FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hastings, IM Korenromp, EL Oland, PB AF Hastings, Ian M. Korenromp, Eline L. Oland, Peter B. TI The anatomy of a malaria disaster: drug policy choice and mortality in African children SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; THERAPY EFFICACY; VERBAL AUTOPSY; PYRIMETHAMINE; TRANSMISSION; SENSITIVITY AB Drug-resistant malaria is a substantial problem throughout Africa and most countries must regularly adapt their antimalarial drug policies to ensure a continued coverage of effective antimalarial treatment. The timing of drug policy change can be guided by several sources of data: molecular markers of resistance, in-vitro parasite sensitivity, parasitological and clinical failure rates, and community morbidity and mortality rates. Through mathematical simulations of the spread of parasite mutations through a population exposed to high-endemic malaria, we explore the causal and chronological relations between these indicators and show which of them are obscured or confounded by other factors. Taking into account the logistical and practical advantages and disadvantages of each type of data collection, we critically appraise the value of each indicator. A major problem is shown to be that drug efficacy as perceived by people at risk will remain high even after drugs have become almost completely ineffective, resulting in a lack of community pressure for drug policy change. We show that parasitological failure is the most sensitive and timely indicator, which allows around 2-3 years for drug policy change to be implemented, so as to prevent the most rapid rise in malaria-related mortality. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Fund Flight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hastings, IM (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM hastings@liverpool.ac.uk NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70214-1 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 224HQ UT WOS:000250438500020 PM 17884732 ER PT J AU Baron, PA Estill, CF Beard, JK Hein, MJ Larsen, L AF Baron, P. A. Estill, C. F. Beard, J. K. Hein, M. J. Larsen, L. TI Bacterial endospore inactivation caused by outgassing of vapourous hydrogen peroxide from polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas((R))) SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; decontamination; hydrogen peroxide; outgassing; Plexiglas; spore; sterilization; VHP ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; SPORES AB Aims: To investigate the cause and to eliminate the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis strain Sterne spores settled onto agar and stainless steel surfaces in plastic holders. Methods and Results: In an experimental chamber in which spores settled onto sampling surfaces, vapourous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) was used for decontamination between experiments. It was demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) absorbed into plastic (Plexiglas (R)) surfaces and could outgas in the sample holders. Further experiments demonstrated that H2O2 was released from Plexiglas (R) sample holders in sufficient quantity to inactivate spores. High temperature degassing (30-35 degrees C) for several days or aluminum coating of the surfaces were two remedies found to be effective in preventing inadvertent spore inactivation. Conclusions: H2O2 can be absorbed into plastic and released after an extended period of time (weeks), allowing a sufficient concentration to accumulate in small volumes to inactivate spores. Outgassing the plastic or coating the surface with an impermeable layer are potential solutions to reduce spore inactivation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Many studies with bacilli and other organisms are carried out using small plastic containers that may have been sterilized using H2O2 or other agents. This study presents a cautionary note to ensure elimination of H2O2 or other sterilizing agents to prevent spurious results. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, MSR3, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pbaron@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02209.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 223IE UT WOS:000250362700005 PM 17958554 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Cohen, B Nannini, A Ferre, C Reynolds, MA Zhang, Z Jeng, G Macaluso, M Wright, VC AF Schieve, Laura A. Cohen, Bruce Nannini, Angela Ferre, Cynthia Reynolds, Meredith A. Zhang, Zi Jeng, Gary Macaluso, Maurizio Wright, Victoria C. CA MCARTER TI A population-based study of maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with assisted reproductive technology in Massachusetts SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infant; low birth weight; pregnancy complications; premature birth; assisted reproductive technology ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SINGLETON PREGNANCIES; INFERTILE COUPLES; PRETERM DELIVERY; TWIN PREGNANCIES; UNITED-STATES; RISK; IVF AB Objective: To assess associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and adverse maternal and infant outcomes, with an emphasis on singletons. Methods: We linked data from the US ART surveillance system with Massachusetts live birth-infant death records data for resident births in 1997-1998 and compared births conceived with ART (N = 3316) with births not conceived with ART or infertility medications (N = 157,066) on: maternal chronic conditions, pregnancy complications, labor and delivery complications, and perinatal and infant outcomes. Results: Overall, ART was strongly associated with numerous adverse outcomes. The magnitude was reduced for several outcomes when analyses were limited to singletons. After further exclusion of maternal subsets with rare ART births (maternal age <20; education = 3 years of data. Results: From 1996 to 2001, significant increases in prenatal discussions about HIV testing were seen in 15 of 17 states. During the period 1996-2001, the prevalence of testing increased significantly in 7 of 8 states. In all states, there was a significant, positive relationship between having a prenatal discussion about testing and having an HIV test (odds ratios ranged from 1.7 to 4.9). Conclusions: We found statistically significant increases in discussions and testing from 1996 through 2001, consistent with guidelines emphasizing routine prenatal testing. Health care providers may have a strong influence on women's decisions to be tested. Because current guidelines call for simplified strategies to reduce barriers to universal prenatal HIV screening, trends in prenatal HIV testing should continue to be monitored to assess the impact of these changes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0197-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 226IC UT WOS:000250581700002 PM 17340180 ER PT J AU Kanotra, S D'Angelo, D Phares, TM Morrow, B Barfield, WD Lansky, A AF Kanotra, Sarojini D'Angelo, Denise Phares, Tanya M. Morrow, Brian Barfield, Wanda D. Lansky, Amy TI Challenges faced by new mothers in the early postpartum period: An analysis of comment data from the 2000 pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) survey SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System; comment data; challenges; mothers; early postpartum period; qualitative analysis ID BREAST-FEEDING RATES; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; EARLY DISCHARGE; SYMPTOMS; WOMEN; DELIVERY; STRESS; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; LABOR AB Objective To identify challenges that women face 2-9 months postpartum using qualitative data gathered by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Methods PRAMS is an on-going population-based surveillance system that collects self-reported information on maternal behaviors and experiences before, during, and after the birth of a live infant. We analyzed free text comment data from women in 10 states who answered the PRAMS survey in 2000. Preliminary analysis included a review of the comment data to identify major themes and a demographic comparison of