC AF Yigit, Hesna Queenan, Anne Marie Anderson, Gregory J. Domenech-Sanchez, Antonio Biddle, James W. Steward, Christine D. Alberti, Sebastian Bush, Karen Tenover, Fred C. TI Novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (vol 45, pg 1151, 2001) SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Correction C1 [Yigit, Hesna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RW Johnson Pharmaceut Res Inst, Raritan, NJ 08869 USA. Hosp Son Dureta, Unidad Invest, Palma de Mallorca 07014, Spain. Univ Islas Balearus, Area Microbiol, Palma de Mallorca 07071, Spain. RP Yigit, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Alberti, Sebastian/H-2490-2013 OI Alberti, Sebastian/0000-0003-0020-6861 NR 1 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 809 EP 809 DI 10.1128/AAC.01445-07 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256JN UT WOS:000252724800074 ER PT J AU Glanz, K Yaroch, AL Dancel, M Saraiya, M Crane, LA Buller, DB Manne, S O'Riordan, DL Heckman, CJ Hay, J Robinson, JK AF Glanz, Karen Yaroch, Amy L. Dancel, Monica Saraiya, Mona Crane, Lori A. Buller, David B. Manne, Sharon O'Riordan, David L. Heckman, Carolyn J. Hay, Jennifer Robinson, June K. TI Measures of sun exposure and sun protection practices for behavioral and epidemiologic research SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SUNBURN; CANCER; ADULTS; TRENDS AB Objective: To develop, in a collaborative project, core measures of sun exposure and sun protection habits, since the lack of standard outcome measures hampers comparison of population surveys and interventions used in skin cancer prevention research. Design: A work group of investigators evaluated available questionnaire measures of sun exposure and protection. Their deliberations led to a proposed set of core questionnaire items for adults, adolescents aged 11 to 17 years, and children 10 years or younger. These core items were used in cognitive testing by the investigators. Cross-site summaries of methods, response samples, and descriptive data were prepared. Setting: Nine locations across the United States. Participants: The study population comprised 81 individuals. Results: No unusual response patterns were detected in any of the respondent groups or for any specific question. Some revisions to the survey items resulted from the need for clarification or emphasis of frames of reference such as adding or underlining key phrases in a question. Conclusions: The combination of expert review followed by cognitive interviewing yielded standardized core survey items with good clarity and applicability for measuring sun exposure and sun protection behaviors across a broad range of populations. They are appropriate for studies tracking morbidity and/ or mortality and evaluating prevention program effects. C1 [Glanz, Karen; Dancel, Monica] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Yaroch, Amy L.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crane, Lori A.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Buller, David B.] Klein Buendel Inc, Golden, CO USA. [Manne, Sharon; Heckman, Carolyn J.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [Hay, Jennifer] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Robinson, June K.] Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia. RP Glanz, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 530, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kglanz@sph.emory.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA006927] NR 20 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 144 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1001/archdermatol.2007.46 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 262RE UT WOS:000253164900010 PM 18283179 ER PT J AU Rasch, EK Hochberg, MC Magder, L Magaziner, J Altman, BM AF Rasch, Elizabeth K. Hochberg, Marc C. Magder, Larry Magaziner, Jay Altman, Barbara M. TI Health of community-dwelling adults with mobility limitations in the United States: Prevalent health conditions. Part I SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 133rd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY DEC 10-14, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE comorbidity; persons with disabilities; public health; rehabilitation ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; SECONDARY CONDITIONS; PHYSICAL-DISABILITIES; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; MULTICENTER ANALYSIS; BRAIN-INJURY; POPULATION; COMPLICATIONS; COMORBIDITY; MORBIDITY AB Objective: To characterize the extent and types of prevalent health conditions among nationally representative groups of adults with mobility, nonmobility, and no limitations. Design: Data were collected during 5 rounds of household interviews from a probability subsample of households that represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. Population. With some exceptions, round 1 variables were used for this analysis. Setting: Community. Participants: Data were analyzed on the same respondents from the 1996 to 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and the 1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement. Respondents were categorized into 3 groups for analysis: those with mobility limitations, nonmobility limitations: and no limitations. The analytic sample 'included 13,897 MEPS adults (>= 18y). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Number, types, and prevalence of self-reported health conditions compared across groups. Results: On average. adults with mobility limitations had significantly more prevalent conditions (3.6) than those with nonmobility limitations (2.4), or no limitations (1.3). Greater comorbidity existed in the context of fewer personal resources and more than half of adults with mobility limitations were working age. Conclusions: Determining factors that influence the health of adults with mobility limitations is a critical public health issue. C1 [Rasch, Elizabeth K.] NIH, Dept Rehabil Med, Clin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hochberg, Marc C.; Magder, Larry; Magaziner, Jay] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Altman, Barbara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Rasch, EK (reprint author), NIH, Dept Rehabil Med, Clin Res Ctr, Bldg 10,Room 1469,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1604, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM RaschE@cc.nih.gov NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.146 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 260OD UT WOS:000253018700003 PM 18226643 ER PT J AU Rasch, EK Magder, L Hochberg, MC Magaziner, J Altman, BM AF Rasch, Elizabeth K. Magder, Larry Hochberg, Marc C. Magaziner, Jay Altman, Barbara M. TI Health of community-dwelling adults with mobility limitations in the United States: Incidence of secondary health conditions. Part II SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 133rd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY DEC 10-14, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE disabled persons; mobility limitations; incidence; public health; rehabilitation ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; PHYSICAL-DISABILITIES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS; MULTICENTER ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BRAIN-INJURY; POPULATION; WOMEN; RISK AB Objective: To compare incident health conditions that occurred over a 2-year period in nationally representative groups of adults with mobility, nonmobility, and no limitations. Design: Data were collected prospectively from a probability subsample of households that represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Setting: Five rounds of household interviews were conducted over 2 years. Participants: Data were analyzed on the same respondents from the 1996-1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and the 1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement. Respondents were categorized into 3 groups for analysis; those with mobility limitations, nonmobility limitations, and no limitations. The analytic sample included 12,302 MEPS adults (>= 18y). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Number, types, and 2-year incidence of self-reported health conditions compared across groups. Results: The mean number of incident conditions (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) over the 2-year period was greatest in adults with mobility limitations (mean, 4.7; 95% CI, 4.4-4.9) compared with those with nonmobility limitations (mean, 3.9; 95% CI, 3.7-4.2) or no limitations (mean, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.5-2.7). Incident conditions affected most major body systems. Conclusions: Because secondary conditions are potentially preventable, determining factors that influence their occurrence is an important public health issue requiring specific action. C1 [Rasch, Elizabeth K.] NCI, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Magder, Larry; Hochberg, Marc C.; Magaziner, Jay] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Altman, Barbara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Rasch, EK (reprint author), NCI, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, Bldg 10,Room 1469,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1604, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM RaschE@cc.nih.gov NR 66 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.159 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 260OD UT WOS:000253018700004 PM 18226644 ER PT J AU Hammond, DM Dvonch, JT Keeler, GJ Parker, EA Kamal, AS Barres, JA Yip, FY Brakefield-Caldwell, W AF Hammond, Davyda M. Dvonch, J. Timothy Keeler, Gerald J. Parker, Edith A. Kamal, All S. Barres, James A. Yip, Fuyuen Y. Brakefield-Caldwell, Wilma TI Sources of ambient fine particulate matter at two community sites in Detroit, Michigan SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE receptor modeling; positive matrix factorization; PM2.5; trace elements ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ORGANIC-CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; DIESEL; COMBUSTION; CHILDREN AB Detroit, Michigan is a non-attainment area of the annual PM2.5 (particles <= 2.5 mu m in diameter) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and contains a host of local pollution contributors including high diesel traffic from a nearby international border crossing. A source apportionment analysis was conducted using PM2.5 data collected from 1999 to 2002 by the Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) project in Detroit, Michigan. CAAA used a community-based participatory research approach to identify and address the environmental triggers for asthma among children residing in southwest and east Detroit. The data used for the study included 24-h measurements Of PM2.5 mass, elemental and organic carbon, and a suite of trace element species, along with hourly measurements Of PM2.5 mass and black carbon. Positive matrix factorization (PMF2) was used to quantitatively apportion the sources of ambient PM2.5 at each of two Detroit community sites. Results showed that southwest Detroit PM2.5 levels can be apportioned to seven source categories: secondary sulfate/coal combustion, gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, refinery/oil combustion, iron-steel manufacturing/waste incineration, automotive electroplating, and sewage sludge incineration that includes crustal material from runoff. The PMF2 model apportioned the east Detroit PM2.5 data into five source categories: secondary sulfate/coal combustion, motor vehicles/combustion, refinery/oil combustion, iron-steel manufacturing/waste incineration, and automotive electroplating. For both locations, approximately over 60% of the PM2.5 mass was attributed to secondary sulfate/coal combustion sources, approximately 30% to vehicular sources, and 1-5% to local industrial sources. The unexplained mass accounted for <2% of the measured PM2.5 mass. This study illustrates that regional secondary sulfate/coal combustion and local motor vehicle emissions alone are enough for this mid-western US city to be in non-attainment for the annual PM2.5 NAAQS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hammond, Davyda M.; Dvonch, J. Timothy; Keeler, Gerald J.; Kamal, All S.; Barres, James A.; Yip, Fuyuen Y.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Keeler, Gerald J.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Parker, Edith A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yip, Fuyuen Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brakefield-Caldwell, Wilma] Commun Act Against Asthma, Detroit, MI USA. RP Hammond, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM davyda@bellsouth.net RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 720 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.065 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270BC UT WOS:000253693800010 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Calafat, AM Barr, DB AF Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. Barr, Dana B. TI Assessing developmental toxicant exposures via biomonitoring SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Foetal Programming and Development Toxicity CY MAY 20-24, 2007 CL Torshavn, DENMARK ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; US POPULATION; BLOOD LEAD; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; RESIDENTS; COHORT; GESTATION; PREGNANCY; NHANES AB Most of the developmental effects that populations experience are believed to be linked with their exposure scenario and/or their susceptibility to these exposures. In environmental public health, most studies have focused on exposures to environmental chemicals but certainly other environmental factors and susceptibility factors must be considered. Our laboratory assesses exposure to environmental chemicals by measuring the chemical, its metabolite(s) or chemical adduct(s) in a biological matrix taken from members of the populations of interest (via biomonitoring). To help interpret data from the many uses of biomonitoring and for other purposes in public health, we have determined, and made public, data on the concentrations of environmental chemicals in the general population of the USA. Exposures at critical time periods of development to many of these chemicals have been linked with adverse developmental effects. In this paper, we examine this linkage using several chemicals as examples and providing biomonitoring information for these chemicals in the US population as a whole but also at various life stages. C1 [Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analty Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Organ Analty Toxicol Branch, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lln1@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00185.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 254LU UT WOS:000252588900007 PM 18226062 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Rosas, LG Marks, AR Bradman, A Harley, K Holland, N Johnson, C Fenster, L Barr, DB AF Eskenazi, Brenda Rosas, Lisa G. Marks, Amy R. Bradman, Asa Harley, Kim Holland, Nina Johnson, Caroline Fenster, Laura Barr, Dana B. TI Pesticide toxicity and the developing brain SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Foetal Programming and Development Toxicity CY MAY 20-24, 2007 CL Torshavn, DENMARK ID BEHAVIORAL-ASSESSMENT SCALE; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; NEURODEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE; ASSOCIATION; INFANTS AB Organochlorine pesticides are used in some countries for malaria control and organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Previous literature documents children's exposure to these chemicals both in utero and during development. Animal studies suggest that many of these chemicals are neurodevelopmental toxicants even in moderate doses, but there are few studies in human beings. Associations of children's pesticide exposure with neurodevelopment from studies being conducted worldwide are summarized. In addition, we present the work of the CHAMACOS study, a longitudinal birth cohort study of Mexican-American children living in the Salinas Valley of California. In this study, we investigated the relationship of children's neurodevelopment with maternal dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene serum levels, as well as prenatal and child organophosphate urinary metabolite levels. We have examined the association with children's performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scales and at 6, 12 and 24 months on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (mental development and psychomotor development) and mothers report on the Child Behaviour Checklist. We observed a negative association of prenatal dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and child mental development. We also observed adverse associations of prenatal but not postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure with mental development and pervasive developmental disorder at 24 months. C1 [Eskenazi, Brenda; Rosas, Lisa G.; Marks, Amy R.; Bradman, Asa; Harley, Kim; Holland, Nina; Johnson, Caroline] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Fenster, Laura] California Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Marks, Amy/0000-0002-3047-5379 NR 25 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00171.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 254LU UT WOS:000252588900023 PM 18226078 ER PT J AU Vogler, AJ Driebe, EM Lee, J Auerbach, RK Allender, CJ Stanley, M Kubota, K Andersen, GL Radnedge, L Worsham, PL Keim, P Wagner, DM AF Vogler, Amy J. Driebe, Elizabeth M. Lee, Judy Auerbach, Raymond K. Allender, Christopher J. Stanley, Miles Kubota, Kristy Andersen, Gary L. Radnedge, Lyndsay Worsham, Patricia L. Keim, Paul Wagner, David M. TI Assays for the rapid and specific identification of North American Yersinia pestis and the common laboratory strain CO92 SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; NUMBER TANDEM REPEATS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; EVOLUTION; GENE AB We present TaqMan-minor groove binding (MGB) assays for an SNP that separates the Yersinia pestis strain CO92 from all other strains and for another SNP that separates North American strains from all other global strains. C1 [Vogler, Amy J.; Driebe, Elizabeth M.; Lee, Judy; Auerbach, Raymond K.; Allender, Christopher J.; Stanley, Miles; Keim, Paul; Wagner, David M.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kubota, Kristy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Andersen, Gary L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Radnedge, Lyndsay] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Worsham, Patricia L.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Wagner, DM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Dave.Wagner@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R15 AI070183-01, 1R15-AI070183-01, R15 AI070183] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 201 EP + DI 10.2144/000112701 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 269AB UT WOS:000253620800015 PM 18330347 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Ma, C Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Lammer, EJ Shaw, GM AF Carmichael, Suzan L. Ma, Chen Rasmussen, Sonja A. Honein, Margaret A. Lammer, Edward J. Shaw, Gary M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Craniosynostosis and maternal smoking SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-28, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Teratol Soc DE birth defects; craniosynostosis; pregnancy; smoking ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; MULTIVITAMIN USE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INCREASED RISK; BIAS; CRANIOSTENOSIS; MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; GENETICS AB BACKGROUND: Several previous studies suggested increased risk of craniosynostosis among infants born to women who smoked. METHODS: This study used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-state, population-based case-control study of infants delivered from 1997-2003. Nonmalformed, liveborn controls were selected randomly from birth certificates or birth hospitals. Data from maternal telephone interviews were available for 531 cases and 5008 controls. RESULTS: Smoking during the first month of pregnancy was not associated with craniosynostosis. Smoking later in pregnancy was associated with increased risk, but only among mothers who smoked at least one pack/day. For example, during the second trimester, the odds ratio for smoking < 5 cigarettes/day was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.6, 1.8), but the odds ratio (OR) for smoking 15 or more cigarettes/day was 1.6 (95% Cl 0.9, 2.8), after adjustment for maternal age, education, race-ethnicity, sub-fertility, parity, folic acid supplement intake, body mass index, and study center. Among women who did not smoke, adjusted odds ratios suggested that secondhand smoke exposure at home, but not at work/school, was associated with modestly increased risk; the OR for home exposure was 1.3 (95% Cl 0.9, 1.9). Results followed a similar pattern for some, but not all, specific suture types, but numbers for some groupings were small. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest moderately increased risk of craniosynostosis among mothers who were the heaviest smokers and who continued to smoke after the first trimester. Results are somewhat equivocal, given that most confidence intervals included one. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:78-85, 2008. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Carmichael, Suzan L.; Ma, Chen; Shaw, Gary M.] March Dimes Fdn, Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. [Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lammer, Edward J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), March Dimes Fdn, Calif Res Div, Oakland, CA USA. EM scarmichael@marchofdimes.com RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1002/bdra.20426 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 269BP UT WOS:000253624800002 PM 18050313 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Gardner, JG Subramanian, S Tangka, FK Bapat, B Richardson, LC AF Ekwueme, Donatus U. Gardner, James G. Subramanian, Sujha Tangka, Florence K. Bapat, Bela Richardson, Lisa C. TI Cost analysis of the national breast and cervical cancer early detection program - Selected states, 2003 to 2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cost analysis; national breast and cervical cancer early detection; program; breast cancer; cervical cancer; screening ID DRUG-ABUSE TREATMENT; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; OLDER WOMEN; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES; SERVICES; DATCAP; CARE; METAANALYSIS AB BACKGROUND. The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) was established by the U.S. Congress in 1990. In recent years, there has been an emphasis on ascertaining the NBCCEDP's costs of delivering screening and diagnostic services to medically underserved, low-income women. The objective of this report was to address 3 economic questions: What is the cost per woman served in the program, what is the cost per woman served by program component, and what is the cost per cancer detected through the program? METHODS. The authors developed a questionnaire to systematically collect activity-based costs on screening for breast and cervical cancer from 9 participating programs. The questionnaire was developed based on well established methods of collecting cost data for program evaluation. Data were collected from July 2003 through June 2004. RESULTS. With in-kind contributions, the cost of screening services to women in 9 programs was estimated at $555 per woman served. Without in-kind contributions, this cost was $519. Among the program components, screening and coalitions/partnerships accounted for the highest and lowest cost per woman served, respectively. The median cost of screening a woman for breast cancer was $94, and the cost per breast cancer detected was $10,566. For cervical cancer, these costs were $56 and $13,340, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Costs per woman served, screened, and cancers detected are needed for programs to accurately determine the resources required to reach and screen eligible women. With limited program resources, these cost estimates can provide useful information to assist programs in planning and implementing cost-effective activities that could maximize the allocation of program resources. C1 [Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Gardner, James G.; Tangka, Florence K.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Subramanian, Sujha; Bapat, Bela] RTI Int, Waltham, MA USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highwy,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dce3@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 3 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.1002/cncr.23207 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 256XR UT WOS:000252763700023 PM 18157831 ER PT J AU Sosnoff, CS Bernert, JT AF Sosnoff, Connie S. Bernert, John T. TI Analysis of cotinine in dried blood spots by LC APCI tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; EXPOSURE C1 [Sosnoff, Connie S.; Bernert, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sosnoff, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM css3@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD FEB PY 2008 VL 388 IS 1-2 BP 228 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.031 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 257AK UT WOS:000252770800042 PM 18036559 ER PT J AU Weykamp, C John, WG Mosca, A Hoshino, T Little, R Jeppsson, JO Goodall, I Miedema, K Myers, G Reinauer, H Sacks, DB Slingerland, R Siebelder, C AF Weykamp, Cas John, W. Garry Mosca, Andrea Hoshino, Tadao Little, Randie Jeppsson, Jan-Olof Goodall, Ian Miedema, Kor Myers, Gary Reinauer, Hans Sacks, David B. Slingerland, Robbert Siebelder, Carla TI The IFCC reference measurement system for HbA(1)C: A 6-year progress report SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MEDICINE; HUMAN BLOOD; STANDARDIZATION AB BACKGROUND: The IFCC Reference Measurement System for hemoglobin (Hb)A(1)c (IFCC-RM) has been developed within the framework of metrologic traceability and is embedded in a network of 14 reference laboratories. This paper describes the outcome of 12 intercomparison studies (periodic evaluations to control essential elements of the IFCC-RM). METHODS: Each study included: unknown samples (to test individual network laboratories); known samples (controls); recently manufactured calibrators (to check calculated assigned value); stored calibrators (to test stability) and a calibration-set (to calibrate the IFCC-RM). The unknown samples are measured by use of the IFCC-RM and the designated comparison methods [DCMs; the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) in the US, Japanese Diabetes Society/Japanese Society for Clinical Chemistry (JDS/ JSCC) in Japan, and Mono-S in Sweden] are used to investigate the stability of the Master Equation (ME), the relationship between IFCC-RM and DCMs. RESULTS: A total of 105 IFCC-RM data sets were evaluated: 95 were approved, 5 were not, and for 5 no data were submitted. Trend analysis of the MEs, expressed as change in percentage HbA(1)c per year, revealed 0.000% (NGSP, not significant), -0.030%, (JDS/JSCC; significant) and -0.016% (Mono-S; not significant). Evaluation of long-term performance revealed no systematic change over time; 2 laboratories showed significant bias, 1 poor reproducibility. The mean HbA(1)c determined by laboratories performing mass spectrometry (MS) was the same as the mean determined by laboratories using capillary electrophoresis (CE), but the reproducibility at laboratories using CE was better. One batch of new calibrators was not approved. All stored calibrators were stable. CONCLUSION: A sound reference system is in place to ensure continuity and stability of the analytical anchor for HbA(1)c. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Weykamp, Cas; Siebelder, Carla] Queen Beatrix Hosp, NL-7101 BN Winterswijk, Netherlands. [John, W. Garry] UEA, Sch Med Hlth Policy & Practice, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [John, W. Garry] Norfolk & Norwich Univ Hosp, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Mosca, Andrea] Univ Milan, Ctr Interdipartimentale Riferibilita Metrol Med L, Milan, Italy. [Hoshino, Tadao] Inst Biopathol Med, Kanagawa, Japan. [Little, Randie] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. [Jeppsson, Jan-Olof] Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. [Goodall, Ian] Austin Hlth, Austin Pathol, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. [Miedema, Kor] Isala Klin, Zwolle, Netherlands. [Myers, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reinauer, Hans] INSTAND EV, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Slingerland, Robbert] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Slingerland, Robbert] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Weykamp, C (reprint author), Queen Beatrix Hosp, Beatrixpk 1, NL-7101 BN Winterswijk, Netherlands. EM c.w.weykamp@skbwinterswijk.nl OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012; Sacks, David/0000-0003-3100-0735 NR 21 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.097402 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 257ZI UT WOS:000252837800004 PM 18223132 ER PT J AU von Gottberg, A du Plessis, M Cohen, C Prentice, E Schrag, S de Gouveia, L Coulson, G de Jong, G Klugman, K AF von Gottberg, Anne du Plessis, Mignon Cohen, Cheryl Prentice, Elizabeth Schrag, Stephanie de Gouveia, Linda Coulson, Garry de Jong, Gillian Klugman, Keith CA Grp Enter Resp & Meningeal Dis Sur TI Emergence of endemic serogroup W135 meningococcal disease associated with a high mortality rate in South Africa SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HAJJ PILGRIMAGE; BURKINA-FASO; CAPE-TOWN; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX AB Background. In the African meningitis belt, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 has emerged as a cause of epidemic disease. The establishment of W135 as the predominant cause of endemic disease has not been described. Methods. We conducted national laboratory-based surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease during 2000-2005. The system was enhanced in 2003 to include clinical data collection of cases from sentinel sites. Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Results. A total of 2135 cases of invasive meningococcal disease were reported, of which 1113 (52%) occurred in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In this province, rates of disease increased from 0.8 cases per 100,000 persons in 2000 to 4.0 cases per 100,000 persons in 2005; the percentage due to serogroup W135 increased from 7% (4 of 54 cases) to 75% (221 of 295 cases). The median age of patients infected with serogroup W135 was 5 years (interquartile range, 2-23 years), compared with 21 years ( range, 8-26 years) for those infected with serogroup A (P < .001). The incidence of W135 disease increased in all age groups. Rates were highest among infants (age, < 1 year), increasing from 5.1 cases per 100,000 persons in 2003 to 21.5 cases per 100,000 persons in 2005. Overall case-fatality rates doubled, from 11% in 2003 to 22% in 2005. Serogroup W135 was more likely to cause meningococcemia than was serogroup A (82 [28%] of 297 cases vs. 11 [8%] of 141 cases; odds ratio, 8.9, 95% confidence interval, 2.2-36.3). A total of 285 ( 95%) of 301 serogroup W135 isolates were identified as 1 clone by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; 7 representative strains belonged to the ST-11/ET-37 complex. Conclusions. Serogroup W135 has become endemic in Gauteng, South Africa, causing disease of greater severity than did the previous predominant serogroup A strain. C1 [von Gottberg, Anne; du Plessis, Mignon; Prentice, Elizabeth; de Gouveia, Linda; Coulson, Garry; Klugman, Keith] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl; de Jong, Gillian] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Epidemiol Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl; de Jong, Gillian] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Surveillance Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [von Gottberg, Anne; du Plessis, Mignon; Coulson, Garry; de Jong, Gillian] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Pathol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cohen, Cheryl] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Schrag, Stephanie] Emory Univ, Nalt Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klugman, Keith] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klugman, Keith] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP von Gottberg, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Private Bag 14, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. EM annev@nicd.ac.za OI de Gouveia, Linda/0000-0002-1418-8468; du Plessis, Mignon/0000-0001-9186-0679 FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU022088] NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1086/525260 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 249IJ UT WOS:000252221200005 PM 18181736 ER PT J AU Tiwari, TSP Golaz, A Yu, DT Ehresmann, KR Jones, TF Hill, HE Cassiday, PK Pawloski, LC Moran, JS Popovic, T Wharton, M AF Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P. Golaz, Anne Yu, Diana T. Ehresmann, Kristen R. Jones, Timothy F. Hill, Hal E. Cassiday, Pamela K. Pawloski, Lucia C. Moran, John S. Popovic, Tanja Wharton, Melinda TI Investigations of 2 cases of diphtheria-like illness due to toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS DIPHTHERIA; CLASSICAL DIPHTHERIA; TOXIN GENE; PCR ASSAY; INFECTIONS; MASTITIS AB Background. We present 2 case reports in the United States and investigations of diphtheria-like illness caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans. A fatal case occurred in a 75-year-old male Washington resident who was treated with clindamycin but did not receive equine diphtheria antitoxin. A second, nonfatal case occurred in a 66-year-old female Tennessee resident who received erythromycin and diphtheria antitoxin. Methods. Both case patients and close human and animal contacts were investigated by their respective state health departments. Results. C. ulcerans isolated from the patient who died was resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. For both isolates, conventional polymerase chain reaction results were positive for A and B subunits of diphtheria toxin gene tox, and modified Elek tests confirmed toxin production. The source of infection remained undetermined for both cases. Neither patient was up-to-date with diphtheria toxoid vaccination. Conclusion. These case reports highlight the importance of early treatment with diphtheria antitoxin, the selection of effective antimicrobial agents, and prevention through up-to-date vaccination. C1 [Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P.; Golaz, Anne; Cassiday, Pamela K.; Pawloski, Lucia C.; Moran, John S.; Wharton, Melinda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIRD, Div Bacterial Dis, MVPD Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Popovic, Tanja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yu, Diana T.] Thurston Cty Publ Hlth & Social Serv, Olympia, WA USA. [Ehresmann, Kristen R.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control, St Paul, MN USA. [Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN USA. [Hill, Hal E.] Mem Hosp, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Tiwari, TSP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIRD, Div Bacterial Dis, MVPD Branch, Mailstop C-25,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tit2@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1086/525262 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 249IJ UT WOS:000252221200007 PM 18181738 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Shang, N LoBue, PA AF Mazurek, Gerald H. Shang, Nong LoBue, Philip A. TI Matched-sample analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, and P values - Reply to Tamhane SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Mazurek, Gerald H.; Shang, Nong; LoBue, Philip A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mazurek, Gerald H.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gym6@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 475 EP 475 DI 10.1086/524894 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 249IJ UT WOS:000252221200021 ER PT J AU van de Wijgert, JHHM Kilmarx, PH Jones, HE Karon, JM Chaikummao, S AF van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M. Kilmarx, Peter H. Jones, Heidi E. Karon, John M. Chaikummao, Supaporn TI Differentiating normal from abnormal rates of genital epithelial findings in vaginal microbicide trials SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV prevention; vaginal microbicide; genital irritation; Thailand ID HIV-INFECTED WOMEN; PHASE-I; FEMALE VOLUNTEERS; CELLULOSE SULFATE; SAFETY; GEL; ACCEPTABILITY; NONOXYNOL-9; HEALTHY; TOLERABILITY AB Background: Candidate vaginal microbicides could cause genital irritation, which in turn could facilitate HIV transmission instead of preventing it. While genital epithelial findings are documented in a standardized manner in most microbicide trials, little is known about background rates and predictors for many types of genital findings. Study Design: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a Phase II expanded safety study of the candidate microbicide Carraguard (R) gel (Population Council, NY, USA) in Thailand. Genital findings were identified by visual inspection of the cervix, vaginal walls and external genitalia during pelvic exams prior to gel use (screening and enrollment) and during gel use (at 2 weeks and Months 1-12). Women were interviewed about potential risk factors for genital findings at every visit and tested routinely for sexually transmitted and vaginal infections. Results: A total of 258 genital findings were identified in 152 woman-years of follow-up. Genital findings were positively associated with older age, increased parity, self-report of genital symptoms, positive HSV-2 serology, bacterial vaginosis by Nugent scoring and the presence of a genital finding at baseline. Furthermore, vaginal findings were positively associated with vaginal practices and yeast infections. Genital findings were negatively associated with use of hormonal contraception, inconsistently associated with frequency of sex and applicator use, and not associated with condom use. Conclusions: Several factors that are common in women of reproductive age account for the background rate of genital epithelial findings in this population. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Poverty Related Communicable Dis, NL-1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.; Jones, Heidi E.] Populat Council, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Kilmarx, Peter H.; Chaikummao, Supaporn] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat TUC, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. [Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Heidi E.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ob Gyn, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Karon, John M.] Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP van de Wijgert, JHHM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Poverty Related Communicable Dis, PO Box 22700, NL-1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM j.h.vandewijgert@amc.uva.nl OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345; Jones, Heidi/0000-0002-4285-3752 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.10.006 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 258PZ UT WOS:000252881200010 PM 18226677 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Curtis, Kathryn M. Marchbanks, Polly A. Peterson, Herbert B. TI Neoplasia with use of intrauterine devices (vol 75, pg S60, 2007) SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Curtis, Kathryn M.; Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Peterson, Herbert B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Peterson, Herbert B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 BP 138 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.11.008 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 258PZ UT WOS:000252881200012 ER PT J AU Katz, KA Klausner, JD AF Katz, Kenneth A. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Azithromycin resistance in Treponema pallidum SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE antibiotic resistance; azithromycin; syphilis; Treponema pallidum ID SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; PENICILLIN-G BENZATHINE; 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EARLY SYPHILIS; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; INCUBATING SYPHILIS; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; MATERNAL TREATMENT; CLINICAL ISOLATE AB Purpose of review Although the recommended treatment for syphilis is penicillin, azithromycin has been used as an alternative. We discuss azithromycin-related treatment failures and resistance in Treponema pallidum, and propose ways to meet the resulting clinical and public health challenges. Recent findings Azithromycin treatment failures in syphilis were first noted in San Francisco in 2002 and result from an A G mutation at position 2058 of the 23S rRNA gene of T pallidum. This mutation confers resistance by precluding macrolide binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, of which 23S rRNA is a structural component. Azithromycin resistance has also been identified in T. pallidum specimens from elsewhere in the United States, Ireland, and Canada, and the amount of resistant specimens has increased with time. Treatment with azithromycin or other macrolides appears to be a risk factor for presenting with a resistant T. pallidum strain. Summary Although T. pallidum remains sensitive to penicillin and certain other antibiotics, azithromycin resistance in T. pallidum has emerged and is increasing in the United States, Canada, and Ireland. This poses clinical and public health challenges, and indicates a need for further antibiotic drug development and surveillance for resistance in T. pallidum. If azithromycin is used to treat syphilis, clinicians and public health practitioners should remain vigilant for treatment failures. C1 [Katz, Kenneth A.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Katz, Kenneth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM Jeff.Klausner@sfdph.org NR 64 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 256HX UT WOS:000252720300014 PM 18192791 ER PT J AU Cordovado, SK Zhao, Y Warram, JH Gong, HG Anderson, KL Hendrix, MM Hancock, LN Cleary, PA Mueller, PW AF Cordovado, Suzanne K. Zhao, Yuan Warram, James H. Gong, Hongguang Anderson, Karen L. Hendrix, Miyono M. Hancock, Laura N. Cleary, Patricia A. Mueller, Patricia W. TI Nephropathy in type 1 diabetea is dimnished in carriers of HLA-DRB1*04 - The genetics of kidneys in diabetes (GoKinD) study SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RENAL-FAILURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PATHOGENESIS; RETINOPATHY; INCREASE; HLA-DQA1; DISEASE; URINARY AB OBJECTWE-The purpose of this study was to examine whether known genetic risk factors for type 1 diabetes (HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 and insulin locus) play a role in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Genetic analysis of HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 -DQB1 and the insulin gene (INS) was performed in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) collection of DNA (European ancestry subset), which includes case patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy (n = 829) and control patients With type 1 diabetes but not nephropathy (n = 904). The availability of phenotypic and genotypic data on GoKinD participants allowed a detailed analysis of the association of these genes with diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS-Diabetic probands who were homozygous for HLA-DRB1*04 were 50% less likely to have nephropathy than probands without any DRB1*04 alleles. In heterozygous carriers, a protective effect of this allele was not as clearly evident; the mode of inheritance therefore remains unclear. This association was seen in probands with both short (<28 years, P = 0.02) and long (>= 28 years, P = 0.0001) duration of diabetes. A1C, a marker of sustained hyperglycemia, was increased in control probands With normoalbuminuira, despite long-duration diabetes, from 7.2 to 7.3 to 7.7% with 0, 1, and 2 copies of the DRB1*04 allele, respectively. This result is consistent with a protective effect of DRB1*04 that may allow individuals to tolerate higher levels of hyperglycemia, as measured by A1C, without developing nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS-These data suggest that carriers of DRB1*04 are protected from some of the injurious hyperglycemic effects related to nephropathy. Interestingly, DRB1*04 appears to be both a risk allele for type 1 diabetes and a protective allele for nephropathy. C1 [Cordovado, Suzanne K.; Hendrix, Miyono M.; Hancock, Laura N.; Mueller, Patricia W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhao, Yuan; Anderson, Karen L.; Cleary, Patricia A.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Warram, James H.] Joslin Diabet Ctr, Dept Genet & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Cordovado, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770,Buford Hwy,MS F-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM snc4@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [PL105-33]; None [PL106-554, PL107-360]; PHS HHS [PL-107-360, PL105-33, PL106-554, PL107-360, PL-105-33, PL-106-554] NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 518 EP 522 DI 10.2337/db07-0826 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259BP UT WOS:000252914400031 PM 18039812 ER PT J AU Kirk, JK Passmore, LV Bell, RA Narayan, KMV D'Agostino, RB Arcury, TA Quandt, SA AF Kirk, Julienne K. Passmore, Leah V. Bell, Ronny A. Narayan, K. M. Venkat D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Arcury, Thomas A. Quandt, Sara A. TI Disparities in A1C Levels Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Adults With Diabetes A meta-analysis SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; HEMOGLOBIN A(1C); GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MANAGED CARE; TYPE-2; MELLITUS; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVE - Hispanics have higher rates of diabetes and diabetes-related complications than do non-Hispanic whites. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the difference between the mean Values of A1C for these two groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We executed a PubMed search of articles published from 1993 through July 2007. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, Combined Health Information Database, and Education Resources Information Center. Data on sample size, age, sex, A1C, geographical location, and Study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites With diabetes were included. Studies were excluded if they included individuals < 18 years of age or patients with pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes. RESULTS - A total of 495 Studies were reviewed, of which 73 contained data on A1C for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, and I I met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant mean difference (P < 0.0001) of -0.46 (95% CI -0.63 to -0.33), correlating to an similar to 0.5% higher A1C for Hispanics. Grouping Studies by design (cross-sectional or cohort), Method of data collection for A1C (chart review or blood sampling), and care type (managed or nonmanaged) yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS - in this meta-analysis, A1C was similar to 0.5% higher in Hispanic patients With diabetes than in non-Hispanic patients. Understanding the reasons for this disparity should be a focus for future research. C1 [Kirk, Julienne K.; Arcury, Thomas A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Passmore, Leah V.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Bell, Ronny A.; Quandt, Sara A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirk, JK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkirk@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 NR 39 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.2337/dc07-0382 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 452TE UT WOS:000266563300013 PM 17977939 ER PT J AU Tseng, CW Tierney, EF Gerzoff, RB Dudley, RA Waitzfelder, B Ackermann, RT Karter, AJ Piette, J Crosson, JC Ngo-Metzger, Q Chung, R Mangione, CM AF Tseng, Chien-Wen Tierney, Edward F. Gerzoff, Robert B. Dudley, R. Adams Waitzfelder, Beth Ackermann, Ronald T. Karter, Andrew J. Piette, John Crosson, Jesse C. Ngo-Metzger, Quyen Chung, Richard Mangione, Carol M. TI Race/Ethnicity and Economic Differences in Cost-Related Medication Underuse Among Insured Adults With Diabetes The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; MANAGED CARE; RACIAL DISPARITIES; CHRONICALLY ILL; HEALTH OUTCOMES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; DRUG BENEFIT; ADHERENCE; BENEFICIARIES; NONADHERENCE AB OBJECTIVE - To examine racial/ethnic and economic variation in cost-related medication underuse among insured adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We surveyed 5,086 participants from the multicenter Translating Research Into Action lot Diabetes Study. Respondents reported whether used less medication because of cost in the past 12 months. We examined unadjusted and they adjusted rates of cost-related medication underuse, using hierarchical regression, to determine whether race/ethnicity differences Still existed after accounting for economic, health, and other demographic variables. RESULTS - Participants were 48% white, 14% African American, 14% Latino, 15% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 8% other. Overall, 14% reported cost-related medication underuse. Unadjusted rates were highest for Latinos (23%) and African Americans (17%) compared with Whites (13%), Asian/Pacific Islanders (11%), and others (15%). In multivariate analyses, race/ethnicity significantly predicted cost-related medication underuse (P = 0.048). However, adjusted rates were only slightly higher for Latinos (14%), than whites (10%) (P = 0.026) and were not significantly different for African Americans (11%), Asian/Pacific Islanders (7%), and others (11%). Income and out-of-pocket drug costs Showed the greatest differences in adjusted rates of cost-related medication underuse (15 vs. 5% for participants with income <= 5$25,000 vs. >$50,000 and 24 vs. 7% for participants With out-of-pocket costs >$150 per month vs. <=$50 per month. CONCLUSIONS - one in seven participants reported cost-related medication underuse. Rates were highest among African Americans and Latinos but were related to lower incomes and higher out-of-pocket drug costs in these groups. Interventions to decrease racial/ethnic disparities in cost-related medication underuse should focus on decreasing financial barriers to medications. C1 [Tseng, Chien-Wen; Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tierney, Edward F.; Gerzoff, Robert B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dudley, R. Adams] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Dudley, R. Adams] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ackermann, Ronald T.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. [Piette, John] Univ Michigan, Dept Vet Affairs Ctr Practice Management & Outcom, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Piette, John] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Crosson, Jesse C.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Family Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Crosson, Jesse C.] Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Family Med, Div Res, Somerset, NJ USA. [Ngo-Metzger, Quyen] Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Ngo-Metzger, Quyen] Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Chung, Richard] Hawaii Med Serv Assoc, Honolulu, HI USA. [Mangione, Carol M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mangione, Carol M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Tseng, CW (reprint author), Pacific Hlth Res Inst, 846 S Hotel St 303, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM cwtseng@hawaii.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Physician Faculty Scholars Program [051085]; University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) [P30-AG-021684]; Drew/UCLA Project Export [P20-MD-000148]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [04005]; National institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases FX C.-W.T.'s effort on this project was partially supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Physician Faculty Scholars Program (no, 051085). C.M.M.'s effort, on this project was partially supported by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (P30-AG-021684) and the Drew/UCLA Project Export (P20-MD-000148). This study was jointly funded by program announcement no. 04005 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Diabetes Translation) and the National institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.2337/dc07-1341 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 452TE UT WOS:000266563300016 PM 18000177 ER PT J AU Gary, TL Safford, MM Gerzoff, RB Ettner, SL Karter, AJ Beckles, GL Brown, AF AF Gary, Tiffany L. Safford, Monika M. Gerzoff, Robert B. Ettner, Susan L. Karter, Andrew J. Beckles, Gloria L. Brown, Arleen F. TI Perception of Neighborhood Problems, Health Behaviors, and Diabetes Outcomes Among Adults With Diabetes in Managed Care The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 22-26, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION; SELF-MANAGEMENT; URBAN ADULTS; OLDER-ADULTS; OBESITY; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENT AB OBJECTIVE - Recent data Suggest that. residential environment may influence health behaviors and outcomes. We assessed whether perception of neighborhood problems was associated with diabetes behaviors and outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This cross-sectional analysis included 7,830 diabetic adults enrolled in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes, a study of diabetes care and outcomes in managed care settings. Perception of neighborhood problems was measured using a summary score of participants' ratings of crime, trash, litter, lighting at night, and access to exercise facilities, transportation, and supermarkets. Outcomes included health behaviors and clinical outcomes. Hierarchical regression models were Used to account for Clustering of patient, within neighborhoods and to adjust for objective neighborhood socioeconomic status (percentage living in poverty) and potential individual-level confounders (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, comorbidity index, and duration of diabetes). RESULTS - After adjustment, residents of neighborhoods in the lowest tertile (most perceived problems) reported higher rates of current smoking (15 vs. 11%) than those in the highest tertile and had slightly lower participation in any weekly physical activity (95 vs. 96%). In addition, their blood pressure control was worse (25 vs. 31% < 130/80 mmHg), and their Short Form 12 scores were slightly lower (44 Vs. 46 units for emotional well-being and 43 Vs. 44 units for physical well-being); all P < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS - Neighborhood problems were Most strongly associated with more smoking and higher blood pressure, both of which have significant implications for cardiovascular risk. Potential mechanisms that explain these associations should be further explored in longitudinal studies. C1 [Gary, Tiffany L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Univ Alabama, VA Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Gerzoff, Robert B.; Beckles, Gloria L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ettner, Susan L.; Brown, Arleen F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Gary, TL (reprint author), 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E6531, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgary@jhsph.edu NR 33 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.2337/dc07-1111 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 452TE UT WOS:000266563300018 PM 18000180 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, ES Li, C Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, G. Ford, E. S. Li, C. Mokdad, A. H. TI Compliance with physical activity recommendations in US adults with diabetes SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; diabetes; physical activity; recommendations ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; URBAN AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; EXERCISE; PREVENTION; RISK; MELLITUS AB Aims To investigate whether US adults with diabetes meet both the national and American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for physical activity compared with people without diabetes, and to examine the trends of this behaviour over time. Methods We analysed data from large nationally representative cohorts from the 1996-2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The number of participants ranged from 98 127 in 1996 to 204 977 in 2005, and the number of people with diabetes ranged from 4379 in 1996 to 13 608 in 2005. Participants were classified by their exercise status and physical activity levels. The age-standardized prevalence of physical activity participation or meeting physical activity recommendations was calculated in people with and without diabetes. Results People with diabetes participated less in physical activity (63.1-68.9 vs. 71.7-78.3%) and met physical activity recommendations less than people without diabetes (40.2-42.9 vs. 48.0-51.5% for meeting national recommendations and 38.5-41.7 vs. 46.6-49.8% for meeting ADA recommendations). The percentage of people with diabetes who participated in physical activity in the past 10 years or met physical activity recommendations in the past 5 years did not vary, whereas significantly increasing trends were observed in people without diabetes. The odds for adults with diabetes meeting physical activity recommendations were significantly lower than in adults without diabetes even after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion People with diabetes were less likely to meet either national or ADA recommendations for physical activity than people without diabetes. Our results demonstrate the need for more efforts from health-care professionals to promote physical activity in people with diabetes. C1 [Zhao, G.; Ford, E. S.; Li, C.; Mokdad, A. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhao, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GZhao@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02332.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 263YF UT WOS:000253251700018 PM 18201213 ER PT J AU Vazquez, M Muehlenbein, C Cartterj, M Hayes, EB Ertel, S Shapiro, ED AF Vazquez, Marietta Muehlenbein, Catherine Cartterj, Matthew Hayes, Edward B. Ertel, Starr Shapiro, Eugene D. TI Effectiveness of personal protective measures to prevent Lyme disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS AB After the manufacture of Lyme vaccine was discontinued in 2002, strategies to prevent Lyme disease (LD) have focused on personal protective measures. Effectiveness of these measures has not been conclusively demonstrated. The aim of our case-control study was to assess the effectiveness of personal preventive measures in a highly disease-endemic area. Case-patients were persons with LD reported to Connecticut's Department of Public Health and classified as having definite, possible, or unlikely LD. Age-matched controls without LD were identified. Study participants were interviewed to assess the practice of preventive measures and to obtain information on occupational and recreational risk factors. Use of protective clothing was 40% effective; routine use of tick repellents on skin or clothing was 20% effective. Checking one's body for ticks and spraying property with acaricides were not effective. We concluded that use of protective clothing and of tick repellents (on skin or clothing) are effective in preventing LD. C1 [Vazquez, Marietta; Muehlenbein, Catherine; Shapiro, Eugene D.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cartterj, Matthew; Ertel, Starr] State Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Hayes, Edward B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Vazquez, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 333 Cedar St,POB 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marietta.vazquez@yale.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000142]; NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR022477, M01 RR000125, M01-RR00125, RR022477]; NIAID NIH HHS [5K23AI068280, AI01703, K24 AI001703] NR 14 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.3201/eid1402.070725 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 259VS UT WOS:000252969600003 PM 18258112 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Ekwueme, DU Saraiya, M Markowitz, LE AF Chesson, Harrell W. Ekwueme, Donatus U. Saraiya, Mona Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HPV TYPE DISTRIBUTION; CERVICAL-CANCER; PARTICLE VACCINE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ECONOMIC BURDEN; GENITAL WARTS; STRATEGIES; EFFICACY; DISEASE; TYPE-16 AB We describe a simplified model, based on the current economic and health effects of human papillornavirus (HPV), to estimate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination of 12-year-old girls in the United States. Under base-case parameter values, the estimated cost per quality-adjusted life year gained by vaccination in the context of current cervical cancer screening practices in the United States ranged from $3,906 to $14,723 (2005 US dollars), depending on factors such as whether herd immunity effects were assumed; the types of HPV targeted by the vaccine; and whether the benefits of preventing anal, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers were included. The results of our simplified model were consistent with published studies based on more complex models when key assumptions were similar. This consistency is reassuring because models of varying complexity will be essential tools for policy makers in the development of optimal HPV vaccination strategies. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Saraiya, Mona; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.3201/eid1402.070499 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 259VS UT WOS:000252969600008 PM 18258117 ER PT J AU Hedberg, CW Greenblatt, JF Matyas, BT Lemmings, J Sharp, DJ Skibicki, RT Liang, AP AF Hedberg, Craig W. Greenblatt, Jesse F. Matyas, Bela T. Lemmings, Jennifer Sharp, Donald J. Skibicki, Richard T. Liang, Arthur P. CA Enter Dis Inv Timeline Study Work TI Timeliness of enteric disease surveillance in 6 US States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB We reviewed. timeline information for a sample of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli O15:H7 cases and all confirmed foodborne outbreaks reported in 6 states during 2002. Increasing the timeliness of case follow-up, molecular subtyping, and linkage of results are critical to reducing delays in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks. C1 [Hedberg, Craig W.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. [Greenblatt, Jesse F.] New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Matyas, Bela T.; Lemmings, Jennifer] Council State & Terr Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matyas, Bela T.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Sharp, Donald J.; Skibicki, Richard T.; Liang, Arthur P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM hedbe005@umn.edu FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU007277] NR 7 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.3201/eid1402.070666 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 259VS UT WOS:000252969600019 PM 18258128 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Artistic light and capturing the immeasurable SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA USA. EM PMPI@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 360 EP 361 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 259VS UT WOS:000252969600038 ER PT J AU Mahalingaiah, S Meeker, JD Pearson, KR Calafat, AM Ye, X Petrozza, J Hauser, R AF Mahalingaiah, Shruthi Meeker, John D. Pearson, Kimberly R. Calafat, Antonia M. Ye, Xiaoyun Petrozza, John Hauser, Russ TI Temporal variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol a concentrations in men and women SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; endocrine disruptors; environment; human; pregnancy ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; EXPOSURE; MIGRATION; POLYCARBONATE; POPULATION; ANDROGEN; REVEALS; PHENOLS; RESIN AB BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polymeric materials, such as polycarbonate plastics, and is found in a variety of consumer products. Recent data show widespread BPA exposure among the U.S. population. OBJECTIVE: Our goal in the present study was to determine the temporal variability and predictors of BPA exposure. METHODS: We measured urinary concentrations of BPA among male and female patients from the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2006, 217 urine samples were collected from 82 subjects: 45 women (145 samples) and 37 men (72 samples). Of these, 24 women and men were partners and contributed 42 pairs of samples collected on the same day. Ten women became pregnant during the follow-up period. Among die 217 urine samples, the median BPA concentration was 1.20 mu g/L, ranging from below the limit of detection (0.4 mu g/L) to 42.6 mu g/L. Age, body mass index, and sex were not significant predictors of urinary BPA concentrations. BPA urinary concentrations among pregnant women were 26% higher (-26%, +115%) than those among the same women when no pregnant (p > 0.05). The urinary BPA concentrations of the female and male partner on the same day were correlated (r = 0.36; p = 0.02). The sensitivity of classifying a subject in the highest tertile using a single urine sample was 0.64. CONCLUSION: We found a nonsignificant increase in urinary BPA concentrations in women while pregnant compared with nonpregnant samples from the same women. Samples collected from partners on the same day were correlated, suggesting shared sources of exposure. Finally, a single urine sample showed moderate sensitivity for predicting a subject's tertile categorization. C1 [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mahalingaiah, Shruthi] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Meeker, John D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pearson, Kimberly R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Petrozza, John; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv,Fertil Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1405, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu OI Mahalingaiah, Shruthi/0000-0002-5527-5787; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000002, ES 00002, ES 09718, R01 ES009718]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH 008578, R01 OH008578] NR 33 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 116 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1289/ehp.10605 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 257XH UT WOS:000252831800026 PM 18288314 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, EF Belanger, EE Gomez, MI Cayo, M McCaffrey, RJ Seegal, RF Jansing, RL Hwang, SA Hicks, HE AF Fitzgerald, Edward F. Belanger, Erin E. Gomez, Marta I. Cayo, Michael McCaffrey, Robert J. Seegal, Richard F. Jansing, Robert L. Hwang, Syni-an Hicks, Heraline E. TI Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and neuropsychological status among older residents of upper Hudson river communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adult; affective symptoms; hazardous waste; neurobehavioral manifestations; neuropsychological tests; polychlorinated biphenyls ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; GREAT-LAKES FISH; PCB EXPOSURE; DEPRESSION; MEMORY; BLOOD; LEAD; SEROTONIN; DISEASE; HUMANS AB BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may accelerate the cognitive and motor dysfunction found in normal aging, but few studies have examined these outcomes and PCB exposure among older adults. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated neuropsychological status and low-level PCB exposure among older adults living along contaminated portions of the upper Hudson River in New York. METHODS: A total of 253 Persons between 55 and 74 years of age were recruited and interviewed, and provided blood sample 3 for congener-specific PCB analysis. Participants also underwent a neuropsychological battery consisting of 34 tests capable of detecting subtle deficits in cognition, motor function, affective state, and olfactory function. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, the results indicated that an increase in serum total PCB concentration from 250 to 500 ppb (lipid basis) was associated with a 6.2% decrease in verbal learning, as measured by California Verbal Learning Test trial I score (p = 0.035), and with a 19.2% increase in depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that exposure to PCBs may be associated with some measures of memory and learning and depression among adults 55-74 years of age whose current body burdens are similar to those of the general population. Although the results are useful in delineating the neuropsychological effects of low-level exposure to PCBs, further studies of whether older men and women are a sensitive subpopulation are needed. C1 [Fitzgerald, Edward F.] SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Belanger, Erin E.; Gomez, Marta I.; Cayo, Michael; Hwang, Syni-an] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Ctr Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. [McCaffrey, Robert J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, New York, NY USA. [Seegal, Richard F.; Jansing, Robert L.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Environm Dis Prevent, New York, NY USA. [Hicks, Heraline E.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fitzgerald, EF (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, 1 Univ Pl, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM eff02@health.state.ny.us RI Fitzgerald, Edward/F-4087-2010 FU PHS HHS [H75/ATH298312] NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 116 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1289/ehp.10432 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 257XH UT WOS:000252831800032 PM 18288320 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Rhoads, GG AF Brown, Mary Jean Rhoads, George G. TI Responding to blood lead levels < 10 mu g/dL SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 [Brown, Mary Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rhoads, George G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Rhoads, George G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Advisory Comm Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 116 IS 2 BP A60 EP A61 DI 10.1289/ehp.10703 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 257XH UT WOS:000252831800001 PM 18288294 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Calafat, AM Ye, X Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Galvez, MP Brenner, BL Wolff, MS AF Teitelbaum, S. L. Britton, J. A. Calafat, A. M. Ye, X. Silva, M. J. Reidy, J. A. Galvez, M. P. Brenner, B. L. Wolff, M. S. TI Temporal variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, phytoestrogens and phenols among minority children in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; biomarker; urine; children; reproducibility of results; phthalates; phytoestrogens; Phenols; bisphenol A; isoflavones; ligans; time factors ID BISPHENOL-A; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; AUTOMATED ONLINE; UV SCREENS; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; ESTROGEN; ISOFLAVONES; ENDOCRINE AB Background: Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs), including some phthalates, phytoestrogens and phenols can be quantified using biomarkers of exposure. However, reliability, in the use of these biomarkers requires an understanding of the timeframe of exposure represented by one measurement. Data on the temporal variability of ED biomarkers are sparse, especially among children. Objective: To evaluate intraindividual temporal variability in 19 individual urinary biomarkers (eight phthalate metabolites from six phthalate diesters, six phytoestrogens (two lignans and four isoflavones) and five phenols) among New York City children. Methods: Healthy Hispanic and Black children (N = 35; 6-10 years old) donated several urine samples over 6 months. To assess temporal variability we used three statistical methods: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) between concentrations measured at different timepoints, and surrogate category analysis to determine how well the tertile categories based on a single measurement represented a 6-month average concentration. Results: Surrogate category analysis indicated that a single sample provides reliable ranking for all analytes; at least three of four surrogate samples predicted the 6-month mean concentration. Of the 19 analytes, the ICC was > 0.2 for 18 analytes and > 0.3 for 10 analytes. Correlations among sample concentrations throughout the 6-month period were observed for all analytes; 14 analyte concentrations were correlated at 16 weeks. Conclusions: The, reasonable degree of temporal reliability and the wide range of concentrations of phthalate metabolites, phytoestrogens and phenols suggest that these biomarkers are appropriate for use in epidemiologic studies of environmental exposures in relation to health outcomes in children. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Teitelbaum, S. L.; Britton, J. A.; Galvez, M. P.; Brenner, B. L.; Wolff, M. S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Calafat, A. M.; Ye, X.; Silva, M. J.; Reidy, J. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Galvez, M. P.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Teitelbaum, SL (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave Levy Pl,POB 1043, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM susan.teitelbaum@mssrr.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K07-CA93447]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00071]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01-ES009584-07, K01-ES012645, U01-ES-012771] NR 34 TC 182 Z9 187 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 268ZI UT WOS:000253618800014 PM 17976571 ER PT J AU Greene, SK Daly, ER Talbot, EA Demma, LJ Holzbauer, S Patel, NJ Hill, TA Walderhaug, MO Hoekstra, RM Lynch, MF Painter, JA AF Greene, S. K. Daly, E. R. Talbot, E. A. Demma, L. J. Holzbauer, S. Patel, N. J. Hill, T. A. Walderhaug, M. O. Hoekstra, R. M. Lynch, M. F. Painter, J. A. TI Recurrent multistate outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with tomatoes from contaminated fields, 2005 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT SALMONELLA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; CONSUMPTION; HAMBURGER; PULSENET; SURVIVAL; PLANTS AB Salmonella Newport causes more than an estimated 100000 infections annually in the United States. In 2002, tomatoes grown and packed on the eastern shore of Virginia contaminated with a pan-susceptible S. Newport strain caused illness in 510 patients in 26 states. In July-November 2005, the same strain caused illness in at least 72 patients in 16 states. We conducted a case-control study during the 2005 outbreak, enrolling 29 cases and 140 matched neighbourhood controls. Infection was associated with eating tomatoes (matched odds ratio 9.7, 95% confidence interval 3-3-34-9). Tomatoes were traced back to the eastern shore of Virginia, where the outbreak strain was isolated from pond water used to irrigate tomato fields. Two multistate outbreaks caused by one rare strain, and identification of that strain in irrigation ponds 2 years apart, suggest persistent contamination of tomato fields. Further efforts are needed to prevent produce contamination on farms and throughout the food supply chain. C1 [Greene, S. K.; Demma, L. J.; Holzbauer, S.; Patel, N. J.; Hoekstra, R. M.; Lynch, M. F.; Painter, J. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Greene, S. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Daly, E. R.; Talbot, E. A.] New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Talbot, E. A.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. [Demma, L. J.; Holzbauer, S.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hill, T. A.; Walderhaug, M. O.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Greene, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SGreene1@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1017/S095026880700859X PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FC UT WOS:000259337000002 PM 17475091 ER PT J AU Gary, HE Smith, B Jenks, J Ruiz, J Sessions, W Vinje, J Sobsey, M AF Gary, H. E., Jr. Smith, B. Jenks, J. Ruiz, J. Sessions, W. Vinje, J. Sobsey, M. TI Failure to detect infection by oral polio vaccine virus following natural exposure among inactivated polio vaccine recipients SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUSES; ERADICATION; EXPERIENCE; SEWAGE AB While oral polio vaccine (OPV) has been shown to be safe and effective, it has been observed that it can circulate within a susceptible population and revert to a virulent form. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) confers protection from paralytic disease, but provides limited protection against infection. It is possible, then, that an IPV-immunized population, when exposed to OPV, could sustain undetected circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus. This study examines the possibility of polio vaccine virus circulating within the United States (highly IPV-immunized) population that borders Mexico (OPV-immunized). A total of 653 stool and 20 sewage samples collected on the US side of the border were tested for the presence of poliovirus. All samples were found to be negative. These results suggest that the risk of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus is low in fully immunized IPV-using populations in developed countries that border OPV-using populations. C1 [Gary, H. E., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, B.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Harlingen, TX USA. [Ruiz, J.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Sessions, W.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Vinje, J.; Sobsey, M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gary, HE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hgary@cdc.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008321 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FC UT WOS:000259337000004 PM 17376256 ER PT J AU Iskander, J Broder, K AF Iskander, John Broder, Karen TI Monitoring the safety of annual and pandemic influenza vaccines: lessons from the US experience SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE influenza vaccine; pandemic; vaccine adverse events; vaccine safety ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; BELLS-PALSY; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION AB Annual use of influenza vaccines represents the largest vaccine campaign conducted in the USA. Recent expansions in influenza vaccine recommendations suggest a move toward 'universal' vaccination strategies. Although a great deal of safety data has been accumulated, concerns remain regarding rare, serious adverse events following immunization. A proven association between the 1976-1977 swine influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome halted that particular national vaccination campaign. Recently, annual influenza vaccines have been associated with novel adverse events, for example, oculorespiratory syndrome in Canada. Any vaccine used against an influenza strain of pandemic potential will have an incompletely described safety profile. Thus, the challenge of influenza vaccine safety is to detect new safety concerns that may arise during seasonal campaigns, while preparing vaccine safety systems for the timely detection of adverse events in the setting of a pandemic. C1 [Iskander, John; Broder, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iskander, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxi0@cdc.gov; krb2@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1586/14760584.7.1.75 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 360HF UT WOS:000260047900014 PM 18251695 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9999 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 265LY UT WOS:000253361600002 PM 18260810 ER PT J AU Karunaweera, ND Ferreira, MU Munasinghe, A Barnwell, JW Collins, WE King, CL Kawamoto, F Hartl, DL Wirth, DF AF Karunaweera, Nadira D. Ferreira, Marcelo U. Munasinghe, Anusha Barnwell, John W. Collins, William E. King, Christopher L. Kawamoto, Fumihiko Hartl, Daniel L. Wirth, Dyann F. TI Extensive microsatellite diversity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax SO GENE LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; polymorphism; population structure ID SURFACE PROTEIN-1 GENE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALLELIC DIVERSITY; SOUTHERN VIETNAM; FALCIPARUM; MARKERS; LOCUS; SELECTION; GENOTYPES; PATTERNS AB The population structure of Plasmodium vivax remains elusive. The markers of choice for large-scale population genetic studies of eukaryotes, short tandem repeats known as microsatellites, have been recently reported to be less polymorphic in R vivax. Here we investigate the microsatellite diversity and geographic structure in P vivax, at both local and global levels, using 14 new markers consisting of tri- or tetranucleotide repeats. The local-level analysis, which involved 50 field isolates from Sri Lanka, revealed unexpectedly high diversity (average virtual heterozygosity [H-E], 0.807) and significant multilocus linkage disequilibrium in this region of low malaria endemicity. Multiple-clone infections occurred in 60% of isolates sampled in 2005. The global-level analysis of field isolates or monkey-adapted strains identified 150 unique haplotypes among 164 parasites from four continents. Individual P. vivax isolates could not be unambiguously assigned to geographic populations. For example, we found relatively low divergence among parasites from Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania, but substantial differentiation between parasites from the same continent (South Asia and Southeast Asia) or even from the same country (Brazil). Parasite relapses, which may extend the duration of P. vivax carriage in humans, are suggested to facilitate the spread of strains across continents, breaking down any pre-existing geographic structure. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karunaweera, Nadira D.; Munasinghe, Anusha; Wirth, Dyann F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Karunaweera, Nadira D.] Univ Colombo, Malaria Res Unit, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Ferreira, Marcelo U.; Hartl, Daniel L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ferreira, Marcelo U.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Biomed Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Barnwell, John W.; Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [King, Christopher L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Kawamoto, Fumihiko] Oita Univ, Dept Social & Environm Med, Inst Sci Res, Oita 87011, Japan. RP Wirth, DF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dfwirth@hsph.harvard.edu RI Ferreira, Marcelo/G-8289-2011 OI Ferreira, Marcelo/0000-0002-5293-9090 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 061351] NR 41 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD FEB PY 2008 VL 410 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2007.11.022 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 284SX UT WOS:000254727200014 PM 18226474 ER PT J AU O'Flaherty, M Ford, E Allender, S Scarborough, P Capewell, S AF O'Flaherty, M. Ford, E. Allender, S. Scarborough, P. Capewell, S. TI Coronary heart disease trends in England and Wales from 1984 to 2004: concealed levelling of mortality rates among young adults SO HEART LA English DT Article ID CASE-FATALITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; POPULATION; STROKE; EVENT; MEN AB Background: Trends in cardiovascular risk factors among UK adults present a complex picture. Ominous increases in obesity and diabetes among young adults raise concerns about subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in this group. Objective: To examine recent trends in age- specific mortality rates from CHD, particularly those among younger adults. Methods and results: Mortality data from 1984 to 2004 were used to calculate age- specific mortality rates for British adults aged 35+ years, and joinpoint regression was used to assess changes in trends. Overall, the age-adjusted mortality rate decreased by 54.7% in men and by 48.3% in women. However, among men aged 35 44 years, CHD mortality rates in 2002 increased for the first time in over two decades. Furthermore, the recent declines in CHD mortality rates seem to be slowing in both men and women aged 45-54. Among older adults, however, mortality rates continued to decrease steadily throughout the period. Conclusions: The flattening mortality rates for CHD among younger adults may represent a sentinel event. Deteriorations in medical management of CHD appear implausible. Thus, unfavourable trends in risk factors for CHD, specifically obesity and diabetes, provide the most likely explanation for the observed trends. C1 [O'Flaherty, M.; Capewell, S.] Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. [Ford, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allender, S.; Scarborough, P.] Univ Oxford, Div Publ Hlth & Primary Care, BHF Hlth Promot Res Grp, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP O'Flaherty, M (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Whelan Bldg, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. EM m.oflaherty@liverpool.ac.uk RI Allender, Steven/G-9881-2011; OI Allender, Steven/0000-0002-4842-3294; O'Flaherty, Martin/0000-0001-8944-4131 FU Medical Research Council [G0500920] NR 22 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1355-6037 J9 HEART JI Heart PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1136/hrt.2007.118323 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 256QX UT WOS:000252745800013 PM 17641070 ER PT J AU Stone, ND Lewis, DR Lowery, HK Darrow, LA Kroll, CM Gaynes, RP Jernigan, JA McGowan, JE Tenover, FC Richards, CL AF Stone, Nimalie D. Lewis, Donna R. Lowery, H. K. Darrow, Lyndsey A. Kroll, Catherine M. Gaynes, Robert P. Jernigan, John A. McGowan, John E., Jr. Tenover, Fred C. Richards, Chesley L., Jr. TI Importance of bacterial burden among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers in a long-term care facility SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID NASAL CARRIAGE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; RESIDENTS; STRAINS AB objective. To evaluate the prevalence and transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization, as well as risk factors associated with MRSA carriage, among residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF). design. Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. setting. A 100-bed Veterans Administration LTCF. participants. All current and newly admitted residents of the LTCF during an 8-week study period. methods. Nasal swab samples were obtained weekly and cultured on MRSA-selective media, and the cultures were graded for growth on a semiquantitative scale from 0 (no growth) to 6 (heavy growth). Epidemiologic data for the periods before and during the study were collected to assess risk factors for MRSA carriage. results. Of 83 LTCF residents, 49 (59%) had 1 or more nasal swab cultures that were positive for MRSA; 34 (41%) were consistently culture-negative ( designated "noncarriers"). Of the 49 culture-positive residents, 30 (36% of the total of 83 residents) had all cultures positive for MRSA (designated "persistent carriers"), and 19 (23% of the 83 residents) had at least 1 culture, but not all cultures, positive for MRSA (designated "intermittent carriers"). Multivariate analysis showed that participants with at least 1 nasal swab culture positive for MRSA were likely to have had previous hospitalization (odds ratio, 3.9) or wounds (odds ratio, 8.2). Persistent carriers and intermittent carriers did not differ in epidemiologic characteristics but did differ in mean MRSA growth score (3.7 vs 0.7; P <.001) conclusions. Epidemiologic characteristics differed between noncarriers and subjects with at least 1 nasal swab culture positive for MRSA. However, in this LTCF population, only the degree of bacterial colonization (as reflected by mean MRSA growth score) distinguished persistent carriers from intermittent carriers. Understanding the burden of colonization may be important when determining future surveillance and control strategies. C1 [Stone, Nimalie D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Darrow, Lyndsey A.; Kroll, Catherine M.; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gaynes, Robert P.; Jernigan, John A.; Tenover, Fred C.; Richards, Chesley L., Jr.] Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lewis, Donna R.; Lowery, H. K.; Gaynes, Robert P.] Atlanta Vet Adm Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. RP Stone, ND (reprint author), Wesley Woods Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 1841 Clifton Rd,NE Room 527, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM nstone@emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1086/526437 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 248SH UT WOS:000252175000008 PM 18179369 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, MC Novaes, BC Morata, TC AF Bevilacqua, Maria Cecilia Novaes, Beatriz Caiu Morata, Thais C. TI Audiology in Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developing country; hearing loss; public health; communication disorders AB The profession of audiology took root in Brazil nearly a half a century ago and has since blossomed into a flourishing, well-developed field. Currently, audiologists in Brazil work at private institutions, including private medical practices and dedicated speech and hearing clinics. They are also employed in a wide array of public institutions, including community clinics, elementary schools, colleges, and universities. In both the private sector and health clinics, audiologists perform diagnostic evaluations of auditory and vestibular disorders, select and fit hearing aids, and provide aural rehabilitation. At the public level, they assist with workers' health programs, dispense hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation. There is always room to grow, however, and the future of audiology in Brazil holds both challenges and opportunity. The following article will sketch the development of audiology training and practice in Brazil, provide a picture of how the field stands today, and summarize the unique challenges which the profession faces in this large and diverse nation. C1 [Bevilacqua, Maria Cecilia] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Pesquisas Audiol, BR-17043900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Novaes, Beatriz Caiu] Pontificia Univ Catolica Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Morata, Thais C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Morata, Thais C.] Univ Tuiuiti Parana, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Bevilacqua, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Pesquisas Audiol, Rua Silvio Marchione,3-20 Bauru, BR-17043900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM cecilia@implantecoclear.com.br RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Bevilacqua, Maria /D-5675-2012 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1080/14992020701770843 PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 273BX UT WOS:000253906500001 PM 18236235 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Boffetta, P Little, J O'Brien, TR Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Balding, DJ Chokkalingam, A Dolan, SM Flanders, WD Higgins, JPT McCarthy, MI McDermott, DH Page, GP Rebbeck, TR Seminara, D Khoury, MJ AF Ioannidis, John P.A. Boffetta, Paolo Little, Julian O'Brien, Thomas R. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Vineis, Paolo Balding, David J. Chokkalingam, Anand Dolan, Siobhan M. Flanders, W. Dana Higgins, Julian P. T. McCarthy, Mark I. McDermott, David H. Page, Grier P. Rebbeck, Timothy R. Seminara, Daniela Khoury, Muin J. TI Assessment of cumulative evidence on genetic associations: interim guidelines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic methods; genetics; genomics; causality; evidence ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FACTOR-H POLYMORPHISM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; COMPLEX DISEASES; BREAST-CANCER; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; NO ASSOCIATION; LARGE-SCALE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Established guidelines for causal inference in epidemiological studies may be inappropriate for genetic associations. A consensus process was used to develop guidance criteria for assessing cumulative epidemiologic evidence in genetic associations. A proposed semi-quantitative index assigns three levels for the amount of evidence, extent of replication, and protection from bias, and also generates a composite assessment of strong, moderate or weak epidemiological credibility. In addition, we discuss how additional input and guidance can be derived from biological data. Future empirical research and consensus development are needed to develop an integrated model for combining epidemiological and biological evidence in the rapidly evolving field of investigation of genetic factors. C1 [Ioannidis, John P.A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Ioannina 45110, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P.A.] Fdn Res Technol, Biomed Res Inst, Ioannina 45110, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P.A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Boffetta, Paolo] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69008 Lyon, France. [Little, Julian] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Commun Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [O'Brien, Thomas R.] NIH, Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. [Uitterlinden, Andre G.] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Vineis, Paolo; Balding, David J.] Imperial Coll, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London W2 1PG, England. [Chokkalingam, Anand] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. [Dolan, Siobhan M.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30327 USA. [Higgins, Julian P. T.] Univ Forvie Site, Inst Publ Hlth, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [McCarthy, Mark I.] Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabet, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [McCarthy, Mark I.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BM, England. [McDermott, David H.] NIH, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Page, Grier P.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Rebbeck, Timothy R.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Seminara, Daniela] NIH, Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Epidemiol & Genet Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Ioannina 45110, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Balding, David/G-9898-2011; OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Balding, David/0000-0002-1480-6115; McDermott, David/0000-0001-6978-0867 FU Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [MC_U105285807] NR 83 TC 314 Z9 314 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1093/ije/dym159 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258YP UT WOS:000252906600022 PM 17898028 ER PT J AU Haley, CA Stephan, S Vossel, LF Sherfy, EA Laserson, KF Kainer, MA AF Haley, C. A. Stephan, S. Vossel, L. F. Sherfy, E. A. Laserson, K. F. Kainer, M. A. TI Successful use of rifampicin for Hispanic foreign-born patients with latent tuberculosis infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE latent tuberculosis infection; rifampicin; adherence; hepatotoxicity; foreign-born ID ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; TREATMENT COMPLETION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; JAIL; PYRAZINAMIDE; RELEASE; HEPATOTOXICITY; HOMELESS; INMATES AB SETTING: Four months of rifampicin (4R) is recommended for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), although data regarding its use are limited. The majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the USA occur among foreign-born persons. OBJECTIVE: To determine tolerability, hepatotoxicity and completion rates associated with 4R among foreign-born persons. DESIGN: We retrospectively evaluated 4R treatment among a cohort of predominantly Hispanic foreign-born LTBI patients in four Middle-Tennessee public health clinics from February 2000 to February 2004. Patients' charts were reviewed to abstract demographic, social and clinical data. 4R completion rates, new symptoms and hepatotoxicity (serum aminoalanine transferase >= 120U/l with gastrointestinal symptoms or >= 200 regardless of symptoms) were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 749 patients treated, 571 (76%) completed 4R. Among all subjects, Hispanics had a lower risk of non-completion (OR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4-0.7) than non-Hispanics. Among non-Hispanic subjects, the risk of non-completion was higher for Blacks than non-Blacks (adjusted OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.5-4.7), but was lower for foreign-born than non-foreign-born subjects (adjusted OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.2-0.9). During treatment, 85 subjects (11%) developed new symptoms, and hepatotoxicity occurred in three patients. CONCLUSION: With high completion rates and minimal side effects, 4R is a favorable LTBI treatment regimen for Hispanic and other foreign-born patients. C1 [Haley, C. A.; Stephan, S.; Vossel, L. F.; Sherfy, E. A.; Kainer, M. A.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Haley, C. A.; Stephan, S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. [Haley, C. A.; Laserson, K. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Haley, CA (reprint author), 1605 Tynewood Dr, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. EM Connie.haley@comcast.net NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 253BN UT WOS:000252493800008 PM 18230248 ER PT J AU Oeltmann, JE Chengeta, B Mboya, JJ Wells, CD Kilmarx, PH Samandari, T Nelson, LJ AF Oeltmann, J. E. Chengeta, B. Mboya, J. J. Wells, C. D. Kilmarx, P. H. Samandari, T. Nelson, L. J. TI Reported childhood tuberculosis treatment outcomes, Gaborone and Francistown, Botswana, 1998-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE childhood tuberculosis; treatment outcomes; Africa ID CLINICAL PRESENTATION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HIV-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; DOTS; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB SETTING: Botswana. OBJECTIVES: To estimate frequencies of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, assess the validity of reported treatment outcomes, and identify risk factors for death during TB treatment among children aged <15 years during 1998-2002. DESIGN: We examined TB treatment outcome frequencies using the national Electronic TB Registry (ETR) data. Treatment and medical records were reviewed to calculate predictive values (PV) for outcomes recorded in the ETR. We interviewed parents of children treated for TB and assessed risk factors for death during treatment via case-control study. RESULTS: Of 5483 patients, 3646 (67%) were cured or completed treatment and 5 77 (10.5%) died during treatment. The PV for ETR was 76% for death and 97% for cured or completed treatment. We interviewed parents of 91 children who died during treatment and 220 children who completed treatment. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was unknown for 76% of the children and 54% of the parents. Parent-reported adverse effects to anti-tuberculosis medication (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.9, 95% confidence limit [CL] 2.2-9.2), and lower patient age (aOR 2.2, 95%CL 1.2-4.2) were associated with death during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: TB control programs in Botswana should assess for potential adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis medication and expand HIV testing among children with TB and their parents. C1 [Oeltmann, J. E.; Wells, C. D.; Samandari, T.; Nelson, L. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Oeltmann, J. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Career & Workforce Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chengeta, B.; Kilmarx, P. H.; Samandari, T.] BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Mboya, J. J.] Minist Hlth, Botswana Natl TB Programme, Gaborone, Botswana. [Kilmarx, P. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oeltmann, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Re,NE MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeo3@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 186 EP 192 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 253BN UT WOS:000252493800012 PM 18230252 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Klausner, JD Kerndt, PR Shouse, RL Onorato, I McElroy, PD Schwendemann, J Tambe, PB Allen, M Coye, F Kent, CK Park, MN Hawkins, K Samoff, E Brooks, JT AF Buchacz, Kate Klausner, Jeffrey D. Kerndt, Peter R. Shouse, R. Luke Onorato, Ida McElroy, Peter D. Schwendemann, Joseph Tambe, Pradnya B. Allen, Michelle Coye, Frank Kent, Charlotte K. Park, Mahin N. Hawkins, Kellie Samoff, Erika Brooks, John T. TI HIV incidence among men diagnosed with early syphilis in Atlanta, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, 2004 to 2005 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE BED; HIV incidence; men who have sex with men; serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion; syphilis ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CD4 CELL COUNTS; UNITED-STATES; TESTING POPULATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; VIRAL LOAD; SEX; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; SEROCONVERSION AB Background: Syphilis outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States have raised concerns about increased HIV transmission in this population. We sought to estimate HIV incidence among men diagnosed with primary or secondary (P&S) syphilis in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Atlanta, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Methods: We analyzed deidentified sociodemographic information from routine syphilis surveillance databases and matching remnant sera from consecutive male patients with P&S syphilis who were tested for syphilis at 3 public health laboratories during January 2004 through January 2006. Deidentified sera positive for Treponema pallidum by particle agglutination were screened for HIV-I antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Specimens that were confirmed HIV-positive by Western blot analysis were then tested for recent HIV infection using the less sensitive (LS) HIV-1 Vironostika EIA and BED HIV-specific IgG/total IgG assay. Results: Of 357 men with P&S syphilis (98 in Atlanta, 151 in San Francisco, and 108 in Los Angeles), 32% had primary syphilis and 85% were MSM (12% no MSM risk and 3% no information). The median age was 36 years; 40% were white, 31% black, 20% Hispanic, and 8% other. Among men with P&S syphilis, 160 (45%) were HIV-positive, of whom 8 were classified as having acquired recent HIV infection by the LS-Vironostika EIA (all confirmed by BED) and had no history of antiretroviral use or HIV-positive results >6 months earlier. Seven of the 8 men with recent HIV infection were MSM. The estimated HIV incidence was 9.5% per year (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 2.9 to 16.0) among all men and 10.5% per year (95% CI: 2.7 to 18.3) among MSM. Conclusions: We found high HIV incidence among a high-risk population of US men diagnosed with P&S syphilis in STD clinics in Atlanta, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Intensive integrated HIV/STD prevention programs are needed for this population. C1 [Buchacz, Kate; Onorato, Ida; McElroy, Peter D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kent, Charlotte K.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. [Kerndt, Peter R.; Hawkins, Kellie] Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Shouse, R. Luke] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwendemann, Joseph] New York State Diagnost HIV Lab, Albany, NY USA. [Allen, Michelle; Coye, Frank] Fulton Cty Dept Hlth & Wellness, Atlanta, GA USA. [Park, Mahin N.] Dekalb Cty Board Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Samoff, Erika] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acu7@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 255VA UT WOS:000252684600014 PM 18340654 ER PT J AU Bollen, LJM Blanchard, K Kilmarx, PH Chaikummao, S Connolly, C Wasinrapee, P Srivirojana, N Achalapong, J Tappero, JW McNicholl, JM AF Bollen, Liesbeth J. M. Blanchard, Kelly Kilmarx, Peter H. Chaikummao, Supaporn Connolly, Cathy Wasinrapee, Punneporn Srivirojana, Nucharee Achalapong, Jullapong Tappero, Jordan W. McNicholl, Janet M. TI No increase in cervicovaginal proinflammatory cytokines after carraguard use in aplacebo-controlled randomized clinical trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Microbicides 2006 Conference CY APR 23-26, 2006 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA DE carraguard; cytokines; safety; vaginal microbicide ID VAGINAL MICROBICIDE; ACCEPTABILITY; SAFETY; GEL; TRANSMISSION; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Assessment of cervicovaginal cytokine levels may be helpful to evaluate subclinical epithelial inflammation during safety evaluations of candidate microbicides. Methods: Fifty-five HIV-scronegative Thai women were enrolled in a safety trial of the candidate microbicide Carraguard and were randomized to use Carraguard or placebo gel before vaginal sex. Cervicovaginal lavages were collected at baseline and after I month of gel use; levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, EL-6, IL-8, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were measured using microwell plate-based enzyme immunoassays. Median levels were compared between the baseline and 1-month follow-up visits using paired t tests; the median change between groups was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Women were examined for the presence of genital findings; the association between genital findings and cytokine levels was studied. Results: No increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines after use of Carraguard gel or placebo gel was observed during the study. The median change from the baseline to I month of follow-up was not significantly different between Carraguard and placebo groups (IL-1 beta:-0.3 pg/mL vs.-3.93 pg/mL; P = 0.4, IL-6:-0.3 pg/mL vs. 0 pg/mL; P = 0.3, IL-8:-40.1 pg/mL vs.-53.2 pg/mL; P = 0.8, and SLPI:-26.5 pg/mL vs. 12.6 pg/mL; P = 0.07). Genital findings with intact epithelium were found in 16 (29%) women; these women tended to have somewhat higher IL-6 levels than those with normal epithelium (14.9 pg/mL vs. 8.8 pg/mL; P = 0.08). Conclusion: We found no increase in proinflammatory cytokines after Carraguard and placebo gel use, suggesting that neither gel causes inflammation. Further studies to assess the role of cytokines in microbicide safety studies are warranted. C1 [Bollen, Liesbeth J. M.; Chaikummao, Supaporn; Wasinrapee, Punneporn; Tappero, Jordan W.; McNicholl, Janet M.] Tjaoand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Blanchard, Kelly; Srivirojana, Nucharee] Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kilmarx, Peter H.; Tappero, Jordan W.; McNicholl, Janet M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Connolly, Cathy] MRC S Africa, Durban, South Africa. [Achalapong, Jullapong] Chiang Rai Prov Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Bollen, LJM (reprint author), Tjaoand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Soi 4,Mail POB 139, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM lbollen@tuc.or.th NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 255VA UT WOS:000252684600017 PM 18025996 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Gift, TL AF Chesson, Harrell W. Gift, Thomas L. TI Decreases in AIDS mortality and increases in primary and secondary syphilis in men who have sex with men in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID RATES; HIV C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 263 EP 264 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 255VA UT WOS:000252684600021 PM 18223365 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Groom, H Zhou, FJ Kong, Y Shefer, AM Stokley, SK Shih, SC AF Bardenheier, Barbara H. Groom, Holly Zhou, Fangjun Kong, Yuan Shefer, Abigail M. Stokley, Shannon K. Shih, Sarah C. TI Managed care organizations' performance in delivery of adolescent immunizations, HEDIS (R), 1999-2002 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; immunization; HEDIS ID MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; IMPLEMENTATION; COVERAGE; VACCINATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; PHYSICIANS; BARRIERS; LAW AB Purpose: The Health Plan Employer Data Information Set (HEDIS (R)) provides comparative information across health plans to measure the quality of care and preventive services for health plan beneficiaries. We examined recent trends in adolescent immunizations recommended by the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) measured through HEDIS and reported to the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). Methods: The study was based on a longitudinal regression analysis of commercial managed care organizations' HEDIS measures from 1999-2002. HEDIS performance measures and plan characteristics include a sample of approximately 100-400 enrollees per plan each year. The outcome measures were the proportions of enrollees aged 13 years sampled in the plan who received measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), hepatitis B vaccine, and varicella vaccine. Results: The immunization rates for all three antigens increased significantly from 1999 to 2002 (MMR: 57-68%; hepatitis B: 28-51%; and varicella: 21-38%). Factors in the final multivariable models that were found to be significantly associated with increased proportions immunized with MMR vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and varicella vaccine include year of report, presence of school entry laws, years in business up to 25 years, and operating in the northeastern U.S. region; the only factor associated with decreasing immunization rates for all antigens was the number of providers per 100 commercial enrollees. Conclusions: Consistent with previous reports, adolescent immunization rates are improving yet remain suboptimal. Strategies to increase immunization rates, as well as to improve documentation of immunization status, among commercial health insurance plans need to be developed and implemented. (C) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Bardenheier, Barbara H.; Groom, Holly; Zhou, Fangjun; Kong, Yuan; Shefer, Abigail M.; Stokley, Shannon K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shih, Sarah C.] Natl Comm Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BFB7@cdc.gov OI Groom, Holly/0000-0003-2866-9788 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.030 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 256SJ UT WOS:000252749800005 PM 18207091 ER PT J AU Fisher, HH Eke, AN Cance, JD Hawkins, SR Lam, WKK AF Fisher, Holly H. Eke, Agatha N. Cance, Jessica D. Hawkins, Stephanie R. Lam, Wendy K. K. TI Correlates of HIV-related risk behaviors in African American adolescents from substance-using families: Patterns of adolescent-level factors associated with sexual experience and substance use SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; African American; crack cocaine; HIV/AIDS; risk factors; sexual behavior; substance use ID EARLY INITIATION; INJECTION-DRUG; CRACK-COCAINE; YOUTH; URBAN; PERSPECTIVE; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; INTERCOURSE; PREVENTION AB Purpose: To examine adolescent-level correlates of HIV-related risk behaviors among urban African American adolescents whose mothers use crack cocaine. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 208 African American adolescents (aged 12-17 years) to assess psychosocial, behavioral, and perceived environment correlates of HIV-related risk behavior. Adolescents were children of community-recruited African American women not currently in drug treatment who reported crack cocaine use (in last 6 months). Bivariate and multi-variate regression models were used to evaluate associations among adolescent-level factors, sexual experience, and substance use. Results: Of the adolescents, 30% reported being sexually experienced, and 23% reported alcohol or drug use in the past month. Older age and lower school satisfaction were associated with both sexual experience and substance use, but no other factors were associated with both risk behaviors. Male gender, current substance use, high HIV/AIDS knowledge, and high risk perception were associated with being sexual experienced. Sexual experience and lower expectations for future fife outcomes were associated with substance use. A general pattern of protective factors related to attitudes about future goals, help-seeking behavior, and positive feelings about school emerged for substance use. Conclusions: These results suggest that the patterns of adolescent-level risk and protective factors for sexual experience and substance use may be unique in African American adolescents from substance-abusing families. Instead of an increase in problem behaviors associated with using substances, protective factors were evident, suggesting these adolescents may have resiliency for dealing with environmental stressors related to substance use. Implications for HIV prevention programs involving mentoring and goal development are discussed. (C) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Fisher, Holly H.; Eke, Agatha N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cance, Jessica D.; Hawkins, Stephanie R.; Lam, Wendy K. K.] RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fisher, HH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hfisher@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [R18/CCR420942] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.006 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 256SJ UT WOS:000252749800008 PM 18207094 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Smith, JP Sammons, DL Mackenzie, BA Parks, CG AF Biagini, R. E. Smith, J. P. Sammons, D. L. Mackenzie, B. A. Parks, C. G. TI Elevated serum IgE concentrations in systemic lupus erythematosus are related to history of childhood allergy, asthma, and hives SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Biagini, R. E.; Smith, J. P.; Sammons, D. L.; Mackenzie, B. A.; Parks, C. G.] NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 877 BP S228 EP S228 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.900 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401341 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Hettick, JM Schmechel, D Kashon, ML Slaven, JE Blachere, FM Buskirk, A Janotka, E Siegel, PD Beezhold, DH AF Green, B. J. Hettick, J. M. Schmechel, D. Kashon, M. L. Slaven, J. E. Blachere, F. M. Buskirk, A. Janotka, E. Siegel, P. D. Beezhold, D. H. TI Identifying fungal isolates using matrix-assisted laser Desorption/Ionization time-of-flight mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Green, B. J.; Hettick, J. M.; Schmechel, D.; Kashon, M. L.; Slaven, J. E.; Blachere, F. M.; Buskirk, A.; Janotka, E.; Siegel, P. D.; Beezhold, D. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 BP S270 EP S270 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1072 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401508 ER PT J AU Kirshenbaum, AS Hair, GA Ansari, AA Secor, WE Gilfillan, AM Metcalfe, DD Sundstrom, JB AF Kirshenbaum, A. S. Hair, G. A. Ansari, A. A. Secor, W. E. Gilfillan, A. M. Metcalfe, D. D. Sundstrom, J. B. TI Demonstration that IgE influences HIV coreceptor usage and viral phenotype during ontogeny of human mast cells SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Kirshenbaum, A. S.; Gilfillan, A. M.; Metcalfe, D. D.] NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hair, G. A.; Ansari, A. A.; Sundstrom, J. B.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Secor, W. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 541 BP S140 EP S140 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1142 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401005 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Zhu, Y Griffin, MR Heil, LH Weinberg, GA Hall, CB Szilagyi, PG Lu, X Iwane, MK Edwards, KM Williams, JV AF Miller, E. K. Zhu, Y. Griffin, M. R. Heil, L. H. Weinberg, G. A. Hall, C. B. Szilagyi, P. G. Lu, X. Iwane, M. K. Edwards, K. M. Williams, J. V. TI Genetically diverse rhinoviruses and history of wheezing/asthma among hospitalized children: A two-year surveillance study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Miller, E. K.; Heil, L. H.; Edwards, K. M.; Williams, J. V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Zhu, Y.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffin, M. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffin, M. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Weinberg, G. A.; Hall, C. B.; Szilagyi, P. G.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. [Iwane, M. K.; Edwards, K. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 561 BP S145 EP S145 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1116 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401025 ER PT J AU Sercombe, JK Green, BJ Rimmer, J Burton, PK Katelaris, CH Tovey, ER AF Sercombe, J. K. Green, B. J. Rimmer, J. Burton, P. K. Katelaris, C. H. Tovey, E. R. TI Atopic human IgE binding to Platanus sp aeroallergens identified by the halogen immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Sercombe, J. K.; Rimmer, J.; Tovey, E. R.] Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Green, B. J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Burton, P. K.; Katelaris, C. H.] Univ Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 76 BP S20 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.082 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426400077 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Sheikh, MA Islam, MS Rahman, KS Jahan, N Rahman, MM Hoekstra, RM Johnston, R Ram, PK Luby, S AF Gupta, S. K. Sheikh, M. A. Islam, M. S. Rahman, K. S. Jahan, N. Rahman, M. M. Hoekstra, R. M. Johnston, R. Ram, P. K. Luby, S. TI Usefulness of the hydrogen sulfide test for assessment of water quality in Bangladesh SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; diarrhoea; drinking water; hydrogen sulfide; water quality ID DRINKING-WATER; CONTAMINATION AB Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of the hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) test for assessing water quality in Bangladesh. Methods and results: We tested 382 water samples from a variety of sources using locally produced H(2)S test kits and laboratory-based membrane filtration for the detection of Escherichia coli. Compared with membrane filtration, H(2)S tests, when incubated for 24 h, had both a sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of < 40% when analysis was restricted to water samples with E. coli levels below 100 colony forming units (CFU) per 100 ml. In contrast, for E. coli levels from 1000 to 9999 CFU per 100 ml, sensitivity was 94% and PPV 88%; specificity was 97% and negative predictive value was 99%. Conclusions: The hydrogen sulfide test, when incubated at 24 h, is a promising alternative for assessing water quality where E. coli levels may be high. An improved understanding of the incremental impact of contamination level on health is needed to better determine its usefulness. Significance and Impact of the Study: The hydrogen sulfide test is inexpensive, easy to use and portable. Its use may allow rapid assessment of water quality in situations where cost or logistics prevent use of other testing methods, such as in remote areas or during floods and other natural disasters. C1 [Gupta, S. K.; Hoekstra, R. M.; Ram, P. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sheikh, M. A.; Islam, M. S.; Rahman, K. S.; Jahan, N.; Rahman, M. M.; Luby, S.] Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Johnston, R.] United Nat Childrens Fund, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Ram, P. K.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scg7@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03562.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 253CK UT WOS:000252496100007 PM 17922823 ER PT J AU Tarr, CL Nelson, AM Beutin, L Olsen, KEP Whittam, TS AF Tarr, Cheryl L. Nelson, Adam M. Beutin, Lothar Olsen, Katharina E. P. Whittam, Thomas S. TI Molecular characterization reveals similar virulence gene content in unrelated clonal groups of Escherichia coli of serogroup O174 (OX3) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENOME SEQUENCE; STRAINS; PREVALENCE; O157-H7; EAE AB Most severe illnesses that are attributed to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are caused by isolates many that also carry a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). However, cases of severe disease are associated with LEE-negative strains. We characterized the virulence gene content and the evolutionary relationships of Escherichia coli isolates of serogroup O174 (formerly OX3), strains of which have been implicated in cases of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. A total of 56 isolates from humans, farm animals, and food were subjected to multilocus virulence gene profiling (MVGP), and a subset of 16 isolates was subjected to multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The MLSA revealed that the O174 isolates fall into four separate evolutionary clusters within the E. coli phylogeny and are related to a diverse array of clonal groups, including enteropathogenic E. coli 2 (EPEC 2), enterohemorrhagic E. coli 2 (EHEC 2), and EHEC-O121. Of the 15 genes that we surveyed with MVGP, only 6 are common in the O174 strains. The different clonal groups within the O174 serogroup appear to have independently acquired and maintained similar sets of genes that include the Shiga toxins (stx(1) and stx(2)) and two adhesins (saa and iha). The absence of certain O island (OI) genes, such as those found on OI-122, is consistent with the notion that certain pathogenicity islands act cooperatively with the LEE island. C1 [Tarr, Cheryl L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Tarr, Cheryl L.; Nelson, Adam M.; Whittam, Thomas S.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beutin, Lothar] Fed Inst Risk Assesment BfR, Natl Reference Lab Escherichia Coli, D-12277 Berlin, Germany. [Olsen, Katharina E. P.] State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Tarr, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM crt6@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI65299, R01 AI047499, N01-AI-65299, AI-47499] NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 190 IS 4 BP 1344 EP 1349 DI 10.1128/JB.01317-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 260JE UT WOS:000253005800022 PM 18083801 ER PT J AU Erwin, AL Sandstedt, SA Bonthuis, PJ Geelhood, JL Nelson, KL Unrath, WCT Diggle, MA Theodore, MJ Pleatman, CR Mothershed, EA Sacchi, CT Mayer, LW Gilsdorf, JR Smith, AL AF Erwin, Alice L. Sandstedt, Sara A. Bonthuis, Paul J. Geelhood, Jennifer L. Nelson, Kevin L. Unrath, William C. T. Diggle, Mathew A. Theodore, Mary J. Pleatman, Cynthia R. Mothershed, Elizabeth A. Sacchi, Claudio T. Mayer, Leonard W. Gilsdorf, Janet R. Smith, Arnold L. TI Analysis of genetic relatedness of Haemophilus influenzae isolates by multilocus sequence typing SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OTITIS-MEDIA; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; HIA GENES; STRAINS; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY; CHILDREN AB The gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus influenzae is a human-restricted commensal of the nasopharynx that can also be associated with disease. The majority of H. influenzae respiratory isolates lack the genes for capsule production and are nontypeable (NTHI). Whereas encapsulated strains are known to belong to serotype-specific phylogenetic groups, the structure of the NTHI population has not been previously described. A total of 656 H. influenzae strains, including 322 NTHI strains, have been typed by multilocus sequence typing and found to have 359 sequence types (ST). We performed maximum-parsimony analysis of the 359 sequences and calculated the majority-rule consensus of 4,545 resulting equally most parsimonious trees. Eleven clades were identified, consisting of six or more ST on a branch that was present in 100% of trees. Two additional clades were defined by branches present in 91% and 82% of trees, respectively. Of these 13 clades, 8 consisted predominantly of NTHI strains, three were serotype specific, and 2 contained distinct NTHI-specific and serotype-specific clusters of strains. Sixty percent of NTHI strains have ST within one of the 13 clades, and eBURST analysis identified an additional phylogenetic group that contained 20% of NTHI strains. There was concordant clustering of certain metabolic reactions and putative virulence loci but not of disease source or geographic origin. We conclude that well-defined phylogenetic groups of NTHI strains exist and that these groups differ in genetic content. These observations will provide a framework for further study of the effect of genetic diversity on the interaction of NTHI with the host. C1 [Erwin, Alice L.; Bonthuis, Paul J.; Geelhood, Jennifer L.; Nelson, Kevin L.; Unrath, William C. T.; Smith, Arnold L.