women who commented (n = 3,417) versus women who did not (n = 12,497). Subsequent analysis included systematic coding of the data from 324 women that commented about postpartum concerns and evaluation to ensure acceptable levels of reliability among coders. Results We identified the following major themes, listed in order of frequency: (1) need for social support, (2) breastfeeding issues, (3) lack of education about newborn care after discharge, (4) need for help with postpartum depression, (5) perceived need for extended postpartum hospital stay, and (6) need for maternal insurance coverage beyond delivery. Conclusion The themes identified indicate that new mothers want more social support and education and that some of their concerns relate to policies regarding breastfeeding and medical care. These results can be used to inform programs and policies designed to address education and continuity of postpartum care for new mothers. C1 Louisville Metro Hlth Dept Publ Hlth & Wellness, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Kanotra, S (reprint author), Louisville Metro Hlth Dept Publ Hlth & Wellness, 400 E Gray St, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM Sarojini.Kanotra@louisvilleky.gov; DDAngelo@cdc.gov; tphares@westernu.edu; bmorrow@cdc.gov; WBarfield@cdc.gov; alansky@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0206-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 226IC UT WOS:000250581700005 PM 17562155 ER PT J AU Read, D Bethell, C Blumberg, SJ Abreu, M Molina, C AF Read, Debra Bethell, Christina Blumberg, Stephen J. Abreu, Milagros Molina, Clara TI An evaluation of the linguistic and cultural validity of the spanish language version of the children with special health care needs screener SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE children with special health care needs; Hispanic; Spanish language; CSHCN screener ID IDENTIFYING CHILDREN; ACCESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; DEFINITION; CHILDHOOD; INSURANCE AB Objectives The 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) used the CSHCN Screener, a 5-item survey based tool, to identify children with special health care needs. The prevalence of special health care needs for Hispanic children was lower than that reported for all other ethnic and racial groups, with the exception of Asian children. To better understand the reasons for the lower prevalence rate, this study examined variations in CSHCN prevalence for Hispanic children according to whether parents responded to the National Survey of CSHCN screening interview in Spanish or English. The Spanish translation of the CSHCN Screener was further evaluated through a series of face-to-face interviews with parents with limited English proficiency (LEP). Methods The 2001 National Survey of CSHCN screened 372,174 children ages 0-17 years for special health care needs. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the effects of interview language on the CSHCN prevalence rates for Hispanic children (n = 47,371). Using a standardized protocol, cognitive interviews were conducted in Spanish with 19 LEP parents to elicit their comprehension of and reactions to the screening questions. Results When parents were interviewed in English, 11.7% of Hispanic children were identified as CSHCN. When parents were interviewed in Spanish, 5.1% of Hispanic children were identified as CSHCN. Lower prevalence of the need for or use of prescription medications for chronic conditions made the largest contribution to the observed difference in CSHCN prevalence. Cognitive interviews with parents did not identify any linguistic or cultural deficiencies in the Spanish translation of the CSHCN Screener. Parents did express disinclination toward sharing details of their children's health in the context of a typical telephone survey. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Spanish Interpretat Serv, Private Consultant, Portland, OR USA. RP Read, D (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 707 SW Gaines Rd,Mail Code CDRCP, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM readd@ohsu.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 568 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0207-2 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 226IC UT WOS:000250581700007 PM 17562154 ER PT J AU El Reda, DK Grigorescu, V Posner, SF Davis-Harrier, A AF El Reda, Darline K. Grigorescu, Violanda Posner, Samuel F. Davis-Harrier, Amanda TI Lower rates of preterm birth in women of arab ancestry: An epidemiologic paradox - Michigan, 1993-2002 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preterm; birth outcomes; ancestry; Arab ID PRENATAL-CARE; CHILDBEARING; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; WEIGHT AB Objective: Preterm birth (PTB), < 37 weeks gestation, occurs in 12.1% of live births annually and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Racial/ethnic subgroups are disproportionately affected by PTB. Michigan is home to one of the largest Arab-American communities in the country; however, little is known about PTB in this population. This study examined the maternal demographic profile and risk factors of preterm birth (PTB) among foreign-born and US-born women of Arab ancestry relative to US-born Whites in Michigan. Methods: Using Michigan Vital Statistics data, we examined correlates of PTB for primiparous U. S.-born white (n = 205,749), U.S.-born Arab (n = 1,697), and foreign-born Arab (n = 5,997) women who had had a live-born singleton infant during 1993-2002. We examined variables commonly reported to be associated with PTB, including mother's age and education; insurance type; marital status of parents; receipt of prenatal care; mother's chronic hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco use; and infant sex. Results: Foreign-born Arabs are less educated and more likely to be on Medicaid, and they receive less prenatal care than US-born Whites. Prevalence of PTB was 8.5, 8.0, and 7.5% for US-bornWhites, US-born Arabs, and foreign-born Arabs, respectively. Pregnancy-related hypertension was the only predictor of PTB that these three groups had in common: Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.1 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.99, 2.21), AOR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.24, 5.51), and AOR= 2.6 (95% CI = 1.55, 4.31) for US-born whites, US-born Arabs, and foreign-born Arabs, respectively. Conclusions: Foreign-born Arab women in Michigan have a higher-risk maternal demographic profile than that of their US-born white counterparts; however, their prevalence of PTB is lower, which is consistent with the epidemiologic paradox reported among foreign-born Hispanic women. C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Genom Perinatal Hlth & Chron Dis Epidemiol, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Michigan Publ Hlth Inst, Lansing, MI USA. RP El Reda, DK (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Genom Perinatal Hlth & Chron Dis Epidemiol, 201 Townsend St,POB 30195, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM elredaD@michigan.gov; grigorescuv@michigan.gov; shp5@cdc.gov; aharrier@gmail.com OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0199-y PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 226IC UT WOS:000250581700012 PM 17333385 ER PT J AU O'Connor, RM Wanyiri, JW Cevallos, AM Priest, JW Ward, HD AF O'Connor, Roberta M. Wanyiri, Jane W. Cevallos, Ana Maria Priest, Jeffrey W. Ward, Honorine D. TI Cryptosporidium parvum glycoprotein gp40 localizes to the sporozoite surface by association with gp15 SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; gp40/15 ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MEROZOITES; ANTIGEN; MALARIA; CLONING; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB Cryptosporidium spp. are waterborne apicomplexan parasites responsible for outbreaks of diarrheal disease worldwide. Antigens involved in zoite invasion into host cells have been the focus of many investigations as these may prove to be good vaccine candidates. gp40/15 is a zoite antigen synthesized as a precursor protein and proteolytically cleaved into the mature glycoproteins, gp40 and gpl5. gp15 is anchored in the sporozoite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol moiety, while gp40 is predicted to be soluble. However, gp40 bears epitopes that recognize a host cell receptor. If this interaction is important for zoite invasion, then gp40 must have some mechanism of associating with the parasite membrane. In these studies we demonstrate that gp40 and gp15 co-localize to the surface membrane of sporozoites and merozoites, and co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting that these antigens associate after proteolytic cleavage to generate a protein complex capable of linking zoite and host cell surfaces. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Biol Mol & Biotecnol, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP O'Connor, RM (reprint author), NEMC Box 041,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roconnor@tufts-nemc.org; hward@tufts-nemc.org OI Cevallos, Ana Maria/0000-0002-0753-7420 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI05786]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K01 DK062816-03, P30 DK34928-18, K01 DK062816, P30 DK034928] NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 156 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.010 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 223UZ UT WOS:000250399200009 PM 17719100 ER PT J AU Gugnani, HC Paliwal-Joshi, A Rahman, H Padhye, AA Singh, TSK Das, TK Khanal, B Bajaj, R Rao, S Chukhani, R AF Gugnani, H. C. Paliwal-Joshi, A. Rahman, H. Padhye, A. A. Singh, T. S. K. Das, T. K. Khanal, B. Bajaj, R. Rao, S. Chukhani, R. TI Occurrence of pathogenic fungi in soil of burrows of rats and of other sites in bamboo plantations in India and Nepal SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article DE bamboo plantations; soil; India; Nepal; Pseudallescheria boydii; Scytalidium hyalinum; Trichosporon asteroides; Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes; Penicillium marneffei ID PENICILLIUM-MARNEFFEI; CANNOMYS-BADIUS; MENTAGROPHYTES; DERMATOPHYTES; HOST AB This study examined 215 samples of soil from burrows of rats, other sites in bamboo plantations in different parts of India and Nepal by dilution plating and mouse passage technique for occurrence of Penicillium marneffei and other pathogenic fungi. None of the samples including 25 collected from the burrows of a bamboo rat (Cannomys badius) known to be a carrier of P. marneffei, was positive for the fungus. Among the pathogenic fungi recovered were four isolates of Pseudallescheria boydii (including one from Nepal), two of Trichosporon asteroides, one of Scytalidium hyalinum, 23 isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (including two from Nepal), and two of Microsporum gypseum. Fourteen of the 23 isolates of T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes when tested with the mating types of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii were found to be of the '+' mating type. The frequent recovery of this dermatophyte from soils of bamboo plantations in several parts of India is remarkable. The study also demonstrates for the first time the occurrence of P. boydii and T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes in Nepalese soil. Among the other fungi recovered were several isolates of species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Chrysosporium, Acremonium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Geotrichum, Trichosporon and Rhodotorula. C1 Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, New Delhi 110027, India. ICAR Res Complex Barapani, Umeam, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sikkim Manipal Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Tandong, Sikkim, India. Defence Res Lab, Tezpur, Assam, India. BP Koirala Med Res Inst, Dharan, Nepal. Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Vet, New Delhi, India. Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Manipal, India. Nepal Med Coll, Jorpati, Nepal. RP Gugnani, HC (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, J 3-45,Rajouri Garden, New Delhi 110027, India. EM harishgugnani@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD NOV PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01402.x PG 5 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA 222CV UT WOS:000250274600014 PM 17944715 ER PT J AU Riggs, NR Chou, CP Li, CY Pentz, MA AF Riggs, Nathaniel R. Chou, Chih-Ping Li, Chaoyang Pentz, Mary Ann TI Adolescent to emerging adulthood smoking trajectories: When do smoking trajectories diverge, and do they predict early adulthood nicotine dependence? SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; SMOKERS; PREVALENCE; ADDICTION; CESSATION; SYMPTOMS; TOBACCO; SAMPLE AB This study evaluated the adolescent tobacco-use trajectories that predict nicotine dependence in early adulthood and when these trajectories start to diverge. As part of a follow-up to a large prevention trial, the present study evaluated 1,017 individuals from early adolescence (age 12) to early adulthood (age 28). Participants were recruited from eight middle schools in Kansas City, Missouri. Students were entering 6th grade or 7th grade at baseline. Smoking was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, at annual follow-ups through high school, and every 18 months thereafter until age 28. The study goals were to determine (a) whether distinct weekly tobacco-use trajectories could be identified between early adolescence and emerging adulthood (ages 12-24); (b) when during development these trajectories diverged; and (c) which trajectories could predict nicotine dependence in early adulthood (ages 26-28). A four-trajectory mixed model (abstainers, low users, late stable users, and early stable users) demonstrated the best fit to the data. Membership in increasingly high-use trajectories placed participants at greater relative risk for becoming nicotine dependent than did membership in lower-use trajectories. General linear models showed greater weekly cigarette consumption for early stable users as early as the first wave of data collection (age 12) and significant differences among all other trajectories by age 15. The findings support the implementation of smoking prevention programs early in middle or junior high school and suggest that adolescents who are already smoking at least two cigarettes per week by age 12 may benefit. from additional addiction prevention efforts. C1 Univ So Calif, Inst Prevent Res, Alhambra, CA 91803 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riggs, NR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Prevent Res, 1000 S Fremont Ave,Unit 8, Alhambra, CA 91803 USA. EM nriggs@usc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09492]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA10366-06-A1] NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1080/14622200701648359 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 236WS UT WOS:000251334700011 PM 17978988 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Fekedulegn, D McCall, T Burchfiel, CM Andrew, ME Violanti, JM AF Charles, Luenda E. Fekedulegn, Desta McCall, Terika Burchfiel, Cecil M. Andrew, Michael E. Violanti, John M. TI Obesity, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts among police officers SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE central obesity; adiposity; BMI; epidemiology; hematology ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATION; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; FAT DISTRIBUTION; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-LOSS; MEN AB Objective: To determine the association between several obesity indices (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, and abdominal height) and hematologic parameters [white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts] among police officers. Research Methods and Procedures: The authors conducted this cross-sectional study among 104 randomly selected officers (41 women and 63 men) from the Buffalo, NY, Police