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Microbial Pathogens Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sandstedt, Sara A.; Gilsdorf, Janet R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Diggle, Mathew A.] Stobhill Gen Hosp, Scottish Meningococcus & Pneumococcus Reference L, Glasgow G21 3UW, Lanark, Scotland. [Theodore, Mary J.; Pleatman, Cynthia R.; Mothershed, Elizabeth A.; Sacchi, Claudio T.; Mayer, Leonard W.] CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gilsdorf, Janet R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Commun Dis, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Smith, Arnold L.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Erwin, AL (reprint author), Vertex Pharmaceut Inc, 130 Waverly St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM alice_erwin@vrtx.com RI Sandstedt, Sara/A-3001-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 083893, R01 HL083893]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046512, AI 44002, AI 46512, R01 AI044002]; NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 05840, R01 DC005840] NR 55 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 190 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1483 DI 10.1128/JB.01207-07 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 260JE UT WOS:000253005800036 PM 18065541 ER PT J AU Legro, RS Pauli, JG Kunselman, AR Meadows, JW Kesner, JS Zaino, RJ Demers, LM Gnatuk, CL Dodson, WC AF Legro, Richard S. Pauli, Jaimey G. Kunselman, Allen R. Meadows, Juliana W. Kesner, James S. Zaino, Richard J. Demers, Laurence M. Gnatuk, Carol L. Dodson, William C. TI Effects of continuous versus cyclical oral contraception: A randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; MENSTRUAL DISTRESS QUESTIONNAIRE; PILL-FREE INTERVAL; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; BLEEDING PATTERNS; DATA-COLLECTION; CYCLE CONTROL; MU-G; WOMEN; ACCEPTABILITY AB Context: Continuous oral contraception may better suppress the ovary and endometrium, lending itself to the treatment of other medical conditions. Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of continuous vs. cyclical oral contraception. Design: This was a randomized double-blind trial. Setting: This trial was performed at an academic medical center in Pennsylvania. Patients: A total of 62 healthy women with regular menses were included in the study. Intervention: Cyclical oral contraception (21-d active/7-d placebo given for six consecutive 28-d cycles) vs. continuous (168-d active pill)therapy using a monophasic pill (20 mu g ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethindrone acetate) was examined. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was vaginal bleeding, and secondary outcomes included hormonal, pelvic ultrasound, quality of life, and safety measures. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the number of total bleeding days between groups, but moderate/heavy bleeding was significantly greater with the cyclical regimen [mean 11.0 d (SD8.5) vs. continuous 5.2 d (SD 6.8); P= 0.005], with both groups decreasing overtime. Endogenous serum and urinary estrogens measured over six cycles were significantly lower (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively) in the continuous group than the cyclical group. Women in the continuous group also had a smaller ovarian volume and lead follicle size over the course of the trial by serial ultrasound examinations. The Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire showed that women on continuous therapy had less associated menstrual pain (P = 0.01) and favorable improvements in behavior (P = 0.04) during the premenstrual period. Conclusions: Continuous oral contraception does not result in a reduction of bleeding days over a 168-d period of observation but provides greater suppression of the ovary and endometrium. These effects are associated with improved patient symptomatology. C1 [Legro, Richard S.; Pauli, Jaimey G.; Gnatuk, Carol L.; Dodson, William C.] Penn State Univ Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Zaino, Richard J.] Penn State Univ Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Demers, Laurence M.] Penn State Univ Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Med, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Kunselman, Allen R.] Penn State Univ Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Meadows, Juliana W.; Kesner, James S.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Legro, RS (reprint author), Penn State Univ Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Coll Med, 500 Univ Dr,H103, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM RSL1@PSU.EDU FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR010732, M01RR10732, C06 RR016499]; NICHD NIH HHS [K24 HD001476, K24 HD01476, R01HD43332, R01 HD043332] NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-2287 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 262RN UT WOS:000253165800015 PM 18056769 ER PT J AU Killgore, G Thompson, A Johnson, S Brazier, J Kuijper, E Pepin, J Frost, EH Savelkoul, P Nicholson, B van den Berg, RJ Kato, H Sambol, SP Zukowski, W Woods, C Limbago, B Gerding, DN McDonald, LC AF Killgore, George Thompson, Angela Johnson, Stuart Brazier, Jon Kuijper, Ed Pepin, Jacques Frost, Eric H. Savelkoul, Paul Nicholson, Brad van den Berg, Renate J. Kato, Haru Sambol, Susan P. Zukowski, Walter Woods, Christopher Limbago, Brandi Gerding, Dale N. McDonald, L. Clifford TI Comparison of seven techniques for typing international epidemic strains of Clostfidium difficile: Restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR-ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and surface layer protein A gene sequence typing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; CANADA; SCHEME; TOXIN; HOSPITALS; DIVERSITY; OUTBREAK; COLITIS; SYSTEMS AB Using 42 isolates contributed by laboratories in Canada, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we compared the results of analyses done with seven Clostridium difficile typing techniques: multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), surface layer protein A gene sequence typing (slpAST), PCR-ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We assessed the discriminating ability and typeability of each technique as well as the agreement among techniques in grouping isolates by allele profile A (AP-A) through AP-F, which are defined by toxinotype, the presence of the binary toxin gene, and deletion in the tcdC gene. We found that all isolates were typeable by all techniques and that discrimination index scores for the techniques tested ranged from 0.964 to 0.631 in the following order. MLVA, REA, PFGE, slpAST, PCR-ribotyping, MLST, and AFLP. All the techniques were able to distinguish the current epidemic strain of C. difficile (BI/027/NAP1) from other strains. All of the techniques showed multiple types for AP-A (toxinotype 0, binary toxin negative, and no tcdC gene deletion). REA, slpAST, MLST, and PCR-ribotyping all included AP-B (toxinotype III, binary toxin positive, and an 18-bp deletion in WC) in a single group that excluded other APs. PFGE, AFLP, and MLVA grouped two, one, and two different non-AP-B isolates, respectively, with their AP-B isolates. All techniques appear to be capable of detecting outbreak strains, but only REA and MLVA showed sufficient discrimination to distinguish strains from different outbreaks. C1 [Killgore, George; Thompson, Angela; Limbago, Brandi; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johnson, Stuart; Sambol, Susan P.; Zukowski, Walter; Gerding, Dale N.] Hines VA Hosp, Hines, IL USA. [Brazier, Jon] Microbiol Cardiff Univ Hosp Wales, Natl Publ Hlth Serv Wales, Anarobe Reference Lab, Cardiff, Wales. [Kuijper, Ed; van den Berg, Renate J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Med Microbiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Pepin, Jacques; Frost, Eric H.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Nicholson, Brad; Woods, Christopher] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Kato, Haru] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacterial Pathogenesis & Infect Control, Tokyo, Japan. [Savelkoul, Paul] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Control, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Limbago, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS 16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bb17@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1128/JCM.01484-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300005 PM 18039796 ER PT J AU Santos, N Honma, S Timenetsky, MDST Linhares, AC Ushijima, H Armah, GE Gentsch, JR Hoshino, Y AF Santos, Norma Honma, Shinjiro Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo S. T. Linhares, Alexandre C. Ushijima, Hiroshi Armah, George E. Gentsch, Jon R. Hoshino, Yasutaka TI Development of a microtiter plate hybridization-based PCR-enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay for identification of clinically relevant human group A rotavirus G and P genotypes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIGH-FREQUENCY; VP7 GENE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES; REASSORTANT VACCINE; MIXED INFECTIONS; UNUSUAL STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN AB A microtiter plate hybridization-based PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) has been used for the detection and identification of a variety of microorganisms. Here, we report the development of a PCR-ELISA for the identification of clinically relevant human rotavirus VP7 (G1 to G6, G8 to G10, and G12) and VP4 (P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and P[14]) genotypes. The G and P types of reference human and animal rotavirus strains for which specific probes were available were correctly identified by the PCR-ELISA. In addition, reference strains bearing G or P genotypes for which specific probes were unavailable, such as G11, G14, P[3], P[10], and P[11], did not display any cross-reactivity to the probes. The usefulness of the assay was further evaluated by analyzing a total of 396 rotavirus-positive stool samples collected in four countries: Brazil, Ghana, Japan, and the United States. The results of this study showed that the PCR-ELISA was sensitive and easy to perform without the use of any expensive and sophisticated equipment, the reagents used are easy to obtain commercially and advantageous over multiplex PCR since more than one type-specific probe is used and the selection of probes is more flexible. C1 [Santos, Norma] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Virol, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Santos, Norma; Honma, Shinjiro; Hoshino, Yasutaka] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo S. T.] Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Linhares, Alexandre C.] Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Ushijima, Hiroshi] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Armah, George E.] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. [Gentsch, Jon R.] CDC, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis,Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santos, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Virol, Inst Microbiol, Cidade Univ,CCS-Bl I, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM nsantos@micro.ufrj.br RI TIMENETSKY, MARIA/I-7593-2013; Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 83 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1128/JCM.01361-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300010 PM 18057127 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Holloway, B Dare, RK Kuypers, J Yagi, S Williams, JV Hall, CB Erdman, DD AF Lu, Xiaoyan Holloway, Brian Dare, Ryan K. Kuypers, Jane Yagi, Shigeo Williams, John V. Hall, Caroline B. Erdman, Dean D. TI Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RT-PCR; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; ENTEROVIRUS RNA; RAPID DETECTION; NESTED PCR; CHILDREN; PICORNAVIRUS AB Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are important contributors to respiratory disease, but their healthcare burden remains unclear, primarily because of the lack of sensitive, accurate, and convenient means of determining their causal role. To address this, we developed and clinically validated the sensitivity and specificity of a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay targeting the viral 5' noncoding region defined by sequences obtained from all 100 currently recognized HRV prototype strains and 85 recently circulating field isolates. The assay successfully amplified all HRVs tested and could reproducibly detect 50 HRV RNA transcript copies, with a dynamic range of over 7 logs. In contrast, a quantified RNA transcript of human enterovirus 68 (HEV68) that showed the greatest sequence homology to the HRV primers and probe set was not detected below a concentration of 5 x 10(5) copies per reaction. Nucleic acid extracts of 111 coded respiratory specimens that were culture positive for HRV or HEV were tested with the HRV real-time RT-PCR assay and by two independent laboratories that used different in-house HRV/HEV RT-PCR assays. Eighty-seven HRV-culture-positive specimens were correctly identified by the real-time RT-PCR assay, and 4 of the 24 HEV-positive samples were positive for HRV. HRV-specific sequences subsequently were identified in these four specimens, suggesting HRV/HEV coinfection in these patients. The assay was successfully applied in an investigation of a coincidental outbreak of HRV respiratory illness among laboratory staff. C1 [Lu, Xiaoyan; Dare, Ryan K.; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Holloway, Brian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kuypers, Jane] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yagi, Shigeo] Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. [Williams, John V.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Williams, John V.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN USA. [Hall, Caroline B.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Infect Dis, Rochester, NY USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), 1600 Califton Rd,NE Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov RI Williams, John/F-6962-2010 OI Williams, John/0000-0001-8377-5175 NR 51 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1128/JCM.01739-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300021 PM 18057136 ER PT J AU Lydy, SL Eremeeva, ME Asnis, D Paddock, CD Nicholson, WL Silverman, DJ Dasch, GA AF Lydy, Shari L. Eremeeva, Marina E. Asnis, Deborah Paddock, Christopher D. Nicholson, William L. Silverman, David J. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Isolation and characterization of Bartonella bacilliformis from an expatriate Ecuadorian SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE PROVINCE; CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; CARRIONS-DISEASE; OROYA FEVER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; HENSELAE; INFECTION; PATIENT AB Carrion's disease is typically biphasic with acute febrile illness characterized by bacteremia and severe hemolytic anemia (Oroya fever), followed by benign, chronic cutaneous lesions (verruga peruana). The causative agent, Bartonella bacilliformis, is endemic in specific regions of Peru and Ecuador. We describe atypical infection in an expatriate patient who presented with acute splenomegaly and anemia 3 years after visiting Ecuador. Initial serology and PCR of the patient's blood and serum were negative for Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and B. bacilliformis. Histology of splenic biopsy was suggestive of bacillary angiomatosis, but immunohistochemistry ruled out B. henselae and B. quintana. Bacilli (isolate EC-01) were subsequently cultured from the patient's blood and analyzed using multilocus sequence typing, protein gel electrophoresis with Western blotting, and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against a panel of sera from patients with Oroya fever in Peru. The EC-01 nucleotide sequences (glt4 and internal transcribed spacer) and protein band banding pattern were most similar to a subset of B. bacilliformis isolates from the region of Caraz, Ancash, in Peru, where B. bacilliformis is endemic. By IFA, the patient's serum reacted strongly to two out of the three Peruvian B. bacilliformis isolates tested, and EC-01 antigen reacted with 13/20 Oroya fever sera. Bacilliary angiomatosis-like lesions were also detected in the spleen of the patient, who was inapparently infected with B. bacillifortmis and who presumably acquired infection in a region of Ecuador where B. bacilliformis was not thought to be endemic. This study suggests that the range of B. bacilliformis may be expanding from areas of endemicity in Ecuador and that infection may present as atypical clinical disease. C1 [Lydy, Shari L.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Nicholson, William L.; Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Paddock, Christopher D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Asnis, Deborah] Flushing Hosp & Med Ctr, Med Ctr, Flushing, NY 11355 USA. [Silverman, David J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lydy, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SLydy@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1128/JCM.01207-07 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300034 PM 18094131 ER PT J AU Kosoy, M Morway, C Sheff, KW Bai, Y Colborn, J Chalcraft, L Dowell, SF Peruski, LF Maloney, SA Baggett, H Sutthirattana, S Sidhirat, A Maruyama, S Kabeya, H Chomel, BB Kasten, R Popov, V Robinson, J Kruglov, A Petersen, LR AF Kosoy, Michael Morway, Christina Sheff, Kelly W. Bai, Ying Colborn, James Chalcraft, Linda Dowell, Scott F. Peruski, Leonard F. Maloney, Susan A. Baggett, Henry Sutthirattana, Saithip Sidhirat, Anussorn Maruyama, Soichi Kabeya, Hidenori Chomel, Bruno B. Kasten, Rickie Popov, Vsevolod Robinson, Jennilee Kruglov, Alexander Petersen, Lyle R. TI Bartonella tamiae sp nov., a newly recognized pathogen isolated from three human patients from Thailand SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; HENSELAE AB Three strains of a novel Bartonella species (Bartonella tamiae) were isolated from human patients from Thailand. Sequence analysis of six chromosomal regions (16S rRNA, gltA, groEL,ftsZ, rpoB, and the intergenic spacer region) and phenotypical analysis supported the similarity of the three strains and placed them within the genus Bartonella separately from previously described species. C1 [Kosoy, Michael; Morway, Christina; Sheff, Kelly W.; Bai, Ying; Colborn, James; Chalcraft, Linda; Petersen, Lyle R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Dowell, Scott F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peruski, Leonard F.; Maloney, Susan A.; Baggett, Henry; Sutthirattana, Saithip] Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Sidhirat, Anussorn] Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Maruyama, Soichi; Kabeya, Hidenori] Nihon Univ, Dept Vet Med, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. [Chomel, Bruno B.; Kasten, Rickie] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Popov, Vsevolod; Robinson, Jennilee] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Kruglov, Alexander] Sechenovs Moscow Med Acad, Moscow 11988, Russia. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 9 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 772 EP 775 DI 10.1128/JCM.02120-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300058 PM 18077632 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Brown, JM Fisher, JF AF Rose, Charles E., III Brown, June M. Fisher, John F. TI Brain abscess caused by streptomyces infection following penetration trauma: Case report and results of susceptibility analysis of 92 isolates of streptomyces species submitted to the CDC from 2000 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MYCETOMA; PATIENT AB The case of a patient who presented with a brain abscess caused by Streptomyces infection following penetrating cerebral trauma with a soil-contaminated object generated an interest in optimizing antimicrobial therapy. Collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention led to the analysis of susceptibility data for Streptomyces isolates that suggested that amikacin (100% susceptibility for 92 isolates tested) and linezolid, an oxazolidinone (100% susceptibility for 41 isolates tested), offer reliable activity against all isolates. C1 [Rose, Charles E., III; Fisher, John F.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Brown, June M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rose, CE (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, BA 5300,15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM crose@mcg.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1128/JCM.01132-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300071 PM 18094128 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Ross, DS Dollard, SC AF Grosse, Scott D. Ross, Danielle S. Dollard, Sheila C. TI Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a cause of permanent bilateral hearing loss: A quantitative assessment SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE sensorineural; late-onset; newborn screening; developmental disability; sequelae ID LONG-TERM; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPAIRMENT; ETIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY AB Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children, but the magnitude of its contribution is uncertain. Quantifying the impact of congenital CMV infection requires an evidence-based assessment using a standard case definition of hearing loss. Objectives: To determine the frequency of bilateral moderate to profound SNHL in children with congenital CMV infection and to estimate the CMV-attributable fraction of bilateral moderate to profound SNHL. Study design: A systematic review of studies of children with congenital CMV infection ascertained in an unbiased manner through universal newborn screening for CMV using viral culture in urine or saliva specimens in combination with a review of the literature on congenital CMV infection and hearing loss, including articles of all types. Results: Approximately, 14% of children with congenital CMV infection develop SNHL of some type, and 3-5% develop bilateral moderate to profound SNHL. Among all children with bilateral moderate to profound SNHL, we estimate that 15-20% of cases are attributable to congenital CMV infection. Conclusions: Congenital CMV infection is one of the most important causes of hearing loss in young children, second only to genetic mutations, and is potentially preventable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Grosse, Scott D.; Ross, Danielle S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dollard, Sheila C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.09.004 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 273GT UT WOS:000253919100001 PM 17959414 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Balluz, LS Moriarty, DG Mokdad, AH AF Strine, Tara W. Chapman, Daniel P. Balluz, Lina S. Moriarty, David G. Mokdad, Ali H. TI The associations between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life, chronic illness, and health behaviors among US community-dwelling adults SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE life satisfaction; health behaviors; quality of life; chronic illness; surveillance ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; 18-TO 64-YEAR-OLD SWEDES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER-ADULTS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; SELF-ESTEEM; DEPRESSION; PERSONALITY; PREDICTORS; ANXIETY AB The primary purpose of this article was to examine the associations between life satisfaction level and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), chronic illness, and adverse health behaviors among adults in the U. S. and its territories. Data were obtained from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U. S. population aged 18 years. An estimated 5.6% of U. S. adults (about 12 million) reported that they were dissatisfied/very dissatisfied with their lives. As the level of life satisfaction decreased, the prevalence of fair/poor general health, disability, and infrequent social support increased as did the mean number of days in the past 30 days of physical distress, mental distress, activity limitation, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep insufficiency, and pain. The prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and heavy drinking also increased with decreasing level of life satisfaction. Moreover, adults with chronic illnesses were significantly more likely than those without to report life dissatisfaction. Notably, all of these associations remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our findings showed that HRQOL and health risk behaviors varied with level of life satisfaction. As life satisfaction appears to encompass many individual life domains, it may be an important concept for public health research. C1 [Strine, Tara W.; Chapman, Daniel P.; Balluz, Lina S.; Moriarty, David G.; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4 PG 11 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241GA UT WOS:000251643700005 PM 18080207 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Oong, E Kohn, W Vidakovic, B Gooch, BF Bader, J Clarkson, J Fontana, MR Meyer, DM Rozier, RG Weintraub, JA Zero, DT AF Griffin, S. O. Oong, E. Kohn, W. Vidakovic, B. Gooch, B. F. Bader, J. Clarkson, J. Fontana, M. R. Meyer, D. M. Rozier, R. G. Weintraub, J. A. Zero, D. T. CA CDC Dent Sealant Systmatic Review TI The effectiveness of sealants in managing caries lesions SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pit and fissure sealants; caries ID DENTAL-CARIES; FISSURE SEALANTS; HEALTH PROGRAM; PIT; SURFACES AB A barrier to providing sealants is concern about inadvertently sealing over caries. This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of sealants in preventing caries progression. We searched electronic databases for comparative studies examining caries progression in sealed permanent teeth. We used a random-effects model to estimate percentage reduction in the probability of caries progression in sealed vs. unsealed carious teeth. Six studies, including 4 randomized-controlled trials (RCT) judged to be of fair quality, were included in the analysis (384 persons, 840 teeth, and 1090 surfaces). The median annual percentage of non-cavitated lesions progressing was 2.6% for sealed and 12.6% for unsealed carious teeth. The summary prevented fraction for RCT was 71.3% (95% CI: 52.8%-82.5, no heterogeneity) up to 5 years after placement. Despite variation among studies in design and conduct, sensitivity analysis found the effect to be consistent in size and direction. Sealing non-cavitated caries in permanent teeth is effective in reducing caries progression. C1 [Griffin, S. O.; Oong, E.; Kohn, W.; Gooch, B. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance Invest, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Griffin, S. O.; Oong, E.; Kohn, W.; Gooch, B. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vidakovic, B.] Wallace H Coulter Sch Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bader, J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Clarkson, J.] Dent Hlth Serv Res Unit, Dundee DD2 4BF, Scotland. [Fontana, M. R.; Zero, D. T.] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Oral Hlth Res Inst, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Meyer, D. M.] Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Rozier, R. G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Dent, Ctr Address Disparities Childrens Oral Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance Invest, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov OI Fontana, Margherita/0000-0003-2357-7534 NR 22 TC 115 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 35 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 292XN UT WOS:000255299500013 PM 18218845 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Milner, JA Whitted, J Burt, V Radimer, K Wilger, J Sharpless, KE Holden, JM Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Harnly, J Wolf, WR Perry, CR AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Picciano, Mary Frances Betz, Joseph M. Fisher, Kenneth D. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Coates, Paul M. Milner, John A. Whitted, Jackie Burt, Vicki Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaimie Sharpless, Katherine E. Holden, Joanne M. Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Culwei Schweitzer, Amy Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Perry, Charles R. TI Progress in developing analytical and label-based dietary supplement databases at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE dietary supplements; analytical substantiation; dietary supplement composition; dietary supplement ingredient database; NHANES; DSID; NHANES-DSLD; DSLD-USA; dietary supplement labels; standard reference materials (R); certified reference materials ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOOD; CALCIUM; TRIALS; RISK AB Although an estimated 50% of adults in the United States consume dietary supplements, analytically substantiated data on their bioactive constituents are sparse. Several programs funded by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health enhance dietary supplement database development and help to better describe the quantitative and qualitative contributions of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes. ODS, in collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture, is developing a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) verified by chemical analysis. The products chosen initially for analytical verification are adult multivitamin-mineral supplements (MVMs). These products are widely used, analytical methods are available for determining key constituents, and a certified reference material is in development. Also MVMs have no standard scientific, regulatory, or marketplace definitions and have widely varying compositions, characteristics, and bioavailability. Furthermore, the extent to which actual amounts of vitamins and minerals in a product deviate from label values is not known. Ultimately, DSID will prove useful to professionals in permitting more accurate estimation of the contribution of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes of nutrients and better evaluation of the role of dietary supplements in promoting health and well-being. ODS is also collaborating with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary supplement label database. The newest ODS effort explores the feasibility and practicality of developing a database of all dietary supplement labels marketed in the US. This article describes these and supporting projects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Picciano, Mary Frances; Betz, Joseph M.; Fisher, Kenneth D.; Saldanha, Leila G.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Coates, Paul M.] US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD USA. [Milner, John A.; Whitted, Jackie] US Dept HHS, Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Burt, Vicki; Radimer, Kathy; Wilger, Jaimie] US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Hlth & Nutr Exam Survey, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holden, Joanne M.; Andrews, Karen; Roseland, Janet; Zhao, Culwei; Schweitzer, Amy] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Harnly, James; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Compos Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Perry, Charles R.] USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD USA. EM dwyerjl@od.nih.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S83 EP S93 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800013 PM 25346570 ER PT J AU Vojdani, JD Beuchat, LR Tauxe, RV AF Vojdani, Jazmin D. Beuchat, Larry R. Tauxe, Robert V. TI Juice-associated outbreaks of human illness in the United States, 1995 through 2005 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE HOMOGENIZATION; SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; APPLE CIDER; ORANGE JUICE; FRUIT JUICES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CANTALOUPE JUICE AB Outbreaks of illness associated with consumption of fruit juice have been a growing public health problem since the early 1990s. In response to epidemiologic investigations of outbreaks in which juice was implicated, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration implemented process control measures to regulate the production of fruit juice. The final juice regulation, which became effective in 2002, 2003, and 2004, depending on the size of the business, requires that juice operations comply with a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) receives reports of food-associated outbreaks of illness. We reviewed fruit juice-associated outbreaks of illness reported to the CDC's Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System. From 1995 through 2005, 21 juice-associated outbreaks were reported to CDC; 10 implicated apple juice or cider, 8 were linked to orange juice, and 3 involved other types of fruit juice. These outbreaks caused 1,366 illnesses, with a median of 21 cases per outbreak (range, 2 to 398 cases). Among the 13 outbreaks of known etiology, 5 were caused by Salmonella, 5 by Escherichia coli O157:H7, 2 by Cryptosporidium, and one by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O111 and Cryptosporidium. Fewer juice-associated outbreaks have been reported since the juice HACCP regulation was implemented. Some juice operations that are exempt from processing requirements or do not comply with the regulation continue to be implicated in outbreaks of illness. C1 [Vojdani, Jazmin D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beuchat, Larry R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Beuchat, Larry R.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Tauxe, Robert V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vojdani, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvojdani@cdc.gov NR 95 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 36 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 356 EP 364 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 259VH UT WOS:000252968500016 PM 18326187 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Bednarczyk, R Nadle, J Clogher, P Gillespie, J Daniels, A Plantenga, M Ingram, A Edge, K Furuno, JP Scallan, E AF Nelson, Jennifer M. Bednarczyk, Robert Nadle, Joelle Clogher, Paula Gillespie, Jennifer Daniels, Allison Plantenga, Melissa Ingram, Amanda Edge, Karen Furuno, Jon P. Scallan, Elaine CA Foodnet Emerging Infect Program Wo TI FoodNet survey of food use and practices in long-term care facilities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; NURSING-HOME; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; FOODBORNE DISEASE; IRRADIATED MEAT; OUTBREAKS; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; ILLNESS AB Foodborne illness is an important problem among the elderly. One risk factor for foodborne illness and diarrhea-associated mortality among the elderly is residence in a long-term care facility (LTCF); thus, these facilities must implement measures to ensure safe food. To assess safe food practices, knowledge, and policies, we used a mailed, self-administered questionnaire to survey food service directors at LTCFs that were certified to receive Medicare or Medicaid at eight Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites. Surveys were distributed to 1,630 LTCFs; 55% (865 of 1,568) of eligible facilities returned a completed questionnaire. Only three LTCFs completely followed national recommendations for prevention of Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Nine percent of LTCFs reported serving soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. Most LTCFs reported routinely serving ready-to-eat deli meats; however, few reported always heating deli meats until steaming hot before serving (only 19% of the LTCFs that served roast beef, 13% of those that served turkey, and 11% of those that served ham). Most LTCFs (92%) used pasteurized liquid egg products, but only 36% used pasteurized whole shell eggs. Regular whole shell eggs were used by 62% of facilities. Few LTCFs used irradiated ground beef (7%) or irradiated poultry products (6%). The results of this survey allowed us to identify several opportunities for prevention of foodborne illnesses in LTCFs. Some safety measures, such as the use of pasteurized and irradiated foods, were underutilized, and many facilities were not adhering to national recommendations on the avoidance of certain foods considered high risk for elderly persons. Enhanced educational efforts focusing on food safety practices and aimed at LTCFs are needed. C1 [Nelson, Jennifer M.; Scallan, Elaine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Nelson, Jennifer M.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Bednarczyk, Robert] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Nadle, Joelle] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Clogher, Paula] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Gillespie, Jennifer] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Daniels, Allison] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. [Plantenga, Melissa] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97243 USA. [Ingram, Amanda] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. [Edge, Karen] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Furuno, Jon P.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM escallan@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 259VH UT WOS:000252968500017 PM 18326188 ER PT J AU Estivariz, CF Watkins, MA Handoko, D Rusipah, R Deshpande, J Rana, BJ Irawan, E Widhiastuti, D Pallansch, MA Thapa, A Imari, S AF Estivariz, Concepcion F. Watkins, Margaret A. Handoko, Darmawali Rusipah, Rusipah Deshpande, Jagadish Rana, Bardan J. Irawan, Eveline Widhiastuti, Dyah Pallansch, Mark A. Thapa, Arun Imari, Sholah TI A large vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak on Madura island - Indonesia, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; CIRCULATION; RECOMBINANT; HUMANS; CHINA AB Between June and October 2005, 45 laboratory-confirmed type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) cases were identified on Madura Island in Indonesia. Genetic sequencing data on VDPV isolates were consistent with replication and circulation for up to similar to 2 years. Concurrent circulation with type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV) enabled comparisons of VDPV and WPV cases and found that clinical and epidemiological features of both were similar. Attack rates for VDPV were as high as those for WPV. Of 41 VDPV case patients with known vaccination status, 25 (61%) had received zero oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses. Low population immunity due to low routine OPV coverage in rural areas and the absence of WPV circulation for more than a decade were major predisposing factors for the emergence of VDPV. Suboptimal surveillance and a limited initial immunization response may have contributed to widespread circulation. Sensitive surveillance and prompt high-quality immunization responses are recommended to prevent the spread of VDPVs. C1 [Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Watkins, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deshpande, Jagadish] Indian Council Med Res, Enterovirus Res Ctr, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Thapa, Arun] World Hlth Org, SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. [Rusipah, Rusipah; Rana, Bardan J.] World Hlth Org, Indonesia Off, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Handoko, Darmawali; Imari, Sholah] Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Rusipah, Rusipah; Irawan, Eveline] Indonesia Natl Polio Lab, Surabaya, Indonesia. [Widhiastuti, Dyah] Biofarma Natl Polio Lab, Bandung, Indonesia. RP Estivariz, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Mail Stop E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cge3@cdc.gov OI Deshpande, Jagadish/0000-0001-5194-0375 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 3 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1086/525049 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 262EK UT WOS:000253131600005 PM 18199031 ER PT J AU Yu, J Carvalho, MDGS Beall, B Nahm, MH AF Yu, J. Carvalho, M. da G. S. Beall, B. Nahm, M. H. TI A rapid pneumococcal serotyping system based on monoclonal antibodies and PCR SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPES; MULTIPLEX PCR; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; SEROGROUPS; DISEASE; LATEX AB Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses at least 91 different polysaccharide (PS) capsules and the currently available serotyping methods are tedious to perform. We have been developing a rapid pneumococcal serotyping assay (named the 'multibead assay') based on the capacity of pneumococcal lysates to inhibit the ability of 24 different anti-capsule antibodies to bind to latex beads coated with 24 different PSs (serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9N, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F, 2, 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F and 33F). Because the polyclonal antibodies used for 10 serotypes (2, 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F and 33F) had limited serotype specificity, we replaced them with monoclonal antibodies for the 10 serotypes. To extend the serotype coverage beyond the 24 serotypes, we have adapted multiplexed PCR for five additional serotypes (15A, 15C, 16F, 35B and 38) to be useful with the pneumococcal lysates prepared for the multibead assay. We then validated the combined assay with 157 clinical isolates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and found that the new combined assay produced results that are concordant with the quellung reaction. The combined assay is robust and could be used to rapidly identify the serotypes of the majority of pneumococci (similar to 90%). In addition, the assay validation study suggests the presence of serological subtypes within serotype 11A. C1 [Yu, J.; Nahm, M. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Carvalho, M. da G. S.; Beall, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nahm, MH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, 845 19th St S,BBRB 614, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM nahm@uab.edu OI Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30021] NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47549-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 263LT UT WOS:000253219300006 PM 18201982 ER PT J AU Katz, L Ansari, A AF Katz, Luba Ansari, Armin TI Released nuclear medicine patients, security checkpoints, and the NRC - Katz and Ansari respond SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Katz, Luba] Abt Assoc Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Ansari, Armin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, L (reprint author), Abt Assoc Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 43N EP 43N PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 258KH UT WOS:000252866300018 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Maynard, LM Zhang, XL Serdula, MK AF Sahyoun, N. R. Maynard, L. M. Zhang, X. L. Serdula, M. K. TI Factors associated with errors in self-reported height and weight in older adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article DE BMI; bone mineral density; cognition; measured; older adults; self-reported ID BODY-MASS INDEX; US ADULTS; VALIDITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; OBESITY AB Objectives: Describe the distribution and direction of self-reported versus measured height and weight using variables associated with aging such as cognition, health status, age, and bone mineral density (BMD), and examine the effect of these measurement differences on body mass index (BMI) classification. Design: Data was derived from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESIII) conducted from 1988-1994, a nationwide probability sample. Participants: 4,590 non-institutionalized older adults aged 60 and older. Measurements: Self-reported and measured height and weight, demographic and lifestyle characteristics, BMD, and subscales from the Mini Mental State Exam were used. Values were considered correct if self-reported height was within one inch of measured height, self-reported weight was within 5 lbs of measured weight, and self-reported BMI was within the same classification as measured BMI. Results: Over-reported height increased with age in both men and women, occurring in 70% of those aged 80 and older. Compared to people with normal BMD, a significantly higher proportion of osteoporotic men (76% versus 47%, P < 0.001) and women (52% versus 35%, P < 0.001) over-reported their height. Additionally, significant misclassifications of self-reported height and weight occur-red among people in poor health and those with poor performances on memory and calculation tests. Nevertheless, there was agreement in BMI classification among almost 80% of the population and among 90% of individuals in the healthy BMI category. Conclusion: This study suggests that among an older population, self-reported height and weight may be strongly related to age-associated changes in health status, cognition and BMD. C1 [Sahyoun, N. R.; Zhang, X. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maynard, L. M.; Serdula, M. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0112 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nsahyoun@umd.edu RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SERDI EDITION PI PARIS PA 320 RUE SAINT-HONORE, PARIS, 75001, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD FEB PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF02982562 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 260MY UT WOS:000253015600003 PM 18264637 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Williams, A Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Williams, Allison Barnwell, John W. TI Observations on the sporozoite transmission of Plasmodium vivax to monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS AB Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were infected via Sporozoites with the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax that had been stored frozen for periods ranging from 12 to 5,312 days. Prepatent periods ranged from 16 to 53 days. C1 [Collins, William E.; Sullivan, Joann S.; Nace, Douglas; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Williams, Tyrone] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Williams, Allison] CDC, Div Sci Resources, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1645/GE-1283.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700040 PM 18372652 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, C AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang TI Defining the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Will the real definition please stand up? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE PERCENTILES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; OBESE JAPANESE CHILDREN; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; TREATMENT PANEL-III; SYNDROME-X; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN AB Objectives To review the use of definitions of the metabolic syndrome in studies of children and adolescents and to review results front studies that used factor analysis to examine structure among cardiometabolic variables. Study design Literature review. Results In 27 publications. authors used 40 unique definitions of the metabolic syndrome. Most of these definitions were adaptations of the adult definition developed by the National Cholesterol Education Program. In 11 studies that used exploratory factor analysis, the number of components ranged from 5 to 19, and the number of factors identified ranged from 1 to 5. Conclusions The use of multiple definitions of the metabolic syndrome argues strongly for the development of a standard pediatric definition. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 134 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 152 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.056 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 257ST UT WOS:000252819500005 PM 18206681 ER PT J AU Cook, S Auingfr, P Li, C Ford, ES AF Cook, Stephen Auingfr, Peggy Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. TI Metabolic syndrome rates in United States adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Objective To report the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States using 4 previously reported definitions of the syndrome. Study design Data from 12- to 19-year-old adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 (NHATNES 99-02) were analyzed by cross-sectional methods, by using 4 definitions of the metabolic syndrome previously applied to adolescents. Results In NHANES 99-02, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in all teens varied from 2.0% to 9.4% of teens ill the United States, depending oil the definition used. In obese teens, these prevalence rates varied from 12.4% to 44.2%. In the group of obese teens, application of tire definition by Cruz produced a metabolic syndrome prevalence rate of 12.4%; that of Caprio produced a rate of 14.1%. However, none of the normal weight or overweight teens met either definition. Application of the definition by Cook produced a prevalence rate of 7.8% in overweight teens and 44% in obese teens. The adult definition of metabolic syndrome produced a prevalence rate of 16% in overweight teens and 26% in obese teens. Conclusions In the period between 1999 and 2002, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome varied from just >9% to as low as 2% of adoleseents overall. Different definitions of metabolic syndrome generated prevalence rates in obese adolescents that varied widely from 12% to 44%. For this syndrome to be a useful construct, a more standardized set of criteria may be needed. C1 [Cook, Stephen; Auingfr, Peggy] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat & Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cook, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat & Strong Childrens Res Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM stephen-cook@urmc.rochester.edu NR 0 TC 180 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 152 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.004 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 257ST UT WOS:000252819500007 PM 18206683 ER PT J AU Metz, TO Qian, WJ Jacobs, JM Gritsenko, MA Moore, RJ Polpitiya, AD Monroe, ME David, G Mueller, PW Smith, RD AF Metz, Thomas O. Qian, Wei-Jun Jacobs, Jon M. Gritsenko, Marina A. Moore, Ronald J. Polpitiya, Ashoka D. Monroe, Matthew E. Camp, David G., II Mueller, Patricia W. Smith, Richard D. TI Application of proteomics in the discovery of candidate protein biomarkers in a diabetes autoantibody standardization program sample subset SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diabetes; proteomics; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; label-free quantitation; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry ID LIPID-MOBILIZING FACTOR; TIME TAG STRATEGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCURATE MASS; URINARY TRANSFERRIN; PLASMA-PROTEOME; DATA-MANAGEMENT; MOUSE-BRAIN; EXPRESSION AB Novel biomarkers of type 1 diabetes must be identified and validated in initial, exploratory studies before they can be assessed in proficiency evaluations. Currently, untargeted "-omics" approaches are underutilized in profiling studies of clinical samples. This report describes the evaluation of capillary liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) in a pilot proteomic analysis of human plasma and serum from a subset of control and type 1 diabetic individuals enrolled in the Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program, with the goal of identifying candidate biomarkers of type 1 diabetes. Initial high-resolution capillary LC-MS/MS experiments were performed to augment an existing plasma peptide database, while subsequent LC-FTICR studies identified quantitative differences in the abundance of plasma proteins. Analysis of LC-FTICR proteomic data identified five candidate protein biomarkers of type 1 diabetes. alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1 (zinc), corticosteroid-binding globulin, and lumican were 2-fold up-regulated in type 1 diabetic samples relative to control samples, whereas clusterin and serotrahsferrin were 2-fold up-regulated in control samples relative to type 1 diabetic samples. Observed perturbations in the levels of all five proteins are consistent with the metabolic aberrations found in type 1 diabetes. While the discovery of these candidate protein biomarkers of type 1 diabetes is encouraging, follow up studies are required for validation in a larger population of individuals and for determination of laboratory-defined sensitivity and specificity values using blinded samples. C1 [Metz, Thomas O.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Jacobs, Jon M.; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Moore, Ronald J.; Polpitiya, Ashoka D.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mueller, Patricia W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Risk Assessment Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Metz, TO (reprint author), POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.metz@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522-05, P41 RR018522, RR18522]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK070146, R21 DK070146, R33 DK070146, R33 DK070146-03]; PHS HHS [106-310, 106-554, 107-360, PL105-33] NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 698 EP 707 DI 10.1021/pr700606w PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 258JO UT WOS:000252864400023 PM 18092746 ER PT J AU Jones, SE AF Jones, Sherry Everett TI Executive summary SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SEverettJones@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 69 EP 128 PG 60 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 252GC UT WOS:000252434000002 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJJ Tester, J AF Jackson, Richard J. J. Tester, June TI Environment shapes health, including children's mental health SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DISORDER C1 [Jackson, Richard J. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tester, June] UC Berkeley & San Francisco, Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Society Scholars Progr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jackson, RJJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dickjackson@berkeley.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1097/chi.0b013e31815d6944 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 253MR UT WOS:000252522800005 PM 18216714 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Hawkins, NA Peipins, LA White, MC Nadel, MR AF Berkowitz, Zahava Hawkins, Nikki A. Peipins, Lucy A. White, Mary C. Nadel, Marion R. TI Beliefs, risk perceptions, and gaps in knowledge as barriers to colorectal cancer screening in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE older adults; colorectal cancer screening; knowledge; perceptions; health information survey ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; FECAL OCCULT BLOOD; NATIONAL-SURVEY; AVERAGE-RISK; PATTERNS; BREAST AB OBJECTIVES: To assess beliefs and perceptions of risk about colorectal cancer (CRC) and gaps in knowledge about screening in adults aged 65 to 89. DESIGN: A population-based survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,148 respondents with no history of CRC, representing an estimated population of 31.6 million persons, who were stratified according to screening behavior (up to date (n=457) vs not up to date (n=691)) and age (65-74 vs 75-89). MEASUREMENTS: The Health Information National Trends Survey (2003) questionnaire. RESULTS: An estimated 25% of adults aged 65 to 89 had not heard of the fecal occult blood test, 17% had not heard of sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, and 42% were not up to date with either screening modality. Not visiting a healthcare provider in the previous year, not knowing about tests available for colon cancer, perceiving the arrangements to be checked for detecting colon cancer to be difficult, and not having an opinion about it and its cost, were significantly associated with not being up to date (each P<.03). Persons who were not up to date were frequently unaware of the importance of CRC screening, and often reported lack of a provider's recommendation to be screened (>75%). Lack of knowledge and awareness were more prevalent in those aged 75 to 89 than those aged 65 to 74. CONCLUSION: Lack of knowledge and awareness and the absence of a physician's recommendation to be tested might explain not being up to date with CRC screening in adults in these age groups. These findings suggest a potential value for better communication between older adults and their providers regarding screening for CRC, when appropriate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zab3@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 24 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01547.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 256FO UT WOS:000252713300017 PM 18070002 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA AF Stevens, Judy A. TI What does an evidence-based fall-prevention program mean? Defining levels of evidence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER-PEOPLE; EXERCISE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 373 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01490.x PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 256FO UT WOS:000252713300037 PM 18251829 ER PT J AU Crawford, ND Jones, CP Richardson, LC AF Crawford, Natalie D. Jones, Camara P. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Understanding the role of reactions to race-based treatment in breast and cervical cancer screening SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mammography; obstetrics/gynecology; socioeconomic status; race/ethnicity; health disparities ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HEALTH-STATUS; RACISM; CARE; DISCRIMINATION; EXPERIENCES; DISPARITIES; INEQUITIES; CARCINOMA; WHITE AB Racial and ethnic disparities in breast and cervical cancer mortality persist despite effective screening methods. We examined associations between race/ethnicity and Pap testing within three years or mammography within two years, controlling for a composite reactions-to-race-based-treatment variable created using data from the, 2002 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Reactions to Race module, which assessed respondents experiences based on one's race. We calculated prevalence of Pap testing (for women aged >= 18) and mammography (for women aged NO) by race, and fit logistic regression models to estimate the strength of association of reactions to race-based treatment with screening and race-before and after controlling for demographics, socioeconomic status, health status, smoking and healthcare access. In the reduced model, black women were more likely (2.03:95% CI: 1.55-2.65) to be screened for cervical cancer than whites. Reactions to race-based treatment did not impact the odds of black women, receiving Pap tests or mammograms. Given current racial and ethnic disparities in breast and cervical cancer mortality, we suggest that more attention needs to be focused on follow-up of abnormal results and state-of-the art treatment for black and Hispanic women. C1 [Crawford, Natalie D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Jones, Camara P.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crawford, ND (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ndcrawford@gmail.com NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 262ZA UT WOS:000253186200004 PM 18300536 ER PT J AU De Jesus, V Vogt, R Hannon, WH AF De Jesus, Victor Vogt, Robert Hannon, W. Harry TI Recent developments on lysosomal storage disorder activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual World Symposium of the Lysosomal-Disease-Network CY FEB 13-15, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Lysosomal Dis Network C1 [De Jesus, Victor; Vogt, Robert; Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 BP S19 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.ymgine.2007.10.033 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 265KT UT WOS:000253358500038 ER PT J AU Yu, W Gwinn, M Clyne, M Yesupriya, A Khoury, MJ AF Yu, Wei Gwinn, Marta Clyne, Melinda Yesupriya, Ajay Khoury, Muin J. TI A navigator for human genome epidemiology SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID DATABASE; ASSOCIATION C1 [Yu, Wei; Gwinn, Marta; Clyne, Melinda; Yesupriya, Ajay; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM wby0@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 230 Z9 238 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 124 EP 125 DI 10.1038/ng0208-124 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 256MJ UT WOS:000252732900004 PM 18227866 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, Katherine M. Graubard, Barry I. Williamson, David F. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Correcting bias, or biased corrections? SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; OBESITY; DEATHS; POPULATION; REGRESSION; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT; MEN C1 [Flegal, Katherine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.; Gail, Mitchell H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williamson, David F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KFlegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.41 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 258QU UT WOS:000252883600003 PM 18239628 ER PT J AU Imai, K Gregg, EW Chen, YJ Zhang, P de Rekeneire, N Williamson, DF AF Imai, Kumiko Gregg, Edward W. Chen, Yiling J. Zhang, Ping de Rekeneire, Nathalie Williamson, David F. TI The association of BMI with functional status and self-rated health in US adults SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BODY-MASS INDEX; FAT DISTRIBUTION; RISK FACTOR; CLINICAL GUIDELINES; GENERAL-POPULATION; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN; MORTALITY AB Objective: To examine the association of BMI with functional status and self-rated health among US adults and how the association differs by age and sex. Methods and Procedures: All analyses are based on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1997-2005, a yearly, representative study of the US household population. We pooled all survey years and fitted logistic regression for the two sexes and three age strata (ages 18-44, 45-64, and >= 65). Results: Our study found that although underweight and severe obesity are consistently associated with increased disability and poorer health status, overweight and moderate obesity show associations that vary considerably by age and sex. For men, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for disability and poor/fair self-rated health tended to be lowest among overweight persons, especially for ages >= 45. Among men with moderate obesity, the risk of disability was elevated for ages 18-44 but lower for ages >= 65. For women, the adjusted ORs for disability and poor/fair self-rated health tended to be lowest among normal-weight persons, particularly for ages >= 45. Compared to normal-weight counterparts, overweight women aged >= 65 had a lower risk of disability but a somewhat elevated risk of poor/fair self-rated health. Discussion: The results suggest that the association of BMI with functional status and self-rated health varies significantly across ages and sexes. The variations in the association of BMI with functional status and self-rated health suggest that a single "ideal body weight category" may not be appropriate for all persons or all health outcomes. C1 [Imai, Kumiko; Gregg, Edward W.; Chen, Yiling J.; Zhang, Ping; de Rekeneire, Nathalie; Williamson, David F.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Imai, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kimai@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.70 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 258QU UT WOS:000252883600026 PM 18239651 ER PT J AU Cox, S Posner, SF Kourtis, AP Jamieson, DJ AF Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. Kourtis, Athena P. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Hospitalizations with amphetamine abuse among pregnant women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY SAMPLE; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; USE DISORDERS; ALCOHOL-USE; COCAINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; DRUG; USERS AB OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine or cocaine abuse and the prevalence of associated medical complications. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Hospitalization ratios per 100 deliveries for amphetamine or cocaine abuse from 1998 to 2004 were tested for linear trends. Amphetamine-abuse hospitalizations were compared with cocaine-abuse hospitalizations and non-substance-abuse hospitalizations. A chi(2) analysis was used to compare hospitalization characteristics. Conditional probabilities estimated by logistic regression were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for each medical diagnosis of interest. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2004, the hospitalization ratio for cocaine abuse decreased 44%, whereas the hospitalization ratio for amphetamine abuse doubled. Pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine abuse were geographically concentrated in the West (82%), and were more likely to be among women younger than 24 years than the cocaine-abuse or non-substance-abuse hospitalizations. Most medical conditions were more prevalent in the amphetamine-abuse group than the non-substance-abuse group. When the substance abuse groups were compared with each other, obstetric diagnoses associated with infant morbidity such as premature delivery and poor fetal growth were more common in the cocaine-abuse group, whereas vasoconstrictive effects such as cardiovascular disorders and hypertension complicating pregnancy were more common in the amphetamine-abuse group. CONCLUSION: As pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine abuse continue to increase, clinicians should familiarize themselves with the adverse consequences of amphetamine abuse during pregnancy and evidence-based guidelines to deal with this high-risk population. C1 [Cox, Shanna; Posner, Samuel F.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cox, Shanna; Posner, Samuel F.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cox, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cio8@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 111 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.000300377.82722.ad PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 256XD UT WOS:000252762300012 PM 18238971 ER PT J AU Hill, DD Cauley, JA Sheu, Y Bunker, CH Patrick, AL Baker, CE Beckles, GLA Wheeler, VW Zmuda, JM AF Hill, D. D. Cauley, J. A. Sheu, Y. Bunker, C. H. Patrick, A. L. Baker, C. E. Beckles, G. L. A. Wheeler, V. W. Zmuda, J. M. TI Correlates of bone mineral density in men of African ancestry: The Tobago Bone Health Study SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE African ancestry; blacks; black continental group; BMD; bone densitometry; epidemiology; men; osteoporosis ID CROSS-SECTIONAL GEOMETRY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; PROXIMAL FEMUR; OLDER MEN; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PROSTATE-CANCER; AMERICAN WOMEN AB Correlates of BMD were examined in a cross-sectional analysis of men of West African ancestry. BMD, measured at the total hip and the femoral neck subregion, was associated with age, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical factors in multiple linear regression models. These models explained 25-27% of the variability in total hip and femoral neck BMD, respectively, and 13% of the variability in estimated volumetric BMD. Objective To examine the correlates of bone mineral density (BMD) in men of West African ancestry. Methods Two thousand five hundred and one men aged 40 to 93 years were recruited from the Caribbean Island of Tobago. Participants completed a questionnaire and physical examination. We measured hip BMD and body composition, using DXA. Volumetric BMD was estimated as bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). Results BMD was 10% and 20% higher in African Caribbean males compared to U.S. non-Hispanic black and white males, respectively. In multiple linear regression models, greater lean mass, history of working on a fishing boat or on a farm, frequent walking, and self-reported diabetes were significantly associated with higher BMD. Fat mass, history of farming, and self-reported hypertension were also associated with higher BMAD. Older age, mixed African ancestry, and history of a fracture were associated with lower BMD and BMAD. Lean body mass explained 20%, 18% and 6% of the variance in BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and BMAD, respectively. Conclusions African Caribbean males have the highest BMD on a population level ever reported. Lean mass was the single most important correlate. Variability in BMD/BMAD was also explained by age, mixed African ancestry, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical factors. C1 [Hill, D. D.; Cauley, J. A.; Sheu, Y.; Bunker, C. H.; Zmuda, J. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Patrick, A. L.; Wheeler, V. W.] Tobago Hlth Studies Off, Scarborough, Trinid & Tobago. [Baker, C. E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Off Measurement & Evaluat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Beckles, G. L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cauley, JA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jcauley@edc.pitt.edu RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA84950]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01AR049747] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s00198-007-0450-9 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248MR UT WOS:000252157900012 PM 17874032 ER PT J AU Yagi, S Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Yagi, Shigeo Schuster, Frederick L. Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Demonstration of Balamuthia and Acanthamoeba mitochondrial DNA in sectioned archival brain and other tissues by the polymerase chain reaction SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MANDRILLARIS; PCR; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; FIXATION; AMEBAS AB Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a usually fatal disease caused by the free-living amoebae Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba spp. The intent of this study was to determine if the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be used retrospectively to detect amoeba mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene DNA in confirmed archival tissue sections from GAE cases stored in our laboratories for 1 to 34 years. The DNA was extracted from deparaffinized sections, and appropriate primer sets for each of the two amoebae were used for amoeba DNA detection. Indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) staining of tissue sections was used as the standard for identification of amoebae against which the PCR results were compared. Sixty slides from a total of 56 cases were processed by PCR for amoeba 16S DNA. In 28 slides (47%), there was agreement between the IIF and PCR results. In 41 of the slides (52%), no amoeba DNA was detected after PCR. In one slide (1%), the PCR and IIF results did not agree. While PCR supported IIF findings in about half of the slides, there are significant limitations in amoeba DNA identifications in formalin-fixed brain tissues. Degradation of amoeba DNA caused by formalin fixation was probably a factor in limiting valid results. C1 [Yagi, Shigeo; Schuster, Frederick L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Fred.Schuster@cdph.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915548-09] NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0789-z PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255RT UT WOS:000252675800019 PM 18038238 ER PT J AU Uehara, R Belay, ED Maddox, RA Holman, RC Nakamura, Y Yashiro, M Oki, I Ogino, H Schonberger, LB Yanagawa, H AF Uehara, Ritei Belay, Ermias D. Maddox, Ryan A. Holman, Robert C. Nakamura, Yosikazu Yashiro, Mayumi Oki, Izumi Ogino, Hirotaro Schonberger, Lawrence B. Yanagawa, Hiroshi TI Analysis of potential risk factors associated with nonresponse to initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment among Kawasaki disease patients in Japan SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; intravenous immunoglobulin; treatment failure; coronary artery abnormality; predictor ID GAMMA-GLOBULIN THERAPY; PREDICTION; RETREATMENT; MANAGEMENT; FAILURE; FEVER AB Background: Some Kawasaki disease (KD) patients do not respond to initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The purpose of this study was to determine potential risk factors associated with IVIG nonresponse among KD patients in Japan. Methods: Data were obtained from questionnaires used for the 18th nationwide KD Survey of patients who visited hospitals in Japan from 2003 through 2004. Data for patients who met the case definition for KD and received 2 g/kg single infusion IVIG as the initial treatment within 10 days of illness were analyzed. IVIG nonresponders were defined as patients who needed secondary treatment after initial IVIG administration. Results: Among 15,940 KD patients in Japan during 2003-2004, 6330 patients received 2 g/kg single infusion IVIG within 10 days of illness onset. IVIG nonresponders accounted for 20.3% of them (n = 1286). Male sex [odds ratio (OR), 1.21, 95% confidence interval (0), 1.06-1.37], receipt of the initial IVIG before the fifth day of illness (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.66-2.15), and having recurrent KD (OR: 1.38, 95% Cl: 1.00-1.90) were significantly associated with IVIG nonresponse. In addition, IVIG nonresponders had significantly higher risks for coronary artery aneurysms (OR: 10.38, 95% Cl: 6.98-15.45) or giant coronary artery aneurysms (OR: 54.06, 95% Cl: 12.84-227.65). Conclusions: Physicians should consider potential IVIG nonresponse among recurrent KD patients or KID patients diagnosed and treated before the fifth day of illness, particularly if they are boys and have laboratory values associated with nonresponse such as low platelet count, and elevated alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein. Some of these patients may benefit from administration of the alternative secondary treatment early during the illness along with the initial IVIG treatment. C1 [Uehara, Ritei; Belay, Ermias D.; Maddox, Ryan A.; Holman, Robert C.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Uehara, Ritei; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Yashiro, Mayumi; Oki, Izumi; Yanagawa, Hiroshi] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. [Ogino, Hirotaro] Kansai Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Osaka, Japan. RP Uehara, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM u-ritei@jichi.ac.jp RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31815922b5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 257JI UT WOS:000252794700011 PM 18174868 ER PT J AU Yorita, KL Holman, RC Sejvar, JJ Steiner, CA Schonberger, LB AF Yorita, Krista L. Holman, Robert C. Sejvar, James J. Steiner, Claudia A. Schonberger, Lawrence B. TI Infectious disease hospitalizations among infants in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant; infectious disease; hospitalization ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; US CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MORTALITY; TRENDS; BRONCHIOLITIS; SURVEILLANCE AB OBJECTIVE. This study describes the burden and epidemiologic features of infectious disease hospitalizations among infants in the United States. METHODS. Hospitalizations with an infectious disease listed as a primary diagnosis for infants ( 1 year of age) in the United States during 2003 were examined by using the Kids' Inpatient Database. National estimates of infectious disease hospitalizations, hospitalization rates, and various hospital parameters were examined. RESULTS. During 2003, an estimated 286 739 infectious disease hospitalizations occurred among infants in the United States and accounted for 42.8% of all infant hospitalizations. The national infectious disease hospitalization rate was 7010.8 hospitalizations per 100 000 live births, or similar to 1 infectious disease hospitalization for every 14 infants. The median length of stay was 3 days, and stays totaled 1 million hospital days for infants. Infectious disease hospitalization rates were highest among boys and nonwhite infants. The most commonly listed diagnoses among the infant infectious disease hospitalizations included lower respiratory tract infections (59.0%), kidney, urinary tract, and bladder infections (7.6%), upper respiratory tract infections (6.5%), and septicemia (6.5%). The median cost of an infectious disease hospitalization was $2235, with total annual hospital costs of approximately $690 million, among infants in the United States. CONCLUSIONS. Infectious disease hospitalizations among infants account for substantial health care expenditures and hospital time in the United States, with respiratory disease hospitalizations constituting more than one half of all hospitalizations. Younger infants, boys, and nonwhite infants were at increased risk for infectious disease hospitalization. Measures to reduce racial disparities and the occurrence of respiratory tract infections should substantially decrease the infectious disease burden among infants. C1 [Yorita, Krista L.; Holman, Robert C.; Sejvar, James J.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steiner, Claudia A.] Ctr Delivery Org & Market, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yorita, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mail Stop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kyorita@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1392 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 258OQ UT WOS:000252877600003 PM 18245414 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Shefer, A Kong, Y Nuorti, JP AF Zhou, Fangjun Shefer, Abigail Kong, Yuan Nuorti, J. Pekka TI Trends in acute otitis media-related health care utilization by privately insured young children in the United States, 1997-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE acute otitis media; Streptococcus pneumoniae; pneumococcal conjugate; vaccine; immunization program evaluation; health care utilization ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; KAISER-PERMANENTE; JUDICIOUS USE; INFECTIONS; DECLINE; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the population effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of acute otitis media-related ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions for 2-year-old children enrolled in private insurance plans. METHODS. We performed a retrospective analysis of a defined population by using the 1997-2004 MarketScan databases, which included an average of > 500 000 person-years of observations for children 2 years of age. Trends in rates of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-coded ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions attributable to acute otitis media were evaluated, and the national direct medical expenditures for these outcomes were estimated. RESULTS. In a comparison of 2004 with 1997-1999 (baseline period), rates of ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions attributable to acute otitis media decreased from 2173 to 1244 visits per 1000 person-years (42.7% reduction) and from 1244 to 722 prescriptions per 1000 person-years (41.9% reduction), respectively. Total, estimated, national direct medical expenditures for acute otitis media-related ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions for children CONCLUSIONS. Acute otitis media-related health care utilization and associated antibiotic prescriptions for privately insured young children decreased more than expected (on the basis of efficacy estimates in prelicensure clinical trials) after the introduction of routine 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization. Although other factors, such as clinical practice guidelines to reduce antibiotic use, might have contributed to the observed trend, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine may play an important role in reducing the burden of acute otitis media, resulting in substantial savings in medical care costs. C1 [Zhou, Fangjun; Shefer, Abigail; Nuorti, J. Pekka] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kong, Yuan] Sci Applicat Int, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 134 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0619 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 258OQ UT WOS:000252877600004 PM 18245415 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Bossarte, RM Sullivent, EE AF Swahn, Monica H. Bossarte, Robert M. Sullivent, Ernest E., III TI Age of alcohol use initiation, suicidal behavior, and peer and dating violence victimization and perpetration among high-risk, seventh-grade adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE alcohol initiation; suicidal ideation; suicide attempt; dating violence; peer violence; perpetration; victimization ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; SUBSTANCE USE; UNDERAGE DRINKING; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; YOUTH; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION; INJURIES; DRINKERS; ABUSE AB OBJECTIVE. We examined the cross-sectional associations between reports of an early age of alcohol use initiation and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and peer and dating violence victimization and perpetration among high-risk adolescents. METHOD. Data were obtained from the Youth Violence Survey conducted in 2004 and administered to all public school students enrolled in grades 7, 9, and 11/12 (N = 4131) in a high-risk school district in the United States. Our analyses were limited to seventh-grade students who either began drinking before the age of 13 or were nondrinkers, with complete information on all covariates (n = 856). Cross-sectional logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between early alcohol use and each of the 6 outcome behaviors (dating violence victimization and perpetration, peer violence victimization and perpetration, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts) while controlling for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders (ie, heavy episodic drinking, substance use, peer drinking, depression, impulsivity, peer delinquency, and parental monitoring). RESULTS. In our study, 35% of students reported alcohol use initiation before 13 years of age (preteen alcohol use initiators). Students who reported preteen alcohol use initiation reported involvement in significantly more types of violent behaviors (mean: 2.8 behaviors), compared with nondrinkers (mean: 1.8 behaviors). Preteen alcohol use initiation was associated significantly with suicide attempts, relative to nondrinkers, controlling for demographic characteristics and all other potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS. Early alcohol use is an important risk factor for involvement in violent behaviors and suicide attempts among youths. Increased efforts to delay and to reduce early alcohol use among youths are needed and may reduce both violence and suicide attempts. C1 [Swahn, Monica H.; Bossarte, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sullivent, Ernest E., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Partnership Uban Hlth Res, PO Box 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM mswahn@gsu.edu RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 54 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2348 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 258OQ UT WOS:000252877600010 PM 18245421 ER PT J AU Sathyanarayana, S Karr, CJ Lozano, P Brown, E Calafat, AM Liu, F Swan, SH AF Sathyanarayana, Sheela Karr, Catherine J. Lozano, Paula Brown, Elizabeth Calafat, Antonia M. Liu, Fan Swan, Shanna H. TI Baby care products: Possible sources of infant phthalate exposure SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE phthalate; infant; environmental exposure; baby care product ID DI-N-BUTYLPHTHALATE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; METABOLITES; ESTERS; CHILDREN; URINE; MONOESTERS; RATS; BUTYLBENZYLPHTHALATE AB OBJECTIVES. Phthalates are man-made chemicals found in personal care and other products. Recent studies suggest that some phthalates can alter human male reproductive development, but sources of infant exposure have not been well characterized. We investigated the relationship between phthalate metabolite concentrations in infant urine and maternal reported use of dermally applied infant care products. METHODS. We measured 9 phthalate metabolites in 163 infants who were born in 2000-2005. An infant was considered to have been exposed to any infant care product that the mother reported using on her infant within 24 hours of urine collection. Results of multiple linear regression analyses are reported as the ratio of metabolite concentrations (with 95% confidence intervals) in exposed and unexposed infants. We standardized concentrations by forming z scores and examined combined exposure to multiple metabolites. RESULTS. In most (81%) infants, >= 7 phthalate metabolites were above the limit of detection. Exposure to lotion was predictive of monoethyl phthalate and monomethyl phthalate concentrations, powder of monoisobutyl phthalate, and shampoo of monomethyl phthalate. Z scores increased with number of products used. Most associations were stronger in younger infants. CONCLUSIONS. Phthalate exposure is widespread and variable in infants. Infant exposure to lotion, powder, and shampoo were significantly associated with increased urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monomethyl phthalate, and monoisobutyl phthalate, and associations increased with the number of products used. This association was strongest in young infants, who may be more vulnerable to developmental and reproductive toxicity of phthalates given their immature metabolic system capability and increased dosage per unit body surface area. C1 [Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Karr, Catherine J.] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Karr, Catherine J.; Lozano, Paula] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liu, Fan; Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Sathyanarayana, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth Sci, Bldg 296200,NE 74th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sathyana@u.washington.edu RI Brown, Elizabeth/A-8984-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR0425, MO1-RR00400]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5 T32 ES 007262-15, R01-ES09916] NR 40 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP E260 EP E268 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3766 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 258OQ UT WOS:000252877600043 PM 18245401 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Tomashek, KM Kotelchuck, M Barfield, W Nannini, A Weiss, J Declercq, E AF Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Tomashek, Kay M. Kotelchuck, Milton Barfield, Wanda Nannini, Angela Weiss, Judith Declercq, Eugene TI Effect of late-preterm birth and maternal medical conditions on newborn morbidity risk SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE preterm birth; near-term infant; late-preterm infant; morbidity; maternal health ID NEAR-TERM INFANTS; NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; PREGNANCY; CLASSIFICATION; REHOSPITALIZATION; INTERVENTION; MORTALITY; ACCURACY AB OBJECTIVES. Late-preterm infants (34-36 weeks' gestation) account for nearly three quarters of all preterm births in the United States, yet little is known about their morbidity risk. We compared late-preterm and term (37-41 weeks' gestation) infants with and without selected maternal medical conditions and assessed the independent and joint effects of these exposures on newborn morbidity risk. METHODS. We used 1998-2003, population-based, Massachusetts birth and death certificates data linked to infant and maternal hospital discharge records from the Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data system. Newborn morbidity risks that were associated with gestational age and selected maternal medical conditions, both independently and as joint exposures, were estimated by calculating adjusted risk ratios. A new measure of newborn morbidity that was based on hospital discharge diagnostic codes, hospitalization duration, and transfer status was created to define newborns with and without life-threatening conditions. Eight selected maternal medical conditions were assessed (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diabetes, antepartum hemorrhage, lung disease, infection, cardiac disease, renal disease, and genital herpes) in relation to newborn morbidity. RESULTS. Our final study population included 26 170 infants born late preterm and 377 638 born at term. Late-preterm infants were 7 times more likely to have newborn morbidity than term infants (22% vs 3%). The newborn morbidity rate doubled in infants for each gestational week earlier than 38 weeks. Late-preterm infants who were born to mothers with any of the maternal conditions assessed were at higher risk for newborn morbidity compared with similarly exposed term infants. Late-preterm infants who were exposed to antepartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were especially vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS. Late-preterm birth and, to a lesser extent, maternal medical conditions are each independent risk factors for newborn morbidity. Combined, these 2 factors greatly increased the risk for newborn morbidity compared with term infants who were born without exposure to these risks. C1 [Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K.; Tomashek, Kay M.; Barfield, Wanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton; Weiss, Judith; Declercq, Eugene] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Nannini, Angela] Bur Family & Community Hlth, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Nannini, Angela] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Shapiro-Mendoza, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Mail Stop K-23,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ayn9@cdc.gov OI Declercq, Eugene/0000-0001-5411-3033 NR 44 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP E223 EP E232 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3629 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 258OQ UT WOS:000252877600038 PM 18245397 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Fernandez, FM Plancon, A Mildenhall, DC Green, MD Ziyong, L Christophel, EM Phanouvong, S Howells, S McIntosh, E Laurin, P Blum, N Hampton, CY Faure, K Nyadong, L Soong, CWR Santoso, B Zhiguang, W Newton, J Palmer, K AF Newton, Paul N. Fernandez, Facundo M. Plancon, Aline Mildenhall, Dallas C. Green, Michael D. Ziyong, Li Christophel, Eva Maria Phanouvong, Souly Howells, Stephen McIntosh, Eric Laurin, Paul Blum, Nancy Hampton, Christina Y. Faure, Kevin Nyadong, Leonard Soong, C. W. Ray Santoso, Budiono Zhiguang, Wang Newton, John Palmer, Kevin TI A collaborative epidemiological investigation into the criminal fake artesunate trade in South East Asia SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; COUNTERFEIT ANTIMALARIAL TABLETS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRUG QUALITY; CHINA AB Background Since 1998 the serious public health problem in South East Asia of counterfeit artesunate, containing no or subtherapeutic amounts of the active antimalarial ingredient, has led to deaths from untreated malaria, reduced confidence in this vital drug, large economic losses for the legitimate manufacturers, and concerns that artemisinin resistance might be engendered. Methods and Findings With evidence of a deteriorating situation, a group of police, criminal analysts, chemists, palynologists, and health workers collaborated to determine the source of these counterfeits under the auspices of the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the Western Pacific World Health Organization Regional Office. A total of 391 samples of genuine and counterfeit artesunate collected in Vietnam (75), Cambodia (48), Lao PDR (115), Myanmar (Burma) (137) and the Thai/Myanmar border (16), were available for analysis. Sixteen different fake hologram types were identified. High-performance liquid chromatography and/or mass spectrometry confirmed that all specimens thought to be counterfeit (195/391, 49.9%) on the basis of packaging contained no or small quantities of artesunate (up to 12 mg per tablet as opposed to; 50 mg per genuine tablet). Chemical analysis demonstrated a wide diversity of wrong active ingredients, including banned pharmaceuticals, such as metamizole, and safrole, a carcinogen, and raw material for manufacture of methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy'). Evidence from chemical, mineralogical, biological, and packaging analysis suggested that at least some of the counterfeits were manufactured in southeast People's Republic of China. This evidence prompted the Chinese Government to act quickly against the criminal traders with arrests and seizures. Conclusions An international multi-disciplinary group obtained evidence that some of the counterfeit artesunate was manufactured in China, and this prompted a criminal investigation. International cross-disciplinary collaborations may be appropriate in the investigation of other serious counterfeit medicine public health problems elsewhere, but strengthening of international collaborations and forensic and drug regulatory authority capacity will be required. C1 [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. [Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Viangchan, Laos. [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Plancon, Aline; Newton, John] INTERPOL, Intellectual Property Crime Unit, Lyon, France. [Mildenhall, Dallas C.; Faure, Kevin; Soong, C. W. Ray] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhiguang, Wang] Minist Publ Secur, Econ Crime Invest Dept, Intellectual Property Div, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Christophel, Eva Maria; Santoso, Budiono] WHO, Western Pacifc Off, Manila, Philippines. [Phanouvong, Souly; Blum, Nancy] US Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD USA. [Howells, Stephen; McIntosh, Eric] Govn Australia, Therapeut Goods Adm, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Laurin, Paul] Natl Anti Counterfeiting Bur, Royal Canadian Mounted Police Forens Lab Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. EM paul@tropmedres.ac; j.newton@interpol.int RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU Wellcome Trust NR 43 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 AR e32 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050032 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287PK UT WOS:000254928800012 PM 18271620 ER PT J AU Lindesmith, LC Donaldson, EF Lobue, AD Cannon, JL Zheng, DP Vinje, J Baric, RS AF Lindesmith, Lisa C. Donaldson, Eric F. Lobue, Anna D. Cannon, Jennifer L. Zheng, Du-Ping Vinje, Jan Baric, Ralph S. TI Mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus persistence in human populations SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; MILK CONTAINS ELEMENTS; CAPSID PROTEIN FORMS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; MURINE POLYOMAVIRUS; CODON ALIGNMENTS AB Background Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans, noted for causing epidemic outbreaks in communities, the military, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living communities. The evolutionary mechanisms governing the persistence and emergence of new norovirus strains in human populations are unknown. Primarily organized by sequence homology into two major human genogroups defined by multiple genoclusters, the majority of norovirus outbreaks are caused by viruses from the GII.4 genocluster, which was first recognized as the major epidemic strain in the mid-1990s. Previous studies by our laboratory and others indicate that some noroviruses readily infect individuals who carry a gene encoding a functional alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase (FUT2) and are designated ''secretor-positive'' to indicate that they express ABH histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), a highly heterogeneous group of related carbohydrates on mucosal surfaces. Individuals with defects in the FUT2 gene are termed secretor-negative, do not express the appropriate HBGA necessary for docking, and are resistant to Norwalk infection. These data argue that FUT2 and other genes encoding enzymes that regulate processing of the HBGA carbohydrates function as susceptibility alleles. However, secretor-negative individuals can be infected with other norovirus strains, and reinfection with the GII.4 strains is common in human populations. In this article, we analyze molecular mechanisms governing GII.4 epidemiology, susceptibility, and persistence in human populations. Methods and Findings Phylogenetic analyses of the GII.4 capsid sequences suggested an epochal evolution over the last 20 y with periods of stasis followed by rapid evolution of novel epidemic strains. The epidemic strains show a linear relationship in time, whereby serial replacements emerge from the previous cluster. Five major evolutionary clusters were identified, and representative ORF2 capsid genes for each cluster were expressed as virus-like particles (VLPs). Using salivary and carbohydrate-binding assays, we showed that GII.4 VLP-carbohydrate ligand binding patterns have changed over time and include carbohydrates regulated by the human FUT2 and FUT3 pathways, suggesting that strain sensitivity to human susceptibility alleles will vary. Variation in surface-exposed residues and in residues that surround the fucose ligand interaction domain suggests that antigenic drift may promote GII.4 persistence in human populations. Evidence supporting antigenic drift was obtained by measuring the antigenic relatedness of GII.4 VLPs using murine and human sera and demonstrating strain-specific serologic and carbohydrate-binding blockade responses. These data suggest that the GII.4 noroviruses persist by altering their HBGA carbohydrate-binding targets over time, which not only allows for escape from highly penetrant host susceptibility alleles, but simultaneously allows for immune-driven selection in the receptor-binding region to facilitate escape from protective herd immunity. Conclusions Our data suggest that the surface-exposed carbohydrate ligand binding domain in the norovirus capsid is under heavy immune selection and likely evolves by antigenic drift in the face of human herd immunity. Variation in the capsid carbohydrate-binding domain is tolerated because of the large repertoire of similar, yet distinct HBGA carbohydrate receptors available on mucosal surfaces that could interface with the remodeled architecture of the capsid ligand-binding pocket. The continuing evolution of new replacement strains suggests that, as with influenza viruses, vaccines could be targeted that protect against norovirus infections, and that continued epidemiologic surveillance and reformulations of norovirus vaccines will be essential in the control of future outbreaks. C1 [Lindesmith, Lisa C.; Donaldson, Eric F.; Lobue, Anna D.; Cannon, Jennifer L.; Baric, Ralph S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Cannon, Jennifer L.; Zheng, Du-Ping; Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baric, RS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM ralph_baric@unc.edu OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI056351, AI056351] NR 95 TC 287 Z9 305 U1 5 U2 72 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 269 EP 290 AR e31 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050031 PG 22 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287PK UT WOS:000254928800018 PM 18271619 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Otten, RA Qari, SH Jackson, E Cong, ME Masciotra, S Luo, W Kim, C Adams, DR Monsour, M Lipscomb, J Johnson, JA Delinsky, D Schinazi, RF Janssen, R Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Otten, Ron A. Qari, Shoukat H. Jackson, Eddie Cong, Mian-er Masciotra, Silvina Luo, Wei Kim, Caryn Adams, Debra R. Monsour, Michael Lipscomb, Jonathan Johnson, Jeffrey A. Delinsky, David Schinazi, Raymond F. Janssen, Robert Folks, Thomas M. Heneine, Walid TI Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by daily or intermittent prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HIV PRECLINICAL INTERVENTIONS; PROTECT NEWBORN MACAQUES; INFANT RHESUS MACAQUES; T-CELL DEPLETION; DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; SIV INFECTION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION AB Background In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs could prove to be an effective intervention strategy if highly efficacious and cost-effective PrEP modalities are identified. We evaluated daily and intermittent PrEP regimens of increasing antiviral activity in a macaque model that closely resembles human transmission. Methods and Findings We used a repeat-exposure macaque model with 14 weekly rectal virus challenges. Three drug treatments were given once daily, each to a different group of six rhesus macaques. Group 1 was treated subcutaneously with a human-equivalent dose of emtricitabine (FTC), group 2 received orally the human-equivalent dosing of both FTC and tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and group 3 received subcutaneously a similar dosing of FTC and a higher dose of tenofovir. A fourth group of six rhesus macaques ( group 4) received intermittently a PrEP regimen similar to group 3 only 2 h before and 24 h after each weekly virus challenge. Results were compared to 18 control macaques that did not receive any drug treatment. The risk of infection in macaques treated in groups 1 and 2 was 3.8- and 7.8-fold lower than in untreated macaques (p = 0.02 and p = 0.008, respectively). All six macaques in group 3 were protected. Breakthrough infections had blunted acute viremias; drug resistance was seen in two of six animals. All six animals in group 4 that received intermittent PrEP were protected. Conclusions This model suggests that single drugs for daily PrEP can be protective but a combination of antiretroviral drugs may be required to increase the level of protection. Short but potent intermittent PrEP can provide protection comparable to that of daily PrEP in this SHIV/macaque model. These findings support PrEP trials for HIV prevention in humans and identify promising PrEP modalities. C1 [Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Otten, Ron A.; Qari, Shoukat H.; Cong, Mian-er; Masciotra, Silvina; Luo, Wei; Kim, Caryn; Adams, Debra R.; Monsour, Michael; Lipscomb, Jonathan; Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Janssen, Robert; Folks, Thomas M.; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jackson, Eddie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Delinsky, David; Schinazi, Raymond F.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-Lerma@cdc.gov; WHeneine@cdc.gov OI Qari, Shoukat/0000-0002-0016-4414 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P30-AI50409, P30 AI050409] NR 48 TC 204 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 AR e28 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050028 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287PK UT WOS:000254928800019 PM 18254653 ER PT J AU Jones, JF AF Jones, James F. TI An extended concept of altered self: Chronic fatigue and post-infection syndromes SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE altered self; sickness behavior; chronic fatigue syndrome; post-infection fatigue; interoception; functional brain imaging ID INDUCED SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; INTERFERON-ALPHA TREATMENT; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; HPA AXIS; BRAIN; DEPRESSION AB Sickness behavior in active infectious diseases is defined here as the responses to cytokines and other mediators of inflammation as well as the adaptability of a pre-existing integrated immunological, psychological, neurological, and philosophical self. These complex behaviors are biologically advantageous to the afflicted individual, but they also impact surrounding, individuals. If chronic conditions, such as chronic fatigue syndrome or post-infection fatigue, exhibiting these behaviors follow infection in the absence of ongoing changes in immunological self associated with an active infection or subsequent injury, they are currently considered illness states rather than true diseases. Self-referential recognition (interoception) of bodily processes by the brain and subsequent unconscious and conscious adaptive responses arising in the brain, i.e., in the endocrine system and immune systems, which are initiated during the infection and would normally lead to positive maintenance, may become maladaptive and Lead to an "extended altered self state." Exploratory measurements of such alterations using a "top-down" approach such as monitoring responses to appropriate challenges can be obtained using functional brain imaging techniques. Once identified, processes remediable to biological/pharmacologic and/or psychological intervention can be targeted in directed trials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, James F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jaj9@cdc.gov NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.007 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 265MH UT WOS:000253362600001 PM 18162328 ER PT J AU Smith, AK Dimulescu, I Falkenberg, VR Narasimhan, S Heim, C Vernon, SD Rajeevan, MS AF Smith, Alicia K. Dimulescu, Irina Falkenberg, Virginia R. Narasimhan, Supraja Heim, Christine Vernon, Suzanne D. Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. TI Genetic evaluation of the serotonergic system in chronic fatigue syndrome SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; polymorphisms; HTR2A; serotonin; HPA axis; TH1/E47 transcription factor ID 5-HT2A RECEPTOR GENE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; T102C POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; HEALTH SURVEY; ASSOCIATION AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disorder of unknown etiology with no known lesions, diagnostic markers or therapeutic intervention. The pathophysiology of CFS remains elusive, although abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) have been implicated, particularly hyperactivity of the serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system and hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Since alterations in 5-HT signaling can lead to physiologic and behavioral changes, a genetic evaluation of the 5-HT system was undertaken to identify serotonergic markers associated with CFS and potential mechanisms for CNS abnormality. A total of 77 polymorphisms in genes related to serotonin synthesis (TPH2), signaling (HTR1A, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR3B, HTR4, HTR5A, HTR6, and HTR7), transport (SLC6A4), and catabolism (MAOA) were examined in 137 clinically evaluated subjects (40 CFS, 55 with insufficient fatigue, and 42 non-fatigued, NF, controls) derived from a population-based CFS surveillance study in Wichita, Kansas. Of the polymorphisms examined, three markers (-1438G/A, C102T, and rs1923884) all located in the 5-HT receptor subtype HTR2A were associated with CFS when compared to NF controls. Additionally, consistent associations were observed between HTR2A variants and quantitative measures of disability and fatigue in all subjects. The most compelling of these associations was with the A allele of -1438G/A (rs6311) which is suggested to have increased promoter activity in functional studies. Further, in silica analysis revealed that the -1438 A allele creates a consensus binding site for Th1/E47, a transcription factor implicated in the development of the nervous system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay supports allele-specific binding of E47 to the A allele but not the G allele at this locus. These data indicate that sequence variation in HTR2A, potentially resulting in its enhanced activity, may be involved in the pathophysiology of CFS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Alicia K.; Dimulescu, Irina; Falkenberg, Virginia R.; Narasimhan, Supraja; Vernon, Suzanne D.; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Heim, Christine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009 NR 76 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.001 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 265MH UT WOS:000253362600007 PM 18079067 ER PT J AU Kaydos-Daniels, SC Beach, MJ Shwe, T Magri, J Bixler, D AF Kaydos-Daniels, S. Cornelia Beach, Michael J. Shwe, Thein Magri, Julie Bixler, Danae TI Health effects associated with indoor swimming pools: A suspected toxic chloramine exposure SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Objectives: A cohort and environmental study tested the hypothesis that suspected exposure to chloramines (by-products of chlorine for disinfection and ammonia from human sources) from a hotel's indoor swimming pool was associated with an outbreak among children who had attended a party at the pool. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: A case was defined as any hotel guest/visitor on 5-6 October 2002 who experienced three or more symptoms typical of chloramine exposure on either day after visiting the hotel. A cohort study and an environmental assessment were performed to determine the association between pool exposure and illness. Results: Of 128 individuals interviewed, 32 met the case definition. Common symptoms among case patients were cough (84%), eye irritation (78%) and rash (34%). Illness was associated with entering the pool area [odds ratio (OR) 19.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-172], but more strongly with swimming (OR 72.0; 95% CI 9.1-568). Pool chloramine levels on 6 October 2002 were >= 0.7ppm (optimal level = 0 ppm; state maximum = 0.5 ppm). The pool operator lacked format training in pool maintenance. Conclusions: High chloramine levels may have caused illness in individuals who were either in or near the pool. This outbreak underscores the need for regular pool maintenance, improved air quality, education and certification for all operators of public and semipubtic pools, and education about healthy swimming practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. The Royal Institute of Public Health. C1 [Kaydos-Daniels, S. Cornelia; Shwe, Thein; Bixler, Danae] W Virginia Bureau Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA. [Kaydos-Daniels, S. Cornelia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beach, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Magri, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaydos-Daniels, SC (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM neely@rti.org NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.06.011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 271RA UT WOS:000253805200010 PM 17826809 ER PT J AU Menon, R Merialdi, M Betran, AP Allen, T Lin, B Eckardt, J Khoury, M Ioannidis, JP Bertram, L Hollegaard, M Velez, DR Dolan, S AF Menon, Ramkumar Merialdi, Mario Betran, Ana Pilar Allen, Tomas Lin, Bruce Eckardt, Judith Khoury, Mont Ioannidis, John P. Bertram, Lars Hollegaard, Mads Velez, Digna R. Dolan, Siobhan TI Systematic review and meta-analyses of preterm birth genetic association studies SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 26-29, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Gynecol Invest C1 [Menon, Ramkumar; Velez, Digna R.] Perinatal Res Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Merialdi, Mario; Betran, Ana Pilar; Allen, Tomas] WHO, Geneva, NY USA. [Lin, Bruce] March Dimes, New York, NY USA. [Khoury, Mont] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ioannidis, John P.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bertram, Lars] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hollegaard, Mads] NANEA, Aarhus, Denmark. [Dolan, Siobhan] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. RI Betran, Ana Pilar/G-2023-2010; Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 SU S MA 142 BP 101A EP 101A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 268LP UT WOS:000253581600144 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Ravi, SR Barr, DB Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Ravi, Sarena R. Barr, Dana B. Hauser, Russ TI Circulating estradiol in men is inversely related to urinary metabolites of nonpersistent insecticides SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbaryl; chlorpyrifos; endocrine disruption; estradiol; hormone; male reproduction; pesticides; prolactin ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; SWEDISH AGRICULTURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELDERLY-MEN; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE AB Background: Estradiol plays an important role in male reproductive health as a germ cell survival factor. Chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, nonpersistent insecticides to which the general population are commonly exposed, were recently shown to inhibit estradiol metabolism in vitro which could lead to altered hormone balance. Methods: Subjects (N = 322) were the male partners in couples presenting to a Massachusetts infertility clinic from years 2000-2003. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), the major urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1- and 2-naphthol (1N and 2N), urinary metabolites of carbaryl and naphthalene, were measured in a spot urine sample from each subject. Estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and prolactin were measured in serum collected from subjects during the same clinic visit. Results: Using multiple linear regression, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in TCPY was associated with a 1.36 pg/mL decline (95% confidence interval = -2.91 to -0.22) in estradiol concentration. When estradiol and TCPY were divided into quintiles, there was a dose-dependent increase in the odds of being in the lowest estradiol quintile with increasing TCPY quintiles. Conclusion: On a population level, these reductions in estradiol levels are of potential public health importance because of widespread exposure to TCPY and its parent insecticides. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Meeker, John D.; Ravi, Sarena R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis & Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Fertil Ctr, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES009718-09, ES09718, R01 ES009718] NR 55 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.12.005 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 284RL UT WOS:000254723400006 PM 18249523 ER PT J AU Rubinson Ritz Malatino Hanley O'Laughlin Branson, RD Daugherty Talmor Nelson, SB Pierson, DJ AF Rubinson, Lewis Ritz Malatino Hanley O'Laughlin Branson, Richard D. Daugherty Talmor Nelson, Steven B. Pierson, David J. TI Mass casualty respiratory care: A discussion of issues of interest SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Editorial Material DE disaster; mass casualty; mechanical ventilation; ventilator; oxygen; emergency preparedness; resource management; disaster medicine; personal protective equipment; information technology AB This journal conference was the first to be held with a live audience. After the final faculty presentation, and in lieu of a conference summary from the guest editors, the conference faculty had a discussion session that addressed written questions from the audience. The moderators, Lewis Rubinson and Rich Branson, reviewed the questions and addressed them either to specific conference faculty or to the entire conference faculty group. There were too many questions to address in the allotted time, so the moderators selected the questions they thought either most pertinent or most likely to be answerable. C1 [Pierson, David J.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Nelson, Steven B.] Sun Microsyst Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis; Malatino] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 261CE UT WOS:000253055900013 ER PT J AU Saadine, JB Fong, DS Yao, J AF Saadine, Jinaan B. Fong, Donald S. Yao, Janis TI Factors associated with follow-up eye examinations among persons with diabetes SO RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diabetes eye care; diabetes mellitus; eye examination ID CARE; QUALITY AB Objective: The authors investigated the process of diabetes eye care by assessing follow-up eye examinations in patients with diagnosed diabetes in a managed care organization. Methods: The authors randomly identified 5000 diabetic patients from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California diabetes case identification database. A total of 2412 patients received an eye examination during the enrollment period. The medical records of these patients then were reviewed to determine the interval of the next eye examination. The authors investigated characteristics of patients who had a follow-up examination within 1 year and > 1 year. Results: Although every diabetic patient is sent an annual reminder to get an eye examination, only 27.6% of patients were re-examined within 1 year. One third of patients with diabetes did not see an ophthalmologist or optometrist in the next 2 years even though a substantial number had already been diagnosed with retinopathy. Patients who were older, had a longer duration of diabetes, and used insulin were more likely to have a follow-up examination within 1 year. Neither levels of glycosylated hemoglobin or serum cholesterol nor race/ethnicity were associated with likelihood of getting a repeat examination. Patients who had slightly worse visual acuity and retinopathy level were more likely to have an examination within 1 year. Conclusion: The current report assesses the process of eye care by investigating the frequency of follow-up examination in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients who were older, with longer duration of diabetes, with poorer vision and more severe retinopathy were more likely to have a follow-up examination within 1 year. Glycemic control and race/ethnicity were not associated with follow-up within 1 year. Additional studies are needed to further understand the barriers to receiving a follow-up eye examination among people with diabetes. C1 [Saadine, Jinaan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fong, Donald S.] Dept Ophthalmol, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yao, Janis] So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Res, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Fong, DS (reprint author), Dept Res & Evaluat, 100 S Los Robles,2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Donald.S.Fong@kp.org NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0275-004X J9 RETINA-J RET VIT DIS JI Retin.-J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 266TV UT WOS:000253460800001 PM 18301023 ER PT J AU Stout, NA AF Stout, N. A. TI The public health approach to occupational injury research: From surveillance to prevention SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference Working on Safety CY SEP, 2006 CL Zeewolde, NETHERLANDS SP Dutch Minist Social Affairs & Employment, Delft Univ Technol, Safety Sci Grp DE occupational injury AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the US uses the public health model as the framework for occupational injury prevention research. This model is described, along with where we have made progress in this research process, and where we need to focus our efforts in the future. The specific role of surveillance in research and prevention of occupational injuries is also discussed, as well as the importance of partnership efforts to facilitate the transfer of research to practice. Suggestions are provided for stimulating a global approach to surveillance and to the transfer of research to practice. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stout, NA (reprint author), CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM nas5@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.04.009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 272OG UT WOS:000253868400008 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Kachur, R AF Hogben, Matthew Kachur, Rachel TI Internet partner notification: Another arrow in the quiver SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; HIV; INFECTION; COVERAGE; OUTCOMES C1 [Hogben, Matthew; Kachur, Rachel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov; rkachur@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816408dd PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 254GC UT WOS:000252573400002 PM 18216724 ER PT J AU Geisler, WM Wang, C Morrison, SG Black, CM Bandea, CI Hook, EW AF Geisler, William M. Wang, Chengbin Morrison, Sandra G. Black, Carolyn M. Bandea, Claudili I. Hook, Edward W., III TI The natural history of untreated Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the interval between screening and returning for treatment SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; URINE AB Background: Studies of the natural history of genital chlamydial infections in humans are sparse and have had study design limitations. An improved understanding of chlamydial natural history may influence recommendations for elements of control efforts such as chlamydia screening frequency or time parameters for partner notification. Methods: Addressing limitations of prior studies in part, we are prospectively studying chlamydial natural history in sexually transmitted diseases clinic patients in the interval between screening and returning for treatment of positive chlamydial tests. Results of repeat chlamydial testing and clinical outcomes and their associated predictors are being evaluated. Results: In the initial 129 subjects, 89% were female, 88% were black, median age was 21 years, and the median interval between screening and treatment was 13 days. Based on nucleic acid amplification testing at treatment, spontaneous resolution of chlamydia occurred in 18%. Resolution was somewhat more common in subjects with longer intervals between screening and treatment. Persisting infections more often progressed to develop clinical signs at the time of treatment (e.g., urethritis or cervicitis). Two women and one man developed chlamydial complications between screening and treatment. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that although spontaneous resolution of chlamydia is common, many persons with persisting chlamydia progress to develop signs of infection and some develop complications. C1 UAB, STD Program, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Geisler, William M.; Morrison, Sandra G.; Hook, Edward W., III] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Geisler, William M.; Wang, Chengbin; Hook, Edward W., III] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Black, Carolyn M.; Bandea, Claudili I.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hook, Edward W., III] Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Geisler, WM (reprint author), UAB, STD Program, 703 19th St S,242 Zeigler Res Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM wgeisler@uab.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI 57920] NR 13 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318151497d PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 254GC UT WOS:000252573400003 PM 17898680 ER PT J AU Tao, G Irwin, KL AF Tao, Guoyu Irwin, Kathleen L. TI Receipt of HIV and STD testing services during routine general medical or gynecological examinations: Variations by patient sexual risk behaviors SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA; CARE; HISTORY; TRIAL AB Objective: Clinical practice guidelines in the United States recommend screening patients who report high-risk sexual behaviors (HRSB) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and selected sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The objective of this study was to estimate HIV and STD diagnostic and testing practices during routine general medical examinations (RGME) or gynecological examinations (GYNE) of patients by their reported HRSB status. Methods: We analyzed medical claims data from commercially-insured patients in the United States who sought care during 2000-2003. International Classification of Disease-9 (ICD-9) diagnostic and Current Procedural Terminology procedural codes were used to identify claims for HRSB, RGME or GYNE, HIV and STD diagnoses, and HIV and STD tests. Results: Of 4296 patients aged 15 to 54 years during RGME or GYNE, almost none had ICD-9 codes for HIV, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection. Patients with claims for HRSB were significantly more likely than patients without a claim for HRSB to be tested for HIV, syphilis, CT, and NG. Among patients with HRSB-RGME, men were significantly more likely to be tested for HIV (79.3% vs. 38.8%) and syphilis (39.1% vs. 27.6%) and less likely to be tested for CT (20.7% vs. 56.9%) and NG (20.7% vs. 50.9%) than were women. Conclusions: A large proportion of patients with HRSB at RGME or GYNE did not receive HIV and STD tests. Interventions to increase HIV and STD testing of patients at visits with claims for HRSB are needed to enhance guideline adherence. C1 [Tao, Guoyu; Irwin, Kathleen L.] Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tao, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181585be5 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 254GC UT WOS:000252573400010 PM 18090177 ER PT J AU Mark, H Irwin, K Sternberg, M Anderson, L Magid, D Stiffman, M AF Mark, Hayley Irwin, Kathleen Sternberg, Maya Anderson, Lynda Magid, David Stiffman, Michael TI Providers' perceived barriers to sexually transmitted disease care in 2 large health maintenance organizations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEDICAID MANAGED CARE; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; RISK ASSESSMENT; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; SEX PARTNERS; PHYSICIANS; HIV; PRACTITIONERS AB Goal. To identify providers' perceived barriers to sexually transmitted disease (STD) care in 2 health plans and plan-, clinician-, and patient-level factors that were associated with these barriers in order to inform quality improvement interventions. Study Design: Surveys were mailed to a stratified sample of 1000 physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners at 2 large health plans in 1999-2000. Of the 743 (82%) providers who received questionnaires and responded, data were analyzed from 699 with complete specialty information. Results: Ninety-five percent of providers identified at least 1 barrier to STD care. The most commonly cited barriers in both plans related to insufficient time and staff to address STDs, to counsel patients or manage sex partners, to keep current with managing high-risk patients, and to monitor patient adherence to recommendations to abstain from sex or use condoms during treatment. Nurse practitioners and specialists in obstetrics and gynecology were more likely to cite these barriers. Providers in staff models were more likely to cite the most common patient-level barriers. Few cited barriers related to diagnostic and treatment services. Conclusions: Interventions in health plans are necessary to address constraints related to time and staff performing STD related care, keeping current with managing high-risk patients, and supporting patient adherence to provider recommendations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Community & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Irwin, Kathleen; Sternberg, Maya; Anderson, Lynda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Magid, David] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Permanente Med Grp, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. [Magid, David] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Magid, David] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Denver, CO USA. [Stiffman, Michael] Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Mark, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Community & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM hmarkl@son.jhmi.edu NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1097/OLQ.01b013e31815a9f7e PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 254GC UT WOS:000252573400014 PM 18046264 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Balluz, L Mokdad, AH AF Strine, Tara W. Chapman, Daniel P. Balluz, Lina Mokdad, Ali H. TI Health-related quality of life and health behaviors by social and emotional support SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social and emotional support; health behaviors; health-related quality of life; disability; surveillance ID SMOKING-CESSATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CANCER SURVIVORS; HIV; DEPRESSION; DISEASE; ADULTS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; ADHERENCE AB Background Social and emotional support is an important construct, which has been associated with a reduced risk of mental illness, physical illness, and mortality. Despite its apparent relevance to health, there have been no recent state or national population-based U. S. studies regarding social and emotional support. In order to better address this issue, we examined health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and health behaviors by level of social and emotional support in community-dwelling adults in the United States and its territories. Methods Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random digit telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U. S. population aged 18 years. In 2005, one social and emotional support question, four HRQOL questions, two disability questions, one life satisfaction question, and four health behavior questions were administered in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U. S. Virgin Islands. An additional five HRQOL questions were administered in two states. Results An estimated 8.6% of adults reported that they rarely/never received social and emotional support; ranging in value from 4.2% in Minnesota to 12.4% in the U. S. Virgin Islands. As the level of social and emotional support decreased, the prevalence of fair/poor general health, dissatisfaction with life, and disability increased, as did the mean number of days of physical distress, mental distress, activity limitation, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, insufficient sleep, and pain. Moreover, the prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and heavy drinking increased with decreasing level of social and emotional support. Additionally, the mean number of days of vitality slightly decreased with decreasing level of social and emotional support; particularly between those who always/usually received social and emotional support and those who sometimes received support. Conclusions These findings indicate that the assessment of social and emotional support is highly congruent with the practice of psychiatry. Assessment of social and emotional support, both in psychiatric and medical settings, may identify risk factors germane to adverse health behaviors, and foster interventions designed to improve the mental and physical health of at risk segments of the population. C1 [Strine, Tara W.; Chapman, Daniel P.; Balluz, Lina; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 24 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00127-007-0277-x PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 255FB UT WOS:000252641700008 PM 17962895 ER PT J AU Haley, CA Cain, KP Yu, C Garman, KF Wells, CD Laserson, KF AF Haley, Connie A. Cain, Kevin P. Yu, Chang Garman, Katie F. Wells, Charles D. Laserson, Kayla F. TI Risk-based screening for latent tuberculosis infection SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; foreign-born; latent tuberculosis infection; tuberculin testing ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; FACILITIES; PROGRAM AB Background: National guidelines recommend targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among high-risk groups but discourage testing low-risk persons. Methods: We determined the LTBI prevalence (tuberculin skin test [TST] reaction >= 10 mm) among adults with and without TB exposure risk factors screened in Tennessee from 1/2/2002 to 4/19/2005. We then quantified LTBI risk among groups at high-risk for TB using multivariate analysis. Results: Of 53,061 adults tested, the LTBI prevalence was 34% among foreign-born persons, compared with 3.2% among nonforeign-born persons (prevalence odds ratio [PORI 15.7, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 14.5-16.8). Among nonforeign-born adults, Asian race (POR 11.7, 95% Cl 5.9-23.4), and Hispanic ethnicity (POR 11.71, 95% Cl 9.0-15.2) were most strongly associated with LTBI. Only 2.4% of low-risk persons had LTBI. Conclusions: Risk-based screening can effectively distinguish persons who will benefit from LTBI testing and treatment. Targeted testing programs should prioritize foreign-born persons. Testing of low-risk persons is unnecessary. C1 [Haley, Connie A.; Cain, Kevin P.; Yu, Chang; Garman, Katie F.; Wells, Charles D.; Laserson, Kayla F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, TN Eliminat Program, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. [Haley, Connie A.; Cain, Kevin P.; Yu, Chang; Garman, Katie F.; Wells, Charles D.; Laserson, Kayla F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haley, Connie A.; Cain, Kevin P.; Yu, Chang; Garman, Katie F.; Wells, Charles D.; Laserson, Kayla F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. [Haley, Connie A.; Cain, Kevin P.; Yu, Chang; Garman, Katie F.; Wells, Charles D.; Laserson, Kayla F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. RP Haley, CA (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, TN Eliminat Program, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 1605 Tynewood Dr, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. EM connie.haley@comcast.net NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 262LP UT WOS:000253150300015 PM 18364613 ER PT J AU MacClellan, LR Howard, TD Stine, OC Giles, W O'Connell, JR Cole, JW Wozniak, M Stern, B Mitchell, BD Kittner, SJ AF MacClellan, Leah R. Howard, Timothy D. Stine, O. C. Giles, Wayne O'Connell, Jeffery R. Cole, John W. Wozniak, Marcella Stern, Barney Mitchell, Braxton D. Kittner, Steven J. TI Relation of candidate genes that encode for endothelial function to migraine and stroke: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 19-21, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc, Amer Heart Assoc C1 [MacClellan, Leah R.; Stine, O. C.; O'Connell, Jeffery R.; Cole, John W.; Wozniak, Marcella; Stern, Barney; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Kittner, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Howard, Timothy D.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Giles, Wayne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 MA P247 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 256JY UT WOS:000252726100466 ER PT J AU Cole, JW Naj, AC O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Sorkin, JD Gallagher, M Giles, WH Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Macko, RF Reinhart, LJ Mitchell, BD Kittner, SJ AF Cole, John W. Naj, Adam C. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Stine, O. C. Sorkin, John D. Gallagher, Margaret Giles, Wayne H. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Macko, Richard F. Reinhart, Laurie J. Mitchell, Braxton D. Kittner, Steven J. TI Polymorphisms in the thrombomodulin - Endothelial cell protein C receptor system and the risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: The stroke prevention in young women study. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 19-21, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc, Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Cole, John W.; Wozniak, Marcella A.; Stern, Barney J.; Macko, Richard F.; Kittner, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Naj, Adam C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [O'Connell, Jeffrey R.; Stine, O. C.; Reinhart, Laurie J.; Mitchell, Braxton D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sorkin, John D.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallagher, Margaret; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 MA P270 BP 636 EP 637 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 256JY UT WOS:000252726100489 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Carroll, M Paulose-Ram, R Gu, QP AF Yoon, Sung Sug Carroll, Margaret Paulose-Ram, Ryne Gu, Qiuping TI Evaluation of cholesterol management in the united states: The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1999-2004. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd International Stroke Conference CY FEB 19-21, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Stroke Assoc, Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Yoon, Sung Sug; Carroll, Margaret; Paulose-Ram, Ryne; Gu, Qiuping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 MA P496 BP 689 EP 689 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 256JY UT WOS:000252726100707 ER PT J AU Hubbs, AF Goldsmith, WT Kashon, ML Frazer, D Mercer, RR Battelli, LA Kullman, GJ Schwegler-Berry, D Friend, S Castranova, V AF Hubbs, Ann F. Goldsmith, William T. Kashon, Michael L. Frazer, David Mercer, Robert R. Battelli, Lori A. Kullman, Gregory J. Schwegler-Berry, Diane Friend, Sherri Castranova, Vincent TI Respiratory Toxicologic Pathology of Inhaled Diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley Rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diacetyl; bronchiolitis obliterans; flavorings; airways obstruction; food processing workers; ketones; 2,3-butanedione ID POPCORN WORKERS LUNG; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; SENSITIZATION; REACTIVITY; EPITHELIUM; DISEASE; AIRWAYS; VAPORS; PLANT AB Inhalation of butter flavoring vapors by food manufacturing workers causes an emerging lung disease clinically resembling bronchiolitis obliterans. Diacetyl, an alpha-diketone, is a major component of these vapors. In rats, we investigated the toxicity of inhaled diacetyl at concentrations of up to 365 ppm (time weighted average), either as six-hour continuous exposures or as four brief, intense exposures over six hours. A separate group inhaled a single pulse of similar to 1800 ppm diacetyl (92.9 ppm six-hour average). Rats were necropsied 18 to 20 hours after exposure. Diacetyl inhalation caused epithelial necrosis and suppurative to fibrinosuppurative inflammation in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Bronchi were affected at diacetyl concentrations of 294.6 ppm or greater; the trachea and larynx were affected at diacetyl concentrations of 224 ppm or greater. Both pulsed and continuous exposure patterns caused epithelial injury. The nose had the greatest sensitivity to diacetyl. Ultrastructural changes in the tracheal epithelium included whorling and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, chromatin clumping beneath the nuclear membrane, vacuolation, increased intercellular space and foci of denuded basement membrane. Edema and hemorrhage extended into the lamina propria. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that inhaled diacetyl is a respiratory hazard. C1 [Hubbs, Ann F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Lab, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kullman, Gregory J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hubbs, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Lab, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ahubbs@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 330 EP 344 DI 10.1177/0192623307312694 PG 15 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UK UT WOS:000267457400014 PM 18474946 ER PT J AU Graves, PM Osgood, DE Thomson, MC Sereke, K Araia, A Zerom, M Ceccato, P Bell, M del Corral, J Ghebreselassie, S Brantly, EP Ghebremeskel, T AF Graves, Patricia M. Osgood, Daniel E. Thomson, Madeleine C. Sereke, Kiros Araia, Afwerki Zerom, Mehari Ceccato, Pietro Bell, Michael del Corral, John Ghebreselassie, Shashu Brantly, Eugene P. Ghebremeskel, Tewolde TI Effectiveness of malaria control during changing climate conditions in Eritrea, 1998-2003 SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; Eritrea; climate variability; control measures ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; EXPLORING 30 YEARS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MORTALITY; RAINFALL; TRENDS; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of impregnated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying and larval control relative to the impacts of climate variability in the decline of malaria cases in Eritrea. METHODS Monthly data on clinical malaria cases by subzoba (district) in three zobas (zones) of Eritrea for 1998-2003 were used in Poisson regression models to determine whether there is statistical evidence for reduction in cases by DDT, malathion, impregnated nets and larval control used over the period, while analysing the effects of satellite-derived climate variables in the same geographic areas. RESULTS Both indoor residual spraying (with DDT or malathion) and impregnated nets were independently and significantly negatively associated with reduction in cases, as was larval control in one zoba. Malaria cases were significantly positively related to differences in current and previous months' vegetation (NDVI) anomalies. The relationship to rainfall differences 2 and 3 months previously was also significant, but the direction of the effect varied by zoba. Standardized regression coefficients indicated a greater effect of climate in the zoba with less intense malaria transmission. CONCLUSION The results support the view that both indoor residual spraying and impregnated nets have been independently effective against malaria, and that larval control was also effective in one area. Thus climate, while significant, is not the only explanation for the recent decline in malaria cases in Eritrea. If appropriate statistical approaches are used, routine surveillance data from cases attending health facilities can be useful for assessing control programme success and providing estimates of the effectiveness of individual control measures. Effectiveness estimates suitable for use in cost-effectiveness analysis have been obtained. C1 [Graves, Patricia M.] EpiVec Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. [Osgood, Daniel E.; Thomson, Madeleine C.; Ceccato, Pietro; Bell, Michael; del Corral, John] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Sereke, Kiros; Araia, Afwerki; Zerom, Mehari; Ghebremeskel, Tewolde] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Asmera, Eritrea. [Ghebreselassie, Shashu] Minist Hlth, Dept Res & Human Resource Dev, Asmera, Eritrea. [Brantly, Eugene P.] Res Triangle Inst Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Graves, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Carter Ctr, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22,Bldg 102,Room 2113, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pgraves@cdc.gov RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01993.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 281GM UT WOS:000254484900011 PM 18304268 ER PT J AU Hancock, K Narang, S Pattabhi, S Yushak, ML Khan, A Lin, SC Plemons, R Betenbaugh, MJ Tsang, VCW AF Hancock, Kathy Narang, Someet Pattabhi, Sowmya Yushak, Melinda L. Khan, Azra Lin, Seh-Ching Plemons, Robert Betenbaugh, Michael J. Tsang, Victor C. W. TI False positive reactivity of recombinant, diagnostic, glycoproteins produced in High Five (TM) insect cells: Effect of glycosylation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE insect cell glycosylation; diagnostic antigens; recombinant proteins; Trichoplusia ni; High Five; Soodoptera frugiperda (Sf9); cysticercosis ID N-GLYCAN PATTERNS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; HUMAN TRANSFERRIN; EXPRESSION; CYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS; EPITOPE; CLONING AB Baculovirus-mediated expression of recombinant proteins for use in diagnostic assays is commonplace. We expressed a diagnostic antigen for cysticercosis, GP50, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, in both High Five (TM) and Sf9 insect cells. Upon evaluation of the specificity of recombinant GP50 (rGP50) in a western blot assay, we observed that 12.5% (21/168) of the serum samples from persons with a variety of parasitic infections other than cysticercosis reacted positive when rGP50 was produced in High Five cells. The same samples reacted negative when rGP50 was produced in Sf9 cells. The false positive reactivities of these other parasitic infection sera were abolished when rGP50, expressed in High Five cells, was deglycosylated. In addition, the same sera that reacted with rGP50 from High Five cells also reacted with recombinant human transferrin (rhTf) when expressed in High Five cells, but not Sf9 cells. High Five cells, but not Sf9 cells, modify many glycoproteins with a core alpha(1,3)-fucose. This same modification is found in the glycoproteins of several parasitic worms and is known to be immunogenic. Since the distribution of these worms is widespread and millions of people are infected, the use of recombinant proteins with N-linked glycosylation produced in High Five cells for diagnostic antigens is likely to result in a number of false positive reactions and a decrease in assay specificity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hancock, Kathy; Pattabhi, Sowmya; Yushak, Melinda L.; Khan, Azra; Tsang, Victor C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lin, Seh-Ching] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Narang, Someet; Plemons, Robert; Betenbaugh, Michael J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hancock, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hihgway,Bldg 23,Room 1001, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM khancock@cdc.gov RI Betenbaugh, Michael J./A-3252-2010 OI Betenbaugh, Michael J./0000-0002-6336-4659 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 P01 AI 51976-01, U01 AI 35894]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 67935] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2007.08.002 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 265GZ UT WOS:000253348400013 PM 17868684 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, M Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, David M. Gudi, Rarnadevi Szkudlinska, Anna Rao, Meena Recio, Leslie Kehl, Margaret Kirby, Paul E. Polzin, Gregory Richter, Patricia A. TI Genotoxicity of 10 cigarette smoke condensates in four test systems: Comparisons between assays and condensates SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoke condensate; Salmonella; micronucleus; comet; chromosome aberrations ID TOBACCO PARTICULATE MATTER; IN-VITRO; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; WORKING GROUP; CARCINOGENS; EXPOSURE; CELLS; INDUCTION AB The particulate fraction of cigarette smoke, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), is genotoxic in many short-term in vitro tests and is carcinogenic in rodents. However, no study has evaluated a series of CSCs prepared from a diverse set of cigarettes and produced with different smoking machine regimens in several short-term genotoxicity tests. Here we report on the genotoxicity of 10 CSCs prepared from commercial cigarettes that ranged from ultra-low tar per cigarette (<= 6.5 mg) to full flavor (>14.5 mg) as determined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) smoking regimen, a reference cigarette blended to be representative of a U.S. FTC-regimen low-tar cigarette, and experimental cigarettes constructed of single tobacco types. CSCs were tested in the presence of rat liver S9 in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay using frameshift strains TA98 and YG1041; in micronucleus and comet assays in L5178Y/Tk(+/-) 7.3.2C mouse lymphoma cells, and in CHO-K-1 cells for chromosome aberrations. All 10 CSCs were mutagenic in both strains of Salmonella, and the rank order of their mutagenic potencies was similar. Their mutagenic potencies in Salmonella spanned 7-fold when expressed as rev/mu g CSC but 158-fold when expressed as rev/mg nicotine; the range of genotoxic potencies of the CSCs in the other assays was similar regardless of how the data were expressed. All 10 CSCs induced micronuclei with a 3-fold range in their potency. All but one CSC induced DNA damage over a 20-fold range, and all but one CSC induced chromosome aberrations over a 4-fold range. There was no relation among the genotoxic potencies of the CSCs across the assays, and a qualitative advantage of the addition of the other assays to the Salmonella assay was not supported by our findings. Although consideration of nicotine levels may improve the relevance of the quantitative data obtained in the Salmonella and possibly comet assays, compensatory smoking habits and other factors may make the data from the assays used here have qualitative but not quantitative value in assessing risk of cigarette types and cigarette smoking to human health. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richter, Patricia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gudi, Rarnadevi; Szkudlinska, Anna; Rao, Meena] BioReliance, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Recio, Leslie; Kehl, Margaret] Integrated Syst Lab Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Kirby, Paul E.] SITEK Res Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polzin, Gregory] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pirl@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 650 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.09.006 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 261KT UT WOS:000253078200002 PM 18006367 ER PT J AU Dabbagh, A Gacic-Dobo, M Wolfson, L Featherstone, D Strebel, P Okwo-Bele, JM Hoekstra, E Salama, P Wassilak, S Uzicanin, A AF Dabbagh, A. Gacic-Dobo, M. Wolfson, L. Featherstone, D. Strebel, P. Okwo-Bele, J. M. Hoekstra, E. Salama, P. Wassilak, S. Uzicanin, A. TI Progress in global measles control and mortality reduction, 2000-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1237-1241, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Dabbagh, A.; Gacic-Dobo, M.; Wolfson, L.; Featherstone, D.; Strebel, P.; Okwo-Bele, J. M.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hoekstra, E.; Salama, P.] UN, Childrens Fund, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Wassilak, S.; Uzicanin, A.] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dabbagh, A (reprint author), WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 4 BP 400 EP 402 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 256JK UT WOS:000252724500007 ER PT J AU Lind, L Reeser, J Stayman, K Deasy, M Moll, M Weltman, A Urdaneta, V Ostroff, S Chirdon, W Campagnolo, E Chen, T AF Lind, L. Reeser, J. Stayman, K. Deasy, M. Moll, M. Weltman, A. Urdaneta, V. Ostroff, S. Chirdon, W. Campagnolo, E. Chen, T. TI Salmonella Typhimurium infection associated with raw milk and cheese consumption - Pennsylvania, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1161-1164, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lind, L.; Reeser, J.; Stayman, K.; Deasy, M.; Moll, M.; Weltman, A.; Urdaneta, V.; Ostroff, S.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [Chirdon, W.] Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Campagnolo, E.; Chen, T.] CDC, Div State & Local Readiness, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lind, L (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 4 BP 402 EP 404 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 256JK UT WOS:000252724500008 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H Hess, J Vindigni, S AF Frumkin, Howard Hess, Jeremy Vindigni, Stephen TI Gasoline costs and treatment choices - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Frumkin, Howard; Hess, Jeremy; Vindigni, Stephen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hfrumkin@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 4 BP 408 EP 408 DI 10.1001/jama.299.4.408-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 256JK UT WOS:000252724500015 ER PT J AU Cummings, KJ Kreiss, K AF Cummings, Kristin J. Kreiss, Kathleen TI Contingent workers and contingent health - Risks of a modern economy SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT; SAFETY; EXPOSURE; INDUSTRY; INJURY C1 [Cummings, Kristin J.; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Cummings, KJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cvx5@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 4 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1001/jama.299.4.448 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 256JK UT WOS:000252724500023 PM 18230783 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Bresee, JS AF Dowell, Scott F. Bresee, Joseph S. TI Pandemic lessons from Iceland SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLUENZA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdowell@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 29 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1110 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711535105 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 258NF UT WOS:000252873900005 PM 18216247 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AD Otto, M Braughton, KR Whitney, AR Chen, L Mathema, B Mediavilla, JR Byrne, KA Parkins, LD Tenover, FC Kreiswirth, BN Musser, JM DeLeo, FR AF Kennedy, Adam D. Otto, Michael Braughton, Kevin R. Whitney, Adeline R. Chen, Liang Mathema, Barun Mediavilla, Jose R. Byrne, Kelly A. Parkins, Larye D. Tenover, Fred C. Kreiswirth, Barry N. Musser, James M. DeLeo, Frank R. TI Epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Recent clonal expansion and diversification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genomics; phylogeny; virulence; single-nucleotide polymorphism ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; GENOME; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; MRSA; EMERGENCE; TIME AB Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, are a major problem worldwide. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) appeared rapidly and unexpectedly in the United States, resulting in an epidemic caused primarily by isolates classified as USA300. The evolutionary and molecular underpinnings of this epidemic are poorly understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether there has been clonal emergence of USA300 isolates or evolutionary convergence toward a hypervirulent phenotype resulting in the independent appearance of similar organisms. To definitively resolve this issue and understand the phylogeny of USA300 isolates, we used comparative whole-genome sequencing to analyze 10 USA300 patient isolates from eight states in diverse geographic regions of the United States and multiple types of human infection. Eight of 10 isolates analyzed had very few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and thus were closely related, indicating recent diversification rather than convergence. Unexpectedly, 2 of the clonal isolates had significantly reduced mortality in a mouse sepsis model compared with the reference isolate (P = 0.0002), providing strong support to the idea that minimal genetic change in the bacterial genome can have profound effects on virulence. Taken together, our results demonstrate that there has been recent clonal expansion and diversification of a subset of isolates classified as USA300. The findings add an evolutionary dimension to the epidemiology and emergence of USA300 and suggest a similar mechanism for the pandemic occurrence and spread of penicillin-resistant S. aureus (known as phage-type 80/81 S. aureus) in the 1950s. C1 [Kennedy, Adam D.; Otto, Michael; Braughton, Kevin R.; Whitney, Adeline R.; Parkins, Larye D.; DeLeo, Frank R.] NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Mathema, Barun; Mediavilla, Jose R.; Kreiswirth, Barry N.] Publ Hlth Res Inst, Int Ctr Publ Hlth, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Musser, James M.] Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr ol & Translat Human Infect Dis Res, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP DeLeo, FR (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM fdeleo@niaid.nih.gov RI Chen, Liang/D-3583-2009; OI DeLeo, Frank/0000-0003-3150-2516; Otto, Michael/0000-0002-2222-4115 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 209 Z9 217 U1 4 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 29 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1332 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710217105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 258NF UT WOS:000252873900044 PM 18216255 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, Frank TI The growing burden of diabetes mellitus in the US elderly population - Invited commentry SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM FXVI@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 2 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.57 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254NR UT WOS:000252593800014 ER PT J AU Aguirre, D Mares-DelGrasso, A Emerson, C Tsang, J Pincus, J Calhoun, C Buckendahl, H Dekker, D Jafa-Bhushan, K Bowles, K Clark, H Song, B Sullivan, PS Heffelfinger, JD Cleveland, J Tai, E AF Aguirre, D. Mares-DelGrasso, A. Emerson, C. Tsang, J. Pincus, J. Calhoun, C. Buckendahl, H. Dekker, D. Jafa-Bhushan, K. Bowles, K. Clark, H. Song, B. Sullivan, P. S. Heffelfinger, J. D. Cleveland, J. Tai, E. TI Rapid HIV testing in outreach and other community settings - United States, 2004-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1233-1237, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Mares-DelGrasso, A.] AIDS Healthcare Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Emerson, C.] Tenderloin Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Tsang, J.] Night Minist, Chicago, IL USA. [Pincus, J.] Dotwell, Dorchester, MA USA. [Calhoun, C.] Community Hlth Awareness Grp, Detroit, MI USA. [Buckendahl, H.] Kansas City Free Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Dekker, D.] Whitman Walker Clin, Washington, DC USA. [Jafa-Bhushan, K.; Bowles, K.; Clark, H.; Song, B.; Sullivan, P. S.; Heffelfinger, J. D.; Tai, E.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cleveland, J.; Tai, E.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 3 BP 280 EP 282 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 253DB UT WOS:000252497800010 ER PT J AU Paulson, J Ramsini, W Conrey, E Duffy, R Cooper, MP AF Paulson, J. Ramsini, W. Conrey, E. Duffy, R. Cooper, M. P. TI Unregistered deaths among extremely low birthweight infants - Ohio, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1102-1103, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID REGISTRATION C1 [Paulson, J.; Ramsini, W.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Conrey, E.; Duffy, R.; Cooper, M. P.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paulson, J (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 3 BP 282 EP 283 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 253DB UT WOS:000252497800011 ER PT J AU Lubell, KM Kegler, SR Crosby, AE Karch, D AF Lubell, K. M. Kegler, S. R. Crosby, A. E. Karch, D. TI Suicide trends among youths and young adults aged 10-24 years - United States, 1990-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 905-908, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Lubell, K. M.; Kegler, S. R.; Crosby, A. E.; Karch, D.] CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lubell, KM (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 3 BP 283 EP 284 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 253DB UT WOS:000252497800012 ER PT J AU Abdel-Ghafar, AN Chotpitayasunondh, T Gao, ZC Hayden, FG Hien, ND de Jong, MD Naghdaliyev, A Peiris, JSM Shindo, N Soeroso, S Uyeki, TM AF Abdel-Ghafar, Abdel-Nasser Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Gao, Zhancheng Hayden, Frederick G. Hien, Nguyen Duc de Jong, Menno D. Naghdaliyev, Azim Peiris, J. S. Malik Shindo, Nahoko Soeroso, Santoso Uyeki, Timothy M. CA 2nd World Hlth Org Consultation TI Update on Avian Influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; OSELTAMIVIR; MICE; HEMAGGLUTININ; TRANSMISSION; VACCINE; CHINA; ASIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 [Hayden, Frederick G.; Shindo, Nahoko] WHO, Dept Epidem & Pandem Alert & Response, Global Influenza Program, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Abdel-Ghafar, Abdel-Nasser] Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. [Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee] Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Gao, Zhancheng] Peking Univ, Peoples Hosp, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hayden, Frederick G.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Hien, Nguyen Duc] Natl Inst Infect & Trop Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. [de Jong, Menno D.] Hosp Trop Dis, Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Naghdaliyev, Azim] Abulfaz Karayev Childrens Hosp 2, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Peiris, J. S. Malik] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Soeroso, Santoso] Natl Infect Dis Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hayden, FG (reprint author), WHO, Dept Epidem & Pandem Alert & Response, Global Influenza Program, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM haydenf@who.int RI Peiris, Joseph/C-4380-2009 NR 77 TC 515 Z9 551 U1 5 U2 62 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 3 BP 261 EP 273 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251LS UT WOS:000252375600007 ER PT J AU McMahon, AW Iskander, JK Haber, P Braun, MM Ball, R AF McMahon, A. W. Iskander, J. K. Haber, P. Braun, M. M. Ball, R. TI Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children < 2 years of age: Examination of selected adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after thimerosal-free or thimerosal-containing vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; adverse event; thimerosal; infant AB Thimerosal as a preservative (in all but trace amounts) was removed from vaccines used in infants starting in the late 1990s, though the preservative-including inactivated influenza vaccine is stilt available for use in individuals >= 6 months of age. We compared the proportion of injection site reactions, rash, and infections reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after preservative-free (PFV), preservative-including (PIV), and preservative unknown (PUV) vaccines in reports from 7/1/2004 to 1/4/2006. There were 145, 175, and 216 reports after vaccination with PFV, PIV, and PUV, respectively. The most frequently reported coding terms (fever, rash, and urticaria) were seen in similar proportions in the PFV PIV, and PUV groups. No difference was detected in the proportion of injection site reactions (ISR), rash, or infections in the PIV, PFV, and PUV reports. Keeping in mind the inherent limitations of VAERS, including underreporting and potential reporting biases, we conclude that there were no substantial differences in the proportion of rash, ISR, and infection reports in the PIV, PFV and PUV reports in infants. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McMahon, A. W.; Braun, M. M.; Ball, R.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Iskander, J. K.; Haber, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McMahon, AW (reprint author), Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Food & Drug Adm, 1093 New Hampshire Ave,Room 3474, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM ann.mcmahon@fda.hhs.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.071 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 261DU UT WOS:000253060100017 PM 18093701 ER PT J AU Li, CI Malone, KE Daling, JR Potter, JD Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Strom, BL Simon, MS Press, MF Ursin, G Burkman, RT Folger, SG Norman, S McDonald, JA Spirtas, R AF Li, Christopher I. Malone, Kathleen E. Daling, Janet R. Potter, John D. Bernstein, Leslie Marchbanks, Polly A. Strom, Brian L. Simon, Michael S. Press, Michael F. Ursin, Giske Burkman, Ronald T. Folger, Suzanne G. Norman, Sandra McDonald, Jill A. Spirtas, Robert TI Timing of menarche and first full-term birth in relation to breast cancer risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; histology; menarche; menopause; pregnancy; premenopause; receptors, estrogen; receptors, progesterone ID REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; WOMEN; AGE; CARCINOMA AB Ages at menarche and first birth are established risk factors for breast cancer. The interval between these ages may also affect risk, since the breast is more susceptible to carcinogenic insults during this period than during the parous period. However, few investigators have studied this relation. Using logistic regression, the authors evaluated associations between the timing of reproductive events and breast cancer risk among 4,013 cases and 4,069 controls enrolled in a multicenter, population-based US case-control study of White and African-American women (1994-1998). For White, parous premenopausal and postmenopausal women, those who had an interval of >= 16 years between the ages of menarche and first birth had 1.5-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 2.2) and 1.4-fold (95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) increased risks of breast cancer, respectively, in comparison with those who had <= 5 years between these ages. Adjusting for age at first birth altered these risk estimates somewhat, to odds ratios of 1.5 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.9) and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.5), respectively. These associations were stronger for lobular and hormone-receptor-positive tumors but were absent among premenopausal African-American women. The authors conclude that the interval between age at menarche and age at first birth is associated with the risk of hormonally sensitive types of breast cancer, particularly among White women. C1 [Li, Christopher I.; Malone, Kathleen E.; Daling, Janet R.; Potter, John D.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Bernstein, Leslie; Ursin, Giske] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bernstein, Leslie; Ursin, Giske] Univ So Calif, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Marchbanks, Polly A.; Folger, Suzanne G.; McDonald, Jill A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strom, Brian L.; Norman, Sandra] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Strom, Brian L.; Norman, Sandra] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Simon, Michael S.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. [Press, Michael F.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ursin, Giske] Univ Oslo, Fac Med, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Burkman, Ronald T.] Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. [Spirtas, Robert] NICHHD, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Li, CI (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-C308,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cili@fhcrc.org OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA022453]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD023166, N01 HD033174, N01 HD033175, N01 HD033176, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-2-3168, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01 HD007022, Y01-HD-7022] NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 2 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm271 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 253DF UT WOS:000252498200013 PM 17965112 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Yazdy, MM Frias, JL Honein, MA AF Rasmussen, Sonia A. Yazdy, Mahsa M. Frias, Jaime L. Honein, Margaret A. TI Priorities for Public Health Research on Craniosynostosis: Summary and recommendations from a centers for disease control and prevention-sponsored meeting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE cranial suture; epidemiology; public health; surgery; psychology; genetics; research priorities ID SINGLE-SUTURE CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; NONSYNDROMIC CORONAL CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; SAGITTAL SYNOSTOSIS; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; CRANIOFACIAL SYNOSTOSIS; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; 20-YEAR EXPERIENCE; UNSOLVED PROBLEMS; CLINICAL FINDINGS AB On June 8-9, 2006, the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a meeting entitled "Prioritizing a Public Health Research Agenda for Craniosynostosis". The meeting goals were to review current knowledge in the area, discuss research gaps, and identify future priorities for public health research. Participants with a broad range of expertise (including clinical and molecular genetics, cranial morphology, epidemiology, pediatrics, psychology, public health, and surgery) contributed to the development of the research agenda. Meeting participants were asked to consider public health significance and feasibility when identifying areas of priority for future public health research. Participants identified several priorities, including the need to better delineate the prevalence and phenotype of craniosynostosis (CS); to identify factors important in the causation of CS (including potentially modifiable environmental risk factors as well as genes involved in isolated CS and gene-gene and gene -environment interactions); and to better understand short- and long-term outcomes of CS (e.g., surgical, neurocognitive and neuropsychological outcomes, psychological adjustment, and social relationships) and issues related to clinical care that Could affect those outcomes. The need for improved collaboration among clinical treatment centers and standardization of data collection to address these priorities was emphasized. These priorities will be used to guide future public health research on CS. published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 [Rasmussen, Sonia A.; Yazdy, Mahsa M.; Frias, Jaime L.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Difects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yazdy, Mahsa M.] ORISE, Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frias, Jaime L.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Difects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 78 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32106 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248EJ UT WOS:000252134400002 PM 18080327 ER PT J AU Callahan, LF Mielenz, T Freburger, J Shreffler, J Hootman, J Brady, T Buysse, K Schwartz, T AF Callahan, Leigh F. Mielenz, Thelma Freburger, Janet Shreffler, Jack Hootman, Jennifer Brady, Teresa Buysse, Katherine Schwartz, Todd TI A Randomized controlled trial of the people with arthritis can exercise program: Symptoms, function, physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SELF-EFFICACY; OLDER-ADULTS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; AEROBIC EXERCISE; FITNESS; PERFORMANCE; SCALE; PAIN AB Objective. To evaluate the basic 8-week People with Arthritis Can Exercise (PACE) program for improvements in primary (symptoms, functioning, level of physical activity) and secondary (psychosocial) outcomes. Methods. A total of 346 individuals with self-reported arthritis from 18 sites participated in a randomized controlled trial of PACE. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. The intervention group completed self-reported assessments at 3 and 6 months. Two-level multiple linear regression models were estimated to calculate adjusted outcome means in the intervention and control groups. A mixed-effects repeated-measures model was used to calculate adjusted means in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months. Both intent-to-treat (ITT) and as-treated (AT) analyses were conducted. Results. At 8 weeks, the intervention group had improvements in the following outcomes: 2 symptom outcomes (pain, fatigue) and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for managing arthritis) in the ITT analyses; 1 symptom outcome (pain), 1 function outcome (chair stands), and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for arthritis management) in the AT analyses. In addition, completers who attended >= 9 classes had improvements in 3 symptom outcomes (pain, fatigue, stiffness), 2 function outcomes (10-pound lifts, chair stands), and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for arthritis management) at 8 weeks. Relative to baseline, PACE participants maintained significant improvements in symptoms at 6 months, but declined in function and self-efficacy for exercise. Conclusion. If adults with arthritis attend a majority of PACE classes, they may expect improvements in symptoms, self-efficacy for arthritis management, and upper and lower extremity function. Achieving sustained improvement in outcomes may require continued participation in PACE. C1 [Callahan, Leigh F.; Mielenz, Thelma; Freburger, Janet; Shreffler, Jack; Buysse, Katherine; Schwartz, Todd] Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hootman, Jennifer; Brady, Teresa] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hootman, Jennifer; Brady, Teresa] Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Callahan, LF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, 3300 Thurston Bldg,CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM leigh_callahan@med.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 FU PHS HHS [MM-0275-03/03] NR 43 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1002/art.23239 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 251OR UT WOS:000252383600012 PM 18163409 ER PT J AU Choi, JWJ Ford, ES Gao, X Choi, HK AF Choi, Jee Woong J. Ford, Earl S. Gao, Xiang Choi, Hyon K. TI Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level: The third national health and nutrition examination survey SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERURICAEMIA; FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDE TURNOVER; PURINE-RICH FOODS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; URATE PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; NHANES-III; GOUT AB Objective. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks contain large amounts of fructose, which may significantly increase serum uric acid levels and the risk of gout. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between sugar-sweetened soft drink intake, diet soft drink intake, and serum uric acid levels in a nationally representative sample of men and women. Methods. Using data from 14,761 participants age >= 20 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we examined the relationship between soft drink consumption and serum uric acid levels using linear regression. Additionally, we examined the relationship between soft drink consumption and hyperuricemia (serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dl for men and >5.7 mg/dl for women) using logistic regression. Intake was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Results. Serum uric acid levels increased with increasing sugar-sweetened soft drink intake. After adjusting for covariates, serum uric acid levels associated with sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption categories (<0.5, 0.5-0.9, 1-3.9, and >= 4 servings/day) wore greater than those associated with no intake by 0.08, 0.15, 0.33, and 0.42 mg/dl, respectively (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.73; P < 0.001 for trend). The multivariate odds ratios for hyperuricemia according to the corresponding sweetened soft drink consumption levels were 1.01, 1.34, 1.51, and 1.82, respectively (P = 0.003 for trend). Diet soft drink consumption was not associated with serum uric acid levels or hyperuricemia (multivariate P > 0.13 for trend). Conclusion. These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults suggest that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption is associated with serum uric acid levels and frequency of hyperuricemia, but diet soft drink consumption is not. C1 [Choi, Jee Woong J.; Choi, Hyon K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Arthrit Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gao, Xiang; Choi, Hyon K.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Xiang] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Choi, Hyon K.] Vancouver Gen Hosp, Arthritis Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Choi, JWJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Arthrit Res Ctr, 895 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. EM hchoi@partners.org NR 51 TC 149 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1002/art.23245 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 251OR UT WOS:000252383600014 PM 18163396 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Whitney, CG AF Moore, Matthew R. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Emergence of nonvaccine serotypes following introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Cause and effect? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; INVASIVE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; IMPACT; RESISTANCE; EMPYEMA; SPAIN; ERA C1 [Moore, Matthew R.; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.1086/524661 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 249II UT WOS:000252221100005 PM 18171248 ER PT J AU Owens, RC Donskey, CJ Gaynes, RP Loo, VG Muto, CA AF Owens, Robert C., Jr. Donskey, Curtis J. Gaynes, Robert P. Loo, Vivian G. Muto, Carlene A. TI Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; PIPERACILLIN-TAZOBACTAM; FLUOROQUINOLONE USE; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; TOXIN PRODUCTION; EPIDEMIC STRAIN; DISEASE AB Antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), presumably through disruption of indigenous intestinal microflora, thereby allowing C. difficile to grow and produce toxin. Investigations involving animal models and studies performed in vitro suggest that inhibitory activity against C. difficile and differences in the propensity to stimulate toxin production may also influence the likelihood that particular drugs may cause CDI. Although nearly all antimicrobial classes have been associated with CDI, clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and penicillins have traditionally been considered to harbor the greatest risk. Recent studies have also implicated fluoroquinolones as high-risk agents, a finding that is most likely to be related in part to increasing fluoroquinolone resistance among epidemic strains (i.e., restriction-endonuclease analysis group BI/North American PFGE type 1 strains) and some nonepidemic strains of C. difficile. Restrictions in the use of clindamycin and third-generation cephalosporins have been associated with reductions in CDI. Because use of any antimicrobial has the potential to induce the onset of CDI and disease caused by other health care-associated pathogens, antimicrobial stewardship programs that promote judicious use of antimicrobials are encouraged in concert with environmental and infection control-related efforts. C1 [Owens, Robert C., Jr.] Maine Med Ctr, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Owens, Robert C., Jr.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. [Donskey, Curtis J.] Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Gaynes, Robert P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gaynes, Robert P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Loo, Vivian G.] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Muto, Carlene A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Owens, RC (reprint author), Maine Med Ctr, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102 USA. EM audaxpharm@aol.com NR 79 TC 232 Z9 237 U1 6 U2 24 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 1 BP S19 EP S31 DI 10.1086/521859 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 249YU UT WOS:000252268000004 PM 18177218 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. TI Understanding the success of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains causing epidemic disease in the community SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; NECROTIZING PNEUMONIA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; CHILDREN; CLONE; USA300; CANADA; GENES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RGorwitz@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1086/523767 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 251TX UT WOS:000252399200002 PM 18173362 ER PT J AU Trevathan, E AF Trevathan, Edwin TI Epilepsy-associated bone mineral density loss should be prevented SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHITE WOMEN; FRACTURES; RISK C1 [Trevathan, Edwin] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trevathan, Edwin] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat & Dev Neurol, St Louis, MO USA. [Trevathan, Edwin] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Trevathan, Edwin] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Trevathan, E (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-87,1600 Clilfton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 70 IS 3 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000299751.87703.c5 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 253FV UT WOS:000252505000002 PM 18195262 ER PT J AU Moonesinghe, R Khoury, MJ Liu, T Ioannidis, JPA AF Moonesinghe, Ramal Khoury, Muin J. Liu, Tiebin Ioannidis, John P. A. TI Required sample size and nonreplicability thresholds for heterogeneous genetic associations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genome; heterogeneity; metaanalysis; polymorphism ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COMPLEX DISEASES; EMPIRICAL-ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL TESTS; METAANALYSIS; REPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIAS; INCONSISTENCY; VARIANTS AB Many gene-disease associations proposed to date have not been consistently replicated across different populations. Nonreplication often reflects false positives in the original claims. However, occasionally, nonreplication may be due to heterogeneity due to biases or even genuine diversity of the genetic effects in different populations. Here, we propose methods for estimating the required sample size to replicate an association across many studies with different amounts of between-study heterogeneity, when data are summarized through metaanalysis. We demonstrate thresholds of between-study heterogeneity (tau(2)(0)) above which one cannot reach adequate power to replicate a proposed association at a specified level of statistical significance when k studies are performed (regardless of how large these studies are). Based on empirical evidence from 91 proposed gene-disease associations (50 on candidate genes and 41 from genome-wide association efforts), the observed between-study heterogeneity is often close to or even surpasses nonreplicability thresholds. With more modest between-study heterogeneity, the required sample size increases considerably compared with when no between-study heterogeneity exists. Increases are steep as tau(2)(0) is approached. Therefore, some true associations may not be practically possible to replicate with consistency, no matter how large studies are conducted. Efforts should be made to minimize between-study heterogeneity in targeted genetic effects. C1 [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, Ioannina 45110, Greece. [Moonesinghe, Ramal; Khoury, Muin J.; Liu, Tiebin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ioannidis, John P. A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011 NR 47 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705554105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253XO UT WOS:000252551100041 PM 18174335 ER PT J AU Duh, D Nichol, ST Khristova, ML Saksida, A Hafner-Bratkovic, I Petrovec, M Dedushaj, I Ahmeti, S Avsic-Zupanc, T AF Duh, Darja Nichol, Stuart T. Khristova, Marina L. Saksida, Ana Hafner-Bratkovic, Iva Petrovec, Miroslav Dedushaj, Iusuf Ahmeti, Salih Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana TI The complete genome sequence of a Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus isolated from an endemic region in Kosovo SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RNA SEGMENT; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; STRAIN; SKI-1 AB The Balkan region and Kosovo in particular, is a well-known Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) endemic region, with frequent epidemic outbreaks and sporadic cases occurring with a hospitalized case fatality of approximately 30%. Recent analysis of complete genome sequences of diverse CCHF virus strains showed that the genome plasticity of the virus is surprisingly high for an arthropod-borne virus. High levels of nucleotide and amino acid differences, frequent RNA segment reassortment and even RNA recombination have been recently described. This diversity illustrates the need to determine the complete genome sequence of CCHF virus representatives of all geographically distinct endemic areas, particularly in light of the high pathogenicity of the virus and its listing as a potential bioterrorism threat. Here we describe the first complete CCHF virus genome sequence of a virus (strain Kosova Hoti) isolated from a hemorrhagic fever case in the Balkans. This virus strain was isolated from a fatal CCHF case, and passaged only twice on Vero E6 cells prior to sequence analysis. The virus total genome was found to be 19.2 kb in length, consisting of a 1672 nucleotide (nt) S segment, a 5364 nt M segment and a 12150 nt L segment. Phylogenetic analysis of CCHF virus complete genomes placed the Kosova Hoti strain in the Europe/Turkey group, with highest similarity seen with Russian isolates. The virus M segments are the most diverse with up to 31 and 27% differences seen at the nt and amino acid levels, and even 1.9% amino acid difference found between the Kosova Hoti and another strain from Kosovo (9553-01). This suggests that distinct virus strains can coexist in highly endemic areas. C1 [Duh, Darja; Saksida, Ana; Petrovec, Miroslav; Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Nichol, Stuart T.; Khristova, Marina L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch & Biotechnol Core Facili, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hafner-Bratkovic, Iva] Natl Inst Chem, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Dedushaj, Iusuf] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Pristina, Kosovo, Slovenia. [Ahmeti, Salih] Clin Infect Dis, Pristina, Kosovo, Slovenia. RP Avsic-Zupanc, T (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM darja.duh@mf.uni-lj.si; stn1@cdc.gov; mik3@cdc.gov; ana.saksida@mf.uni-lj.si; iva.hafner@ki.si; mirc.petrovec@mf.uni-lj.si; isufdedushaj@hotmail.com; salih_ahmeti@hotmail.com; tatjana.avsic@mf.uni-lj.si NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-7 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 271MU UT WOS:000253793300001 PM 18197964 ER PT J AU Hunter, DJ Khoury, MJ Drazen, JM AF Hunter, David J. Khoury, Muin J. Drazen, Jeffrey M. TI Letting the genome out of the bottle - Will we get our wish? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDICINE C1 [Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hunter, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2715-9890 NR 4 TC 254 Z9 259 U1 3 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 2 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1056/NEJMp0708162 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 249CJ UT WOS:000252204200001 PM 18184955 ER PT J AU Jamoom, EW Horner-Johnson, W Suzuki, R Andresen, EM Campbell, VA AF Jamoom, Eric W. Horner-Johnson, Willi Suzuki, Rie Andresen, Elena M. Campbell, Vincent A. CA RRTC Expert Panel Hlth Status TI Age at disability onset and self-reported health status SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION; CHRONIC ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENTS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES AB Background: The critical importance of improving the well-being of people with disabilities is highlighted in many national health plans. Self-reported health status is reduced both with age and among people with disabilities. Because both factors are related to health status and the influence of the age at disability onset on health status is unclear, we examined the relationship between disability onset and health status. Methods: The U. S. 1998-2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system (BRFSS) provided data on 11,905 adults with disability. Bivariate logistic regression analysis modeled the relationship between age at disability onset (based on self-report of duration of disability) and fair/poor self-perceived health status, adjusting for confounding variables. Results: Key variables included demographics and other measures related to disability and general health status. Disability onset after 21 years of age showed significant association with greater prevalence of fair/poor health compared to early disability onset, even adjusting for current age and other demographic covariates. Compared with younger onset, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) were ages 22-44: OR 1.52, ages 45-64: OR 1.67, and age = 65: OR 1.53. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study provides population-level, generalizable evidence of increased fair or poor health in people with later onset disability compared to those with disability onset prior to the age of 21 years. This finding suggests that examining the general health of people with and those without disabilities might mask differences associated with onset, potentially relating to differences in experience and self-perception. Future research relating to global health status and disability should consider incorporating age at disability onset. In addition, research should examine possible differences in the relationship between age at onset and self-reported health within specific impairment groups. C1 [Jamoom, Eric W.; Andresen, Elena M.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Horner-Johnson, Willi; Suzuki, Rie; RRTC Expert Panel Hlth Status] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, CDRC, RRTC, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Campbell, Vincent A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamoom, EW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jamoom@phhp.ufl.edu; hornerjo@ohsu.edu; suzukir@ohsu.edu; andresen@phhp.ufl.edu; vbc6@cdc.gov OI Horner-Johnson, Willi/0000-0003-3568-1400 FU PHS HHS [H133B040034] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-10 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 266GC UT WOS:000253421500003 PM 18184437 ER PT J AU Njau, JD Goodman, CA Kachur, SP Mulligan, J Munkondya, JS Mchomvu, N Abdulla, S Bloland, P Mills, A AF Njau, Joseph D. Goodman, Catherine A. Kachur, S. Patrick Mulligan, Jo Munkondya, John S. Mchomvu, Naiman Abdulla, Salim Bloland, Peter Mills, Anne TI The costs of introducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: evidence from district-wide implementation in rural Tanzania SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALARIA-TREATMENT POLICY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; AFRICA AB Background: The development of antimalarial drug resistance has led to increasing calls for the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, little evidence is available on the full costs associated with changing national malaria treatment policy. This paper presents findings on the actual drug and non-drug costs associated with deploying ACT in one district in Tanzania, and uses these data to estimate the nationwide costs of implementation in a setting where identification of malaria cases is primarily dependant on clinical diagnosis. Methods: Detailed data were collected over a three year period on the financial costs of providing ACT in Rufiji District as part of a large scale effectiveness evaluation, including costs of drugs, distribution, training, treatment guidelines and other information, education and communication (IEC) materials and publicity. The district-level costs were scaled up to estimate the costs of nationwide implementation, using four scenarios to extrapolate variable costs. Results: The total district costs of implementing ACT over the three year period were slightly over one million USD, with drug purchases accounting for 72.8% of this total. The composite (best) estimate of nationwide costs for the first three years of ACT implementation was 48.3 million USD (1.29 USD per capita), which varied between 21 and 67.1 million USD in the sensitivity analysis (2003 USD). In all estimates drug costs constituted the majority of total costs. However, non-drug costs such as IEC materials, drug distribution, communication, and health worker training were also substantial, accounting for 31.4% of overall ACT implementation costs in the best estimate scenario. Annual implementation costs are equivalent to 9.5% of Tanzania's recurrent health sector budget, and 28.7% of annual expenditure on medical supplies, implying a 6-fold increase in the national budget for malaria treatment. Conclusion: The costs of implementing ACT are substantial. Although drug purchases constituted a majority of total costs, non-drug costs were also considerable. It is clear that substantial external resources will be required to facilitate and sustain effective ACT delivery across Tanzania and other malaria-endemic countries. C1 [Njau, Joseph D.; Munkondya, John S.; Mchomvu, Naiman; Abdulla, Salim] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Goodman, Catherine A.; Mulligan, Jo; Mills, Anne] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Goodman, Catherine A.] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborat Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kachur, S. Patrick; Bloland, Peter] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Njau, JD (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, POB 78373, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM jnjau@ihrdc.or.tz; catherine.goodman@lshtm.ac.uk; skachur@cdc.gov; jo.mulligan@lshtm.ac.uk; jmunkondya@hotmail.com; nmchomvu@yahoo.com; salim.abdulla@gmail.com; pbloland@cdc.gov; anne.mills@lshtm.ac.uk OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-4 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 267TT UT WOS:000253532800002 PM 18179716 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Price, C DeStefano, F AF Thompson, William W. Price, Cris DeStefano, Frank TI Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246TW UT WOS:000252031200028 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Kohl, HW AF Kruger, J. Kohl, H. W., III TI Prevalence of regular physical activity among adults - United States, 2001 and 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1209, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Kruger, J.; Kohl, H. W., III] CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 2 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 247BL UT WOS:000252052000009 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Parekh, S Li, Y Geiss, LS AF Burrows, N. R. Parekh, S. Li, Y. Geiss, L. S. TI Prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular disease among persons aged >= 35 years with diabetes - United States, 1997-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 1129, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TRENDS; TRIAL C1 [Burrows, N. R.; Parekh, S.; Li, Y.; Geiss, L. S.] CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 2 PY 2008 VL 299 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 247BL UT WOS:000252052000010 ER PT S AU Yang, H Sunderraman, R Tian, H AF Yang, Hong Sunderraman, Rajshekhar Tian, Hao GP IEEE Computer Society BE Chen, X Hu, X Kim, S TI bcnQL: A Query Language for Biochemical Network SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICINE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine-BIBM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine CY NOV 03-05, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID DATABASE AB This paper proposes a graph data model that can represent the Biochemical Network. hi the data model, the Node class and extended Node subclasses art, used to represent the Biochemical Entities and Interactions. and the, Edge class is used to describe the relationships between nodes. Furthermore, the Path and Hyper-Path classes are proposed to represent various processes and pathways. The study presented in this paper also proposes a Query Language bcnQL that empowers users to query entities, interactions, processes and pathways with arbitrary conditions. In addition, new graphs can be composed with hyperpaths using supported graph functions. The language employs node formula, edge formula, path formula, hyper-path formula and graph formula to construct a collection of node objects, edge objects, path objects, hyper-path objects and graph objects respectively. Some query examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the language for this specific domain. Finally, we provide a prototype implementation for the query language. C1 [Yang, Hong; Sunderraman, Rajshekhar] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Tian, Hao] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM hyang9@student.gsu.edu; raj@gsu.edu; htian@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2156-1125 BN 978-0-7695-3452-7 J9 IEEE INT C BIOINFORM PY 2008 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/BIBM.2008.41 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJB01 UT WOS:000264284200002 ER PT J AU Louis, RMS Parow, JE Eby, DW Bingham, CR Hockanson, HM Greenspan, AI AF Louis, Renee M. St. Parow, Julie E. Eby, David W. Bingham, C. Raymond Hockanson, Heather M. Greenspan, Arlene I. TI Evaluation of community-based programs to increase booster seat use SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE booster seats; occupant protection; direct observation; children; process evaluation ID SAFETY BELT USE; MICHIGAN; CHILDREN AB This manuscript reports the results of an evaluation of two community-based booster seat promotion programs in Michigan; one program focused on a low-income community, while the other focused on a Hispanic community. Each community received funding to develop and implement a booster seat intervention program specific to their community. To determine the effectiveness of each program, direct observation surveys of booster seat use were conducted in each community, as well as in similarly composed comparison communities, before and after program implementation. A process evaluation documented activities and provided additional information for interpreting the results of the direct observation survey. Target age children (4-8 years) were observed traveling in cars, vans/minivans, sport-utility vehicles, and pickup trucks in each community. Baseline booster seat use was 19.0 +/- 5.3% and 9.7 +/- 2.5% for the low-income and Hispanic program communities, respectively. Post program results showed no significant change for the low-income program community, and a significant increase within the Hispanic program community. The process evaluation revealed challenges for each program and suggestions to overcome those challenges. Findings from the study can be useful to other communities interested in implementing programs to increase the use of booster seats. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Louis, Renee M. St.; Parow, Julie E.; Eby, David W.; Bingham, C. Raymond] Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Social Behav Anal Div, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hockanson, Heather M.] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. [Greenspan, Arlene I.] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Louis, RMS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Social Behav Anal Div, 2901 Baxter Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rstloui@umich.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2007.06.004 PG 8 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 265GG UT WOS:000253346500036 ER PT B AU Blumberg, SJ Luke, JV Cynamon, ML Frankel, MR AF Blumberg, Stephen J. Luke, Julian V. Cynamon, Marcie L. Frankel, Martin R. BA Lepkowski, JM Tucker, C Brick, JM DeLeeuw, E Japec, L Lavrakas, PJ Link, MW Sangster, RL BF Lepkowski, JM Tucker, C Brick, JM DeLeeuw, E Japec, L Lavrakas, PJ Link, MW Sangster, RL TI Recent Trends in Household Telephone Coverage in the United States SO ADVANCES IN TELEPHONE SURVEY METHODOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Telephone Survey Methodology CY JAN 11-16, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Survey Res Methods Sect, Amer Assoc Publ Opin Res (AAPOR), Mkt Res Assoc (MRA), Council Amer Survey Res Org (CASRO), Int Assoc Survey Statisticians (IASS) C1 [Blumberg, Stephen J.; Luke, Julian V.; Cynamon, Marcie L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frankel, Martin R.] CUNY, Baruch Coll, New York, NY USA. [Frankel, Martin R.] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17340-4; 978-0-471-74531-0 PY 2008 BP 56 EP 86 PG 31 WC Communication SC Communication GA BFT40 UT WOS:000321244800003 ER PT B AU Kelly, J Link, MW Petty, J Hobson, K Cagney, P AF Kelly, Jenny Link, Michael W. Petty, Judi Hobson, Kate Cagney, Patrick BA Lepkowski, JM Tucker, C Brick, JM DeLeeuw, E Japec, L Lavrakas, PJ Link, MW Sangster, RL BF Lepkowski, JM Tucker, C Brick, JM DeLeeuw, E Japec, L Lavrakas, PJ Link, MW Sangster, RL TI Establishing a New Survey Research Call Center SO ADVANCES IN TELEPHONE SURVEY METHODOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Telephone Survey Methodology CY JAN 11-16, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Survey Res Methods Sect, Amer Assoc Publ Opin Res (AAPOR), Mkt Res Assoc (MRA), Council Amer Survey Res Org (CASRO), Int Assoc Survey Statisticians (IASS) C1 [Kelly, Jenny; Petty, Judi; Hobson, Kate; Cagney, Patrick] Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Link, Michael W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17340-4; 978-0-471-74531-0 PY 2008 BP 317 EP 339 PG 23 WC Communication SC Communication GA BFT40 UT WOS:000321244800015 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Scherr, PA McCann, JJ Bienias, JL Evans, DA AF Hebert, Liesi E. Scherr, Paul A. McCann, Judy J. Bienias, Julia L. Evans, Denis A. TI Change in direct measures of physical performance among persons with Alzheimer's disease SO AGING & MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; physical performance; longitudinal study ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OLDER POPULATION; DISABILITY; DEMENTIA; MODELS; BATTERY; MILD AB Objectives: Measures of physical performance were used in intact and community populations. We examined upper and lower extremity physical performance tests among people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: A total of 367 persons with probable Alzheimer's disease, recruited from an Alzheimer's disease diagnostic center, were given three tests of lower extremity function and two tests of upper extremity function at 6 month intervals for up to 4 years. Gender, race, age and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at baseline were used to predict subsequent decline in composite scores of lower and upper extremity function. Results: At baseline, older age and lower MMSE scores were associated with lower scores on both lower and upper extremity function. Males performed better at baseline on lower extremity tests only. For each point higher on MMSE, a person declined 0.023 Standard Unit (SU) less per year (p = 0.0001) on lower extremity tests and declined 0.019 SU less per year (p 0.0001) on upper extremity tests. Conclusion: Physical performance was measured across a range of disease severities and declined over time. Lower cognitive score at baseline predicted faster decline in both lower and upper extremity function. Demographic heterogeneity in decline suggests other predictors may identify factors protective against physical decline. C1 [Hebert, Liesi E.; McCann, Judy J.; Bienias, Julia L.; Evans, Denis A.] Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Evans, Denis A.] Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Scherr, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hebert, LE (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Liesi_Hebert@rush.edu FU National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health [R01 AG09966, R01 AG10315] FX The authors thank Dr. David Gilley for his contribution to a previous version of the paper in the conceptualization and interpretation of the issues. We thank the study participants for their commitment to this research project and for the gift of their time. We also thank the research, data management, and programming staff who assisted with data collection, management, and analysis. This study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (R01 AG09966 and R01 AG10315). NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1360-7863 J9 AGING MENT HEALTH JI Aging Ment. Health PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 729 EP 734 AR PII 905699918 DI 10.1080/13607860802154390 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 375DO UT WOS:000261094000006 PM 19023724 ER PT J AU Herbst, JH Jacobs, ED Finlayson, TJ McKleroy, VS Neumann, MS Crepaz, N AF Herbst, Jeffrey H. Jacobs, Elizabeth D. Finlayson, Teresa J. McKleroy, Vel S. Neumann, Mary Spink Crepaz, Nicole TI Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the united states: A systematic review SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE transgender persons; male-to-female; female-to-male; HIV prevalence; HIV risk behaviors ID TRANSSEXUAL SEX WORKERS; TO-FEMALE TRANSGENDERS; SAN-FRANCISCO; NEEDS-ASSESSMENT; SUBSTANCE USE; PREVENTION; HEALTH; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS AB Transgender populations in the United States have been impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This systematic review estimates the prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors of transgender persons. Comprehensive searches of the US-based HIV behavioral prevention literature identified 29 studies focusing on male-to-female (MTF) transgender women; five of these studies also reported data on female-to-male (FTM) transgender men. Using meta-analytic approaches, prevalence rates were estimated by synthesizing weighted means. Meta-analytic findings indicated that 27.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.8-30.6%) of MTFs tested positive for HIV infection (four studies), while 11.8% (95% CI, 10.5-13.2%) of MTFs self-reported being HIV-seropositive (18 studies). Higher HIV infection rates were found among African-American MTFs regardless of assessment method (56.3% test result; 30.8% self-report). Large percentages of MTFs (range, 27-48%) reported engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., unprotected receptive anal intercourse, multiple casual partners, sex work). Prevalence rates of HIV and risk behaviors were low among FTMs. Contextual factors potentially related to increased HIV risk include mental health concerns, physical abuse, social isolation, economic marginalization, and unmet transgender-specific healthcare needs. Additional research is needed to explain the causes of HIV risk behavior of transgender persons. These findings should be considered when developing and adapting prevention interventions for transgender populations. C1 [Herbst, Jeffrey H.; Jacobs, Elizabeth D.; McKleroy, Vel S.; Neumann, Mary Spink; Crepaz, Nicole] Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Finlayson, Teresa J.] Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herbst, JH (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jherbst@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 240 Z9 242 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9299-3 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 254BZ UT WOS:000252562700001 PM 17694429 ER PT J AU Seal, DW Margolis, AD Morrow, KM Belcher, L Sosman, J Askew, J AF Seal, David Wyatt Margolis, Andrew D. Morrow, Kathleen M. Belcher, Lisa Sosman, James Askew, John CA Project START Substudy Grp TI Substance use and sexual behavior during incarceration among 18-to 29-year old men: Prevalence and correlates SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE lncarcerated men; sexual behavior; substance use; HIV; STI; hepatitis prevention ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; RICAN DRUG INJECTORS; YOUNG MEN; NEW-YORK; PUERTO-RICO; PRISON; PREVENTION; INMATES; HEALTH; TRANSMISSION AB An A-CASI survey of 197 men with a history of incarceration, ages 18-29, revealed that 50% and 17% of participants, respectively, had used substances or had sex while confined. Univariate regression analyses indicated that these two behaviors were correlated and both were associated with being older, having spent more years incarcerated, being sexual abused, and being involved with gangs and violence during incarceration. Multiple regression analyses showed that the likelihood of any substance use during incarceration was higher for men who were affiliated with a gang. Men were more likely to have had sex during incarceration if they reported having had a male sex partner in the community. The prevalence of sexual behavior also differed across sites. Findings document the occurrence of substance use and sexual behavior among incarcerated men, and highlight the need for continued research into the context of these behaviors. C1 [Seal, David Wyatt] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. [Margolis, Andrew D.; Belcher, Lisa] Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Morrow, Kathleen M.] Miriam Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. [Sosman, James] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. [Askew, John] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. RP Seal, DW (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, 201 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. EM dseal@mcw.edu RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU PHS HHS [CCU514804, CCU414879, CCU114812] NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9217-8 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 254BZ UT WOS:000252562700003 PM 17345144 ER PT J AU Jones, KT Johnson, WD Wheeler, DP Gray, P Foust, E Gaiter, J AF Jones, Kenneth T. Johnson, Wayne D. Wheeler, Darrell P. Gray, Phyllis Foust, Evelyn Gaiter, Juarlyn CA N Carolina Men's Hlth Initiative S TI Nonsupportive peer norms and incarceration as HIV risk correlates for young black men who have sex with men SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; African American; homosexuality; norms; discrimination; racism ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; FACE-TO-FACE; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION; LOS-ANGELES; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY AB Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are at considerable risk for HIV infection. A convenience sample of BMSM (n = 252) attending nightclubs in three North Carolina cities was surveyed to investigate factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). About 45% reported UAI in the past 2 months. BMSM who strongly agreed that their male friends used condoms for anal sex were significantly less likely to report any UAI. Recently incarcerated men were significantly more likely to report unprotected insertive anal sex. In secondary analyses, men who reported experiencing discrimination based on their race and nongay identified men reported more favorable peer norms for condom use. Men who reported that their family disapproved of their being gay were more likely to have been incarcerated in the past 2 months. HIV prevention for BMSM must promote supportive peer norms for condom use and address incarceration, racial discrimination, and family disapproval. C1 [Jones, Kenneth T.; Johnson, Wayne D.; Gaiter, Juarlyn] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wheeler, Darrell P.] CUNY, CUNY Hunter Coll, Sch Social Work, New York, NY USA. [Gray, Phyllis; Foust, Evelyn] Div Publ Hlth, N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Jones, KT (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kjones4@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU423507-02] NR 78 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9228-5 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 254BZ UT WOS:000252562700004 PM 17436075 ER PT J AU Sumartojo, E Lyles, C Choi, K Clark, L Collins, C Grey, CG Lin, LS Peterson, JL Remafedi, G AF Sumartojo, E. Lyles, C. Choi, K. Clark, L. Collins, C. Grey, C. Guenther Lin, L. S. Peterson, J. L. Remafedi, G. CA City Study Team TI Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing in a multi-site sample of young men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-ISLANDER MEN; AIDS BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS; BISEXUAL YOUTH; RISK-FACTORS; US CITIES; GAY MEN; PREVENTION; PREDICTORS; LEVEL; INTERVENTION AB This study assessed HIV testing among 2,621 urban young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Of these, 77% were men of colour, 30% reported recent unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), 22% had never tested for HIV and 71% had not tested recently. Ever testing was associated with older age (OR = 1.28), being employed (OR = 1.34), exposure to more types of HIV preventions (linear trend p = 0.02), sex with a main partner (OR = 1.92), sex with a non-main partner (OR = 1.36), UAI with a non-main partner (OR = 0.53), UAI in the last three months (OR = 1.32), knowing a comfortable place for testing (OR = 5.44) and social support (OR = 1.47). Rates of ever testing increased with behavioural risk with main partners, rates were lowest for men reporting high-risk with non-main partners. Recent testing was associated with greater numbers of HIV-prevention exposures (linear trend p= < 0.001), sex with a main partner (OR= 1.30), knowing a comfortable place for testing (OR= 2.31) and social support (OR= 1.23). Findings underscore the urgency of promoting testing among YMSM, point to components for the recruitment and retention of young MSM of colour in testing programmes and highlight the need for a theory-based approach to intervention development. C1 [Sumartojo, E.; Lyles, C.; Grey, C. Guenther; Lin, L. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Choi, K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. [Clark, L.] Univ So Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, CHOIR Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Clark, L.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Res Children Youth & Families, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Collins, C.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Peterson, J. L.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Remafedi, G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Youth & AIDS Project, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Sumartojo, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop e-87,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ems2@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JAN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1080/09540120701450425 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 253IK UT WOS:000252511700001 PM 18278609 ER PT J AU Hirshfield, S Wolitski, RJ Chiasson, A Remien, RH Humberstone, M Wong, T AF Hirshfield, S. Wolitski, R. J. Chiasson, A. Remien, R. H. Humberstone, M. Wong, T. TI Screening for depressive symptoms in an online sample of men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE depression; screening; men who have sex with men; Internet; HIV ID SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEALTH; RISK; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; DYSFUNCTION; BEHAVIORS; PARTNERS AB Depression is a debilitating disorder and relatively high rates have been reported in studies of men who have sex with men (MSM). This study was undertaken to assess the utility of screening for, and characteristics associated with, depressive symptoms in an online survey of MSM. In 2003-2004, an online cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,964 MSM from the US and Canada. Using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), 18% of the study participants screened positive for depressive symptoms within the past three months. Characteristics associated with a positive PHQ-2 screen for depressive symptoms in multivariate analysis included: having less than a high school or college degree; being single (not having a primary male partner) or being married to a woman; being HIV-positive; and not having recent sex. Additionally, among men who screened positive on the PHQ-2, predictors of not having treatment from a mental health provider in the past year were: low education; being black/African American/Canadian or Hispanic; and having no primary care provider. The Internet is a viable medium to reach and screen men at-risk for depression. Future work is needed for online outreach and connection to offline assessment as well as intervention. C1 [Hirshfield, S.; Chiasson, A.; Humberstone, M.] Publ Hlth Solut, New York, NY USA. [Wolitski, R. J.] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Remien, R. H.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Remien, R. H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Wong, T.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Hirshfield, S (reprint author), Publ Hlth Solut, New York, NY USA. EM shirshfield@healthsolutions.org FU NIDA NIH HHS [R03 DA018725-01, R03 DA018725]; NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520, P30 MH043520-209014] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.1080/09540120701796892 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 345DZ UT WOS:000258977600003 PM 18720088 ER PT J AU Soriano, V Heneine, W Vandamme, AM Franchini, G AF Soriano, Vincent Heneine, Walid Vandamme, Anne-Mieke Franchini, Genoveffa TI Foreword SO AIDS REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Soriano, Vincent] Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Heneine, Walid] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vandamme, Anne-Mieke] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Franchini, Genoveffa] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Soriano, V (reprint author), Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; santos, sofia/I-1637-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERMANYER PUBL PI BARCELONA PA MALLORCA, 310, BARCELONA, 00000, SPAIN SN 1139-6121 J9 AIDS REV JI Aids Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 287PT UT WOS:000254929700001 ER PT J AU Beezhold, DH Green, BJ Blachere, FM Schmechel, D Weissman, DN Velickoff, D Hogan, MBT Wilson, NW AF Beezhold, Donald H. Green, Brett J. Blachere, Francoise M. Schmechel, Detlef Weissman, David N. Velickoff, Deborah Hogan, Mary Beth Wilson, Nevin W. TI Prevalence of allergic sensitization to indoor fungi in West Virginia SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE allergic rhinitis; allergy; asthma; fungal allergens; IgE; indoor air; mold; mold spore; skin test; Paecilomyces; Stachybotrys ID ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; AEROALLERGEN; MOLDS AB Exposure to indoor fungi is of growing concern in residential and occupational environments in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization to common indoor fungal species in an atopic population. We evaluated 102 patients (73 female and 29 male patients)for immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity to a panel of skin-prick test (SPT) reagents used for routine allergy testing. Patients also were tested for six additional fungi that are common indoor contaminants. All patients had symptoms consistent with allergic rhinitis or asthma. The presence of specific IgE against the fungal species was determined using immunoblotting. Of the 102 eligible patients, 68% had at least one positive skin test. The most prevalent positive SPTs were to dust mites, cats, vernal grass, and short ragweed. Overall, 21/102 (21%) patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis were skin test positive to at least one fungal extract. Of the patients with a positive SPT to fungi, 12/21 (58%) showed sensitivity to one or more of the newly tested species; most notably Trichoderma viride (8%), Chaetomium globosum (7%), Paecilomyces variotii (7%), and Acremonium strictum (6%). Immunoblotting revealed specific IgE against a number of protein bands belonging to these fungal species. The prevalence of fungal sensitization was common, particularly for indoor fungal contaminants that are not routinely included in SPT panels. Cross-reactivity with other fungi may partially explain our results; however, skin testing for these indoor fungi may provide useful diagnostic information, C1 [Beezhold, Donald H.; Green, Brett J.; Blachere, Francoise M.; Schmechel, Detlef] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Weissman, David N.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Velickoff, Deborah; Hogan, Mary Beth; Wilson, Nevin W.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Beezhold, DH (reprint author), NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willodale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM DBeezhold@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.2500/aap2008.29.3076 PG 6 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 264XJ UT WOS:000253323400005 PM 18302835 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Pinkerton, LE AF Steenland, Kyle Pinkerton, Lynne E. TI Mortality patterns following downsizing at Pan American World Airways SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE healthy worker effect; heart diseases; mortality; personnel downsizing; unemployment ID EMPLOYMENT STATUS; JOB LOSS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEALTH; UNEMPLOYMENT; WORKERS; CLOSURE; IMPACT; RATES AB There are only a small number of studies on the health effects of involuntary unemployment (e.g., downsizing), and results are contradictory. The authors studied the mortality through 2002 of 13,370 Pan American World Airways employees who were born before 1940 and whose records were available after the company's bankruptcy in 1991. The cohort was divided into those who left work voluntarily (55%), involuntarily (39%), and because of illness (6%). The mean year of first employment was 1963, the mean year of last employment was 1987, and the mean age at leaving the company was 55 years. Of those who left involuntarily, 56% left at the time of bankruptcy in December 1991 or later. Twenty-two percent of the cohort died during follow-up, which began at the time of leaving the company. Standardized mortality ratios relative to the US population for all causes for those who left voluntarily, involuntarily, and because of illness were 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 0.76), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.74), and 2.40 (95% CI: 2.22, 2.60), respectively. Ischemic heart disease mortality showed a similar pattern. Internal analyses comparing involuntary to voluntary leavers after adjusting for age, race, sex, calendar time, and education yielded all-cause and ischemic heart disease rate ratios of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.07) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.35), respectively. Subanalyses of those who left involuntarily at age >= 60 years, or those who left involuntarily at the time of bankruptcy, did not indicate any excess mortality (all-cause standardized mortality ratios = 0.69 and 0.64, respectively). These data do not indicate that mortality among those who left involuntarily was higher than for those who left voluntarily. Both groups showed a strong healthy worker effect. C1 [Steenland, Kyle] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pinkerton, Lynne E.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM nsteenl@sph.emory.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm328 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244KF UT WOS:000251864100001 PM 18006901 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Zybert, PA Mckeague, IW Lumey, LH AF Kahn, Henry S. Graff, Mariaelisa Stein, Aryeh D. Zybert, Patricia A. Mckeague, Ian W. Lumey, L. H. TI A fingerprint characteristic associated with the early prenatal environment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIDGE-COUNT; DERMATOGLYPHICS; PATTERNS; INDEX; TWINS AB Fingerprints and fingertip ridge counts (RCs) have a significant genetic component. However, they also reflect the nongenetic environment of early pregnancy, an important time window for tissue differentiation and organogenesis. Fingerprints are permanently configured before the 20th week of gestation, and each fingertip's RC is related to the growth and regression of its early fetal volar pads. Rostral and caudal aspects of the embryonic limb bud have different relations to somite segments and to morphogen-activator functions. We hypothesized, therefore, that early fetal circumstances would be associated with a contrast in RCs between the thumb (digit 1) and little finger (digit 5). We obtained RCs from the fingerprints of a sample of 658 Dutch adults identified through prenatal and delivery records of Dutch urban births occurring during 1943-1947, an historical era that included months of wartime disruption with a winter famine. We calculated the mean of left- and right-hand RC differences between digits 1 and 5 (Md15). The Md15 fluctuated in relation to the calendar season of the mother's last menstrual period, but only if the gestation occurred outside of the wartime disruption interval. If the gestation occurred during the disruption interval, the Md15 seasonal fluctuation was not evident. This finding suggests that parental environmental factors may influence the fingerprints of the offspring. Fingerprint RC differences observed in postnatal life may be useful in the study of metabolic or anatomic programming related to the early prenatal environment. C1 [Kahn, Henry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Graff, Mariaelisa] Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Stein, Aryeh D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zybert, Patricia A.; Mckeague, Ian W.; Lumey, L. H.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL067914] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1002/ajhb.20672 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 242FK UT WOS:000251709700008 PM 17929242 ER PT J AU Kritchevsky, SB Braun, BI Kusek, L Wong, ES Solomon, SL Parry, MF Richards, CL Simmons, B AF Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Braun, Barbara I. Kusek, Linda Wong, Edward S. Solomon, Steven L. Parry, Michael F. Richards, Cheryl L. Simmons, Bryan CA Evaluation Processes Indicators In TI The impact of hospital practice on central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates at the patient and unit level: A Multicenter study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY LA English DT Article DE infection rates; quality indicators; outcome assessment ID CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETERS; INTENSIVE-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; OUTCOMES; INDICATORS; PREVENTION; DISEASE; NNIS AB Objective: Little is known about factors driving variation in bloodstream infection (BSI) rates between institutions. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify patient, process of care, and hospital factors that influence intensive care unit (ICU)-level BSI rates and (2) compare those factors to individual risk factors identified in a cohort analysis. Design: In this multicenter prospective observational study, the authors measured the process of care for 2970 randomly sampled central venous catheter insertions over 13 months. Setting: Medical, surgical, and medical/surgical ICUs of 37 domestic and 13 international hospitals. Results: Significant correlates of unit-level BSI rates were percentage of female patients, patients on dialysis, ICU bed size, percentage of practitioners with low numbers of previous insertions, and percentage inserted by nurses. Patient-level analysis identified gender, age, posttransplant, postsurgery, and use of the line for parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: Factors that influence unit-to-unit variation may differ from factors identified in studies of individual patient risk. C1 [Braun, Barbara I.; Kusek, Linda; Richards, Cheryl L.] Joint Commiss, Div Res, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. [Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. [Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] J Paul Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Wong, Edward S.] McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Richmond, VA USA. [Wong, Edward S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Solomon, Steven L.] Coordinat Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parry, Michael F.] Stamford Hosp, Dept Med, Stamford, CT USA. [Parry, Michael F.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Simmons, Bryan] Methodist Hlth Syst, Memphis, TN USA. RP Braun, BI (reprint author), Joint Commiss, Div Res, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, 1 Renaissance Blvd, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. EM bbraun@jointcommission.org OI Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1062-8606 J9 AM J MED QUAL JI Am. J. Med. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 24 EP 38 DI 10.1177/1062860607310918 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 251ON UT WOS:000252383200004 PM 18187588 ER PT J AU Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Jamieson, DJ Morrow, B Podgornik, MN Brett, KM Marchbanks, PA AF Whiteman, Maura K. Hillis, Susan D. Jamieson, Denise J. Morrow, Brian Podgornik, Michelle N. Brett, Kate M. Marchbanks, Polly A. TI Inpatient hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 2000-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hysterectomy; population surveillance; United States ID OUTCOMES; RATES; TIME AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine recent trends in hysterectomy rates and indications in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Data on hysterectomy hospitalizations during 2000-2004 were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, an annual nationally representative survey of inpatient hospitalization records. RESULTS: The hysterectomy rate decreased slightly from 5.4 per 1000 in 2000 to 5.1 per 1000 in 2004 (P for trend < .05). The proportion of hysterectomies performed for uterine leiomyoma decreased from 44.2% in 2000 to 38.7% in 2004 (P for trend < .01). Concomitant bilateral oophorectomy accompanied 54% of hysterectomies; this proportion declined from 55.1% in 2000 to 49.5% in 2004 (P for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Continued monitoring is needed to determine whether the observed trends persist and to evaluate impact on women's health. In the future, information on both inpatient and outpatient procedures may be important for hysterectomy surveillance. C1 [Whiteman, Maura K.; Hillis, Susan D.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Morrow, Brian; Marchbanks, Polly A.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Podgornik, Michelle N.; Brett, Kate M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Podgornik, Michelle N.; Brett, Kate M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 198 IS 1 AR 34.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.05.039 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 249YY UT WOS:000252268400008 PM 17981254 ER PT J AU Albalak, R AF Albalak, R. TI From biological anthropology to applied public health: epidemiological approaches to the study of human disease. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Albalak, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000008 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Simon, TR Hertz, MF Arias, I Bossarte, RN Ross, JG Gross, LA Iachan, R Hamburger, ME AF Swahn, Monica H. Simon, Thomas R. Hertz, Marci F. Arias, Ileana Bossarte, Robert N. Ross, James G. Gross, Lori A. Iachan, Ronaldo Hamburger, Merle E. TI Linking dating violence, peer violence, and suicidal behaviors among high-risk youth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; LONGITUDINAL PREDICTORS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; GENDER DIFFERENCES; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; VICTIMIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; ABUSE; PERPETRATION; AGGRESSION AB Background: Gaps in the understanding of how different types of violent behavior are linked have limited the ability to design violence prevention efforts that can address multiple types of violence. The objective of this study was to quantify the associations among suicide attempts, and date and peer violence victimization and perpetration and to determine any differences in these associations by gender. Methods: Analyses, computed in 2006 and 2007, used data from the Youth Violence Survey conducted in 2004. This survey was administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N=4131) in a high-risk, urban school district. Analyses were restricted to adolescents who dated in the past year (n=2888). Five forms of violent behaviors (i.e., dating violence perpetration, dating violence victimization, peer violence perpetration, peer violence victimization, and suicide attempts) were examined. Results: Peer violence victimization was the most common type of violence reported (33.0%), followed by date violence victimization (30.7%), peer violence perpetration (29.9%), date violence perpetration (24.8%), and suicide attempts (11.2%). Among all students, 9.8% reported involvement in at least four of the five violent behaviors examined. All five forms of violent behaviors were associated. The highest ORs were observed for victimization and perpetration within either the dating or peer context. However, associations across contexts were also observed. Conclusions: There is a substantial overlap among different forms of violent behavior, suggesting that additional research is needed to better understand the factors that contribute to involvement in multiple forms of violence. C1 [Swahn, Monica H.; Simon, Thomas R.; Hertz, Marci F.; Arias, Ileana; Bossarte, Robert N.; Hamburger, Merle E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ross, James G.; Gross, Lori A.; Iachan, Ronaldo] ORC Macro, Calverton, MD USA. [Swahn, Monica H.] CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Inst Publ Hlth & Partnership Urban Hlth Res, POB 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM MSwahn@gsu.edu RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 31 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.020 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 246BY UT WOS:000251983700005 PM 18083448 ER PT J AU Nuorti, JP Martin, SW Smith, PJ Moran, JS Schwartz, B AF Nuorti, J. Pekka Martin, Stacey W. Smith, Philip J. Moran, John S. Schwartz, Benjamin TI Uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among children in the 1998-2002 United States birth cohorts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases CY APR 02-06, 2006 CL Alice Springs, AUSTRALIA SP US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Provent ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; OTITIS-MEDIA; DISEASE; IMPACT; SURVEILLANCE; AGE; RECOMMENDATIONS; DISPARITIES; TIMELINESS AB Background: Routine childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7s) began in 2000 in the United States. Despite vaccine shortages, reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease occurred rapidly during 2000-2002. Age-appropriate PCV7 coverage was estimated and characteristics associated with undervaccination were identified for children in the 1998-2002 birth cohorts. Methods: Data were analyzed for 85,135 children aged 19-35 months in the 2001-2004 National Immunization Surveys. To obtain PCV7 coverage estimates by birth cohorts, a pooled analysis was conducted by combining individual survey years that sampled children with appropriate birth dates. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with age-appropriate vaccination. Results: The proportion of children receiving the primary 3-dose PCV7 series by age 12 months increased from 45.5% (+/- 0.6) among children born in 2000 to 62.1% (+/- 0.7) among those born in 2002. By age 24 months, an estimated 30.7% (+/- 0.6), 38.0% (+/- 0.6), and 49.0% +/- 1.1) of children born in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively, had received all four PCV7 doses; however, only 15.0% (+/- 0.4), 16.1% (+/- 0.4) and 24.4% (+/- 0.6) of children were age-appropriately immunized. Among children born in 1998 and 1999, 10.1% +/- 0.5) and 37.6% (+/--0.7), respectively, received one or more catch-up doses during their second year of life. Lower age-appropriate PCV7 coverage was independently associated with black race, Hispanic ethnicity, receiving vaccinations from public health providers, and low household income. Conclusions: The dramatic reductions in pneumococcal-related diseases from direct and indirect vaccine effects occurred when few children had received the recommended complete vaccine schedule, and there were substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in coverage. C1 [Nuorti, J. Pekka; Martin, Stacey W.; Smith, Philip J.; Moran, John S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schwartz, Benjamin] Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nuorti, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pnuorti@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 246BY UT WOS:000251983700007 PM 18083450 ER PT J AU Canales, MK Breslau, ES Nelson, DE Ballard-Barbash, RR AF Canales, Mary K. Breslau, Erica S. Nelson, David E. Ballard-Barbash, Rachel R. TI Did news reporters get it right? Translation of the 2002 hormone study findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PRESS RELEASES; MEDIA; BENEFITS; COVERAGE; STORIES; RISKS AB Background: The news media play a critical role in communicating health information to the public. The unexpected findings in July 2002 about increased health risks associated with hormone therapy provided an opportunity to examine the process of translating scientific findings to reporters through communication intermediaries and appraise subsequent reporting in newspapers in the United States. Methods: Using qualitative research software, a qualitative analysis was conducted in 2006 to consider four types of messages: (1) hormone therapy health risks outweighed benefits (balance); (2) adverse hormone therapy health outcomes (health risk); (3) positive hormone therapy health outcomes (benefit); and (4) risk level (magnitude). The print materials analyzed included the original 2002 Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) article and editorial; JAMA and National Institutes of Health (NIH) press releases; the NIH press conference transcript; and 198 articles about hormone therapy in 22 U.S. newspapers published from July to September 2002. Results: The major study finding that hormone therapy risks outweighed benefits was reported consistently and accurately. Analyses of language and numbers on risk magnitude, and its interpretation revealed some variability, both within the translation materials and news stories. When risk numbers were included in newspaper stories, absolute risk was used more often than relative risk. Conclusions: Despite much criticism of journalists' coverage of health issues, U.S. newspaper reporting about hormone therapy in 2002 was generally consistent. Several translational and communication strategies used with hormone therapy may be applicable to other efforts that involve working with reporters on major health stories or events. An important process oversight was the absence of hormone therapy communication efforts and guidance directed specifically to medical practitioners. C1 [Canales, Mary K.] Canc Educ Grants Dept, Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nat, Bemidji, MN USA. [Breslau, Erica S.] NCI, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ballard-Barbash, Rachel R.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nelson, David E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Canales, MK (reprint author), 215 Pine Grove St SW, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. EM mkcanales@charter.net NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.023 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 246BY UT WOS:000251983700009 PM 18083452 ER PT J AU Husten, CG AF Husten, Corinne G. TI Keeping the point-of-sale environment at the forefront - Husten responds SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID STORES; YOUTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Husten, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cch5@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.124412 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 248TJ UT WOS:000252178200004 ER PT J AU Abe, K Mertz, KJ Powell, KE Hanzlick, RL AF Abe, Karon Mertz, Kristen J. Powell, Kenneth E. Hanzlick, Randy L. TI Characteristics of Black and White suicide decedents in Fulton County, Georgia, 1988-2002 (Reprinted from Am J Public Health, vol 96, pg 1794-1798, 2006) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Reprint ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN SUICIDE; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; YOUTH SUICIDE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; GENDER; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS AB Objectives. We compared the prevalence of risk factors for Black and White suicide decedents in Fulton County, Georgia, from 1988-2002. Methods. We used data from the Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office to compile information on suicides that occurred in Fulton County between 1988 and 2002. We used the X2 test and logistic regression to identify associations between suicide risk factors and race. Results. Black suicide decedents were more likely than White suicide decedents to be male (odds ratio [OR]=2.06; 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.38, 3.09), to be younger, (! 24 y [OR = 4.74; 95% Cl = 2.88, 7.811; 25-34 y [OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.74, 4.471; 35-44 y [OR = 1.86; 95% Cl = 1. 13, 3.071), and to hurt others in a suicide (OR = 4.22; 95% Cl = 1.60, 11.15) but less likely to report depression (OR = 0.63; 95% Cl = 0.413, 0.83), to have a family history of suicide (OR =0.08; 95% C1 = 0.01, 0.61), or to le3ve a suicide note (OR = 0.37; 95% C1 = 0.26, 0.52). Conclusions. Future research should consider that Black suicide decedents are less likely to report depression than White suicide decedents. This suicide risk difference is important when developing effective suicide prevention programs. C1 [Abe, Karon; Mertz, Kristen J.; Powell, Kenneth E.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hanzlick, Randy L.] Fulton Cty Med Examiners Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abe, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kabe@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2008 VL 98 SU 1 BP S132 EP S136 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.082131 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 338AH UT WOS:000258476600032 PM 18687597 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Umbach, DM London, SJ Henneberger, PK Kullman, GJ Alavanja, MCR Sandler, DP AF Hoppin, Jane A. Umbach, David M. London, Stephanie J. Henneberger, Paul K. Kullman, Greg J. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Sandler, Dale P. TI Pesticides and atopic and nonatopic asthma among farm women in the agricultural health study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE agricultural workers; allergy; asthma; organophosphates; pesticides ID AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; RISK-FACTORS; INSECTICIDE; APPLICATORS; EXPOSURE; WHEEZE; EXPRESSION; CHLORPYRIFOS; ACTIVATION AB Rationale: Risk factors for asthma among farm women are understudied. Objectives: We evaluated pesticide and other occupational exposures as risk factors for adult-onset asthma. Methods: Studying 25,814 farm women in the Agricultural Health Study, we used self-reported history of doctor-diagnosed asthma with or without eczema and/or hay fever to create two case groups: patients with atopic asthma and those with nonatopic asthma. We assessed disease-exposure associations with polytomous logistic regression. Measurements and Main Results: At enrollment (1993-1997), 702 women (2.7%) reported a doctor's diagnosis of asthma after age 19 years (282 atopic, 420 nonatopic). Growing upon a farm (61% of all farm women) was protective for atopic asthma (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.70) and, to a lesser extent, for nonatopic asthma (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.68-1.02; P value for difference = 0.008). Pesticide use was almost exclusively associated with atopic asthma. Any use of pesticides on the farm was associated only with atopic asthma (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14-1.87). This association with pesticides was strongest among women who had grown up on a farm. Women who grew up on farms and did not apply pesticides had the lowest overall risk of atopic asthma (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27-0.62) compared with women who neither grew upon farms nor applied pesticides. A total of 7 of 16 insecticides, 2 of 11 herbicides, and 1 of 4 fungicides were significantly associated with atopic asthma; only permethrin use on crops was associated with nonatopic asthma. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pesticides may contribute to atopic asthma, but not nonatopic asthma, among farm women. C1 [Hoppin, Jane A.; London, Stephanie J.; Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Umbach, David M.] NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Henneberger, Paul K.; Kullman, Greg J.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. [Alavanja, Michael C. R.] NCI, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1164/rccm.200706-821OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 246BN UT WOS:000251982600004 PM 17932376 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Won, K Wilson, M Schantz, PM AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Won, Kimberly Wilson, Marianna Schantz, Peter M. TI Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; ANTIGEN; CATS AB Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. infections can cause systemic and ocular disease. To estimate the prevalence of infection with these organisms, we tested serum samples from persons ! 12 years of age obtained in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Among those tested for both T. gondii and Toxocara spp. (n = 16,646), the age-adjusted T gondii antibody prevalence was 23.6% (95% confidence limit [CL] = 22.1-25.1%) and the Toxocara spp. antibody prevalence was 14.0% (95% CL = 12.7-15.4%). Multivariate analysis controlling demographic and risk factors showed that persons infected with Toxocara spp. were more likely to be infected with T. gondii (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% CL 1.61-2.31), and similarly, persons infected with T. gondii were more likely to be infected with Toxocara spp. (OR 1.91, 95% CL = 1.59-2.28). Infection with T gondii and Toxocara spp. are common and can be prevented by many similar interventions. C1 [Jones, Jeffrey L.; Won, Kimberly; Wilson, Marianna; Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kruszon-Moran, Deanna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlj1@cdc.gov; ddk0@cdc.gov; kfw7@cdc.gov; myw1@cdc.gov; pms1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250JT UT WOS:000252296700010 PM 18187782 ER PT J AU Sang, RC Ahmed, O Faye, O Kelly, CLH Yahaya, AA Mmadi, I Toilibou, A Sergon, K Brown, J Agata, N Yakouide, A Ball, MD Breiman, RF Miller, BR Powers, AM AF Sang, Rosemary C. Ahmed, Ouledi Faye, Ousmane Kelly, Cindy L. H. Yahaya, Ali Ahmed Mmadi, Ibrahim Toilibou, Ali Sergon, Kibet Brown, Jennifer Agata, Naftali Yakouide, Allarangar Ball, Mamadou D. Breiman, Robert F. Miller, Barry R. Powers, Ann M. TI Entomologic investigations of a chikungunya virus epidemic in the union of the Comoros, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; DENGUE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; FEVER; AREA; IDENTIFICATION; REEMERGENCE; DISTRICT AB From January to April 2005, an epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) illness occurred in the Union of Comoros. Entomological studies were undertaken during the peak of the outbreak, from March 11 to March 31, aimed at identifying the primary vector(s) involved in transmission so that appropriate public health measures could be implemented. Adult mosquitoes were collected by backpack aspiration and human landing collection in homes and neighborhoods of clinically ill patients. Water-holding containers were inspected for presence of mosquito larvae. Adult mosquitoes were analyzed by RT-PCR and cultivation in cells for the presence of CHIK virus and/or nucleic acid. A total of 2,326 mosquitoes were collected and processed in 199 pools. The collection consisted of 62.8% Aedes aegypti, 25.5% Culex species, and 10.7% Aedes simpsoni complex, Eretmapodites spp and Anopheles spp. Seven mosquito pools were found to be positive for CHIKV RNA and 1 isolate was obtained. The single CHIKV mosquito isolate was from a pool of Aedes aegypti and the minimum infection rate (MIR) for this species was 4.0, suggesting that Ae. aegypti was the principal vector responsible for the outbreak. This was supported by high container (31.1%), household (68%), and Breteau (126) indices, with discarded tires (58.8%) and small cooking and water storage vessels (31.1%) registering the highest container indices. C1 [Kelly, Cindy L. H.; Brown, Jennifer; Miller, Barry R.; Powers, Ann M.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sang, Rosemary C.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ahmed, Ouledi; Yahaya, Ali Ahmed; Mmadi, Ibrahim; Toilibou, Ali] Minist Hlth, Moroni, Comoros. [Faye, Ousmane; Agata, Naftali; Yakouide, Allarangar; Ball, Mamadou D.] WHO, AFRO, Brazzaville, Congo. [Faye, Ousmane; Agata, Naftali; Yakouide, Allarangar; Ball, Mamadou D.] WHO, AFRO, Moroni, Comoros. [Sergon, Kibet] Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] US Ctr Dis Ctr & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM APowers@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250JT UT WOS:000252296700016 PM 18187788 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Amann, J Eigege, A Richards, F Sodahlon, Y AF Mathieu, Els Amann, Josef Eigege, Abel Richards, Frank Sodahlon, Yao TI Collecting baseline information for national morbidity alleviation programs: Different methods to estimate lymphatic filariasis morbidity prevalence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; GHANA; DISEASE; ELIMINATION; HYDROCELE; DISTRICT; BELIEFS; NIGERIA AB The lymphatic filariasis elimination program aims not only to stop transmission, but also to alleviate morbidity. Although geographically limited morbidity projects exist, few have been implemented nationally. For advocacy and planning, the program coordinators need prevalence estimates that are currently rarely available. This article compares several approaches to estimate morbidity prevalence: (1) data routinely collected during mapping or sentinel site activities; (2) data collected during drug coverage surveys; and (3) alternative surveys. Data were collected in Plateau and Nasarawa States in Nigeria and in 6 districts in Togo. In both settings, we found that questionnaires seem to underestimate the morbidity prevalence compared with existing information collected through clinical examination. We suggest that program managers use the latter for advocacy and planning, but if not available, questionnaires to estimate morbidity prevalence can be added to existing surveys. Even though such data will most likely underestimate the real burden of disease, they can be useful in resource-limited settings. C1 [Mathieu, Els; Amann, Josef] CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Carter Ctr, Jos, Nigeria. [Richards, Frank] Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Lome, Fac Mixte Med & Pharm, Dept Parasitol, Lome, Togo. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emm7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250JT UT WOS:000252296700027 PM 18187799 ER PT J AU Nyadong, L Hohenstein, EG Johnson, K Sherrill, CD Green, MD Fernandez, FM AF Nyadong, Leonard Hohenstein, Edward G. Johnson, Kristin Sherrill, C. David Green, Michael D. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Desorption electrospray ionization reactions between host crown ethers and the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir for the rapid screening of Tamiflu (R) SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; NON-PROXIMATE DETECTION; DESI MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GUEST CHEMISTRY AB Competitive host-guest chemistry on a desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS) platform is presented here as the basis for a rapid and quantitative screening method for assessing the quality of Tamiflu (R) capsules with minimal sample preparation. Oseltamivir, the active ingredient in Tamiflu (R), is an orally active neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral. The high cost and demand for this drug has made it a target for counterfeiters, and reports of counterfeit Tamiflu (R) capsules have already appeared. This urges the development of rapid and sensitive tools for Tamiflu (R) authentication. The method presented here is based on the selective recognition of oseltamivir by crown ethers added to the DESI spray solvent. Crown ethers with various ring sizes were evaluated, all being observed to form stable host-guest complexes with protonated oseltamivir. The relative gas phase stability of each of the host-guest complexes was assessed and the results compared with dispersion-corrected density functional theory. Competive experiments with various pairs of crown ethers were used to assess the relative binding selectivities for oseltamivir. The abundance ratio of the formed complexes was observed to be dependent on the amount of analyte present on the surface of the sample, and independent of DESI geometric factors. These competitive reactions were then successfully tested as a means for the rapid quantitation of oseltamivir by reactive DESI MS without the need for an internal standard. C1 [Nyadong, Leonard; Hohenstein, Edward G.; Johnson, Kristin; Sherrill, C. David; Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU US Pharmacopeia; NSF CAREER FX This study was supported by a graduate scholarship from the US Pharmacopeia to LN, and an NSF CAREER award to FMF. We also want to thanks F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd. for providing genuine Tamiflu (R) capsules and pharmaceutical grade oseltamivir phosphate. NR 62 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1513 EP 1522 DI 10.1039/b809471c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 362LB UT WOS:000260198100007 PM 18936828 ER PT J AU Hurtubise, RJ Thompson, AL Weston, A Manchester, DK AF Hurtubise, Robert J. Thompson, Allison L. Weston, Ainsley Manchester, David K. TI Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in placental DNA samples by room-temperature solid-matrix phosphorescence SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE human placental DNA; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts; solid-matrix phosphorescence ID SOLUTE PROBES; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; SOLVENT POLARITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; WATER SAMPLES; TETROL I-1; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRA; PHOSPHORIMETRY AB This is the first attempt for the direct detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in human placental DNA samples by solid-matrix phosphorescence (SMP). Six samples were investigated, and SMP emission spectra and the corresponding second derivative SMP spectra were obtained for all the samples. Numerous excitation and emission wavelengths were studied for detecting PAH-DNA adducts. Second derivative SMP spectra indicated the presence of PAH-DNA adducts, whereas the longer SMP emission region proved fruitful for detecting adducts in the placental DNA samples. The SMP results for the samples strongly implied that a variety of PAH-DNA adducts could be present. C1 [Hurtubise, Robert J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Thompson, Allison L.] Dugway Proving Ground, Jacobs Technol, Dugway, UT USA. [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. [Manchester, David K.] UCDHSC, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Manchester, David K.] Childrens Hosp, Aurora, CO USA. RP Hurtubise, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM hurtubis@uwyo.edu NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1944 EP 1963 DI 10.1080/00032710802209219 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 335CE UT WOS:000258267600002 ER PT S AU de la Fuente, J Blouin, EF Manzano-Roman, R Naranjo, V Almazan, C de la Lastra, JMP Zivkovic, Z Massung, RF Jongejan, F Kocan, KM AF de la Fuente, Jose Blouin, Edmour F. Manzano-Roman, Raul Naranjo, Victoria Almazan, Consuelo Perez de la Lastra, Jose Manuel Zivkovic, Zorica Massung, Robert F. Jongejan, Frans Kocan, Katherine M. BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI Differential Expression of the Tick Protective Antigen Subolesin in Anaplasma marginale- and A-phagocytophilum-infected Host Cells SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE tick; subolesin; Anaplasma; RNA interference; gene expression; HL-60; vaccine ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; RNA INTERFERENCE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; GENE; INFESTATIONS; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; RICKETTSIALES; TRANSMISSION; MODULATION AB Subolesin was recently shown in vaccine and RNA interference (RNAi) studies to protect against tick infestations and to affect tick feeding, reproduction, and development as well as infection of host cells by Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. Recent experiments provided evidence that infection of both tick and vertebrate host cells with these two pathogens modified gene expression. We therefore hypothesized that infection of host cells with A. margin ale and A. phagocytophilum. affects expression of subolesin. Subolesin mRNA levels were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR in uninfected and A. marginale-infected Dermacentor variabilis guts and salivary glands and IDE8-cultured tick cells and in uninfected and A. phagoeytophilum-infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs, ISE6-cultured tick cells, and the human cell line HL-60. In addition, the effect of subolesin on Anaplasma spp. infection/multiplication was characterized by RNAi in tick tissues and/or cultured tick and human cells. These experiments presented evidence of differential expression of subolesin in A. marginale- and A. phagocytophilum-infected cells. Subolesin was differentially expressed in A. marginale-infected ticks in a tissue-specific manner in which mRNA levels increased in response to A. marginale infection in tick salivary gland cells but not in the gut cells. Subolesin knockdown by RNAi reduced Anaplasma infection/multiplication only in cells in which infection increased subolesin expression, i.e., in A. marginale-infected D. variabilis salivary glands and IDE8 cells. The results reported herein further support the role of subolesin in Anaplasma-host interactions and suggest a putative role of subolesin in vaccines for the control of pathogen infection/multiplication in ticks. C1 [de la Fuente, Jose; Blouin, Edmour F.; Manzano-Roman, Raul; Kocan, Katherine M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [de la Fuente, Jose; Naranjo, Victoria; Perez de la Lastra, Jose Manuel] CSIC, UCLM, JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget IREC, Ciudad Real, Spain. [Almazan, Consuelo] Univ Autonoma Tamaulipas, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Zivkovic, Zorica; Jongejan, Frans] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Utrecht Ctr Tick Borne Dis, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jongejan, Frans] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP de la Fuente, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jose_delafuente@yahoo.com RI Perez de la Lastra, Jose/F-9184-2013; Manzano Roman, Raul/L-8079-2014; OI Perez de la Lastra, Jose/0000-0003-4663-5565; Manzano Roman, Raul/0000-0002-0165-2604; de la Fuente, Jose/0000-0001-7383-9649 FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [1669]; Walter R. Sidington Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research; Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain [06036-00 ICS-JCCM]; Ministry of Science and Education, Spain [AGL2005-07401]; Wellcome Trust [0757990]; ConseJeria de Educacion, JCCM, Spain; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain FX This research was partially supported by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (Project 1669), the Walter R. Sidington Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research (KA/1K, Oklahoma State University), Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI, the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain (project 06036-00 ICS-JCCM), the Ministry of Science and Education, Spain (project AGL2005-07401), and the Wellcome Trust under the 'Animal Health in the Developing World" initiative (project 0757990). VN was funded by ConseJeria de Educacion, JCCM, Spain. R-M-Rwas funded by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain. JMPL is a recipient of the Ramon y Cajal Research program of Spain. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.056 PG 9 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000008 PM 19120168 ER PT S AU Suzan, G Marce, E Giermakowski, JT Armien, B Pascale, J Mills, J Ceballos, G Gomez, A Aguirre, AA Salazar-Bravo, J Armien, A Parmenter, R Yates, T AF Suzan, Gerardo Marce, Erika Giermakowski, J. Tomasz Armien, Blas Pascale, Juan Mills, James Ceballos, Gerardo Gomez, Andres Aguirre, A. Alonso Salazar-Bravo, Jorge Armien, Anibal Parmenter, Robert Yates, Terry BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI The Effect of Habitat Fragmentation and Species Diversity Loss on Hantavirus Prevalence in Panama SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE habitat loss; habitat fragmentation; diversity loss; hantavirus; rodent diversity ID HIGH SEROPREVALENCE; AZUERO PENINSULA; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPES; DISEASES; ECOLOGY AB Habitat fragmentation and diversity loss due to increased conversion of natural habitats to agricultural uses influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife species and thus may change the ecology of pathogen transmission. We used hantaviruses in Panama as a research model to determine whether anthropogenic environmental change is associated with changes in the dynamics of viral transmission. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether hantavirus infection was correlated with spatial attributes of the landscape at both large and small scales or whether these changes are mediated by changes in community composition. When analyzed at coarse spatial scales, hantavirus reservoirs were more commonly found in disturbed habitats and edge habitats than in forested areas. At local scales, reservoir species dominance was significantly correlated with the slope of the terrain. To evaluate the effect of small-mammal diversity loss on infection dynamics, we implemented an experiment with selective species removal at experimental sites. Seroprevalence of hantavirus was higher in the community of small mammals and increased through time in the experimental sites. The higher seroprevalence in experimental plots suggests that greater diversity likely reduces encounter rates between infected and susceptible hosts. Our studies suggest that habitat loss and fragmentation and species diversity loss are altering hantavirus infection dynamics in Panama. Our work represents a multidisciplinary approach toward disease research that includes biodiversity concerns such as environmental change and degradation, human settlement patterns, and the ecology of host and nonhost species, work that may be especially important in tropical countries. C1 [Suzan, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Marce, Erika; Giermakowski, J. Tomasz; Parmenter, Robert; Yates, Terry] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Armien, Blas; Pascale, Juan] Inst Conmemorat GORGAS, Panama City, Panama. [Mills, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gomez, Andres] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] Wildlife Trust, New York, NY USA. [Salazar-Bravo, Jorge] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Armien, Anibal] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Suzan, G (reprint author), Ciclistas 68,Interior 3,Colonia Country Club, Mexico City 04220, DF, Mexico. EM gerardosuz@gmail.com RI Giermakowski, Jacek/B-3689-2009; Armien, Anibal/A-6546-2010; OI Giermakowski, Jacek/0000-0002-6422-157X; Ceballos, Gerardo/0000-0001-8374-2656 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.063 PG 4 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000019 PM 19120179 ER PT J AU Northrop-Clewes, CA AF Northrop-Clewes, Christine A. TI Interpreting indicators of iron status during an acute phase response - lessons from malaria and human immunodeficiency virus SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ANEMIC PATIENTS; BONE-MARROW; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AB Iron status is influenced by inflammation when the normal control of iron metabolism is reorganized by the primary mediators of the acute phase response, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1. The objective of this review is to show how indices of iron status, particularly haemoglobin, serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations relate to changes in the acute phase proteins during inflammation. The pattern of acute phase response after elective surgery, not preceded by infection, is used to demonstrate the time course of stimulation of the acute phase proteins. The changes in the concentrations of serum acute phase protein and markers of iron status during treatment for infection are used to demonstrate inter-relationships between the indicators. In many developing countries, asymptomatic malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common and may affect the interpretation of iron indicators during population assessments. Malaria produces an acute phase response and relationships between acute phase protein and indices of iron status indicate an influence of inflammation in both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria, except when the parasitaemia is less than 1000/mu L of blood when ferritin appears to be unaffected. HIV-1 impacts on haemopoiesis and anaemia. Anaemia increases in severity as the disease progresses and it is often a negative prognostic indicator. However, in individuals infected with HIV there may be an atypical acute phase response in the absence of opportunistic infections. Tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the inter-relationships between ferritin and the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein during an acute phase response. C1 [Northrop-Clewes, Christine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Northrop-Clewes, CA (reprint author), MRC Collaborat Ctr Human Nutr Res, 120 Fulbourn Rd, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. EM christine.clewes@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk NR 89 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5632 J9 ANN CLIN BIOCHEM JI Ann. Clin. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 45 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1258/acb.2007.007167 PN 1 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 271WW UT WOS:000253820400005 PM 18275670 ER PT J AU Salhi, B Heillpern, KL Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Salhi, Bisan Heillpern, Katherine L. Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEUROSYPHILIS; PENICILLIN; SYPHILIS; AIDS C1 [Salhi, Bisan; Heillpern, Katherine L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Talan, David A.; Moran, Gregory J.; Pinner, Robert] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Talan, David A.; Moran, Gregory J.; Pinner, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salhi, B (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.11.014 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 251OJ UT WOS:000252382700018 PM 18175379 ER PT J AU Evans, DE Heitbrink, WA Slavin, TJ Peters, TM AF Evans, Douglas E. Heitbrink, William A. Slavin, Thomas J. Peters, Thomas M. TI Ultrafine and respirable particles in an automotive grey iron foundry SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; FINE PARTICLES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; ASSEMBLY FACILITY; SURFACE-AREA; AEROSOLS; WORKPLACE; PULMONARY; MASS; ASSOCIATION AB Ultrafine particle number and respirable particle mass concentrations were measured throughout an automotive grey iron foundry during winter, spring and summer using a particle concentration mapping procedure. Substantial temporal and spatial variability was observed in all seasons and attributed, in part, to the batch nature of operations, process emission variability and frequent work interruptions. The need for fine mapping grids was demonstrated, where elevations in particle concentrations were highly localized. Ultrafine particle concentrations were generally greatest during winter when incoming make-up air was heated with direct fire, natural gas burners. Make-up air drawn from roof level had elevated respirable mass and ultrafine number concentrations above ambient outdoor levels, suggesting inadvertent recirculation of foundry process emissions. Elevated respirable mass concentrations were highly localized on occasions (e. g. abrasive blasting and grinding), depended on the area within the facility where measurements were obtained, but were largely unaffected by season. Particle sources were further characterized by measuring their respective number and mass concentrations by particle size. Sources that contributed to ultrafine particles included process-specific sources (e. g. melting and pouring operations), and non-process sources (e. g. direct fire natural gas heating units, a liquid propane-fuelled sweeper and cigarette smoking) were additionally identified. C1 [Heitbrink, William A.; Peters, Thomas M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Evans, Douglas E.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Slavin, Thomas J.] Intl Truck & Engn Corp, Warrenville, IL 60555 USA. RP Heitbrink, WA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, 102 IREH,100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-heitbrink@uiowa.edu NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem056 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 253DG UT WOS:000252498300002 PM 18056626 ER PT J AU Gao, R Price, D Sissung, T Reed, E Figg, WD AF Gao, R. Price, D. Sissung, T. Reed, E. Figg, W. D. TI Ethnic disparities in Americans of European descent versus Americans of African descent related to polymorphic ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1 and PAPR1 SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Symposium on Target Anticancer Therapies CY MAR 20-22, 2008 CL Bethesda, MD SP NDDO Res Fdn, ESMO, NCI, MDICT Task Force C1 [Gao, R.; Price, D.; Sissung, T.; Figg, W. D.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Reed, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Figg Sr, William/M-2411-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 2008 VL 19 SU 3 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 318EL UT WOS:000257074300101 ER PT J AU Dietz, NH Robinson, TN AF Dietz, Nvilliam H. Robinson, Thomas N. TI What can we do to control childhood obesity? SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; OVERWEIGHT C1 [Dietz, Nvilliam H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Robinson, Thomas N.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Robinson, Thomas N.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Robinson, Thomas N.] Lucile Packard Childerns Hosp, Ctr Healthy Weight, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Robinson, Thomas N.] Packard Childrens Hosp, Stanford, CA USA. RP Dietz, NH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 615 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1177/0002716207308898 PG 3 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 248LB UT WOS:000252153700014 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Eisen, L AF Piesman, Joseph Eisen, Lars TI Prevention of tick-borne diseases SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE lyme borrehosis; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdoiferi; tick-borne encephalitis ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TRANSMISSION; HOST-TARGETED PERMETHRIN; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE NYMPHS AB Tick-borne diseases are on the rise. Lyme borreliosis is prevalent throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and the same Ixodes tick species transmitting the etiologic agents of this disease also serve as vectors of pathogens causing human babesiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and tick-borne encephalitis. Recently, several novel agents of rickettsia] diseases have been described. Despite an explosion of knowledge in the fields of tick biology, genetics, molecular biology, and immunology, transitional research leading to widely applied public health measures to combat tick-borne diseases has not been successful. Except for the vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis virus, and a brief campaign to reduce this disease in the former Soviet Union through widespread application of DDT, success stories in the fight against tick-borne diseases are lacking. Both new approaches to tick and pathogen control and novel ways of translating research findings into practical control measures are needed to prevent tick-borne diseases in the twenty-first century. C1 [Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jfp2@cdc.gov; lars.eisen@colostate.edu NR 131 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 6 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 EI 1545-4487 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 323 EP 343 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093429 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255UY UT WOS:000252684300018 PM 17877457 ER PT S AU Cargo, M Mercer, SL AF Cargo, Margaret Mercer, Shawna L. TI The value and challenges of participatory research: Strengthening its practice SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE community-based participatory research; action research; empowerment evaluation; community engagement; partnerships; knowledge translation ID DIABETES PREVENTION PROJECT; COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; NEW-YORK-CITY; HEALTH-PROMOTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS; KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION; SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY; VIETNAMESE-AMERICANS AB The increasing use of participatory research (PR) approaches to address pressing public health issues reflects PR's potential for bridging gaps between research and practice, addressing social and environmental justice and enabling people to gain control over determinants of their health. Our critical review of the PR literature culminates in the development of an integrative practice framework that features five essential domains and provides a structured process for developing and maintaining PR partnerships, designing and implementing PR efforts, and evaluating the intermediate and long-term outcomes of descriptive, etiological, and intervention PR studies. We review the empirical and nonempirical literature in the context of this practice framework to distill the key challenges and added value of PR. Advances to the practice of PR over the next decade will require establishing the effectiveness of PR in achieving health outcomes and linking PR practices, processes, and core elements to health outcomes. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Verdun, PQ H4H 1R3, Canada. McGill Univ, Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Verdun, PQ H4H 1R3, Canada. [Mercer, Shawna L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guide Community Prevent Serv, Div Hlth Commun, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cargo, M (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Sch Hlth Sci, City E Campus, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM margaret.cargo@unisa.edu.au; smercer@cdc.gov RI Cargo, Margaret/B-2141-2010 NR 146 TC 226 Z9 228 U1 8 U2 86 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2729-3 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2008 VL 29 BP 325 EP 350 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.091307.083824 PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 293QI UT WOS:000255349400023 PM 18173388 ER PT J AU Bertognolio, S Derdelinckx, I Parker, M Fitzgibbon, J Fleury, H Peeters, M Schuurman, R Pillay, D Morris, L Tanuri, A Gershy-Damet, GM Nkengasong, J Gilks, CF Sutherland, D Sandstrom, P AF Bertognolio, Silvio Derdelinckx, Inge Parker, Monica Fitzgibbon, Joseph Fleury, Herve Peeters, Martin Schuurman, Rob Pillay, Deenan Morris, Lynn Tanuri, Amilcar Gershy-Damet, Guy-Michel Nkengasong, John Gilks, Charles F. Sutherland, Donald Sandstrom, Paul TI World Health Organization/HIVResNet drug resistance laboratory strategy SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS RNA; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; WHOLE-BLOOD; PLASMA; SURVEILLANCE; STABILITY; HIV; STORAGE; AMPLIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB With rapidly increasing access to antiretroviral drugs globally, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has become a significant public health issue, This requires a coordinated and collaborative response from country level to international level to assess the extent of HIVDR and the establishment of efficient and evidence-based strategies to minimize its appearance and onward transmission. In parallel with the rollout of universal access to HIV treatment, countries are developing protocols based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) to measure, at a population level, both transmitted HIVDR and HIVDR emerging during treatment. The WHO in collaboration with international experts (HIVResNet Laboratory Working Group), has developed a laboratory strategy, which has the overall goal of delivering quality-assured HIV genotypic results on specimens derived from the HIVDR surveys. The results will be used to help control the emergence and spread of drug resistance and to guide decision makers on antiretroviral therapy policy at national, regional and global level. The HIVDR Laboratory Strategy developed by the WHO includes several key aspects: the formation of a global network of national, regional and specialized laboratories accredited to perform HIVDR testing using a common set of WHO standard and performance indicators; recommendations of acceptable methods for collection, handling, shipment and storage of specimens in field conditions; and the provision of laboratory technical support, capacity building and quality assurance for network laboratories. The WHO/HIVResNet HIVDR Laboratory Network has been developed along the lines of other successful laboratory networks coordinated by the WHO. As of August 2007, assessment for accreditation has been conducted in 30 laboratories, covering the WHO's African, South-East Asia, Western Pacific, and the Caribbean Regions. C1 [Bertognolio, Silvio; Gilks, Charles F.; Sutherland, Donald] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Derdelinckx, Inge] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Virol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Parker, Monica; Schuurman, Rob] New York State Dept Hlth, David Axelrod Inst, Albany, NY USA. [Fitzgibbon, Joseph] DDCSB, TRP, DAIDS, NIAID,NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Fleury, Herve] Hop Pellegrin, Virol Lab, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. [Peeters, Martin] Retrovirus Lab, Programme SIDA IRD, Montpellier, France. [Pillay, Deenan] Hlth Protect Agcy Colindale, Ctr Infect, London, England. [Morris, Lynn] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, HIV AIDS Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tanuri, Amilcar] Cidade Univ, Mol Virol Lab, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gershy-Damet, Guy-Michel] WHO, WHO Reg Off Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Nkengasong, John] Ctr Dis Control, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sandstrom, Paul] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV & Retrovirol Labs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Bertognolio, S (reprint author), WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM bertagnolio@who.int RI Gilks, Charles/B-4184-2012; OI , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 SU 2 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 310DF UT WOS:000256508400005 PM 18575191 ER PT J AU Somi, GR Kibuka, T Diallo, K Tuhuma, T Bennett, DE Yang, C Kagoma, C Lyamuya, EF Swai, RO Kassim, S AF Somi, Geofrey R. Kibuka, Tabitha Diallo, Karidja Tuhuma, Tulli Bennett, Diane E. Yang, Chunfu Kagoma, Charles Lyamuya, Eligius F. Swai, Roland O. Kassim, Sidibe TI Surveillance of transmitted HIV, drug resistance among women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS; PROTEASE AB Background: In resource-limited settings where antiretroviral treatment (ART) access is being scaled-up, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). We used the WHO HIVDR threshold survey method to assess transmitted HIVDR in Dar es Salaam where ART was introduced in 1995 and where similar to 11,000 people are currently on. ART. Methods: From November 2005 to February 2006, dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were made from remnant specimens collected during the national HIV serosurvey from 60 primagravidas < 25 years old attending six antenatal clinics for routine syphilis testing. Genotyping was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations were identified using the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database. We used the National Institutes of Health genotyping tool for HIV-1 subtyping. HIVDR prevalence categorization was based on the WHO threshold survey binomial sequential sampling method. Results: Among the 60 eligible specimens collected, 50 DBS were successfully amplified using RT-PCR. Sequencing was performed on the first 39 specimens: 13 (33.3%) were subtype Al, 13 (33.3%) subtype C, and 4 (10.3%) subtype D, the remainder differed in the closest subtype based on protease versus reverse transcriptase. No resistance mutations were seen; HIVDR to all drug classes was categorized as < 5%. Conclusions: Our survey indicates that prevalence of transmitted HIVDR among recently infected pregnant women in Dar es Salaam is low (< 5%). The survey should be repeated during the next HIV sentinel survey in Dar es Salaam and extended to other regions where ART is being scaled up. C1 [Diallo, Karidja; Yang, Chunfu; Kassim, Sidibe] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Somi, Geofrey R.; Tuhuma, Tulli; Swai, Roland O.] Natl AIDS Control Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kibuka, Tabitha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Bennett, Diane E.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kagoma, Charles] WHO, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Lyamuya, Eligius F.] Muhimbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Kassim, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM skassim@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 20 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 SU 2 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 310DF UT WOS:000256508400008 PM 18575194 ER PT J AU Kamoto, K Aberle-Grasse, J AF Kamoto, Kelita Aberle-Grasse, John CA Malawi HIV Drug Resistance Task Fo TI Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance with the World Health Organization threshold survey method in Lilongwe, Malawi SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PROTEASE AB Background: Malawi started rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2004 and by December 2006 had initiated 81,821 patients on treatment in the public sector. Owing to capacity constraints, standard patient care, treatment initiation and follow up are based on World Health Organization (WHO) clinical staging and do not provide laboratory monitoring to assess treatment failure. Methods: To monitor possible transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) an HIVDR threshold surveillance based on the WHO guidelines was implemented in Malawi. Anonymous dried blood specimens were collected from routine blood samples of HIV-positive women attending primagravida antenatal care and aged < 25 years. Results: Of 59 samples tested, 54 were successfully amplified indicating good specimen quality and processing. The WHO protocol algorithm to classify the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in the site sample only required the genotyping of 34 of the samples. None of the major drug resistance mutations on the WHO surveillance list were found in these 34 specimens. Conclusions: Malawi HIVDR transmission can be classified as < 5% for all relevant drugs and drug classes in this population. On the basis of the very positive experience of this survey, an expanded HIVDR surveillance system will be implemented to inform the ART program as it continues to scale-up. C1 [Kamoto, Kelita] Minist Hlth, HIV Univ, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Aberle-Grasse, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aberle-Grasse, J (reprint author), Minist Hlth, HIV Univ, Lilongwe, Malawi. EM joa7@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 SU 2 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 310DF UT WOS:000256508400009 PM 18575195 ER PT J AU Abegaz, WE Grossman, Z Wolday, D Ram, D Kaplan, J Sibide, K Wuhib, T Ismael, S Nkengasong, J Mekonen, T Berhanu, H Messele, T Lulseged, S Maayan, S Mengistu, Y AF Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku Grossman, Zehava Wolday, Dawit Ram, Daniela Kaplan, Jonathan Sibide, Kassim Wuhib, Tadesse Ismael, Shabbir Nkengasong, John Mekonen, Teferi Berhanu, Hiwot Messele, Tsehaynesh Lulseged, Sileshi Maayan, Shlomo Mengistu, Yohannes TI Threshold survey evaluating transmitted HIV drug resistance among public antenatal clinic clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; INFECTION; SUBTYPES; THERAPY; AFRICA; TIME AB Background: Expanded access to HIV therapy in the developing world raises serious concerns regarding the potential emergence and transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains. Although HIV drug resistance surveillance is recommended to track transmitted HIV drug resistance among newly infected individuals, the financial constraints in resource-limited countries prohibit such surveillance on a regular basis. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently introduced guidelines to address this issue. Methods: A survey was conducted in Ethiopia following the WHO guidelines to assess transmitted HIV drug resistance among recently HIV-infected individuals in Addis Ababa. Antiretroviral drug usage started 3 years earlier than commencement of the current expanded access to antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Results: Of 75 eligible samples, 39 (52%) were successfully sequenced and genotyped in the protease and reverse transcriptase region, using both the ViroSeq (R) and TrueGene (R) genotyping systems, and analysed for drug resistance mutations using an algorithm from the Stanford HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Database. The analysis revealed that transmitted HIV drug resistance in Addis Ababa is below the 5% threshold level for all three classes of antiretrovirals. Conclusions: The current first-line antiretroviral therapy strategy can be used with confidence in Ethiopia at this time; however, Ethiopia should conduct similar periodic surveys that include the capitals of Ethiopia's larger regional states to ensure early detection of any changes in the country's HIV drug resistance trend. C1 [Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku] Univ Addis Ababa, Aklilu Lemma Inst Pathobiol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku; Mengistu, Yohannes] Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Grossman, Zehava; Ram, Daniela] Sheba Hosp, Cent Virol Lab, Minist Hlth, Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Wolday, Dawit; Berhanu, Hiwot; Messele, Tsehaynesh] EHNRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kaplan, Jonathan; Sibide, Kassim; Nkengasong, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wuhib, Tadesse; Ismael, Shabbir; Mekonen, Teferi; Lulseged, Sileshi; Mengistu, Yohannes] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Maayan, Shlomo] Hadassah Univ Hosp, AIDS Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Abegaz, WE (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Aklilu Lemma Inst Pathobiol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM woldaregay_e@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 SU 2 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 310DF UT WOS:000256508400010 PM 18575196 ER PT J AU McNulty, A Diallo, K Zhang, J Titanji, B Kassim, S Bennett, D Aberle-Gasse, J Kibuka, T Ndumbe, PM Nkengasong, JN Yang, C AF McNulty, A. Diallo, K. Zhang, J. Titanji, B. Kassim, S. Bennett, D. Aberle-Gasse, J. Kibuka, T. Ndumbe, P. M. Nkengasong, J. N. Yang, C. TI Development and application of a broadly sensitive genotyping assay for surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in PEPFAR countries SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 10-14, 2008 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 [McNulty, A.; Diallo, K.; Zhang, J.; Kassim, S.; Nkengasong, J. N.; Yang, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSP, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Titanji, B.; Ndumbe, P. M.] Univ Yaounde 1, CSCCD, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Bennett, D.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Aberle-Gasse, J.] CDC GAP, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kibuka, T.] CDC GAP, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 323EY UT WOS:000257428100125 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Kang, D Fu, J Sun, X Lin, B Nkengasong, J Yang, C AF Zhang, J. Kang, D. Fu, J. Sun, X. Lin, B. Nkengasong, J. Yang, C. TI Surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients from Shandong Province, China SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 10-14, 2008 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 [Zhang, J.; Kang, D.; Fu, J.; Sun, X.; Lin, B.] Shandong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst AIDS HIV Control & Prevent, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J.; Nkengasong, J.; Yang, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Div Global AIDS, NCH SP, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP A166 EP A166 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 323EY UT WOS:000257428100170 ER PT J AU Molins-Schneekloth, CR Belisle, JT Petersen, JM AF Molins-Schneekloth, Claudia R. Belisle, John T. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Genomic markers for differentiation of Francisella tularensis subsp tularensis A.I and A.II strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; UNITED-STATES; TULAREMIA; SEQUENCE; PCR; EXOPROTEINS; CHITINASE; EVOLUTION; UNIQUE AB Tularemia is caused by two subspecies of Francisella tularensis, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B). F. tularensis subsp. tularensis is further subdivided into two genetically distinct populations (A.I and A.II) that differ with respect to geographical location, anatomical source of recovered isolates, and disease outcome. Using two human clinical isolates, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to identify 13 genomic regions of difference between A.I and A.II strains. Two PCR assays, one to identify A.I and A.II as well as to discriminate between F. tularensis subsp. holarctica and F. novicida and another specific for A.I, were developed. This is the first report to identify and characterize conserved genomic differences between A.I and A.H. C1 [Molins-Schneekloth, Claudia R.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Molins-Schneekloth, Claudia R.; Belisle, John T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM JPetersen@cdc.gov RI Belisle, John/B-8944-2017 OI Belisle, John/0000-0002-2539-2798 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI-065357, U54 AI065357, U54 AI065357-01] NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1128/AEM.01522-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 248ZF UT WOS:000252195200044 PM 18024683 ER PT J AU James, L Gorwitz, RJ Jones, RC Watson, JT Hageman, JC Jernigan, DB Lord, Y Caballes, N Cortes, C Golash, RG Price, JS Gerber, SI AF James, L. Gorwitz, R. J. Jones, R. C. Watson, J. T. Hageman, J. C. Jernigan, D. B. Lord, Y. Caballes, N. Cortes, C. Golash, R. G. Price, J. S. Gerber, S. I. TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among healthy full-term newborns SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; EMERGENCE; DISEASE; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; GUIDELINE; HOSPITALS AB Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have emerged in the community, causing disease among healthy people lacking traditional risk factors for MRSA infection. This article describes an outbreak of MRSA among healthy full-term newborns. Design: Cases were identified and corresponding medical information collected. Telephone interviews were conducted with mothers of cases ands surveillance cultures from mothers and newborns were performed. MRSA isolates were genotyped. Setting: Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Participants: Newborns, their mothers and hospital healthcare workers. Intervention: Nursery infection control practices were enhanced. The MRSA-colonised healthcare workers received intranasal mupirocin. Main outcome: Within 4-23 days of birth, 11 newborns were identified with pustules, vesicles or blisters located on the head, groin, perineum, ears, legs, chin and trunk. All received antimicrobials and recovered without incident. Results: None of 432 peripartum women, one of 399 newborns, and two of 135 healthcare workers were nasal MRSA carriers. Available isolates from six patients, two healthcare workers, and one from an MRSA-colonised newborn were similar by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Other than contact with the hospital, no common exposures of MRSA transmission were identified. Conclusions: MRSA strains that initially emerged in the community are now causing disease in healthcare settings. Providers should be aware that MRSA can cause skin infections among healthy newborns. Adherence to standard infection control practices is important to prevent transmission of MRSA in nurseries. C1 [James, L.; Jones, R. C.; Watson, J. T.; Cortes, C.; Gerber, S. I.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [James, L.; Gorwitz, R. J.; Hageman, J. C.; Jernigan, D. B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lord, Y.; Caballes, N.] St Anthony Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. [Golash, R. G.; Price, J. S.] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Chicago, IL USA. RP James, L (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Coll Med Bldg,16 Coll Rd, Singapore 169854, Singapore. EM lynjames36@yahoo.com NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1359-2998 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD-FETAL JI Arch. Dis. Child.-Fetal Neonatal Ed. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP F40 EP F44 DI 10.1136/adc.2006.104026 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 252HW UT WOS:000252438600012 PM 17412749 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Felson, DT Lawrence, RC Gabriel, S Hirsch, R Kwoh, CK Liang, MH Kremers, HM Mayes, MD Merkel, PA Pillemer, SR Reveille, JD Stone, JH AF Helmick, Charles G. Felson, David T. Lawrence, Reva C. Gabriel, Sherine Hirsch, Rosemarie Kwoh, C. Kent Liang, Matthew H. Kremers, Hilal Maradit Mayes, Maureen D. Merkel, Peter A. Pillemer, Stanley R. Reveille, John D. Stone, John H. CA Natl Arthritis Data Workgrp TI Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; PRIMARY SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; REITERS-SYNDROME; PERIPHERAL ARTHRITIS; OLMSTED COUNTY; PIMA-INDIANS; CARE VISITS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. To provide a single source for the best available estimates of the US prevalence of and number of individuals affected by arthritis overall, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, the spondylarthritides, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjogren's syndrome. A companion article (part II) addresses additional conditions. Methods. The National Arthritis Data Workgroup reviewed published analyses from available national surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). For analysis of overall arthritis, we used the NHIS. Because data based on national population samples are unavailable for most specific rheumatic conditions, we-derived estimates from published studies of smaller, defined populations. For specific conditions, the best available prevalence estimates were applied to the corresponding 2005 US population estimates from the Census Bureau, to estimate the number affected with each condition. Results. More than 21% of US adults (46.4 million persons) were found to have self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis. We estimated that rheumatoid arthritis affects 1.3 million adults (down from the estimate of 2.1 million for 1995), juvenile arthritis affects 294,000 children, spondylarthritides affect from 0.6 million to 2.4 million adults, systemic lupus erythematosus affects from 161,000 to 322,000 adults, systemic sclerosis affects 49,000 adults, and primary Sjogren's syndrome affects from 0.4 million to 3.1 million adults. Conclusion. Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions continue to be a large and growing public health problem. Estimates for many specific rheumatic conditions rely on a few, small studies of uncertain generalizability to the US population. This report provides the best available prevalence estimates for the US, but for most specific conditions, more studies generalizable to the US or addressing understudied populations are needed. C1 [Helmick, Charles G.] CDC, Arthritis Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Felson, David T.; Merkel, Peter A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Lawrence, Reva C.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gabriel, Sherine; Kremers, Hilal Maradit] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Hirsch, Rosemarie] CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Kwoh, C. Kent] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kwoh, C. Kent] Pittsburgh VA Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Liang, Matthew H.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mayes, Maureen D.; Reveille, John D.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Pillemer, Stanley R.] Macrogen, Rockville, MD USA. [Stone, John H.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), CDC, Arthritis Program, 4770 Buford Highway,K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CHelmick@cdc.gov FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K24 AR002224] NR 90 TC 811 Z9 825 U1 9 U2 73 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1002/art.23177 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 256ML UT WOS:000252733100004 PM 18163481 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RC Felson, DT Helmick, CG Arnold, LM Choi, H Deyo, RA Gabriel, S Hirsch, R Hochberg, MC Hunder, GG Jordan, JM Katz, JN Kremers, HM Wolfe, F AF Lawrence, Reva C. Felson, David T. Helmick, Charles G. Arnold, Lesley M. Choi, Hyon Deyo, Richard A. Gabriel, Sherine Hirsch, Rosemarie Hochberg, Marc C. Hunder, Gene G. Jordan, Joanne M. Katz, Jeffrey N. Kremers, Hilal Maradit Wolfe, Frederick CA Natl Arthritis Data Workgrp TI Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; CARPAL-TUNNEL-SYNDROME; COUNTY OSTEOARTHRITIS PROJECT; GENERAL-POPULATION; POLYMYALGIA-RHEUMATICA; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLMSTED COUNTY; 1990 CRITERIA AB Objective. To provide a single source for the best available estimates of the US prevalence of and number of individuals affected by osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, gout, fibromyalgia, and carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as the symptoms of neck and back pain. A companion article (part 1) addresses additional conditions. Methods. The National Arthritis Data Workgroup reviewed published analyses from available national surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. Because data based on national population samples are unavailable for most specific rheumatic conditions, we derived estimates from published studies of smaller, defined populations. For specific conditions, the best available prevalence estimates were applied to the corresponding 2005 US populaiion estimates from the Census Bureau, to estimate the number affected with each condition. Results. We estimated that among US adults, nearly 27 million have clinical osteoarthritis (up from the estimate of 21 million for 1995), 711,000 have polymyalgia rheumatica, 228,000 have giant cell arteritis, up to 3.0 million have had self-reported gout in the past year (up from the estimate of 2.1 million for 1995), 5.0 million have fibromyalgia, 4-10 million have carpal tunnel syndrome, 59 million have had low back pain in the past 3 months, and 30.1 million have had neck pain in the past 3 months. Conclusion. Estimates for many specific rheumatic conditions rely on a few, small studies of uncertain generalizability to the US population. This report provides the best available prevalence estimates for the US, but for most specific conditions more studies generalizable to the US or addressing understudied populations are needed. C1 [Helmick, Charles G.] CDC, Arthritis Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lawrence, Reva C.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Felson, David T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Arnold, Lesley M.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Choi, Hyon] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Deyo, Richard A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Gabriel, Sherine; Hunder, Gene G.; Kremers, Hilal Maradit] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Hirsch, Rosemarie] CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Hochberg, Marc C.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Katz, Jeffrey N.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wolfe, Frederick] Natl Data Bank Rheumat Dis, Wichita, KS USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), CDC, Arthritis Program, 4770 Buford Highway,K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CHelmick@cdc.gov FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P60 AR047782, P60 AR047782-08] NR 65 TC 1564 Z9 1610 U1 21 U2 185 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1002/art.23176 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 256ML UT WOS:000252733100005 PM 18163497 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi BE Varga, J Samson, RA TI DNA sequence based methods for species identification in the genus Aspergillus SO ASPERGILLUS IN THE GENOMIC ERA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE identification; genotyping; comparative sequence methods; Aspergillus species ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; MEDICALLY IMPORTANT; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; FUMIGATUS; REGIONS; TERREUS; FLAVUS; INFECTIONS AB Identification of species within the genus Aspergillus has entered an exciting era where molecular methods such as DNA sequence based schemes facilitate more rapid and objective species diagnosis. Currently available sequencing schemes for the genus Aspergillus are discussed in this chapter along with potential targets that can be used for genus and species level identification. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-635-9 PY 2008 BP 261 EP 275 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-635-9 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology GA BFP57 UT WOS:000320882800013 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, R. M. TI Biofilms on central venous catheters: Is eradication possible? SO BACTERIAL BIOFILMS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTIBIOTIC-LOCK TECHNIQUE; MUCOID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI BIOFILMS; IN-VITRO; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; INFECTION AB Biofilms on indwelling medical devices such as central venous catheters result in significant morbidity and mortality and have a substantial impact on healthcare delivery. Because routine systemic treatment of patients with catheter-associated bloodstream infections is often ineffective, due to the tolerance of biofilm organisms on these devices, other strategies such as the antimicrobial lock treatment (ALT) have been used. This approach involves the instillation of high concentrations of the antimicrobial agent directly into the biofilm-containing catheter for exposure (i.e., dwell) times sufficient to eradicate the biofilm. Results from human studies. animal studies, and laboratory studies using in vitro model systems have suggested that eradication of a biofilm is possible, depending on the organisms in the biofilm, biofilm age, the antimicrobial agent used, and the dwell/duration of the treatment. The most effective antimicrobial agents are those ( I) that are less affected by the extracellular polymeric substance matrix of the biofilm. (2) that have a more rapid bactericidal effect, or (3) for which the mechanism of action is not dependent upon the growth rates of the organisms. Combining agents may also provide synergy. Fungal biofilms have proven to be much more difficult to treat using the ALT, though newer fungicidal drugs such as the echinocandins hold promise in this regard. However, a serious drawback with the ALT is the potential for the development of resistance. Newer treatments, incorporating agents not classified as antibiotics, appear to effectively eradicate biofilms in in vitro models and should be evaluated in animal and patient studies. Promising technologies that incorporate novel approaches such as ultrasound, bacteriophage, quorum-sensing inhibitors, or enzymes may also provide useful approaches in the future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE Mail Stop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 105 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2008 VL 322 BP 133 EP 161 PG 29 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BID23 UT WOS:000258523900007 PM 18453275 ER PT J AU Teten, AL Miller, LA Bailey, SD Dunn, NJ Kent, TA AF Teten, Andra L. Miller, Lisa A. Bailey, Sara D. Dunn, Nancy Jo Kent, Thomas A. TI Empathic Deficits and Alexithymia in Trauma-Related Impulsive Aggression SO BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; PTSD CHECKLIST; SCALE; DISTURBANCES; ADOLESCENTS; PERSONALITY; RELIABILITY; POPULATION AB Our long term interest is to develop a developmental model of impulsive aggression based on a confluence of social psychological and biological features. This approach incorporates neurobiological research, which has identified language processing deficits as a unique characteristic of impulsive aggressors and extends it to include emotional deficits. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we examined whether empathy and alexithymia were associated with impulsive aggression. Regressions were performed to explore the associations among impaired empathy, alexithymia, impulsive aggression, verbal and physical general aggression. Among impulsive aggressive veterans (n = 38) recruited from a VA trauma clinic, alexithymia predicted impulsive aggression and empathic deficits predicted verbal aggression. Neither emotional awareness deficit predicted general physical aggression in this middle-aged sample. Results suggested that empathic deficits were associated with general verbal aggression, but alexithymia was uniquely associated with impulsive aggression. Consideration of alexithymia in impulsive aggression has implications for its etiology, prevention and treatment. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Teten, Andra L.; Miller, Lisa A.; Bailey, Sara D.; Dunn, Nancy Jo; Kent, Thomas A.] Michael E DeBakey Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Teten, Andra L.; Miller, Lisa A.; Bailey, Sara D.; Dunn, Nancy Jo] Baylor Coll Med, Menninger Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kent, Thomas A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Teten, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ateten@cdc.gov OI Kent, Thomas/0000-0002-9877-7584 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0735-3936 J9 BEHAV SCI LAW JI Behav. Sci. Law PY 2008 VL 26 IS 6 BP 823 EP 832 DI 10.1002/bsl.843 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Law SC Psychology; Government & Law GA 392AC UT WOS:000262274300010 PM 19039794 ER PT S AU Campo, D Dimitrova, Z Khudyakov, Y AF Campo, David Dimitrova, Zoya Khudyakov, Yuri BE Mandoiu, I Sunderraman, R Zelikovsky, A TI Physicochemical correlation between amino acid sites in short sequences under selective pressure SO BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications CY MAY 06-09, 2008 CL Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA HO Georgia State Univ DE physicochemical properties; amino acid; covariation; selection ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INFORMATION-THEORETIC ANALYSIS; HYPERVARIABLE REGION; CONTACT PREDICTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; HYDROPHOBIC CORE; BETA-SHEETS; EVOLUTION; MUTATIONS; COVARIATION AB The activities and properties of proteins are the result of interactions among their constitutive amino acids. In the course of natural selection, substitutions which tend to destabilize a particular structure may be compensated by other substitutions which confer stability to that structure. Patterns of coordinated substitutions were studied in two sets of selected peptides. The first is a set of 181 amino acid sequences that were selected in vitro to bind a MHC class I molecule (K-b). The second is a set of 114 sequences of the Hypervariable Region I of Hepatitis C virus, which, originating from infected patients, result from natural selection in vivo. The patterns of coordinated substitutions in both datasets showed many significant structural and functional links between pairs of positions and conservation of specific selected physicochemical properties. C1 [Campo, David; Dimitrova, Zoya; Khudyakov, Yuri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Campo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Campo, David S./C-5072-2011 OI Campo, David S./0000-0002-8970-3436 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-79449-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT PY 2008 VL 4983 BP 146 EP 158 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHS35 UT WOS:000255941000013 ER PT S AU Lara, J Dimitrova, Z Khudyakov, Y AF Lara, James Dimitrova, Zoya Khudyakov, Yuri BE Mandoiu, I Sunderraman, R Zelikovsky, A TI Invited Keynote Talk: Integrative viral molecular epidemiology: Hepatitis C virus modeling SO BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications CY MAY 06-09, 2008 CL Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA HO Georgia State Univ ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; REPLICATION FITNESS; ACCURATE PREDICTION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; PROTEIN; MEMBRANE AB Traditional molecular epidemiology of viral infections is based on identifying genetic markers to assist in epidemiological investigation. The limitations of early molecular technologies led to preponderance of analytical methodology focused on the viral agent itself. Computational analysis was almost exclusively used for phylogenetic inference. Embracing the approaches and achievements of the traditional molecular epidemiology, integrative molecular epidemiology of viral infections expands into a comprehensive analysis of all factors involved into defining outcomes of exposure of a person(s) to viral infections. The major emphasis of this scientific discipline is on the development of predictive models that can be used in different clinical and public health settings. The current paper briefly reviews a few examples that illustrate a new trend in integrative molecular epidemiology striving to quantitatively define viral properties and parameters using primary structure of viral genomes. C1 [Lara, James; Dimitrova, Zoya; Khudyakov, Yuri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lara, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jlara@cdc.gov; zdimitrova@cdc.gov; ykhudyakov@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-79449-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT JI Lect. Notes Bioinforma. PY 2008 VL 4983 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHS35 UT WOS:000255941000032 ER PT J AU Englert, RC Dauser, D Gilchrist, A Samociuk, HA Singh, RJ Kesner, JS Cuthbert, CD Zarfos, K Gregorio, DI Stevens, RG AF Englert, Regina C. Dauser, Deborah Gilchrist, Alice Samociuk, Holly A. Singh, Ravinder J. Kesner, James S. Cuthbert, Carla D. Zarfos, Kristen Gregorio, David I. Stevens, Richard G. TI Marital status and variability in cortisol excretion in postmenopausal women SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; stress; marriage; epidemiology ID URINARY FREE CORTISOL; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME; EMPLOYED WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; DIURNAL CYCLE; HEALTH; MARRIAGE AB Based on the premise that acute and chronic stresses stimulate and suppress cortisol secretion, respectively, and the hypothesis that marriage provides a buffer to stress, we tested whether extreme values of serum cortisol concentrations would be less likely in married women than in unmarried women. Three hundred women were recruited from two central Connecticut communities. Cortisol was measured in overnight urine samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Information on each subject's demographic characteristics, such as income and education level was collected. Mean log urinary cortisol was virtually identical in married and unmarried women, however, as predicted, the variance was significantly larger in the unmarried group (p = 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression still revealed that absolute deviation of log(10) cortisol from the mean was smaller for married versus unmarried women (p < 0.01); deviation from the mean cortisol was also higher for non-working than working women. These results support the idea that marriage and employment reduce the extreme levels of cortisol secretion, and by extension, this may reflect differences in levels of stress in married and in working women compared to unmarried and non-working women. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Englert, Regina C.; Dauser, Deborah; Gilchrist, Alice; Samociuk, Holly A.; Gregorio, David I.; Stevens, Richard G.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Singh, Ravinder J.; Cuthbert, Carla D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Kesner, James S.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Zarfos, Kristen] St Francis Care, Hartford, CT 06105 USA. RP Stevens, RG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM bugs@neuron.uchc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11659] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.08.011 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 256YS UT WOS:000252766400005 PM 17923241 ER PT J AU Hines, E Kato, K Kuklenyik, Z VonEhrenstein, O Calafat, A Fenton, S AF Hines, Erin Kato, Kayoko Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna VonEhrenstein, Ondine Calafat, Antonia Fenton, Suzanne TI Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the serum and milk of lactating North Carolina women SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, RTD, DBB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, DLS, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, CDC, SPR, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 467 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300436 ER PT S AU Rolka, H O'Connor, JC Walker, D AF Rolka, Henry O'Connor, Jean C. Walker, David BE Zeng, D Chen, H Rolka, H Lober, B TI Public Health Information Fusion for Situation Awareness SO BIOSURVEILLANCE AND BIOSECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biosurveillance and Biosecurity CY DEC 02, 2008 CL Raleigh, NC DE Fusion; public health; bioterrorism; situation awareness ID DISEASES AB Recent events, including the terrorist attacks in the fall of 2001, the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Hurricane Katrina, highlight the need for real-time information exchange to enhance government's awareness and understanding of public health events in order to detect and respond as those events unfold. This paper describes the planned approach of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Office of Critical Information Integration and Exchange (OCIIX) in meeting that need through the programmatic area known as BioPHusion-the identification of critical information requirements (CIRs) and the operationalization of real-time public health information fusion and leadership decision support activities. Drawing from methodologies for situation awareness used in other domains, we outline the framework being used for the implementation of BioPHusion, including the formalization of information exchange partnerships, systematic information source acquisition, policy development, analysis, research, threat assessments and situational awareness report production. We propose that the framework can be applied to the development of real-time information exchange for situation awareness in other public health practice settings, such as state and local government. And, we suggest that the framework can be used to explore the possibilities around sharing critical information with other components of government involved in the detection of, and response to, public health emergencies. C1 [Rolka, Henry; O'Connor, Jean C.; Walker, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Crit Informat Integrat & Exchange, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rolka, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Crit Informat Integrat & Exchange, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HenryRolka@Springer.com; JeanO'Connor@Springer.com; DavidWalker@Springer.com; HenryRolka@Springer.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89745-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT PY 2008 VL 5354 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BIT46 UT WOS:000262507600001 ER PT J AU Caton, AR Bell, EM Druschel, CM Werler, MM Mitchell, AA Browne, ML McNutt, LA Romitti, PA Olney, RS Correa, A AF Caton, Alissa R. Bell, Erin M. Druschel, Charlotte M. Werler, Martha M. Mitchell, Allen A. Browne, Marilyn L. McNutt, Louise-Anne Romitti, Paul A. Olney, Richard S. Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of severe hypospadias SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 18-19, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Pediat & Perinatal Epidemiol Res DE hypospadias; maternal hypertension; antihypertensive medications ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; CRYPTORCHIDISM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS; GROWTH; RECALL; FETAL AB BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders occur in an estimated 5-10% of pregnancies, but few studies have examined birth defects in relation to high blood pressure and antihypertensive medication use. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between high blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and severe hypospadias. METHODS: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, multicenter, case-control study of birth defects to assess risks for severe hypospadias in relation to self-reported high blood pressure and prenatal exposures to antihypertensive drugs in 758 male infants with severe hypospadias and 2,058 male controls born between 1997 and 2002. Logistic regression analyses estimated ORs and 95% CIs, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: We observed slight to moderate elevations in the risk of severe hypospadias for maternal untreated hypertension (adjusted OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-2.9) and antihypertensive medication use during I month preconception through pregnancy month 4 (adjusted OR 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7-2.9). The association was strongest for subjects initiating medications after the fourth month (adjusted OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.9-12.9). CONCLUSIONS: We observed an association between hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of severe hypospadias, particularly when medication use began late in pregnancy. Because hypospadias occurs in early pregnancy, the data suggest that hypertension and its morphologic/physiologic precursors play an etiologic role, perhaps via compromised uteroplacental perfusion. C1 [Caton, Alissa R.] New York State Dept Hlth, Bureau Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Caton, Alissa R.; Bell, Erin M.; Druschel, Charlotte M.; Browne, Marilyn L.; McNutt, Louise-Anne] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Caton, Alissa R.; Druschel, Charlotte M.; Browne, Marilyn L.] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. [Werler, Martha M.; Mitchell, Allen A.] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Olney, Richard S.; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caton, AR (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bureau Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Flanigan Sq,547 River St,Room 20, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM arc05@hcalth.state.ny.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Mitchell, Allen/0000-0003-0950-6799; Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 FU PHS HHS [U50CCU213244] NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1002/bdra.20415 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 253KF UT WOS:000252516400006 PM 18022875 ER PT J AU Brimmer, DJ McCleary, KK Lupton, TA Faryna, KM Hynes, K Reeves, WC AF Brimmer, Dana J. McCleary, K. Kimberly Lupton, Teresa A. Faryna, Katherine M. Hynes, Kevin Reeves, William C. TI A train-the-trainer education and promotion program: chronic fatigue syndrome - a diagnostic and management challenge SO BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complicated illness for providers and patients. Fewer than 20% of persons with CFS have been diagnosed and treated. For providers, compounding the issue are the challenges in making a diagnosis due to the lack of a biomedical marker. Methods: The objective of the CFS diagnosis and management curriculum was to instruct core trainers as to the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of CFS. Over a two year period, 79 primary care physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners from diverse regions in the U. S. participated as core trainers in a two day Train-the-Trainer (TTT) workshop. As core trainers, the workshop participants were expected to show increases in knowledge, self-efficacy, and management skills with the primary goal of conducting secondary presentations. Results: The optimal goal for each core trainer to present secondary training to 50 persons in the health care field was not reached. However, the combined core trainer group successfully reached 2064 primary care providers. Eighty-two percent of core trainers responded "Very good" or "Excellent" in a post-tessurvey of self-efficacy expectation and CFS diagnosis. Data from the Chicago workshops showed significant improvement on the Primary Care Opinion Survey (p < 0.01) and on the Relevance and Responsibility Factors of the CAT survey (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). Dallas workshop data show a significant change from pre- to post-test scores on the CFS Knowledge test (p = 0.001). Qualitative and process evaluation data revealed that target audience and administrative barriers impacted secondary training feasibility. Conclusion: Data show the workshop was successful in meeting the objectives of increasing CFS knowledge and raising perceived self-efficacy towards making a diagnosis. The CFS TTT program informed an educational provider project by shifting the format for physicians to grand rounds and continuing medical education design while retaining TTT aspects for nurse practitioners and physicians assistants. Evaluations also indicate that secondary trainings may be more readily employed and accepted if administrative barriers are addressed early in the planning phases. C1 [Brimmer, Dana J.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McCleary, K. Kimberly; Lupton, Teresa A.; Faryna, Katherine M.] CFIDS Assoc Amer, Charlotte, NC USA. [Hynes, Kevin] Midwestern Univ, Illinois AHEC Program, Downers Grove, IL 60515 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dyv4@cdc.gov; KKMcCleary@cfids.org; tlupton1@suddenlink.net; KMFaryna@cfids.org; khynes@midwestern.edu; wcr1@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an agreement between the Department of Energy and CDC. We wish to thank Emory University students Leeanna Allen, Jessica Aungst, Kim Hiner, and Brian Kolodziejski for their assistance in the second evaluation of this project. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6920 J9 BMC MED EDUC JI BMC Med. Educ. PY 2008 VL 8 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1472-6920-8-49 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA V14LE UT WOS:000207735100049 PM 18922184 ER PT J AU Duncan, JR Randall, LL Belliveau, RA Trachtenberg, FL Randall, B Habbe, D Mandell, F Welty, TK Iyasu, S Kinney, HC AF Duncan, Jhodie R. Randall, Leslie L. Belliveau, Richard A. Trachtenberg, Felicia L. Randall, Bradley Habbe, Donald Mandell, Federick Welty, Thomas K. Iyasu, Solomon Kinney, Hannah C. TI The effect of maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy upon H-3-nicotine receptor brainstem binding in infants dying of the sudden infant death syndrome: Initial observations in a high risk population SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; NORTHERN PLAINS INDIANS; TOBACCO SMOKING; CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTOR; PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY; LOCUS-COERULEUS; RAPHE NEURONS; RAT-BRAIN; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION AB The high rate of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in American Indians in the Northern Plains (3.5/1000) may reflect the high incidence of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Nicotine, a neurotoxic component of cigarettes, and alcohol adversely affect nicotinic receptor binding and subsequent cholinergic development in animals. We measured H-3-nicotine receptor binding in 16 brainstem nuclei in American Indian SIDS (n = 27) and controls (n = 6). In five nuclei related to cardiorespiratory control, H-3-nicotinic binding decreased with increasing number of drinks (P < 0.03). There were no differences in binding in SIDS compared with controls, except upon stratification of prenatal exposures. In three mesopontine nuclei critical for arousal there were reductions (P < 0.04) in binding in controls exposed to cigarette smoke compared with controls without exposure; there was no difference between SIDS cases with or without exposure. This study suggests that maternal smoking and alcohol affects H-3-nicotinic binding in the infant brainstem irrespective of the cause of death. It also suggests that SIDS cases are unable to respond to maternal smoking with the "normal" reduction seen in controls. Future studies are needed to establish the role of adverse prenatal exposures in altered brainstem neurochemistry in SIDS. C1 [Duncan, Jhodie R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Duncan, Jhodie R.; Belliveau, Richard A.; Kinney, Hannah C.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mandell, Federick] Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Duncan, Jhodie R.; Randall, Leslie L.; Belliveau, Richard A.; Trachtenberg, Felicia L.; Randall, Bradley; Habbe, Donald; Mandell, Federick; Welty, Thomas K.; Iyasu, Solomon; Kinney, Hannah C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Randall, Leslie L.; Trachtenberg, Felicia L.; Iyasu, Solomon] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Trachtenberg, Felicia L.] New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. [Randall, Bradley] Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Habbe, Donald] Rapid City Reg Hosp, Dept Pathol, Rapid City, SD USA. [Welty, Thomas K.] Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Duncan, JR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Childrens Hosp Boston, Enders Room 1109,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jhodie.duncan@childrens.harvard.edu NR 51 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00093.x PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 254LA UT WOS:000252586900003 PM 17924983 ER PT J AU Stringer, EM Chia, BH Chintua, N Creek, TL Ekouevi, DK Coetzee, D Tih, P Boulle, A Dabis, F Shaffer, N Wilfertg, CM Stringer, JS AF Stringer, Elizabeth M. Chia, Benjamin H. Chintua, Namwinga Creek, Tracy L. Ekouevi, Didier K. Coetzee, David Tih, Pius Boulle, Andrew Dabis, Francois Shaffer, Nathan Wilfertg, Catherine M. Stringer, Jeffrey Sa TI Monitoring effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in lower-income countries SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; WIDE PROGRAM; VIRAL LOAD; MORTALITY AB Ambitious goals for paediatric AIDS control have been set by various international bodies, including a 50% reduction in new paediatric infections by 2010. While these goals are clearly appropriate in their scope, the lack of clarity and consensus around how to monitor the effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) makes it difficult for policy-makers to mount a coordinated response. In this paper, we develop the case for using population HIV-free child survival as a gold standard metric to measure the effectiveness of PMTCT programmes, and go on to consider multiple study designs and source populations. Finally, we propose a novel community survey-based approach that could be implemented widely throughout the developing world with minor modifications to ongoing Demographic and Health Surveys. C1 [Stringer, Elizabeth M.; Chia, Benjamin H.; Chintua, Namwinga; Stringer, Jeffrey Sa] CIDRZ, Lusaka, Zambia. [Creek, Tracy L.; Shaffer, Nathan] Global AIDS Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ekouevi, Didier K.] PAC CI Programme, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Coetzee, David; Boulle, Andrew] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Tih, Pius] Cameroon baptist Convent Hlth Board, Nso, Norwest Prov, Cameroon. [Dabis, Francois] Univ Victor Segalen, ISPED, Boudeaux, France. [Wilfertg, Catherine M.] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Stringer, EM (reprint author), CIDRZ, Plot 5977,Benakale Rd, Lusaka, Zambia. EM eli@uab.edu RI EKOUEVI, Didier/E-7960-2014 NR 35 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.2471/BLT.07.043117 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250XT UT WOS:000252335300014 PM 18235891 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, Steven S. TI Surviving cancer or other serious illness: A review of individual and community resources SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Review ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BREAST-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; SPIRITUALITY; RESILIENCE; HEALTH; WOMEN; SURVIVORSHIP; CARE AB In order to provide appropriate individual and community support for cancer survivors, there is a great need to better understand how people who have survived cancer or other serious illness adapt positively to health challenges and to identify effective approaches for helping people cope with health challenges over their lifetime. Studies have identified a number of personal factors that are associated with resilience, increased quality of life, and positive adaptation to illness. Of particular interest is the ability of individuals to survive or even thrive despite an adverse event, as influenced by both individual factors such as resiliency and external factors like social support. The experience of having a potentially life-threatening illness can lead to positive adaptation and increased ability to thrive despite difficult circumstances. The cancer survivorship movement and the cancer community in general provide important resources for improving quality of life and alleviating human suffering and distress among patients and survivors and for adding personal meaning and hope to people's lives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.3322/CA.2007.0001 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 248OA UT WOS:000252162000007 PM 18083916 ER PT J AU Olson, CK Ethelberg, S van Pelt, W Tauxe, RV AF Olson, Christine K. Ethelberg, Steen van Pelt, Wilfrid Tauxe, Robert V. BE Nachamkin, I Szymanski, CM Blaser, MJ TI Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Infections in Industrialized Nations SO CAMPYLOBACTER, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER; FOODBORNE-DISEASE OUTBREAKS; RISK-FACTORS; BROILER FLOCKS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; COLI ENTERITIS; NEW-ZEALAND C1 [Olson, Christine K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ethelberg, Steen] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [van Pelt, Wilfrid] Rijksinst Volksgezondheid Milieu, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance, NL-3721 MA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Tauxe, Robert V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Olson, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 198 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-437-3 PY 2008 BP 163 EP 189 PG 27 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BPH83 UT WOS:000278888200010 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Whichard, J Nachamkin, I AF Fitzgerald, Collette Whichard, Jean Nachamkin, Irving BE Nachamkin, I Szymanski, CM Blaser, MJ TI Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter Species SO CAMPYLOBACTER, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; JEJUNI SUBSP-JEJUNI; CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER; BETA-LACTAM AGENTS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; QUALITY-CONTROL RANGES; BLOOD CULTURE SYSTEMS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; SELECTIVE MEDIUM C1 [Fitzgerald, Collette; Whichard, Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nachamkin, Irving] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 223 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-437-3 PY 2008 BP 227 EP 243 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BPH83 UT WOS:000278888200013 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Stroika, SG Fitzgerald, C AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Stroika, Steven G. Fitzgerald, Collette BE Nachamkin, I Szymanski, CM Blaser, MJ TI National Molecular Subtyping Network for Food-Borne Bacterial Disease Surveillance in the United States SO CAMPYLOBACTER, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SMAI-DEFINED GENOTYPES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PULSENET USA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PROTOCOL; OUTBREAKS C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Stroika, Steven G.; Fitzgerald, Collette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop CO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-437-3 PY 2008 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BPH83 UT WOS:000278888200016 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Tucker, TC Jamison, PM Martin, H McLaughlin, C Bayakly, R Bolick-Aldrich, S Colsher, P Indian, R Knight, K Neloms, S Wilson, R Richards, TB AF Wingo, Phyllis A. Tucker, Thomas C. Jamison, Patricia M. Martin, Howard McLaughlin, Colleen Bayakly, Rana Bolick-Aldrich, Susan Colsher, Pat Indian, Robert Knight, Karen Neloms, Stacey Wilson, Reda Richards, Thomas B. TI Cancer in Appalachia, 2001-2003 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer incidence; Appalachia; health disparities; National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR); SEER ID POPULATION; CARCINOMA; HEALTH; BREAST; RATES; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. Researchers have not been able to examine cancer incidence rates in Appalachia because high-quality data have not been uniformly available across the region. This study is the first to report cancer incidence rates for a large proportion of the Appalachian population and describe the differences in incidence rates between Northern, Central, and Southern Appalachia. METHODS. Forty-four states and the District of Columbia provided information for the diagnosis years 2001 through 2003 from cancer registries that met high-quality data criteria. Eleven of 13 states with counties in Appalachia, covering 88% of the Appalachian population, met these criteria; Virginia and Mississippi were included for 2003 only SEER*Stat was used to calculate age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population and 95% gamma confidence limits. RESULTS. Overall, cancer incidence rates were higher in Appalachia than in the rest of the US; the rates for lung, colon/rectum, and other tobacco-related cancers were particularly high. Central Appalachia had the highest rates of lung (men: 143.8; women: 75.2) and cervical cancer (11.2)-higher that the other 2 regions and the rest of the US. Northern Appalachia had the highest rates for prostate, female breast, and selected other sites, and Southern Appalachia had the lowest overall cancer incidence rates. CONCLUSIONS. Cancer incidence rates in Appalachia are higher than in the rest of the US, and they vary substantially between regions. Additional studies are needed to understand how these variations within Appalachia are associated with lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, urban/rural residence, and access to care. C1 [Wingo, Phyllis A.; Wilson, Reda; Richards, Thomas B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tucker, Thomas C.] Kentucky Canc Reg, Lexington, KY USA. [Martin, Howard] Virginia Canc Reg, Richmond, VA USA. [McLaughlin, Colleen] New York State Canc Reg, Albany, NY USA. [Bayakly, Rana] Georgia Comprehens Canc Reg, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bolick-Aldrich, Susan] S Corolina Cent Canc Reg, Columbia, SC USA. [Colsher, Pat] W Virginia Canc Reg, Charleston, WV USA. [Indian, Robert] Ohio Canc Incedence Surveillance Syst, Columbus, OH USA. [Knight, Karen] N Carolina Cent Canc Reg, Raleigh, NC USA. [Neloms, Stacey] Maryland Canc Reg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Jamison, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop MS, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM pmj2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1002/cncr.23132 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 246GB UT WOS:000251994400024 PM 18000806 ER PT J AU Panicker, G Emanuele, VA Gurbaxani, BM Lee, DR Unger, ER AF Panicker, Gitika Emanuele, Vincent A., II Gurbaxani, Brian M. Lee, Daisy R. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Enroute to protein biomarker discovery for early detection of cervical cancer SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Panicker, Gitika; Emanuele, Vincent A., II; Gurbaxani, Brian M.; Lee, Daisy R.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 165 EP 166 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300078 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM Cortese, MM Thompson, WW Sanden, GN Strebel, PM AF Baughman, Andrew L. Bisgard, Kristine M. Cortese, Margaret M. Thompson, William W. Sanden, Gary N. Strebel, Peter M. TI Utility of composite reference standards and latent class analysis in evaluating the clinical accuracy of diagnostic tests for pertussis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DETECTING CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; GOLD-STANDARD; DISEASE PREVALENCE; EDITORIAL RESPONSE; TEST SENSITIVITY; BIAS AB Numerous evaluations of the clinical sensitivity and specificity of PCR and serologic assays for Bordetella pertussis have been hampered by the low sensitivity of culture, the gold standard test, which leads to biased accuracy estimates. The bias can be reduced by using statistical approaches such as the composite reference standard (CRS) (e. g., positive if culture or serology positive; negative otherwise) or latent class analysis (LCA), an internal reference standard based on a statistical model. We illustrated the benefits of the CRS and LCA approaches by reanalyzing data from a 1995 to 1996 study of cough illness among 212 patients. The accuracy of PCR in this study was evaluated using three reference standards: culture, CRS, and LCA. Using specimens obtained 0 to 34 days after cough onset, estimates of the sensitivity of PCR obtained using CRS (47%) and LCA (34%) were lower than the culture-based estimate (62%). The CRS and LCA approaches, which utilized more than one diagnostic marker of pertussis, likely produced more accurate reference standards than culture alone. In general, the CRS approach is simple, with a well-defined disease status. LCA requires statistical modeling but incorporates more indicators of disease than CRS. When three or more indicators of pertussis are available, these approaches should be used in evaluations of pertussis diagnostic tests. C1 [Baughman, Andrew L.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Sanden, Gary N.; Strebel, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Bisgard, Kristine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Thompson, William W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ALB1@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1128/CVI.00223-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340BE UT WOS:000258620300013 PM 17989336 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Jain, RB Koontz, D AF Fazili, Zia Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Mindy Jain, Ram B. Koontz, Deborah TI Influence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism on whole-blood folate concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS, microbiologic assay, and bio-rad radioassay SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; COMMON MUTATION; C677T POLYMORPHISM; SERUM; PLASMA; CELLS; GENE AB BACKGROUND: The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism may affect whole-blood folate pattern measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and total folate measured by LC-MS/MS, microbiologic assay, and Bio-Rad radioassay (BR). METHODS: We analyzed 171 whole blood hemolysates from 2 blood banks for folate pattern and total folate concentrations using these 3 methods and determined MTHFR genotype. RESULTS: The median (range) total folate concentration by LC-MS/MS was higher in the US set [378 (228-820) nmol/L; n=96] than in the European set [250 (122582) nmol/L; n=75]. The whole-blood folate pattern [median (range)] was similar for individuals with C/C (n=73) and C/T (n=66) genotype: 88% (71%-91%) and 86% (50%-91%), respectively, for 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5CH(3)THF) vs 12% (9%-29%) and 14% (9%-51%) for forms other than 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (non-5CH(3)THF). Individuals with T/T (n=32) genotype had 58% (22%-87%) 5CH3THF vs 42% (13%-78%) non-5CH(3)THF. Compared with microbiologic assay results, LC-MS/MS (r=0.94) and BR (r=0.87) results were significantly lower (-10% and -45%, respectively); however, these differences were concentration dependent and also genotype dependent for the BR assay (-48% for C/C+C/T and -31% for T/T). The microbiologic assay completely recovered [mean (SD)] folates added to a whole blood hemolysate, except for tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) [46.4% (8.1%)]. The BR assay underrecovered 5CH(3)THF [51% (4.1%)] and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid [18% (0.1%)], and overrecovered THF [152% (19%)]. CONCLUSION: MTHFR C677T polymorphism influences the folate pattern in whole blood. The agreement between total folate by LC-MS/MS and microbiologic assay, independent of the MTHFR genotype, allows the use of one regression equation. Because BR results are genotype dependent, different regression equations should be used. C1 [Fazili, Zia; Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Zhang, Mindy; Jain, Ram B.; Koontz, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mail Stop F55, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.096545 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 250JJ UT WOS:000252295600029 PM 18160726 ER PT J AU Ortega-Sanchez, IR Meltzer, MI Shepard, C Zell, E Messonnier, ML Bilukha, O Zhang, X Stephens, DS Messonnier, NE AF Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Meltzer, Martin I. Shepard, Colin Zell, Elizabeth Messonnier, Mark L. Bilukha, Oleg Zhang, Xinzhi Stephens, David S. Messonnier, Nancy E. CA Act Bac Core Surveillance Team TI Economics of an adolescent meningococcal conjugate vaccination catch-up campaign in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; COCHLEAR IMPLANT; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; DISEASE; CHILDREN; STRATEGIES; ENGLAND; ADULTS; OPPORTUNITIES AB Background. In June 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the newly licensed quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine for routine use among all US children aged 11 years. A 1-time catch-up vaccination campaign for children and adolescents aged 11-17 years, followed by routine annual immunization of each child aged 11 years, could generate immediate herd immunity benefits. The objective of our study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of a catch-up vaccination campaign with quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine for children and adolescents aged 11-17 years. Methods. We built a probabilistic model of disease burden and economic impacts for a 10-year period with and without a program of adolescent catch-up meningococcal vaccination, followed by 9 years of routine immunization of children aged 11 years. We used US age- and serogroup-specific surveillance data on incidence and mortality. Assumptions related to the impact of herd immunity were drawn from experience with routine meningococcal vaccination in the United Kingdom. We estimated costs per case, deaths prevented, life-years saved, and quality-adjusted life-years saved. Results. With herd immunity, the catch-up and routine vaccination program for adolescents would prevent 8251 cases of meningococcal disease in a 10-year period (a 48% decrease). Excluding program costs, this catch-up and routine vaccination program would save US$551 million in direct costs and $920 million in indirect costs, including costs associated with permanent disability and premature death. At $83 per vaccinee, the catch-up vaccination would cost society similar to$223,000 per case averted, similar to$2.6 million per death prevented, similar to$127,000 per life-year saved, and similar to$88,000 per quality-adjusted life-year saved. Targeting counties with a high incidence of disease decreased the cost per life-year saved by two-thirds. Conclusions. Although costly, catch-up and routine vaccination of adolescents can have a substantial impact on meningococcal disease burden. Because of herd immunity, catch-up and routine vaccination cost per life-year saved could be up to one-third less than that previously assessed for routine vaccination of children aged I I years. C1 [Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.; Zell, Elizabeth; Messonnier, Mark L.; Messonnier, Nancy E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Meltzer, Martin I.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shepard, Colin; Bilukha, Oleg; Zhang, Xinzhi; Stephens, David S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stephens, David S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ortega-Sanchez, IR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Iiao8@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1086/524041 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 245JP UT WOS:000251931200001 PM 18171206 ER PT J AU Polgreen, PM Chen, Y Beekmann, S Srinivasan, A Neill, MA Gay, T Cavanaugh, JE AF Polgreen, Philip M. Chen, Yiyi Beekmann, Susan Srinivasan, Arjun Neill, Marguerite A. Gay, Ted Cavanaugh, Joseph E. CA Infect Dis Soc Amer Emer Infect N TI Elements of influenza vaccination programs that predict higher vaccination rates: Results of an emerging infections network survey SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; ATTITUDES; EPIDEMIC AB Introduction. To address suboptimal influenza vaccination rates among health care workers, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently issued recommendations designed to increase the number of health care workers vaccinated against influenza. The purpose of the present study was to determine how widely these recommendations have been implemented and to identify important elements of successful influenza vaccine programs. Methods. The Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network surveyed 991 infectious diseases consultants. Infectious diseases consultants were asked about vaccination programs and vaccination rates at their respective institutions. Multinomial logistic regression models based on proportional odds were used to determine predictors of vaccination-rate categories. All program elements were significant univariable factors in predicting vaccination rates. Because the program elements were highly associated with one another, principal components analysis was used to find combinations of the covariates that would serve as optimal predictors of higher vaccination rates. Results. Most infectious diseases consultants indicated that the vaccination rate for all health care workers in their institution had a range of 41%-60%. Vaccination rates were significantly higher in institutions that required signed declination statements (P=.004). In the model based on principal components analysis for predicting institutional vaccination rates, only the first principal component warranted retention (P <.001). In this component, the program elements weighted the most heavily were (1) offering the influenza vaccine free of charge, (2) providing adequate staff and resources, and (3) educating targeted groups of health care workers. Requiring signed declinations was not heavily weighted. Conclusion. Influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal, and hospitals have not completely implemented the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee-Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations to maximize vaccination rates. C1 [Polgreen, Philip M.; Beekmann, Susan] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA USA. [Polgreen, Philip M.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Chen, Yiyi; Cavanaugh, Joseph E.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA. [Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Neill, Marguerite A.] Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. [Gay, Ted] Tri City Med Ctr, Oceanside, CA USA. RP Polgreen, PM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM philip-polgreen@uiowa.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 16 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1086/523586 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 245JP UT WOS:000251931200002 PM 18171207 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Mac Kenzie, WR AF Cain, Kevin P. Mac Kenzie, William R. TI Overcoming the limits of tuberculosis prevention among foreign-born individuals: Next steps toward eliminating tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS C1 [Cain, Kevin P.; Mac Kenzie, William R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1086/523732 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 245JP UT WOS:000251931200018 PM 18171223 ER PT J AU Bodamer, O De Jesus, V Keutzer, J Zhang, K Hwu, WL Muhl, A AF Bodamer, Olaf De Jesus, Victor Keutzer, Joan Zhang, Kate Hwu, Wuh-Liang Muehl, Adolf TI Screening of newborns for Pompe disease and/or other lysosomal storage disorders SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd European Symposium on Steps Forward in Pompe Disease CY NOV 09-10, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE C1 [Bodamer, Olaf; Muehl, Adolf] Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Biochem Genet, Vienna, Austria. [De Jesus, Victor] Newborn Screening Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keutzer, Joan; Zhang, Kate] Genzyme Corp, Framingham, MA USA. [Hwu, Wuh-Liang] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PY 2008 VL 30 SU A BP S8 EP S8 DI 10.1016/S0149-2918(08)80022-7 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 280ZZ UT WOS:000254467000007 ER PT J AU Bodamer, OA Dajnoki, A Fekete, G Keutzer, J Orsini, J DeJesus, VR Zhang, K Muhl, A AF Bodamer, Olaf A. Dajnoki, Angela Fekete, Gyoergy Keutzer, Joan Orsini, Joseph DeJesus, Victor R. Zhang, Kate Muehl, Adolf TI Newborn Screening of Lysosomal Storage Disorders in Austria SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Symposium on Lysosomal Storage Disorders CY APR 10-12, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POMPE-DISEASE C1 [Bodamer, Olaf A.; Dajnoki, Angela; Muehl, Adolf] Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Biochem & Paediat Genet, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Dajnoki, Angela; Fekete, Gyoergy] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Paediat 2, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. [Keutzer, Joan; Zhang, Kate] Genzyme Corp, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. [Orsini, Joseph] New York Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [DeJesus, Victor R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM olaf.bodamer@meduniwien.ac.at NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PY 2008 VL 30 SU C BP S78 EP S78 DI 10.1016/S0149-2918(08)00359-7 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373AI UT WOS:000260943000004 ER PT J AU van Capelle, CI Winkel, LPF Hagemans, MLC Shapira, SK Arts, WFM van Doorn, PA Hop, WJC Reuser, AJJ van der Ploeg, AT AF van Capelle, C. I. Winkel, L. P. F. Hagemans, M. L. C. Shapira, S. K. Arts, W. F. M. van Doorn, P. A. Hop, W. J. C. Reuser, A. J. J. van der Ploeg, A. T. TI RESULTS OF EIGHT YEARS OF TREATMENT IN TWO ADOLESCENTS AND ONE ADULT WITH POMPE DISEASE SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Symposium on Lysosomal Storage Disorders CY APR 10-12, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE C1 [van Capelle, C. I.; Winkel, L. P. F.; Hagemans, M. L. C.; van der Ploeg, A. T.] Erasmus MC Sophia, Dept Paediat, Div Metab Dis & Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Shapira, S. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Paediat Genet Team, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arts, W. F. M.; van Doorn, P. A.] Erasmus MC Sophia, Dept Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Arts, W. F. M.; van Doorn, P. A.] Erasmus MC Sophia, Dept Child Neurol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hop, W. J. C.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Capelle, C. I.; Reuser, A. J. J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PY 2008 VL 30 SU C BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373AI UT WOS:000260943000067 ER PT J AU Sutter, ME Hon, S Chang, A Schwartz, M Algren, DA Schier, J Lando, J AF Sutter, M. E. Hon, S. Chang, A. Schwartz, M. Algren, D. A. Schier, J. Lando, J. TI Hazardous materials incidents: Should poison centers be more involved? SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutter, M. E.; Chang, A.; Schwartz, M.; Schier, J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sutter, M. E.; Schwartz, M.; Algren, D. A.; Schier, J.; Lando, J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 4 BP 591 EP 591 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900005 ER PT J AU Sutter, ME Thomas, JD Caldwell, KL Makhmudov, A Morgan, BW AF Sutter, M. E. Thomas, J. D. Caldwell, K. L. Makhmudov, A. Morgan, B. W. TI Selenosis from nutritional supplement formulation error SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutter, M. E.; Thomas, J. D.; Morgan, B. W.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sutter, M. E.; Thomas, J. D.; Morgan, B. W.] Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Sutter, M. E.; Thomas, J. D.; Caldwell, K. L.; Makhmudov, A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Makhmudov, Amir/B-6114-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 42 BP 598 EP 598 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900043 ER PT J AU Kleiman, RJ Morgan, BW Osterloh, JD Dell'Aglio, DM Caldwell, KL Freedman, CG Verdon, CP Thomas, JD AF Kleiman, R. J. Morgan, B. W. Osterloh, J. D. Dell'Aglio, D. M. Caldwell, K. L. Freedman, C. G. Verdon, C. P. Thomas, J. D. TI Lack of conversion to inorganic arsenic after ingestion of a monosodium acid methanearsonate herbicide SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kleiman, R. J.; Morgan, B. W.; Dell'Aglio, D. M.; Thomas, J. D.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kleiman, R. J.; Osterloh, J. D.; Caldwell, K. L.; Freedman, C. G.; Verdon, C. P.; Thomas, J. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kleiman, R. J.; Morgan, B. W.; Dell'Aglio, D. M.; Thomas, J. D.] GA Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 85 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900086 ER PT J AU Sutter, ME Bronstein, AC Heard, SE Barthold, CL Algren, DA Lando, J Shier, JG AF Sutter, M. E. Bronstein, A. C. Heard, S. E. Barthold, C. L. Algren, D. A. Lando, J. Shier, J. G. TI The current role of clinical toxicology and poison centers in local and state public health SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutter, M. E.; Algren, D. A.; Lando, J.; Shier, J. G.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barthold, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 149 BP 617 EP 617 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900150 ER PT J AU Sutter, ME Moore, Z Schier, J Thomas, JD Wang, RY Lando, J AF Sutter, M. E. Moore, Z. Schier, J. Thomas, J. D. Wang, R. Y. Lando, J. TI Acute renal failure following injections of silicone dermal filler by an unlicensed practitioner SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutter, M. E.; Moore, Z.; Schier, J.; Thomas, J. D.; Wang, R. Y.; Lando, J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sutter, M. E.; Schier, J.; Thomas, J. D.; Wang, R. Y.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 241 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900242 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Lopez, LM Grimes, DA Schulz, KF Helmerhorst, FM AF Gallo, M. F. Lopez, L. M. Grimes, D. A. Schulz, K. F. Helmerhorst, F. M. TI Combination contraceptives: effects on weight SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; 20 MU-G; G ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL-TRIAL; 3 MG DROSPIRENONE; CYCLE CONTROL; G ETHINYLESTRADIOL; BODY-WEIGHT; VAGINAL RING AB Background Weight gain is often considered a side effect of combination hormonal contraceptives, and many women and clinicians believe that an association exists. Concern about weight gain can limit the use of this highly effective method of contraception by deterring the initiation of its use and causing early discontinuation among users. However, a causal relationship between combination contraceptives and weight gain has not been established. Objectives The aim of the review was to evaluate the potential association between combination contraceptive use and changes in weight. Search strategy We searched the computerized databases MEDLINE, POPLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and LILACS for studies of combination contraceptives, as well as clinical trials databases. We also wrote to known investigators and manufacturers to request information about other published or unpublished trials not discovered in our search. Selection criteria All English-language, randomized controlled trials were eligible if they had at least three treatment cycles and compared a combination contraceptive to a placebo or to a combination contraceptive that differed in drug, dosage, regimen, or study length. Data collection and analysis All titles and abstracts located in the literature searches were assessed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan, and a second author verified the data entered. Depending on the data available, the mean difference using a fixed effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the mean change in weight between baseline and post-treatment measurements or the Peto odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated using the proportion of women who gained or lost more than a specified amount of weight. Main results The three placebo-controlled, randomized trials did not find evidence supporting a causal association between combination oral contraceptives or a combination skin patch and weight gain. Most comparisons of different combination contraceptives showed no substantial difference in weight. In addition, discontinuation of combination contraceptives because of weight gain did not differ between groups where this was studied. Authors' conclusions Available evidence was insufficient to determine the effect of combination contraceptives on weight, but no large effect was evident. C1 [Lopez, L. M.; Grimes, D. A.] Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gallo, M. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schulz, K. F.] Family Hlth Int, Quantitat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Helmerhorst, F. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gynaecol, Div Reprod Med, Leiden, Netherlands. [Helmerhorst, F. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lopez, LM (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM llopez@fhi.org NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-493X EI 1361-6137 J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2008 IS 4 AR CD003987 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD003987.pub3 PG 101 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 358CU UT WOS:000259895000126 PM 18843652 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Nanda, K Grimes, DA Lopez, LM Schulz, KF AF Gallo, Maria F. Nanda, Kavita Grimes, David A. Lopez, Laureen M. Schulz, Kenneth F. TI 20 mu g versus > 20 mu g estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID G ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; LOW-DOSE CONTRACEPTIVES; PILL-FREE INTERVAL; CYCLE CONTROL; G GESTODENE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; G ETHINYLESTRADIOL; LIPID-METABOLISM; G DESOGESTREL; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES AB Background Concern about estrogen-related adverse effects has led to progressive reductions in the estrogen dose in combination oral contraceptives (COCs). However, reducing the amount of estrogen to improve safety could result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness and unacceptable changes in bleeding patterns. Objectives To test the hypothesis that COCs containing <= 20 mu g ethinyl estradiol (EE) perform similarly as those containing > 20 mu g in terms of contraceptive effectiveness, bleeding patterns, discontinuation, and side effects. Search strategy We searched computerized databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and POPLINE) up to January 2008, and searched the references of eligible trials. We wrote to oral contraceptive manufacturers to identify eligible trials. Selection criteria English-language reports of randomized controlled trials were eligible that compare a COC containing > 20 mu g EE with a COC containing > 20 mu g EE. We excluded studies where the interventions were designed to be administered for less than three consecutive cycles or to be used primarily as treatment for non-contraceptive conditions. Trials had to report on contraceptive effectiveness, bleeding patterns, trial discontinuation due to bleeding-related reasons or other side effects, or side effects to be included in the review. Data collection and analysis The primary reviewer evaluated all titles and abstracts located in the literature searches to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the studies identified for inclusion. We wrote to the authors when clarifications or additional data were needed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan 4.2. Main results No differences were found in contraceptive effectiveness for the 13 COC pairs for which this outcome was reported. Compared to the higher-estrogen pills, several COCs containing 20 mu g EE resulted in higher rates of early trial discontinuation (overall and due to adverse events such as irregular bleeding) as well as increased risk of bleeding disturbances (both amenorrhea or infrequent bleeding and irregular, prolonged, frequent bleeding, or breakthrough bleeding or spotting). Authors' conclusions While COCs containing 20 mu g EE may be theoretically safer, this review did not focus on the rare events required to assess this hypothesis. Data from existing randomized controlled trials are inadequate to detect possible differences in contraceptive effectiveness. Low-dose estrogen COCs resulted in higher rates of bleeding pattern disruptions. However, most trials compared COCs containing different progestin types, and changes in bleeding patterns could be related to progestin type as well as estrogen dose. Higher follow-up rates are essential for meaningful interpretation of results. C1 [Gallo, Maria F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nanda, Kavita; Grimes, David A.; Lopez, Laureen M.] Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Schulz, Kenneth F.] Family Hlth Int, Quantitat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgallo@cdc.gov NR 105 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1469-493X EI 1361-6137 J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2008 IS 4 AR CD003989 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD003989.pub3 PG 135 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 358CU UT WOS:000259895000127 PM 18843653 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Grimes, DA Lopez, LM Schulz, KF d'Arcangues, C AF Gallo, Maria F. Grimes, David A. Lopez, Laureen M. Schulz, Kenneth F. d'Arcangues, Catherine TI Combination injectable contraceptives for contraception SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ONCE-A-MONTH; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL-TRIAL; VAGINAL BLEEDING PATTERNS; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; DIHYDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETOPHENIDE; ESTRADIOL ENANTHATE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; CHINESE WOMEN; 25 MG AB Background Combination injectable contraceptives provide a highly effective, reversible method of preventing pregnancy, and they do not require daily administration or use at the time of coitus. Although they are used in many countries, their acceptability could be limited by method characteristics, such as the need to obtain a monthly injection or bleeding pattern changes. Objectives To assess the contraceptive efficacy, bleeding patterns, discontinuation, user preferences, and side effects of combination injectable contraceptives. Search strategy We searched computerized databases for randomized controlled trials of combination injectable contraceptives. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials were eligible if they compared a combination injectable with any other contraceptive method (e.g., a second combination injectable contraceptive, progestin-only injectable contraceptive, other hormonal contraceptive or barrier method) or placebo. We limited the review to currently marketed combination injectable contraceptives. Data collection and analysis One author evaluated all titles and abstracts from the literature searches to determine their eligibility. Two authors independently extracted data from the eligible trials. Data on contraceptive efficacy, bleeding patterns, continuation, and side effects were entered and analyzed with RevMan. Main results Combination injectable contraceptives include depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 25 mg plus estradiol cypionate (E(2)C) 5 mg, as well as norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) 50 mg plus estradiol valerate (E(2)V) 5 mg. These contraceptives resulted in lower rates of early study discontinuation due to amenorrhea or other bleeding problems than progestin-only contraceptives. However, rates were higher for overall discontinuation and discontinuation due to other medical reasons. Acceptability results favored the combination injectable in one study and the progestin-only in another. Studies comparing two combination injectable contraceptives found that NET-EN 50 mg plus E(2)V 5 mg resulted in less overall discontinuation and less discontinuation due to amenorrhea or prolonged bleeding than DMPA 25 mg plus E(2)C 5 mg. However, these differences were not detected in all trials. The NET-EN plus E(2)V group also had more regular bleeding and fewer prolonged bleeding reference periods than the DMPA plus E(2)C group. The groups did not differ in their amenorrhea rates. Authors' conclusions While discontinuation rates can be viewed as a measure of method acceptability, the findings should be interpreted with caution since discontinuation depends on many factors. Future research should be directed toward interventions to improve the acceptability of combination injectable contraceptives, such as providing injections in settings more convenient than clinics, methods for women to administer their own injections, and counseling about possible bleeding C1 [Grimes, David A.; Lopez, Laureen M.] Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gallo, Maria F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schulz, Kenneth F.] Family Hlth Int, Quantitat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [d'Arcangues, Catherine] WHO, Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Grimes, DA (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, Behav & Biomed Res, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dgrimes@fhi.org NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2008 IS 4 AR CD004568 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004568.pub3 PG 72 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 358CU UT WOS:000259895000131 PM 18843662 ER PT J AU Johnson, WD Diaz, RM Flanders, WD Goodman, M Hill, AN Holtgrave, D Malow, R McClellan, WM AF Johnson, Wayne D. Diaz, Rafael M. Flanders, William D. Goodman, Michael Hill, Andrew N. Holtgrave, David Malow, Robert McClellan, William M. TI Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LATINO GAY MEN; COGNITIVE COPING INTERVENTION; BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG MEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; UNITED-STATES; POSITIVE MEN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain at great risk for HIV infection. Program planners and policy makers need descriptions of interventions and quantitative estimates of intervention effects to make informed decisions concerning prevention funding and research. The number of intervention strategies for MSM that have been examined with strong research designs has increased substantially in the past few years. Objectives 1. To locate and describe outcome studies evaluating the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions for MSM. 2. To summarize the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing unprotected anal sex. 3. To identify study characteristics associated with effectiveness. 4. To identify gaps and indicate future research, policy, and practice needs. Search strategy We searched electronic databases, current journals, manuscripts submitted by researchers, bibliographies of relevant articles, conference proceedings, and other reviews for published and unpublished reports from 1988 through December 2007. We also asked researchers working in HIV prevention about new and ongoing studies. Selection criteria Studies were considered in scope if they examined the effects of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing risk for HIV or STD transmission among MSM. We reviewed studies in scope for criteria of outcome relevance (measurement of at least one of a list of behavioral or biologic outcomes, e. g., unprotected sex or incidence of HIV infections) and methodologic rigor (randomized controlled trials or certain strong quasi-experimental designs with comparison groups). Data collection and analysis We used fixed and random effects models to summarize rate ratios (RR) comparing intervention and control groups with respect to count outcomes (number of occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex), and corresponding prevalence ratios (PR) for dichotomous outcomes (any unprotected anal sex vs. none). We used published formulas to convert effect sizes and their variances for count and dichotomous outcomes where necessary. We accounted for intraclass correlation (ICC) in community- level studies and adjusted for baseline conditions in all studies. We present separate results by intervention format (small group, individual, or community-level) and by type of intervention delivered to the comparison group (minimal or no HIV prevention in the comparison condition versus standard or other HIV prevention in the comparison condition). We examine rate ratios stratified according to characteristics of participants, design, implementation, and intervention content. For small group and individual-level interventions we used a stepwise selection process to identify a multivariable model of predictors of reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex. We used funnel plots to examine publication bias, and Q (a chi-squared statistic with degrees of freedom = number of interventions minus 1) to test for heterogeneity. Main results We found 44 studies evaluating 58 interventions with 18,585 participants. Formats included 26 small group interventions, 21 individual-level interventions, and 11 community- level interventions. Sixteen of the 58 interventions focused on HIV-positives. The 40 interventions that were measured against minimal to no HIV prevention intervention reduced occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15% to 37%). The other 18 interventions reduced unprotected anal sex by 17% beyond changes observed in standard or other interventions (CI = 5% to 27%). Intervention effects were statistically homogeneous, and no independent variable was statistically significantly associated with intervention effects at alpha=.05. However, a multivariable model selected by backward stepwise elimination identified four study characteristics associated with reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex among small group and individual-level interventions at alpha=.10. The most favorable reductions in episodes of or partners for unprotected anal sex (33% to 35% decreases) were observed among studies with count outcomes, those with shorter intervention spans (<= 1 month), those with better retention in the intervention condition than in the comparison condition, and those with minimal to no HIV prevention intervention delivered to the comparison condition. Because there were only 11 community- level studies we did not search for a multivariable model for community- level interventions. In stratified analyses including only one variable at a time, the greatest reductions (40% to 54% decreases) in number of episodes of or partners for unprotected anal sex among community- level interventions were observed among studies where groups were assigned randomly rather than by convenience, studies with shorter recall periods and longer follow-up, studies with more than 25% non-gay identifying MSM, studies in which at least 90% of participants were white, and studies in which the intervention addressed development of personal skills. Authors' conclusions Behavioral interventions reduce self-reported unprotected anal sex among MSM. These results indicate that HIV prevention for this population can work and should be supported. Results of previous studies provide a benchmark for expectations in new studies. Meta-analysis can inform future design and implementation in terms of sample size, target populations, settings, goals for process measures, and intervention content. When effects differ by design variables, which are deliberately selected and planned, awareness of these characteristics may be beneficial to future designs. Researchers designing future small group and individual-level studies should keep in mind that to date, effects of the greatest magnitude have been observed in studies that used count outcomes and a shorter intervention span (up to 1 month). Among small group and individual-level studies, effects were also greatest when the comparison condition included minimal to no HIV prevention content. Nevertheless, statistically significant favorable effects were also seen when the comparison condition included standard or other HIV prevention content. Researchers choosing the latter option for new studies should plan for larger sample sizes based on the smaller expected net intervention effect noted above. When effects differ by implementation variables, which become evident as the study is conducted but are not usually selected or planned, caution may be advised so that future studies can reduce bias. Because intervention effects were somewhat stronger (though not statistically significantly so) in studies with a greater attrition in the comparison condition, differential retention may be a threat to validity. Extra effort should be given to retaining participants in comparison conditions. Among community-level interventions, intervention effects were strongest among studies with random assignment of groups or communities. Therefore the inclusion of studies where assignment of groups or communities was by convenience did not exaggerate the summary effect. The greater effectiveness of interventions including more than 25% non-gay identifying MSM suggests that when they can be reached, these men may be more responsive than gay-identified men to risk reduction efforts. Non-gay identified MSM may have had less exposure to previous prevention messages, so their initial exposure may have a greater impact. The greater effectiveness of interventions that include efforts to promote personal skills such as keeping condoms available and behavioral self-management indicates that such content merits strong consideration in development and delivery of new interventions for MSM. And the finding that interventions were most effective for majority white populations underscores the critical need for effective interventions for MSM of African and Latino descent. Further research measuring the incidence of HIV and other STDs is needed. Because most studies were conducted among mostly white men in the US and Europe, more evaluations of interventions are needed for African American and Hispanic MSM as well as MSM in the developing world. More research is also needed to further clarify which behavioral strategies (e. g., reducing unprotected anal sex, having oral sex instead of anal sex, reducing number of partners, avoiding serodiscordant partners, strategic positioning, or reducing anal sex even with condom use) are most effective in reducing transmission among MSM, the messages most effective in promoting these behaviors, and the methods and settings in which these messages can be most effectively delivered. C1 [Johnson, Wayne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Diaz, Rafael M.] San Francisco State Univ, Ctr Community Res, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Flanders, William D.; Goodman, Michael; Hill, Andrew N.; Holtgrave, David; McClellan, William M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Malow, Robert] Florida Int Univ, Stempel Sch Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Malow, Robert] Florida Int Univ, AIDS Prevent Program, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Johnson, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E 37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wdj0@cdc.gov NR 238 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 9 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2008 IS 3 AR CD001230 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD001230.pub2 PG 73 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328PS UT WOS:000257810900006 PM 18646068 ER PT S AU Haegerich, TM Tolan, PH AF Haegerich, Tamara M. Tolan, Patrick H. BE Guerra, NG Bradshaw, CP TI Core Competencies and the Prevention of Adolescent Substance Use SO CORE COMPETENCIES TO PREVENT PROBLEM BEHAVIORS AND PROMOTE POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT SE NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INNER-CITY ADOLESCENTS; AGE-OF-ONSET; ALCOHOL-USE; DRUG-USE; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ABUSE PREVENTION; SOCIAL-SKILLS; RISK AB Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth are at increased risk for using substances. An empirical focus on core competencies illustrates that youth are less likely to use substances when they have a positive future orientation, a belief in the ability to resist substances, emotional and behavioral control, sound decision-making ability, a belief that substance use is wrong, and a strong bond to prosocial peers and family. Such etiological research is beginning to provide a strong foundation for successful competence-building prevention programs. Focusing on the developmental-ecological context of adolescent substance use will expedite advances in prevention. (C) Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Haegerich, Tamara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tolan, Patrick H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL USA. [Tolan, Patrick H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Haegerich, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tolan, Patrick/0000-0001-5669-8442 NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY PERIODICALS PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 989 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1741 USA SN 1534-8687 BN 978-0-470-44216-6 J9 NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES PY 2008 VL 122 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1002/cd.228 D2 10.1002/cd.v2008:122 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BXN74 UT WOS:000296553900004 ER PT J AU Reese, LE Horne, AM Bell, CD Wingfield, JH AF Reese, Le'Roy E. Horne, Arthur M. Bell, Christopher D. Wingfield, John Harvey BE Kiselica, MS EnglarCarlson, M Horne, AM TI Counseling Aggressive Boys and Adolescent Males SO COUNSELING TROUBLED BOYS: A GUIDEBOOK FOR PROFESSIONALS SE Routledge Series on Counseling with Boys and Men LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAANALYSIS; VIOLENCE; DELINQUENCY; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; PROGRAMS; STUDENTS; CHILD C1 [Reese, Le'Roy E.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth & Preventat Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Reese, Le'Roy E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wingfield, John Harvey] Morehouse Sch Med, Prevent Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bell, Christopher D.] Univ Georgia, Counseling Psychol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] Morehouse Sch Med, Educ Policy & Evaluat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] APA Div 51, Washington, DC USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] Div Grp Psychol & Psychotherapy, Washington, DC USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] Div Family Psychol, Washington, DC USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] Soc Counseling Psychol, Washington, DC USA. [Horne, Arthur M.] Assoc Specialists Grp Work, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Reese, LE (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth & Preventat Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93817-1 J9 ROUT SER COUNSEL PY 2008 BP 191 EP 217 PG 27 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUX48 UT WOS:000290611900010 ER PT J AU Gould, CV McDonald, LC AF Gould, Carolyn V. McDonald, L. Clifford TI Bench-to-bedside review: Clostridium difficile colitis SO CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID TERM-CARE FACILITY; PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; TOXIN-A; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INTRACOLONIC VANCOMYCIN; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL DIARRHEA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; NORTH-AMERICA; RISK-FACTORS AB In recent years, the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated disease ( CDAD) have increased dramatically. Beginning in 2000, widespread regional outbreaks associated with a previously uncommon hypervirulent strain of C. difficile have occurred in North America and Europe. Most likely because of increased toxin production as well as other virulence factors, this epidemic strain has caused more severe and refractory disease leading to complications, including intensive care unit admission, colectomies, and death. Worldwide increasing use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins has likely contributed to the proliferation of this epidemic strain, which is highly resistant to both. The elderly have been disproportionately affected by CDAD, but C. difficile has also recently emerged in populations previously considered to be at low risk, including healthy outpatients and peripartum women, although it is unknown if these cases are related to the epidemic strain. Nevertheless, transmission within hospitals is the major source of C. difficile acquisition, and previous or concurrent antimicrobial use is almost universal among cases. Applying current evidence-based strategies for management and prevention is critically important, and clinicians should maintain an awareness of the changing epidemiology of CDAD and take measures to reduce the risk of disease in patients. C1 [Gould, Carolyn V.; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent & Response Branch, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent & Response Branch, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcDonald1@cdc.gov NR 92 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1466-609X J9 CRIT CARE JI Crit. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 AR 203 DI 10.1186/cc6207 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285YQ UT WOS:000254812500019 PM 18279531 ER PT J AU Rajam, G Anderton, JM Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Rajam, Gowrisankar Anderton, Julie M. Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Ades, Edwin W. TI Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review (Retracted article. See vol. 35, pg. Nil_0002, 2009) SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review; Retracted Publication DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; PsaA; Vaccine ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; NASOPHARYNGEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MATURATION PROTEIN-A; EXPRESSED IN-VIVO; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PENICILLIN TOLERANCE; PHASE VARIATION; ANTI-PSAA AB Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed common 37-kilodalton multi-functional lipoprotein detected on all known serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This lipoprotein belongs to the ABC-type transport protein complex that transports Mn2+; it is also an adhesin that plays a major role in pneumococcal attachment to the host cell and virulence. PsaA is immunogenic and natural nasopharyngeal colonization of pneumococci elicits an increase in antibody towards PsaA. Hence, PsaA is being actively evaluated as a component of a vaccine in formulations composed of pneumococcal common proteins. PsaA has been expressed as an E. coli recombinant protein, purified, and evaluated in a phase one clinical trial. This article reviews PsaA, its structure and role in pneumococcal virulence, immunogenicity, and potential to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization (a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis) as a component of a common pneumococcal protein vaccine. C1 [Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Sect, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ades, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Sect, Div Bacterial Dis, Bldg 18,Room B-104,MS G-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM EAdes@cdc.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 118 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 173 AR PII 903023267 DI 10.1080/10408410802383610 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 370YB UT WOS:000260797900004 PM 18819028 ER PT J AU Denny, TN Gelman, R Bergeron, M Landay, A Lam, L Louzao, R Mandy, FF Schmitz, J Spira, T Wilkening, C Glencross, DK AF Denny, Thomas N. Gelman, Rebecca Bergeron, Michele Landay, Alan Lam, Lee Louzao, Raul Mandy, Frank F. Schmitz, John Spira, Thomas Wilkening, Cindy Glencross, Deborah K. CA NIAID-DAIDS Immunology Quality Ass TI A North American multilaboratory study of CD4 counts using flow cytometric PanLeukogating (PLG): A NIAID-DAIDS immunology quality assessment program study SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE CD4; CD4 lymphocyte; CD4 T cell; PLG; panleukogated; multisite evaluation ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY REAGENTS; T-LYMPHOCYTE; MEDICINE-ASSOCIATION; FACSCOUNT SYSTEM; ENUMERATION; PROTOCOL; ACCURATE; AIDS AB Background: The global HIV/AIDS pandemic and guidelines for initiating anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic infection prophylaxis demand affordable, reliable, and accurate CD4 testing. A simple innovative approach applicable to existing technology that has been successfully applied in resource-challenged settings, PanLeukogated CD4 (PLG), could offer solutions for cost saving and improved precision. Methods: Day-old whole blood from 99 HIV+ donors was simultaneously studied in five North-American laboratories to compare the performance of their predicate methods with the dual-platform PLG method. The predicate technology included varying 4-color CD45/CD3/CD4/CD8 protocols on different flow cytometers. Each laboratory also assayed eight replicate specimens of day-old blood from 10 to 14 local donors. Bias and precision of predicate and PLG methods was studied between- and within-participating laboratories. Results: Significantly (P < 0.0001) improved between-laboratory precision/coefficient of variation (CM was noted using the PLG method (overall median 9.3% vs. predicate median CV 13.1%). Within-laboratory precision was also significantly (P < 0.0001) better overall using PLG (median 4.6% vs. predicate median CV 6.2%) and in 3 of the 5 laboratories. PLG counts tended to be 11% smaller than predicate methods (P < 0.0001) for shipped (median of predicate-PLG = 31) and local specimens (median of predicate-PLG = 23), both overall and in 4 of 5 laboratories (median decreases of 4, 16, 20, and 21% in shipped specimens); the other laboratory had a median increase of 5%. Conclusion: Laboratories using predicate CD4 methods similar to those in this study could improve their between-laboratory and their within-laboratory precision, and reduce costs, by switching to the PLG method after adequate training, if a change (usually, a decrease) in CD4 counts is acceptable to their health systems. (C) 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society. C1 [Denny, Thomas N.; Louzao, Raul] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Glencross, Deborah K.] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gelman, Rebecca; Wilkening, Cindy] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Stat & Data Anal Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gelman, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bergeron, Michele; Mandy, Frank F.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV Immunol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Landay, Alan] Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Schmitz, John] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lam, Lee; Spira, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Denny, TN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM thomas.denny@duke.edu; debbie.glencross@nhls.ac.za OI Denny, Thomas/0000-0002-7364-8276 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-700054, N01-AI-95356, U01 AI068616, U01 AI068634] NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PY 2008 VL 74B SU 1 BP S52 EP S64 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.20417 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 284SC UT WOS:000254725100008 PM 18351622 ER PT J AU Ferrara, A Stevens, M Mangione, CM Selby, JV Kim, C Marrero, DG Curb, D AF Ferrara, Assiamira Stevens, Mark Mangione, Carol M. Selby, Joseph V. Kim, Catherine Marrero, David G. Curb, David CA TRIAD Study Gro TI Sex disparities in control and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with diabetes - Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE ORGANIZATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-CARE; WOMEN; MORTALITY; GENDER; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ASSOCIATION; CHOLESTEROL; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has decreased in men but not in women with diabetes. We investigated whether sex differences in control and treatment of CVD risk factors might underlie this disparity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We performed cross-sectional analyses from a cohort of patients with diabetes sampled from 10 U.S. managed care health plans. Study end points included not being in control for CVD risk factors (>= 140 mmHg for systolic blood pressure [SBP], >= 3.35 mmol/l for LDL cholesterol, and >= 8.0% for A1C) and the intensity of medication management (number of medication classes) for patients not in control. Logistic regression models with random intercepts were used to adjust probabilities of control and management for demographics, clinical characteristics, and clustering within health plans. RESULTS- There were 1,315 women and 1,575 men with a history of CVD and 3,415 women and 2,516 men without a history of CVD. Among patients with CVD, adjusted estimated probabilities for not being in control and risk differences varied significantly between men and women for SBP (men 41.2%, women 46.6%; risk difference -5.4% [95% CI -9.5 to -1.3]) and LDL cholesterol (men 22.4%, women 28.3%; risk difference -5.9% [-9.9 to -1.8]). There were no significant sex differences in intensity of medication management for patients not in control. In patients without CVD there were no significant differences in control or intensity of medication management. CONCLUSIONS- In diabetic patients with CVD, poorer control of SBP and LDL cholesterol for women may contribute to the sex disparity in CVD mortality trends. C1 [Ferrara, Assiamira; Selby, Joseph V.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Mangione, Carol M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marrero, David G.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Curb, David] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stevens, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ferrara, A (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM assiamira.ferrara@kp.org OI Ferrara, Assiamira/0000-0002-7505-4826 NR 24 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.2337/dc07-1244 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900016 PM 17934157 ER PT J AU Hoerger, TJ Gregg, EW Segel, JE Saaddine, JB AF Hoerger, Thomas J. Gregg, Edward W. Segel, Joel E. Saaddine, Jinan B. TI Is glycemic control improving in US adults? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK-FACTORS; COMPLICATIONS; THERAPY; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE- The purpose of this study was to examine whether glycemic control has improved in recent years among individuals with diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We examined trends in A1C levels for adults with diagnosed diabetes using three consecutive waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004. We estimated mean AI C levels and the proportion with A1C < 7.0, < 8.0, and < 9.0%. We used multivariate regression to test whether A1C levels differed by NHANES wave after controlling for other factors. Multivariate dichotomous logistic regression and predictive margins were used to test whether the percentages of individuals with diabetes in selected A1C intervals differed by NHANES wave. RESULTS- Mean A1C levels among individuals with diagnosed diabetes declined from 7.82% in 1999-2000 to 7.47 and 7.18% in 2001-2002 and 2003-2004, respectively. After controlling for demographics and diabetes duration, A1C levels were 0.308 (P = 0.20) and 0.511 (P = 0.03) percentage points lower in 2001-2002 and 2003-2004, respectively, than in 1999-2000. The logistic results indicated corresponding improvements over time: the predictive margin for having A1C < 7.0% increased from 37.0% in 1999-2000 to 49.7% in 2001-2002 and to 55.7% in 2003-2004. CONCLUSIONS- Glycemic control improved between 1999 and 2004. This trend may represent an important improvement in diabetes care and is encouraging for future reduction of diabetes-related complications. C1 [Hoerger, Thomas J.; Segel, Joel E.] RTI Int, RTI UNC, Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gregg, Edward W.; Saaddine, Jinan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoerger, TJ (reprint author), RTI Int, RTI UNC, Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tjh@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00776] NR 16 TC 289 Z9 295 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.2337/dc07-1.572 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900018 PM 17934153 ER PT J AU Tao, M Saydah, SH Mcdowell, MA Eberhardt, MS AF Tao, Min Saydah, Sharon H. Mcdowell, Margaret A. Eberhardt, Mark S. TI Relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake to peripheral neuropathy among adults with diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; COMPLICATIONS; PREVENTION; INSENSATE AB OBJECTIVE - This study investigated the association between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and peripheral neuropathy in the U.S. population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 for adults >= 40 years of age with diagnosed diabetes, an assessment of peripheral neuropathy, and reliable 24-h dietary recall. The dietary intake of PUFAs was analyzed by peripheral neuropathy status. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of having peripheral neuropathy in higher quintiles of PUFA intake compared with the lowest quintile. RESULTS - The mean dietary intake of linolenic acid was 1.25 +/- 0.07 g among adults with peripheral neuropathy, significantly lower than the 1.45 +/- 0.05 g intake among those without peripheral neuropathy. After controlling for potential confounding variables adults whose linolenic acid intake was in the highest quintile had lower odds of peripheral neuropathy than adults in the lowest quintile (adjusted odds ratio 0.40 [95% CI 0.21-0.77]). CONCLUSIONS - Among adults with diagnosed diabetes, dietary intake of linolenic acid is positively associated with lower odds of peripheral neuropathy. C1 [Tao, Min] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Mcdowell, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Saydah, Sharon H.; Eberhardt, Mark S.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Eberhardt, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM meberhardt@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 93 EP 95 DI 10.2337/dc07-0931 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900021 PM 17914029 ER PT J AU Esteghamati, A Gouya, MM Abbasi, M Delavari, A Alikhani, S Alaedini, F Safaie, A Forouzanfar, M Gregg, EW AF Esteghamati, Alireza Gouya, Mohamad M. Abbasi, Mehrshad Delavari, Alireza Alikhani, Siamak Alaedini, Farishid Safaie, Afshin Forouzanfar, Mehrdad Gregg, Edward W. TI Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the adult population of Iran - National Survey of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases of Iran SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE - Despite concerns regarding a diabetes epidemic in the Middle East, internationally published data on national estimates of prevalent type 2 diabetes in Iran do not exist. With this article, we document a dramatically high prevalence of diabetes in Iran. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Our data are based on the results of the first Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases of Iran, 2005. In this national cross-sectional survey, 70,981 Iranian citizens aged 25-64 years were recruited. RESULTS- We found that 7.7% of adults aged 25-64 years, or 2 million adults, have diabetes, among whom one-half are undiagnosed. An additional 16.8%, or 4.4 million, of Iranian adults have impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS- The high prevalence of diabetes in working-age adults is an ominous sign for this developing nation. As the relatively young Iranian population ages in the future and urbanization continues or accelerates, the prevalence of diabetes will likely escalate. C1 [Esteghamati, Alireza; Abbasi, Mehrshad] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrine Res Ctr, Valiasr Hosp, Tehran 1419733147, Iran. [Gouya, Mohamad M.; Delavari, Alireza; Alikhani, Siamak; Alaedini, Farishid; Safaie, Afshin] Ctr Dis Control, Div Noncommunicable Dis, Tehran, Iran. [Forouzanfar, Mehrdad] Shariati Hosp, Endocrine Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Forouzanfar, Mehrdad] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran. [Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Esteghamati, A (reprint author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrine Res Ctr, Valiasr Hosp, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733147, Iran. EM esteghamati@tums.ac.ir RI Abbasi, Mehrsahd/J-4064-2012 OI Abbasi, Mehrsahd/0000-0001-5011-897X NR 10 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 DI 10.2337/dc07-0959 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900022 PM 17921357 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Little, RR Li, C Mokdad, AH AF Ford, Earl S. Little, Randie R. Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Trends in A1C concentrations among US adults with diagnosed diabetes from 1999 to 2004 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; RACIAL DISPARITIES; METAANALYSIS; CARE; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION; AMERICAN; MELLITUS C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Little, Randie R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Columbia, MO USA. [Little, Randie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Med, Dept Anat Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Little, Randie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012 NR 23 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 102 EP 104 DI 10.2337/dc07-0565 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900024 PM 17934146 ER PT J AU Li, CY Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Strine, TW AF Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. Ford, Earl S. Strine, Tara W. TI Prevalence of depression among US adults with diabetes - Findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CO-MORBID DEPRESSION; INTERVIEW; METAANALYSIS AB OBJECTIVE- To estimate the prevalence rate of depression among adults with diabetes using a large population-based sample in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a standardized telephone survey among U.S. adults aged >= 18 years, were analyzed (n = 18,814). The Patient Health Questionnaire diagnostic algorithm was used to identify major depression. RESULTS- The age-adjusted prevalence rate of major depression was 8.3% (95% CI 7.3-9.3), ranging from a low of 2.0% in Connecticut to a high of 28.8% in Alaska. There were 25-fold differences in the rate among racial/ethnic subgroups (lowest, 1.1% among Asians; highest, 27.8% among American Indians/Alaska Natives). People with type 2 diabetes who were currently using insulin had a higher rate than people with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.0009) and those with type 2 diabetes who were currently not using insulin (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS - Major depression was highly prevalent among people with diabetes; the prevalence rate varied greatly by demographic characteristics and diabetes types. C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Mokdad, Ali H.; Ford, Earl S.; Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.2337/dc07-1154 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 248TQ UT WOS:000252178900025 PM 17934145 ER PT J AU Funnell, MM Brown, TL Childs, BP Haas, LB Hosey, GM Jensen, B Maryniuk, M Peyrot, M Piette, JD Reader, D Siminerio, LM Weinger, K Weiss, MA AF Funnell, Martha M. Brown, Tammy L. Childs, Belinda P. Haas, Linda B. Hosey, Gwen M. Jensen, Brian Maryniuk, Melinda Peyrot, Mark Piette, John D. Reader, Diane Siminerio, Linda M. Weinger, Katie Weiss, Michael A. TI National standards for diabetes self-management education SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; COMPLICATIONS TRIAL; PATIENT EDUCATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; COMMUNITY-HEALTH; CHRONIC ILLNESS C1 [Funnell, Martha M.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Tammy L.] Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Childs, Belinda P.] MidAmer Diabet Associat, Wichita, KS USA. [Haas, Linda B.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Hosey, Gwen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jensen, Brian] Lakeshore Apothacare, Two Rivers, WI USA. [Maryniuk, Melinda; Weinger, Katie] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Peyrot, Mark] Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Piette, John D.] VA Ann Arbor Hlth Care Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Piette, John D.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reader, Diane] Int Diabet Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Siminerio, Linda M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Inst Diabet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Weiss, Michael A.] Patient Centered Solut, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Funnell, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Dept Med Educ, 300 N Ingalls,3D06,Box0489, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mfunnell@umich.edu RI McDowell, Joan/H-3159-2014 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5P60 DK20572]; PHS HHS [1 R18 0K062323] NR 164 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 31 SU 1 BP S97 EP S104 DI 10.2337/dc08-S097 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 250WR UT WOS:000252332500010 PM 18165344 ER PT J AU Jones, GC Sinclair, LB AF Jones, Gwyn C. Sinclair, Lisa B. TI Multiple health disparities among minority adults with mobility limitations: An application of the ICF framework and codes SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Review DE disability; ICF; mobility limitations; minorities ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; INTERNATIONAL-CLASSIFICATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; REHABILITATION-MEDICINE; PROMOTION INTERVENTION; SECONDARY CONDITIONS; SCREENING SCALES AB Purpose. To examine the interface between mobility limitations and minority status and its effect on multiple health and health-related domains among adults, using the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods. We combined 8 years of data from the 1997-2004 US National Health Interview Survey to investigate health disparities among minorities with mobility limitations as defined by the ICF. A total of 79,739 adults surveyed met these criteria. Results. Adults with both mobility limitations and minority status experienced the greatest disparities (p<0.001) in worsening health (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=8.5), depressive symptoms (AOR=17.2), diabetes (AOR=5.5), hypertension (AOR=3.4), stroke (AOR=7.2), visual impairment (AOR=4.6), difficulty with activities of daily living (AOR=42.7) and instrumental activities of daily living (AOR=27.7), use of special equipment (AOR=28.1), obesity (AOR=3.3), physical inactivity (AOR=2.7), and low workforce participation (AOR=0.35). Conclusions. For most outcome measures, findings supported our hypothesis that persons with both mobility limitations and minority status experience greater health disparities than do adults with minority status or mobility limitations alone. C1 [Jones, Gwyn C.; Sinclair, Lisa B.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, GC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS-E88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gbj4@cdc.gov NR 118 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0963-8288 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PY 2008 VL 30 IS 12-13 BP 901 EP 915 DI 10.1080/09638280701800392 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 302YE UT WOS:000256005200002 PM 18597985 ER PT J AU Hebert, PL Sisk, JE AF Hebert, Paul L. Sisk, Jane E. TI Challenges facing nurse-led disease management for heart failure SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE COSTS; TELEPHONE INTERVENTION; IMPROVING QUALITY; HIGH-RISK; PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; READMISSION; POPULATION AB The positive results of several randomized controlled trials of nurse-led disease management (DM) for heart failure have led to considerable growth in the use of DM programs in such patients. However, many aspects of the protocols used in randomized trials of DM for heart failure have differed, and there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of what makes DM work and for whom. Four important unresolved issues are: (i) what components of multifaceted DM protocols for heart failure are effective; (ii) whether a face-to-face meeting with the nurse is necessary for successful DM; (iii) what type of patients benefit from DM; and (iv) who should provide and pay for nurse-led DM. Our understanding of why nurse-led DM works would be enhanced if researchers systematically described each component of the intervention, measured the patient or clinician behavior that each component was designed to modify, and reported the trial's success or failure at achieving that modification. Almost all randomized trials to-date have recruited hospitalized patients at relatively high risk of decompensation and have provided them with face-to-face contact with the DM team. More research is needed to document the effectiveness of DM protocols that use purely telephonic contact with patients, and those that recruit lower-risk patients from ambulatory settings. Finally, instead of assessing whether DM reduces costs or yields an adequate return on investment, more emphasis should be placed on cost-effectiveness research, which assesses whether DM improves patient health-related quality of life for a reasonable cost. Research along these lines will fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the utility of DM for heart failure, and will contribute to making nurse-led DM for heart failure more effective, efficient, and commonplace. C1 [Hebert, Paul L.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Sisk, Jane E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hebert, PL (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl Box 1077, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Paul.Hebert@mssm.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8790 J9 DIS MANAG HEALTH OUT JI Dis. Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 272HS UT WOS:000253851100001 ER PT S AU O'Callaghan, JP Sriram, K Miller, DB AF O'Callaghan, James P. Sriram, Krishnan Miller, Diane B. BE Kuhar, MJ Kuhar, MJ TI Defining "Neuroinflammation" Lessons from MPTP- and Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity SO DRUG ADDICTION: RESEARCH FRONTIERS AND TREATMENT ADVANCES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Drug-Abuse-Research-Society CY AUG 14-17, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO DE neuroinflammation; neurotoxicity; methamphetamine; MPTP; gliosis; microglia; astroglia; cytokines; chemokines; dopamine; dopaminergic ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXICANT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; GLIAL ACTIVATION; IN-VIVO; BRAIN; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; MODEL AB Neuroinflammation is a hot topic in contemporary neuroscience. A relatively new open-access journal, the Journal of Neuroinflammation, focuses on this field. As another example, abstracts to the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience could be submitted in several subcategories of neuroinflammation, a strong signal of growth in this research area. While it is becoming clear that activation of microglia and astroglia and the attendant expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines often are associated with disease-, trauma-, and toxicant-induced damage to the CNS, it is by no means clear that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between the presence of a neuroinflammatory process and neural damage. We have explored this issue with two models of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We used a single low-dose regimen of MPTP or METH, a paradigm that causes selective degeneration of striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals without affecting the cell body in the substantia nigra. Both compounds increased the expression of the microglia-associated factors, I1-1 alpha, I16, Cc12, and Tnf-alpha, and also elicited morphologic evidence of microglial activation prior to induction of astrogliosis. Pharmacologic antagonism of MPTP and METH neurotoxicity prevented these proinflammatory responses, findings suggestive of a link between neuroinflammation and the observed neurotoxic outcomes. Nevertheless, when we used minocycline to suppress the expression of all these mediators, with the exception of Tnf-a, we failed to see neuroprotection. Likewise, when we examined the effects of MPTP or METH in transgenic mice lacking I16, Cc12, or Tnfr1/2 genes, deficiency of either I16 or Cc12 did not alter neurotoxicity, whereas deficiency in Tnfr1/2 was neuroprotective. Although these observations pointed to a role of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, in the neurotoxic effects of MPTP and METH, other observations did not support this supposition. For example, activation of NF-kappa B or induction of iNOS, known components of inflammatory responses and free radical formation, were not observed. Moreover, immunosuppressive regimens of glucocorticoids failed to suppress TNF-a or attenuate neurotoxicity. Taken together, our observations suggest that MPTP and METH neurotoxicity are associated with the elaboration of a "neuroinflammatory" response, yet this response lacks key features of inflammation and, with the exception of TNF-a, neurotoxicity appears to be the cause rather than the consequence of proinflammatory signals. C1 [O'Callaghan, James P.; Sriram, Krishnan; Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@edu.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 42 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-718-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1139 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1196/annals.1432.032 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA BIN87 UT WOS:000261167100036 PM 18991877 ER PT J AU Chang, SJ Pool, V O'Connell, K Polder, JA Iskander, J Sweeney, C Ball, R Braun, MM AF Chang, Soju Pool, Vitali O'Connell, Kathryn Polder, Jacquelyn A. Iskander, John Sweeney, Colleen Ball, Robert Braun, M. Miles TI Preventable Mix-ups of Tuberculin and Vaccines Reports to the US Vaccine and Drug Safety Reporting Systems SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID MEDICATION ERRORS; VAERS; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: Errors involving the mix-up of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and vaccines leading to adverse reactions and unnecessary medical management have been reported previously. Objectives: To determine the frequency of PPD-vaccine mix-ups reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and the Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), characterize adverse events and clusters involving mix-ups and describe reported contributory factors. Methods: We reviewed AERS reports from 1969 to 2005 and VAERS reports from 1990 to 2005. We defined a mix-up error event as an incident in which a single patient or a cluster of patients inadvertently received vaccine instead of a PPD product or received a PPD product instead of vaccine. We defined a cluster as inadvertent administration of PPD or vaccine products to more than one patient in the same facility within I month. Results: Of 115 mix-up events identified, 101 involved inadvertent administration of vaccines instead of PPD. Product confusion involved PPD and multiple vaccines. The annual number of reported mix-ups increased from an average of one event per year in the early 1990s to an average of ten events per year in the early part of this decade. More than 240 adults and children were affected and the majority reported local injection site reactions. Four individuals were hospitalized (all recovered) after receiving the wrong products. Several patients were inappropriately started on tuberculosis prophylaxis as a result of a vaccine local reaction being interpreted as a positive tuberculin skin test. Reported potential contributory factors involved both system factors (e.g. similar packaging) and human errors (e.g. failure to read label before product administration). Conclusions: To prevent PPD-vaccine mix-ups, proper storage, handling and administration of vaccine and PPD products is necessary. C1 [Chang, Soju] US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Res & Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Pool, Vitali; Iskander, John] CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sweeney, Colleen] US FDA, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Chang, SJ (reprint author), US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Res & Evaluat, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM sojuchang@hotmail.com NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1033 DI 10.2165/00002018-200831110-00007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 373ZO UT WOS:000261012200007 PM 18840022 ER PT J AU Parkinson, AJ AF Parkinson, Alan J. TI The International Polar Year, 2007-2008, an opportunity to focus on infectious diseases in Arctic regions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Parkinson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.3201/eid1401.071405 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000001 PM 18258069 ER PT J AU Parkinson, AJ Bruce, MG Zulz, T AF Parkinson, Alan J. Bruce, Michael G. Zulz, Tammy CA Int Circumpolar Surveillance Steer TI International Circumpolar International Surveillance, an Arctic network for surveillance of infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; B DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; POPULATION AB Peoples of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions live in social and physical environments that differ substantially from those of their more southern-dwelling counterparts. The cold northern climate keeps people indoors, amplifying the effects of household crowding, smoking, and inadequate ventilation on person-to-person spread of infectious disease. The emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens, the reemergence of tuberculosis, the entrance of HIV into Arctic communities, and the specter of pandemic influenza or the sudden emergence and introduction of new viral pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome are of increasing concern to residents, governments, and public health authorities. The International Circumpolar Surveillance system is a network of hospital, public health agencies, and reference laboratories throughout the Arctic linked together to collect, compare, and share uniform laboratory and epidemiologic data on infectious diseases and assist in the formulation of prevention and control strategies. C1 [Parkinson, Alan J.; Bruce, Michael G.; Zulz, Tammy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Parkinson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070717 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000004 PM 18258072 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Deeks, SL Zulz, T Bruden, D Navarro, C Lovgren, M Jette, L Kristinsson, K Sigmundsdottir, G Brinklov, K Lovoll, O Nuorti, JP Herva, E Nystedt, A Sjostedt, A Koch, A Hennessy, TW Parkinson, AJ AF Bruce, Michael G. Deeks, Shelley L. Zulz, Tammy Bruden, Dana Navarro, Christine Lovgren, Marguerite Jette, Louise Kristinsson, Karl Sigmundsdottir, Gudrun Brinklov, Knud Lovoll, Oistein Nuorti, J. Pekka Herva, Eija Nystedt, Anders Sjostedt, Anders Koch, Anders Hennessy, Thomas W. Parkinson, Alan J. CA Invasive Pneumococcal Dis Working TI International Circumpolar Surveillance System for invasive pneumococcal disease, 1999-2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ALASKA; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; POPULATION AB The International Circumpolar Surveillance System is a population-based surveillance network for invasive bacterial disease in the Arctic. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced for routine infant vaccination in Alaska (2001), northern Canada (2002-2006), and Norway (2006). Data for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were analyzed to identify clinical findings, disease rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial drug susceptibility; 11,244 IPD cases were reported. Pneumonia and bacteremia were common clinical findings. Rates of IPD among indigenous persons in Alaska and northern Canada were 43 and 38 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. Rates in children <2 years of age ranged from 21 to 153 cases per 100,000 population. In Alaska and northern Canada, IPD rates in children <2 years of age caused by PCV7 serotypes decreased by >80% after routine vaccination. IPD rates are high among indigenous persons and children in Arctic countries. After vaccine introduction, IPD caused by non-PCV7 serotypes increased in Alaska. C1 [Bruce, Michael G.; Zulz, Tammy; Bruden, Dana; Hennessy, Thomas W.; Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. [Deeks, Shelley L.; Navarro, Christine] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Lovgren, Marguerite] Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jette, Louise] Quebec Publ Hlth Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Kristinsson, Karl] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Brinklov, Knud] Inst Chief Med Officer, Nuuk, Greenland. [Lovoll, Oistein] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [Nuorti, J. Pekka] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Herva, Eija] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Oulu, Finland. [Nystedt, Anders] Sunderby Hosp, Lulea, Sweden. [Sjostedt, Anders] Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden. [Koch, Anders] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.3201/eid1401.071315 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000005 PM 18258073 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Deeks, SL Zulz, T Navarro, C Palacios, C Case, C Hemsley, C Hennessy, T Corriveau, A Larke, B Sobel, I Lovgren, M DeByle, C Tsang, R Parkinson, AJ AF Bruce, Michael G. Deeks, Shelley L. Zulz, Tammy Navarro, Christine Palacios, Carolina Case, Cheryl Hemsley, Colleen Hennessy, Tom Corriveau, Andre Larke, Bryce Sobel, Isaac Lovgren, Marguerite DeByle, Carolynn Tsang, Raymond Parkinson, Alan J. CA Int Circumpolar Surveillance TI Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae serotype a, North American Arctic 2000-2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-TYPE-B; INVASIVE DISEASE; VACCINE ERA; POSTVACCINATION ERA; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; POPULATION; VIRULENCE; REPLACEMENT AB Before the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, rates of invasive H. influenzae disease among indigenous people of the North American Arctic were among the highest in the world. Routine vaccination reduced rates to low levels; however, serotype replacement with non-type b strains may result in a reemergence of invasive disease in children. We reviewed population-based data on invasive H. influenzae in Alaska and northern Canada from 2000-2005; 138 cases were reported. Among 88 typeable isolates, 42 (48%) were H. influenzae type a (Hia); 35 (83%) occurred in indigenous peoples. Among Hia patients, median age was 1.1 years; 62% were male; 1 adult died. Common clinical manifestations included meningitis, pneumonia, and septic arthritis. Overall annual incidence was 0.9 cases per 100,000 population. Incidence among indigenous children <2 years of age in Alaska and northern Canada was 21 and 102, respectively. Serotype a is now the most common H. influenzae serotype in the North American Arctic; the highest rates are among indigenous children. C1 [Bruce, Michael G.; Zulz, Tammy; Hennessy, Tom; DeByle, Carolynn; Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. [Deeks, Shelley L.; Navarro, Christine] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Palacios, Carolina; Sobel, Isaac] Nunavut Dept Hlth, Iqaluit, NU, Canada. [Case, Cheryl; Corriveau, Andre] Northwest Terr Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Hemsley, Colleen; Larke, Bryce] Yukon Hlth & Social Serv, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. [Lovgren, Marguerite] Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Tsang, Raymond] Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070822 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000008 PM 18258076 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Jamieson, DJ Bresee, JS AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Jamieson, Denise J. Bresee, Joseph S. TI Pandemic influenza and pregnant women SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MATERNAL INFLUENZA; ASIAN INFLUENZA; EMERGING INFECTIONS; VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK; FEVER; DISEASE; ILLNESS; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB Planning for a future influenza pandemic should include considerations specific to pregnant women. First, pregnant women are at increased risk for influenza-associated illness and death. The effects on the fetus of maternal influenza infection, associated fever, and agents used for prophylaxis and treatment should be taken into account. Pregnant women might be reluctant to comply with public health recommendations during a pandemic because of concerns regarding effects of vaccines or medications on the fetus. Guidelines regarding nonpharmaceutical interventions (e.g., voluntary quarantine) also might present special challenges because of conflicting recommendations about routine prenatal care and delivery. Finally, healthcare facilities need to develop plans to minimize exposure of pregnant women to ill persons, while ensuring that women receive necessary care. C1 [Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Bresee, Joseph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 40 TC 142 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070667 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000019 PM 18258087 ER PT J AU Kremer, JR Brown, KE Jin, L Santibanez, S Shulga, SV Aboudy, Y Demchyshyna, IV Djemileva, S Echevarria, JE Featherstone, DF Hukic, M Johansen, K Litwinska, B Lopareva, E Lupulescu, E Mentis, A Mihneva, Z Mosquera, MM Muscat, M Naumova, MA Nedeljkovic, J Nekrasova, LS Magurano, F Fortuna, C De Andrade, HR Richard, JL Robo, A Rota, PA Samoilovich, EO Sarv, I Semeiko, GV Shugayev, N Utegenova, ES Van Binnendijk, R Vinner, L Waku-Kouomou, D Wild, TF Brown, DWG Mankertz, A Muller, CP Mulders, MN AF Kremer, Jacques R. Brown, Kevin E. Jin, Li Santibanez, Sabine Shulga, Sergey V. Aboudy, Yair Demchyshyna, Irina V. Djemileva, Sultana Echevarria, Juan E. Featherstone, David F. Hukic, Mirsada Johansen, Kari Litwinska, Bogumila Lopareva, Elena Lupulescu, Emilia Mentis, Andreas Mihneva, Zefira Mosquera, Maria M. Muscat, Mark Naumova, M. A. Nedeljkovic, Jasminka Nekrasova, Ljubov S. Magurano, Fabio Fortuna, Claudia De Andrade, Helena Rebelo Richard, Jean-Luc Robo, Alma Rota, Paul A. Samoilovich, Elena O. Sarv, Inna Semeiko, Galina V. Shugayev, Nazim Utegenova, Elmira S. Van Binnendijk, Rob Vinner, Lasse Waku-Kouomou, Diane Wild, T. Fabian Brown, David W. G. Mankertz, Annette Muller, Claude P. MuldersJJ, Mick N. TI High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELIMINATION; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; AFRICA AB During 2005-2006, nine measles virus (MV) genotypes were identified throughout the World Health Organization European Region. All major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3. Other genotypes (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) were only found in limited numbers of cases after importation from other continents. The genetic diversity of endemic D6 strains was low; genotypes C2 and D7, circulating in Europe until recent years, were no longer identified. The transmission chains of several indigenous MV strains may thus have been interrupted by enhanced vaccination. However, multiple importations from Africa and Asia and virus introduction into highly mobile and unvaccinated communities caused a massive spread of D4 and B3 strains throughout much of the region. Thus, despite the reduction of endemic MV circulation, importation of MV from other continents caused prolonged circulation and large outbreaks after their introduction into unvaccinated and highly mobile communities. C1 [Kremer, Jacques R.; Muller, Claude P.] WHO, Regional Ref Lab Measles & Rubella, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Kremer, Jacques R.] WHO, Global Reference Lab Measeles & Rubella, London, England. [Santibanez, Sabine] WHO, Regional Reference Lab Measeles & Rubella, Berlin, Germany. [Shulga, Sergey V.] WHO, Regional Reference Lab Measeles & Rubella, Moscow, Russia. [Aboudy, Yair] Israel Minist Hlth, Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Demchyshyna, Irina V.] Minist Hlth, Kiev, Ukraine. [Djemileva, Sultana] Minist Publ Hlth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Echevarria, Juan E.] Inst Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain. [Featherstone, David F.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hukic, Mirsada] Univ Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Johansen, Kari] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. [Litwinska, Bogumila] State Inst Hyg, Warsaw, Poland. [Lopareva, Elena] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lupulescu, Emilia] Natl Inst Res & Dev Microbiol & Immunol Cantacuzi, Bucharest, Romania. [Mentis, Andreas] Inst Pasteur, Athens, Greece. [Mihneva, Zefira] Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Muscat, Mark] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nedeljkovic, Jasminka] Inst Virol Vaccine & Sera Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia. [Magurano, Fabio; Fortuna, Claudia] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [De Andrade, Helena Rebelo] Inst Nacl Saude Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. [Richard, Jean-Luc; Van Binnendijk, Rob] Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. [Robo, Alma] Inst Publ Hlth, Tirana, Albania. [Lopareva, Elena] Minist Hlth, Minsk, Byelarus. [Shugayev, Nazim] Minist Hlth, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Utegenova, Elmira S.] Minist Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Van Binnendijk, Rob] Rijkinst Volksgezondheid Milieu, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Wild, T. Fabian; Brown, David W. G.] INSERM, U404, F-69008 Lyon, France. [MuldersJJ, Mick N.] WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Kremer, JR (reprint author), WHO, Regional Ref Lab Measles & Rubella, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RI Mosquera, Maria /F-3129-2011; Rebelo-de-Andrade, Helena/E-1871-2014; Echevarria, Juan E./F-7913-2016; MAGURANO, FABIO/B-9975-2016; FORTUNA, CLAUDIA/O-9446-2015; iMed.ULisboa, HPI /B-4239-2014 OI Rebelo-de-Andrade, Helena/0000-0002-0138-0944; Echevarria, Juan E./0000-0001-7522-850X; MAGURANO, FABIO/0000-0002-0394-7043; iMed.ULisboa, HPI /0000-0001-5934-0198 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070778 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000021 PM 18258089 ER PT J AU Rahman, M Bright, RA Kieke, BA Donahue, JG Greenlee, RT Vandermause, M Balish, A Foust, A Cox, NJ Klimov, AI Shay, DK Belongia, EA AF Rahman, Mahbubur Bright, Rick A. Kieke, Burney A. Donahue, James G. Greenlee, Robert T. Vandermause, Mary Balish, Amanda Foust, Angela Cox, Nancy J. Klimov, Alexander I. Shay, David K. Belongia, Edward A. TI Adamantane-resistant influenza infection during the 2004-05 season SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A H3N2 VIRUSES; AMANTADINE; RIMANTADINE; EMERGENCE; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS; CHILDREN AB Adamantane-resistant influenza A is an emerging problem, but infections caused by resistant and susceptible viruses have not been compared. We identified adamantane resistance in 47% of 152 influenza A virus (H3N2) isolates collected during 2005. Resistant and susceptible viruses caused similar symptoms and illness duration. The prevalence of resistance was highest in children. C1 [Rahman, Mahbubur; Kieke, Burney A.; Donahue, James G.; Greenlee, Robert T.; Vandermause, Mary; Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Bright, Rick A.; Balish, Amanda; Foust, Angela; Cox, Nancy J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Shay, David K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, ML2,1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [1U01 CI 000192-01, U01 CI000192] NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070460 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000034 PM 18258102 ER PT J AU Lee, GT Chiu, CY Haller, BL Denn, PM Hall, CS Gerberding, JL AF Lee, Gregory T. Chiu, Charles Y. Haller, Barbara L. Denn, Patricia M. Hall, Christopher S. Gerberding, Julie L. TI Streptococcus suis meningitis, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID SEROTYPE-2; INFECTION C1 [Lee, Gregory T.; Chiu, Charles Y.; Hall, Christopher S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Haller, Barbara L.; Denn, Patricia M.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Gerberding, Julie L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.3201/eid1401.070930 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000039 PM 18258107 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "I Am but Mad North-northwest: When the Wind is Southerly I Know a Hawk from a Handsaw" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item C1 EID Journal, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), EID Journal, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 189 EP 190 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248GY UT WOS:000252142000043 PM 18309583 ER PT J AU Bowen, AB Braden, CR AF Bowen, Anna B. Braden, Christopher R. BE Farber, JM Forsythe, SJ TI Enterobacter sakazakii Disease and Epidemiology SO ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWDERED INFANT FORMULA; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEONATAL MENINGITIS; MILK FORMULA; INFECTIONS; CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK; ADULT; RISK; FOOD C1 [Bowen, Anna B.; Braden, Christopher R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-560-8 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2008 BP 101 EP 125 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPD94 UT WOS:000278638000006 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Trainer, VL Mantua, NJ Parker, MS Laws, EA Backer, LC Fleming, LE AF Moore, Stephanie K. Trainer, Vera L. Mantua, Nathan J. Parker, Micaela S. Laws, Edward A. Backer, Lorraine C. Fleming, Lora E. TI Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centers for Oceans and Human Health Investigators CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Woods Hole, MA ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT; TIDE TOXINS BREVETOXINS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; EL-NINO; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; DECADAL OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB Anthropogenically-derived increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have been implicated in recent climate change, and are projected to substantially impact the climate on a global scale in the future. For marine and freshwater systems, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to increase surface temperatures, lower pH, and cause changes to vertical mixing, upwelling, precipitation, and evaporation patterns. The potential consequences of these changes for harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received relatively little attention and are not well understood. Given the apparent increase in HABs around the world and the potential for greater problems as a result of climate change and ocean acidification, substantial research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect associations between HABs, climate change, ocean acidification, and human health. This research will require a multidisciplinary approach utilizing expertise in climatology, oceanography, biology, epidemiology, and other disciplines. We review the interactions between selected patterns of large-scale climate variability and climate change, oceanic conditions, and harmful algae. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parker, Micaela S.] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Ctr Human Hlth & Ocean Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Laws, Edward A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephanie.moore@UNSWalumni.com; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; nmantua@u.washington.edu; micaela@u.washington.edu; edlaws@lsu.edu; lfb9@CDC.GOV; lfleming@med.miami.edu OI Parker, Micaela/0000-0003-1007-4612 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736, P01 ES010594, P50 ES012740, P50 ES012762, P01 ES010594-08] NR 105 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 20 U2 129 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 7 SU 2 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380GI UT WOS:000261453800004 PM 19025675 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Ye, XY Wong, LY Reidy, JA Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Ye, Xiaoyun Wong, Lee-Yang Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. TI Exposure of the US population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; biomonitoring; BPA; exposure; NHANES; tOP; urine ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; XENOESTROGEN 4-TERT-OCTYLPHENOL; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; FEMALE RATS AB BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tertiary octylphenol (tOP) are industrial chemicals used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (BPA) and nonionic surfactants (tOP). These products are in widespread use in the United States. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess exposure to BPA and tOP in the U.S. general population. METHODS: We measured the total (free plus conjugated) urinary concentrations of BPA and tOP in 2,517 participants; : 6 years of age in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: BPA and tOP were detected in 92.6% and 57.4% of the persons, respectively. Least square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of BPA were significantly lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic blacks (p = 0.006) and non-Hispanic whites (p = 0.007); LSGM concentrations for non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites were not statistically different (p = 0.21). Females had statistically higher BPA LSGM concentrations than males (p = 0.043). Children had higher concentrations than adolescents (p < 0.001), who in turn had higher concentrations than adults (p = 0.003). LSGM concentrations were lowest for participants in the high household income category (> $45,000/year). CONCLUSIONS: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income. These first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities, including studies of exposure pathways, potential health effects, and risk assessment. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun; Wong, Lee-Yang; Reidy, John A.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 60 TC 723 Z9 761 U1 24 U2 135 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1289/ehp.10753 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100022 PM 18197297 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Lan, Q Blount, BC Nuckols, JR Branch, R Lyu, CW Kieszak, SM Brinkman, MC Gordon, SM Flanders, WD Romkes, M Cantor, KP AF Backer, Lorraine C. Lan, Qing Blount, Benjamin C. Nuckols, J. R. Branch, Robert Lyu, Christopher W. Kieszak, Stephanie M. Brinkman, Marielle C. Gordon, Sydney M. Flanders, W. Dana Romkes, Marjorie Cantor, Kenneth P. TI Exogenous and endogenous determinants of blood trihalomethane levels after showering SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE CYP21D6; CYP2E1; disinfection by-products; drinking water disinfection; GSTT1; showering exposures; trihalomethanes ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; BLADDER-CANCER; TAP WATER; CHLORZOXAZONE METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LUNG-CANCER; BUTYL ETHER AB BACKGROUND: We previously conducted a study to assess whether household exposures to tap water increased an individual's internal dose of trihalomethanes (THMs). Increases in blood THM levels among subjects who showered or bathed were variable, with increased levels tending to cluster in two groups. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess the importance of personal characteristics, previous exposures, genetic polymorphisms, and environmental exposures in determining THM concentrations in blood after showering. METHODS: One hundred study participants completed a health symptom questionnaire, a 48-hr food and water consumption diary, and took a 10-min shower in a controlled setting. We examined THM levels in blood samples collected at baseline and 10 and 30 min after the shower. We assessed the significance of personal characteristics, previous exposures to THMs, and specific gene polymorphisms in predicting postshower blood THM concentrations. RESULTS: We did not observe the clustering of blood THM concentrations observed in our earlier study. We found that environmental THM concentrations were important predictors of blood THM concentrations immediately after showering. For example, the chloroform concentration in the shower stall air was the most important predictor of blood chloroform levels 10 min after the shower (p < 0.001). Personal characteristics, previous exposures to THMs, and specific polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and GSTT1 genes were significant predictors of both baseline and postshowering blood THM concentrations as well as of changes in THM concentrations associated with showering. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of information about individual physiologic characteristics and environmental measurements would be valuable in future studies to assess human health effects from exposures to THMs in tap water. C1 [Backer, Lorraine C.; Blount, Benjamin C.; Kieszak, Stephanie M.; Flanders, W. Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Lan, Qing; Cantor, Kenneth P.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. [Nuckols, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Branch, Robert; Romkes, Marjorie] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Clin Pharmacol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Lyu, Christopher W.] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. [Brinkman, Marielle C.; Gordon, Sydney M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lfb9@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000005]; NCI NIH HHS [5R01 CA059834, R01 CA059834]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000056, 5M01-RR-000056]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK059519, 5 R01 DK 059 519] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1289/ehp.10049 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100025 PM 18197300 ER PT J AU Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Patterson, DG Milani, S Limonta, G Bertona, M Signorini, S Tramacere, P Colombo, L Crespi, C Brambilla, P Sarto, C Carreri, V Sampson, EJ Turner, WE Needham, LL AF Mocarelli, Paolo Gerthoux, Pier Mario Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Milani, Silvano Limonta, Giuseppe Bertona, Maria Signorini, Stefano Tramacere, Pierluigi Colombo, Laura Crespi, Carla Brambilla, Paolo Sarto, Cecilia Carreri, Vittorio Sampson, Eric J. Turner, Wayman E. Needham, Larry L. TI Dioxin exposure, from infancy through puberty, produces endocrine disruption and affects human semen quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; endocrine disruption; environmental contaminants; human sperm quality; reproductive hormones; TCDD ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; SERTOLI-CELL NUMBER; PAST 20 YEARS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SPERM COUNTS; SEX-RATIO; YOUNG MEN; SEVESO; SERUM; TCDD AB BACKGROUND: Environmental toxicants a-re allegedly involved in decreasing semen quality in recent decades; however, definitive proof is not yet available. In 1976 an accident exposed residents in Seveso, Italy, to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate reproductive hormones and sperm quality in exposed males. METHODS: We studied 135 males exposed to TCDD at three age groups, infancy/prepuberty (1-9 years), puberty (10-17 years), and adulthood (18-26 years), and 184 healthy male comparisons using 1976 serum TCDD levels and semen quality and reproductive hormones from samples collected 22 years later. RESULTS: Relative to comparisons, 71 men (mean age at exposure, 6.2 years; median serum TCDD, 210 ppt) at 22-31 years of age showed reductions in sperm concentration (53.6 vs. 72.5 million/mL; p = 0.025); percent progressive motility (33.2% vs. 40.8%; p < 0.001); total motile sperm count (44.2 vs. 77.5 x 10(6); p = 0.018); estradiol (76.2 vs. 95.9 pmol/L; p = 0.001); and an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 3.58 vs. 2.98 IU/L; p = 0.055). Forty-four men (mean age at exposure, 13.2 years; median serum TCDD, 164 ppt) at 32-39 years of age showed increased total sperm count (272 vs. 191.9 x 10(6); p = 0.042), total motile sperm count (105 vs. 64.9 x 10(6); p = 0.036), FSH (4.1 vs. 3.2 UI/L; p = 0.038), and reduced estradiol (74.4 vs. 92.9 pmol/L; p < 0.001). No effects were observed in 20 men, 40-47 years of age, who were exposed to TCDD (median, 123 ppt) as adults (mean age at exposure, 21.5 years). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to TCIDD in infancy reduces sperm concentration and motility, and an opposite effect is seen with exposure during puberty. Exposure in either period leads to permanent reduction of estradiol and increased FSH. These effects are permanent and occur at TCDD concentrations < 68 ppt, which is within one order of magnitude of those in the industrialized world in the 1970s and 1980s and may be responsible at least in part for the reported decrease in sperm quality, especially in younger men. C1 [Mocarelli, Paolo; Gerthoux, Pier Mario; Limonta, Giuseppe; Bertona, Maria; Signorini, Stefano; Tramacere, Pierluigi; Colombo, Laura; Crespi, Carla; Brambilla, Paolo; Sarto, Cecilia] Univ Milan, Dept Lab Med, Hosp Desio, I-20033 Milan, Italy. [Mocarelli, Paolo] Univ Milan, Sch Med, Milan, Italy. [Patterson, Donald G., Jr.; Sampson, Eric J.; Turner, Wayman E.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Milani, Silvano] Univ Milan, Inst Med Stat & Biometr, Milan, Italy. [Carreri, Vittorio] Minist Hlth Reg Lombardia, Dept Prevent Med, Milan, Italy. RP Mocarelli, P (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Lab Med, Hosp Desio, Via Mazzini 1, I-20033 Milan, Italy. EM mocarelli@uds.unimib.it RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; milani, silvano/I-7889-2012 OI milani, silvano/0000-0002-5677-1758 NR 40 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1289/ehp.10399 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100027 PM 18197302 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Darrow, LA Parker, JD AF Woodruff, Tracey J. Darrow, Lyndsey A. Parker, Jennifer D. TI Air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, 1999-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; ozone; particulate matter air pollution; postneonatal infant mortality; respiratory-related deaths; sudden infant death syndrome; sulfur dioxide ID PARTICULATE MATTER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; HEALTH; OZONE; CALIFORNIA; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; BIRTH; OUTCOMES; DEATH AB OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between cause-specific postneonatal infant mortality and chronic early-life exposure to particulate matter and gaseous air pollutants across the United States. METHODS: We linked county-specific monitoring data for particles with aerodiameter of <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and <= 10 mu m (PM10), ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide to birth and death records for infants born from 1999 to 2002 in U.S. counties with > 250,000 residents. For each infant, we calculated the average concentration of each pollutant over the first 2 months of life. We used logistic generalized estimating equations to estimate odds ratios of postneonatal mortality for all causes, respiratory causes, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and all other causes for each pollutant, controlling for individual maternal factors (race, marital status, education, age, and primiparity), percentage of county population below poverty, region, birth month, birth year, and other pollutants. This analysis includes about 3.5 million births, with 6,639 postneonatal infant deaths. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic and other factors and for other pollutants, we found adjusted odds ratios of 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.27] for a 10-mu g/m(3) increase in PM10 for respiratory causes and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.32) for a 10-ppb increase in ozone and deaths from SIDS. We did not find relationships with other pollutants and for other causes of death (control category). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports particulate matter air pollution being a risk factor for respiratory-related postneonatal mortality and suggests that ozone may be associated with SIDS in the United States. C1 [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Darrow, Lyndsey A.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Parker, Jennifer D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 35 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1289/ehp.10370 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100033 PM 18197308 ER PT J AU Cantor, K Backer, L Nuckols, J Kieszak, S Branch, R Blount, B AF Cantor, K. Backer, L. Nuckols, J. Kieszak, S. Branch, R. Blount, B. TI Determinants of trihalomethane (THM) levels in blood after showering SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Cantor, K.; Nuckols, J.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Backer, L.; Kieszak, S.; Blount, B.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Branch, R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 MA ISEE-864 BP S215 EP S215 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TY UT WOS:000251889400040 ER PT J AU Riojas, RH Rodriguez, S Weber-Philippe, J Needham, L AF Riojas, Rodriguez H. Rodriguez, S. Weber-Philippe, J. Needham, L. TI Biomonitoring study of persistent organic pollutants and metals in pregnant women in Mexico SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Riojas, Rodriguez H.; Rodriguez, S.] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Needham, L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Natl Sante Publ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 MA ISEE-878 BP S219 EP S219 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TY UT WOS:000251889400054 ER PT J AU White, M AF White, M. TI The causes of cancer: What has happened since Doll and Peto's landmark paper? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [White, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP S226 EP S226 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244TY UT WOS:000251889400078 ER PT J AU Hedberg, CW Palazzi-Churas, KL Radke, VJ Selman, CA Tauxe, RV AF Hedberg, C. W. Palazzi-Churas, K. L. Radke, V. J. Selman, C. A. Tauxe, R. V. TI The use of clinical profiles in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks in restaurants: United States, 1982-1997 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; GASTROENTERITIS; EXPERIENCE AB Improving the efficiency of outbreak investigation in restaurants is critical to reducing outbreak-associated illness and improving prevention strategies. Because clinical characteristics of outbreaks are usually available before results of laboratory testing, we examined their use for determining contributing factors in outbreaks caused by restaurants. All confirmed foodborne Outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1982 to 1997 were reviewed. Clinical profiles were developed based on outbreak characteristics. We compared the percentage of contributing factors by known agent and clinical profile to their occurrence in outbreaks Of unclassified aetiology. In total, 2246 foodborne outbreaks were included: 697 (31%) with known aetiology and 1549 (69%) with aetiology undetermined. Salmonella accounted for 65% Of Outbreaks with a known aetiology. Norovirus-like clinical profiles were noted in 54% of Outbreaks with undetermined aetiology. Improper holding times and temperatures were associated with outbreaks caused by Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella, and also with outbreaks of undetermined aetiology that fitted diarrhoea-toxin and vomiting-toxin clinical profiles. Poor personal hygiene was associated with norovirus, Shigella, and Salmonella, and also with outbreaks that fitted norovirus-like and vomiting-toxin clinical profiles. Contributing factors were similar for outbreaks with known aetiology and for those where aetiology was assigned by corresponding clinical profile. Rapidly categorizing outbreaks by clinical profile, before results of laboratory testing are available, can help identification of factors which contributed to the occurrence of the outbreak and will promote timely and efficient outbreak investigations. C1 [Hedberg, C. W.; Palazzi-Churas, K. L.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Radke, V. J.; Selman, C. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. [Tauxe, R. V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, MMC 807,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM hedbe005@umn.edu FU CDC and the Association for Schools of Public Health [S1855] FX This work was supported by a cooperative agreement between the CDC and the Association for Schools of Public Health, Project No. S1855. The authors thank Dr Christopher Braden, and Alana Sulka, CDC. Foodborne Outbreaks Response and Surveillance Unit for assistance in obtaining and analysing the outbreak surveillance data. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008199 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GE UT WOS:000259198200008 PM 17335632 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CE Freeman, MC Ravani, M Migele, J Mwaki, A Ayalo, M Ombeki, S Hoekstra, RM Quick, R AF O'Reilly, C. E. Freeman, M. C. Ravani, M. Migele, J. Mwaki, A. Ayalo, M. Ombeki, S. Hoekstra, R. M. Quick, R. TI The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; DRINKING-WATER; INTERVENTION; CHLORINATION; TRANSMISSION; ABSENTEEISM; BANGLADESH; BEHAVIORS; MORBIDITY AB Safe drinking water and hygiene are essential to reducing Kenya's diarrhoeal disease burden. A school-based safe water and hygiene intervention in Kenya was evaluated to assess its impact on students' knowledge and parents' adoption of safe water and hygiene practices. We surveyed 390 students from nine schools and their parents at baseline and conducted a final evaluation of 363 students and their parents. From baseline to final evaluation, improvement was seen in students' knowledge of correct water treatment procedure (21-65%. P < 0.01) and knowing when to wash their hands. At final evaluation, 14% of parents reported currently treating their water. compared with 6% Lit baseline (P < 0.01). From 2004 to 2005. school absenteeism in the September-November term decreased in nine project schools by 35%, and increased in nine neighbouring comparison Schools by 5%. This novel programme shows promise for reducing, school absenteeism and promoting water and hygiene interventions in the home. C1 [O'Reilly, C. E.; Hoekstra, R. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foofborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Reilly, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Freeman, M. C.; Ravani, M.; Quick, R.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Safe Water, Atlanta, GA USA. [Migele, J.; Mwaki, A.; Ayalo, M.; Ombeki, S.] CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya. RP O'Reilly, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foofborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM coreilly@cdc.gov FU Coca-Cola Africa Foundation; United States Agency for International Development; Inter-Agency Agreement with the CDC; Bureau of Oceans; Environment and Science of the United States Department of State; Coca-Cola Company FX Funding for project implementation and evaluation was provided by the Coca-Cola Africa Foundation. Additional support for the evaluation wits provided by the United States Agency for International Development through an Inter-Agency Agreement with the CDC, the Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science of the United States Department of State, and a grant from the Coca-Cola Company to the Emory University Center for Global Safe Water. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008060 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GE UT WOS:000259198200010 PM 17306051 ER PT S AU Rassler, S Rubin, DB Zell, ER AF Raessler, Susanne Rubin, Donald B. Zell, Elizabeth R. BE Rao, CR Miller, JP Rao, DC TI Incomplete Data in Epidemiology and Medical Statistics SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS SE Handbook of Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIPLY-IMPUTED DATA; MISSING-DATA; EM ALGORITHM; PRINCIPAL STRATIFICATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SAMPLE-SURVEYS; IMPUTATION; INFERENCE; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Missing data are a common problem in most epidemiological and medical studies, including surveys and clinical trials. Imputation, or filling in the missing values, is an intuitive and flexible way to handle the incomplete data sets that arise because of such missing data. Here, in addition to imputation, including multiple imputation (MI), we discuss several other strategies and their theoretical background, as well as present some examples and advice on computation. Our focus is on MI, which is a statistically valid strategy for handling missing data, although we review other less sound methods, as well as direct maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for estimating parameters, which are also valid approaches. The analysis of a multiply-imputed data set is now relatively standard using readily available statistical software. The creation of multiply-imputed data sets is more challenging than their analysis but still straightforward relative to other valid methods of handling missing data, and we discuss available software for doing so. Ad hoc methods, including using singly-imputed data sets, almost always lead to invalid inferences and should be eschewed, especially when the focus is on valid interval estimation or testing hypotheses. C1 [Raessler, Susanne] Inst Employment Res, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany. [Raessler, Susanne] Fed Employment Agcy, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany. [Rubin, Donald B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. [Zell, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Rassler, S (reprint author), Inst Employment Res, Weddigenstr 20-22, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany. EM susanne.rassler@iab.de; rubin@stat.harvard.edu; ezell@cdc.gov NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7161 BN 978-0-08-055421-1; 978-0-44-452801-8 J9 HANDB STAT PY 2008 VL 27 BP 569 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S0169-7161(07)27019-1 PG 33 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BCQ79 UT WOS:000311041400020 ER PT J AU Martin, ET Adler, A Blume, H Gentsch, J Christakis, D Berg, A Gospe, S Zerr, D AF Martin, Emily T. Adler, A. Blume, H. Gentsch, J. Christakis, D. Berg, A. Gospe, S. Zerr, D. TI GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS AND FIRST-TIME SEIZURES IN CHILDREN SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Epilepsy-Society CY DEC 05-09, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Epilepsy Soc C1 [Martin, Emily T.; Adler, A.; Blume, H.; Christakis, D.; Gospe, S.; Zerr, D.] Childrens Hosp Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Gentsch, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berg, A.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Gospe, Sidney/G-6080-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2008 VL 49 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 363ZS UT WOS:000260306600535 ER PT J AU Burneo, JG Jette, N Begley, C Theodore, W Parko, K Thurman, D Wiebe, S AF Burneo, Jorge G. Jette, Nathalie Begley, Charles Theodore, W. Parko, K. Thurman, D. Wiebe, S. TI DISPARITIES IN EPILEPSY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN NORTH AMERICA. A REPORT FROM THE DISPARITIES IN EPILEPSY TASK FORCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Epilepsy-Society CY DEC 05-09, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Epilepsy Soc C1 [Burneo, Jorge G.] Univ Western Ontario, Epilepsy Programme, London, ON, Canada. [Jette, Nathalie; Wiebe, S.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Parko, K.] VAMC, US Publ Hlth Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. [Theodore, W.] NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Thurman, D.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Begley, Charles] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2008 VL 49 BP 487 EP 488 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 363ZS UT WOS:000260306601131 ER PT J AU Waters, T Genaidy, A Viruet, HB Makola, M AF Waters, Thomas Genaidy, Ash Viruet, Heriberto Barriera Makola, Mbulelo TI The impact of operating heavy equipment vehicles on lower back disorders SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE vibration; mechanical shock; musculoskeletal disorders; critical review; meta-analysis ID WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; DYNAMIC PHYSICAL WORK; FORK-LIFT TRUCK; SEDENTARY WORK; RISK-FACTORS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE; CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; POSTURAL STRESS; CRANE OPERATORS AB Literature reviews examining the relationship between heavy equipment vehicle (HEV) operation and the development of musculoskeletal disorders have generally been qualitative in nature and have not employed an evidence-based assessment procedure. This research determines the extent to which whole-body vibration/shock and working postures are associated with lower back and neck disorders among HEV operators, while accounting for individual (i.e. age, gender, prior history of back or neck disorders) and occupational (i.e. material handling, climatic conditions, psychosocial factors) confounders. Published articles were obtained from a search of electronic databases and from bibliographies in the identified articles. A critical appraisal of these articles was conducted using an epidemiological appraisal instrument (Genaidy et al. 2007). The meta-analysis was conducted using statistical techniques employing fixed-effect and random-effect models. Eighteen articles reporting observational studies satisfied the inclusion criteria adopted for this research. The methodological qualities of the published studies ranged from marginal to average. The meta-relative risk was found to be 2.21, indicating that operators exposed to driving HEVs are at more than twice the risk of developing lower back pain in comparison to those not exposed to driving HEVs. Therefore, it seems possible that there is a causal relationship between working as a HEV operator and development of lower back disorders. Prospective cohort studies are urgently needed to confirm the outcomes of this evidence-based methodology (based in part on the meta-analysis) and the biological plausibility should be further explored. The reported findings point to a need for improved ergonomic design of HEVs. C1 [Waters, Thomas] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Genaidy, Ash; Viruet, Heriberto Barriera; Makola, Mbulelo] Univ Cincinnati, Mfg Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Waters, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM trwl@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 5 BP 602 EP 636 DI 10.1080/00140130701779197 PG 35 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 292OO UT WOS:000255276200002 PM 18432441 ER PT J AU Bell, J Collins, J Wolf, L Gronqvist, R Chiou, S Chang, WR Sorock, GS Courtney, TK Lombardi, DA Evanoff, B AF Bell, Jennifer L. Collins, James W. Wolf, Laurie Gronqvist, Raoul Chiou, Sharon Chang, Wen-Ruey Sorock, Gary S. Courtney, Theodore K. Lombardi, David A. Evanoff, Bradley TI Evaluation of a comprehensive slip, trip and fall prevention programme for hospital employees SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE injury epidemiology; slips; trips; falls; healthcare workers ID DIFFERENT WORK GROUPS; OCCUPATIONAL INJURY; UNDERFOOT ACCIDENTS; CONSTRUCTION; LEVEL; AGE AB In 2007, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the incidence rate of lost workday injuries from slips, trips and falls (STFs) on the same level in hospitals was 35.2 per 10,000 full-time equivalents (FTE), which was 75% greater than the average rate for all other private industries combined (20.2 per 10,000 FTEs). The objectives of this 10-year (1996-2005) longitudinal study were to: 1) describe occupational STF injury events in hospitals; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for reducing STF incidents among hospital employees. The comprehensive prevention programme included analysis of injury records to identify common causes of STFs, on-site hazard assessments, changes to housekeeping procedures and products, introduction of STF preventive products and procedures, general awareness campaigns, programmes for external ice and snow removal, flooring changes and slip-resistant footwear for certain employee subgroups. The hospitals' total STF workers' compensation claims rate declined by 58% from the pre-intervention (1996-1999) rate of 1.66 claims per 100 FTE to the post-intervention (2003-2005) time period rate of 0.76 claims per 100 FTE (adjusted rate ratio=0.42, 95% CI: 0.33-0.54). STFs due to liquid contamination (water, fluid, slippery, greasy and slick spots) were the most common cause (24%) of STF claims for the entire study period 1996-2005. Food services, transport/emergency medical service and housekeeping staff were at highest risk of a STF claim in the hospital environment. Nursing and office administrative staff generated the largest numbers of STF claims. STF injury events in hospitals have a myriad of causes and the work conditions in hospitals are diverse. This research provides evidence that implementation of a broad-scale prevention programme can significantly reduce STF injury claims. C1 [Bell, Jennifer L.; Collins, James W.; Chiou, Sharon] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Wolf, Laurie] Corp Hlth Serv, BJC Hlth Care, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Gronqvist, Raoul] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki 00250, Finland. [Chang, Wen-Ruey; Courtney, Theodore K.; Lombardi, David A.] Liberty Mutual Res Inst Safety, Hopkinton, MA 01748 USA. [Sorock, Gary S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Evanoff, Bradley] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Bell, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM JBell@cdc.gov RI Courtney, Theodore/J-8902-2013; OI Evanoff, Bradley A./0000-0003-0085-333X; Chang, Wen-Ruey/0000-0003-0116-1386 NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1906 EP 1925 AR PII 904367317 DI 10.1080/00140130802248092 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 376NB UT WOS:000261189200009 PM 18932056 ER PT J AU Eshel, A Moore, A Mishra, M Wooster, J Toledo, C Uhl, G Wright-DeAguero, L AF Eshel, Ariela Moore, Andrea Mishra, Meenoo Wooster, Joanna Toledo, Carlos Uhl, Gary Wright-DeAguero, Linda TI Community stakeholders' perspectives on the impact of the minority AIDS initiative in strengthening HIV prevention capacity in four communities SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; minorities; community ID ORGANIZATIONS AB Objective. The Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) was launched in 1998 to address the disproportionate rates of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted an evaluation to assess the influence of MAI in four communities, and the extent to which these communities increased their capacity to meet the HIV prevention needs of racial and ethnic minorities. Design. Retrospective data were collected annually through individual interviews over three years. Individual interviews were conducted with community stakeholders across the three waves of data collection. Data were analyzed using standardized qualitative methods including codebook development, coding, inter-coder agreement assessments, and data interpretation. This paper will highlight one area of inquiry - community stakeholders' perceptions of the impact of MAI in their communities. Results. Community stakeholders reported that MAI increased capacity to respond to the HIV epidemic and provide services to racial and ethnic minorities. Specifically, MAI was perceived to have increased community empowerment, involvement, and awareness of HIV/AIDS; expanded HIV-related services and organizational self-sufficiency; and improved collaboration and the coordination of services in the community. Although recognizing MAI gave national focus to the impact of the epidemic on minority communities, respondents raised concerns about the implementation process and the lack of sustainability planning. Conclusion. MAI represented an initial national attempt to address the disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS among racial and ethnic minorities. However, other strategies are also needed to address these significant health disparities. At CDC, steps are currently underway to develop a comprehensive strategy to prevent and reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS among racial and ethnic minorities. As community stakeholders are critical partners in the effort to prevent the spread of HIV, strengthening their capacity and promoting their involvement can help combat the epidemic. C1 [Toledo, Carlos; Uhl, Gary; Wright-DeAguero, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uhl, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GUhl@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1080/13557850701803155 PG 16 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250TV UT WOS:000252324500003 PM 18066737 ER PT J AU Richter, P Beistle, D Pederson, L O'Hegarty, M AF Richter, Patricia Beistle, Diane Pederson, Linda O'Hegarty, Michelle TI Small-group discussions on menthol cigarettes: listening to adult African American smokers in Atlanta, Georgia SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cigarettes; African American; smoker; menthol; health effects; risk perceptions; marketing; social influences ID UNITED-STATES; SMOKING; CESSATION; PERCEPTIONS AB Objective. In 2002, the First Conference on Menthol Cigarettes brought together researchers from diverse backgrounds to summarize what is known about menthol cigarettes and the people who smoke them, and to identify areas of needed research on menthol cigarettes. Since the conference, PubMed reports 24 articles, including the conference proceedings, on menthol cigarettes and African Americans. Many of the articles address epidemiological or biomedical topics. While there has been some focus on social influences and marketing issues, more research and a greater focus on this topic are needed. Design. To stimulate research on a population disproportionately burdened by the health effects of smoking, we conducted small-group discussions in 2005 with adult African American smokers in Atlanta, Georgia. Each group discussion focused on a different topic: smoking behavior and preferences, perceptions of social influences, health effects and perceived harmfulness of menthol, quitting menthol cigarette smoking, or the influence of marketing and advertising of menthol cigarettes. Results. Themes emerged from the discussions: (1) emulation of black culture by white youth and racial integration of neighborhoods and communities may have modified the perception that African Americans smoke menthol cigarettes and whites smoke non-menthol cigarettes; (2) non-menthol cigarette smokers were thought to be 'hardcore' smokers with less interest in quitting; (3) switching to non-menthol cigarettes was discussed as a way of quitting cigarettes for habitual menthol smokers; and, (4) smoking menthol cigarettes was thought to lead to fewer negative health effects. Conclusion. Some topics suggested by the participants warrant further investigation. More research is needed to assess the pervasiveness of these beliefs and their potential utility for smoking cessation interventions. C1 [Richter, Patricia; Beistle, Diane; Pederson, Linda; O'Hegarty, Michelle] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richter, P (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prichter@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1080/13557850701784694 PG 12 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290XL UT WOS:000255156800005 PM 18425713 ER PT J AU Sengupta, N Booy, R Schmitt, HJ Peltola, H Van-Damme, P Schumacher, RF Campins, M Rodrigo, C Heikkinen, T Seward, J Jumaan, A Finn, A Olcen, P Thiry, N Weil-Olivier, C Breuer, J AF Sengupta, Nitu Booy, Robert Schmitt, H. J. Peltola, Heikki Van-Damme, Pierre Schumacher, R. Fabian Campins, Magda Rodrigo, Carlos Heikkinen, Terho Seward, Jane Jumaan, Aisha Finn, Adam Olcen, Per Thiry, Nancy Weil-Olivier, Catherine Breuer, Judith TI Varicella vaccination in Europe: are we ready for a universal childhood programme? SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; vaccination; chickenpox; zoster; herpes zoster; shingles ID ZOSTER-VIRUS-INFECTION; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; HERPES-ZOSTER; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; DAY-CARE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; SAFETY AB Safe and effective vaccines against varicella zoster virus (VZV), the aetiological agent of varicella and shingles, have been available in Europe for the last 5-10 years. The USA has had a universal childhood vaccination policy since 1995 and this has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the incidence, morbidity and mortality related to varicella. The economic and medical burden of VZV has led to discussions regarding both the desirability and feasability of a similar routine immunisation policy for all European children. This article examines the epidemiology of varicella in Europe and how the data emerging from the USA can be used to achieve adequate prevention of the disease. It looks into the current evidence of the health economic evaluation of universal varicella vaccination and explores the concerns surrounding such a policy, including the postulated impact on the incidence of zoster. In conclusion, the Society of Independent European Vaccination Experts (SIEVE) recommends that the immunisation of susceptible adolescents needs to be urgently implemented, in addition to the current recommendations targeting high-risk patients, their close contacts with a negative history of varicella and seronegative health-care workers. A universal policy, optimally incorporating a two-dose schedule, will be needed to finally reduce the burden of disease of varicella from a societal point of view. The SIEVE recommends the implementation of such a policy as soon as financially and practically possible. C1 Ctr Infect Dis, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, London E1 2AT, England. Royal London Hosp, Ctr Child Hlth, London E1 2AX, England. Westmead Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisation Res & Surveillance, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Zentrum Praventive Padiat, D-55101 Mainz, Germany. Hosp Children & Adolescent, HUCH, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, Ctr Evaluat Vaccinat, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Studi Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Gen Valle Hebron, Serv Med Prevent & Epidemiol, Barcelona 08035, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ German Trias I Pujol, Serv Pediat, Barcelona 08916, Spain. Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UBHT, Educ Ctr, Inst Child Hlth, Bristol BS2 8AE, Avon, England. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol & Immunol, SE-70185 Orebrp, Sweden. Hosp Louis Mourier, F-92700 Colombes, France. RP Sengupta, N (reprint author), Ctr Infect Dis, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, ICMS Bldg,4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, England. EM n.sengupta@qmul.ac.uk; j.breuer@qmul.ac.uk RI van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013; OI Heikkinen, Terho/0000-0001-6504-0116; Rodrigo, Carlos/0000-0003-1140-2585; Breuer, Judith/0000-0001-8246-0534 NR 74 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6199 J9 EUR J PEDIATR JI Eur. J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 167 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00431-007-0424-0 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 234NU UT WOS:000251171600007 PM 17334784 ER PT J AU McGee, L Tenover, FC Beall, B Klugman, KP AF McGee, Lesley Tenover, Fred C. Beall, Bernard Klugman, Keith P. BE Baquero, F Nombela, C Cassell, GH GutierrezFuentes, JA TI Emergence, Spread, and Extinction of Pathogenic Bacterial Clones SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; GROUP-G STREPTOCOCCI; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; EPIDEMIC CLONE; PNEUMONIAE; CHILDREN C1 [McGee, Lesley; Klugman, Keith P.] Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.; Beall, Bernard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGee, L (reprint author), Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-563-9 PY 2008 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BOX96 UT WOS:000277991000019 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Vinje, J AF Widdowson, Marc-Alain Vinje, Jan BE Koopmans, MPG Cliver, DO Bosch, A TI Food-Borne Viruses-State of the Art SO FOOD-BORNE VIRUSES: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; OYSTER-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS; NOROVIRUS GENOGROUP-I; CHI-MINH-CITY; TIME RT-PCR; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS C1 [Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Mailstop A34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 181 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-573-8 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2008 BP 29 EP 64 PG 36 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BOY57 UT WOS:000278067000004 ER PT B AU Carroll, DS AF Carroll, Darin S. BE Smith, G Kelly, AM TI Monkeypox A Threat to the United States? SO FOOD SECURITY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carroll, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-2044-5 PY 2008 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BMF61 UT WOS:000272195700012 ER PT B AU Rupprecht, C Wang, LF Real, LA AF Rupprecht, Charles Wang, Lin-Fa Real, Leslie A. BE Smith, G Kelly, AM TI Bat Zoonoses The Realities SO FOOD SECURITY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RABIES VIRUS; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; ORAL VACCINATION; RESERVOIR; SARS C1 [Rupprecht, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborat Ctr Rabies Reference & Res, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rupprecht, Charles] Emory Univ, Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut Training Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wang, Lin-Fa] Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Wang, Lin-Fa] Australian Biosecur Cooperat Res Ctr Emerging Inf, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Rupprecht, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-2044-5 PY 2008 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BMF61 UT WOS:000272195700013 ER PT B AU Mainzer, H AF Mainzer, Hugh BE Smith, G Kelly, AM TI The Public Health Workforce SO FOOD SECURITY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mainzer, Hugh] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Mainzer, Hugh] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med & Family Hlth, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Mainzer, H (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-2044-5 PY 2008 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BMF61 UT WOS:000272195700015 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Allen, Andrew S. Satten, Glen A. TI Robust estimation and testing of haplotype effects in case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control; haplotypes; nuisance parameter; efficient score; retrospective likelihood; prospective likelihood ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; UNPHASED GENOTYPE DATA; LINKAGE PHASE; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; INFERENCE; FREQUENCIES; ALGORITHM; TRAITS AB Haplotype-based analyses are thought to play a major role in the study of common complex diseases. This has led to the development of a variety of statistical methods for detecting disease-haplotype associations from case-control study data. However, haplotype phase is often uncertain when only genotype data is available. Methods that account for haplotype ambiguity by modeling the distribution of haplotypes can, if this distribution is misspecified, lead to substantial bias in parameter estimates even when complete genotype data is available. Here we study estimators that can be derived from score functions of appropriate likelihoods. We use the efficient score approach to estimation in the presence of nuisance parameters to a derive novel estimators that are robust to the haplotype distribution. We establish key relationships between estimators and study their empirical performance via simulation. C1 [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allen, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, 7057 N Pavil,DUMC 3850, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM andrew.s.allen@duke.edu OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K25 HL077663] NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1002/gepi.20259 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 249ZW UT WOS:000252270800004 PM 17948229 ER PT J AU Green, RF Olney, RS Reefhuis, J Botto, LD Romitti, PA AF Green, Ridgely Fisk Olney, Richard S. Reefhuis, Jennita Botto, Lorenzo D. Romitti, Paul A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal reports of family history from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2001 SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE National Birth Defects Prevention Study; family history; birth defects; maternal interview; congenital heart defects AB Purpose: To assess usefulness of family history information obtained in pediatric practice, we evaluated maternally reported family history data. Methods: We analyzed family history responses from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study using interview data from mothers of children with birth defects (n = 9,331) and of unaffected liveborn children (n = 3,390) with 1997-2001 estimated delivery dates. We examined the effects of demographic factors, case-control status, and type of defect on birth defect family history reports. Interview information was compared with occurrence of prenatal testing. Results: Among case mothers, 1,577 (17%) reported a first- or second-degree relative with a birth defect, compared with 327 (10%) control mothers (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.68-2.16). Reports of affected relatives were also more frequent among mothers who were non-Hispanic white, were 25 years or older, had more than 12 years of education, had an annual household income greater than $20,000, were born in the United States, and completed an English-language interview. Conclusion: Reporting a family history of birth defects might be influenced by maternal demographic factors, which should be considered in developing pediatric family history tools. C1 [Green, Ridgely Fisk; Olney, Richard S.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Natl Birth Defects Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Green, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Natl Birth Defects Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM grfl@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31815f1def PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 253UI UT WOS:000252542700006 PM 18197055 ER PT J AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, B. W. J. TI Coxsackie B viruses: An introduction SO GROUP B COXSACKIEVIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS; TYPE-1 DIABETES-MELLITUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; RECEPTOR; RNA; ASSOCIATION; MYOCARDITIS; ONSET C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxml@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2008 VL 323 BP VII EP XIII PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BHO59 UT WOS:000254878800001 PM 18357762 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS AF Oberste, M. S. TI Comparative genomics of the coxsackie B viruses and related enteroviruses SO GROUP B COXSACKIEVIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ACTING REPLICATION ELEMENT; VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS; STRAND RNA-SYNTHESIS; 3 UNTRANSLATED REGION; 5' NONCODING REGION; NTP-BINDING MOTIF; POLIOVIRUS RNA; NEGATIVE-STRAND; IN-VITRO AB Genomic analysis of the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) has improved our understanding of CVB evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Comparison of capsid sequence alignments and virion structures allows correlation of capsid diversity with surface features, such as loops, the receptor canyon, and antigenic sites. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses can be used to rapidly identify and classify enteroviruses. Enteroviruses are monophyletic by type only within the capsid region. The CVBs as a group are monophyletic in the capsid region, probably due to their shared use of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (other members of HEV-B use different receptors). Outside the capsid region, enteroviruses are monophyletic only by species (not by type), reflecting a high frequency of intertypic recombination within a species. Further genomic studies, accompanied by well-characterized clinical outcome/disease data, will facilitate fine-scale mapping of genetic determinants that contribute to virulence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 98 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2008 VL 323 BP 33 EP 47 PG 15 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BHO59 UT WOS:000254878800003 PM 18357764 ER PT J AU Barrett, D White, M AF Barrett, Drue White, Mark TI Social justice is a global issue: Ethical pandemic planning SO HASTINGS CENTER REPORT LA English DT Letter C1 [Barrett, Drue; White, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrett, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HASTINGS CENTER PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA 255 ELM ROAD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510 USA SN 0093-0334 J9 HASTINGS CENT REP JI Hastings Cent. Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Ethics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 261QK UT WOS:000253094900003 PM 18314795 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Passin, WF Herbst, JH Rama, SM Malow, RM Purcell, DW Wolitski, RJ AF Crepaz, Nicole Passin, Warren F. Herbst, Jeffrey H. Rama, Sima M. Malow, Robert M. Purcell, David W. Wolitski, Richard J. CA HIV AIDS Prevention Res Synth PRS TI Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions on HIV-positive persons' mental health and immune functioning SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS prevention; cognitive behavioral intervention; psychological states; immune function; people living with HIV; meta-analysis ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; STRESS-MANAGEMENT; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; GROUP-PSYCHOTHERAPY; PERCEIVED STRESS; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GAY MEN AB Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions (CBIs) for improving the mental health and immune functioning of people living with HIV (PLWH). Design: Comprehensive searches of electronic databases from 1988 to 2005, hand searches of journals, reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers. Meta-analytic approaches were used in synthesizing findings. Main Outcome Measures: Intervention effects on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger, stress, and CD4 cell counts were assessed. Results: Data from 15 controlled trials were analyzed. Significant intervention effects were observed for improving symptoms of depression (d = 0.33), anxiety (d = 0.30), anger (d = 1.00), and stress (d = 0.43). There is limited evidence suggesting intervention effects on CD4 cell counts (d = 0.08). The aggregated effect size estimates for depression and anxiety were statistically significant in trials that provided stress management skills training and had more than 10 intervention sessions. Conclusion: CBIs are efficacious in improving various psychological states of PLWH. Future research should examine the relationship among interventions, psychological states, medication adherence, and immune functions, and identify other relevant factors associated with intervention effects. C1 [Crepaz, Nicole; Passin, Warren F.; Herbst, Jeffrey H.; Rama, Sima M.; Purcell, David W.; Wolitski, Richard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Malow, Robert M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Robert Stempel Sch Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 66 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.4 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 254RD UT WOS:000252604800003 PM 18230008 ER PT J AU Grosse, S AF Grosse, Scott TI Public Health perspective on neonatal screening SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grosse, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2008 VL 70 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 356NT UT WOS:000259785600021 ER PT J AU Pickering, LK AF Pickering, Larry K. TI Antimicrobial resistance among enteric pathogens SO HOT TOPICS IN INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN IV SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI SUBSP-JEJUNI; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRUG-RESISTANCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LPickering@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2008 VL 609 BP 154 EP 163 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BHE06 UT WOS:000252396000012 PM 18193664 ER PT J AU Devine, OJ Qualters, JR AF Devine, Owen J. Qualters, Judith R. TI Bayesian updating of model-based risk estimates using imperfect public health surveillance data SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian melding; Bayesian Monte Carlo; Markov chain Monte Carlo; health risk assessment; combining information ID DETERMINISTIC SIMULATION-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; CANCER REGISTRIES; UNITED-STATES; COMPLETENESS; INFERENCE; RADON AB Model-based estimation of the human health risks resulting from exposure to environmental contaminants can be an important tool for structuring public health policy. Due to uncertainties in the modeling process, the outcomes of these assessments are usually probabilistic representations of a range of possible risks. In some cases, health surveillance data are available for the assessment population over all or a subset of the risk projection period and this additional information can be used to augment the model-based estimates. We use a Bayesian approach to update model-based estimates of health risks based on available health outcome data. Updated uncertainty distributions for risk estimates are derived using Monte Carlo sampling, which allows flexibility to model realistic situations including measurement error in the observable outcomes. We illustrate the approach by using imperfect public health surveillance data on lung cancer deaths to update model-based lung cancer mortality risk estimates in a population exposed to ionizing radiation from a uranium processing facility. C1 [Devine, Owen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Qualters, Judith R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Devine, OJ (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, MS E-87,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ODevine@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 696 EP 713 DI 10.1080/10807030802235094 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331GR UT WOS:000258001200003 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV O'Brien, SJ Kirk, M AF Tauxe, Robert V. O'Brien, Sarah J. Kirk, Martyn BE Doyle, MP Erickson, MC TI Outbreaks of Food-Borne Diseases Related to the International Food Trade SO IMPORTED FOODS: MICROBIOLOGICAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SALMONELLA-AGONA INFECTION; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; EAT SAVOURY SNACK; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOODBORNE-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALFALFA SPROUTS C1 [Tauxe, Robert V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Brien, Sarah J.] Univ Manchester, Hope Hosp, Salford M6 8HD, Lancs, England. [Kirk, Martyn] OzFoodNet, Off Hlth Protect, Dept Hlth & Ageing, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-413-7 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2008 BP 69 EP 112 PG 44 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ49 UT WOS:000278999400005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, M AF Reynolds, Mary CA Damon, I TI Monkeypox and other orthopox-associated diseases of humans and animals SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reynolds, Mary; Damon, I] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOC PI HISAR PA CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, HISAR, 125 004, INDIA SN 0970-2822 J9 INDIAN J VIROL JI Indian J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 349TB UT WOS:000259305100052 ER PT J AU Powers, AM AF Powers, Ann M. TI The reemergence of chikungunya virus SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Powers, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOC PI HISAR PA CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, HISAR, 125 004, INDIA SN 0970-2822 J9 INDIAN J VIROL JI Indian J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 88 EP 89 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 349TB UT WOS:000259305100121 ER PT J AU Livengood, JA Schmit, VL Gilmore, RD AF Livengood, Jill A. Schmit, Virginia L. Gilmore, Robert D., Jr. TI Global transcriptome analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi during association with human neuroglial cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; RHESUS-MONKEY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS AB As adherence and entry of a pathogen into a host cell are key components to an infection, identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular association will provide a better understanding of a microbe's pathogenesis. We previously established an in vitro model for Borrelia burgdorferi infection of human neuroglial cells. To expand on our earlier study, we performed B. burgdorferi whole-genome expression analysis following a 20-hour infection of human neuroglial cells to identify borrelial genes that were differentially regulated during host-cell association compared with cultured Borrelia in cell-free medium. This study identifies several regulated genes, the products of which may be important mediators of cellular pathogenesis. C1 [Livengood, Jill A.; Schmit, Virginia L.; Gilmore, Robert D., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterail Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterail Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rbg9@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1128/IAI.00866-07 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 248BJ UT WOS:000252126000032 PM 17984208 ER PT J AU Chang, DC Burwell, LA Lyon, GM Pappas, PG Chiller, TM Wannemuehler, KA Fridkin, SK Park, BJ AF Chang, Douglas C. Burwell, Lauren A. Lyon, G. Marshall Pappas, Peter G. Chiller, Tom M. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Fridkin, Scott K. Park, Benjamin J. TI Comparison of the use of administrative data and an active system for surveillance of invasive aspergillosis SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 14-17, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; SURGERY; CARE AB BACKGROUND. Administrative data, such as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, are readily available and are an attractive option for surveillance and quality assessment within a single institution or for interinstitutional comparisons. To understand the usefulness of administrative data for the surveillance of invasive aspergillosis, we compared information obtained from a system based on ICD-9 codes with information obtained from an active, prospective surveillance system, which used more extensive casefinding methods (Transplant Associated Infection Surveillance Network). METHODS. Patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis were identified by aspergillosis-related ICD-9 codes assigned to hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients at a single hospital from April 1, 2001, through January 31, 2005. Suspected cases were classified as proven or probable invasive aspergillosis by medical record review using standard definitions. We calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of identifying invasive aspergillosis by individual ICD-9 codes and by combinations of codes. RESULTS. The sensitivity of code 117.3 was modest (63% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 38% -84%]), as was the PPV (71% [95% CI, 44%-90%]); the sensitivity of code 117.9 was poor (32% [95% CI, 13%-57%]), as was the PPV (15% [95% CI, 6%-31%]). The sensitivity of codes 117.3 and 117.9 combined was 84% (95% CI, 60%-97%); the PPV of the combined codes was 30% (95% CI, 18%-44%). Overall, ICD-9 codes triggered a review of medical records for 64 medical patients, only 16 (25%) of whom had proven or probable invasive aspergillosis. CONCLUSIONS. A surveillance system that involved multiple ICD-9 codes was sufficiently sensitive to identify most cases of invasive aspergillosis; however, the poor PPV of ICD-9 codes means that this approach is not adequate as the sole tool used to classify cases. Screening ICD-9 codes to trigger a medical record review might be a useful method of surveillance for invasive aspergillosis and quality assessment, although more investigation is needed. C1 [Chang, Douglas C.; Burwell, Lauren A.; Chiller, Tom M.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Park, Benjamin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lyon, G. Marshall] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pappas, Peter G.] Univ Alabama, Med Sch Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Chang, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dccnjms@gmail.com; bip5@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1086/524324 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 248SG UT WOS:000252174900004 PM 18171183 ER PT J AU Blossom, DB Alelis, KA Chang, DC Flores, AH Gill, J Beall, D Peterson, AM Jensen, B Noble-Wang, J Williams, M Yakrus, MA Arduino, MJ Srinivasan, A AF Blossom, D. B. Alelis, K. A. Chang, D. C. Flores, A. H. Gill, J. Beall, D. Peterson, A. M. Jensen, B. Noble-Wang, J. Williams, M. Yakrus, M. A. Arduino, M. J. Srinivasan, A. TI Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus infection caused by laboratory contamination SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 14-17, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INJECTION; CHELONAE; PATTERNS AB OBJECTIVE. To investigate the cause( s) of an increased incidence of clinical cultures growing Mycobacterium abscessus at a hospital in Florida. DESIGN. Outbreak investigation. SETTING. University-affiliated, tertiary-care hospital. METHODS. A site visit was done during the first week of September 2006. We reviewed the medical records of patients from whom M. abscessus was recovered during the period from January 1, 2003, through June 30, 2006. We collected environmental samples from various sites and evaluated specimen processing procedures in the microbiology laboratory. Isolates of M. abscessus recovered from the environment and from 12 randomly selected patients who sought medical care in 2006 were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Followup case surveillance was continued through March 31, 2007. RESULTS. Specimens from 143 patients obtained from various anatomical sites grew M. abscessus on culture in 2005-2006, compared with specimens from 21 patients in 2003-2004. The 12 isolates from patients that were selected for molecular typing had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. Observations revealed no major breaches in the processing of mycobacterial specimens in the laboratory. Isolates grew only after prolonged incubation (mean +/- SD, 45 +/- 15 days) in test tubes containing diagonally oriented Middlebrook and Cohn 7H10 agar or Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Environmental samples obtained from the inside of the specimen incubator grew M. abscessus on culture. A test tube containing diagonally oriented, uninoculated Middlebrook and Cohn 7H10 agar that was incubated in the same incubator as clinical specimens grew M. abscessus with a PFGE pattern that matched the pattern of the patient isolates. Cases of M. abscessus infection decreased to baseline after the hospital changed suppliers of mycobacterial media and cleaned the incubator. CONCLUSIONS. Although the source was never confirmed, our investigation suggests that this was a pseudo-outbreak of M. abscessus infection that resulted from contamination of mycobacterial cultures during incubation. Our findings emphasize the need for guidance on the disinfection of specimen incubators. C1 [Blossom, D. B.; Peterson, A. M.; Jensen, B.; Noble-Wang, J.; Williams, M.; Arduino, M. J.; Srinivasan, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yakrus, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blossom, D. B.; Chang, D. C.; Flores, A. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Carrer Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blossom, D. B.; Chang, D. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blossom, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dblossom@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 26 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1086/524328 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 248SG UT WOS:000252174900009 PM 18171188 ER PT J AU Singh, N Brennan, PJ Bell, M AF Singh, Nalini Brennan, Patrick J. Bell, Michael TI Primum Non Nocere SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Singh, Nalini] George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Singh, Nalini] George Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Brennan, Patrick J.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bell, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM iche@press.uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 SU 1 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1086/591865 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA V30LP UT WOS:000208817800001 PM 18840083 ER PT J AU Stettler, LE Sharpnack, DD Krieg, EF AF Stettler, Lloyd E. Sharpnack, Douglas D. Krieg, Edward F. TI Chronic inhalation of short asbestos: Lung fiber burdens and histopathology for monkeys maintained for 11.5 years after exposure SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; PURE TREMOLITE; GLASS-FIBERS; RATS; BIOPERSISTENCE; PATHOGENICITY; DEPOSITION; TOXICOLOGY; CLEARANCE AB In an earlier report, Platek et al. ( 1985) presented the results of an 18-month inhalation exposure of rats and monkeys to short chrysotile asbestos. The mean chamber exposure level was 1.0 mg/ m(3) with an average of 0.79 fibers/ ml > 5 mu m in length. Gross and histopathological examination of exposed and control rats indicated no treatment-related lesions. Asbestos bodies adjacent to the terminal bronchioles, but no fibrosis, were found in lung biopsy tissue taken from the exposed monkeys at 10 months post-exposure. Fifteen monkeys ( 9 exposed and 6 controls) from this study were maintained for 11.5 years following exposure. Lung fiber burdens were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The mean lung burden ( +/- standard deviation) for 59 samples from exposed monkeys was 63 +/- 30 x 10(6) fibers/ g dry lung ( range, 18-139 x 10(6)). The geometric mean fiber length was 3.5 mu m with 35% of the fibers being > 5 mu m in length. These data indicate some chrysotile fibers are durable in vivo for a significant period of time. Lungs were examined grossly and microscopically. No lesions attributable to the inhalation exposure were noted. Asbestos bodies were seen in the lungs of treated monkeys, primarily in the interstitium near bronchioles or small pulmonary blood vessels ( which also may have been near to bronchioles just out of the plane of section). C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sharpnack, DD (reprint author), Vet Path Serv Inc, 6450 Castle Dr, Mason, OH 45040 USA. EM dsharpnack@vetpathservicesinc.com NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1080/08958370701665566 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286BW UT WOS:000254821400010 PM 18236224 ER PT J AU Maxim, LD Allshouse, J Fairfax, RE Lentz, TJ Venturin, D Walters, TE AF Maxim, L. Daniel Allshouse, John Fairfax, Richard E. Lentz, T. J. Venturin, Dean Walters, Thomas E. TI Workplace monitoring of occupational exposure to refractory ceramic fiber - A 17-year retrospective SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL FURNACES; PROGRAM; REMOVAL; WORKERS; HAZARD; DUST AB This article presents a 17-year (1990-2006) retrospective summary of ongoing studies of occupational exposure to refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in the United States. Beginning in 1990, RCF producers integrated and harmonized individual workplace monitoring programs to provide data useful for various longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses, benchmarking, and various technical analyses. For 10 of these 17 years, the program has been conducted in partnership with government agencies, first a 5-year (1993-1998) program with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and later another 5-year (2002-2006) program with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. This article updates earlier published studies and provides lessons to be learned in the design of industrial hygiene monitoring and control programs. C1 [Maxim, L. Daniel; Allshouse, John] Everest Consulting Associates, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. [Fairfax, Richard E.] US Dept Labor, Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC 20210 USA. [Lentz, T. J.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Venturin, Dean] Unifrax Corp, New York, NY USA. [Walters, Thomas E.] Morgan Insulat Inc, Erwin, TN USA. RP Maxim, LD (reprint author), Everest Consulting Associates, 15 N Main St, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. EM Postsf@aol.com NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 289 EP 309 DI 10.1080/08958370701866040 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286CB UT WOS:000254821900006 PM 18300048 ER PT J AU Baron, PA Deye, GJ Chen, BT Schwegler-Berry, DE Shvedova, AA Castranova, V AF Baron, Paul A. Deye, Gregory J. Chen, Bean T. Schwegler-Berry, Diane E. Shvedova, Anna A. Castranova, Vincent TI Aerosolization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for an inhalation study SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TOXICITY; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; MICE AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are being produced in increasing quantities because of high interest in applications resulting from their unique properties. Because of potential respiratory exposures during production and handling, inhalation studies are needed to determine potential toxicity. A generation system was designed to produce respirable aerosol at 5 mg/m(3) for a 1-wk animal (mouse) exposure. The starting material used in these experiments was as-produced powder from the high pressure carbon monoxide method that was sieved to number 6 mesh (< 2.3 mm). An acoustic feeder system was developed that handled the SWCNT powder without causing compaction of the material. The feed rate was adjustable, allowing output concentrations as high as 25 mg/m(3). The powder particles were reduced in size using a mill that produced high shear forces, tearing the agglomerates apart. The resulting aerosol was size-separated using a settling chamber and two cyclones to produce a respirable aerosol. The mass output efficiency of the entire system for producing a respirable aerosol from bulk material was estimated to be about 10%. C1 [Baron, Paul A.; Deye, Gregory J.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Chen, Bean T.; Schwegler-Berry, Diane E.; Shvedova, Anna A.; Castranova, Vincent] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pab2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.1080/08958370801975303 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 318CR UT WOS:000257069700003 PM 18569097 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Bove, F Kapil, V AF Horton, D. Kevin Bove, Frank Kapil, Vikas TI Select mortality and cancer incidence among residents in various US Communities that received asbestos-contaminated vermiculite ore from Libby, Montana SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; INSULATION WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; TURKEY AB In response to the significantly elevated asbestosis mortality rates found in Libby, Montana, in 2000, this analysis evaluated whether other communities throughout the United States that received asbestos-contaminated vermiculite ore from Libby experienced similar excess rates of asbestos-related diseases. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated using state death certificates, and standardized incidence ratios were calculated using cancer registry records for populations living near facilities that processed or received Libby vermiculite. This analysis focused primarily on diseases that are directly associated with asbestos exposure (e.g., asbestosis; cancer of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, and pleura, including mesothelioma; and mesothelioma). Lung cancer and cancers of the digestive system, also associated with asbestos exposure, were not included in the analysis because they have additional risk factors for which exposure information was not available. Data from 70 unique sites in 23 states were evaluated. No statistically significant excesses of asbestosis mortality similar to those in Libby were noted; however, 11 sites (plus a state with 6 pooled sites that were counted as 1 site) had excess rates of mesothelioma and cancer of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, and pleura. Further investigation should be conducted at these sites with excess rates of mesothelioma and cancer of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, and pleura by participating state health departments to determine whether exposure to Libby vermiculite might have been a contributing factor. C1 [Horton, D. Kevin; Bove, Frank; Kapil, Vikas] Surveillance & Registries Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapil, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NW,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vkapil@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1080/08958370801983240 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 318CR UT WOS:000257069700005 PM 18569099 ER PT J AU Akinyi, S Korir, CC Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR AF Akinyi, Sheila Korir, Cindy C. Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. TI Proteomic analysis of Plasmodium vivax, P-cynomolgi and P-knowlesi infected erythrocyte membranes. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Akinyi, Sheila; Korir, Cindy C.; Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 MA P201 BP S90 EP S90 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600261 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Salas, C McCollum, A Griffing, S Soberon, V Santolalla, M Haley, R Tsukayama, P Lucas, C Cabezas, C Escalante, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Bacon, David J. Salas, Carola McCollum, Andrea Griffing, Sean Soberon, Valeria Santolalla, Meddly Haley, Ryan Tsukayama, Pablo Lucas, Carmen Cabezas, Cesar Escalante, Ananias A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalarn TI Effects created by a change in malaria treatment policy on Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected from the Amazon basin region of Peru. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Bacon, David J.; Salas, Carola; Soberon, Valeria; Santolalla, Meddly; Haley, Ryan; Tsukayama, Pablo; Lucas, Carmen] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, Lima, Peru. [McCollum, Andrea; Griffing, Sean] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McCollum, Andrea; Griffing, Sean] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Cabezas, Cesar; Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Cabezas, Cesar; Escalante, Ananias A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600238 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Gallon, M Hymns, J Bell, D Barnwell, J Kyle, D Hi, J Ogutu, B Oyibo, W Wang, S Luchavez, J Maguire, J Chen, N McCarthy, J Cheng, Q AF Baker, Joanne T. Gallon, Michelle Hymns, John Bell, David Barnwell, John Kyle, Dennis Hi, Jeffery Ogutu, Bernhards Oyibo, Wellington Wang, ShanQing Luchavez, Jennifer Maguire, Jason Chen, Nanhua McCarthy, James Cheng, Qin TI Variation in the histidine-rich protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of rapid diagnostic tests for falciparum malaria. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Gallon, Michelle; McCarthy, James] Queensland Inst Med Res, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Bell, David] WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. [Barnwell, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kyle, Dennis] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Hi, Jeffery] WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Solomons, MD USA. [Ogutu, Bernhards] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Oyibo, Wellington] Univ Lagos, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria. [Wang, ShanQing] Hainan Prov Ctr Dis Control, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Luchavez, Jennifer] Res Inst Trop Med, Alabang, Philippines. [Maguire, Jason] US Navy Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 MA P196 BP S89 EP S89 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600256 ER PT J AU Lu, ML James, T Lowe, B Barrero, M Kong, YK AF Lu, Ming-Lun James, Tamara Lowe, Brian Barrero, Marisol Kong, Yong-Ku TI An investigation of hand forces and postures for using selected mechanical pipettes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE pipette; non-axial design; musculoskeletal disorders ID WRIST; WORK; ERGONOMICS; GRIP AB The present study evaluated thumb, hand forces, wrist, forearm and shoulder postures used for pipetting with three selected mechanical pipettes. Twelve pipette users in a large university health system participated in pipetting simulation in their own laboratories to investigate the effects of pipette type, body posture (standing/seated), sample volume (200/ 1000 mu L) and pipetting task on the physical risk factors. The thumb and hand forces were measured with 19 Flexiforce (TM) sensors. Wrist and forearm postures were measured with an electrogoniometer and a torsiometer, respectively. Humeral elevation as shoulder postural stress was assessed by observations from videos recorded during pipetting simulation. The study results showed several advantages of using the non-axial pipette over the traditional axial ones. The non-axial pipette was associated with approximately 2-6 times less thumb and hand force than the traditional axial pipettes. In addition, there were approximately 20-30% reductions in ulnar deviation and 30-70% reductions in humeral elevation to operate the non-axial pipette for most of the pipetting actions. One disadvantage of using the non-axial pipette appears to be increased forearm pronation by approximately 100-150% for the entire pipetting cycle, as compared to the axial pipettes. The results of the study may provide useful information regarding design of pipettes for reducing physical risk factors associated with pipetting. Relevance to industry This paper demonstrated hand forces and postures for common pipetting tasks with selected mechanical pipettes. The hand force and postural data for using axial and non-axial pipettes may provide key information for hand injury prevention due to pipetting in the industry. Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 [Lu, Ming-Lun; Lowe, Brian] NIOSH, Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [James, Tamara] Duke Univ, Duke Occupat & Environm Safety Off, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Barrero, Marisol] Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Kong, Yong-Ku] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon, South Korea. RP Lu, ML (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mlu@cdc.aov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2007.08.006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 262YI UT WOS:000253184400003 ER PT J AU Sethi, D Waxweiler, R Racioppi, F AF Sethi, Dinesh Waxweiler, Rick Racioppi, Francesca TI Developing a national policy for injury and violence prevention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE wounds and injuries - prevention and control; violence - prevention and control; policy-making; national health programmes C1 [Sethi, Dinesh; Racioppi, Francesca] WHO Reg Off Europe, WHO European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Accid Transport & Hlth, Rome, Italy. [Waxweiler, Rick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sethi, D (reprint author), WHO Reg Off Europe, WHO European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Accid Transport & Hlth, Rome, Italy. EM DIN@ecr.euro.who.int NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 53 EP 55 DI 10.1080/17457300701844314 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V12KN UT WOS:000207598200009 PM 18344098 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Forjuoh, SN AF Mercy, James A. Forjuoh, Samuel N. TI Violence prevention in an interconnected world SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mercy, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Forjuoh, Samuel N.] Texas A&M HSC Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Temple, TX USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1080/17457300802469318 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V12MD UT WOS:000207602400001 PM 19051080 ER PT J AU Matzopoulos, R Bowman, B Butchart, A Mercy, JA AF Matzopoulos, Richard Bowman, Brett Butchart, Alexander Mercy, James A. TI The impact of violence on health in low- to middle-income countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE violence; low- to middle-income countries; impact on health; burden of disease; cost AB More than 90% of violence-related deaths occur in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), where the mortality rate due to violence is almost 2.5 times greater than in high-income countries. Over and above the substantial contribution of violence as a cause of death and physical injuries, victims of violence are also more vulnerable to a range of mental and physical health problems. Several studies describe the deleterious impact of different types of violence on a range of health outcomes, but no review has yet been undertaken that presents a composite overview of the current state of knowledge in LMICs. This paper reviews the scientific literature describing the nature, magnitude and impact of violence on health, describing the current state of violence-prevention policy developments within the global health agenda and highlighting the health consequences, disease burden and economic costs of violence. Although data are limited, the review indicates that costs relating to violence deplete health care budgets considerably and that scarce resources could be better used to address other health threats that hamper development. C1 [Matzopoulos, Richard] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Matzopoulos, Richard] MRC, Cape Town, South Africa. [Matzopoulos, Richard] Univ S Africa, Crime Violence & Injury Lead Programme, Cape Town, South Africa. [Bowman, Brett] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Human & Community Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Butchart, Alexander] WHO, Dept Violence & Injury Prevent & Disabil, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Mercy, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matzopoulos, R (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. EM richard.matzopoulos@mrc.ac.za NR 61 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1080/17457300802396487 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V12MD UT WOS:000207602400002 PM 19051081 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Butchart, A Rosenberg, ML Dahlberg, L Harvey, A AF Mercy, James A. Butchart, Alexander Rosenberg, Mark L. Dahlberg, Linda Harvey, Alison TI Preventing violence in developing countries: a framework for action SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE violence; abuse; prevention; intervention studies; developing countries AB Violence is an enormous global public health problem that increases the risk of injury, disease and poor mental health while also impeding economic and social development. This paper articulates a framework for violence prevention in developing countries that is grounded in the knowledge gained from research and programmatic efforts in rich and in poor countries over several decades. This framework can be used by countries and funding agencies as a guide to building strong foundations for ongoing violence prevention efforts and for identifying violence prevention strategies most likely to be effective. The world has learned a lot about preventing violence and, without a doubt, there is a great deal more to learn. As a global community, however, it is not possible to wait for perfect solutions to these problems to act. The obligation is to act now to use the valuable knowledge that has been gained about violence prevention to improve the world. C1 [Mercy, James A.; Dahlberg, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Violence Prevent, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Butchart, Alexander; Harvey, Alison] WHO, Dept Violence & Injury Prevent & Disabil, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Rosenberg, Mark L.] Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Violence Prevent, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JAM2@CDC.GOV NR 105 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1080/17457300802406955 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V12MD UT WOS:000207602400004 PM 19051083 ER PT J AU Bowman, B Matzopoulos, R Butchart, A Mercy, JA AF Bowman, Brett Matzopoulos, Richard Butchart, Alexander Mercy, James A. TI The impact of violence on development in low- to middle-income countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE violence; development; low- to middle-income countries; millenium development goals (MDGs) AB Along with the numerous trauma-related impacts of violence and its effects on other health outcomes, the social toll of violence is further exacerbated by economic costs that represent formidable threats to fiscal growth and development. A companion piece to a review of the scientific literature describing the nature, magnitude and impact of violence on health (Matzopoulos, Bowman, Butchart & Mercy, 2008) in this issue, this paper reviews the current knowledge base on violence and development with a specific focus on low- to middle-income countries. It describes how violence impacts on all eight goals of the Millennium Development Plan and exerts a considerable economic burden on already stressed state systems and social spending. Violence will become an increasingly important threat to development and is receiving growing recognition among the global health community and within health ministries. The near absence of violence prevention within the global development agenda is, however, cause for concern. There is an urgent need to mobilise the international development community to provide financial and technical support for intersectoral collaboration, multilateral research cooperation and the development of research capacity towards addressing violence as a significant threat to development. C1 [Bowman, Brett] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Psychol, Sch Human & Community Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Matzopoulos, Richard] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Matzopoulos, Richard] MRC, Cape Town, South Africa. [Matzopoulos, Richard] Univ S Africa, Crime Violence & Injury Lead Programme, Cape Town, South Africa. [Butchart, Alexander] WHO, Dept Injuries & Violence Prevent, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Mercy, James A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bowman, B (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Psychol, Sch Human & Community Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM Brett.Bowman@wits.ac.za NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-7300 J9 INT J INJ CONTROL SA JI Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1080/17457300802417911 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V12MD UT WOS:000207602400005 PM 19051084 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Cheng, YJ AF Kahn, H. S. Cheng, Y. J. TI Longitudinal changes in BMI and in an index estimating excess lipids among white and black adults in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adults; body mass index; lipid accumulation product; longitudinal studies; triglycerides; waist circumference ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENLARGED WAIST; WEIGHT-GAIN; US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; GLUCOSE AB Background: Adult obesity prevalence is influenced by rates of weight gain or loss among individual persons, but few studies have measured individual weight change in large populations. Changes in weight may not coincide with changes in the lipid accumulation product (LAP), a continuous index derived from waist circumference and triglycerides concentration for estimating excess lipids. Design and measurements: Descriptive report of longitudinal changes from US studies that included body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and LAP. Subjects: A total of 16 763 white and black adults studied between 1989 and 1996 in three observational cohorts (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and Cardiovascular Health Study). Results: The means of individual annual changes in BMI were positive for young adults, but the mean changes were reduced at older ages (P for linear trend < 0.001), becoming negative after 73-83 years old. These mean, individual changes in BMI, specific to sex and age, were approximately 0.1 U/year greater than those reported from previous, representative, longitudinal measurements collected in the United States between 1971 and 1984. Mean, individual annual changes in LAP were strongly positive before middle age. For men, the annual LAP changes were reduced at older ages (P linear trend < 0.05). For women, they were greater at older ages (white women, P < 0.001) or remained unchanged (black women, P > 0.3). With increasing age, there was a greater proportion of persons whose positive LAP change was accompanied by simultaneous BMI change that was negative or zero. Conclusions: These longitudinal observations made during 1989-1996 suggest greater annual changes in BMI compared to an adult cohort studied during 1971-1984. As estimated by LAP, adults of all ages tended to accumulate excess lipids, including circumstances in which they lost weight. C1 [Kahn, H. S.; Cheng, Y. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803697 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 250LB UT WOS:000252300400016 PM 17684512 ER PT J AU Sahakian, N Kullman, G Lynch, D Kreiss, K AF Sahakian, Nancy Kullman, Gregory Lynch, David Kreiss, Kathleen TI Asthma arising in flavoring-exposed food production workers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE flavorings; aldehydes; occupational asthma; bronchiolitis obliterans; popcorn ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS AB Objectives: While working for a small family-owned popcorn popping company, all of the three non-smoking workers developed a respiratory disease. Because of the newly identified associations between the flavoring chemicals and bronchiolitis obliterans, the specifics of these cases and their exposures were investigated to add to the body of knowledge of flavoring-related lung disease. Materials and Methods: We obtained data on work processes as well as full-shift personal and area air samples for diacetyl, acetoin, 2-nonanone, acetaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds. Air samples were collected on thermal desorption tubes for analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We also reviewed medical records and conducted interview with the workers. Results: Air samples representative of the exposures that exacerbated asthma symptoms in two workers contained many different aldehydes. The data from interview and medical records and the high resolution computed tomograms of the chest indicated the presence of occupational asthma in all the three workers and possible bronchiolitis obliterans in two of them. This case series emphasizes a need for exposure reduction and medical surveillance among workers exposed to flavoring chemicals, and provides evidence for an increased risk of occupational asthma, as well as bronchiolitis obliterans, in flavoring-exposed workers. C1 [Sahakian, Nancy; Kullman, Gregory; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Lynch, David] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Denver, CO USA. RP Kreiss, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Suite H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM KKreiss@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. A. FX The project was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. A. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1232-1087 J9 INT J OCCUP MED ENV JI Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.2478/v10001-008-0019-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348ZQ UT WOS:000259249000008 PM 18715841 ER PT J AU Must, A Bandini, LG Tybor, DJ Janssen, I Ross, R Dietz, WH AF Must, Aviva Bandini, Linda G. Tybor, David J. Janssen, Ian Ross, Robert Dietz, William H. TI Behavioral risk factors in relation to visceral adipose tissue deposition in adolescent females SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Scandinavian Pediatric Obesity Conference CY 2008 CL Malmo, SWEDEN DE adolescence; alcohol use; smoking; visceral adipose tissue ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ABDOMINAL FAT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MASS INDEX; CHILDREN AB Objective. To characterize visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) deposition in girls over the pubertal period and to assess the influence of behavioral risk factors on their deposition. Participants. In total, 41 subjects of mean age of 13.5 years (standard deviation, SD = 0. 9) were assessed at menarche. At 4 years after menarche, follow-up data were available for 24 of these subjects. Methods. VAT and SAAT were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and total body fat by isotopic dilution of O-18 water at menarche and 4 years after menarche in a subset of subjects enrolled in a larger study of growth and development. Smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity were assessed by self-report at both time points. Smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity at 4 years after menarche were assessed in relation to concurrent VAT and SAAT, and to the 4-year change in VAT and SAAT. Results. Smoking and alcohol use at 4 years after menarche was associated with the change in VAT over the 4-year period, before (p < 0.03 and p < 0.02, respectively), and after adjustment for total body fat (p < 0.01 and p < 0.02, respectively). Conclusions. In addition to the established health risks, smoking and drinking, even at low levels, appear to be associated with increased VAT deposition in adolescent females. C1 [Must, Aviva; Tybor, David J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bandini, Linda G.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. [Bandini, Linda G.] Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tybor, David J.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Janssen, Ian] Queens Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Janssen, Ian; Ross, Robert] Queens Univ, Sch Phys & Hlth Educ, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Ross, Robert] Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Dietz, William H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obest, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aviva.must@tufts.edu RI Janssen, Ian/B-7700-2009; Corkey, Barbara/E-7712-2015 OI Corkey, Barbara/0000-0002-5467-1630 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR001066, M01-RR-01066, M01-RR-00088, M01 RR000088]; NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL069772-06, T32 HL069772]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD050537]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK046200, 5-PD-DK46200, DK-HD50537] NR 40 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1747-7166 J9 INT J PEDIATR OBES JI Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. PY 2008 VL 3 SU 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1080/17477160801896739 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 296BF UT WOS:000255517800006 PM 18278630 ER PT J AU Siedner, MJ Pandorit, M Leon, SR Barry, PM Espinosa, BJ Hall, ER Coates, TJ Klausner, JD AF Siedner, Mark J. Pandorit, Mark Leon, Segundo R. Barry, Pennan M. Espinosa, Benjamin J. Hall, Eric R. Coates, Thomas J. Klausner, Jeffrey D. CA NIMH Collaborative HIV STD Prevent TI Detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; ASSAY C1 [Siedner, Mark J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Pandorit, Mark; Barry, Pennan M.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Leon, Segundo R.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Barry, Pennan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Espinosa, Benjamin J.; Hall, Eric R.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Coates, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [NIMH Collaborative HIV STD Prevent] NIMH, Multizite Int Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), 1360 Miss St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM jeff.kiausner@sfdph.org FU NIMH NIH HHS [U10 MH61536] NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007206 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 267YD UT WOS:000253544200022 PM 18275657 ER PT J AU Pfefferbaum, RL Reissman, DB Pfefferbaum, B Wyche, KF Norris, FH Klomp, RW AF Pfefferbaum, Rose L. Reissman, Dori B. Pfefferbaum, Betty Wyche, Karen Fraser Norris, Fran H. Klomp, Richard W. BE Blumenfield, M Ursano, RJ TI Factors in the development of community resilience to disasters SO INTERVENTION AND RESILIENCE AFTER MASS TRAUMA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPACITY C1 [Pfefferbaum, Rose L.] Phoenix Coll, Liberal Arts Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Reissman, Dori B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CAPT, US Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pfefferbaum, Betty; Wyche, Karen Fraser] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Norris, Fran H.] US Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Psychiat, Dartmouth Med Sch, White River Jct, VT USA. [Norris, Fran H.] US Dept Vet Affairs, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, White River Jct, VT USA. [Klomp, Richard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Off Chief Operating Officer, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pfefferbaum, RL (reprint author), Phoenix Coll, Liberal Arts Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88374-0 PY 2008 BP 49 EP 68 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585975.004 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585975 PG 20 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BDP17 UT WOS:000314290100004 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Buchacz, K Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD Brooks, JT AF Lichtenstein, Kenneth A. Armon, Carl Buchacz, Kate Chmiel, Joan S. Moorman, Anne C. Wood, Kathleen C. Holmberg, Scott D. Brooks, John T. CA HIV Outpatient Study HOPS Investig TI Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at CD4 cell counts >= 350 cells/mm(3) does not increase incidence or risk of peripheral neuropathy, anemia, or renal insufficiency SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE anemia; highly active antiretroviral therapy; peripheral neuropathy; renal insufficiency ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLIA; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; INFECTED PATIENTS; VIRAL LOAD; T-CELLS; AIDS; COHORT AB Background: US guidelines recommend deferring initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for most patients with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm(3) in part because of concerns about antiretroviral toxicity. Methods: Incidence rates of peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and renal insufficiency in a cohort of 2165 patients followed more than 3 years (mean) were analyzed in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models by CD4 cell counts at initiation of HAART. A nested cohort of 895 patients restricted to study participants who did or did not start HAART within a CD4 cell count stratum were also compared. Results: Incidence and risks of all 3 comorbidities decreased with initiation of HAART at CD4 counts >200 cells/mm(3) versus <200 cells/mm(3). Incidence and risks of renal insufficiency were similar with HAART initiation at CD4 counts >= 350 cells/mm(3) versus 200 to 349 cells/mm(3), but risk of peripheral neuropathy and anemia were further decreased in persons starting HAART at a CD4 count >= 350 cells/mm(3). The incidence of these conditions was highest during the first 6 months of treatment at any CD4 cell count and declined up to 19-fold with further therapy. Discussion: Initiating HAART at CD4 cell counts >= 200 cells/mm(3) reduced the incidence and risk of the 3, comorbid conditions and for anemia and peripheral neuropathy as well by starting at CD4 counts >= 350 cells/mm(3). The incidence of each condition decreased rapidly and remained low with increasing time on HAART. C1 [Buchacz, Kate; Moorman, Anne C.; Holmberg, Scott D.; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis TB & STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lichtenstein, Kenneth A.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Armon, Carl; Wood, Kathleen C.] Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. [Chmiel, Joan S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis TB & STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00133] NR 42 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 245NG UT WOS:000251941500003 PM 17971714 ER PT J AU Raj, A Reed, E Santana, MC Welles, SL Horsburgh, CR Flores, SA Silverman, JG AF Raj, Anita Reed, Elizabeth Santana, M. Christina Welles, Seth L. Horsburgh, C. Robert Flores, Stephen A. Silverman, Jay G. TI History of incarceration and gang involvement are associated with recent sexually transmitted disease/HIV diagnosis in African American men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID SOCIAL-CONTEXT; PRISON-INMATES; HIV-INFECTION; RISK; INTERVENTION; DISPARITIES; NETWORKS C1 [Raj, Anita; Reed, Elizabeth; Santana, M. Christina] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Social Behav Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Reed, Elizabeth] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Welles, Seth L.; Horsburgh, C. Robert; Silverman, Jay G.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Flores, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raj, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Social Behav Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU123364] NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 245NG UT WOS:000251941500019 PM 18156996 ER PT J AU Mueller, TE Gavin, LE Kulkarni, A AF Mueller, Trisha E. Gavin, Lorrie E. Kulkarni, Aniket TI The association between sex education and youth's engagement in sexual intercourse, age at first intercourse, and birth control use at first sex SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; sex education; sexual behavior; contraception; age at sexual initiation ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN YOUTH; ADOLESCENTS; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIOR; RACE/ETHNICITY; SCHOOLS; IMPACT AB Purpose: Sex education is intended to provide youth with the information and skills needed to make healthy and informed decisions about sex. This study examined whether exposure to formal sex education is associated with three sexual behaviors: ever had sexual intercourse, age at first episode of sexual intercourse, and use of birth control at first intercourse. Methods: Data used were from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative survey. The sample included 2019 never-married males and females aged 15-19 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SUDAAN. Interactions among subgroups were also explored. Results: Receiving sex education was associated with not having had sexual intercourse among males (OR=.42, 95% CI=.25-69) and postponing sexual intercourse until age 15 among both females (OR=.41, 95% CI=.21-77) and males (OR=.29, 95% CI=.17-48). Males attending school who had received sex education were also more likely to use birth control the first time they had sexual intercourse (OR = 2.77, 95% Cl = 1.13-6.81); however, no associations were found among females between receipt of sex education and birth control use. These patterns varied among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions: Formal sex education may effectively reduce adolescent sexual risk behaviors when provided before sexual initiation. Sex education was found to be particularly important for subgroups that are traditionally at high risk for early initiation of sex and for contracting sexually transmitted diseases. (9 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, Trisha E.; Gavin, Lorrie E.; Kulkarni, Aniket] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mueller, TE (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tmueller@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.002 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 246IU UT WOS:000252001500013 PM 18155035 ER PT J AU Li, CS Lariviere, D Kiser, S Moodie, G Falcomer, R Elliot, N Burchart, L Paterson, L Epov, V Evans, D Pappas, S Smith, J Cornett, J AF Li, Chunsheng Lariviere, Dominic Kiser, Stephen Moodie, Gerry Falcomer, Renato Elliot, Nancy Burchart, Laurie Paterson, Linda Epov, Vladimir Evans, Douglas Pappas, Steve Smith, John Cornett, Jack TI Method intercomparison for the analysis of Pu-239/240 in human urine SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLES; LEVEL AB Following a radiological or nuclear emergency, medical intervention requires rapid assessment of the exposure of people usually through determination of internal dose. For the plutonium urine bioassay, besides thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and alpha spectrometry methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods have been recently developed, which can provide much higher sample throughput. In this work, three ICP-MS methods were compared with one TIMS method and two alpha spectrometry methods for the measurement of Pu-239 and Pu-240 in human urine samples spiked at different concentration levels. The sample throughputs for all three ICP-MS methods are similar: each instrument measures about 80 samples in the first 24 hours and 200 samples in the first 48 hours following the emergency event, if the samples arrive at the laboratory 8 hours after the event occurs. Method accuracy and precision were determined using ANSI N13.30. Method detection limits and minimum detectable amounts (MDA) were determined to evaluate method sensitivities. The sensitivities of the three ICP-MS methods were also compared with the derived urine action level (24 h urine, 500 mSv committed effective dose equivalent, inhalation exposure, maximum dose conversion factor) to evaluate their applicability to exposure situations. C1 [Li, Chunsheng; Lariviere, Dominic; Kiser, Stephen; Moodie, Gerry; Falcomer, Renato; Cornett, Jack] Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. [Elliot, Nancy; Burchart, Laurie; Paterson, Linda] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Epov, Vladimir; Evans, Douglas] Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Pappas, Steve] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, John] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. EM li_chunsheng@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1039/b718189b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 283KI UT WOS:000254634700011 ER PT J AU Jarrett, JM Xiao, G Caldwell, KL Henahan, D Shakirova, G Jones, RL AF Jarrett, Jeffery M. Xiao, Ge Caldwell, Kathleen L. Henahan, Dana Shakirova, Gulchekhra Jones, Robert L. TI Eliminating molybdenum oxide interference in urine cadmium biomonitoring using ICP-DRC-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; WHOLE-BLOOD; EXPOSURE; KIDNEY; QUANTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; CHROMIUM AB A new method for urine cadmium biomonitoring is presented. It uses inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) to eliminate molybdenum-based polyatomic interferences. The method began to be used in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) starting with the 2003-2004 survey cycle. Removal of moybdenum-based polyatomic interferences was found to reduce observed urine cadmium concentrations by a signficant amount, 37% at the 50(th) percentiles, for a subset (N = 2066) of NHANES 2003-2004 urine specimens. To avoid creating an artificial shift in NHANES data with the introduction of this method, urine cadmium results for survey cycles 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 were republished (www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/report.htm,(1) www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh.htm(2)) after mathematical adjustment correcting for the bias on the basis of their previously determined molybdenum concentrations. Data supporting this mathematical adjustment are presented in this article. Blood cadmium data presented here show that at the normal levels of blood molybdenum, no significant molybdenum-based interferences are observed. C1 [Jarrett, Jeffery M.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Henahan, Dana; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Xiao, Ge; Shakirova, Gulchekhra] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta Analyt Serv Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarrett, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM JJarrett@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 962 EP 967 DI 10.1039/b801927d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 319ED UT WOS:000257146000005 ER PT J AU Barr, JR AF Barr, John R. TI Analysis of biological samples for chemical warfare agents SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900001 PM 18269785 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Pierce, CL Smith, JR Capacio, BR Woolfitt, AR Solano, MI Wooten, JV Lemire, SW Thomas, JD Ash, DH Ashley, DL AF Barr, John R. Pierce, Carrie L. Smith, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict R. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Solano, Maria I. Wooten, Joe V. Lemire, Sharon W. Thomas, Jerry D. Ash, Doris H. Ashley, David L. TI Analysis of urinary metabolites of sulfur mustard in two individuals after accidental exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; QUANTITATION; THIODIGLYCOL; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); POPULATION; EXCRETION; RATS C1 [Barr, John R.; Pierce, Carrie L.; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Solano, Maria I.; Wooten, Joe V.; Lemire, Sharon W.; Thomas, Jerry D.; Ash, Doris H.; Ashley, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Smith, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict R.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@CDC.Gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900003 PM 18269787 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Capacio, BR Korte, WD Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR AF Smith, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict R. Korte, William D. Woolfitt, Adrian R. Barr, John R. TI Analysis for plasma protein biomarkers following an accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; MODIFIED EDMAN DEGRADATION; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; BIOLOGICAL FATE; IN-VITRO; HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN; HUMAN BLOOD; ADDUCTS; THIODIGLYCOL; GAS C1 [Smith, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict R.; Korte, William D.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM john.richard.smith@us.army.mil NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900004 PM 18269788 ER PT J AU Ash, DH Lemire, SW McGrath, SC McWilliams, LG Barr, JR AF Ash, Doris H. Lemire, Sharon W. McGrath, Sara C. McWilliams, Lisa G. Barr, John R. TI Multianalyte quantification of five sesqui- and ethyl ether oxy-mustard metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WARFARE AGENTS; SULFUR MUSTARD; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GAS; EXPOSURE; IDENTIFICATION; THIODIGLYCOL; TOXICITY C1 [Ash, Doris H.; Lemire, Sharon W.; McGrath, Sara C.; McWilliams, Lisa G.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900008 PM 18269792 ER PT J AU Solano, MI Thomas, JD Taylor, JT McGuire, JM Jakubowski, EM Thomson, SA Maggio, VL Holland, KE Smiti, JR Capacio, B Woolfitt, AR Ashley, DL Barr, JR AF Solano, Maria I. Thomas, Jerry D. Taylor, James T. McGuire, Jeffrey M. Jakubowski, Edward M. Thomson, Sandra A. Maggio, Vincent L. Holland, Kerry E. Smiti, J. Richard Capacio, Benedict Woolfitt, Adrian R. Ashley, David L. Barr, John R. TI Quantification of nerve agent VX-butyrylcholinesterase adduct biomarker from an accidental exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETROSPECTIVE DETECTION; SARIN; METABOLITES C1 [Solano, Maria I.; Thomas, Jerry D.; Maggio, Vincent L.; Holland, Kerry E.; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Ashley, David L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Taylor, James T.; McGuire, Jeffrey M.; Jakubowski, Edward M.; Thomson, Sandra A.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Smiti, J. Richard; Capacio, Benedict] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900012 PM 18269796 ER PT J AU Weerasekera, G Smith, KD Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Weerasekera, Gayanga Smith, Kimberly D. Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI A rapid, cost-effective method for analyzing organophosphorus pesticide metabolites in human urine for counter-terrorism response SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; INSECTICIDES; TOXICOLOGY C1 [Weerasekera, Gayanga; Needham, Larry L.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Smith, Kimberly D.] Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900018 PM 18269802 ER PT J AU Holland, KE Solano, MI Johnson, RC Maggio, VL Barr, JR AF Holland, Kerry E. Solano, Maria I. Johnson, Rudolph C. Maggio, Vincent L. Barr, John R. TI Modification to the organophosphorus nerve agent-protein adduct refluoridation method for retrospective analysis of nerve agent exposures SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; HUMAN URINE; STEREOSPECIFIC REACTIVATION; WARFARE AGENTS; TOKYO SUBWAY; SARIN C1 [Holland, Kerry E.; Solano, Maria I.; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Maggio, Vincent L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 116 EP 124 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 260IV UT WOS:000253004900019 PM 18269803 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Mokdad, AH Balluz, LS Berry, JT Gonzalez, O AF Strine, Tara W. Mokdad, Ali H. Balluz, Lina S. Berry, Joyce T. Gonzalez, Olinda TI Impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life, health behaviors, and asthma control among adults in the United States with asthma, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE depression; anxiety; asthma; quality of life; health risk behaviors ID PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; MENTAL-DISORDERS; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; PANIC-ATTACKS; YOUNG-ADULTS; PRIME-MD; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; SYMPTOMS; RISK AB Background. Psychological factors such as anxiety and depression are increasingly being recognized as influencing the onset and course of asthma. Methods. We obtained Patient Health Questionnaire 8 depression data from 41 states and territories using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Heath risk behaviors, social and emotional support, life satisfaction, disability, and four health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questions were available for all states and territories (n = 18,856 with asthma). Five additional HRQOL questions were asked in three states (n = 1345 persons with asthma), and questions assessing asthma control were available for nine states (n = 3943 persons with asthma). Results. Persons with asthma were significantly more likely than those without asthma to have current depression (19.4% vs. 7.7%), a lifetime diagnosis of depression (30.6% vs. 14.4%), and anxiety (23.5% vs. 10.2%). For most domains examined, there was a dose-response relationship between level of depression severity and mean number of days of impaired HRQOL in the past 30 days, as well as an increased prevalence of life dissatisfaction, inadequate social support, disability, and risk behaviors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity, among those with asthma. Moreover, depression and anxiety were associated with a decreased level of asthma control, including more visits to the doctor or emergency room, inability to do usual activities, and more days of symptoms compared to those without depression or anxiety. Conclusion. This research indicates that a multidimensional, integrative approach to health care should be considered when assessing patients with asthma. C1 [Strine, Tara W.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Balluz, Lina S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berry, Joyce T.; Gonzalez, Olinda] Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1080/02770900701840238 PG 11 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 276HH UT WOS:000254131400007 PM 18350404 ER PT J AU Leoff, C Saile, E Sue, D Wilkins, P Quinn, CP Carlson, RW Kannenberg, EL AF Leoff, Christine Saile, Elke Sue, David Wilkins, Patricia Quinn, Conrad P. Carlson, Russell W. Kannenberg, Elmar L. TI Cell wall carbohydrate compositions of strains from the bacillus cereus group of species correlate with phylogenetic relatedness SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-SOLUBLE PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANTHRACIS STRAIN; THROAT SWABS; TOXIN GENES; SEQUENCE; POLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; THURINGIENSIS AB Members of the Bacillus cereus group contain cell wall carbohydrates that vary in their glycosyl compositions. Recent multilocus sequence typing (MLST) refined the relatedness of B. cereus group members by separating them into clades and lineages. Based on MLST, we selected several B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis strains and compared their cell wall carbohydrates. The cell walls of different B. anthracis strains (clade 1/Anthracis) were composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), N-acetyl mannosamine (ManNAc), and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). In contrast, the cell walls from clade 2 strains (B. cereus type strain ATCC 14579 and B. thuringiensis strains) lacked Gal and contained N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). The B. cereus clade 1 strains had cell walls that were similar in composition to B. anthracis in that they all contained Gal. However, the cell walls from some clade 1 strains also contained GalNAc, which was not present in B. anthracis cell walls. Three recently identified clade 1 strains of B. cereus that caused severe pneumonia, i.e., strains 03BB102, 03BB87, and G9241, had cell wall compositions that closely resembled those of the B. anthracis strains. It was also observed that B. anthracis strains cell wall glycosyl compositions differed from one another in a plasmid-dependent manner. When plasmid pXO2 was absent, the ManNAc/GaI ratio decreased, while the Glc/Gal ratio increased. Also, deletion of atxA, a global regulatory gene, from a pXO2(-) strain resulted in cell walls with an even greater level of Glc. C1 [Leoff, Christine; Saile, Elke; Carlson, Russell W.; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saile, Elke; Sue, David; Wilkins, Patricia; Quinn, Conrad P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Microbiol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Biotechnol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI059577] NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 190 IS 1 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1128/JB.01292-07 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 247LJ UT WOS:000252080400011 PM 17981984 ER PT J AU Apopa, PL He, XQ Ma, Q AF Apopa, Patrick L. He, Xiaoqing Ma, Qiang TI Phosphorylation of nrf2 in the transcription activation domain by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is critical for the nuclear translocation and transcription activation function of Nrf2 in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nrf2; antioxidant response element; casein kinase 2; IMR-32; phosphorylation ID CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; PROTEIN-KINASE CK2; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; MICE LACKING; KEAP1; INDUCTION; BINDING; ADAPTER; UBIQUITINATION AB The antioxidant-activated transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the induction of cytoprotective genes against chemical toxicity and oxidative injuries. The role of phosphorylation in Nrf2 activation has been suggested but remains elusive. We report that phenolic antioxidant/pro-oxidant tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) induced two forms of the Nrf2 protein in neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), which migrated as distinctive bands on SDS-PAGE. In vitro treatment with lambda phosphatase eliminated the slower migrating form and increased the amount of the faster migrating form of Nrf2. In vivo (32)Pi-phosphorylation resulted in (32)Pi-labeling of the Nrf2 protein in the presence of tBHQ that can be dephosphorylated by lambda phosphotase, indicating that the slower migrating form is a phosphorylated Nrf2 protein and the faster form an unphosphorylated Nrf2. Unphosphorylated Nrf2 predominated in the cytoplasm, whereas the phosphorylated form preferentially localized in the nucleus. Nuclear Nrf2 can be dephosphorylated by A phosphotase in vitro and be converted to the faster migrating form, implicating phosphorylation of Nrf2 in the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of the protein. Deletional analyses from both the carboxyl- and amino-ends revealed the transcription activation (TA) domains Neh4 (Nrf2-ECH homology 4) and Neh5 (Nrf2-ECH homology 5) as a major region necessary for the phosphorylation. The TA domains are characterized by the presence of multiple phosphorylation sites of casein kinase 2 (CK2). Moreover, CK2 phosphorylated the TA domains in vitro. Treatment with CK2 inhibitor 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7,tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (DMAT) blocked the induction of endogenous target genes of Nrf2 in cells and inhibited the TA activities of both the full length and the TA domains of Nrf2 to a large extent. Finally, phosphorylation of the TA domains correlated with the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 that was inhibited by DMAT in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings demonstrated that phosphorylation of Nrf2 at the TA domains by CK2 is an integral component of Nrf2 activation necessary for the nuclear localization and transcription activation function of Nrf2 in neuroblastoma cells. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Apopa, Patrick L.; He, Xiaoqing; Ma, Qiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Natl Inst Occupat Safety & H, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Apopa, Patrick L.; Ma, Qiang] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Natl Inst Occupat Safety & H, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qaml@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1002/jbt.20212 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 273WG UT WOS:000253962200008 PM 18273910 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ An, KN Cutlip, RG Krajnak, K Welcome, D Dong, RG AF Wu, John Z. An, Kai-Nan Cutlip, Robert G. Krajnak, Kristine Welcome, Daniel Dong, Ren G. TI Analysis of musculoskeletal loading in an index finger during tapping SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE index finger; muscle force; muscle-tendon excursion; tapping; simulations ID BIOMECHANICAL MODEL; HUMAN HAND; MUSCLES; TENDON; FLEXOR; KEYSWITCH; FORCE; USERS; ARCHITECTURE; DISORDERS AB Since musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities are believed to be associated with repetitive excessive muscle force production in the hands, understanding the time-dependent muscle forces during key tapping is essential for exploring the mechanisms of disease initiation and development. In the current study, we have simulated the time-dependent dynamic loading in the muscle/tendons in an index finger during tapping. The index finger model is developed using a commercial software package AnyBody, and it contains seven muscle/tendons that connect the three phalangeal finger sections. Our simulations indicate that the ratios of the maximal forces in flexor digitorum superficialis (FS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FP) tendons to the maximal force at the fingertip are 0.95 and 2.9, respectively, which agree well with recently published experimental data. The time sequence of the finger muscle activation predicted in the current study is consistent with the EMG data in the literature. The proposed model will be useful for bioengineers and ergonomic designers to improve keyboard design minimizing musculoskeletal loadings in the fingers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, John Z.; Cutlip, Robert G.; Krajnak, Kristine; Welcome, Daniel; Dong, Ren G.] CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [An, Kai-Nan] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jwu@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 668 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.09.025 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 272PX UT WOS:000253873000023 PM 17991473 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Mussolino, ME AF Looker, Anne C. Mussolino, Michael E. TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hip fracture risk in older US white adults SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; population study; vitamin D; osteoporosis; hip fracture ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; ELDERLY-WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; MEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; HEALTH AB We used serum 25(OH)D data from NHANES III and incident hip fracture cases identified using linked mortality and Medicare records, and found that serum 25(OH)D was significantly related to reduced hip fracture risk in non-Hispanic white adults >= 65 yr of age. Introduction: The role of vitamin D status in reducing fracture risk is unclear. We examined the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and incident hip fracture risk in older non-Hispanic white adults. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 1917 white men and women >= 65 yr of age who were examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), a nationally representative survey. Incident hip fractures were ascertained using linked mortality and Medicare records that were obtained for NHANES III participants. Serum 25(OH)D values were measured with a radioimmunoassay kit. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture by serum 25(OH)D level. Results: There were 156 incident hip fracture cases in the sample. Cases were older, had lower BMD and body mass index, more prevalent spine or wrist fractures and weight loss before baseline, and ate fewer kilocalories and less calcium than noncases. After adjusting for these differences, serum 25(OH)D values exceeding 60 nM were significantly related to hip fracture risk. For example, the multivariate-adjusted RR was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46-0.89) among individuals with serum 25(OH)D values >= 62.5 nM compared with those with values below this level. When grouped into quartiles, the multivariate-adjusted RR for the second, third, and fourth versus the first quartile of serum 25(OH)D were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.25-1.00), 0.41 (95% CI, 0.24-0.70), and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29-0.86), respectively. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D was related to a significantly lower hip fracture risk in this cohort of older white adults, even after adjusting for several relevant confounding variables. The relationship did not seem to be linear across all values. Our results support other studies suggesting that serum 25(OH)D values exceeding 60 nM are associated with health benefits. C1 [Looker, Anne C.; Mussolino, Michael E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20781 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 4310,331 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20781 USA. EM ALooker@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1359/JBMR.071003 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 247LR UT WOS:000252081500016 PM 17907920 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Parker, DL Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, Michael E. Parker, Daniel L. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Determination of urinary phytoestrogens by HPLC-MS/MS: A comparison of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phytoestrogens; high-performance liquid chromatography; tandem mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHYTO-ESTROGENS; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; ISOFLAVONES; HEALTH; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; DISEASE; EQUOL; SOY AB A comparison of the analytical performance of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) for the quantitative determination of six urinary phytoestrogens (daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, enterolactone and genistein) by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is presented here. Both APCI and ESI were suitable for the analysis of these compounds; however, ESI did improve measurement imprecision and sensitivity in certain cases. Method imprecision (between-run coefficients of variation [CVs] from duplicate analysis of three quality control [QC] urine pools across 20 runs) was 5.6-12% for ESI, as opposed to 5.3-30% for APCI. At low concentrations (3-60 ng/mL, analyte dependent) imprecision was lower with ESI, whereas both techniques were generally commensurate at high concentrations (200-1000 ng/mL, analyte dependent). Method accuracy (spiked analyte recovery from the QC pools) was comparable between techniques: 86-114% for ESI; 95-105% for APCI. Limits of detection (LODs) were equivalent or better with ESI compared to APCI, with the most significant LOD improvement observed for equol (ESI: 0.3 ng/mL; APCL 2.7 ng/mL). This translated into a substantial increase in equol detection frequency (% of sample results above LOD) within a random patient sample subset (98% for ESI, compared to 81% for APCI, n = 378). Correlation (Pearson) and agreement (Deming regression, Bland-Altman bias) between ESI and APCI results in the patient subset was better in cases where imprecision and sensitivity was similar for both techniques (daidzein, enterolactone, genistein: r = 0.993-0.998; slope = 0.98-1.03; bias = -4.2 to -0.8%); correlation and/or agreement was poorer for analytes, where APCI imprecision and sensitivity were inferior (equol, O-desmethylangolensin, enterodiol). Baring significant factors arising from differences in ionization source design, these observations suggest that ESI is more appropriate for urinary biomonitoring of these compounds by LC-MS/MS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rybak, Michael E.; Parker, Daniel L.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Parker, Daniel L.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Rybak, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MRybak@cdc.gov RI Rybak, Michael/T-1026-2016 OI Rybak, Michael/0000-0003-1650-8581 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 861 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.013 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 254EQ UT WOS:000252569600021 PM 18068558 ER PT J AU David-Ferdon, C Kaslow, NJ AF David-Ferdon, Corinne Kaslow, Nadine J. TI Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; MULTIFAMILY PSYCHOEDUCATION GROUPS; MEDICATION ALGORITHM PROJECT; COMORBID MAJOR DEPRESSION; PENN-RESILIENCY-PROGRAM; LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AB The evidence-base of psychosocial treatment outcome studies for depressed youth conducted since 1998 is examined. All studies for depressed children meet Nathan and Gorman's (2002) criteria for Type 2 studies whereas the adolescent protocols meet criteria for both Type 1 and Type 2 studies. Based on the Task Force on the Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures guidelines, the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based specific programs of Penn Prevention Program, Self-Control Therapy, and Coping with Depression-Adolescent are probably efficacious. Interpersonal Therapy-Adolescent, which falls under the theoretical category of interpersonal therapy (IPT), also is a probably efficacious treatment. CBT provided through the modalities of child group only and child group plus parent components are well-established intervention approaches for depressed children. For adolescents, two modalities are well-established (CBT adolescent only group, IPT individual), and three are probably efficacious (CBT adolescent group plus parent component, CBT individual, CBT individual plus parent/family component). From the broad theoretical level, CRT has well-established efficacy and behavior therapy meets criteria for a probably efficacious intervention for childhood depression. For adolescent depression, both CBT and IPT have well-established efficacy. Future research directions and best practices are offered. C1 [David-Ferdon, Corinne; Kaslow, Nadine J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP David-Ferdon, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cferdon@cdc.gov NR 193 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 14 U2 54 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-4416 J9 J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC JI J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 62 EP 104 DI 10.1080/15374410701817865 PG 43 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 287KS UT WOS:000254916600004 PM 18444054 ER PT J AU De, BK Stauffer, L Koylass, MS Sharp, SE Gee, JE Helsel, LO Steigerwalt, AG Vega, R Clark, TA Daneshvar, MI Wilkins, PP Whatmore, AM AF De, Barun K. Stauffer, Larry Koylass, Mark S. Sharp, Susan E. Gee, Jay E. Helsel, Leta O. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Vega, Robert Clark, Thomas A. Daneshvar, Maryam I. Wilkins, Patricia P. Whatmore, Adrian M. TI Novel Brucella strain (BO1) associated with a prosthetic breast implant infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BILATERAL MAMMARY ABSCESS; MARINE MAMMALS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOME SEQUENCE; MELITENSIS; OUTBREAK; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; COMPLICATION AB We report the microbiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of an unusual Brucella strain (BO1) isolated from a breast implant wound in a 71-year-old woman with clinical symptoms consistent with brucellosis. Initial phenotypic analysis, including biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, cellular fatty acid analysis, and molecular analysis based on DNA-DNA reassociation and the presence of multiple copies of IS711 element suggested that the isolate was a Brucella-like organism, but species determination using microbiological algorithms was unsuccessful. Furthermore, molecular data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis demonstrated that BO1 was an unusual Brucella strain and not closely related to any currently described Brucella species. However, comparison with equivalent sequences in Ochrobactrum spp. confirms that the isolate is much more closely related to Brucella than to Ochrobactrum spp., and thus the isolate likely represents an atypical and novel strain within the genus Brucella. C1 [De, Barun K.; Gee, Jay E.; Helsel, Leta O.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Clark, Thomas A.; Daneshvar, Maryam I.; Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stauffer, Larry; Vega, Robert] Oregon State Publ Hlth Lab, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Koylass, Mark S.; Whatmore, Adrian M.] Vet Labs Agcy, Surrey, England. [Sharp, Susan E.] Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97230 USA. RP De, BK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bkdl@cdc.gov RI Whatmore, Adrian/C-7744-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 47 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1128/JCM.01494-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200003 PM 17977982 ER PT J AU Melles, DC Tenover, FC Kuehnert, MJ Witsenboer, H Peeters, JK Verbrugh, HA van Belkum, A AF Melles, Damian C. Tenover, Fred C. Kuehnert, Matthew J. Witsenboer, Hanneke Peeters, Justine K. Verbrugh, Henri A. van Belkum, Alex TI Overlapping population structures of nasal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy dutch and American individuals SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS AB To understand Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and its relationship with subsequent disease, insight into the natural (nonclinical) bacterial population structure is essential. This study investigated whether the distributions of S. aureus genotypes that cause colonization differ by geographic locales. High-throughput amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed on nasal isolates of S. aureus from healthy American (n=391) and Dutch (n=829) volunteers. In total, 164,970 binary outcomes, covering 135 different markers per isolate, were scored. Methicillin resistance was defined for all strains; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was performed for the American isolates. The overall population structures of the American and Dutch S. aureus isolates were comparable. The same four major AFLP clusters (I to M and subclusters were identified for both collections. However, the Dutch methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were overrepresented in AFLP cluster III (P=0.0016). Furthermore, the majority of the American methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (90.5%) were located in AFLP cluster I (P < 0.0001). This result identifies differences in the local prevalence of certain S. aureus genotypes. AFLP clusters II and III, which represent multilocus sequence typing clonal complexes 30 and 45, respectively, account for 46.4% of all MSSA isolates in the study, suggesting that these two lineages have evolved as extremely successful pandemic colonizers of humans. In conclusion, the overall population structures of American and Dutch nasal carriage isolates of S. aureus are surprisingly similar, despite subtle geographic differences in the prevalence of certain S. aureus genotypes. C1 [Melles, Damian C.; Verbrugh, Henri A.; van Belkum, Alex] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Tenover, Fred C.; Kuehnert, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Witsenboer, Hanneke] Keygene NV, Dep Microbial Genom, NL-6708 PW Wageningen, Netherlands. [Peeters, Justine K.] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Bioinformat, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Melles, DC (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Room L-313,s-Gravendijkwal 230, NL-3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM d.melles@erasmusmc.nl NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1128/JCM.00887-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200030 PM 17977984 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Okinaka, RT Svensson, R Shaw, K De, BK Robison, RA Probert, WS Brown, WD Keim, P AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Okinaka, Richard T. Svensson, Rita Shaw, Kathryn De, Barun K. Robison, Richard A. Probert, William S. Brown, William D. Keim, Paul TI Real-time PCR assays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the major Brucella clades SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENOME SEQUENCE; MELITENSIS; GENE; ABORTUS; OVIS; SUIS AB Members of the genus Brucella are known worldwide as pathogens of wildlife and livestock and are the most common organisms of zoonotic infection in humans. In general, brucellae exhibit a range of host specificity in animals that has led to the identification of at least seven Brucella species. The genomes of the various Brucella species are highly conserved, which makes the differentiation of species highly challenging. However, we found single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in housekeeping and other genes that differentiated the seven main Brucella species or clades and thus enabled us to develop real-time PCR. assays based around these SNPs. Screening of a diverse panel of 338 diverse isolates with these assays correctly identified each isolate with its previously determined Brucella clade. Six of the seven clade-specific assays detected DNA concentrations of less than 10 fg, indicating a high level of sensitivity. This SNP-based approach places samples into a phylogenetic framework, allowing reliable comparisons to be made among the lineages of clonal bacteria and providing a solid basis for genotyping. These PCR assays provide a rapid and highly sensitive method of differentiating the major Brucella groups that will be valuable for clinical and forensic applications. C1 [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.; Svensson, Rita; Shaw, Kathryn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [De, Barun K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Robison, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Probert, William S.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1128/JCM.01491-01 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200039 PM 18032628 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Lu, X Erdman, DD Anderson, EJ Guzman-Cottrill, JA Kletzel, M Katz, BZ AF Zheng, Xiaotian Lu, Xiaoyan Erdman, Dean D. Anderson, Evan J. Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A. Kletzel, Morris Katz, Ben Z. TI Identification of adenoviruses in specimens from high-risk pediatric stem cell transplant recipients and controls SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; PCR; COINFECTIONS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROTYPES AB Adenovirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in stem cell transplant recipients. We report species and type-specific analysis from a prospective study of high-risk adenovirus infections following hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation prior to, during, and after treatment with cidofovir, as well as species analysis of contemporaneously collected samples from control patients. Nine different adenovirus types representing all six recognized species were identified, and mixed infections were commonly found in this group of patients. C1 [Zheng, Xiaotian; Anderson, Evan J.; Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A.; Kletzel, Morris; Katz, Ben Z.] Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Anderson, Evan J.] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Zheng, Xiaotian; Anderson, Evan J.; Kletzel, Morris] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Lu, Xiaoyan; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), 2300 Childrens Pl,Box 53, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM x-zheng@northwestern.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1128/JCM.01585-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200043 PM 17989198 ER PT J AU Cassiday, PK Pawloski, LC Tiwari, T Sanden, GN Wilkins, PP AF Cassiday, Pamela K. Pawloski, Lucia C. Tiwari, Tejpratap Sanden, Gary N. Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Analysis of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans strains revealing potential for false-negative real-time PCR results SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE; ASSAY AB Diphtheria surveillance depends on the rapid and reliable recognition of the toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Real-time PCR is a rapid tool to confirm the presence of the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) in an isolate or specimen. We report that some toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans strains show atypical results in a real-time PCR for tox. C1 [Cassiday, Pamela K.; Pawloski, Lucia C.; Sanden, Gary N.; Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tiwari, Tejpratap] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cassiday, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mialstop D-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PCassiday@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1128/JCM.01251-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200047 PM 17989189 ER PT J AU Walochnik, J Aichelburg, A Assadian, O Steuer, A Visvesvara, G Vetter, N Aspock, H AF Walochnik, Julia Aichelburg, Alexander Assadian, Ojan Steuer, Andrea Visvesvara, Govinda Vetter, Norbert Aspoeck, Horst TI Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba amoebae of genotype T2 in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; POLYPHAGA AB Acanthamoeba amoebae of genotype T2 were identified as the causative agent of Acanthamoeba skin lesions and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient with underlying tuberculosis. To our knowledge this, is the first case of GAE involving genotype T2. C1 [Walochnik, Julia; Aspoeck, Horst] Med Univ Vienna, Clin Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Dept Med Parasitol, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. [Assadian, Ojan] Med Univ Vienna, Clin Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Dept Hosp Hyg, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. [Aichelburg, Alexander; Steuer, Andrea; Vetter, Norbert] Univ Vienna, Dept Med 2, Pulm Ctr SMZ Baumgartner Hohe, Vienna, Austria. [Visvesvara, Govinda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Walochnik, J (reprint author), Med Univ Vienna, Clin Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Dept Med Parasitol, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. EM julia.walochnik@meduniwien.ac.at OI Assadian, Ojan/0000-0003-0129-8761; Walochnik, Julia/0000-0003-0356-2853 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1128/JCM.01177-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200049 PM 18003807 ER PT J AU Bandea, CI Debattista, J Joseph, K Igietseme, J Timms, P Black, CM AF Bandea, Claudiu I. Debattista, Joseph Joseph, Kahaliah Igietseme, Joseph Timms, Peter Black, Carolyn M. TI Chlamydia trachomatis serovars among strains isolated from members of rural indigenous communities and urban populations in Australia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; SAMPLES; MELBOURNE; MEN AB We genotyped Chlamydia trachomatis strains from 45 women or men living in either a rural indigenous community or in urban heterosexual communities. We found six different C trachomatis serovars: E (n = 22; 48.9%), F (n = 10; 22.2%), J/Ja (n = 5; 11.1%), D/Da (n = 4; 8.9%), G (n = 3; 6.7%), and K (n = 1; 2.2%). The distribution of C. trachomatis serovars among members of the indigenous rural and the urban Australian communities appears similar to that in other Western countries. C1 [Bandea, Claudiu I.; Joseph, Kahaliah; Igietseme, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Debattista, Joseph] Prince Charles Hosp, Hlth Serv Dist, Brisbane, Qld 4032, Australia. [Timms, Peter] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS C-17,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cblack@cdc.gov RI Timms, Peter/I-9556-2012; OI Timms, Peter/0000-0002-1682-0025 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1128/JCM.01493-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200054 PM 18032619 ER PT J AU Usdan, S Martin, R Mays, D Cremeens, J Weitzel, JA Bernhardt, J AF Usdan, Stuart Martin, Ryan Mays, Darren Cremeens, Jennifer Weitzel, Jessica Aungst Bernhardt, Jay TI SELF-REPORTED CONSEQUENCES OF INTOXICATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HARM REDUCTION APPROACHES TO HIGH-RISK DRINKING SO JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID BINGE-DRINKING; HARVARD-SCHOOL; ALCOHOL; INTERVENTION; HEALTH; DRINKERS AB Although large scale national surveys provide extensive data about the nature and frequency of alcohol use among American college students, survey research on alcohol does not provide detailed information on the context of college alcohol consumption that may contribute to drinking-related negative consequences. This research sought to gather specific information on the contexts in which alcohol use occurs among college students through a series of focus groups. Participants described specific incidents of heavy drinking, alcohol consumption patterns, drinking locations and environments, co-drinkers, and associated consequences experienced from drinking. Results indicated that participants often experienced negative consequences from alcohol use if they consumed shots of hard liquor or if they participated in drinking games and/or "pre-gamed." In addition, negative consequences were more common during specific events/special occasions. An implication of these findings is the possibility of reducing negative alcohol-related consequences by tailoring health promotion/harm reduction efforts specifically toward excessive drinking of hard liquor and excessive "pre-gaming." C1 [Usdan, Stuart] Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Mays, Darren; Bernhardt, Jay] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cremeens, Jennifer] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. [Weitzel, Jessica Aungst] Ciurczak & Co Inc, Buffalo, NY USA. [Bernhardt, Jay] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Usdan, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Sci, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM Susdan@ches.ua.edu OI Bernhardt, Jay/0000-0002-2045-4005 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [5R21AA013969-03] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, PO BOX 337, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0047-2379 J9 J DRUG EDUC JI J. Drug Educ. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.2190/DE.38.4.e PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Substance Abuse; Education & Educational Research GA 431QN UT WOS:000265078000005 PM 19438069 ER PT J AU Selman, CA Green, LR AF Selman, Carol A. Green, Laura R. TI Environmental health specialists' self-reported foodborne illness outbreak investigation practices SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FOOD SAFETY AB To collect qualitative data on the investigation practices of environmental health specialists with respect to food-borne illness outbreaks, the authors convened six focus groups of randomly selected specialists working in public health agencies in eight states. Participants discussed their investigation activities, methods used to identify contributing factors, success in identifying contributing factors, and the difficulties they faced when conducting investigations. Findings revealed substantial variability in the type of activities in which participants engaged during investigations, and the amount and nature of the collaboration between epidemiologists and environmental health specialists during investigations. Many participants indicated that during investigations they often did not identify contributing factors associated with an outbreak. Participants also identified several difficulties associated with outbreak investigations, including difficulties associated with restaurant employees, restaurant customers, and environmental health organizations. C1 [Selman, Carol A.; Green, Laura R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Selman, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, RTI Int, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zxg4@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 248OX UT WOS:000252164800002 PM 18236932 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ AF Brown, Mary Jean TI Childhood lead poisoning prevention: Getting the job done by 2010 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbrown6@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 248OX UT WOS:000252164800009 PM 18236939 ER PT J AU Page, SJ Volkwein, JC Vinson, RP Joy, GJ Mischler, SE Tuchman, DP McWilliams, LJ AF Page, Steven J. Volkwein, Jon C. Vinson, Robert P. Joy, Gerald J. Mischler, Steven E. Tuchman, Donald P. McWilliams, Linda J. TI Equivalency of a personal dust monitor to the current United States coal mine respirable dust sampler SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article AB The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, through an informal partnership with industry, labor, and the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration, has developed and tested a new instrument known as the Personal Dust Monitor (PDM). The new dust monitor is an integral part of the cap lamp that coal miners normally carry to work and provides continuous information about the concentration of respirable coal mine dust within the breathing zone of that individual. Previous laboratory testing demonstrated that there is a 95% confidence that greater than 95% of individual PDM measurements fall within +/- 25% of reference measurements. The work presented in this paper focuses on the relationship between the PDM and respirable dust concentrations currently measured by a coal mine dust personal sampler unit utilizing a 10 mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone. The United Kingdom Mining Research Establishment instrument, used as the basis for coal mine respirable dust standards, had been designed specifically to match the United Kingdom British Medical Research Council (BMRC) criterion. The personal sampler is used with a 1.38 multiplier to convert readings to the BMRC criterion. A stratified random sampling design incorporating a proportionate allocation strategy was used to select a sample of mechanized mining units representative of all US underground coal mines. A sample of 180 mechanized mining units was chosen, representing approximately 20% of the mechanized mining units in production at the time the sample was selected. A total of 129 valid PDM/personal sampler dust sample sets were obtained. A weighted linear regression analysis of this data base shows that, in comparison with the personal sampler, the PDM requires a mass equivalency conversion multiplier of 1.05 [95% C.I. = (1.03, 1.08)] when the small intercept term is removed from the analysis. Removal of the intercept term results in a personal sampler-equivalent concentration increase of 2.9% at a PDM measurement of 2.0 mg m(-3). C1 [Page, Steven J.; Volkwein, Jon C.; Vinson, Robert P.; Joy, Gerald J.; Mischler, Steven E.; Tuchman, Donald P.; McWilliams, Linda J.] NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Page, SJ (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1039/b714381h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262RB UT WOS:000253164600011 PM 18175022 ER PT J AU Tuchman, DP Volkwein, JC Vinson, RP AF Tuchman, Donald P. Volkwein, Jon C. Vinson, Robert P. TI Implementing infrared determination of quartz particulates on novel filters for a prototype dust monitor SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article AB Research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has pursued quartz analysis for the specialized filter assemblies of a new worker-wearable personal dust monitor (PDM). The PDM is a real-time instrument utilizing a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM((R))). Standard fiberglass TEOM filters cannot accommodate the desired P-7 infrared analytical method used by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Novel filter materials were tested with the objective of demonstrating this type of analysis. Low temperature ashing and spectrometric examination were employed, revealing that nylon fiber candidate filters left minimal residual ash and produced no significant spectral interference. Avoiding titanium dioxide in all filter materials proved to be a key requirement. Fine quartz particulates were collected on prototype filters in a Marple chamber, either open-faced or through PDMs during test runs. The filters were then subjected to MSHA P-7 analysis and the spectrometrically based analytical results for quartz mass were compared to reference measurements. Also, PDM instrumental mass readings were compared to filter gravimetric measurements. Results suggest that the P-7 method is adaptable to variations in filter materials and that quartz dust analysis by the P-7 method when utilizing the new ashable PDM filters can have accuracy and precision within 10% and 4%, respectively. This is within the declared 13% accuracy and 7-10% precision of the P-7 method itself. Instrument mass readings had modest positive bias but met NIOSH accuracy criteria. Continued work with specialized PDM filters is merited, as they are a new type of TEOM sample amenable to ashing analysis of particulates. C1 [Tuchman, Donald P.; Volkwein, Jon C.; Vinson, Robert P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Tuchman, DP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1039/b803804j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295BL UT WOS:000255449900011 PM 18449405 ER PT J AU Cronin, JP Agrawal, A Adams, L Tonazzi, JCL Brisson, MJ White, KT Marlow, D Ashley, K AF Cronin, John P. Agrawal, Anoop Adams, Lori Tonazzi, Juan C. L. Brisson, Michael J. White, Kenneth T. Marlow, David Ashley, Kevin TI Interlaboratory evaluation of an extraction and fluorescence method for the determination of trace beryllium in soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES; SEPARATION; AIR AB Analytical methods for the determination of trace beryllium in soils are needed so that anthropogenic sources of this element can be distinguished from native (background) levels of beryllium. In this work, a collaborative interlaboratory evaluation of a new extraction and fluorescence-based procedure for determining beryllium in soil samples was carried out to fulfil method validation requirements for ASTM International voluntary consensus standard test methods. A Canadian reference material, CCRMP Till-1 soil, with a background beryllium concentration of 2.4 mu g g(-1), was selected for study. This certified reference material (CRM) was spiked and homogenized with varying levels of beryllium oxide in order to give batches of material with beryllium concentrations of 4.36 +/- 0.69, 11.5 +/- 0.7, 124 +/- 7 and 246 +/- 16 mu g g(-1) (+/- values are standard deviations). In the interlaboratory study (ILS), which was carried out in accordance with an applicable ASTM International standard practice (ASTM E691), samples of these spiked soils were subjected to extraction in dilute ammonium bifluoride at similar to 90 degrees C for 40 h. Fluorescence measurement of the extracted beryllium was carried out via detection using the high quantum yield fluorophore, hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate (HBQS). Interlaboratory precision estimates from six participating laboratories ranged from 0.048 to 0.103 (relative standard deviations) for the five different beryllium concentrations. Pooled bias estimates resulting from this ILS were between -0.049 and 0.177 for the various beryllium levels. These figures of merit support promulgation of the analytical procedure as an ASTM International standard test method. C1 [Marlow, David; Ashley, Kevin] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Cronin, John P.; Agrawal, Anoop; Adams, Lori; Tonazzi, Juan C. L.] Berylliant Inc, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Brisson, Michael J.] Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [White, Kenneth T.] Consult Serv, Virginia Beach, VA 23462 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM KAshley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1039/b804313b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332LH UT WOS:000258084000025 PM 18688465 ER PT J AU Tucker, SP AF Tucker, Samuel P. TI Determination of ortho-phthalaldehyde in air and on surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OZONE; DISINFECTION; MEDIA AB Three sampling and analytical methods have been developed and evaluated for ortho-phthalaldehyde ( OPA): ( 1) an HPLC-UV method for OPA in air, ( 2) a fluorimetric method for OPA on surfaces, and ( 3) a colorimetric method for OPA on surfaces. ( 1) The air sampler contains 350 mg of silica gel coated with 1 mg of acidified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine ( DNPH). Air sampling may be conducted at 0.03 to 1.0 L min(-1) for periods up to 8 h. Samples were eluted with ethyl acetate, and the eluents were allowed to stand for 72 h. Analysis was by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) with a UV detector set at 369 nm. An unusual phenomenon was the observation that the stability of the sample on a sampler at 3 degrees C tends to decrease as the total quantity of OPA collected on the sampler decreases. Elution of the samples within 24 h of air sampling is required. The detection limit ( LOD) is approximately 0.02 mu g of OPA per sample. OPA on surfaces may be collected with strips cut from a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA wipe). ( 2) In the surface wipe method with analysis by fluorescence measurement, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into dimethyl sulfoxide. An aliquot was treated with aqueous N-acetyl-L-cysteine and ethylenediamine. Analysis was performed with a portable fluorometer ( excitation and emission wavelengths 365 nm and 438 nm, respectively). The LOD is 0.2 mu g per sample. ( 3) In the surface wipe method with visual colorimetric detection, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into 30 : 70 acetonitrile : water. An aliquot was treated with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine in 0.1 M sulfuric acid. After color development, the LOD is approximately 48 mu g per sample. These methods have been field tested in a hospital. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tucker, SP (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM spt1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1337 EP 1349 DI 10.1039/b809790a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384KI UT WOS:000261743300009 PM 18974903 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Egeghy, PP Fortmann, RC Whitaker, DA Nishioka, MG Naeher, LP Hilliard, A AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Egeghy, Peter P. Fortmann, Roy C. Whitaker, Donald A. Nishioka, Marcia G. Naeher, Luke P. Hilliard, Aaron TI Multimedia measurements and activity patterns in an observational pilot study of nine young children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multimedia; activity patterns; young children; pyrethroids; chlorpyrifos; permethrin; cypermethrin; observational study; residential ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PROBABILITY-BASED SAMPLE; 1990/1992 GERES II; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; WASHINGTON-STATE AB A pilot observational exposure study was performed to evaluate methods for collecting multimedia measurements (air, dust, food, urine) and activity patterns to assess potential exposures of young children to pesticides in their homes. Nine children (mean age 5 years) and their caregivers participated in this study, performed in the Duval County, Florida, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Duval County Health Department. For all nine children, the total time reported for sleeping and napping ranged from 9.5 to 14 h per day, indoor quiet time from 0 to 5.5 h per day, indoor active time from 0.75 to 5.5 h per day, outdoor quiet time from 0 to 1.5 h per day, and outdoor active time from 0.5 to 6.5 h per day. Each home had one to three pesticide products present, with aerosols being most common. Pesticide inventories, however, were not useful for predicting pesticide levels in the home. Synthetic pyrethroids were the most frequently identified active ingredients in the products present in each home. Fifteen pesticide active ingredients were measured in the application area wipes (not detected (ND) to 580 ng/cm(2)), 13 in the play area wipes (ND-117 ng/cm(2)), and 14 in the indoor air samples (ND-378 ng/m(3)) and the socks (ND-1000 ng/cm(2)). Cis-permethrin, trans-permethrin, and cypermethrin were measured in all nine homes. Chlorpyrifos was measured in all nine homes even though it was not reported used by the participants. All urine samples contained measurable concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). The median 3-PBA urinary concentration for the nine children was 2.2 mu g/l. A wide variety of pesticide active ingredients were measured in these nine homes at median concentrations that were often higher than reported previously in similar studies. These data highlight the need for additional observational studies in regions where pesticides are used in order to understand the factors that affect young children's exposures and the education/mitigation strategies that can be used to reduce children's exposures. C1 [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Egeghy, Peter P.; Fortmann, Roy C.; Whitaker, Donald A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nishioka, Marcia G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Naeher, Luke P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hilliard, Aaron] Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tulve.nicolle@epa.gov NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500600 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700004 PM 17851450 ER PT J AU Gust, D Weber, D Weintraub, E Kennedy, A Soud, F Burns, A AF Gust, Deborah Weber, Deanne Weintraub, Eric Kennedy, Allison Soud, Fatma Burns, Adam TI Physicians who do and do not recommend children get all vaccinations SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; PEDIATRICIANS AB The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the proportion of physicians who do and do not recommend that children receive all available vaccines and (2) physician characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors associated with not recommending children receive all vaccines. A self-administered, cross-sectional electronic survey of physicians was conducted in 2005. Analyses were restricted to pediatricians (n = 250) and family practitioners (n = 484) who indicated they see at least five pediatric patients per week. A total of 1,935 surveys were distributed, and 1,251 (65%) physicians responded. Eleven percent of the physicians included in the analysis did not recommend to parents that children receive all available vaccines. Compared with physicians who recommended all vaccines for children, physicians who did not were more likely to be family practitioners versus pediatricians (OR = 2.9, CI = 1.4-5.8), agree or be neutral versus disagree that they have some concerns about childhood immunization safety (OR = 3.1, CI = 1.8-5.2), and have3 versus8 physicians in their practice (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.1-3.7). We conclude that physician characteristics and concerns about childhood immunizations are associated with not recommending all childhood vaccines. Further investigation of physicians' concerns about vaccine safety is needed to improve health communications directed toward health care providers. C1 [Gust, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weber, Deanne; Burns, Adam] Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. [Weintraub, Eric] Ctr Dis Control, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gust, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 6 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1080/10810730802281726 PG 10 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 341NZ UT WOS:000258722500005 PM 18726813 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Glasser, J Covello, V Gust, D AF Kennedy, Allison Glasser, John Covello, Vincent Gust, Deborah TI Development of Vaccine Risk Communication Messages Using Risk Comparisons and Mathematical Modeling SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH; IMMUNIZATION; MOTHERS; PERCEPTIONS; INFORMATION; PARENTS AB It is important to systematically assess the vaccine information needs of parents in order to maintain or improve childhood immunization coverage. Our objectives were to obtain suggestions for the optimal presentation of vaccine-related information and to determine if an educational intervention affected mothers' vaccine safety attitudes. Focus groups were used to develop messages that then were tested through a randomized, pre- and post-test mail survey of non-Hispanic White mothers who reported vaccine safety concerns (n=927). Focus groups were analyzed using text analysis software. Increases in attitude scores between the pre- and post-test surveys were calculated, and logistic regression was used to compare intervention groups with a control group. Of survey participants who recalled the test messages, 50% (85/171) who received a consequences of reduced coverage message reported an improved opinion of vaccines. A greater proportion of participants receiving one or more intervention messages reported an improved attitude score from pre-to post-test compared with the control group for four of the five variables measured; however, differences were small and none were statistically significant. A mixed method approach was used to develop and test vaccine messages. The message describing potential consequences of reduced vaccination coverage had the greatest impact on improving concerned mothers' opinions of childhood vaccines. C1 [Kennedy, Allison; Gust, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Glasser, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Covello, Vincent] Ctr Risk Commun, New York, NY USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akennedy@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 793 EP 807 AR PII 906263523 DI 10.1080/10810730802487463 PG 15 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 378QK UT WOS:000261338800006 PM 19051114 ER PT J AU Bakris, G Hill, M Mancia, G Steyn, K Black, HR Pickering, T De Geest, S Ruilope, L Giles, TD Morgan, T Kjeldsen, S Schiffrin, EL Coenen, A Mulrow, P Loh, A Mensah, G AF Bakris, G. Hill, M. Mancia, G. Steyn, K. Black, H. R. Pickering, T. De Geest, S. Ruilope, L. Giles, T. D. Morgan, T. Kjeldsen, S. Schiffrin, E. L. Coenen, A. Mulrow, P. Loh, A. Mensah, G. TI Achieving blood pressure goals globally: five core actions for health-care professionals. A worldwide call to action SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure goals; guidelines; clinician inertia; adherence; health systems ID HYPERTENSIVE POPULATION; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; BURDEN; RECOMMENDATIONS; PERSISTENCE AB The prevalence of hypertension continues to rise across the world, and most patients who receive medical intervention are not adequately treated to goal. A Working Group including representatives of nine international health-care organizations was convened to review the barriers to more effective blood pressure control and propose actions to address them. The group concluded that tackling the global challenge of hypertension will require partnerships among multiple constituencies, including patients, health-care professionals, industry, media, health-care educators, health planners and governments. Additionally, health-care professionals will need to act locally with renewed impetus to improve blood pressure goal rates. The Working Group identified five core actions, which should be rigorously implemented by practitioners and targeted by health systems throughout the world: (1) detect and prevent high blood pressure; (2) assess total cardiovascular risk; (3) form an active partnership with the patient; (4) treat hypertension to goal and (5) create a supportive environment. These actions should be pursued with vigour in accordance with current clinical guidelines, with the details of implementation adapted to the economic and cultural setting. C1 [Bakris, G.] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Med, Hypertens Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hill, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Milan, Dept Clin Med, Monza, Italy. [Steyn, K.] MRC, Chron Dis Lifestyle Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Black, H. R.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Nephrol, New York, NY USA. [Pickering, T.] Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, Behav Cardiovasc Hlth & Hypertens Program, New York, NY USA. [De Geest, S.] Univ Basel, Inst Nursing Sci, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Ruilope, L.] Hosp 12 Octubre, Dept Med, Hypertens Unit, E-28041 Madrid, Spain. [Giles, T. D.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Morgan, T.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Physiol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Kjeldsen, S.] Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Oslo, Norway. [Schiffrin, E. L.] Univ Montreal, Clin Res Inst Montreal, Dept Med, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Coenen, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nursing, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Mulrow, P.] Med Univ Ohio, Ruppert Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, Toledo, OH USA. [Loh, A.] WONCA, Dept Family Med, Singapore, Singapore. [Mensah, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bakris, G (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Med, Hypertens Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM gbakris@earthlink.net RI De Geest, Sabina/F-7724-2010; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002284 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 240ZJ UT WOS:000251626400013 PM 17728797 ER PT J AU Rouphael, NG Melnick, NA Longo, D Whaley, M Carlone, G Sampson, J Ades, E AF Rouphael, N. G. Melnick, N. Atwell Longo, D. Whaley, M. Carlone, G. Sampson, J. Ades, E. TI Proof of utility for real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia using a murine bacteremia model SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Rouphael, N. G.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rouphael, N. G.; Melnick, N. Atwell; Longo, D.; Whaley, M.; Carlone, G.; Sampson, J.; Ades, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 393 BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301540 ER PT J AU Nannini, A Lazar, J Berg, C Tomashek, K Cabral, H Barger, M Barfield, W Kotelchuck, M AF Nannini, Angela Lazar, Jane Berg, Cynthia Tomashek, Kay Cabral, Howard Barger, Maly Barfield, Wanda Kotelchuck, Milton TI Injury: A major cause of pregnancy-associated morbidity in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE assault; falls; injury; motor vehicle crash; postpartum; pregnancy; women's health ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; SEAT-BELT USE; PRENATAL-CARE; HOSPITALIZED INJURIES; WASHINGTON-STATE; MATERNAL DEATHS; FETAL OUTCOMES; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES AB Hospital visits (inpatient, observation, and emergency department) for injury occurring during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum (the pregnancy-associated period) were examined to determine groups at risk for injuries. The dataset included maternally linked vital records and hospital visit data for a population-based cohort of women residing in Massachusetts who delivered between 2002 and 2003 (n = 100,051). Injury morbidity (injury visits with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 800-999.99 or selected E-codes) was evaluated by individual woman- and visit-based analyses. Overall, one in seven women sought hospital care for pregnancy-associated injuries, and rates were as high as one in four for some subgroups. Most pregnancy-associated injury visits (91%) occurred in emergency departments. More than 4% of women had a motor vehicle collision, which was the leading cause of injury. The risk for injury was significantly higher among women who were adolescents (relative risk [RR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-1.98), black non-Hispanic (RR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.80-1.97), those who had public insurance (RR = 2.50; 95% CI, 2.41-2.56), or those who had less than a high school education (RR = 2.48; 95% CI, 2.39-2.58) when compared with referent groups. Clinical guidelines for preconception and pregnancy-associated periods should include recommendations for injury history assessment and preventative counseling for women. J Midwifery Womens Health 2008;53:3-10 (c) 2008 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 [Nannini, Angela; Lazar, Jane] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lazar, Jane] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr Labor & Delivery, Boston, MA USA. [Berg, Cynthia] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tomashek, Kay] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. [Cabral, Howard; Barger, Maly] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Barfield, Wanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Epidemiol Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Nannini, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, 106D Robinson Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM a.nannini@neu.edu OI Cabral, Howard/0000-0002-1185-8331 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.07.018 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 250WE UT WOS:000252331200002 PM 18164428 ER PT J AU Carlo, G McGinley, M Roesch, SC Kaminski, J AF Carlo, Gustavo McGinley, Meredith Roesch, Scott C. Kaminski, Jennifer W. TI Measurement invariance in a measure of prosocial moral reasoning to use with adolescents from the USA and Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MORAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; GENDER; BEHAVIORS; ORIENTATION; JUDGMENT; CULTURE AB Scholars have noted the need to examine the psychometric properties of measures that can be used in evaluating moral education programs. The present study was designed to examine the best-fitting factor model of a commonly-used measure of prosocial moral reasoning (PROM) across samples from Brazil and the USA, gender and adolescent age groups. The samples consisted of 619 college students (M age=20.59 years, SD=4.08; 41% men, 59% women) and 239 middle and high school students (M age=14.02 years, SD=3.04; 45% boys, 55% girls) from the USA. There were 114 college students (M age=21.81, SD=4.33; 35% men, 65% women) and 136 middle and high school students (M age=14.93 years, SD=1.55; 42% boys, 58% girls) from Brazil. A series of (multigroup) confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the best fitting factor structure of the PROM and the invariance of this factor structure across culture, gender and age groups. Evidence for measurement invariance was found such that a four-factor model was a slightly better fitting model than the five-factor model across all groups. Discussion focuses on theoretical and methodological implications of the findings. C1 [Carlo, Gustavo] Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Roesch, Scott C.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kaminski, Jennifer W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carlo, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, 320 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM gcarlo1@unl.edu RI Kaminski, Jennifer/A-7552-2009 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0305-7240 J9 J MORAL EDUC JI J. Moral Educ. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 485 EP 502 AR PII 905301071 DI 10.1080/03057240802399368 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 370YP UT WOS:000260799300004 ER PT J AU Hein, MJ Waters, MA van Wijngaarden, E Deddens, JA Stewart, PA AF Hein, Misty J. Waters, Martha A. van Wijngaarden, Edwin Deddens, James A. Stewart, Patricia A. TI Issues when modeling benzene, toluene, and xylene exposures using a literature database SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE case control studies; exposure assessment; exposure determinants; occupational exposure ID OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE; MATRIX; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; PESTICIDES; HISTORIES AB A database of benzene, toluene, and xylene measurements was compiled from an extensive literature review that contained information on several exposure determinants, including job type, operation, mechanism of release, process type, ventilation, temperature, distance from the source, quantity, and location. The database was used to develop statistical models for benzene, toluene, and xylene exposure as a function of operation and other workplace determinants. These models can be used to predict exposure levels for subjects enrolled in community-based case-control studies. This article presents the derived parameter estimates for specific operations and additional workplace exposure determinants and describes a number of statistical and data limitation issues that are inherent in determinants modeling of historical published data. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource(s): a PDF file of QQ plots and a Word file with references used in the benzene/toluene/xylene exposure database.] C1 [Hein, Misty J.; Waters, Martha A.; Deddens, James A.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [van Wijngaarden, Edwin] Univ Rochester, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Deddens, James A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Stewart, Patricia A.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hein, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM MHein@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1080/15459620701763947 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZS UT WOS:000252340600010 PM 18041643 ER PT J AU McKernan, LT Hein, MJ Wallingford, KM Burge, H Herrick, R AF McKernan, Lauralynn Taylor Hein, Misty J. Wallingford, Kenneth M. Burge, Harriet Herrick, Robert TI Assessing total fungal concentrations on commercial passenger aircraft using mixed-effects modeling SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aircraft; culturable fungi; mixed effects models; total fungi; total spore fungi ID EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; OFFICE BUILDINGS; AIR-QUALITY; AIRBORNE; INDUSTRY AB The primary objective of this study was to compare airborne fungal concentrations onboard commercial passenger aircraft at various in-flight times with concentrations measured inside and outside airport terminals. A secondary objective was to investigate the use of mixed-effects modeling of repeat measures from multiple sampling intervals and locations. Sequential triplicate culturable and total spore samples were collected on wide-body commercial passenger aircraft (n = 12) in the front and rear of coach class during six sampling intervals: boarding, midclimb, early cruise, midcruise, late cruise, and deplaning. Comparison samples were collected inside and outside airport terminals at the origin and destination cities. The MIXED procedure in SAS was used to model the mean and the covariance matrix of the natural log transformed fungal concentrations. Five covariance structures were tested to determine the appropriate models for analysis. Fixed effects considered included the sampling interval and, for samples obtained onboard the aircraft, location (front/rear of coach section), occupancy rate, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Overall, both total culturable and total spore fungal concentrations were low while the aircraft were in flight. No statistical difference was observed between measurements made in the front and rear sections of the coach cabin for either culturable or total spore concentrations. Both culturable and total spore concentrations were significantly higher outside the airport terminal compared with inside the airport terminal (p-value < 0.0001) and inside the aircraft (p-value < 0.0001). On the aircraft, the majority of total fungal exposure occurred during the boarding and deplaning processes, when the aircraft utilized ancillary ventilation and passenger activity was at its peak. C1 [McKernan, Lauralynn Taylor; Hein, Misty J.; Wallingford, Kenneth M.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [McKernan, Lauralynn Taylor; Burge, Harriet; Herrick, Robert] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McKernan, LT (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmckernan@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1080/15459620701766817 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZS UT WOS:000252340600011 PM 18041644 ER PT J AU Byrne, DC Reeves, ER AF Byrne, David C. Reeves, Efrem R. TI Analysis of nonstandard noise dosimeter microphone positions SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dosimeter; microphone; noise AB This study was conducted as part of a project involving the evaluation of a new type of noise exposure monitoring paradigm. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess how "nonstandard" dosimeter microphones and microphone positions measured noise levels under different acoustical conditions (i.e., diffuse field and direct field). The data presented in this article reflect measurement differences due to microphone position and mounting/supporting structure only and are not an evaluation of any particular complete dosimeter system. To varying degrees, the results obtained with the dosimeter microphones used in this study differed from the reference results obtained in the unperturbed (subject absent) sound field with a precision (suitable for use in an ANSI Type 1 sound level meter) 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) measurement microphone. Effects of dosimeter microphone placement in a diffuse field were found to be minor for most of the test microphones/locations, while direct field microphone placement effects were found to be quite large depending on the microphone position and supporting structure, sound source location, and noise spectrum. C1 [Byrne, David C.] NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Reeves, Efrem R.