Department. Anthropometric measures were performed by clinic staff, and fasting blood samples were drawn for complete blood counts. Pearson's correlation, Student's t tests, ANOVA, analysis of covariance, and linear regression were used to assess the associations. Results: Officers ranged in age from 26 to 61 years old and were predominantly white. Among women, current smokers had significantly higher WBC counts (7.4 X 10(3) cells/mu L +/- 1.4) than former (5.2 X 10(3) cells/mu L +/- 1.4) or never smokers (5.6 x 10(3) cells/mu L +/- 1.5) (p = 0.002). Women had similar WBC counts but higher mean platelet counts than men (p = 0.005). Among women, abdominal height was positively associated with platelet count after adjustment for depression (p for trend = 0.039). Among women and men, a non-significant step-wise trend was observed between abdominal height and mean WBC counts before and after adjustment for smoking, race, and physical activity. No association was observed between obesity and platelet count among men. Discussion: Abdominal height was significantly associated with increased platelet counts among female officers. No significant associations were observed between obesity and WBC or platelet counts among male officers. C1 [Charles, Luenda E.; Fekedulegn, Desta; Burchfiel, Cecil M.; Andrew, Michael E.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Violanti, John M.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU PHS HHS [HELD01B0088] NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1930-7381 EI 1930-739X J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2007 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2846 EP 2854 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.338 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 243EX UT WOS:000251779000039 PM 18070777 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Bhatnagar, J Reagan, S Zane, SB D'Angeli, MA Fischer, M Killgore, G Kwan-Gett, TS Blossom, DB Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Jernigan, J Duchin, JS Zaki, S McDonald, LC AF Cohen, Adam L. Bhatnagar, Jufulu Reagan, Sarah Zane, Suzanne B. D'Angeli, Marisa A. Fischer, Marc Killgore, George Kwan-Gett, Tao Sheng Blossom, David B. Shieh, Wun-Ju Guarner, Jeannette Jernigan, John Duchin, Jeffrey S. Zaki, Sherif R. McDonald, L. Clifford TI Toxic shock associated with Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium perfringens after medical and spontaneous abortion SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; POSTPARTUM; WELCHII; SEPSIS; SEPTICEMIA; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; CERVIX; FLORA; PCR AB Objective: To better understand the risk of fatal toxic shock caused by Clostridium sordellii in women who had a recent medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Methods: We performed active and passive surveillance for cases of toxic shock associated with medical or spontaneous abortion. To identify the cause of toxic shock, immunohistochemical assays for multiple bacteria were performed on formalin-fixed surgical and autopsy tissues. We extracted DNA from tissues, performed Clostridium species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays, and sequenced amplified products for confirmation of Clostridium species. Results: We report four patients with toxic shock associated with Clostridium species infection after medical or spontaneous abortion. Two women had fatal Clostridium perfringens infections after medically induced abortions: one with laminaria and misoprostol and one with the regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol. One woman had a nonfatal Clostridium sordellii infection after spontaneous abortion. Another woman had a fatal C sordellii infection after abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. All four patients had a rapidly progressive illness with necrotizing endomyometritis. CONCLUSION: Toxic shock after abortion can be caused by C perfringens as well as C sordellii, can be nonfatal, and can occur after spontaneous abortion and abortion induced by medical regimens other than mifepristone and misoprostol. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Washington, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual, Prevent & Response Branch, Off Workforce & Career Dev,Epidem Intelligence Se, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ALCohen1@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1033 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000287291.19230.ba PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 223HM UT WOS:000250360800013 PM 17978116 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, P. A. TI The contributions of genetics and genomics to occupational safety and health SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WORKERS; RISK; CANCER; HUMANS C1 NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 64 IS 11 BP 717 EP 718 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.030619 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222RO UT WOS:000250314900001 PM 17951339 ER PT J AU Person, B Bartholomew, LK Addiss, D van den Borne, B AF Person, Bobbie Bartholomew, L. Kay Addiss, David van den Borne, Bart TI Disrupted social connectedness among Dominican women with chronic filarial lymphedema SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; lymphedema; women; social support ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; HEALTH; SUPPORT; STRESS; INDIA; COMMUNITIES; PERCEPTIONS; DISEASE AB Objective: The objectives of this paper were to identify specific factors associated with intact or disrupted social connectedness among Dominican women with chronic filarial lymphedema and better understand the impact of disrupted connectedness on their lives. Methods: Data were collected through 28 individual interviews and 3 focus group discussions of 28 women from filariasis-endemic areas of the Dominican Republic presenting with lymphedema of one or both legs. Results: The confluence of chronic and acute stressors with severity of lymphedema lead women to rely on others for social support. Women described complications of aging, disability, reduced social networks, and inability to adhere to cultural scripts as contributing to disrupted social connectedness. Conclusion: Social disconnectedness appears to exacerbate the negative consequences of living with lymphedema among women. Social connectedness and cultural scripts often define a social role for women that transcend physical deformity and disability, while disrupted social connectedness contributes to social isolation, depressive symptoms, and poor health outcomes. Practice implications: Further behavioral research into the contribution of intact social connectedness to resiliency and coping is warranted in order to develop effective interventions for women. Identifying women with disrupted social connectedness and engaging them in behavioral interventions to enhance natural social networks and create new or enhanced social support opportunities may mitigate the negative effects of social disconnectedness and improve quality of life. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. Fetzer Inst, Kalamazoo, MI USA. Univ Maastricht, CL Undenhout, Netherlands. RP Person, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bep2@cdc.gov; Leona.K.Bartholomew@uth.tmc.edu; daddiss@fetzer.org; b.vdborne@gvo.unimaas.nl FU PHS HHS [G401R103] NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 68 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.015 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 229KY UT WOS:000250803100011 PM 17707609 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Holman, RC Yorita, KL Holve, S Paisano, EL Steiner, CA Glass, RI Cheek, JE AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Holman, Robert C. Yorita, Krista L. Holve, Steve Paisano, Edna L. Steiner, Claudia A. Glass, Roger I. Cheek, James E. TI Diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits among American Indian and Alaska native children younger than five years of age, 2000-2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; gastroenteritis; diarrhea; American Indian; Alaska Native; hospitalizations; outpatient visits; epidemiology; children; infants ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; UNITED-STATES; ROTAVIRUS; TRENDS; POPULATION; INFANTS; CANADA; COST AB Background: Diarrhea accounts for many hospitalizations and outpatient clinic visits among children. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced a greater infectious disease burden compared with the general U.S. population of children, although diarrhea-associated hospitalization rates have declined among AI/AN children. Methods: Hospital discharge and outpatient visit records with a diagnosis indicating a diarrhea-associated diagnosis were evaluated for AI/AN children <5 years of age, using the 2000-2004 Indian Health Service Direct and Contract Health Service Inpatient Data and outpatient visit data from the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System, and for the general U.S. population of children <5 years of age using the Kids' Inpatient Database for 2003 and National Ambulatory data for 2000-2004. Results: For 2000-2004, the diarrhea-associated hospitalization rate was similar for AI/AN children and U.S. children <5 years of age (65.9 and 79.3 of 10,000, respectively), but the rate among AI/AN infants was nearly twice the rate among U.S. infants (262.6 and 154.7 of 10,000, respectively). The rate of diarrhea-associated outpatient visits among AI/AN children was higher than for U.S. children (2255.4 versus 1647.9 of 10,000, respectively), as a result of the high rate among AI/AN infants compared with U.S. infants (6103.5 and 2956.3 of 10,000, respectively). Conclusions: Although the diarrhea-associated hospitalization rate in AI/AN children <5 years old has declined to levels comparable with that of all U.S. children, the rate for AI/AN in infants remains higher than for U.S. infants. The diarrhea-associated outpatient visit rate for AI/AN children was higher than for U.S. children. Ongoing evaluation of hospitalization and outpatient data is important to understand the impact of rotavirus vaccine among AI/AN children. C1 USDHHS, CDC, CCID, AIP, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. USDHHS, CDC, CCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tuba City Reg Hlth Corp, Pediat Unit, Tuba City, AZ USA. USDHHS, Div Program Stat, Off Publ Hlth Support, Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. USDHHS, Ctr Delivery, Org & Markets Agcy Healthcare Res Delivery, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDHHS, IHS, OPHS, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), USDHHS, CDC, CCID, AIP, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1006 EP 1013 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181256595 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 229QE UT WOS:000250818300006 PM 17984807 ER PT J AU Tanaka, G Faruque, ASG Luby, SP Malek, MA Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Tanaka, Go Faruque, A. S. G. Luby, Stephen P. Malek, M. A. Glass, Roger I. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Deaths from rotavirus disease in Bangladeshi children - Estimates from hospital-based surveillance SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; Bangladeshi children; hospital-based surveillance; ICDDR,B; vaccine ID VACCINES; DIARRHEA AB Background: To assess the potential health benefits of introducing new rotavirus (RV) vaccines, we estimated mortality from RV gastroenteritis in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age. Methods: We examined data from ongoing diarrhea surveillance in a systematic 2% sample (4% until 1995) of patients visiting the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka Hospital during 1993-2004 and all patients visiting the rural Matlab Hospital during 2000-2004. To estimate deaths from RV, we multiplied the proportion of diarrhea visits attributable to RV with 2004 estimates of diarrhea deaths in Bangladeshi children. Results: At Dhaka Hospital, RV was detected in 33% of 18,300 children with diarrhea. The proportion of diarrhea attributable to RV nearly doubled during 2002-2004 compared with 1993-1995 (42% versus 22%, P < 0.001). At Matlab Hospital, RV was detected in 35% of 4597 children with diarrhea. At both sites, most RV cases were among children age 3-24 months and the number of cases peaked during the cool and dry months from December through February. Of the 325,600 deaths among children <5 years that occur each year, we estimated 5600 to 9400 (2-3%) were attributable to RV. Thus, between 1 in 390 and 1 in 660 children born in Bangladesh each year die of RV infection by age 5. Conclusions: These data clearly demonstrate the tremendous health burden of RV gastroenteritis. The increasing proportion of severe diarrhea cases underscores the need for specific interventions against RV, such as vaccines, to further reduce diarrhea mortality and morbidity. C1 Gifu Prefectural Govt, Director Publ Hlth, Gifu 5008570, Japan. Gifu Prefectural Govt, Med Treatment Div, Gifu 5008570, Japan. Emory Univ, RSPH, HDGH, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo 113, Japan. ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tanaka, G (reprint author), Gifu Prefectural Govt, Director Publ Hlth, 2-1-1 Yabuta Minami, Gifu 5008570, Japan. EM tanaka@umin.ac.jp NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1014 EP 1018 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318125721c PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 229QE UT WOS:000250818300007 PM 17984808 ER PT J AU Panozzo, CA Fowlkes, AL Anderson, LJ AF Panozzo, Catherine A. Fowlkes, Ashley L. Anderson, Larry J. TI Variation in timing of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks - Lessons from national surveillance SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance; system; immune prophylaxis; palivizumab; antigen detection; RSV seasonality ID CIRCULATION PATTERNS; GROUP-A; RSV; COMMUNITY AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children. Immune prophylaxis can reduce the risk of severe RSV disease among some high-risk infants. A summary and update of analyses using National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) data is provided to explore using surveillance data to better define the timing of RSV activity and RSV immune prophylaxis. The methodology used was that outlined in a study by Mullins et al (Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:857-862), which analyzed weekly antigen detection data reported by laboratories to NREVSS. Data reported to NREVSS between 1990 and 2006 were used to assess seasonality among regional, state, and local areas. Season onset, offset, and duration were calculated for each year and each laboratory, and compared with the U.S. Census region and national median measurements. Results demonstrated a distinct winter peak of RSV activity each year. The extent of variation in the timing of RSV activity in a community from year to year makes it difficult to predict the timing of RSV outbreaks. In addition, the onset timing can vary between communities, even those in close proximity, during the same year. There are, however, regional community patterns that may help guide timing of immune prophylaxis. For example, the South region exhibited an earlier median season onset and longer duration than the other regions, with median onset week 47 and duration 16 weeks. In contrast, the Midwest exhibited a significantly later median onset and shorter duration than the other regions, with median onset week 1 of the following year and duration 13 weeks. Therefore, analyses of NREVSS data show that using surveillance data to tailor the timing of immune prophylaxis precisely will be difficult. Surveillance data can, however, be used to determine how well national patterns represent local patterns. Further analyses are needed to determine how local surveillance data can be used to guide timing of immune prophylaxis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, NCIRD, CoCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, NCIRD, CoCID, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lja2@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 