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Byrne, DC (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM dbyrne@cdc.gov RI Byrne, David/A-7679-2009 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1080/15459620701879438 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 346QY UT WOS:000259085500003 PM 18213533 ER PT J AU Schulte, P Geraci, C Zumwalde, R Hoover, M Kuempel, E AF Schulte, Paul Geraci, Charles Zumwalde, Ralph Hoover, Mark Kuempel, Eileen TI Occupational risk management of engineered nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE controls; nanotechnology; particles; risk assessment; risk management ID CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARBON-NANOTUBES; DIESEL EXHAUST; SURFACE-AREA; QUANTUM DOTS; TOXICITY AB The earliest and most extensive societal exposures to engineered nanoparticles are likely to occur in the workplace. Until toxicologic and health effects research moves forward to characterize more broadly the potential hazards of nanoparticles and to provide a scientific basis for appropriate control of nanomaterials in the workplace, current and future workers may be at risk from occupational exposures. This article reviews a conceptual framework for occupational risk management as applied to engineered nanomaterials and describes an associated approach for controlling exposures in the presence of uncertainty. The framework takes into account the potential routes of exposure and factors that may influence biological activity and potential toxicity of nanomaterials; incorporates primary approaches based on the traditional industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls involving elimination or substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and use of personal protective equipment; and includes valuable secondary approaches involving health surveillance and medical monitoring. C1 [Schulte, Paul; Geraci, Charles; Zumwalde, Ralph; Hoover, Mark; Kuempel, Eileen] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, P (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 70 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1080/15459620801907840 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 267NK UT WOS:000253515500005 PM 18260001 ER PT J AU Boeniger, M Neumeister, C Booth-Jones, A AF Boeniger, Mark Neumeister, Charles Booth-Jones, Angela TI Sampling and analytical method development and hand wipe measurements of dermal exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE analytical; method; PAH; sampling; skin; wipe ID LUNG-CANCER; INCOMPLETE REMOVAL; LUBRICATING OIL; PAVING WORKERS; DNA-ADDUCTS; ENGINE OIL; CORN-OIL; SKIN; RISK; DECONTAMINATION AB This article describes the laboratory assessment of a hand and surface wipe sampling method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The analytical method employed extraction of the wipe samples into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) flourometric detection of pyrene, a predominant PAH in used gasoline engine oils (UGEO). Recovery of pyrene was evaluated for two different sampling media by first contaminating the hands of a small number of volunteers with UGEO, followed by applying a small amount of corn oil to the palms, and by wiping the skin with a Whatman cellulostic filter paper or a polyester fabric wipe (i.e., Alpha wipes). In summary, using either Whatman or Alpha wipes, the mean recovery of pyrene from the UGEO that was applied to the hands and contained within three consecutive wipes was 69% and 54%, respectively. However, the relative recovery of the first to second wipe was on average 47% and 75% for the two media, respectively. These results indicate that the Alpha wipes were more efficient at recovering pyrene in the first wipe but less efficient overall when all three consecutive samples were included. Even though this sampling was performed in a controlled laboratory environment, the minimum and maximum amount of pyrene recovered in the individual composite samples using either method spanned a range of twofold. Overall, intra- and interpersonal variability, as measured by coefficient of variation, were 22% and 19%, respectively, and were not statistically different by type of media used. This method was used in a pilot field survey to sample the hands of 18 automotive repair technicians and 18 office workers. Detectable amounts of pyrene (> 0.2 mu g/sample) were found on the hands of 61% and 0% of these two groups, respectively, with the highest measured quantity equal to 1.06 mu g. Samples from the upper surfaces of automobile motors were generally low to nondetectable (< 0.027 mu g/sample), while the median value of 0.047 mu g/50 cm(2)(CV= 160%) and up to 0.640 mu g were found on the drip pans. C1 [Boeniger, Mark; Neumeister, Charles] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Booth-Jones, Angela] Good Samaritan Hosp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Boeniger, M (reprint author), 8380 Jakaro Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. EM mboeniger@cinci.rr.com NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 7 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1080/15459620802111319 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 298LR UT WOS:000255689700003 PM 18464095 ER PT J AU McKernan, JL Toraason, MA Fernback, JE AF McKernan, John L. Toraason, Mark A. Fernback, Joseph E. TI Presence of airborne fibers in tungsten refining and manufacturing processes: Preliminary characterization SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; hard-metal manufacturing; occupational exposure; thoracic; tungsten blue oxide; tungsten oxide bronze ID MADE MINERAL FIBERS; HARD-METAL WORKERS; OXIDE WHISKERS; LUNG-DISEASE; EXPOSURE; RADICALS; ASBESTOS; INDUSTRY; ASTHMA; DUSTS AB In tungsten refining and manufacturing processes, a series of tungsten oxides (WOX) are typically formed as intermediates in the production of tungsten powder. Studies in the Swedish tungsten refining and manufacturing industry have shown that intermediate tungsten refining processes can create WOX fibers. The purpose of the present study was to identify and provide a preliminary characterization of airborne tungsten-containing fiber dimensions, elemental composition, and concentrations in the U. S. tungsten refining and manufacturing industry. To provide the preliminary characterization, 10 static air samples were collected during the course of normal employee work activities and analyzed using standard fiber sampling and counting methods. Results from transmission electron microscopy analyses conducted indicate that airborne fibers with length > 0.5 mu m, diameter > 0.01 mu m, and aspect ratio >= 3 : 1, with a geometric mean (GM) length of similar to 2.0 mu m and GM diameter of similar to 0.25 mu m, were present on 9 of the 10 air samples collected. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry results indicate that airborne fibers prior to the carburization process consisted primarily of tungsten and oxygen, with other elements being detected in trace quantities. Results from an air sample collected at the carburization process indicated the presence of fibers composed primarily of tungsten with oxygen and carbon, and traces of other elements. Based on National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health standard fiber counting rules, airborne fiber concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection to 0.14 fl cm(3). The calcining process was associated with the highest airborne fiber concentrations. More than 99% (574/578) of the airborne fibers identified had an aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m, indicating that they were capable of reaching the thoracic regions. Until more is known about the durability and potential health effects associated with airborne tungsten-containing fibers, it would be prudent to take steps to limit or eliminate occupational exposures. C1 [McKernan, John L.] NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Toraason, Mark A.; Fernback, Joseph E.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP McKernan, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JMcKernan@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Y1-ES-9045-10] FX This research was supported in part by the National Toxicology Program through Interagency Agreement number Y1-ES-9045-10 with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and contributions of employees and management at the facility surveyed.; The authors also recognize Paul Baron, David Dankovic, Margaret Quinn, Dan Crane, Cheryl Estill, and Lauralynn Taylor McKernan for their constructive manuscript review, guidance, and comments. Thanks also are extended to Martin Petersen, Misty Hein, and James Deddens for providing statistical consultation. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 7 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1080/15459620802143742 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 346QZ UT WOS:000259085600002 PM 18569509 ER PT J AU Gold, LS De Roos, AJ Waters, M Stewart, P AF Gold, Laura S. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Waters, Martha Stewart, Patricia TI Systematic Literature Review of Uses and Levels of Occupational Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Review DE case control study; chlorinated solvents; degreasing; dry cleaning; exposure assessment ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DRY-CLEANING WORKERS; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; SOLVENTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CLEANERS; INDUSTRIES; AIR; HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENT AB Tetrachloroethylene has been one of the most widely used chlorinated solvents in the United States. This review provides a basis for tetrachloroethylene exposure assessment in population-based case-control studies. We performed literature searches in MEDLINE, TOXLINE, NIOSHTIC, and the NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation databases using relevant search terms. We calculated weighted arithmetic means from the measurement data and compiled these into three summary tables by type of operation: (1) dry cleaning, (2) degreasing, and (3) other operations. We identified 258 relevant documents, of which 179 (69%) contained useful descriptive information. Within the dry cleaning industry, the overall arithmetic mean (AM) for personal tetrachloroethylene exposures was 59 ppm (range: 0-4636, n = 1395). Machine operators who transferred wet garments to a dryer had the highest levels (AM = 150 ppm [range: 0-1000, n = 441]) of the jobs in this industry. The AM for personal measurements associated with degreasing was 95 ppm (range: 0-1800, n = 206). In addition, we identified several other sources of substantial tetrachloroethylene exposure, including cleaning mining equipment, testing coal, cleaning animal coats in taxidermy, and cleaning and duplicating film. Exposure assessment in population-based, case-control studies is a complex process requiring substantial resources. Researchers conducting these types of studies will be able to use results of the measurements to quantify tetrachloroethylene exposure levels for various jobs. C1 [Gold, Laura S.; De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gold, Laura S.; De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Waters, Martha] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stewart, Patricia] Stewart Exposure Assessments LLC, Arlington, VA USA. RP Gold, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington Epidemiol, 1959 NE Pacific St,Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lgold@fhcrc.org RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 FU National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) [T42 OH008433-03] FX This research was funded in part by grant T42 OH008433-03 from the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). NR 130 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 12 BP 807 EP 839 DI 10.1080/15459620802510866 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 366QL UT WOS:000260498300008 PM 18949603 ER PT J AU Ashley, K McKernan, LT Burroughs, E Deddens, J Pendergrass, S Streicher, RP AF Ashley, Kevin McKernan, Lauralynn Taylor Burroughs, Edward Deddens, James Pendergrass, Stephanie Streicher, Robert P. TI Analytical performance criteria - Field evaluation of diacetyl sampling and analytical methods SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS C1 [Ashley, Kevin; McKernan, Lauralynn Taylor; Burroughs, Edward; Deddens, James; Pendergrass, Stephanie; Streicher, Robert P.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 11 BP D111 EP D116 DI 10.1080/15459620802363282 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 346CG UT WOS:000259045400002 PM 18726763 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Biagini, RE Smith, JP Sammons, DL MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE AF Ashley, Kevin Biagini, Raymond E. Smith, Jerry P. Sammons, Deborah L. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Striley, Cynthia A. F. Robertson, Shirley K. Snawder, John E. TI Analytical performance criteria - The use of immunochemical and biosensor methods for occupational and environmental monitoring. Part II: Immunoassay data analysis and immunobiosensors SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; ELISA; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITION; GLYPHOSATE; WATER C1 [Ashley, Kevin; Biagini, Raymond E.; Smith, Jerry P.; Sammons, Deborah L.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Striley, Cynthia A. F.; Robertson, Shirley K.; Snawder, John E.] NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP D37 EP D42 DI 10.1080/15459620701798224 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZV UT WOS:000252340900001 PM 18074294 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Smith, JP Sammons, DL MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE AF Biagini, Raymond E. Smith, Jerry P. Sammons, Deborah L. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Striley, Cynthia A. F. Robertson, Shirley K. Snawder, John E. TI Analytical performance criteria - The use of immunochemical and biosensor methods for occupational and environmental monitoring. Part I: Introduction to immunoassays SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; FLUORESCENT MICROSPHERES; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PEANUT ALLERGEN; URINE; BLOOD; ELISA; QUANTIFICATION C1 [Biagini, Raymond E.; Smith, Jerry P.; Sammons, Deborah L.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Striley, Cynthia A. F.; Robertson, Shirley K.; Snawder, John E.] NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP D25 EP D32 DI 10.1080/15459620701798182 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZU UT WOS:000252340800001 ER PT J AU Old, L Dunn, KH Garcia, A Echt, A AF Old, Leo Dunn, Kevin H. Garcia, Alberto Echt, Alan TI Engineering case reports - Evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation system for controlling exposures during liquid flavoring production SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LUNG-DISEASE; WORKERS C1 [Old, Leo; Dunn, Kevin H.; Garcia, Alberto; Echt, Alan] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Old, L (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Echt, Alan/A-6940-2009; Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 11 BP D103 EP D110 DI 10.1080/15459620802363274 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 346CG UT WOS:000259045400001 PM 18770075 ER PT J AU Old, L Methner, MM AF Old, Leo Methner, Mark M. TI Effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in controlling engineered nanomaterial emissions during reactor cleanout operations SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; WORKPLACE C1 [Old, Leo; Methner, Mark M.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Old, L (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP D63 EP D69 DI 10.1080/15459620802059393 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 292UY UT WOS:000255292800001 PM 18432476 ER PT J AU Tak, S Calvert, GM AF Tak, SangWoo Calvert, Geollrey M. TI Hearing difficulty attributable to employment by industry and occupation: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey - United States, 1997 to 2003 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOSS PREVENTION PROGRAMS; NOISE EXPOSURE; WORKERS; FARMERS; CONSTRUCTION; CONSERVATION; LABORERS AB Objective: To estimate the national burden of hearing difficulty among workers in US industries and occupations. Methods: Data on 130,102 employed National Health Interview Survey respondents between the ages of 18 to 65 years who were interviewed between 1997 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the population prevalence, adjusted prevalence ratios, and fractions of hearing difficulty attributable to employment. Results: The estimated population prevalence of hearing difficulty was 11.4% (24% attributable to employment). The adjusted prevalence ratios of hearing difficulty were highest for railroads, mining, and primary metal manufacturing industry. Occupations with increased risk of hearing difficulty were mechanics/repairers, machine operators, and transportation equipment operators. Conclusions: Hearing difficulty was differentially distributed across various industries. In industries with high rates, employers and workers should take preventive action to reduce the risk of occupational hearing loss. C1 [Tak, SangWoo; Calvert, Geollrey M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Surveillance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Tak, SangWoo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tak, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Surveillance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM stak@cdc.gov RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181579316 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250UI UT WOS:000252326100011 PM 18188081 ER PT J AU Scharf, T Chapman, L Collins, J Limanowski, J Heaney, C Goldenhar, LM AF Scharf, Ted Chapman, Larry Collins, Jim Limanowski, Julia Heaney, Cathy Goldenhar, Linda M. TI Intervention effectiveness evaluation criteria: Promoting competitions and raising the bar SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intervention evaluation criteria; occupational safety and health interventions; conference competitions ID HEALTH; TRIALS; SAFETY AB The Intervention Evaluation Competition at the Work. Stress, and Health conference in Miami (March 2006) highlighted the importance of intervention evaluation studies that promote safety and health at work. A retitled, "Best Practices Evaluation Competition," has been included in the March, 2008, Work, Stress, and Health conference, in Washington, DC. This brief note describes the development of the criteria used to evaluate the manuscripts. The criteria are discussed with respect to (a) improving the science of evaluation methodology, (b) promoting the highest ethical standards in intervention evaluation, and (c) using the current criteria as a starting point for continuing to raise the bar for evaluation methodology. The policy implications of the evaluation criteria are discussed as well. C1 [Scharf, Ted; Collins, Jim; Limanowski, Julia] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Chapman, Larry] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heaney, Cathy] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldenhar, Linda M.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Scharf, T (reprint author), NIOSH, C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tscharf@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-8998 J9 J OCCUP HEALTH PSYCH JI J. Occup. Health Psychol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1037/1076-8998.13.1.1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Applied SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 254VI UT WOS:000252615700001 PM 18211164 ER PT J AU Schenker, N Raghunathan, TE AF Schenker, Nathaniel Raghunathan, Trivellore E. TI Discussion SO JOURNAL OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAMPLE-SURVEYS; INFERENCE; MODEL C1 [Schenker, Nathaniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Raghunathan, Trivellore E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raghunathan, Trivellore E.] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schenker, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM nschenker@cdc.gov; teraghu@umich.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU STATISTICS SWEDEN PI OREBRO PA KLOSTERGATAN 23, OREBRO, SE-701 89, SWEDEN SN 0282-423X J9 J OFF STAT JI J. Off. Stat. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 483JY UT WOS:000268961800002 ER PT J AU Price, SM McDivitt, J Weber, D Wolff, LS Massett, HA Fulton, JE AF Price, Simani M. McDivitt, Judith Weber, Deanne Wolff, Lisa S. Massett, Holly A. Fulton, Janet E. TI Correlates of Weight-Bearing Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls: Results From a National Survey of Girls and Their Parents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physical activity attitudes; physical activity beliefs AB Background: Despite the potential benefits of reducing the risk of osteoporosis in later life, research on adolescent girls' weight-bearing physical activity (WBPA) is limited. This study explores correlates for WBPA in this population. Methods: A nationally representative telephone survey sponsored by the National Bone Health Campaign was conducted with 1000 girls age 9 to 12 years and a parent. Girls' physical activities were coded as weight bearing or not and correlated with cognitive, social, and environmental variables. Results: Regression analysis revealed that WBPA was significantly associated with self-reported parents' education, parental self-efficacy, girls' normative beliefs about time spent in physical activity, being physically active with a parent, having physically active friends, and perceived availability of after-school physical activities. Conclusions: Interventions encouraging parents to participate in WBPA with their daughters and increasing parents' positive attitudes and self-efficacy in getting their daughters to be physically active should be tested. C1 [Price, Simani M.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [McDivitt, Judith; Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Weber, Deanne] Porter Novelli, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Wolff, Lisa S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Massett, Holly A.] NCI, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Price, SM (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD JAN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 132 EP 145 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18OW UT WOS:000208015100011 PM 18209259 ER PT J AU Hawkins, NA Pollack, LA Leadbetter, S Steele, WR Carroll, J Dolan, JG Ryan, EP Ryan, JL Morrow, GR AF Hawkins, Nikki A. Pollack, Loria A. Leadbetter, Steven Steele, Whitney Randolph Carroll, Jennifer Dolan, James G. Ryan, Elizabeth P. Ryan, Julie L. Morrow, Gary R. TI Informational needs of patients and perceived adequacy of information available before and after treatment of cancer SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE patient education; informational support; cancer survivorship ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SUPPORTIVE CARE NEEDS; BREAST-CANCER; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; PROSTATE-CANCER; UNMET NEEDS; FOLLOW-UP; INTERVENTION; OUTCOMES; THERAPY AB To examine the various concerns of patients after being diagnosed with cancer as well as the availability of information to address concerns from the time of diagnosis to the completion of treatment, we analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 731 adults recently diagnosed with cancer. Concerns about the effectiveness and side effects of treatment and family stress were most common after diagnosis. Information about the diagnosis and treatment plan was readily available to patients, but information addressing social, lifestyle, and financial concerns was less available. Significantly more information was desired regarding the long-term implications of treatment and disease. (C) 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkins, Nikki A.; Pollack, Loria A.; Leadbetter, Steven] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carroll, Jennifer; Ryan, Elizabeth P.; Ryan, Julie L.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Hawkins, NA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nhawkins@cdc.gov; lop5@cdc.gov; sz11@cdc.gov; WhitneySteele@hwestat.com; Jennifer_Carroll@URMC.Rochester.edu; jdolan787@gmail.com; Elizabetli_Ryan@URMC.Rochester.edu; Julie_Ryan@URMC.Rochester.edu; Gary_Morrow@URMC.Rochester.edu RI Dolan, James/F-7637-2015 OI Dolan, James/0000-0003-0616-3794 FU NCI NIH HHS [U10 CA037420, U10 CA037420-23, U10CA37420, R25 CA102618] NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0734-7332 J9 J PSYCHOSOC ONCOL JI J. Psychosoc. Oncol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1300/J077v26n02_01 PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 264KY UT WOS:000253287400001 PM 18285297 ER PT J AU Goodman, RM Larsen, BA Marmet, PF Wheeler, FC Adams, P Brownson, CA Cyzman, D Devlin, H Forburger, AM Menon, N Namageyo-Funa, A Watson, K Reese, AB Yerkes, A AF Goodman, Robert M. Larsen, Barbara A. Marmet, Paula F. Wheeler, Fran C. Adams, Peggy Brownson, Carol A. Cyzman, Denise Devlin, Heather Forburger, Ann M. Menon, Nidu Namageyo-Funa, Apophia Watson, Kate Reese, April B. Yerkes, Adeline TI The public health role in the primary prevention of diabetes: Recommendations from the Chronic Disease Directors' project SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE chronic disease prevention; diabetes prevention; public health administration ID LIFE-STYLE; TYPE-2; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; BURDEN AB The article reports on the recommendations from the Diabetes Primary Prevention Project that was initiated and funded by the Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and developed by the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. Method: Essential components of statewide programs are delineated for effective interventions for diabetes primary prevention. The recommendations were derived from a structured process that is detailed on the basis of a cross-comparison of state-level diabetes prevention initiatives in six states where such programs were most developed. Results: The recommendations focus on state-level partnerships, statewide program planning, required resources, policies, benchmarks for progress, and data collection. Conclusion: Illustrations are provided regarding how the project influenced the six participating states in further developing their programs for the primary prevention of diabetes. C1 [Goodman, Robert M.] Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Larsen, Barbara A.] Utah Dept Hlth, Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Marmet, Paula F.] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Bur Hlth Promot, Topeka, KS USA. [Wheeler, Fran C.] Natl Assoc Chronic Dis Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adams, Peggy] W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Diabet Prevent & Control Program, Charleston, WV USA. [Brownson, Carol A.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Natl Program Off, RWJF Diabet Initiat, St Louis, MO USA. [Cyzman, Denise] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Diabet & Other Chron Dis Sect, Lansing, MI USA. [Devlin, Heather] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minnesota Diabet Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Forburger, Ann M.] Virginia Dept Hlth, Diabet Prevent & Control Project, Richmond, VA USA. [Menon, Nidu] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Namageyo-Funa, Apophia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Watson, Kate] Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Diabet Prevent & Control Program, Topeka, KS USA. [Reese, April B.] NC Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NC Diabet Prevent & Control Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Yerkes, Adeline] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Chron Dis Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Goodman, RM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM rmg@indiana.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 243LX UT WOS:000251799900004 PM 18091035 ER PT J AU Namageyo-Funa, A Nanavati, P AF Namageyo-Funa, Apophia Nanavati, Parul TI The challenges of addressing primary prevention of diabetes: A response to recommendations from the chronic disease directors' project SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material DE chronic disease; diabetes; division of diabetes translation (DDT); primary prevention; public health ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; TYPE-2; METFORMIN AB The growing burden of diabetes in the United States is leading public health entities to reconsider the focus of their efforts to prevent and control the disease. In particular, they are striving to include primary prevention in their agendas. Many program reports and projects, specifically the chronic disease directors project, recommend effective ways to prevent diabetes. Science supports the need for primary prevention of diabetes, but the most effective ways to implement the chronic disease directors project's recommendations remain unclear. The purpose of this commentary is to review the programmatic challenges faced by a federal diabetes public health entity, the Division of Diabetes Translation. These include limited funding, little coordination of primary prevention efforts among disease-oriented programs, limited research on effective interventions, and the large population at risk for developing diabetes. We discuss these challenges with reference to the primary prevention of diabetes, but they have broader implications for the different public health entities (federal, state, and nongovernmental organizations) with a vested interest in diabetes because they attempt to implement similar primary prevention recommendations for other diseases. C1 [Namageyo-Funa, Apophia; Nanavati, Parul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Namageyo-Funa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aen5@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 243LX UT WOS:000251799900005 PM 18091036 ER PT J AU Dunet, DO Reyes, M Grossniklaus, D Volansky, M Blanck, HM AF Dunet, Diane O. Reyes, Michele Grossniklaus, Daurice Volansky, Michele Blanck, Heidi Michels TI Using evaluation to guide successful development of an online training course for healthcare professionals SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; online training; training evaluation ID HEMOCHROMATOSIS AB Aim: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed an online training course to address a lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding the identification of patients at risk for hemochromatosis and recognition of its related early symptoms. A multilevel evaluation design was used to (a) guide course development, (b) test course efficacy, and (c) assess training impact. Methods: Highly focused, brief evaluation activities with the intended audience (N = 642) provided a stream of qualitative and quantitative data that guided course design, development, and implementation. Results: The training course had intended positive impacts on healthcare professionals' knowledge and perceived competence in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating hemochromatosis. Both physicians and nurses directly attributed changes in their clinical practice to course participation including increases in appropriate diagnostic biochemical testing for iron overload in new and existing patients. Conclusions: The hemochromatosis course is a successful learning tool that has the desired impact on learning and knowledge reinforcement. The evaluation conducted provided a stream of evidence that was useful in course development as well as assessment of training outcomes. The detailed evaluation plan description may serve as a template for assessing other online continuing education training courses that address public health issues. C1 [Dunet, Diane O.; Reyes, Michele; Blanck, Heidi Michels] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Volansky, Michele] Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Volansky, Michele] VA Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dunet, DO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ddunet@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 243LX UT WOS:000251799900012 PM 18091043 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Shults, RA Greenspan, AI Haileyesus, T Dellinger, AM AF Lee, Karen C. Shults, Ruth A. Greenspan, Arlene I. Haileyesus, Tadesse Dellinger, Ann M. TI Child passenger restraint use and emergency department-reported injuries: A special study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motor vehicles; child passengers ID BOOSTER SEAT USE; VEHICLE CRASHES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; TRENDS AB Introduction: In 2004, more than 180,000 child passengers aged :5 12 years sought care in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) for injuries sustained in motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). Method: We expanded the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program for 635 injured children aged :5 12 years treated at 15 hospital EDs in 2004 by collecting multiple injury diagnoses and interviewing parents about MVC circumstances. Results: Nine percent of the children were unrestrained and 36% were inappropriately restrained. Blacks and Hispanics were about six times more likely to be unrestrained than Non-Hispanic Whites (12% and 14%, respectively, vs. 2%). Seventy-seven percent of inappropriate restraint use occurred among children aged 4-8 years, who were prematurely placed in seatbelts. Eight percent of children required hospitalization; unrestrained children were three times more likely to be hospitalized than restrained children (21% vs. 7%). Conclusion: Age-appropriate restraint use should be promoted for child passengers, particularly among Blacks, Hispanics, and children riding in trucks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Karen C.; Shults, Ruth A.; Greenspan, Arlene I.; Dellinger, Ann M.] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lee, Karen C.; Shults, Ruth A.] US PHS, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Karen C.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haileyesus, Tadesse] CDC, NCIPC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, NCIPC, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rshults@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.10.007 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 285ZO UT WOS:000254814900004 PM 18325413 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Rinehart, R Okun, A Geraci, CL Heidel, DS AF Schulte, Paul A. Rinehart, Richard Okun, Andrea Geraci, Charles L. Heidel, Donna S. TI National Prevention through Design (PtD) Initiative SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT First Workshop on Prevention Though Design CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE design; occupational safety and health; prevention ID SAFETY DESIGN; WORKPLACE; EQUIPMENT; SYSTEMS; WORKERS; DISEASE; INJURY AB Introduction: The most effective means of preventing and controlling occupational injuries, illness, and fatalities is to "design out" hazards and hazardous exposures from the workplace. There is a long history of designing for safety for the general public and to a lesser degree for workers. Method: We now have the experience and insight from thoughtful, previous efforts to call for a comprehensive national strategy to implement a Prevention through Design (PtD) Initiative. Results: This paper describes that initiative in terms of four overarching areas where action can be directed: practice, policy, research, and education. To obtain stakeholder input for issues in these four areas and to focus implementation efforts, eight sector divisions of the economy will be addressed. A seven year strategy is envisioned. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schulte, Paul A.; Rinehart, Richard; Okun, Andrea; Geraci, Charles L.; Heidel, Donna S.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.021 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 310VE UT WOS:000256558000003 PM 18454950 ER PT J AU Chapman, LJ Husberg, B AF Chapman, Larry J. Husberg, Bradley TI Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing sector SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID INJURIES C1 [Chapman, Larry J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Husberg, Bradley] NIOSH, CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Chapman, LJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ljchapma@wisc.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.008 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 310VE UT WOS:000256558000016 PM 18454963 ER PT J AU Arias, I AF Arias, Ileana TI Special topic: Elderly falls SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Injury Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arias, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Injury Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.06.001 PG 2 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 327YU UT WOS:000257765200001 PM 18571565 ER PT J AU Sleet, DA Moffett, DB Stevens, J AF Sleet, David A. Moffett, Daphne B. Stevens, Judy TI CDC's research portfolio in older adult fall prevention: A review of progress, 1985-2005, and future research directions SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE injury; older adults; elderly; falls; older adult falls; fall intervention; translation and dissemination; falls research; public health; research portfolio review; CDC Injury Center AB Problem: Falls are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among adults age 65 and older. Population models predict steep increases in the 65 and older population bands in the next 10-15 years and in turn, public health is bracing for increased fall rates and the strain they place on health care systems and society. To assess progress in fall prevention, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a research portfolio review to examine the quality, relevance, outcomes and successes of the CDC fall prevention program and its impact on public health. Methods: A peer review panel was charged with reviewing 20 years of funded research and conducting a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis for extramural and intramural research activities. Information was collected from grantees (via a survey instrument), staff were interviewed, and progress reports and products were reviewed and analyzed. Results: CDC has invested over $24,900,000 in fall-related research and programs over 20 years. The portfolio has had positive impacts on research, policies and programs, increasing the public health injury prevention workforce, and delivering effective fall prevention programs. Discussion: Public health agencies, practitioners, and policy makers recognize that while there are some evidence-based older adult fall prevention interventions available, many remain unused or are infeasible to implement. Specific recommendations across the public health model, include: additional research in gathering robust epidemiologic data on trends and patterns of fall-related injuries at all levels; researching risk factors by setting or sub-population; developing and testing innovative interventions; and engaging in translation and dissemination research on best practices to increase uptake and adoption of fall prevention strategies. CDC has responded to a number of suggestions from the portfolio review including: funding translation research of a proven Tai Chi fall intervention; beginning to address gaps in gender, ethnic, and racial differences in falls; and collaborating with partner organizations who share in CDC's mission to improve public health by preventing falls and reducing fall-related injuries. Impact on Industry: Industry has an opportunity to develop more accessible and usable devices to reduce injury from falls (for example, hip protectors and force reducing flooring). By implementing effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent falls and reduce injuries from falls, significant decreases in health care costs can be expected. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sleet, David A.; Moffett, Daphne B.; Stevens, Judy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DSleet@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.05.003 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 327YU UT WOS:000257765200002 PM 18571566 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Stevens, JA Sarmiento, K Wald, MM AF Thomas, K. E. Stevens, J. A. Sarmiento, K. Wald, M. M. TI Fall-related traumatic brain injury deaths and hospitalizations among older adults - United States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; elderly; fall AB Problem: Among older adults, both unintentional falls and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) result in significant morbidity and mortality; however, only limited national data on fall-related TBI are available. Method: To examine the relationship between older adult falls and TBI deaths and hospitalizations, CDC analyzed 2005 data from the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Results: In 2005, among adults ! 65 years, there were 7946 fall-related TBI deaths and an estimated 56,423 hospitalizations for nonfatal fall-related TBI in the United States. Fall-related TBI accounted for 50.3% of unintentional fall deaths and 8.0% of nonfatal fall-related hospitalizations. Summary: These findings underscore the need for greater dissemination and implementation of evidence-based fall prevention interventions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thomas, K. E.; Stevens, J. A.; Sarmiento, K.; Wald, M. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thomas, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KEThomas@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.05.001 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 327YU UT WOS:000257765200003 PM 18571567 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Mack, KA Paulozzi, LJ Ballesteros, MF AF Stevens, J. A. Mack, K. A. Paulozzi, L. J. Ballesteros, M. F. TI Self-reported falls and fall-related injuries among persons aged >= 65 years - United States, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aged; BRFSS; elderly; falls; injury ID OLDER-ADULTS AB Problem: In 2005, 15,802 persons aged >= 65 years died from fall injuries. How many older adults seek outpatient treatment for minor or moderate fall injuries is unknown. Method: To estimate the percentage of older adults who fell during the preceding three months, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from two questions about falls included in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Results: Approximately 5.8 million (15.9%) persons aged >= 65 years reported failing at least once during the preceding three months, and 1.8 million (31.3%) of those who fell sustained an injury that resulted in a doctor visit or restricted activity for at least one day. Discussion: This report presents the first national estimates of the number and proportion of persons reporting fall-related injuries associated with either doctor visits or restricted activity. Summary: The prevalence of falls reinforces the need for broader use of scientifically proven fall-prevention interventions. Impact on industry: Falls and fall-related injuries represent an enormous burden to individuals, society, and to our health care system. Because the U.S. population is aging, this problem will increase unless we take preventive action by broadly implementing evidence-based fall prevention programs. Such programs could appreciably decrease the incidence and health care costs of fall injuries, as well as greatly improve the quality of life for older adults. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stevens, J. A.; Mack, K. A.; Paulozzi, L. J.; Ballesteros, M. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. EM jas2@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 11 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.05.002 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 327YU UT WOS:000257765200013 PM 18571577 ER PT J AU Toblin, RL Paulozzi, LJ Gilchrist, J Russell, PJ AF Toblin, Robin L. Paulozzi, Leonard J. Gilchrist, Julie Russell, Patricia J. TI Unintentional strangulation deaths from the "Choking Game" among youths aged 6-19 years - United States, 1995-2007 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE choking game; risky behavior; adolescence; suffocation; hanging; unintentional injury ID CHILDREN AB The "choking game" is defined as self-strangulation or strangulation by another person with the hands or a noose to achieve a brief euphoric state caused by cerebral hypoxia. Participants in this activity typically are youths (Andrew & Fallon, 2007). Serious neurologic injury or death can result from engaging in this activity. Recent news media reports have described numerous deaths among youths attributed to the choking game. Because no traditional public health dataset collects data on this practice, CDC used news media reports to estimate the incidence of deaths from the choking game. This report describes the results of that analysis, which identified 82 probable choking-game deaths among youths aged 6-19 years during 1995-2007. Seventy-one (86.6%) of the decedents were male, and the mean age was 13.3 years. Parents, educators, and health-care providers should become familiar with warning signs that youths are playing the choking game (Urkin & Merrick, 2006). Impact of industty: By learning about the risk factors for and warning signs of the choking game, parents, educators, and health-care providers may be able to identify youth at risk for playing the game and prevent future deaths. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Toblin, Robin L.; Paulozzi, Leonard J.; Gilchrist, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Russell, Patricia J.] MultiCare Hlth Syst, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Toblin, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rtoblin@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.06.002 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 355QU UT WOS:000259724200012 PM 18786433 ER PT J AU Beck, LF Greenspan, AI AF Beck, Laurie F. Greenspan, Arlene I. TI Why don't more children walk to school? SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; CRASHES; SAFETY; US C1 [Beck, Laurie F.; Greenspan, Arlene I.] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBeck@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.07.002 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 381LP UT WOS:000261537900001 PM 19010117 ER PT J AU Loringer, KA Myers, JR AF Loringer, Kelly A. Myers, John R. TI Tracking the prevalence of rollover protective structures on US farm tractors: 1993, 2001, and 2004 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Tractor overturn fatalities; ROPS prevalence; Trends; Risk factors ID INJURIES; FATALITIES; SAFETY AB Problem: Between 1992 and 2005, 1412 workers on farms died from tractor overturns. A Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) is a proven intervention to reduce overturn deaths. However, farm characteristics that are associated with the adoption of ROPS are not well understood. Methods: ROPS prevalence statistics were derived from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveys that tracked ROPS use oil firms. Data were from the years 1993, 200 1, and 2004. Results: In 1993, 38% of tractors were equipped with ROPS. This increased to 51% by 2004. ROPS prevalence rates were higher on firms in the Southern region of the United States, on farms where the operator was 25-34 years old, and on farms with $ 100,000 or more of farm sales. Low ROPS prevalence rates were associated with farm operators 65 years old or older and with farms with less than $ 10,000 of farm product sales. Summary: The increase in ROPS prevalence between 1993 and 2004 has not been sufficient to decrease the rate of tractor overturn deaths on farms. Incentive programs targeting older farm operators and low-income farm operations are suggested to increase ROPS use on tractors. Impact on Industry: The study provides farm characteristics associated with low ROPS prevalence rates. The results can be used to target farms for future ROPS promotion activities. (C) 2008 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Loringer, Kelly A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Myers, JR (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. EM JPMyers@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.08.003 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 381LP UT WOS:000261537900008 PM 19010124 ER PT J AU Sahakian, NM White, SK Park, JH Cox-Ganser, JM Kreiss, K AF Sahakian, Nancy M. White, Sandra K. Park, Ju-Hyeong Cox-Ganser, Jean M. Kreiss, Kathleen TI Identification of mold and dampness-associated respiratory morbidity in 2 schools: Comparison of questionnaire survey responses to national data SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE public health; environmental health; chronic diseases ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; REPORTED MOLD; SYMPTOMS; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; DWELLINGS; MOISTURE; STOCKHOLM; HOUSES AB BACKGROUND: Dampness and mold problems are frequently encountered in schools. Approximately one third of US public schools require extensive repairs or need at least 1 building replaced. This study illustrates how national data can be used to identify building-related health risks in school employees and students. METHODS: School employees (n = 309) in 2 elementary schools (schools A and B) with dampness and mold problems completed standardized questionnaires. Responses were compared with participant responses from the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were indirectly standardized for gender, age, smoking status, and (for school B) race. Uncontrolled comparisons were made to responses from a study of office workers, as well as between responses from school employees in different sections of the school buildings designated by decade of construction. RESULTS: Employees from both schools had excess work-related throat and lower respiratory symptoms, as well as eye, nasal, sinus, and wheezing symptoms. School B employees also had excess physician-diagnosed asthma and work-related fatigue, headache, and skin irritation. Employees in sections of the school buildings that were categorized as having greater dampness and mold contamination had more frequent upper and lower respiratory symptoms than employees working in other building sections. CONCLUSIONS: This noncostly type of analysis of indoor air quality complaints can be used to motivate and prioritize building remediation in public schools where funds for building remediation are usually limited. C1 [Sahakian, Nancy M.; White, Sandra K.; Park, Ju-Hyeong; Cox-Ganser, Jean M.; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sahakian, NM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Studies Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM nsahakian@cdc.gov; swhite4@cdc.gov; jpark2@cdc.gov; jcoxganser@cdc.gov; kkreiss@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244JL UT WOS:000251862100005 PM 18177298 ER PT J AU Blossom, DB Lewis, FMT McDonald, C AF Blossom, David B. Lewis, Felicia M. T. McDonald, Clifford TI The changing spectrum of Clostridium difficile-associated disease - Implications for dentistry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Clostridium difficile; antimicrobial agents; emerging disease; diarrhea ID RISK-FACTORS; TOXIN-A; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; COLITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAIN; VANCOMYCIN; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Background. Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that causes a wide range of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is best known for its association with uncomplicated antimicrobial-agent-associated diarrhea. Case Description. The authors describe two previously published cases of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) to highlight its varied clinical manifestations. A 48-year-old woman had mild CDAD after receiving antibiotics after undergoing endodontic surgery. She took metronidazole, and her C. difficile infection resolved. A 31-year-old pregnant woman developed severe CDAD after receiving antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. She underwent surgery to remove part of her colon, but her condition worsened, and she died. Clinical Implications. Dentists often prescribe antimicrobial agents to treat infections. Until recently, these agents also were recommended as prophylaxis for infective endocarditis during invasive oral procedures. An important risk factor for CDAD and recurrent CDAD is antimicrobial agent exposure. Dentists should be aware of CDAD to help prevent its spread and facilitate early recognition and treatment to minimize severe outcomes. C1 [Blossom, David B.; McDonald, Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lewis, Felicia M. T.] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Acute Communicable Dis & Emerging Infect, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Blossom, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dblossom@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 251JR UT WOS:000252369800014 PM 18167383 ER PT J AU Bing, EG Bingham, T Millett, GA AF Bing, Eric G. Bingham, Trista Millett, Gregorio A. TI Research needed to more effectively combat HIV among African-American men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE African Americans; sexually transmitted diseases; men's health; HIV/AIDS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-MEN; YOUNG MEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH; URBAN CENTERS; LOS-ANGELES; WHITE MEN AB It is estimated that nearly half of all African-American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) living in major U.S. cities are already infected with HIV. Without a substantial and committed investment in research in HIV prevention among AAMSM and subsequent evidence-based policies and community programs, it is unlikely that we will ever be able to curtail the HIV epidemic among African Americans in general, regardless of gender, age or sexual orientation. In this paper, we briefly review what is known and what research questions remain in order to curtail the epidemic among AAMSM. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research that include the: 1) development of a national cohort of young AAMSM to prospectively study biological, behavioral, social and contextual factors that place AAMSM at risk for infection with HIV and other STDs; 2) adapting existing interventions in HIV prevention to the unique characteristics of AAMSM and evaluating their effectiveness; 3) evaluating factors such as intracommunity and familial discrimination against AAMSM that may lead to lack of disclosure; and 4) enhancing our understanding of how cultural and social factors can be used in a positive and self-affirming way to strengthen HIV prevention and care for AAMSM. C1 [Bing, Eric G.] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Drew CARES & Inst CommunityHlth Res, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. [Bingham, Trista] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Inst Community Hlth Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Millett, Gregorio A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bing, EG (reprint author), Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Drew CARES & Inst CommunityHlth Res, 1748 E 118th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. EM eric.g.bing@gmail.com FU NIMH NIH HHS [5P30MH058107, P30 MH058107, P30 MH058107-050002] NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254ZA UT WOS:000252625300007 PM 18277808 ER PT J AU Branson, BM Handsfield, HH Lampe, MA Janssen, RS Taylor, AW Lyss, SB Clark, JE AF Branson, Bernard M. Handsfield, H. Hunter Lampe, Margaret A. Janssen, Robert S. Taylor, Allan W. Lyss, Sheryl B. Clark, Jill E. TI Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; OPT-OUT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFECTED PERSONS; RISK AB These recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing are intended for all health-care providers in the public and private sectors, including those working in hospital emergency departments, urgent care, clinics, inpatient services, substance abuse treatment clinics, public health clinics, community clinics, correctional health-care facilities, and primary care settings. The recommendations address HIV testing in health-care settings only. They do not modify existing guidelines concerning HIV counseling, testing, and referral for persons at high risk for HIV who seek or receive HIV testing in nonclinical settings (e.g., community-based organizations, outreach settings, or mobile vans). The objectives of these recommendations are to increase HIV screening of patients, including pregnant women, in health-care settings; foster earlier detection of HIV infection; identify and counsel persons with unrecognized HIV infection and link them to clinical and prevention services; and further reduce perinatal transmission of HIV in the United States. These revised recommendations update previous recommendations for HIV testing in health-care settings and for screening of pregnant women (CDC Recommendations for HIV testing services for inpatients and outpatients in acute-care hospital settings. MMWR 1993;42[No. RR-2]:1-10; CDC. Revised guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and referral. MMWR 2001;50[No. RR-19]:1-62; and CDC. Revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women. MMWR 2001;50[No. RR-19]:63-85). Major revisions from previously published guidelines are as follows: For patients in all health-care settings HIV screening is recommended for patients in all health-care settings after the patient is notified that testing will be performed unless the patient declines (opt-out screening). Persons at high risk for HIV infection should be screened for HIV at least annually. Separate written consent for HIV testing should not be required; general consent for medical care should be considered. sufficient to encompass consent for HIV testing. Prevention counseling should not be required with HIV diagnostic testing or as part of HIV screening programs in healthcare settings. For pregnant women HIV screening should be included in the routine panel of prenatal screening tests for all pregnant women. HIV screening is recommended after the patient is notified that testing will be performed unless the patient declines (opt-out screening). Separate written consent for HIV testing should not be required,, general consent for medical care should be considered sufficient to encompass consent for HIV testing. Repeat screening in the third trimester is recommended in certain jurisdictions with elevated rates of HIV infection among pregnant women. C1 [Branson, Bernard M.; Lampe, Margaret A.; Janssen, Robert S.; Taylor, Allan W.; Lyss, Sheryl B.] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Handsfield, H. Hunter] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Clark, Jill E.] Northrup Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Branson, BM (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbranson@cdc.gov NR 116 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 13 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 131 EP 147 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254ZA UT WOS:000252625300020 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Weston, A AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Weston, Ainsley TI Application of oligonucleotide microarray technology to toxic occupational exposures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE WORKERS; CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; BREAST-CANCER; DNA MICROARRAYS; LUNG-CANCER AB Microarray technology has advanced toward analysis of toxic occupational exposures in biological systems. Microarray analysis is an ideal way to search for biomarkers of exposure, even if no specific gene or pathway has been identified. Analysis may now be performed on thousands of genes simultaneously, as opposed to small numbers of genes as in the past. This ability has been put to use to analyze gene expression profiles of a variety of occupational toxins in animal models to classify toxins into specific categories based on response. Analysis of normal human cell strains allows an extension of this analysis to investigate the role of interindividual variation in response to various toxins. This methodology was used to analyze four occupationally related toxins in our lab: oxythioquinox (OTQ), a quinoxaline pesticide; malathion, an organophosphate pesticide; di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), a chemical commonly found in personal care and cosmetic items; and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an environmental and occupational carcinogen. The results for each exposure highlighted signaling pathways involved in response to these occupational exposures. Both pesticides showed increase in metabolic enzymes, while DBP showed alterations in genes related to fertility. BaP exposure showed alterations in two cytochrome P450s related to carcinogenicity. When used with occupational exposure information, these data may be used to augment risk assessment to make the workplace safer for a greater proportion of the workforce, including individuals susceptible to disease related to exposures. C1 [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, H2900,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 5 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1080/15287390701738509 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 254IR UT WOS:000252580800004 PM 18214805 ER PT J AU Battelli, LA Ghanem, MM Kashon, ML Barger, M Ma, JYC Simoskevitz, RL Miles, PR Hubbs, AF AF Battelli, Lori A. Ghanem, Mohamed M. Kashon, Michael L. Barger, Mark Ma, Jane Y. C. Simoskevitz, Ricki L. Miles, Philip R. Hubbs, Ann F. TI Crystalline silica is a negative modifier of pulmonary cytochrome P-4501A1 induction SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COAL-WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; CANCER MUTATIONAL HOTSPOTS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; RAT LUNG-CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; EXPOSURE-RESPONSE; CYP1A1 EXPRESSION AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are products of incomplete combustion that are commonly inhaled by workers in the dusty trades. Many PAHs are metabolized by cytochrome P-4501A1 (CYP1A1), which may facilitate excretion but may activate pulmonary carcinogens. PAHs also stimulate their own metabolism by inducing CYP1A1. Recent studies suggest that respirable coal dust exposure inhibits induction of pulmonary CYP1A1 using the model PAH beta-naphthoflavone. The effect of the occupational particulate respirable crystalline silica was investigated on PAH-dependent pulmonary CYP1A1 induction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intratracheal silica or vehicle and then intraperitoneal beta-naphthoflavone, a CYP1A1 inducer, and/or phenobarbital, an inducer of hepatic CYP2B1, or vehicle. beta-Naphthoflavone induced pulmonary CYP1A1, but silica attenuated this beta-naphthoflavone-induced CYP1A1 activity and also suppressed the activity of CYP2B1, the major constituitive CYP in rat lung. The magnitude of CYP activity suppression was similar regardless of silica exposure dose within a range of 5 to 20 mg/rat. Phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone had no effect on pulmonary CYP2B1 activity. Both enzymatic immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining for CYP1A1 indicated that sites of CYP1A1 induction were nonciliated airway epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and the alveolar septum. Using immunofluorescent colocalization of CYP1A1 with cytokeratin 8, a marker of alveolar type II cells, the proximal alveolar region was the site of both increased alveolar type II cells and decreased proportional CYP1A1 expression in alveolar type II cells. Our findings suggest that in PAH-exposed rat lung, silica is a negative modifier of CYP1A1 induction and CYP2B1 activity. C1 [Battelli, Lori A.; Ghanem, Mohamed M.; Kashon, Michael L.; Barger, Mark; Ma, Jane Y. C.; Simoskevitz, Ricki L.; Miles, Philip R.; Hubbs, Ann F.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Battelli, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S L2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM LBattelli@cdc.gov OI Ghanem, Prof. Dr. Mohamed/0000-0001-6769-7875 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1080/15287390801907483 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 286BT UT WOS:000254821100008 PM 18338287 ER PT J AU Rogers, HS Jeffery, N Kieszak, S Fritz, P Spliethoff, H Palmer, CD Parsons, PJ Kass, DE Caldwell, K Eadon, G Rubin, C AF Rogers, Helen S. Jeffery, Nancy Kieszak, Stephanie Fritz, Pat Spliethoff, Henry Palmer, Christopher D. Parsons, Patrick J. Kass, Daniel E. Caldwell, Kathy Eadon, George Rubin, Carol TI Mercury exposure in young children living in New York City SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mercury; urine; children; botanicas; azogue (Spanish word for mercury) ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; URINE; CONSEQUENCES; VAPOR; BLOOD; HAIR AB Residential exposure to vapor from current or previous cultural use of mercury could harm children living in rental (apartment) homes. That concern prompted the following agencies to conduct a study to assess pediatric mercury exposure in New York City communities by measuring urine mercury levels: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's (NYCDOHMH) Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York State Department of Health/Center for Environmental Health (NYSDOHCEH), Wadsworth Center's Biomonitoring Program/Trace Elements Laboratory (WC-TEL), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A previous study indicated that people could obtain mercury for ritualistic use from botanicas located in Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx. Working closely with local community partners, we concentrated our recruiting efforts through health clinics located in potentially affected neighborhoods. We developed posters to advertise the study, conducted active outreach through local partners, and, as compensation for participation in the study, we offered a food gift certificate redeemable at a local grocer. We collected 460 urine specimens and analyzed them for total mercury. Overall, geometric mean urine total mercury was 0.31 mu g mercury/l urine. One sample was 24 mu g mercury/l urine, which exceeded the (20 mu g mercury/l urine) NYSDOH Heavy Metal Registry reporting threshold for urine mercury exposure. Geometric mean urine mercury levels were uniformly low and did not differ by neighborhood or with any clinical significance by children's ethnicity. Few parents reported the presence of mercury at home, in a charm, or other item (e.g., skin-lightening creams and soaps), and we found no association between these potential sources of exposure and a child's urinary mercury levels. All pediatric mercury levels measured in this study were well below a level considered to be of medical concern. This study found neither self-reported nor measured evidence of significant mercury use or exposure among participating children. Because some participants were aware of the possibility that they could acquire and use mercury for cultural or ritualistic purposes, community education about the health hazards of mercury should continue. C1 [Rogers, Helen S.; Kieszak, Stephanie; Caldwell, Kathy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Rubin, Carol] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rubin, Carol] Bur Environm Surveillance & Policy, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY USA. [Fritz, Pat; Spliethoff, Henry] Ctr Environm Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY USA. [Spliethoff, Henry; Palmer, Christopher D.; Parsons, Patrick J.; Eadon, George] Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Parsons, Patrick J.; Eadon, George] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY USA. [Rogers, Helen S.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Rogers, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM hhs0@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X; Spliethoff, Henry/0000-0003-2195-309X FU PHS HHS [U59CCU223 39202, U50CCJU222455, U50CCU223290] NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JAN PY 2008 VL 85 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s11524-007-9230-2 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 252VQ UT WOS:000252475300004 PM 17957474 ER PT J AU Steele, CB Thomas, CN Richardson, LC AF Steele, C. Brooke Thomas, Christopher N. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Human papillomavirus-related content in state and tribal comprehensive cancer control plans SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; WOMEN AB Oncogenic types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are firmly established as etiological agents for most premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions of the cervical mucosa. Genital infection with HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. Although most women infected with the virus become HPV negative within 2 years, women with persistent high-risk HPV infections are at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer. Since the development of the Papanicolau (Pap) test more than 60 years ago to screen for cervical cancer, technological advances have occurred in cervical cytology screening and HPV vaccine research. For example, in 2001, high-risk HPV DNA testing was recommended for the management of women whose Pap smears (collected by a liquid-based method) reveal atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration licensed a quadrivalent HPV vaccine for females aged 9-26 years to prevent cervical cancer, precancerous lesions, and genital warts associated with HPV types in the vaccine. New and emerging technologies in cancer diagnosis, management, and prevention are often addressed in comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans developed by states, tribes, and territories. CCC is a collaborative process through which a community and its partners pool resources to reduce the burden of cancer. To assess whether CCC plans include HPV-related content, particularly regarding cervical cancer screening and prevention, we reviewed the most current plans available between October 2006 and January 2007 on an interactive Internet site for CCC programs (n = 53). This paper describes the contexts in which HPV-related content occurs in the plans. C1 [Steele, C. Brooke; Thomas, Christopher N.; Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steele, CB (reprint author), Div Canc Prevent & Control, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Mail Stop K-57,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BrookeSteele1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0705 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 268JE UT WOS:000253575300001 PM 18240976 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, CD Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J. Shieh, W. J. Paddock, C. D. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of pneumonias in relation to the etiologic agent SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 1300 BP 285A EP 285A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101428 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Paddock, C Lederman, E Bloland, P Rao, C Gould, H Njenga, K Mohamed, M Kimanga, D Mutonga, D Amwayi, S Nichol, S Breiman, R Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR AF Shieh, W. J. Paddock, C. Lederman, E. Bloland, P. Rao, C. Gould, H. Njenga, K. Mohamed, M. Kimanga, D. Mutonga, D. Amwayi, S. Nichol, S. Breiman, R. Ksiazek, T. G. Zaki, S. R. TI Pathologic studies of rift valley fever from an outbreak in eastern Africa, 2006-2007 SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent US, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 1319 BP 289A EP 289A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101447 ER PT J AU Beral, V Doll, R Hermon, C Peto, R Reeves, G Brinton, L Green, AC Marchbanks, P Negri, E Ness, R Peeters, P Vessey, M Calle, EE Rodriguez, C Dal Maso, L Talamini, R Cramer, D Hankinson, SE Tworoger, SS Chetrit, A Hirsh-Yechezkel, G Lubin, F Sadetzki, S Appleby, P Banks, E de Gonzalez, AB Bull, D Crossley, B Goodill, A Green, I Green, J Key, T Collins, R Gonzalez, CA Lee, N Ory, HW Peterson, HB Wingo, PA Martin, N Pardthaisong, T Silpisornkosol, S Theetranont, C Boosiri, B Chutivongse, S Jimakorn, P Virutamasen, P Wongsrichanalai, C Titus-Ernstoff, L Mosgaard, BJ Yeates, D Chang-Claude, J Rossing, MA Thomas, D Weiss, N Franceschi, S La Vecchia, C Adami, HO Magnusson, C Riman, T Weiderpass, E Wolk, A Brinton, LA Freedman, DM Hartge, P Lacey, JM Hoover, R Schouten, LJ van den Brandt, PA Chantarakul, N Koetsawang, S Rachawat, D Graff-Iversen, S Selmer, R Bain, CJ Green, AC Purdie, DM Siskind, V Webb, PM McCann, SE Hannaford, P Kay, C Binns, CW Lee, AH Zhang, M Nasca, P Coogan, PF Kelsey, J Paffenbarger, R Whittemore, A Katsouyanni, K Trichopoulou, A Trichopoulos, D Tzonou, A Dabancens, A Martinez, L Molina, R Salas, O Goodman, MT Laurie, G Carney, ME Wilkens, LR Bladstrom, A Olsson, H Ness, RB Grisso, JA Morgan, M Wheeler, JE Peeters, P Casagrande, J Pike, MC Ross, RK Wu, AH Kumle, M Lund, E McGowan, L Shu, XO Zheng, W Farley, TMM Holck, S Meirik, O Risch, HA AF Beral, V. Doll, R. Hermon, C. Peto, R. Reeves, G. Brinton, L. Green, A. C. Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Rodriguez, C. Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Cramer, D. Hankinson, S. E. Tworoger, S. S. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. Sadetzki, S. Appleby, P. Banks, E. de Gonzalez, A. Berrington Bull, D. Crossley, B. Goodil, A. Green, I. Green, J. Key, T. Collins, R. Gonzalez, C. A. Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Titus-Ernstoff, L. Mosgaard, M. J. Yeates, D. Chang-Claude, J. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. Weiss, N. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Adami, H. O. Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Lacey, J. M. Hoover, R. Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Kelsey, J. Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. Goodman, M. T. Laurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Bladstrom, A. Olsson, H. Ness, R. B. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Peeters, P. Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. Wu, A. H. Kumle, M. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. CA Collaborative Grp Epidemiological TI Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23 257 women with ovarian cancer and 87 303 controls SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID REQUIRING PROLONGED OBSERVATION; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY-INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; LARGE COHORT; FOOD GROUPS; LIFE-STYLE AB Background Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects. Methods Individual data for 23 257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) and 87 303 without ovarian cancer (controls) from 45 epidemiological studies in 21 countries were checked and analysed centrally. The relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by study, age, parity, and hysterectomy. Findings Overall 7308 (31%) cases and 32 717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users of 4 . 4 and 5 . 0 years, respectively. The median year of cancer diagnosis was 1993, when cases were aged an average of 56 years. The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovarian cancer risk (p<0. 0001). This reduction in risk persisted for more than 30 years after oral contraceptive use had ceased but became somewhat attenuated over time the proportional risk reductions per 5 years of use were 29% (95% CI 23-34%) for use that had ceased less than 10 years previously, 19% (14-24%) for use that had ceased 10-19 years previously, and 15% (9-21%) for use that had ceased 20-29 years previously. Use during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s was associated with similar proportional risk reductions, although typical oestrogen doses in the 1960s were more than double those in the 1980s. The incidence of mucinous tumours (12% of the total) seemed little affected by oral contraceptives, but otherwise the proportional risk reduction did not vary much between different histological types. In high-income countries, 10 years use of oral contraceptives was estimated to reduce ovarian cancer incidence before age 75 from 1 . 2 to 0 . 8 per 100 users and mortality from 0 . 7 to 0 . 5 per 100; for every 5000 woman-years of use, about two ovarian cancers and one death from the disease before age 75 are prevented. Interpretation Use of oral contraceptives confers long-term protection against ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that oral contraceptives have already prevented some 200000 ovarian cancers and 100000 deaths from the disease, and that over the next few decades the number of cancers prevented will rise to at least 30 000 per year. C1 [Beral, V.; Appleby, P.] Canc Res UK Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX3 7LF, England. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Calle, E. E.; Rodriguez, C.] Aviano Canc Ctr, Pordenone, Italy. [Chetrit, A.; Hirsh-Yechezkel, G.; Lubin, F.; Sadetzki, S.] Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. [Beral, V.; Hermon, C.; Appleby, P.; Banks, E.; de Gonzalez, A. Berrington; Bull, D.; Crossley, B.; Goodil, A.; Green, I.; Green, J.; Key, T.] Canc Res UK MRC BHF, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England. [Beral, V.; Hermon, C.; Appleby, P.; Banks, E.; de Gonzalez, A. Berrington; Bull, D.; Crossley, B.; Goodil, A.; Green, I.; Green, J.; Key, T.] Canc Res UK MRC BHF, Epidemiol Studies Unit, Oxford, England. [Doll, R.; Peto, R.; Collins, R.] Catalan Inst Oncol, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Dept Publ Hlth, Oxford, England. Deutsches Krebforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. Univ Milan, Ist Mario Negri, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, Netherlands. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Rosewell Pk Canc Inst, New York, NY USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Athens, Greece. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hosp Lund, Lund, Sweden. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Tromso, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. WHO, UNDP UNFPA, World Bank Special Programme Res Dev & Res Trainin, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Appleby, P (reprint author), Canc Res UK Epidemiol Unit, Richard Doll Bldg,Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7LF, England. EM collaborations@ceu.ox.ac.uk RI Grisso, Jeane Ann/C-2027-2012; Schouten, Leo/G-3713-2012; Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Binns, Colin/A-6012-2008; Negri, Eva/B-7244-2013; Webb, Penelope/D-5736-2013; Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015; Weiderpass, Elisabete/M-4029-2016 OI Tworoger, Shelley/0000-0002-6986-7046; La Vecchia, Carlo/0000-0003-1441-897X; Negri, Eva/0000-0001-9712-8526; Webb, Penelope/0000-0003-0733-5930; Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562; Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128 NR 60 TC 256 Z9 263 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9609 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254VQ UT WOS:000252616500026 ER PT J AU Abel, GA Friese, CR Magazu, LS Richardson, LC Fernandez, ME De Zengotita, JJ Earle, CC AF Abel, Gregory A. Friese, Christopher R. Magazu, Lysa S. Richardson, Lisa C. Fernandez, Maria E. De Zengotita, Juan Jaime Earle, Craig C. TI Delays in referral and diagnosis for chronic hematologic malignancies: A literature review SO LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA LA English DT Article DE hematologic malignancy; delays; diagnosis; referral; primary care provider; lymphoma and Hodgkin disease; neoplasia; myeloid leukemias and dysplasias ID FAMILY PHYSICIANS KNOWLEDGE; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; NATIONAL-SURVEY; NHS-PATIENTS; STAGE; LYMPHOMA AB To better understand the extent of diagnostic and referral delays from primary care providers (PCPs) for chronic hematologic malignancies, causes of these delays, and their possible effects on cancer outcomes, an extensive review of the literature was performed. Over 50 studies were reviewed, including many that concern delays in referral and diagnosis for solid tumors, as there was only sparse literature on delays specific to the liquid tumors. Delays for some chronic hematologic malignancies have been documented, mainly in centralized health care systems. Possible reasons for delays include PCPs' lack of exposure to hematologic malignancies, limited knowledge of associated signs and symptoms, and a reliance on patient symptoms to prompt referral (as opposed to signs and screening). Patient characteristics such as age, gender and race-ethnicity are also likely to play a role, although it is unclear if these exert their effect primarily via patient or provider mechanisms. Unfortunately, the outcomes associated with such delays are largely unreported, possibly because delay is complex to define and difficult to measure. C1 [Abel, Gregory A.; Friese, Christopher R.; Magazu, Lysa S.; Earle, Craig C.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Outcomes & Policy Res, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fernandez, Maria E.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [De Zengotita, Juan Jaime] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Abel, GA (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Outcomes & Policy Res, Dept Med Oncol, 44 Binney St,Smith 271, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM gregory_abel@dfci.harvard.edu RI Friese, Christopher/D-2097-2013 OI Friese, Christopher/0000-0002-2281-2056 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1042-8194 EI 1029-2403 J9 LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA JI Leuk. Lymphoma PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1352 EP 1359 DI 10.1080/10428190802124281 PG 8 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 322AS UT WOS:000257348200021 PM 18604724 ER PT J AU Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. TI Plasmodium vivax: who cares? SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID DUFFY-BINDING-PROTEIN; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; MALARIA-VACCINE CANDIDATE; TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING VACCINE; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; SPOROZOITE TISSUE STAGES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; PRIMATE MALARIA; LIVER-STAGE AB More attention is being focused on malaria today than any time since the world's last efforts to achieve eradication over 40 years ago. The global community is now discussing strategies aimed at dramatically reducing malarial disease burden and the eventual eradication of all types of malaria, everywhere. As a consequence, Plasmodium vivax, which has long been neglected and mistakenly considered inconsequential, is now entering into the strategic debates taking place on malaria epidemiology and control, drug resistance, pathogenesis and vaccines. Thus, contrary to the past, the malaria research community is becoming more aware and concerned about the widespread spectrum of illness and death caused by up to a couple of hundred million cases of vivax malaria each year. This review brings these issues to light and provides an overview of P. vivax vaccine development, then and now. Progress had been slow, given inherent research challenges and minimal support in the past, but prospects are looking better for making headway in the next few years. P. vivax, known to invade the youngest red blood cells, the reticulocytes, presents a strong challenge towards developing a reliable long-term culture system to facilitate needed research. The P. vivax genome was published recently, and vivax researchers now need to coordinate efforts to discover new vaccine candidates, establish new vaccine approaches, capitalize on non-human primate models for testing, and investigate the unique biological features of P. vivax, including the elusive P. vivax hypnozoites. Comparative studies on both P. falciparum and P. vivax in many areas of research will be essential to eradicate malaria. And to this end, the education and training of future generations of dedicated "malariologists" to advance our knowledge, understanding and the development of new interventions against each of the malaria species infecting humans also will be essential. C1 [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mary.galinski@emory.edu; wzb3@cdc.gov RI liu, ze/A-2322-2010 FU NIH [1R01AI247, R01AI065961, P01HL0788626, R01AI064766] FX We would like to express our special thanks to Esmeralda VS Meyer for her critical reading of this manuscript and research assistance provided during the early stages of its preparation. MRG is supported by NIH grants: # 1 R01AI247, R01AI065961, P01HL0788626, and R01AI064766. NR 176 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PY 2008 VL 7 SU 1 AR S9 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-S1-S9 PG 18 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 602UG UT WOS:000278163700009 PM 19091043 ER PT J AU Bethell, CD Read, D Blumberg, SJ Newacheck, PW AF Bethell, Christina D. Read, Debra Blumberg, Stephen J. Newacheck, Paul W. TI What is the prevalence of children with special health care needs? toward an understanding of variations in findings and methods across three national surveys SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Children with Special Health Care Needs; survey methodology; National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs; National Survey of Children's Health; Medical Expenditures Panel Survey; CSHCN Screener ID IDENTIFYING CHILDREN; SURVEY PARTICIPATION; DEFINITION AB Objectives To compare and consider sources of variation in the prevalence and characteristics of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) identified using the CSHCN Screener across the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and the 2001 - 2004 Medical Expenditures Panel Surveys (MEPS). Methods For each survey, national prevalence rates and the demographic, health and health need characteristics of CSHCN age 0 - 17 years were estimated and compared. The stability of CSHCN state prevalence rankings between the NS-CSHCN and NSCH was assessed. Logistic regression analysis produced adjusted odds of identification for subgroups of children. CSHCN Screener sampling and administration were profiled across eight methodology parameters for each survey. Results Compared to the NS-CSHCN (12.8%), CSHCN prevalence for children age 0 - 17 years was 4.8 points higher for the NSCH (17.6%) and 6.0 - 6.5 points higher across the four 2001 - 2004 MEPS datasets (18.8 - 19.3%). The adjusted probability of identification by child's demographic characteristics was stable across all datasets as were state prevalence rankings between the NS-CSHCN and the NSCH. CSHCN identified through the NS-CSHCN were slightly more likely to meet more than one CSHCN Screener criteria, to meet the '' above routine need or use of services '' criterion and to miss two or more weeks of school due to illness compared to the NSCH, suggesting that CSHCN with less complex and/or serious health consequences may not have been as likely to be identified through the NS-CSHCN. CSHCN prevalence did not change significantly between 2001 and 2004 MEPS, although some off-setting increases or decreases in the proportion of CSHCN meeting specific CSHCN Screener criteria occurred and reflects trends toward increased prescription medication use in children. Conclusions When CSHCN Screener administration methods remained similar across years (2001 - 2004 MEPS), CSHCN prevalence rates were stable. When methods varied between surveys, CSHCN prevalence rates differed. These differences suggest that prevalence is best expressed as a range, rather than as a point estimate. However, once identified, characteristics and health needs of CSHCN were stable across surveys evaluated, each of which has unique strengths for purposes of policy and research. C1 [Bethell, Christina D.; Read, Debra] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Measurement Initiat, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Blumberg, Stephen J.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Newacheck, Paul W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bethell, CD (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Measurement Initiat, Dept Pediat, Mailcod CDRC P,707 SW Gaines St, Portland, OR 97219 USA. EM bethellc@ohsu.edu NR 31 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0220-5 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244LO UT WOS:000251867600001 PM 17566855 ER PT J AU Barfield, WD Clements, KM Lee, KG Kotelchuck, M Wilber, N Wise, PH AF Barfield, Wanda D. Clements, Karen M. Lee, Kimberly G. Kotelchuck, Milton Wilber, Nancy Wise, Paul H. TI Using linked data to assess patterns of Early Intervention (EI) referral among very low birth weight infants SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Conference CY DEC 09, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; NATIONAL INSTITUTE; PREMATURE-INFANTS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILD HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; OUTCOMES; CARE; PROGRAM AB Objectives Access to Early Intervention (EI) services may improve cognitive and behavioral outcomes in very low birth weight infants, but few states have population-based data to evaluate EI outreach efforts. We analyzed Massachusetts (MA) infants born weighing < 1,200 g to identify maternal and birth characteristics that predicted EI referral and timing of referral. Methods MA birth and hospital discharge records (Jan. 1998 - Sept. 2000) were linked to EI referral records (Jan. 1998 - Sept. 2003) via probabilistic and deterministic methods (88% linkage). Timing of EI referral among infants weighing < 1,200 g was examined by infant and maternal characteristics using categorical (0 - 12 months, 12 - 36 months, or no referral) time comparisons in the crude analysis. Survival functions calculating median time to referral, and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous time comparisons of EI referral from birth to 36 months. Results Of 1,233 infants weighing < 1,200 g, 93.2% were referred to EI. After risk adjustment, referral was more likely among multiple-birth infants (HR=1.17, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.30) and less likely among infants < 28 weeks (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.64 - 0.77) or with low Apgar scores (< 5 at 5 min; HR=0.75; 95% CI 0.62 - 0.92). EI referrals were lower for infants of black non-Hispanic mothers, and mothers without private insurance (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.74 - 0.98 and HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 - 0.86, respectively). Conclusions In MA, most infants born < 1,200 g are referred to EI, but disparities exist. Analysis of linked population-based health and developmental services can inform programs in order to reduce disparities and improve access for all high-risk infants. C1 [Barfield, Wanda D.; Clements, Karen M.; Wilber, Nancy] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, Kimberly G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Wise, Paul H.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Palo Alto, CA 94505 USA. RP Barfield, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wbarfield@cdc.gov; karen.clements@dph.state.ma.us; leeki@musc.edu; kotelchuck@bu.edu; nancy.wilber@dph.state.ma.us; pwise@stanford.edu FU PHS HHS [S1887-21/23, S3485-23/23] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0227-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244LO UT WOS:000251867600003 PM 17562149 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, SB Richardson, LC Pollack, L Linden, H Blough, DK Anderson, N AF Ramsey, Scott D. Zeliadt, Steven B. Richardson, Lisa C. Pollack, Loria Linden, Hannah Blough, David K. Anderson, Nancy TI Disenrollment from Medicaid after recent cancer diagnosis SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE cancer; Medicaid; health insurance; enrollment; treatment ID BREAST-CANCER; INSURED POPULATION; CLAIMS DATA; CARE; INSURANCE; ACCESS; STAGE; EQUITY AB Objectives- We examine the frequency with which newly diagnosed cancer patients are covered by Medicaid in Washington State and the duration of coverage. Methods: Medicaid enrollment and claims files were linked to the Washington State Cancer Registry to identify all Medicaid enrollees with breast, cervical, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer between 1997 and 2002. Results: We identified 5009 newly diagnosed cancer patients covered by Medicaid, approximately 13% of the total cases diagnosed in subjects less than 65 years of age in Washington State. The majority, 2866 (57%), enrolled in Medicaid around the time of diagnosis; the remainder had been enrolled at least 3 months before diagnosis. Persons enrolled at diagnosis had later-stage cancer; those enrolled before diagnosis had more noncancer comorbidities. Overall, 18% had disenrolled by 6 months after diagnosis; 34% by 1 year; and 54% by 2 years. Conclusions: Medicaid patients with cancer in Washington State experience a high rate of disenrollment within 1 year after diagnosis. Further research is needed to determine whether disenrollment compromises initial therapy or follow-up care. C1 [Ramsey, Scott D.; Zeliadt, Steven B.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.; Pollack, Loria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Linden, Hannah] Univ Washington, Div Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blough, David K.] Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Nancy] Washington State Univ, Dept Social & Hlth Serv, Olympia, WA USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M3-B232, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM sramsey@fbcrc.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1-U48-DP-000050]; NCI NIH HHS [CA-92408] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 249NA UT WOS:000252234200008 PM 18162855 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Boy with Acute Pharyngitis SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PATHOGENESIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300002 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM A Case-Based Approach INTRODUCTION SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP IX EP XI PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300001 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Student with Dysuria SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 12 EP 22 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300003 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Boy with Vomiting and Diarrhea after a School Picnic SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300004 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Chronic Diarrhea in a Traveler SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMEBIASIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 46 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300005 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Boy with Skin Lesions SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIONS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300006 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Student with a Skin Lesion Following a Trip to India SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTHRAX C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300007 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Man with a Surgical Wound after a Prosthetic Hip Placement SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIONS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300008 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Boy with Fever and Right Leg Pain Following a Canoe Accident SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OSTEOMYELITIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 75 EP 88 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300009 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Woman with Acute Abdominal Pain and Cervical Discharge SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300010 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Woman with Acute Fever and Productive Cough SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 99 EP 114 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300011 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Nursing Home Resident with Fever, Cough, and Myalgias SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PNEUMONIA C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300012 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Baby with Fever, Rhinitis and Bronchiolitis SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HIGH-RISK; INFECTION C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300013 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Woman with Fever, Cough, and Weight Loss SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300014 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Student with Chronic Fever, Dry Cough and Pneumonia SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 144 EP 154 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300015 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient with Nodular Pneumonia SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASPERGILLOSIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300016 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Boy with Acute Fever, Headache, and Confusion SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 167 EP 181 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300017 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Woman with Lymphocytic Meningitis SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 182 EP 191 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300018 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Neonate with Fever and Vesicular Rash SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300019 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Renal Transplant Recipient with Chronic Meningitis SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 201 EP 212 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300020 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Man with Acute Fever and Periumbilical Pain SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 213 EP 224 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300021 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Man with Two Weeks of Fever and a Systolic Murmur SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; MANAGEMENT; COMPLICATIONS; GUIDELINES; DISEASE C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300022 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Young Man with Fatigue and an Abnormal Liver Test SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 236 EP 245 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300023 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Fever of Unknown Origin in a Traveler SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 246 EP 258 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300024 ER PT B AU Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL AF Carey, Roberta B. Schuster, Mindy G. McGowan, Karin L. BA Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL BF Carey, RB Schuster, MG McGowan, KL TI Student with Fever, Lymphadenopathy and Hepatosplenomegaly SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE NEW CURRICULUM: A CASE-BASED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Roberta B.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Carey, Roberta B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McGowan, Karin L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Microbiol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carey, RB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47933-8 PY 2008 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pathology GA BCJ53 UT WOS:000310289300025 ER PT J AU Seabra, AFTE Ribeiro Maia, JA Mendonca, DM Thomis, M Caspersen, CJ Fulton, JE AF Seabra, Andre Filipe Teixeira E. Ribeiro Maia, Jose Antonio Mendonca, Denisa M. Thomis, Martine Caspersen, Carl J. Fulton, Janet E. TI Age and sex differences in physical activity of Portuguese adolescents SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the ACSM CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med DE motor activity; sports; decline; child ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SPORTS PARTICIPATION; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; YOUTH; US; OBESITY; DECLINE; FAMILY AB This study sought to examine sex- and age-associated variations in physical activity (PA) among Portuguese adolescents aged 10-18 yr. Methods: A total of 12,577 males and females at the primary or secondary education level were sampled across four regions of Portugal. PA was assessed by a questionnaire, producing four different indexes: work/school (WSI), sport (SI), leisure time (LI), and total physical activity index (PAI). We examined sex and age differences by using two-way analysis of variance. Results: Males had higher mean values of PA than did females. In both sexes, mean values for all four PA indexes increased from ages 10 to 16 yr. After age 16, females decreased their mean values, whereas males continued to increase their values (except for LI). In both sexes, the average annual rate of change for the mean values of all four PA indexes correspond to three sensitive age periods (10-13, 13-16, and 16-18 yr). Until age 16, average mean changes for females ranged from +0.7 to +1.6% per year, except for SI in the youngest group (a modest decrease). For males under 16 yr, the pattern was similar, with increases ranging from 0.4 to 1.9% per year. After age 16, females experienced decreases of 1-2.1% per year for the four PA indexes, whereas males showed an increase for three indexes and an average decrease of 1.3% per year for LI. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is important to consider sex differences in PA levels among Portuguese adolescents. Unlike their male counterparts, Portuguese females may reduce much of their PA during late adolescence. C1 [Seabra, Andre Filipe Teixeira E.] Univ Porto, Fac Sports, P-914200 Oporto, Portugal. [Mendonca, Denisa M.] Univ Porto, ICBAS, Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Thomis, Martine] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Louvain, Belgium. [Caspersen, Carl J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Div Nutr & Phys Activity, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Seabra, AFTE (reprint author), Univ Porto, Fac Sports, Rua Dr Placido Costa, P-914200 Oporto, Portugal. EM aseabra@fade.up.pt RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Mendonca, Denisa/K-5561-2014; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; seabra, andre/L-8770-2013; OI Mendonca, Denisa/0000-0003-4835-8944; Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; seabra, andre/0000-0002-6788-4555; Maia, Jose/0000-0002-3273-0046 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181593e18 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 244MV UT WOS:000251870900010 PM 18182935 ER PT J AU Troiano, RP Berrigan, D Dodd, KW Masse, LC Tilert, T Mcdowell, M AF Troiano, Richard P. Berrigan, David Dodd, Kevin W. Masse, Louise C. Tilert, Timothy Mcdowell, Margaret TI Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the ACSM CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med DE NHANES; moderate; vigorous; bouts; youth; adults ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OBESITY; MONITOR; WALKING AB Purpose: To describe physical activity levels of children (6-11 yr), adolescents (12-19 yr), and adults (20+ yr), using objective data obtained with accelerometers from a representative sample of the U.S. population. Methods: These results were obtained from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional study of a complex, multistage probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population in the United States. Data are described from 6329 participants who provided at least 1 d of accelerometer data and from 4867 participants who provided four or more days of accelerometer data. Results: Males are more physically active than females. Physical activity declines dramatically across age groups between childhood and adolescence and continues to decline with age. For example, 42% of children ages 6-11 yr obtain the recommended 60 min.d(-1) of physical activity, whereas only 8% of adolescents achieve this goal. Among adults, adherence to the recommendation to obtain 30 min.d(-1) of physical activity is less than 5%. Conclusions: Objective and subjective measures of physical activity give qualitatively similar results regarding gender and age patterns of activity. However, adherence to physical activity recommendations according to accelerometer-measured activity is substantially lower than according to self-report. Great care must be taken when interpreting self-reported physical activity in clinical practice, public health program design and evaluation, and epidemiological research. C1 [Troiano, Richard P.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Troiano, Richard P.; Berrigan, David; Dodd, Kevin W.; Masse, Louise C.] NIH, Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Tilert, Timothy; Mcdowell, Margaret] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Troiano, RP (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM troianor@mail.nih.gov RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X NR 35 TC 2477 Z9 2506 U1 33 U2 297 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 244MV UT WOS:000251870900025 PM 18091006 ER PT B AU Ford, ES Liu, SM AF Ford, Earl S. Liu, Simin BE Hansen, BC Bray, GA TI Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease An Epidemiological Perspective SO METABOLIC SYNDROME: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL TREATMENT, AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS SE Contemporary Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE TEST; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; TYPE-2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP C1 [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Liu, Simin] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Liu, Simin] Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-58829-738-9 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2008 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-116-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-116-5 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BJO56 UT WOS:000266907200006 ER PT J AU Mullooly, JP Donahue, JG DeStefano, F Baggs, J Eriksen, E AF Mullooly, J. P. Donahue, J. G. DeStefano, F. Baggs, J. Eriksen, E. CA VSD Data Quality Working Grp TI Predictive value of ICD-9-CM codes used in vaccine safety research SO METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ICD-9-CM codes; positive predictive values; vaccine safety; bias; power reductions ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DATALINK PROJECT; CASE-DEFINITION; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; RISK; INTUSSUSCEPTION; DATABASES AB Objectives: To assess how well selected ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes predict adverse events; to model bias and power loss when vaccine safety analyses rely on unverified codes. Methods: We extracted chart verification data for ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes from six Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) publications and modeled biases and power losses using positive predictive value (PPV) estimates and ranges of code sensitivity. Results: Positive predictive values were high for type 1 diabetes (80%) in children, relative to WHO criteria, and intussusception (81%) in young children, relative to a standard published case definition. PPVs were moderate (65%) for inpatient and emergency department childhood seizures and low (21%) for outpatient childhood seizures, both relative to physician investigator judgment. Codes for incident central nervous system demyelinating disease in adults had high PPV for inpatient codes (80%) and low PPV for outpatient codes (42%) relative to physicians' diagnoses. Modeled biases were modest, but large increases in frequencies of adverse events are required to achieve adequate power if unverified ICD-9-CM codes are used, especially when vaccine associations are weak. Conclusions: ICD-9-CM codes for type 1 diabetes in children, intussusception in young children, childhood seizures in inpatient and emergency care settings, and inpatient demyelinating disease in adults were sufficiently predictive for vaccine safety analyses to rely on unverified diagnosis codes. Adverse event misclassification should be accounted for in statistical power calculations. C1 [Mullooly, J. P.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Donahue, J. G.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI USA. [DeStefano, F.; Baggs, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eriksen, E.] UCLA Ctr Vaccine Res, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA USA. RP Mullooly, JP (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM john.mullooly@kpchr.org OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0026-1270 J9 METHOD INFORM MED JI Methods Inf. Med. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.3414/ME0500 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 341YI UT WOS:000258751400006 PM 18690366 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Paddock, CD Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J. Shieh, W. J. Paddock, C. D. Zaki, S. R. TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of pneumonias in relation to the etiologic agent SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 1300 BP 285A EP 285A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180201429 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Paddock, C Lederman, E Bloland, P Rao, C Gould, H Njenga, K Mohamed, M Kimanga, D Mutonga, D Amwayi, S Nichol, S Bretman, R Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR AF Shieh, W. J. Paddock, C. Lederman, E. Bloland, P. Rao, C. Gould, H. Njenga, K. Mohamed, M. Kimanga, D. Mutonga, D. Amwayi, S. Nichol, S. Bretman, R. Ksiazek, T. G. Zaki, S. R. TI Pathologic studies of Rift Valley fever from an outbreak in Eastern Africa, 2006-2007 SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 1319 BP 289A EP 289A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180201448 ER PT J AU Bronzan, RN McMorrow, ML Kachur, SP AF Bronzan, Rachel N. McMorrow, Meredith L. Kachur, S. Patrick TI Diagnosis of Malaria Challenges for Clinicians in Endemic and Non-Endemic Regions SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS & THERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; COMBINATION THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; UGANDAN CHILDREN; IMPORTED MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; TESTS; MANAGEMENT AB Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical factors in reducing morbidity and mortality, as delayed treatment of malaria increases the risk of death. Microscopy has long been the standard of malaria diagnosis, but newer diagnostic tests now offer advantages in certain settings. Malaria diagnosis is complicated by the fact that acquired immunity to malaria can result in asymptomatic infections. In a symptomatic (febrile) patient, no existing malaria diagnostic test can distinguish malarial illness from parasitemia with concomitant fever of another cause. In this review we discuss the available malaria diagnostic tests, appropriate applications for each, and the challenges of malaria diagnosis in both endemic and non-endemic settings. C1 [Bronzan, Rachel N.; McMorrow, Meredith L.; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & En, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bronzan, RN (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RBronzan@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1177-1062 J9 MOL DIAGN THER JI Mol. Diagn. Ther. PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 357ZT UT WOS:000259886600004 PM 18803428 ER PT J AU Pacurari, M Yin, XJ Ding, M Leonard, SS Schwegler-Berry, D Ducatman, BS Chirila, M Endo, M Castranova, V Vallyathan, V AF Pacurari, Maricica Yin, Xue J. Ding, Min Leonard, Steve S. Schwegler-Berry, Diana Ducatman, Barbara S. Chirila, Madalina Endo, Morinobu Castranova, Vincent Vallyathan, Val TI Oxidative and molecular interactions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in normal and malignant human mesothelial cells SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytotoxicity; DNA damage; mesothelial cells; multi wall carbon nanotubes; reactive oxygen species ID NF-KAPPA-B; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; MOUSE MODEL; ACTIVATION; ASBESTOS; MICE; EXPRESSION; STRESS; KERATINOCYTES AB Carbon nanotubes are new tools in industry and medicine with their potential applications in many uses. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with their morphologic similarity to asbestos and wide commercial and biomedical applications necessitate these investigations. The present study investigated the biological reactivity of MWCNT in normal (NM) and malignant (MM) mesothelial cells. MWCNT containing low iron content generated only negligible amounts of reactive oxygen species with both cells. Exposure of both cell types to MWCNT caused cell death, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptosis, which were greater in MM cells. Exposure of both cells to MWCNT caused a parallel activation of two important transcription factors, phosphorylation of H2AX, and PARP activation which were greater in NM cells. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 was greater in MM cells than in NM cells. These findings demonstrate that MWCNT are biologically potent activators of molecular events in NM cells associated with mesothelioma development. C1 [Pacurari, Maricica; Ding, Min; Leonard, Steve S.; Schwegler-Berry, Diana; Chirila, Madalina; Castranova, Vincent; Vallyathan, Val] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Yin, Xue J.; Ducatman, Barbara S.] W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Endo, Morinobu] Shinshu Univ, Fac Engn, Nagano 380, Japan. RP Vallyathan, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vavl@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1080/17435390802318356 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 363WG UT WOS:000260297200006 ER PT J AU Chandrasekaran, A Srinivasan, A Raman, R Viswanathan, K Raguram, S Tumpey, TM Sasisekharan, V Sasisekharan, R AF Chandrasekaran, Aarthi Srinivasan, Aravind Raman, Rahul Viswanathan, Karthik Raguram, S. Tumpey, Terrence M. Sasisekharan, V. Sasisekharan, Ram TI Glycan topology determines human adaptation of avian H5N1 virus hemagglutinin SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; RECEPTOR-BINDING SPECIFICITY; 1918 INFLUENZA-VIRUS; A VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; MODEL; ACID AB A switch in specificity of avian influenza A viruses' hemagglutinin (HA) from avian-like (alpha 2-3 sialylated glycans) to human- like (alpha 2-6 sialylated glycans) receptors is believed to be associated with their adaptation to infect humans(1-4). We show that a characteristic structural topology - and not the alpha 2-6 linkage itself - enables specific binding of HA to alpha 2-6 sialylated glycans and that recognition of this topology may be critical for adaptation of HA to bind glycans in the upper respiratory tract of humans. An integrated biochemical, analytical and data mining approach demonstrates that HAs from the human- adapted H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, but not H5N1 (bird flu) viruses, specifically bind to long alpha 2-6 sialylated glycans with this topology. This could explain why H5N1 viruses have not yet gained a foothold in the human population(5,6). Our findings will enable the development of additional strategies for effective surveillance and potential therapeutic interventions for H5N1 and possibly other influenza A viruses. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Aarthi; Srinivasan, Aravind; Raman, Rahul; Viswanathan, Karthik; Raguram, S.; Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sasisekharan, V.; Sasisekharan, Ram] Harvard Univ, MIT, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sasisekharan, Ram] MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sasisekharan, R (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rams@mit.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57073, U54 GM62116] NR 27 TC 232 Z9 242 U1 7 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1038/nbt1375 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 249IW UT WOS:000252222500030 PM 18176555 ER PT J AU Turabelidze, G Zhu, BP Schootman, M Malone, JL Horowitz, S Weidinger, J Williamson, D Simoes, E AF Turabelidze, George Zhu, Bao-Ping Schootman, Mario Malone, Joseph L. Horowitz, Steven Weidinger, Joseph Williamson, Dhelia Simoes, Eduardo TI An epidemiologic investigation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Jefferson County, Missouri, 1998-2002 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALS; prevalence; capture-recapture; spatial analysis ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; ALS; PREVALENCE; ENVIRONMENT; MORTALITY AB Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2002 were identified to study ALS prevalence and spatial clustering in Jefferson County, Missouri, where an active lead smelter is located. The study used the El Escorial criteria for ALS diagnosis, the capture-recapture analysis for ALS case ascertainment, and the spatial scan statistic for cluster analysis. The estimated crude prevalence of ALS in Jefferson County was 3.9 per 100,000 population (95% CI, 1.7-7.7) at the time point on December 31, 2002. After age-adjustment to the 2002 U.S. population, the prevalence was 4.2 per 100,000 (95% CI, 1.9-6.6). This prevalence estimate was comparable to recent prevalence estimates from Western Europe. A small but significant cluster (p = 0.04) was detected around the smelter area. An ALS registry utilizing outpatient, inpatient, and death certificate data is needed to provide comprehensive information for ALS case ascertainment. Etiologic studies are needed to assess whether living in proximity to a lead smelter is associated with the development of ALS. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Turabelidze, George; Zhu, Bao-Ping; Malone, Joseph L.; Weidinger, Joseph; Simoes, Eduardo] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Schootman, Mario; Williamson, Dhelia] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Horowitz, Steven] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Burlington, VT USA. [Horowitz, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Turabelidze, G (reprint author), Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. EM George.Turabelidze@dhss.mo.gov OI Schootman, Mario/0000-0003-1162-8824; Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 FU PHS HHS [U50/ATU772303-03-2] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.003 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 262ZO UT WOS:000253187600009 PM 17950889 ER PT J AU El-Fawal, HAN O'Callaghan, JP AF El-Fawal, Hassan A. N. O'Callaghan, James. P. TI Autoantibodies to neurotypic and gliotypic proteins as biomarkers of neurotoxicity: Assessment of trimethyltin (TMT) SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nervous system proteins; neurofilament; myelin basic protein; GFAP; autoantibodies; biomarkers; neurotoxicity; trimethyltin ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SILVER DEGENERATION STAINS; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; BRAIN; RATS; EXPRESSION AB Developing accessible biomarkers of neurotoxic effects which are readily applicable to human populations poses a challenge for neurotoxicology. In the past, the neurotoxic organometal trimethyltin (TMT) has been used as a denervation tool to validate the enhanced expression of GFAP as a biomarker of astrogliosis and neurotoxicity resulting from chemical exposures. In the present study, TMT was used to assess the detection of serum autoantibodies as biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Previous studies in both human and animals have demonstrated the presence of serum autoantibodies to neurotypic [e.g., neurofilament triplet (NF)] and gliotypic proteins [myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)] as a peripheral marker of neurodegeneration that may be applicable to humans and experimental studies. Male Long-Evans rats (45 days of age) were administered either TMT (8 mg/kg; s) or an equal volume of sterile 0.9% saline. At 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-administration, serum was collected, and rats were sacrificed for the collection of brains. Serum autoantibodies (both IgM and IgG isotypes) to NF68, NF160, NF200, MBP, and GFAP were assayed using an ELISA. Saline only rats did not have detectable levels of autoantibodies. Only sera from TMT-exposed rats had detectable titers of autoantibodies to NFs with IgG predominating starting week 2. Anti-NF68 titers were highest compared to NF160, or NF200. Autoantibodies to MBP and GFAP also were detected; however, there was no significant increase in their titers until week 3. Hippocampal GFAP, detected at these time points, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in control brains, indicating the induction of astrogliosis as confirmed by immunostaining of brain sections. The detection of anti-NFs, as indicative of neuronal insult, was consistent with loss of hippocampal neurons in CA3 and CA1. Our results suggest that the detection of autoantibodies to neurotypic and gliotypic proteins may be used as peripheral biomarkers to reveal evidence of nervous system neurotoxicity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [El-Fawal, Hassan A. N.] Mercy Coll, Div Professions & Nat Sci, Neurotoxicol Lab, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA. [O'Callaghan, James. P.] CDC, NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP El-Fawal, HAN (reprint author), Mercy Coll, Div Professions & Nat Sci, Neurotoxicol Lab, 555 Broadway, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA. EM helfawal@mercy.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36965] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.009 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 262ZO UT WOS:000253187600012 PM 18001836 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW AF Johnson, Barbara W. BE Reiss, CS TI Flaviviruses SO NEUROTROPIC VIRAL INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; UNITED-STATES; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RAPID DETECTION; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86964-5 PY 2008 BP 120 EP 138 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511541728.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541728 PG 19 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDI54 UT WOS:000313454600010 ER PT J AU Welsh, CJ Steelman, AJ Sieve, AN Mi, WT Johnson, RR Young, CR Prentice, TW Meagher, MW AF Welsh, C. Jane Steelman, Andrew J. Sieve, Amy N. Mi, Wentao Johnson, Robin R. Young, Colin R. Prentice, Thomas W. Meagher, Mary W. BE Reiss, CS TI Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in neurotropic viral infections SO NEUROTROPIC VIRAL INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INDUCED DEMYELINATING DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBLE SJL/J MICE; STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS; T-CELL RESPONSES; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; THEILERS-VIRUS C1 [Welsh, C. Jane; Steelman, Andrew J.; Mi, Wentao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sieve, Amy N.; Prentice, Thomas W.; Meagher, Mary W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, Coll Liberal Arts, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Johnson, Robin R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Young, Colin R.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, Coll Liberal Arts, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Welsh, CJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86964-5 PY 2008 BP 300 EP 314 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511541728.021 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541728 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDI54 UT WOS:000313454600021 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Anderson, LJ AF Khetsuriani, Nino Anderson, Larry J. BE Reiss, CS TI Epidemiology of viral encephalitis SO NEUROTROPIC VIRAL INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; ACUTE CHILDHOOD ENCEPHALITIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 4 TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS C1 [Khetsuriani, Nino; Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 170 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86964-5 PY 2008 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511541728.022 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541728 PG 19 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDI54 UT WOS:000313454600022 ER PT J AU Vaughan, C Stanfill, SB Polzin, GM Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Vaughan, Christina Stanfill, Stephen B. Polzin, Gregory M. Ashley, David L. Watson, Clifford H. TI Automated determination of seven phenolic compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DNA-DAMAGE; HYDROQUINONE; PROLIFERATION; CARCINOGENS; INHIBITION; EXTRACTION AB Exposure to hydroxyl-substituted arenes, commonly referred to as phenols or phenolic compounds, can have serious health consequences. Select phenols present in tobacco smoke are cardiovascular toxins, act as tumor co-promoters and show genotoxic activity. To examine the mainstream smoke levels of these compounds, we developed and applied a method for quantitative analysis of seven phenols (phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) in mainstream smoke. Total mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected on a Cambridge filter pad and spiked with an isotopically labeled internal standard solution. This pad underwent an automated phenol derivatization procedure to increase analyte volatility and enhance detection. Following the derivatization step, phenols from the particulate matter were sampled using solid-phase microextraction with subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection. Sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility were more than adequate for routine detection of phenols in mainstream smoke. Detection limits ranged from 0.04-0.57 mu g, with a quantification range of 0.1-710 mu g. Higher sensitivity and sample throughput were achieved compared with previously described methods. Mainstream smoke from 28 brands of domestic commercial cigarettes was evaluated to assess typical levels, and reference cigarettes containing single tobacco blends were examined to ascertain the phenolic profile from different types of tobaccos. As expected under machine smoking conditions using the Federal Trade Commission parameters, full-flavored cigarettes deliver more phenols than the light varieties, followed by the ultra light varieties. Differences were seen in relative levels of phenolic compounds in the mainstream smoke from unfiltered cigarettes made with a single type of tobacco. C1 [Vaughan, Christina; Stanfill, Stephen B.; Polzin, Gregory M.; Ashley, David L.; Watson, Clifford H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Br, Atlanta, GA 31314 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Br, Mailstop F-47,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 31314 USA. EM cow1@CDC.GOV NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.1080/14622200802123146 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 329DI UT WOS:000257846700018 PM 18629737 ER PT J AU Bombard, J Rock, V Pederson, L Asman, K AF Bombard, Jennifer M. Rock, Valerie J. Pederson, Linda L. Asman, Kat J. TI Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: Do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco? SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NICOTINE-DEPENDENCE SYMPTOMS; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; RISK BEHAVIORS; SMOKING; PRODUCTS; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS; KRETEKS; BIDIS AB The extent of concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco products (polytobacco use) is important to explore because users may be at an increased risk for adverse health effects and nicotine dependency. We determined national population estimates of current cigarette and current polytobacco use for at least 50,000 students from the 2002 and 2004 National Youth Tobacco Surveys. We identified which tobacco products were most often used in conjunction with cigarettes and used multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with polytobacco use. The overall prevalence was 16.0% for current cigarette smoking among all respondents and 15.0% for current cigarette smoking among respondents with complete information on concurrent cigarette and other tobacco product use: 8.1% used cigarettes only, and 6.9% were polytobacco users. Among current male cigarette smokers, 62.0% used other tobacco products; among current female cigarette smokers, 30.9% did. Among current cigarette smokers using one other tobacco product, cigars or smokeless tobacco were the most frequently used products. In multivariate analysis, polytobacco use was associated with being male; being in middle school; residing in the Midwest, South, or West; being able to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; being subject to peer influence; having favorable beliefs about tobacco; being willing to use tobacco promotional items; being exposed to tobacco advertisements; and having higher levels of lost autonomy (an indicator of nicotine dependency). Youth interventions need to broaden their focus to address the use of all tobacco products, paying particular attention to adolescent males and youth living outside of the Northeast. C1 [Bombard, Jennifer M.; Rock, Valerie J.; Pederson, Linda L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Asman, Kat J.] Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bombard, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbombard@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1581 EP 1589 AR PII 905082585 DI 10.1080/14622200802412887 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 369EG UT WOS:000260676500002 PM 18988070 ER PT J AU Richter, P Hodge, K Stanfill, S Zhang, LQ Watson, C AF Richter, Patricia Hodge, Knachelle Stanfill, Stephen Zhang, Liqin Watson, Clifford TI Surveillance of moist snuff: total nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO; ABSORPTION; CIGARETTE AB In 2005, approximately 2.3% of U.S. adults used smokeless tobacco. Moist snuff leads all types of smokeless tobacco in revenues and marketing expenditures. The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction. The National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health has classified smokeless tobacco as a human carcinogen. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are potent carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products, and the pH of the product influences the content of un-ionized nicotine which is the form of nicotine most rapidly absorbed in the mouth. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed 40 top-selling brands of moist snuff to measure nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and TSNAs, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). The study findings indicate that moist snuff brands varied widely in content of rapidly absorbed, addictive un-ionized nicotine (500-fold range) and of carcinogenic TSNAs (18-fold range). Product characteristics such as packaging and moisture content appeared to be correlated with concentrations of un-ionized nicotine, and flavor characteristics of low-priced brands may correlate with TSNA concentrations. These findings warrant further study in light of (a) the marketing of smokeless tobacco for use in places where smoking is prohibited, (b) the promotion of smokeless tobacco as a harm-reduction product, and (c) the ever-expanding number of highly flavored smokeless varieties brought to the market. C1 [Richter, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hodge, Knachelle] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Stanfill, Stephen; Zhang, Liqin; Watson, Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pir1@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX The authors would like to acknowledge Lily T. Jia for assistance with the analysis of the nicotine content of the smokeless tobacco samples, Dr. Michelle O'Hegarty and Bill Marx for assistance in obtaining the smokeless tobacco brands, and Dr. Brian Armour for calculating the market share data.; All research was supported by internal funds of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of trade names is for informational purposes only and in no way implies endorsement by the U. S. Government, the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, or CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1645 EP 1652 AR PII 905081811 DI 10.1080/14622200802412937 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 369EG UT WOS:000260676500009 PM 18988077 ER PT J AU MacDonald, LA Harenstam, A Warren, ND Punnett, L AF MacDonald, L. A. Harenstam, A. Warren, N. D. Punnett, L. TI Incorporating work organisation into occupational health research: an invitation for dialogue SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AUTOMOBILE-INDUSTRY; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLOSSARY; ERGONOMICS; EXPOSURE; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; DISORDERS; ILLNESSES C1 [MacDonald, L. A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Harenstam, A.] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Work Sci, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Warren, N. D.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Div Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Farmington, CT USA. [Punnett, L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. RP MacDonald, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmacdonald@cdc.gov RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014 NR 46 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.033860 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 242MH UT WOS:000251728700001 PM 18089855 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Burnett, CA AF Petersen, Martin R. Burnett, Carol A. TI The suicide mortality of working physicians and dentists SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE dentists; mortality; physicians; suicide ID MEDICAL DOCTORS AB Background Some studies have shown that physicians and dentists have elevated risks of suicide, while other studies have not. Aims Using all deaths and corresponding census data in 26 US states, we examine the suicide risk for working physicians and dentists. Methods Death and census data for working people were obtained from 1984 through 1992. Directly age-standardized suicide rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated for white male and white female physicians and white male dentists. Results For white female physicians, the suicide rate was elevated compared to the working US population (SRR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.52-3.77). For white male physicians and dentists, the overall suicide rates were reduced (SRR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.53-1.20 and 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.89, respectively). For older white male physicians and dentists, however, observed suicide rates were elevated. Conclusions White female physicians have an elevated suicide rate. Only older white male physicians and dentists have elevated suicide rates, which partially explains the varied conclusions in the literature. C1 [Petersen, Martin R.; Burnett, Carol A.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Mail Stop R15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mrp1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0962-7480 J9 OCCUP MED-OXFORD JI Occup. Med.-Oxf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1093/occmed/kqm117 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 246DW UT WOS:000251988700006 PM 17965446 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Andersen, R Saaddine, JB Beckles, GLA Duenas, MR Lee, PP AF Zhang, Xinzhi Andersen, Ronald Saaddine, Jinan B. Beckles, Gloria L. A. Duenas, Michael R. Lee, Paul P. TI Measuring Access to Eye Care: A Public Health Perspective SO OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eye care; access; public health ID ANGELES LATINO EYE; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; VISION CARE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; PERCEIVED BARRIERS; BEHAVIORAL-MODEL; AMERICANS; PROJECT AB Purpose: To examine the different dimensions of access to eye care from a public health perspective. Methods: We substantively review the theoretical and empirical literature on access to eye care and summarize the major considerations in measuring access to eye care using a modified behavioral framework. Results: We found that progress has been made, but some gaps still remain in measuring access to eye care. Most studies have focused on individual characteristics and use of eye care services. Only a very few studies have touched on contextual characteristics, such as demographic make-up of the area in which the patient lives, and their impact on the use of eye care services. Few studies have explored the linkage between the use of eye care services and outcomes or between the use of such services and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: To address a variety of demands from patients, providers, and policy makers, it is necessary to account for potential access and realized access measures. We need to adopt new methods in assessing the relationship between contextual characteristics and use of eye care services. Moreover, we need to better understand patients' satisfaction and their relationship with utilization and health outcomes. C1 [Zhang, Xinzhi; Saaddine, Jinan B.; Beckles, Gloria L. A.; Duenas, Michael R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Andersen, Ronald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lee, Paul P.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM XZhang4@cdc.gov OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0928-6586 J9 OPHTHAL EPIDEMIOL JI Ophthalmic Epidemiol. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 418 EP 425 AR PII 906497321 DI 10.1080/09286580802399102 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 380ZQ UT WOS:000261505000009 PM 19065435 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL Schoendorf, KC Kiely, JL Gillman, MW AF Ogden, Cynthia L. Schoendorf, Kenneth C. Kiely, John L. Gillman, Matthew W. TI Fetal growth and childhood cholesterol levels in the United States SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fetal growth; childhood cholesterol; small-for-gestational age ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-LIPID CONCENTRATIONS; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BIRACIAL SAMPLE; CHILDREN BORN; DIETARY-FAT; RISK AB Research has linked fetal environment to subsequent adult disease. This study exam ines the extent to which infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA) were at risk for high cholesterol levels in early childhood (ages 4 - 6 years). Data were obtained from 1727 children aged 4-6 years who participated in the cross-sectional third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had both birth certificates and blood cholesterol information. The odds of having moderately elevated (170 - 199 mg/dL) or high (>= 200 mg/dL) serum total cholesterol after being born SGA were determined after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, education of household head, saturated fat intake, parental history of high cholesterol and overweight status. Approximately 11% of participants were SGA. Proportions of children with moderately elevated and high cholesterol levels were approximately 28 and 8%, respectively. SGA children were almost twice as likely (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval [0.8, 4.8]) to have high cholesterol vs. low cholesterol than non-SGA children, although the result was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression demonstrated a similar inverse, non-significant relationship between gestation-adjusted birthweight and cholesterol (beta= -2.3, P=0.33). These data indicate a possible association between reduced fetal growth, represented by birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and increased cholesterol levels in early childhood. C1 [Ogden, Cynthia L.; Schoendorf, Kenneth C.; Kiely, John L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Gillman, Matthew W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Gillman, Matthew W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4414, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cogden@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 6804] NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00895.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 263CF UT WOS:000253194500002 PM 18173778 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Caquias, CR Garcia, Y Malik, T Copeland, J Bi, D Reef, S AF Dayan, Gustavo H. Caquias, Carmen Rodriguez Garcia, Yanire Malik, Tasneem Copeland, John Bi, Daoling Reef, Susan TI Medical practices for prevention of perinatal infections in Puerto Rico SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prenatal infection screening; rubella; hepatitis B ID CONGENITAL-RUBELLA SYNDROME; OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; PRENATAL-CARE; MATERNAL RUBELLA; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; WOMEN; OPPORTUNITIES; PHYSICIANS; HOSPITALS AB Recommendations for screening for maternal infections and interventions to prevent disease in the fetus or newborn have been in place in Puerto Rico for more than 10 years. However, compliance with these recommendations has not been widely documented. We evaluated compliance with rubella/hepatitis B prenatal screening and vaccination recommendations, assessed hospital screening practices for syphilis and HIV, and determined risk factors for suboptimal prenatal care. Records of a random, stratified sample of 2003 pregnant women delivering in eight maternity hospitals in Puerto Rico in 2002 were reviewed. Obstetric prenatal and postnatal records were also reviewed when rubella/hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening was not available at the hospital, and to document rubella postpartum vaccination (PPV). Prenatal screening rates were 98.4% for rubella and 98.8% for HBsAg. Overall, 5.4% [95% CI 4.4, 6.5] of women were susceptible to rubella. No eligible women received rubella PPV at the hospital and only 1.5% had documented rubella vaccine prescription at the obstetric records. Only one woman was found to be HBsAg positive and her newborn was adequately treated. However, only 0.9% newborns born to mothers with unknown HBsAg status received hepatitis B vaccine. Screening was documented in 85.7% of the hospital records for HIV and 87.9% for syphilis. Suboptimal prenatal care was more likely among teenagers, low-educated women, and women with > 3 previous pregnancies. Screening rates for rubella and hepatitis B were high; however, implementation of recommendations for prevention of rubella and hepatitis B needs to be improved. C1 [Dayan, Gustavo H.; Bi, Daoling; Reef, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malik, Tasneem] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Copeland, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BioSense, Natl Ctr Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Caquias, Carmen Rodriguez; Garcia, Yanire] Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. EM gustavo.dayan@sanofipasteur.com FU PHS HHS [H23/CCH204470-12] NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00873.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 263CF UT WOS:000253194500005 PM 18173782 ER PT J AU Yagi, S Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Yagi, Shigeo Schuster, Frederick L. Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Demonstration of Balamuthia and Acanthamoeba mitochondrial DNA in sectioned archival brain and other tissues by the polymerase chain reaction SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; PCR; MANDRILLARIS; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a usually fatal disease caused by the free-living amoebae Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba spp. The intent of this study was to determine if the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be used retrospectively to detect amoeba mitochondrial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in confirmed archival tissue sections from GAE cases stored in our laboratories for 1 to 34 years. The DNA was extracted from deparaffinized sections, and appropriate primer sets for each of the two amoebae were used for DNA detection. Indirect immunofluorescent staining (IIF) of tissue sections was used as the standard for identification of amoebae against which the PCR results were compared. Sixty slides from a total of 56 cases were processed by PCR for amoeba 16S DNA. In 28 (47%) slides, there was agreement between the IIF and PCR results. In 41 of the slides (52%), no DNA was detected after PCR. In one slide (1%), the PCR and IIF results did not agree. While PCR supported IIF findings in about half of the slides, there are significant limitations in amoeba DNA identifications in formalin-fixed brain tissues. Degradation of amoeba DNA because of formalin fixation was probably a factor in limiting valid results. C1 Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Fred.Schuster@cdph.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915548-09] NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0749-7 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 237KR UT WOS:000251373100006 PM 17899196 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ AF Lollar, Donald J. TI Function, impairment, and long-term outcomes in children with ADHD and how to measure them SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CLASSIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,M S E 87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 28 EP + DI 10.3928/00904481-20080101-08 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 253RG UT WOS:000252534700006 PM 18240851 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. TI A review of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistance; MRSA; community ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; NASAL CARRIAGE; RISK-FACTORS; NECROTIZING PNEUMONIA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; CARE AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a cause of infection among otherwise healthy children and adults in the community. Skin and soft tissue infections are most common, but invasive manifestations also occur. A limited number of strains that may possess unique virulence or transmissibility factors have accounted for the majority of these infections. These strains emerged in the community but now are being transmitted in both community and healthcare settings. Incision and drainage remains the primary treatment for skin abscesses. Strains of MRSA circulating in the community generally are susceptible to a number of nonbeta-lactam antimicrobial agents, although resistance patterns may vary temporally and geographically. Educating patients on strategies to prevent further transmission is a critical component of case management. More data are needed to determine optimal strategies for management and prevention of MRSA skin infections in the community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Hlth Care Quality Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Hlth Care Quality Promot, MS A35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RGorwitz@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31815819bb PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 247KA UT WOS:000252076200001 PM 18162929 ER PT J AU Creek, T Tanuri, A Smith, M Seipone, K Smit, M Legwaila, K Motswere, C Maruping, M Nkoane, T Ntumy, R Bile, E Mine, M Lu, L Tebele, G Mazhani, L Davis, MK Roels, TH Kilmarx, PH Shaffer, N AF Creek, Tracy Tanuri, Amilcar Smith, Monica Seipone, Khumo Smit, Molly Legwaila, Keitumetse Motswere, Catherine Maruping, Maruping Nkoane, Tapologo Ntumy, Ralph Bile, Ebi Mine, Madisa Lu, Lydia Tebele, Goitebetswe Mazhani, Loeto Davis, Margarett K. Roels, Thierry H. Kilmarx, Peter H. Shaffer, Nathan TI Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus in infants using polymerase chain reaction on dried blood spots in Botswana's national program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; prevention of mother-to-child transmission; program effectiveness; HIV testing; infant HIV diagnosis; PCR; dried blood spot; vertical transmission; Botswana ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS; HIV TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; AFRICA; TRIAL; INFECTION; THAILAND; TYPE-1 AB Background: Botswana has high antenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence (33.4%). The public health system provides free services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and antiretroviral therapy, which can reduce vertical HIV transmission from 35% to <5%. Infant HIV diagnosis is challenging in resource-limited settings, and HIV prevalence among HIV-exposed infants in Botswana is unknown. Dried blood spot (DBS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a feasible method to assess PMTCT programs and identify HIV-infected children. Methods: We trained staff in 15 clinics and a hospital to obtain DBS on HIV-exposed infants age 6 weeks to 17 months receiving routine care. Samples were sent to the national HIV reference laboratory. Roche Amplicor 1.5 DNA PCR testing was performed. Results: Between June-December 2005, 1931 HIV-exposed infants age 6 weeks to 17 months were tested for HIV, of whom 136 (7.0%) were HIV infected. Among infants <= 8 weeks old, 27 of 544 (5.0%) were HIV infected. Among infants tested in clinics (primarily during routine health visits), 65 of 1376 (4.7%) were infected; among infants tested in the hospital, 71 of 555 (12.8%) were infected. Conclusions: Collection and testing of DBS was successfully integrated into routine infant care in the public health system. HIV prevalence among infants in the Botswana PMTCT program is low. National expansion of infant DBS PCR in Botswana is planned. C1 [Creek, Tracy; Tanuri, Amilcar; Lu, Lydia; Davis, Margarett K.; Roels, Thierry H.; Kilmarx, Peter H.; Shaffer, Nathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Prevent Mother Child Transmiss Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Monica; Seipone, Khumo; Smit, Molly; Legwaila, Keitumetse; Motswere, Catherine; Maruping, Maruping; Nkoane, Tapologo; Ntumy, Ralph; Bile, Ebi; Mine, Madisa; Tebele, Goitebetswe; Davis, Margarett K.; Roels, Thierry H.; Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. [Mine, Madisa; Mazhani, Loeto] Botswana Min Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Creek, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Prevent Mother Child Transmiss Team, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Tgc0@cdc.gov RI Imunologia, Inct/I-2124-2013; OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181469050 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 247KA UT WOS:000252076200005 PM 18162933 ER PT J AU Tatti, KM Slade, B Patel, M Messonnier, N Jackson, T Kirkland, KB Talbot, EA Tondella, ML AF Tatti, Kathleen M. Slade, Barbara Patel, Manisha Messonnier, Nancy Jackson, Tiffany Kirkland, Kathryn B. Talbot, Elizabeth A. Tondella, M. Lucia TI Real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of Bordetella pertussis DNA in acellular pertussis vaccines SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE B. pertussis; vaccines; real-time PCR; environmental contamination; Tdap ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVENTING TETANUS; RECOMMENDATIONS; DIPHTHERIA; DIAGNOSIS; PCR AB Using 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for Bordetella pertussis, 2 of 5 acellular pertussis vaccines were found to contain B. pertussis DNA. Because residual DNA in vaccines can cause environmental contamination, the administration of acellular pertussis vaccines to patients should be physically separated from the collection of patients' specimens for testing of B. pertussis DNA by real-time PCR. C1 [Tatti, Kathleen M.; Slade, Barbara; Patel, Manisha; Messonnier, Nancy; Jackson, Tiffany; Tondella, M. Lucia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kirkland, Kathryn B.; Talbot, Elizabeth A.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Tatti, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ket2@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31814689a4 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 247KA UT WOS:000252076200017 PM 18162945 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Griffin, MR Edwards, KM Weinberg, GA Szilagyi, PG Staat, MA Iwane, MK Zhu, YW Hall, CB Fairbrother, G Seither, R Erdman, D Lu, PJ Poehling, KA AF Miller, E. Kathryn Griffin, Marie R. Edwards, Kathryn M. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Szilagyi, Peter G. Staat, Mary A. Iwane, Marika K. Zhu, Yuwei Hall, Caroline B. Fairbrother, Gerry Seither, Ranee Erdman, Dean Lu, Pengjun Poehling, Katherine A. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Influenza burden for children with asthma SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; asthma; epidemiology; disease burden; children; inpatient; outpatient ID CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PARENTAL PERSPECTIVES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; AGED 6; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the influenza disease burden among children with asthma and among healthy children by using active, laboratory-confirmed, population-based surveillance. METHODS. Children 6 to 59 months of age residing in 3 US counties who were hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses or fever were enrolled prospectively from 2000 through 2004. Similar children who presented to clinics and emergency departments during 2 of the influenza seasons (2002-2004) were enrolled. Rates of influenza-attributable outpatient visits and hospitalizations for children with asthma and for healthy children were estimated. History of asthma and receipt of influenza vaccine for the study children were determined through parental report. The prevalence of asthma in the surveillance population was assumed to be 6.2% for children 6 to 23 months of age and 12.3% for children 24 to 59 months of age. RESULTS. Of 81 children 6 to 59 months of age with influenza-confirmed hospitalizations in 2000 to 2004, 19 (23%) had asthma. Average annual influenza-attributable hospitalization rates were significantly higher among children with asthma than among healthy children 6 to 23 months of age (2.8 vs 0.6 cases per 1000 children) but not children 24 to 59 months of age (0.6 vs 0.2 case per 1000 children). Of 249 children 6 to 59 months of age with influenza-confirmed outpatient visits in 2002 to 2004, 38 (15%) had asthma. Estimated outpatient influenza-attributable visit rates were higher among children with asthma than among healthy children 6 to 23 months of age (316 vs 152 cases per 1000 children) and 24 to 59 months of age (188 vs 102 cases per 1000 children) in 2003 to 2004. Few parents reported that their children had been vaccinated, including <30% of children with asthma. CONCLUSION. Influenza-attributable health care utilization is high among children with asthma and is generally higher than among healthy children. C1 [Miller, E. Kathryn; Edwards, Kathryn M.; Poehling, Katherine A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffin, Marie R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Zhu, Yuwei] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. [Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Szilagyi, Peter G.; Hall, Caroline B.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Staat, Mary A.; Fairbrother, Gerry] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Iwane, Marika K.; Seither, Ranee; Erdman, Dean; Lu, Pengjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Poehling, KA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM kpoehlin@wfubmc.edu FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS 13833-02]; NCIRD CDC HHS [1 U01/IP000022]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI065805]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU522352, U38/CCU417958, U38/CCU217969, HHSN272200800007C] NR 37 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1053 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 247RC UT WOS:000252096300001 PM 18166550 ER PT J AU Simon, AE Chan, KS Forrest, CB AF Simon, Alan E. Chan, Kitty S. Forrest, Christopher B. TI Assessment of children's health-related quality of life in the United States with a multidimensional index SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE quality of life; child health; National Survey of Children's Health ID SELF-REPORT; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; SHORT-FORM; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; PARENT; AGE AB OBJECTIVE. Using nationally representative data, we examined biological, medical system, and sociodemographic factors that are associated with health-related quality of life as measured by a multidimensional index that accounts for a wide range of child health domains. METHODS. Children aged >= 6 years (N = 69 031) were drawn from the 2003/2004 National Survey of Children's Health. A random 25% sample was used to create a 12-item index of health-related quality of life with a range of 0 to 100, based on the conceptual framework of the Child Health and Illness Profile. Bivariate and multi-variable regression analyses were conducted to identify the unadjusted and independent associations of key biological, medical system, and sociodemographic variables with health-related quality of life. RESULTS. The index mean was 72.3 (SD: 14.5), median value was 73.7, and range was 11.1 to 99.9. Only 0.2% of children had a score at the ceiling. In multivariable regression analysis, the following variables were independently associated with lower health-related quality of life: biological factors (greater disease burden, severe asthma, and overweight status); medical system factors (unmet medical needs, lack of a regular health care provider, Medicaid insurance, or being uninsured previously during the year); and sociodemographic factors (older age groups, lower family education, single-mother family, having a smoker in the household, black race, and poverty). CONCLUSIONS. Health-related quality of life in the United States is poorest for children and youth in lower socioeconomic status groups, those with access barriers, adolescents compared with children, and individuals with medical conditions. A multidimensional health-related quality-of-life index is an alternative to conventional measures (eg, mortality) for national monitoring of child health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Chan, Kitty S.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Forrest, Christopher B.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Inst Transform & Adv Childrens Healthcare, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Simon, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP E118 EP E126 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0480 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 247RC UT WOS:000252096300053 PM 18056290 ER PT J AU Broder, KR Cohn, AC Schwartz, B Klein, JD Fisher, MM Fishbein, DB Mijalski, C Burstein, GR Vernon-Smiley, ME McCauley, MM Wibbelsman, CJ AF Broder, Karen R. Cohn, Amanda C. Schwartz, Benjamin Klein, Jonathan D. Fisher, Martin M. Fishbein, Daniel B. Mijalski, Christina Burstein, Gale R. Vernon-Smiley, Mary E. McCauley, Mary M. Wibbelsman, Charles J. CA Working Grp Adolescent Prevention TI Adolescent immunizations and other clinical preventive services: A needle and a hook? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent; immunization; clinical preventive service ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; CANCER-SOCIETY GUIDELINES; RISKY HEALTH BEHAVIORS; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; WELL-CHILD CARE; UNITED-STATES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PRACTICES ACIP; ALCOHOL-USE AB Advances in technology have led to development of new vaccines for adolescents, but these vaccines will be added to a crowded schedule of recommended adolescent clinical preventive services. We reviewed adolescent clinical preventive health care guidelines and patterns of adolescent clinical preventive service delivery and assessed how new adolescent vaccines might affect health care visits and the delivery of other clinical preventive services. Our analysis suggests that new adolescent immunization recommendations are likely to improve adolescent health, both as a "needle" and a "hook." As a needle, the immunization will enhance an adolescent's health by preventing vaccine-preventable diseases during adolescence and adulthood. It also will likely be a hook to bring adolescents (and their parents) into the clinic for adolescent health care visits, during which other clinical preventive services can be provided. We also speculate that new adolescent immunization recommendations might increase the proportion and quality of other clinical preventive services delivered during health care visits. The factor most likely to diminish the positive influence of immunizations on delivery of other clinical preventive services is the additional visit time required for vaccine counseling and administration. Immunizations may "crowd out" delivery of other clinical preventive services during visits or reduce the quality of the clinical preventive service delivery. Complementary strategies to mitigate these effects might include prioritizing clinical preventive services with a strong evidence base for effectiveness, spreading clinical preventive services out over several visits, and withholding selected clinical preventive services during a visit if the prevention activity is effectively covered at the community level. Studies are needed to evaluate the effect of new immunizations on adolescent preventive health care visits, delivery of clinical preventive services, and health outcomes. C1 [Broder, Karen R.; Cohn, Amanda C.; Fishbein, Daniel B.; Mijalski, Christina; McCauley, Mary M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Off, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Broder, Karen R.; Cohn, Amanda C.; Schwartz, Benjamin; Fishbein, Daniel B.] Commissioned Corps, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwartz, Benjamin] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klein, Jonathan D.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Klein, Jonathan D.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fisher, Martin M.] Schneider Childrens Hosp N Shore Long Isl Jewish, Div Adolescent Med, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. [Burstein, Gale R.] Erie Cty Dept Hlth, Buffalo, NY USA. [Vernon-Smiley, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wibbelsman, Charles J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Wibbelsman, Charles J.] Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Adolescence, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Broder, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Off, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbroder@cdc.gov NR 97 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S25 EP S34 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115D PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900004 PM 18174318 ER PT J AU English, A Shaw, FE McCauley, MM Fishbein, DB AF English, Abigail Shaw, Frederic E. McCauley, Mary M. Fishbein, Daniel B. CA Working Grp Legislation TI Legal basis of consent for health care and vaccination for adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE consent laws; minors; adolescents; vaccination ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION AB State law is generally the controlling authority for whether parental consent is required or minors may consent for their own health care, including vaccination. At the federal level, no vaccination consent law exists; however, federal law requires that vaccine information statements be given to the parent or another person who is qualified under state law to consent to vaccination of a minor. All states allow minors to consent for their own health care in some circumstances on the basis of either (1) their status (eg, age, emancipation, marriage) or (2) the kind of health care services they are seeking (eg, family planning services, treatment of sexually transmitted disease). In each state, a specific analysis of laws will be required to determine the circumstances under which a minor can consent for vaccination. C1 [McCauley, Mary M.; Fishbein, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [English, Abigail] Ctr Adolescent Hlth & Law, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Shaw, Frederic E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCauley, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmccauley@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S85 EP S87 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115J PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900010 PM 18174325 ER PT J AU Fishbein, DB Broder, KR Markowitz, L Messonnier, N AF Fishbein, Daniel B. Broder, Karen R. Markowitz, Lauri Messonnier, Nancy TI New, and some not-so-new, vaccines for adolescents and diseases they prevent SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent vaccination; new vaccines ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; PARTICLE VACCINE; HEPATITIS-B; VARICELLA VACCINATION; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Adolescents in the United States now have the opportunity to receive new vaccines that prevent invasive meningococcal infections, pertussis (whooping cough), and cervical cancer. Except for their potential to cause serious illness, these infections could not be more different. Their incidence ranges from extremely low to quite high. Early clinical manifestations of infection range from none to life-threatening illness. Two of the vaccines are similar to those already in use, whereas 1 is completely new. In conjunction with the 4 vaccines previously recommended for adolescents (the tetanus and diphtheria booster, hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella, and varicella), the 3 new vaccines (meningococcal, human papillomavirus, and the tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis booster [which replaced the tetanus-diphtheria booster]) bring the number recommended for adolescents to 6. In this article, we describe key characteristics of the 3 new vaccines and infections they were designed to prevent. We also briefly discuss other vaccines recommended for all adolescents who have not already received them and new vaccines that are still under development. C1 [Fishbein, Daniel B.; Broder, Karen R.; Messonnier, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Markowitz, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fishbein, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dfishbein@cdc.gov NR 97 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S5 EP S14 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115B PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900002 PM 18174321 ER PT J AU Horlick, G Shaw, FE Gorji, M Fishbein, DB AF Horlick, Gail Shaw, Frederic E. Gorji, Margaret Fishbein, Daniel B. CA Working Grp Legislation TI Delivering new vaccines to adolescents: The role of school-entry laws SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE school-entry vaccination laws ID IMMUNIZATION LAWS; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION COVERAGE; UNITED-STATES; EXEMPTIONS; CHILDREN; MEASLES; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; IMPACT AB In the United States, state-based school-entry vaccination laws have been used effectively to rapidly increase vaccination rates among adolescents, in particular, for hepatitis B vaccine. New vaccines for adolescents raise the question of whether and under what circumstances school-entry laws may be used to increase coverage rates with these vaccines. The new vaccines differ somewhat from their predecessors and raise policy and legal issues. For example, some of the new vaccines prevent diseases for which the primary mode of transmission is sexual contact. Mandating these vaccines before school entry has been met with concern by those who believe that mandates for this type of vaccine not only intrude on parental decision-making rights but might also lead to sexual promiscuity among youth. In this article we explore (1) the possible utility of school-entry requirements to increase the delivery of the new vaccines for adolescents, including the legal basis for US school-entry laws, (2) arguments in favor and concerns about the adoption of laws for adolescent vaccination, and (3) the importance of including diverse stakeholders in the deliberative process and formulating and implementing laws in a way that maximizes their acceptance and effectiveness. C1 [Horlick, Gail; Fishbein, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci Regulatory Serv, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shaw, Frederic E.; Gorji, Margaret] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horlick, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci Regulatory Serv, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D 74, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gyh6@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S79 EP S84 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115I PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900009 PM 18174324 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Boyer-Chu, L Fishbein, DB Kolasa, M Middleman, AB Wilson, T Wolicki, J Wooley, S AF Lindley, Megan C. Boyer-Chu, Lynda Fishbein, Daniel B. Kolasa, Maureen Middleman, Amy B. Wilson, Thad Wolicki, JoEllen Wooley, Susan CA Working Grp Role Sch Delivery TI The role of schools in strengthening delivery of new adolescent vaccinations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent; immunization; schools; school health services; school nursing; adolescent medicine; delivery of health care ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; HEALTH POLICIES; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; LAW; PREDICTORS; SERVICES; COVERAGE; CENTERS; RATES AB Schools offer an opportunity to deliver new vaccines to adolescents who may not receive them in their medical home. However, school budgets and health priorities are set at the local level; consequently resources devoted to health-related activities vary widely. Partnering with schools requires soliciting buy-in from stakeholders at district and school levels and providing added value to schools. With appropriate resources and partnerships, schools could carry out vaccination-related activities from educating students, parents, and communities to developing policies supporting vaccination, providing vaccines, or serving as the site at which partners administer vaccines. Activities will vary among schools, but every school has the potential to use some strategies that promote adolescent vaccination. C1 [Lindley, Megan C.; Fishbein, Daniel B.; Kolasa, Maureen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boyer-Chu, Lynda] San Francisco Unified Sch Dist, San Francisco, CA USA. [Middleman, Amy B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Adolescent Med & Sports Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wilson, Thad] Univ Missouri, Sch Nursing, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Wolicki, JoEllen] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Wooley, Susan] Amer Sch Hlth Assoc, Kent, OH USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlindley@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S46 EP S54 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115F PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900006 PM 18174320 ER PT J AU McCauley, MM Fishbein, DB Santoli, JM AF McCauley, Mary M. Fishbein, Daniel B. Santoli, Jeanne M. TI Introduction: Strengthening the delivery of new vaccines for adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; RECOMMENDATIONS C1 [McCauley, Mary M.; Fishbein, Daniel B.; Santoli, Jeanne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McCauley, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmccauley@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S1 EP S4 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115A PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900001 PM 18213746 ER PT J AU Ortega-Sanchez, IR Lee, GM Jacobs, RJ Prosser, LA Molinari, NA Zhang, XZ Baine, WB McCauley, MM Miller, T AF Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Lee, Grace M. Jacobs, R. Jake Prosser, Lisa A. Molinari, Noelle-Angelique Zhang, Xinzhi Baine, William B. McCauley, Mary M. Miller, Ted CA Working Grp Leading Economic TI Projected cost-effectiveness of new vaccines for adolescents in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness; adolescents; vaccines ID ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; HEPATITIS-A VACCINATION; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CONJUGATE VACCINATION; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; STATISTICAL LIFE AB BACKGROUND. Economic assessments that guide policy making on immunizations are becoming increasingly important in light of new and anticipated vaccines for adolescents. However, important considerations that limit the utility of these assessments, such as the diversity of approaches used, are often overlooked and should be better understood. OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to examine economic studies of adolescent vaccines and compare cost-effectiveness outcomes among studies on a particular vaccine, across adolescent vaccines, and between new adolescent vaccines versus vaccines that are recommended for young children. METHODS. A systematic review of economic studies on immunizations for adolescents was conducted. Studies were identified by searching the Medline, Embase, and EconLit databases. Each study was reviewed for appropriateness of model design, baseline setup, sensitivity analyses, and input variables (ie, epidemiologic, clinical, cost, and quality-of-life impact). For comparison, the cost-effectiveness outcomes reported in key studies on vaccines for younger children were selected. RESULTS. Vaccines for healthy adolescents were consistently found to be more costly than the health care or societal cost savings they produced and, in general, were less cost-effective than vaccines for younger children. Among the new vaccines, pertussis and human papillomavirus vaccines were more cost-effective than meningococcal vaccines. Including herd-immunity benefits in studies significantly improved the cost-effectiveness estimates for new vaccines. Differences in measurements or assumptions limited further comparisons. CONCLUSION. Although using the new adolescent vaccines is unlikely to be cost-saving, vaccination programs will result in sizable health benefits. C1 [Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.; Molinari, Noelle-Angelique; McCauley, Mary M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lee, Grace M.; Prosser, Lisa A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Lee, Grace M.] Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jacobs, R. Jake] Capitol Outcomes Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Zhang, Xinzhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baine, William B.] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Evidence, Rockville, MD USA. [Miller, Ted] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA. RP Ortega-Sanchez, IR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iortegasanchez@cdc.gov OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S63 EP S78 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115H PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900008 PM 18174323 ER PT J AU Schaffer, SJ Fontanesi, J Rickert, D Grabenstein, JD Rothholz, MC Wang, SA Fishbein, D AF Schaffer, Stanley J. Fontanesi, John Rickert, Donna Grabenstein, John D. Rothholz, Mitchel C. Wang, Susan A. Fishbein, Daniel CA Working Grp Complementary Settings TI How effectively can health care settings beyond the traditional medical home provide vaccines to adolescents? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent vaccination; settings ID PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ADULT PRESCRIPTION RECIPIENTS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTABLE DISEASES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE AB OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to evaluate the capacity of various health care settings to supplement the activities of the traditional medical home by delivering vaccines to adolescents. METHODS. A group of experts in the fields of adolescent-immunization delivery and the provision of preventive care in various health care settings summarized the available literature, considered setting-specific factors, and assessed the ability of various health care settings beyond the traditional medical home to conform to the immunization quality standards set by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, report vaccination information for the quantitative assessment of vaccine-coverage rates, be likely to offer vaccines to adolescents, and be viewed by adolescents as acceptable sites for receiving vaccinations. RESULTS. Seven candidate settings were evaluated: pharmacies, obstetrics-gynecology practices, sexually transmitted disease clinics, hospital emergency departments, family planning clinics, teen clinics, and local public health department immunization clinics. The panel concluded that all could safely provide vaccinations to adolescents but that vaccination efforts at some of the settings could potentially have a markedly greater impact on overall adolescent-immunization rates than could those at other settings. In addition, for adolescent-vaccination services to be practical, candidate settings need to have a clear interest in providing them. Conditional on that, several issues need to be addressed: (1) funding; (2) orienting facilities to provide preventive care services; (3) enhancing access to immunization registries; and (4) clarifying issues related to immunization consent. CONCLUSIONS. With supporting health policy, health education, and communication, health care settings beyond the traditional medical home have the potential to effectively augment the vaccination efforts of more traditional settings to deliver vaccines to adolescents. These health care settings may be particularly well suited to reach adolescents who lack access to traditional sources of preventive medical care or receive fragmented medical care. C1 [Schaffer, Stanley J.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Div Gen Pediat,Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fontanesi, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Ctr Management Sci Hlth, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Rickert, Donna; Fishbein, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grabenstein, John D.] Mil Vaccine Agcy, US Army Command, Falls Church, VA USA. [Rothholz, Mitchel C.] Amer Pharmacists Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Susan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schaffer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Div Gen Pediat,Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM stanley_schaffer@urmc.rochester.edu OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 NR 71 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S35 EP S45 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115E PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900005 PM 18174319 ER PT J AU Sneller, VP Fishbein, DB Weinbaum, CM Lombard, A Murray, P McLaurin, JA Friedman, L AF Sneller, Vishnu-Priya Fishbein, Daniel B. Weinbaum, Cindy M. Lombard, Andrea Murray, Paula McLaurin, Jennie A. Friedman, Lawrence CA Working Grp Vaccination High-Risk TI Vaccinating adolescents in high-risk settings: Lessons learned from experiences with hepatitis B vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; adolescents; high risk ID HEALTH-CARE; POSITION PAPER; RUNAWAY YOUTH; UNITED-STATES; HOMELESS; IMMUNIZATION; COVERAGE; REQUIREMENTS; FACILITIES; MEDICINE AB Meeting the health needs of adolescents who live in high-risk settings such as homeless shelters, migrant camps, juvenile detention centers, prisons, and other types of residential facilities presents many challenges. Although there is no doubt that adolescents in many high-risk settings are at increased risk for hepatitis B and human papillomavirus, acute medical and psychological problems may consume all of the provider's time and resources. Potential health threats such as vaccine-preventable diseases must necessarily be given lower priority. Lack of vaccination expertise, supplies, and access to records further complicate delivery of vaccines. Since the 1990s, a number of approaches have been used to deliver hepatitis B vaccine to adolescents in many high-risk settings. Close collaboration among state and federal programs, local health departments, and community-based organizations has been necessary to introduce and sustain the delivery of vaccines to these young people. Medicaid, Statute 317 of the Public Health Service Act, the Vaccines for Children program, and State Children's Health Insurance Program have been used to finance vaccinations for adolescents 18 years or younger, and the expanded Medicaid option in the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 has been used for adolescents older than 18 years of age. A number of states allow adolescents under age 18 to consent to their own hepatitis B vaccination under laws passed to allow treatment of sexually transmitted infections without parental consent. In this article, we present the experiences of several model programs that developed successful hepatitis B vaccination programs in venues that serve adolescents at risk, the important role of state laws and state agencies in funding immunization and other preventive health services for adolescents in high-risk situations, and discuss barriers and means to resolve them. C1 [Sneller, Vishnu-Priya; Fishbein, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weinbaum, Cindy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lombard, Andrea] State Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Murray, Paula] San Diego Cty Hlth Dept, San Diego, CA USA. [McLaurin, Jennie A.] Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, TX USA. [Friedman, Lawrence] Univ Miami, Div Adolescent Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Fishbein, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbf1@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S55 EP S62 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115G PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900007 PM 18174322 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Rand, CM McLaurin, J Tan, L Britto, M Francis, A Dunne, E Rickert, D AF Szilagyi, Peter G. Rand, Cynthia M. McLaurin, Jennie Tan, Litjen Britto, Maria Francis, Anne Dunne, Eileen Rickert, Donna CA Working Grp Adolescent Vaccination TI Delivering adolescent vaccinations in the medical home: A new era? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE medical home; vaccinations; preventive care ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; OF-THE-LITERATURE; HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; NATIONAL-SURVEY AB BACKGROUND. Medical homes are health care settings that offer continuous, comprehensive, accessible primary care; these settings generally involve pediatric and family physician practices or community health centers but can also involve gynecologists or internists. OBJECTIVES. In this article, we review available evidence on the role of the medical home in optimizing adolescent immunization delivery, particularly with respect to health care utilization patterns and barriers to vaccinations in medical homes, and solutions. METHODS. We conducted a systematic review of the existing immunization and adolescent literature and used a Delphi process to solicit opinions from content experts across the United States. RESULTS. Most adolescents across the United States do have a medical home, and many pay a health care visit to their medical home within any given year. Barriers exist in regards to the receipt of adolescent immunizations, and they are related to the adolescent/family, health care provider, and health care system. Although few studies have evaluated adolescent vaccination delivery, many strategies recommended for childhood or adult vaccinations should be effective for adolescent vaccination delivery as well. These strategies include education of health care providers and adolescents/parents; having appropriate health insurance coverage; tracking and reminder/recall of adolescents who need vaccination; practice-level interventions to ensure that needed vaccinations are provided to eligible adolescents at the time of any health care visit; practice-level audits to measure vaccination coverage; and linkages across health care sites to exchange information about needed vaccinations. Medical homes should perform a quality improvement project to improve their delivery of adolescent vaccinations. Because many adolescents use a variety of health care sites, it is critical to effectively transfer vaccination information across health care settings to identify adolescents who are eligible for vaccinations and to encourage receipt of comprehensive preventive. CONCLUSIONS. Medical homes are integral to both the delivery of adolescent immunizations and comprehensive adolescent preventive health care. Many strategies recommended for childhood and adult vaccinations should work for adolescent vaccinations and should be evaluated and implemented if they are successful. By incorporating evidence-based strategies and coordinating effectively with other health care sites used by adolescents, medical homes will be the pivotal settings for the delivery of adolescent vaccinations. C1 [Szilagyi, Peter G.; Rand, Cynthia M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [McLaurin, Jennie] Migrant Clin Network, Austin, TX USA. [Tan, Litjen] Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Britto, Maria] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dunne, Eileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Francis, Anne] Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. [Rickert, Donna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM peter_szilagyi@urmc.rochester.edu OI Tan, Litjen/0000-0001-9054-6696 NR 80 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S15 EP S24 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1115C PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271IK UT WOS:000253781900003 PM 18174317 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA O'Brien, MA Molinari, NAM Hohman, KH Nichol, KL Messonnier, ML Lieu, TA AF Prosser, Lisa A. O'Brien, Megan A. Molinari, Noelle-Angelique M. Hohman, Katherine H. Nichol, Kristin L. Messonnier, Mark L. Lieu, Tracy A. TI Non-traditional settings for influenza vaccination of adults - Costs and cost effectiveness SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY WORKING ADULTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS VACCINES; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; EFFICACY; DISEASE; IMPACT; LIVE AB Objective: Influenza vaccination rates remain far below national goals in the US. Expanding influenza vaccination in non-traditional settings such as worksites and pharmacies may be a way to enhance vaccination coverage for adults, but scant data exist on the cost effectiveness of this strategy. The aims of this study were to (i) describe the costs of vaccination in non-traditional settings such as pharmacies and mass vaccination clinics; and (ii) evaluate the projected health benefits, costs and cost effectiveness of delivering influenza vaccination to adults of varying ages and risk groups in non-traditional settings compared with scheduled doctor's office visits. All analyses are from the US societal perspective. Methods: We evaluated the costs of influenza vaccination in non-traditional settings via detailed telephone interviews with representatives of organizations that conduct mass vaccination clinics and pharmacies that use pharmacists to deliver vaccinations. Next, we constructed a decision tree to compare the projected health benefits and costs of influenza vaccination delivered via non-traditional settings or during scheduled doctor's office visits with no vaccination. The target population was stratified by age (18-49, 50-64 and >= 65 years) and risk status (high or low risk for influenza-related complications). Probabilities and costs (direct and opportunity) for uncomplicated influenza illness, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, deaths, vaccination and vaccine adverse events were derived from primary data and from published and unpublished sources. Results: The mean cost (year 2004 values) of vaccination was lower in mass vaccination ($US17.04) and pharmacy ($US11.57) settings than in scheduled doctor's office visits ($US28.67). Vaccination in non-traditional settings was projected to be cost saving for healthy adults aged >= 50 years, and for high-risk adults of all ages. For healthy adults aged 18-49 years, preventing an episode of influenza would cost $US90 if vaccination were delivered via the pharmacy setting, $US210 via the mass vaccination setting and $US870 via a scheduled doctor's office visit. Results were sensitive to assumptions on the incidence of influenza illness, the costs of vaccination (including recipient time costs) and vaccine effectiveness. Conclusion: Using non-traditional settings to deliver routine influenza vaccination to adults is likely to be cost saving for healthy adults aged 50-64 years and relatively cost effective for healthy adults aged 18-49 years when preferences for averted morbidity are included. C1 [Prosser, Lisa A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Prosser, Lisa A.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Molinari, Noelle-Angelique M.; Messonnier, Mark L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nichol, Kristin L.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Nichol, Kristin L.] VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Lieu, Tracy A.] Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Prosser, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lprosser@post.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 9 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 PG 16 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 265NM UT WOS:000253366300006 PM 18198935 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Ortega-Sanchez, I Ray, GT Rusinak, D Yih, WK Choo, PW Shui, I Kleinman, K Harpaz, R Prosser, LA AF Lieu, Tracy A. Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael Ray, G. Thomas Rusinak, Donna Yih, W. Katherine Choo, Peter W. Shui, Irene Kleinman, Ken Harpaz, Rafael Prosser, Lisa A. TI Community and patient values for preventing herpes zoster SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; OLDER-ADULTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PROCESS UTILITY; VACCINE; PAIN AB Objectives: The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recently recommended a new vaccine against herpes zoster (shingles) for routine use in adults aged >= 60 years. However, estimates of the cost effectiveness of this vaccine vary widely, in part because of gaps in the data on the value of preventing herpes zoster. Our aims were to (i) generate comprehensive information on the value of preventing a range of outcomes of herpes zoster; (ii) compare these values among community members and patients with shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN); and (iii) identify clinical and demographic characteristics that explain the variation in these values. Methods: Community members drawn from a nationally representative survey research panel (n = 527) completed an Internet-based survey using time trade-off and willingness-to-pay questions to value a series of scenarios that described cases of herpes zoster with varying pain intensities (on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents the worst imaginable pain) and duration (30 days to 1 year). Patients with shingles (n = 382) or PEN (n = 137) [defined as having symptoms for >= 90 days] from two large healthcare systems completed telephone interviews with similar questions to the Internet-based survey and also answered questions about their current experience with herpes zoster. We constructed generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, the length and intensity of the health states and time trade-off and willingness-to-pay values. Results: In time trade-off questions, community members offered a mean of 89 (95% CI 24, 182) discounted days to avoid the least severe scenario (pain level of 3 for 1 month) and a mean of 162 (95% CI 88, 259) discounted days to avoid the most severe scenario (pain level of 8 for 12 months). Compared with patients with shingles, community members traded more days to avoid low-severity scenarios but similar numbers of days to avoid high-severity scenarios. Compared with patients with PHN, community members traded fewer days to avoid high-severity scenarios. In multivariate analyses, older age was the only characteristic significantly associated with higher time trade-off values. In willingness-to-pay questions, community members offered a mean of $US450 (95% CI 203, 893) to avoid pain of level 3 for I month and a mean of $US1384 (95% CI 873, 2050) [year 2005 values] to avoid pain of level 8 for 12 months. Community members traded less money than patients with either shingles or PHN to avoid both low- and high-severity scenarios (p-values <0.05 to <0.001). In multivariate models, male gender, higher income and having experienced shingles or PHN were associated with higher willingness to pay to avoid herpes zoster. When patients were asked to assign a value to avoiding their own case of herpes zoster, those with shingles assigned a mean of 67 days or $US2319, while those with PHN assigned a mean of 206 days or $US18 184. Both the time and monetary value traded were associated with the maximum intensity of the pain the individual had experienced, but neither was associated with the duration of the pain. Conclusions: We believe that this study provides the most comprehensive information to date on the value individuals place on preventing herpes zoster, and it includes the only such valuation from nationally representative community members as well as patients with herpes zoster. Community members would trade substantial amounts of time or money to avoid herpes zoster, even in the least severe scenarios. The time trade-off results in this study may differ from those in other studies because of important differences in methods of assessing health utilities. Consideration of both community and patient perspectives is crucial to help decision makers fully determine the implications of their policies now that a vaccine against herpes zoster is available. C1 [Lieu, Tracy A.; Rusinak, Donna; Yih, W. Katherine; Shui, Irene; Kleinman, Ken; Prosser, Lisa A.] Harvard Piligrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lieu, Tracy A.; Rusinak, Donna; Yih, W. Katherine; Shui, Irene; Kleinman, Ken; Prosser, Lisa A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael; Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ray, G. Thomas] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Choo, Peter W.] Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Piligrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tracy_lieu@harvardpilgrim.org NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 235 EP 249 PG 15 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 276ZX UT WOS:000254183300006 PM 18282017 ER PT J AU Stenseth, NC Atshabar, BB Begon, M Belmain, SR Bertherat, E Carniel, E Gage, KL Leirs, H Rahalison, L AF Stenseth, Nils Chr. Atshabar, Bakyt B. Begon, Mike Belmain, Steven R. Bertherat, Eric Carniel, Elisabeth Gage, Kenneth L. Leirs, Herwig Rahalison, Lila TI Plague: Past, present, and future SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; TRANSFERABLE PLASMID; RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; OUTBREAKS; KAZAKSTAN C1 [Stenseth, Nils Chr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. [Atshabar, Bakyt B.] Kazakh Sci Ctr Quarantine & Zoonot Dis, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Begon, Mike] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Belmain, Steven R.] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Greenwich, Kent, England. [Bertherat, Eric] WHO, Dept Epidem & Pandem Alert & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Carniel, Elisabeth] Inst Pasteur, Yersinia Res Unit, Paris, France. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Flea Borne Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Leirs, Herwig] Univ Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Leirs, Herwig] Univ Aarhus, Danish Pest Infestat Lab, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Integrated Pest Management, Kongens Kyngby, Denmark. [Rahalison, Lila] Inst Pasteur Madagascar, Lab Cent Peste, Antananarivo, Madagascar. RP Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. EM n.c.stenseth@bio.uio.no RI Leirs, Herwig/B-8197-2008; Belmain, Steven/F-7758-2012; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Leirs, Herwig/0000-0002-7612-5024; Belmain, Steven/0000-0002-5590-7545; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 NR 64 TC 173 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 AR e3 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050003 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 287PJ UT WOS:000254928700004 PM 18198939 ER PT J AU Harper, KN Ocampo, PS Steiner, BM George, RW Silverman, MS Bolotin, S Pillay, A Saunders, NJ Armelagos, GJ AF Harper, Kristin N. Ocampo, Paolo S. Steiner, Bret M. George, Robert W. Silverman, Michael S. Bolotin, Shelly Pillay, Allan Saunders, Nigel J. Armelagos, George J. TI On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; ENDEMIC SYPHILIS; PALLIDUM STRAINS; YAWS; GENE; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; TPRI; PINTA AB Background: Since the first recorded epidemic of syphilis in 1495, controversy has surrounded the origins of the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and its relationship to the pathogens responsible for the other treponemal diseases: yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta. Some researchers have argued that the syphilis-causing bacterium, or its progenitor, was brought from the New World to Europe by Christopher Columbus and his men, while others maintain that the treponematoses, including syphilis, have a much longer history on the European continent. Methodology/Principal Findings: We applied phylogenetics to this problem, using data from 21 genetic regions examined in 26 geographically disparate strains of pathogenic Treponema. Of all the strains examined, the venereal syphilis-causing strains originated most recently and were more closely related to yaws-causing strains from South America than to other non-venereal strains. Old World yaws-causing strains occupied a basal position on the tree, indicating that they arose first in human history, and a simian strain of T. pallidum was found to be indistinguishable from them. Conclusions/Significance: Our results lend support to the Columbian theory of syphilis's origin while suggesting that the non-sexually transmitted subspecies arose earlier in the Old World. This study represents the first attempt to address the problem of the origin of syphilis using molecular genetics, as well as the first source of information regarding the genetic make-up of non-venereal strains from the Western hemisphere. C1 [Harper, Kristin N.] Emory Univ, Dept Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ocampo, Paolo S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Steiner, Bret M.; George, Robert W.; Pillay, Allan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. [Silverman, Michael S.] Univ Toronto, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bolotin, Shelly] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Saunders, Nigel J.] Univ Oxford, Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford OX1 3RE, England. [Armelagos, George J.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Harper, KN (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM knharpe@emory.edu RI Harper, Kristin/H-3848-2012; Silverman, Michael/J-3776-2014; OI Silverman, Michael/0000-0002-0389-7656; Saunders, Nigel/0000-0002-0160-4573 FU National Science Foundation [0622399]; Wenner-Gren Foundation FX This work was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and dissertation improvement grants from the National Science Foundation (Award Number 0622399) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation to K.N.H. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 AR e148 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000148 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385HX UT WOS:000261806400011 PM 18235852 ER PT J AU Nahm, MH Romero-Steiner, S AF Nahm, Moon H. Romero-Steiner, Sandra BE Siber, GR Klugman, KP Makela, PH TI Functional Assays for Pneumococcal Antibody SO PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES: THE IMPACT OF CONJUGATE VACCINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC KILLING ASSAY; PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY C1 [Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Romero-Steiner, Sandra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nahm, MH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 845 19th St S,BBRB 614, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-582-0 PY 2008 BP 213 EP 226 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BOY53 UT WOS:000278065300016 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Moore, MR AF Whitney, Cynthia G. Moore, Matthew R. BE Siber, GR Klugman, KP Makela, PH TI Direct and Indirect Effectiveness and Safety of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Practice SO PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES: THE IMPACT OF CONJUGATE VACCINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; INVASIVE-DISEASE; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION; CHILDREN YOUNGER; IMPACT; CARRIAGE; ERA; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Whitney, Cynthia G.; Moore, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-582-0 PY 2008 BP 353 EP 368 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BOY53 UT WOS:000278065300025 ER PT J AU Ragin, AD Crawford, KE Davies, C Hallett, M Etheredge, AA Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Ragin, Angela D. Crawford, Kenroy E. Davies, Christopher Hallett, Miranda Etheredge, Alisha A. Grainger, James Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI AN ISOTOPE DILUTION HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF ISOMERIC BENZO[A]PYRENE TETROL METABOLITES DERIVED FROM ALBUMIN-BAPDE ADDUCTS AS INDICATORS OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds CY AUG 05-10, 2007 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE Albumin; isotope dilution; benzo[a]pyrene ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; BENZOPYRENE DIOL EPOXIDE; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; DNA-ADDUCTS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; FOUNDRY WORKERS; POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; URINE AB We evaluated in a pilot study a newly developed method of gas chromatography isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC-ID-HRMS-SIM). This method measures benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) tetrol metabolites released after albumin-BaPDE adduct hydrolysis. We isolated albumin adducts from the blood of a cohort of adult male and female smokers and nonsmokers randomly selected as exposed and nonexposed groups. Isomeric B[a]P tetrols released after adduct hydrolysis and silyl derivatization were quantified by GC-ID-HRMS-SIM using 13C6-isotopically labeled BaP tetrol isomer standards (+/-)-BaP-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrol (BPTI-1), (+/-)-BaP-r-7,t-8,t-9,t-10-tetrol (BPTI-2), (+/-)-BaP-r-7,t-8,c-9,t-10-tetrol (BPTII-1) and (+/-)-BaP-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrol (BPTII-2). In all donor samples analyzed the method was sensitive enough to detect BPTII-1 and BPTI-1 in the low fmol range. In both smokers and nonsmokers BPTI-1 levels were higher than BPTII-1 levels. The mean levels of BPTII-1 and BPTI-1 in smokers were 0.16 0.04 fmol/mg albumin (ranging from 0.09 to 0.28 fmol/mg albumin) and 0.40 0.06 fmol/mg albumin (ranging from 0.25 to 0.75 fmol/mg albumin), respectively. The mean levels of BPTII-1 and BPTI-1 in nonsmokers were 0.22 0.07 fmol/mg albumin (ranging from 0.09 to 0.41 fmol/mg albumin) and 0.47 0.06 fmol/mg albumin (ranging from 0.30 to 0.75 fmol/mg albumin), respectively. The results from this study are the first reported quantitative levels of specific benzo[a]pyrene tetrol isomers detected by isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements of BaPDE-albumin adducts using 13C6-isotopically labeled BaP tetrol isomer standards. C1 [Ragin, Angela D.; Crawford, Kenroy E.; Davies, Christopher; Hallett, Miranda; Etheredge, Alisha A.; Grainger, James; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ragin, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop F-53, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM aragin@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4-5 BP 434 EP 450 AR PII 905732922 DI 10.1080/10406630802378243 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 375BX UT WOS:000261089100016 ER PT J AU Johnson, T AF Johnson, Tim TI The Cairo Consensus: Demographic Surveys, Women's Empowerment, and Regime Change in Population Policy SO POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Johnson, Tim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0032-4728 J9 POP STUD-J DEMOG JI Popul. Stud.-J. Demogr. PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 254 EP 255 PG 2 WC Demography SC Demography GA 319FA UT WOS:000257148300009 ER PT J AU Katz, JM Hancock, K Veguilla, V Belser, JA Maines, TR Van Hoeven, N Pappas, C Tumpey, TM AF Katz, J. M. Hancock, K. Veguilla, V. Belser, J. A. Maines, T. R. Van Hoeven, N. Pappas, C. Tumpey, T. M. TI The public health impact of avian influenza viruses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pandemic; avian influenza; risk C1 [Katz, J. M.; Hancock, K.; Veguilla, V.; Belser, J. A.; Maines, T. R.; Van Hoeven, N.; Pappas, C.; Tumpey, T. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2008 VL 87 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 409XH UT WOS:000263538600008 ER PT J AU Bader, JL Nemhauser, J Chang, F Mashayekhi, B Sczcur, M Knebel, A Hrdina, C Coleman, N AF Bader, Judith L. Nemhauser, Jeffrey Chang, Florence Mashayekhi, Bijan Sczcur, Marti Knebel, Ann Hrdina, Chad Coleman, Norman TI Radiation event medical management (REMM): Website guidance for health care providers SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE radiological event; nuclear event; terrorism; improvised nuclear device; radiological dispersal device; acute radiation syndrome; medical countermeasures; radiation exposure; radiation contamination; biodosimetry AB Planning for and exercising the medical response to potential chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) terrorist events are new responsibilities for most health care providers. Among potential CBRNE events, radiological and/or nuclear (rad/nuc) events are thought to have received the least attention from health care providers and planners. To assist clinicians, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has created a new, innovative tool kit, the Radiation Event Medical Management (REMM) web portal (http://remm.nlm.gov). Goals of REMM include providing (1) algorithm-style, evidence-based, guidance about clinical diagnosis and treatment during mass casualty rad/nuc events; (2) just-in-time, peer-reviewed, usable information supported by sufficient background material and context to make complex diagnosis and management issues understandable to those without formal radiation medicine expertise; (3) a zip-file of complete web portal files downloadable in advance so the site would be available offline without an Internet connection; (4) a concise collection of the printable, key documents that can be taken into the field during an event; (5) a framework for medical teams and individuals to initiate rad/nuc planning and training; and (6) an extensive bibliography of key, peer-reviewed, and official guidance documents relevant to rad/nuc responses. Since its launch, REMM has been well received by individual responders and teams across the country and internationally. It has been accessed extensively, particularly during training exercises. Regular content updates and addition of new features are ongoing. The article reviews the development of REMM and some of its key content areas, features, and plans for future development. C1 [Bader, Judith L.; Coleman, Norman] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nemhauser, Jeffrey] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chang, Florence; Mashayekhi, Bijan; Sczcur, Marti] Natl Lib Med, NIH, Specialized Informat Syst Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bader, Judith L.; Knebel, Ann; Hrdina, Chad; Coleman, Norman] US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Off Preparedness & Emergency Operat, Washington, DC USA. RP Bader, JL (reprint author), 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jbader@mail.nih.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/10903120701710595 PG 11 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251CB UT WOS:000252347100001 PM 18189170 ER PT J AU Niska, RW AF Niska, Richard W. TI Hospital collaboration with public safety organizations on bioterrorism response SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the National-Association-of-Emergency-Medical-Services-Physicians CY JAN 13-15, 2005 CL Naples, FL SP Natl Assoc Emergency Med Serv Phys DE bioterrorism; emergency medical services; public safety; hospital ID COMMUNITY AB Objective. To identify hospital characteristics that predict collaboration with public safety organizations on bioterrorism response plans and mass casualty drills. Methods. The 2003 and 2004 Bioterrorism and Mass Casualty Supplements to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey examined collaboration with emergency medical services (EMS), hazardous materials teams (HAZMAT), fire departments, and law enforcement. The sample included 112 geographic primary sampling units and 1,110 hospitals. Data were weighted by inverse selection probability, to yield nationally representative estimates. Characteristics included residency and medical school affiliation, bed capacity, ownership, urbanicity and Joint Commission accreditation. The response rate was 84.6%. Chi-square analysis was performed with alpha set at p < 0.05. Logistic regression modeling yielded odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results. During a bioterrorism incident, 68.9% of hospitals would contact EMS, 68.7% percent law enforcement, 61.6% fire departments, 58.1% HAZMAT, and 42.8% all four. About 74.2% had staged mass casualty drills with EMS, 70.4% with fire departments, 67.4% with law enforcement, 43.3% with HAZMAT, and 37.0% with all four. Predictors of drilling with some or all of these public safety organizations included larger bed capacity, nonprofit and proprietary ownership, and JCAHO accreditation. Medical school affiliation was a negative predictor of drilling with EMS.Conclusions. The majority of hospitals involve public safety organizations in their emergency plans or drills. Bed capacity was most predictive of drilling with these organizations. Medical school affiliation was the only characteristic negatively associated with drilling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niska, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM Rniska@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1080/10903120701709514 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251CB UT WOS:000252347100002 PM 18189171 ER PT S AU Cox, LH AF Cox, Lawrence H. BE DomingoFerrer, J Saygin, Y TI A Data Quality and Data Confidentiality Assessment of Complementary Cell Suppression SO PRIVACY IN STATISTICAL DATABASES, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Privacy in Statistical Databases CY SEP 24-26, 2008 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP UNESCO Chair Data Privacy DE alternating cycle; releasing exact intervals; p/q-ambiguity rule ID STATISTICAL DISCLOSURE CONTROL; TABULAR DATA; METHODOLOGY AB Complementary cell suppression has been used for disclosure limitation of magnitude data such as economic censuses data for decades. This paper examines data quality and data confidentiality characteristics of cell suppression. We demonstrate that when cell suppression is not performed using a proper mathematical model, it can fail to protect. Moreover, we demonstrate that properly executed suppression based on standard disclosure definitions can be vulnerable to other attacks, sometimes fatally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Cox, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-87470-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5262 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BIJ39 UT WOS:000260043000002 ER PT B AU Taylor, TH Whalen, T Cohen, M AF Taylor, T. H., Jr. Whalen, T. Cohen, M. BE Zhao, W TI Application of Sensitivity Analysis, "Worst Case", and Maximum Possible Risk (MPR) to Adventitious Events SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Joint Conference on Information Sciences CY DEC 15-20, 2008 CL Shenzhen, PEOPLES R CHINA DE statistics; probability; risk analysis; bioterrorism; anthrax AB We present here a logical progression of probability and risk analysis for adventitious events, events whose probability is not well measurably different from zero([1]) (WMDZ). We will show that such analyses culminate in maximum possible risk([2]) (MPR) and, further, that MPR is equivalent to a boundary condition for classic sensitivity analysis when applied to events which are not WMDZ. Further, we shall show that use of counter-factual probabilities provides a good estimate of these boundary conditions. C1 [Taylor, T. H., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Whalen, T.] georgia state univ, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, M.] Frontline Healthcare Workers Safety Foundat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tom@whalen3.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ATLANTIS PRESS PI PARIS PA 29 AVENUE LAVMIERE, PARIS, 75019, FRANCE PY 2008 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BKS84 UT WOS:000269122600116 ER PT B AU Crawford, CAG Young, LJ AF Crawford, Carol A. Gotway Young, Linda J. BE Zhang, JX Goodchild, MF TI Geostatistics: What's hot, what's not, and other food for thought SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPATIAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, VOL I: SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Wuhan Univ, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Chinese Soc Geodesy, Photogrammetry & Cartog, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geograph Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing Normal Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping DE support; non-Euclidean distance; convolutions; geospatial workforce; geoinformatics ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; DECONVOLUTION; DISTANCE; MODELS AB The field of geostatistics has evolved tremendously since it was invented for use in the mining industry. Today, geostatistics is used in a variety of disciplines including agriculture and natural resources, environmental science, and, most recently, geography and public health. This advancement into new disciplines has facilitated the development of many new geostatistical methods and techniques. In this paper, we review several of the areas that have seen significant advances within the field of geostatistics, and those that deserve more attention by geostatisticians. The list of topics identified here is intended to be provocative, as we believe questioning leads to the scientific and practical advancement of a discipline. C1 [Crawford, Carol A. Gotway] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crawford, CAG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cdg7@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD ACAD UNION-WORLD ACAD PRESS PI LIVERPOOL PA 113, ACADEMIC HOUSE, MILL LANE, WAVERTREE TECHNOLOGY PARK, LIVERPOOL, L13 4 AH, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84626-170-1 PY 2008 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Remote Sensing GA BHZ10 UT WOS:000257573300002 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ AF Lollar, Donald J. TI Function, impairment, and long-term outcomes in children with AND and how to measure them (Reprinted) SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Reprint ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CLASSIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; ADHD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE M-S E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 15 EP + DI 10.3928/00485713-20080101-06 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 252QZ UT WOS:000252463000004 ER PT J AU Koo, D Birkhead, GS Reingold, AL AF Koo, Denise Birkhead, Guthrie S. Reingold, Arthur L. TI Guest editorial SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koo, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Reingold, Arthur L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dkoo@cdc.gov OI Abu-Ghazaleh, Nael/0000-0002-9485-5370; Chiasserini, Carla Fabiana/0000-0003-1410-660X; Lo Cigno, Renato/0000-0002-4755-2844; Alba, Enrique/0000-0002-5520-8875 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263FL UT WOS:000253202900001 PM 18497008 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Brownson, RC AF Thacker, Stephen B. Brownson, Ross C. TI Practicing epidemiology: How competent are we? SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thacker, Stephen B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbtl@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263FL UT WOS:000253202900002 PM 18497009 ER PT J AU Kaelin, MA Huebner, WW Cordell, RL Szklarczuk, B AF Kaelin, Mark A. Huebner, Wendy W. Cordell, Ralph L. Szklarczuk, Brian TI Professional development for prospective epidemiology teachers in grades 6-12 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kaelin, Mark A.; Huebner, Wendy W.] Montclair State Univ, Coll Educ & Human Serv, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Cordell, Ralph L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Szklarczuk, Brian] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Kaelin, MA (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Coll Educ & Human Serv, Univ Hall 4201,1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM kaelinm@mail.montclair.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 2 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 312FA UT WOS:000256653300002 PM 18770914 ER PT J AU Stratford, D Mizuno, Y Williams, K Courtenay-Quirk, C O'Leary, A AF Stratford, Dale Mizuno, Yuko Williams, Kim Courtenay-Quirk, Cari O'Leary, Ann TI Addressing poverty as risk for disease: Recommendations from CDC's consultation on microenterprise as HIV prevention SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH DISPARITIES; CREDIT PROGRAMS; STRUCTURAL FACTORS; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; SUBSTANCE USE AB In March 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a consultation meeting to explore microenterprise as a potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Prevention intervention. The impulse to link microenterprise with HIV/AIDS prevention was driven by the fact that poverty is a significant factor contributing to the risk for infection. Because increasingly high rates of HIV infection are occurring among women, particularly among poor African American women in the southern United States, we focused the consultation on microenterprise as an intervention among that population. In the international arena, income generated by microenterprise has contributed to improving family and community health outcomes. This article summarizes the contributions made to the consultation by participants from the diverse fields of microenterprise, microfinance, women's studies, and public health. The article ends with recommendations for HIV/AIDS prevention and, by implication, addressing other public health challenges, through the development of multifaceted intervention approaches. C1 [Stratford, Dale; Mizuno, Yuko; Williams, Kim; Courtenay-Quirk, Cari; O'Leary, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stratford, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbs8@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 240FF UT WOS:000251571900005 PM 18348475 ER PT J AU Traicoff, DA Walke, HT Jones, DS Gogstad, ER Imtiaz, R White, ME AF Traicoff, Dense A. Walke, Henry T. Jones, Donna S. Gogstad, Eric R. Imtiaz, Rubina White, Mark E. TI Replicating success: Developing a standard FETP curriculum SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Field epidemiology training programs have been successful models to address a country's needs for a skilled public health workforce, partly due to their responsiveness to the countries' unique needs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has partnered with ministries of health to strengthen their workforce through customized competency-based training programs. While desirable, emphasis on program flexibility can result in redundancy and inconsistency. To address this challenge, the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) of instructional design was used by a cross-functional team to guide completion of a standard curriculum based on 15 competencies. The standard curriculum has supported the development and expansion of programs while still allowing for adaptation. This article describes the process that was used to develop the curriculum, which, together with needs assessment and evaluation, is crucial for successful training programs. C1 [Traicoff, Dense A.; Walke, Henry T.; Jones, Donna S.; Gogstad, Eric R.; Imtiaz, Rubina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev Branch, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. [White, Mark E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Capac Dev & Program Coordinat, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. RP Traicoff, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev Branch, Div Global Publ Hlth Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-93, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. EM DTraicoff@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 1 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263FL UT WOS:000253202900009 PM 18497016 ER PT J AU Richter, P Pechacek, T Swahn, M Wagman, V AF Richter, Patricia Pechacek, Terry Swahn, Monica Wagman, Victoria TI Reducing levels of toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke: A new healthy people 2010 objective SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-SMOKE; LUNG-CANCER; N-NITROSAMINES; CARCINOGENICITY; BIOCHEMISTRY AB We developed and implemented a national surveillance system to monitor and reduce the levels of toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke. A developmental Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) objective was revised to report on levels of three categories of chemicals-tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds-in the smoke of leading U.S. cigarette brands. Unit-based sales-weighted average levels were calculated for each chemical category. The target for the new HP 2010 objective is a 10% reduction in unit-based sales-weighted average levels of each chemical category. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided the baseline, target data, and laboratory analyses. A national data source, national baseline data, and target were presented to the Healthy People Steering Committee during 2005 Midcourse Review. Approval of the revised objective initiated the surveillance of three major classes of toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke. The approved objective provides a feasible, innovative approach for monitoring and supporting measurable population-based reductions in levels of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke. C1 [Richter, Patricia; Pechacek, Terry; Swahn, Monica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wagman, Victoria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Richter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM prichter@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 240FF UT WOS:000251571900007 PM 18348477 ER PT J AU Davila, JC Wang, W Gustafson, KW Smith, P AF Davila, Jill C. Wang, Wendy Gustafson, Kathe W. Smith, Philip J. TI The San Diego Immunization Survey: A model for local vaccination coverage assessment SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK; IMPACT AB Objectives. Assessing vaccination coverage as part of a comprehensive intervention has been demonstrated to result in increased coverage rates. The National Immunization Survey provides coverage estimates at the national level and selected urban areas. However, it is important for other localities to understand vaccination coverage in their areas. The San Diego Immunization Branch conducts the San Diego Immunization Survey (SDIS) to gather vaccination coverage information in San Diego County. This article describes the methodology and results of the SDIS. Methods. The SDIS is a two-phase immunization survey. The first phase is a random-digit-dialing survey in which vaccination information is obtained by phone. The second phase involves the verification of this information and/or obtaining vaccination information via the registry or the child's provider(s). Results. In 2005, the sample size included 839 respondents. From 1995 to 2005, coverage for the following individual vaccines increased: diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis (92.0% to 96.5% for >= 3 doses, and 75.0% to 89.0% for >= 4 doses), polio (83.0% to 94.7%), measles-mumps-rubella (85.0% to 95.8%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (87.0% to 93.2%), and hepatitis B (67.0% to 93.6%). Conclusion. The results of the SDIS demonstrate that San Diego County has exceeded the Healthy People 2010 goal to reach at least 80% coverage for the series of universally recommended vaccinations. C1 [Davila, Jill C.; Smith, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Davila, Jill C.] Logist Hlth Inc, La Crosse, WI USA. [Wang, Wendy; Gustafson, Kathe W.] San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Immunizat Branch, San Diego, CA USA. RP Davila, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eaq9@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 240FF UT WOS:000251571900008 PM 18348478 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Swanson, M Waldman, HB Perlman, SP AF Armour, Brian S. Swanson, Mark Waldman, H. Barry Perlman, Steven P. TI A profile of state-level differences in the oral health of people with and without disabilities, in the US, in 2004 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TOOTH LOSS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; WEIGHT-LOSS; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; ADULTS AB Objectives. The aim of this study was to provide state-level surveillance data to assess the oral health of people with disabilities. Methods. Data from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)-a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population 18 years of age and older-were used to estimate disability prevalence and state-level differences in oral health among people with and those without disabilities. Results. Nationally, people with disabilities were less likely than people without disabilities to visit a dentist or dental clinic in the past year. The percentage of people with disabilities who reported they had visited a dentist in the past year was lowest in Mississippi (48.9%) and highest in Connecticut (74.5%). Among people without disabilities reporting they had visited a dentist or dental clinic in the past year, the percentage was lowest in Mississippi (60.7%) and highest in Minnesota (80.7%). Edentulism was higher among people with disabilities compared with those without disabilities. Among people with disabilities, edentulism was lowest in the District of Columbia (4.1%) and highest in Kentucky (18.7%). Among people without disabilities, edentulism was lowest in California (2.7%) and highest in Kentucky (11.3%). Conclusions. Despite numerous studies and reports documenting the unmet oral health needs of people with disabilities, there has been no systematic national surveillance of oral health among people with disabilities in the United States. This article provides much-needed state-by-state and national epidemiologic data regarding the oral health of people with disabilities. C1 [Armour, Brian S.; Swanson, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Human Dev, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Waldman, H. Barry] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Dent Med, Dept Gen Dent, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Perlman, Steven P.] Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Perlman, Steven P.] Special Smiles, Special Olymp, Washington, DC USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Human Dev, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM barmour@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 240FF UT WOS:000251571900012 PM 18348482 ER PT J AU Birkhead, GS Davies, J Miner, K Lemmings, J Koo, D AF Birkhead, Guthrie S. Davies, Jac Miner, Kathleen Lemmings, Jennifer Koo, Denise TI Developing competencies for applied epidemiology: From process to product SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. We developed competencies for applied epidemiologic practice by using a process that is based on existing competency frameworks, that engages professionals in academic and applied epidemiology at all governmental levels (local, state, and federal), and that provides ample opportunity for input from practicing epidemiologists throughout the U.S. Methods. The model set of core public health competencies, consisting of eight core domains of public health practice, developed in 2001 by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, were adopted as the foundation of the Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Governmental Public Health Agencies (AECs). A panel of experts was convened and met over a period of 20 months to develop a draft set of AECs. Drafts were presented at the annual meetings of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and the American Public Health Association. Input and comments were also solicited from practicing epidemiologists and 14 national organizations representing epidemiology and public health. Results. In all, we developed 149 competency statements across the eight domains of public health practice and four tiers of applied epidemiologic practice. In addition, sub- and sub-subcompetency statements were developed to increase the document's specificity. During the process, >800 comments from all governmental and academic levels and tiers of epidemiology practice were considered for the final statements. Conclusions. The AECs are available for use in improving the training for and skill levels of practicing applied epidemiologists and should also be useful for educators, employers, and supervisors. Both CDC and CSTE plan to evaluate their implementation and usefulness in providing information for future competency development. C1 [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.; Davies, Jac; Lemmings, Jennifer] Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. [Birkhead, Guthrie S.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Miner, Kathleen] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Koo, Denise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Birkhead, GS (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Corning Tower,Room 1483, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM gsb02@health.state.ny.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U60/CCU07277] NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 1 BP 67 EP 118 PG 52 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263FL UT WOS:000253202900014 PM 18497021 ER PT J AU Patel, AS Powell, TA Woolard, CD AF Patel, Ami S. Powell, Timothy A. Woolard, C. Diane TI Assessment of applied epidemiology competencies among the Virginia Department of Health workforce SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Epidemiologists play critical roles in public health. However, until recently, no formal standards existed for epidemiology practice. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists drafted Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Governmental Public Health Agencies (AECs) that provide a foundation for expectations and training programs for three tiers of practice. We characterized the Virginia Department. of Health (VDH) epidemiology workforce and assessed its baseline applied epdemiology competency by using these competencies. Methods. Epidemiologists representing multiple divisions developed an Internet survey based on the AECs. Staff who met the definition of an epidemiologist were requested to complete the survey. Within eight skill domains, specific competencies were listed. For each competency, frequency and confidence in performing and need for training were measured by using Likert scales. Differences among tier levels were assessed using analysis of variance. Results. Eighty-eight people from 10 program areas responded and were included in the analysis. Median epidemiology experience was four years, with 52% having completed formal training. Respondents self-identified as Tier 1/entry-level (38%), Tier 2/mid-level (47%), or Tier 3/senior-level (15%) epidemiologists. Compared with lower tiers, Tier 3 epidemiologists more frequently performed financial or operational planning and management (p=0.023) and communication activities (p=0.018) and had higher confidence in assessment and analysis (p<0.001). Overall, training needs were highest for assessment/analysis and basic public health sciences skills. Conclusions. VDH has a robust epidemiology workforce with varying levels of experience. Frequency and confidence in performing competencies varied by tier of practice. VDH plans to use these results and the AECs to target staff training activities. C1 [Patel, Ami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Patel, Ami S.; Powell, Timothy A.; Woolard, C. Diane] Virginia Dept Hlth, Div Surveillance & Invest, Richmond, VA USA. RP Patel, AS (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, 500 Broad St,2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM app8@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2008 VL 123 SU 1 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 263FL UT WOS:000253202900015 PM 18497022 ER PT B AU Trevathan, E AF Trevathan, Edwin BE Schmidt, D Schachter, SC TI Fainting, Fear, and Pallor in a 22-Month-Old Girl SO PUZZLING CASES OF EPILEPSY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPILEPSY C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trevathan, E (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-055954-4; 978-0-12-374005-2 PY 2008 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374005-2.00011-9 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BID08 UT WOS:000327452000012 ER PT J AU Nelson, A Collins, J Siddharthan, K Matz, M Waters, T AF Nelson, Audrey Collins, James Siddharthan, Kris Matz, Mary Waters, Tom TI Link between safe patient handling and patient outcomes in long-term care SO REHABILITATION NURSING LA English DT Article DE ergonomics; quality of care measures; safe patient handling ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; INJURIES; NURSES; LIFTS AB This study examined the relationship between safe patient handling and quality of care measures. A comprehensive patient care ergonomics program included six elements. Using a retrospective observational design, 10 quality domains were cornpared before and after implementation of the program for 111 residents living on 24 units in six Veterans Administration nursing homes using a general linear regression model with repeated measures clustered within time and adjusted for age. After implementation, we found lower levels of depression, improved urinary continence, higher engagement in activities, lower fall risk, and higher levels of alertness during the day. Additionally, four areas showed a decline in function: pain, combativeness, locomotion, and cognition. Findings from this study may be useful in enhancing organizational support for safe patient-handling programs and could be used to build a business case for improving caregiver safety. C1 [Nelson, Audrey; Siddharthan, Kris; Matz, Mary] James A Haley Vet Adm Med Ctr, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Collins, James] NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Waters, Tom] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Nelson, A (reprint author), James A Haley Vet Adm Med Ctr, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, 11605 N Nebraska Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM audrey.nelson@va.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASSOC REHABILITATION NURSES PI GLENVIEW PA 4700 W LAKE AVE, GLENVIEW, IL 60025-1485 USA SN 0278-4807 J9 REHABIL NURS JI Rehabil. Nurs. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Nursing; Rehabilitation SC Nursing; Rehabilitation GA 249WZ UT WOS:000252262300006 PM 18236890 ER PT J AU Akgul, Y Derk, RC Meighan, T Rao, KMK Murono, EP AF Akgul, Yucel Derk, Raymond C. Meighan, Terence Rao, K. Murali Krishna Murono, Eisuke P. TI The methoxychlor metabolite, HPTE, directly inhibits the catalytic activity of cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc) in cultured rat ovarian cells SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methoxychlor; HPTE; ovarian steroidogenesis; cholesterol side-chain cleavage; P450scc; theca cells; granulosa cells ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS ALPHA; ADULT FEMALE MOUSE; LEYDIG-CELLS; TESTOSTERONE FORMATION; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; PESTICIDE METHOXYCHLOR; SURFACE EPITHELIUM; GRANULOSA-CELLS; IMMATURE MICE AB Exposure to the pesticide methoxychlor in rodents is linked to impaired steroid production, ovarian atrophy and reduced fertility. Following in vivo administration, it is rapidly converted by the liver to 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), the reported active metabolite. Both methoxychlor and HPTE have weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and these effects are thought to be mediated through the estrogen and androgen receptors, respectively. Previous in vivo studies on metboxychlor exposure to female animals have demonstrated decreased progesterone production but no change in serum estrogen levels. We recently showed that HPTE specifically inhibits the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc, CYP11A1) step resulting in decreased androgen production by cultured rat testicular Leydig cells. The current studies examined the mechanism of action of HPTE on progesterone production by cultured ovarian cells (granulosa and theca-interstitial) from pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-primed immature rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the effects of HPTE on rat ovarian cell progesterone, biosynthesis were mediated through the estrogen or androgen receptors. Exposure to HPTE (0, 10, 50 or 100 nM) alone progressively inhibited progesterone fort-nation in cultured theca-interstitial and granulosa cells and the P450scc catalytic activity in theca-interstitial cells in a dose-dependent manner with significant declines starting at 50 nM. However, HPTE did not change mRNA levels of the P450scc system (P450scc, adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin) as well as P450scc protein levels. Of interest, estradiol, xenoestrogens (bisphenol-A or 4-tert-octylphenol), a pure antiestrogen (ICI 182,780), or antiandrogens (4-hydroxyflutamide or the vinclozolin metabolite M-2), had no effect on progesterone production even at 1000 nM. Co-treatment of HPTE with ICI 182,780 did not block the effect of HPTE on progesterone formation. These studies suggest that the decline in progesterone formation following exposure to HPTE in cultured ovarian cells is associated with the inhibition of catalytic activity of P450scc at least in theca-interstitial cells. This action does not appear to be mediated through the estrogen or androgen receptor signaling pathways, and other chemicals exhibiting estrogenic, antiestrogenic or antiandrogenic properties do not mimic its effect on ovarian steroid production. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Akgul, Yucel; Murono, Eisuke P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Derk, Raymond C.; Meighan, Terence; Rao, K. Murali Krishna; Murono, Eisuke P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Akgul, Y (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM yakgul@hsc.wvu.edu RI akgul, yucel/E-5599-2012; Akgul, Yucel/M-1745-2013 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.007 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 261RO UT WOS:000253097900008 PM 18065196 ER PT J AU Hotchkin, DL Rubinson, L AF Hotchkin, David L. Rubinson, Lewis TI Modified critical care and treatment space considerations for mass casualty critical illness and injury SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Mechanical Ventilation in Mass Casualty Scenarios CY 2007 CL Reno, NV DE mass casualty medical care; disaster medicine; surge capacity ID TERRORIST BOMBINGS; SURGE CAPACITY; MANAGEMENT; RECOMMENDATIONS; DISASTER; HOSPITALS; EPIDEMICS; PROTOCOL; ATTACKS; LESSONS AB Mass critical care events are increasingly likely, yet the resource challenges to augment everyday, unrestricted critical care for a surge of disaster victims are insurmountable for nearly all communities. In light of these limitations, an expert panel defined a circumscribed set of key critical care interventions that they believed could be offered to many additional people and yet would also continue to offer substantial life-sustaining benefits for nonmoribund critically ill and injured people. They proposed Emergency Mass Critical Care, which is based on the set of key interventions and includes recommendations for necessary surge medical equipment, treatment space characteristics, and staffing competencies for mass critical care response. To date, Emergency Mass Critical Care is untested, and the real benefits of implementation remain uncertain. Nonetheless, Emergency Mass Critical Care currently remains the only comprehensive construct for mass critical care preparedness and response. This paper reviews current concepts to provide life-sustaining care for hundreds or thousands of people outside of traditional critical care sites. C1 [Hotchkin, David L.; Rubinson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Seattle King Cty Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hotchkin, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM rubinson@u.washington.edu NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 250FK UT WOS:000252285200006 PM 18173861 ER PT J AU Branson, RD Johannigman, JA Daugherty, EL Rubinson, L AF Branson, Richard D. Johannigman, Jay A. Daugherty, Elizabeth L. Rubinson, Lewis TI Surge capacity mechanical ventilation SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Mechanical Ventilation in Mass Casualty Scenarios CY 2007 CL Reno, NV DE mechanical ventilation; mass casualty; pandemic ID POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; TERRORIST BOMBINGS; CRITICAL-CARE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; MASS CASUALTIES; NIGHTCLUB FIRE; FAILURE AB Mechanical ventilation in a situation of mass casualty respiratory failure will require a substantial increase in the capacity for mechanical ventilation, to prevent unnecessary mortality. Concern over the difficulties of treating large numbers of patients with respiratory failure is exceeded only by our lack of experience on which to base decisions. This review evaluates the likely scenarios that could lead to mass casualty respiratory failure and the types of respiratory failure anticipated. A literature review was conducted, using the National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings terms "mass casualty respiratory failure," "pandemic flu," "disaster preparedness," and "mass casualty care." Papers were reviewed for relevance to the topic. There is little historical or empirical evidence upon which to base decisions regarding mass casualty respiratory failure and augmenting positive-pressure ventilation capacity. Matching the degree of respiratory impairment anticipated from the most likely mass casualty scenarios allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the performance characteristics of ventilators required for these situations. Little is known about the success of mechanical-ventilator stockpiling for mass casualty respiratory failure. Careful planning with an emphasis on matching ventilator performance to patient need and caregiver skill is critical to appropriate stockpile choices. C1 [Branson, Richard D.; Johannigman, Jay A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Daugherty, Elizabeth L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Seattle King Cty Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Branson, RD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM richard.branson@uc.edu NR 71 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 250FK UT WOS:000252285200008 PM 18173862 ER PT J AU Malatino, EM AF Malatino, Eileen M. TI Strategic National Stockpile: Overview and ventilator assets SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Mechanical Ventilation in Mass Casualty Scenarios CY 2007 CL Reno, NV DE Strategic National Stockpile; 12-hour Push Package; Managed Inventory; Technical Advisory Response Unit; ventilator AB Acquiring a resupply of critical medical assets following a national emergency will be crucial to saving lives. The Strategic National Stockpile is a national repository of various medications, vaccines, antidotes, and medical/surgical equipment that would be used to augment federal, state, and local public health agencies in the event of a terrorist attack or other public health emergency. Portable ventilators are included in the stockpile Managed Inventory. These ventilators and the ancillary equipment needed for one adult or one pediatric patient are kitted in a durable case that is staged and ready for deployment. A state that requires these assets initiates a request for federal assistance through established guidelines. This paper provides an overview of the Strategic National Stockpile, the types of ventilators and ancillary equipment currently available, and the process for requesting these assets. C1 [Malatino, Eileen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Div Strateg Natl Stockpile, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malatino, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Div Strateg Natl Stockpile, 1600 Clifton RdNe,MS D-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ejm7@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 250FK UT WOS:000252285200010 PM 18173863 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Sogolow, E Strouse, D Lipman, PD AF Mack, Karin A. Sogolow, Ellen Strouse, Darcy Lipman, Paula Darby TI The role of supervision of children in injury prevention SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mack, Karin A.; Sogolow, Ellen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDC NCIPC DUIP H&R, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmack@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PY 2008 VL 50 SU 1 BP S112 EP S114 DI 10.1590/S0036-36342008000700016 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302MM UT WOS:000255972400016 PM 18373001 ER PT J AU Myers, GL AF Myers, Gary L. TI Standardization of serum creatinine measurement: Theory and practice SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Bergmeyer Conference on Markers of Kidney Diseases CY MAR 03-05, 2008 CL Grainau, GERMANY DE creatinine; glomerular filtration rate; MDRD equation; standardization; traceability ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA CREATININE; RENAL-FUNCTION; GC-MS; ASSAYS; CHEMISTRY; ACCURACY; EQUATION AB Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem. The best indicator of kidney function is considered to be the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the rate that blood is filtered at the glomerulus. Currently, it is recommended that GFR be estimated using the estimating equation developed from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. To utilize the MDRD equation effectively requires reliable serum creatinine measurement. Understanding by laboratories world-wide of the importance of reliable serum creatinine measurements in GFR estimation and of factors that may affect creatinine measurement is critical to ongoing global public health efforts to increase the identification of patients with CKD. Serum creatinine assays must be properly calibrated and traceable to a high-order reference system in order to eliminate or significantly reduce variation among laboratories. If properly standardized world-wide, serum creatinine results can be used reliably to achieve universal implementation of GFR reporting as part of the global effort to diagnose and treat CKD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Myers, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford HWY,NE F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMyers@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0036-5513 J9 SCAND J CLIN LAB INV JI Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. PY 2008 VL 68 SU 241 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1080/00365510802149887 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 312PG UT WOS:000256682700010 ER PT J AU Sjolund, M Kahlmeter, G AF Sjolund, Maria Kahlmeter, Gunnar TI Staphylococci in primary skin and soft tissue infections in a Swedish county SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; AUREUS INFECTIONS; GENES; EMERGENCE; PNEUMONIA; ANTIBIOTICS; LEUCOCIDIN; MRSA AB Patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are frequently encountered in primary health care. The majority are uncomplicated and treated empirically by surgical incision and drainage and/or antibiotics. This strategy may risk delaying the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which, although still rare in Sweden, is increasingly being found in patients with SSTI. To avoid 'late detection' of MRSA, primary health care physicians in Kronoberg county, Sweden, were asked to perform a culture as soon as the patient's first visit. Samples from 175 patients with primary SSTI confirmed that S. aureus is the dominant pathogen. Two cases of MRSA were detected. Furthermore, isolates of S. aureus producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin were more common among isolates from SSTI than among S. aureus from secondary infections. Finally, we confirmed the importance of the coagulase-negative staphylococcal species S. lugdunensis as a pathogen as it was isolated as the only pathogen in 10% of the skin and soft tissue samples. C1 [Sjolund, Maria; Kahlmeter, Gunnar] Cent Hosp Vaxjo, Dept Clin Microbiol, Vaxjo, Sweden. RP Sjolund, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCZVED, DFBMD,EDLB, Mail Stop G291600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 11-12 BP 894 EP 898 AR PII 903056261 DI 10.1080/00365540802415517 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 375CC UT WOS:000261089600007 PM 18821133 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Andrus, ML Peterson, KD Dudeck, MA Horan, TC AF Klevens, R. Monina Edwards, Jonathan R. Andrus, Mary L. Peterson, Kelly D. Dudeck, Margaret A. Horan, Teresa C. CA NHSN Participants Outpatient Dialy TI Dialysis surveillance report: National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) - Data summary for 2006 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR ACCESS INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM; OUTPATIENT; BACTEREMIA; SYSTEM AB Thirty-two outpatient hemodialysis providers in the United States voluntarily reported 3699 adverse events to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) during 2006. These providers were previously enrolled in the Dialysis Surveillance Network. The pooled mean rates of hospitalization among patients with arteriovenous fistulas, grafts, permanent and temporary central venous catheters were 7.7, 9.2, 15.7, and 34.7 per 100 patient-months, respectively. For bloodstream infection the pooled mean rates were 0.5, 0.9, 4.2, and 27.1 per 100 patient-months in these groups. Among the 599 isolates reported, 461 (77%) represented access-associated blood stream infections in patients with central lines, and 138 (23%) were in patients with fistulas or grafts. The microorganisms most frequently identified were common skin contaminants (e.g., coagulase-negative staphylococci). In 2007, enrollment in NHSN opened to all providers of outpatient hemodialysis. Specific information is available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/nhsn_FAQenrollment.html. C1 [Klevens, R. Monina; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Andrus, Mary L.; Peterson, Kelly D.; Dudeck, Margaret A.; Horan, Teresa C.; NHSN Participants Outpatient Dialy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00379.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 257QW UT WOS:000252814600008 PM 18251954 ER EF