SU S BP S41 EP S45 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318157da82 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 230ZK UT WOS:000250915100004 PM 18090199 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Bruden, D Bulkow, LR AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Bruden, Dana Bulkow, Lisa R. TI Respiratory syncytial virus season and hospitalizations in the Alaskan Yukon-Kuskokwim delta SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; RSV bronchiolitis; palivizumab prophylaxis; LRTI hospitalization; RSV seasonality ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; NATIVE CHILDREN; US CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; INFANTS; PALIVIZUMAB; PROPHYLAXIS; POPULATION AB From 1993 to 1996, Alaska Native infants younger than I year of age from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region in Alaska experienced a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rate 5 times higher than the U.S. general infant population rate. This article describes the trends in hospitalization and prolonged annual season of RSV hospitalizations in Yukon-Kuskokwim children from 1993 to 2004 and discusses factors associated with high rates of RSV hospitalization and the impact of interventions to decrease RSV hospitalizations in this population. C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infectious, Arctic Investigat Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Investigat Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 SU S BP S46 EP S50 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318157da9b PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 230ZK UT WOS:000250915100005 PM 18090200 ER PT J AU Binns, HJ Campbell, C Brown, MJ AF Binns, Helen J. Campbell, Carla Brown, Mary Jean CA Advisory Comm Childhood Lead Poiso TI Interpreting and managing blood lead levels of less than 10 mu g/dL in children and reducing childhood exposure to lead: Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advisory committee on childhood lead poisoning prevention SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE blood lead levels; lead poisoning; screening; prevention ID CONTROL GRANT PROGRAM; SUBURBAN PEDIATRIC PRACTICES; CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; PAINT HAZARD CONTROL; PORT-PIRIE COHORT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; SOIL LEAD; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT AB Lead is a common environmental contaminant. Lead exposure is a preventable risk that exists in all areas of the United States. In children, lead is associated with impaired cognitive, motor, behavioral, and physical abilities. In 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defined the blood lead level that should prompt public health actions as 10 mu g/dL. Concurrently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also recognized that a blood lead level of 10 mu g/dL did not define a threshold for the harmful effects of lead. Research conducted since 1991 has strengthened the evidence that children's physical and mental development can be affected at blood lead levels of <10 mu g/dL. In this report we provide information to help clinicians understand blood lead levels <10 mu g/dL, identify gaps in knowledge concerning lead levels in this range, and outline strategies to reduce childhood exposures to lead. We also summarize scientific data relevant to counseling, blood lead screening, and lead-exposure risk assessment. To aid in the interpretation of blood lead levels, clinicians should understand the laboratory error range for blood lead values and, if possible, select a laboratory that achieves routine performance within +/-2 mu g/dL. Clinicians should obtain an environmental history on all children they examine, provide families with lead-prevention counseling, and follow blood lead screening recommendations established for their areas. As circumstances permit, clinicians should consider referral to developmental programs for children at high risk for exposure to lead and more frequent rescreening of children with blood lead levels approaching 10 mu g/dL. In addition, clinicians should direct parents to agencies and sources of information that will help them establish a lead-safe environment for their children. For these preventive strategies to succeed, partnerships between health care providers, families, and local public health and housing programs should be strengthened. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Environm & Emergency Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Binns, HJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Environm & Emergency Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbrown6@cdc.gov NR 126 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 120 IS 5 BP E1285 EP E1298 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1770 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 226WJ UT WOS:000250618900064 PM 17974722 ER PT J AU Molinari, NAM Kolasa, M Messonnier, ML Schieber, RA AF Molinari, Noeelle-Angellique M. Kolasa, Maureen Messonnier, Mark L. Schieber, Richard A. TI Out-of-pocket costs of childhood immunizations: A comparison by type of insurance plan SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization; out-of-pocket costs; insurance ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; CHILDREN; CARE; COVERAGE; ACCESS; INCOME AB BACKGROUND. The "Guide to Community Preventive Services" strongly recommends reducing out-of-pocket costs to increase vaccination rates among children. Nevertheless, out-of-pocket expenses are still incurred during the receipt of childhood vaccines, vaccine administration, and associated well-child visits. OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to estimate total and out-of-pocket costs of childhood immunization. METHODS. We used the 2003 benefit-plan data for all 1217 private and public health plans registered in Georgia and the 2003 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended vaccine schedule to calculate costs to vaccinate children aged 0 to 5 years in 2003 dollars. By applying published estimates of health insurance enrollment of Georgia children, we calculated the total and out-of-pocket costs per child according to insurance status and race/ethnicity. Immunization coverage according to payer type was based on National Immunization Survey data. RESULTS. Out-of-pocket costs ranged between $0 (Medicaid/Peachcare) and $652 (uninsured/Medicare). Most out-of-pocket costs were incurred during the first year of life. Up-to-date immunization status ranged from 63.7% for uninsured persons to 83.2% for privately insured persons. Up-to-date status was negatively correlated with out-of-pocket costs and the proportion of the population below 250% of the federal poverty level. CONCLUSIONS. For most Georgia families, out-of-pocket expenses for childhood immunizations were low, favoring compliance with the recommended immunization schedule. However, families least able to afford the expense faced disproportionately high out-of-pocket costs. Out-of-pocket costs were inversely correlated with immunization coverage levels. Uninsured children whose families lived below 250% of the federal poverty level experienced the lowest immunization coverage levels. Immunization coverage through the Vaccines for Children Program and Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Programs should be promoted to minimize or eliminate out-of-pocket costs related to childhood immunizations, especially among children of low-income families. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Molinari, NAM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nmolinari@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 120 IS 5 BP E1148 EP E1156 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3654 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 226WJ UT WOS:000250618900047 PM 17974710 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Nuorti, JP Singleton, JA Zhao, Z Wolter, KM AF Smith, Philip J. Nuorti, J. Pekka Singleton, James A. Zhao, Zhen Wolter, Kirk M. TI Effect of vaccine shortages on timeliness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: Results from the 2001-2005 National Immunization Survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE childhood immunization; surveillance and; monitoring ID COVERAGE; CHILDREN; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND. In September 2001 and again in February 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced shortages in the supply of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. We describe the effects of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortages in 2001-2003 and 2004 on the timeliness of vaccination uptake for quarterly birth cohorts affected by the shortages. METHODS. A total of 102 478 19- to 35-month-old children were sampled by the National Immunization Survey between 2001 and 2005. Provider-reported vaccination histories were used to evaluate whether children had been administered >= 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 16 months of age. RESULTS. Among successive birth cohorts affected by the first shortage, estimated coverage of >= 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 16 months declined significantly from 28.8% to 18.2%. As the first shortage ended, estimated coverage of >= 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 16 months increased steadily with each successive birth cohort to 40.2%. From the onset of the second shortage, estimated coverage of >= 4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 16 months declined steadily and significantly to 13.7%. As many as 27% of parents whose child was affected by the first shortage reported that their child's vaccination provider had delayed the administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine doses. Of those parents who said that a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dose was delayed and whose child was not administered >= 4 doses, 2.9% received a reminder notice from the provider to schedule administration of those delayed doses, and 0.2% had an appointment to receive those delayed or missed doses. CONCLUSIONS. Vaccine shortages can result in delayed or missed doses and can have a dramatic impact on the vaccine coverage of children. Vaccination providers need to communicate effectively with parents so that doses that are delayed or missed during a vaccine shortage are administered when the shortage is resolved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pzs6@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 120 IS 5 BP E1165 EP E1173 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0037 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 226WJ UT WOS:000250618900049 PM 17974712 ER PT J AU Mitnick, CD Castro, KG Harrington, M Sacks, LV Burman, W AF Mitnick, Carole D. Castro, Kenneth G. Harrington, Mark Sacks, Leonard V. Burman, William TI Randomized trials to optimize treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; COHORT; SURVEILLANCE; FEASIBILITY; EFFICACY; REGIMEN; PERU; TB C1 [Mitnick, Carole D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Harrington, Mark] Treatment Act Grp, New York, NY USA. [Sacks, Leonard V.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Burman, William] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Burman, William] Denver Publ Hlth Sch, Denver, CO USA. [Castro, Kenneth G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mitnick, CD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM carole_mitnick@hms.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1730 EP 1734 AR e292 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040292 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 244OE UT WOS:000251874400009 PM 17988168 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, A Ali, AS Kachur, SP Martensson, A Abbas, AK Khatib, R Al-Mafazy, AW Ramsan, M Rotllant, G Gerstenmaier, JF Molteni, F Abdulla, S Montgomery, SM Kaneko, A Bjorkman, A AF Bhattarai, Achuyt Ali, Abdullah S. Kachur, S. Patrick Martensson, Andreas Abbas, Ali K. Khatib, Rashid Al-Mafazy, Abdul-wahiyd Ramsan, Mahdi Rotllant, Guida Gerstenmaier, Jan F. Molteni, Fabrizio Abdulla, Salim Montgomery, Scott M. Kaneko, Akira Bjorkman, Anders TI Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; TANZANIA AB Background The Roll Back Malaria strategy recommends a combination of interventions for malaria control. Zanzibar implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy ( ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in late 2003 and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) from early 2006. ACT is provided free of charge to all malaria patients, while LLINs are distributed free to children under age 5 y ("under five'') and pregnant women. We investigated temporal trends in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence and malaria-related health parameters following the implementation of these two malaria control interventions in Zanzibar. Methods and Findings Cross-sectional clinical and parasitological surveys in children under the age of 14 y were conducted in North A District in May 2003, 2005, and 2006. Survey data were analyzed in a logistic regression model and adjusted for complex sampling design and potential confounders. Records from all 13 public health facilities in North A District were analyzed for malaria-related outpatient visits and admissions. Mortality and demographic data were obtained from District Commissioner's Office. P. falciparum prevalence decreased in children under five between 2003 and 2006; using 2003 as the reference year, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were, for 2005, 0.55 (0.28-1.08), and for 2006, 0.03 (0.00-0.27); p for trend < 0.001. Between 2002 and 2005 crude under-five, infant ( under age 1 y), and child ( aged 1-4 y) mortality decreased by 52%, 33%, and 71%, respectively. Similarly, malaria-related admissions, blood transfusions, and malaria-attributed mortality decreased significantly by 77%, 67% and 75%, respectively, between 2002 and 2005 in children under five. Climatic conditions favorable for malaria transmission persisted throughout the observational period. Conclusions Following deployment of ACT in Zanzibar 2003, malaria-associated morbidity and mortality decreased dramatically within two years. Additional distribution of LLINs in early 2006 resulted in a 10-fold reduction of malaria parasite prevalence. The results indicate that the Millennium Development Goals of reducing mortality in children under five and alleviating the burden of malaria are achievable in tropical Africa with high coverage of combined malaria control interventions. C1 [Ali, Abdullah S.; Abbas, Ali K.; Al-Mafazy, Abdul-wahiyd] Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kachur, S. Patrick; Khatib, Rashid; Abdulla, Salim] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Martensson, Andreas] Kulbergska Hosp, Dept Med, Emergency Med Unit, Katrineholm, Sweden. [Ramsan, Mahdi] Res Triangle Inst, Int Dev Grp, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Gerstenmaier, Jan F.] So Gen Hosp, Dept Accid & Emergency, Glasgow G51 4TF, Lanark, Scotland. [Molteni, Fabrizio] Italian Cooperat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Montgomery, Scott M.] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Montgomery, Scott M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Orebro, Sweden. [Bhattarai, Achuyt; Martensson, Andreas; Rotllant, Guida; Kaneko, Akira; Bjorkman, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bhattarai, A (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. EM achuyt.bhattarai@ki.se RI Bhattarai, Achuyt/B-8760-2008; OI Bhattarai, Achuyt/0000-0002-0514-4850; , Akira/0000-0003-2411-3352; Montgomery, Scott/0000-0001-6328-5494 NR 17 TC 325 Z9 332 U1 2 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1784 EP 1790 AR e309 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040309 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 244OE UT WOS:000251874400015 PM 17988171 ER PT J AU Brueggemann, AB Pai, R Crook, DW Beall, B AF Brueggemann, Angela B. Pai, Rekha Crook, Derrick W. Beall, Bernard TI Vaccine escape recombinants emerge after pneumococcal vaccination in the united states SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INVASIVE-DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; NONVACCINE SEROTYPES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CHILDREN; CEPHALOSPORINS; DETERMINANTS AB The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the United States ( US) in 2000 and has significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease; however, the incidence of nonvaccine serotype invasive disease, particularly due to serotype 19A, has increased. The serotype 19A increase can be explained in part by expansion of a genotype that has been circulating in the US prior to vaccine implementation ( and other countries since at least 1990), but also by the emergence of a novel "vaccine escape recombinant" pneumococcal strain. This strain has a genotype that previously was only associated with vaccine serotype 4, but now expresses a nonvaccine serotype 19A capsule. Based on prior evidence for capsular switching by recombination at the capsular locus, the genetic event that resulted in this novel serotype/genotype combination might be identifiable from the DNA sequence of individual pneumococcal strains. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the putative recombinational event(s) at the capsular locus that resulted in the change from a vaccine to a nonvaccine capsular type. Sequencing the capsular locus flanking regions of 51 vaccine escape ( progeny), recipient, and putative donor pneumococci revealed a 39 kb recombinational fragment, which included the capsular locus, flanking regions, and two adjacent penicillin-binding proteins, and thus resulted in a capsular switch and penicillin nonsusceptibility in a single genetic event. Since 2003, 37 such vaccine escape strains have been detected, some of which had evolved further. Furthermore, two new types of serotype 19A vaccine escape strains emerged in 2005. To our knowledge, this is the first time a single recombinational event has been documented in vivo that resulted in both a change of serotype and penicillin nonsusceptibility. Vaccine escape by genetic recombination at the capsular locus has the potential to reduce PCV7 effectiveness in the longer term. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Lab Sci, Oxford, England. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brueggemann, AB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM angela.brueggemann@zoo.ox.ac.uk OI Brueggemann, Angela/0000-0002-2329-1934 NR 42 TC 190 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1628 EP 1636 AR e168 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030168 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 236NS UT WOS:000251310300009 PM 18020702 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cheng, YJ Narayan, KMV Thompson, TJ Williamson, DF AF Gregg, Edward W. Cheng, Yiling J. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Thompson, Theodore J. Williamson, David F. TI The relative contributions of different levels of overweight and obesity to the increased prevalence of diabetes in the United States: 1976-2004 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; prevalence; obesity ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; US ADULTS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FASTING GLUCOSE; WEIGHT-GAIN; POPULATION; PREVENTION; MELLITUS AB Background. Policy makers are divided on whether to focus public health efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes on subpopulations at high risk or on the entire population. We examined the extent to which increases in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity have contributed to the increase in diabetes prevalence among U.S. adults between 1976-1980 and 1999-2004, Methods. Using assembled data of 37,606 U.S. adults aged 20 to 74 years from 3 consecutive U.S. national surveys (NHANES 11, 111, and NHANES 1999-2004), we compared the body mass index distributions among prevalent diabetes cases over time and divided changes in prevalence of 5 diabetes-body mass index categories by changes in the diabetes prevalence observed in the total population. Results. Prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 20 to 74 increased from 5.08% in 1976-1980 to 8.83% in 1999-2004. Of the 3.75 additional cases per hundred that existed in 1999-2004 as compared to 1976-1980, we estimated that -8% were among persons of normal or below normal weight (body mass index < 25); 27% were among those who were overweight (body mass index 25 to 30); and 32%, 23%, and 26% among those with class I (body mass index 30 to 35), class 11 (body mass index 35 to 40), and class III obesity (body mass index > 40), respectively. Thus, of the additional prevalent diabetes cases that existed in 1999-2004 as compared to 1976-1980, 8 1% were obese (i.e. body mass index > 30) and 49% had class 11 or III obesity (body mass index > 35), a group that increased in prevalence from 4% to 13% of the overall adult population. Conclusions. The increases in diabetes prevalence over recent decades have been disproportionately comprised of persons with extreme levels of obesity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gregg, Edward W.; Cheng, Yiling J.; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Thompson, Theodore J.; Williamson, David F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 348 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.020 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 240BW UT WOS:000251563000008 PM 17889292 ER PT J AU Pearson, WS AF Pearson, William S. TI Ten-year comparison of estimates of overweight and obesity, diagnosed diabetes and use of office-based physician services for treatment of diabetes in the United States SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; overweight; obesity; trends ID HEALTH-CARE; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; ADULTS; COSTS; RISK AB Objective. To compare trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, diagnosed diabetes and numbers of visits to office-based physicians for diabetes care. Research design and methods. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1995-2004) were used to compare trends among adults aged 18 years and older for overweight, obesity and visits made to office-based physicians where diabetes was the primary diagnosis. Estimates for overweight and obesity and office visits were made for each year. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by nearly 24%. The prevalence of diabetes increased by approximately 76%. The numbers of visits to office-based physicians where diabetes was the primary diagnosis have more than doubled. The average age among adults, who were overweight or obese, was 46.9 years compared to 60.1 years for those seeking care for a diabetes-related issue from an office-based physician. Conclusions. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity increases, the incidence of diabetes will increase along with the demand for treatment of diabetes later in life. It is imperative to promote population-based programs for reducing overweight and obesity at younger ages in order to reduce the morbidity, mortality and economic cost of the disease as the population ages. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pearson, William S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pearson, WS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wpearson@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.018 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 240BW UT WOS:000251563000009 PM 17707497 ER PT J AU Ching, PLYH AF Ching, Pamela L. Y. H. TI Evaluating accountability in the Vaccines for Children program: Protecting a federal investment SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLINICS AB The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program supplies health-care providers with federally purchased vaccines at no cost for administration to eligible children. Evaluation of vaccine accountability activities ensures appropriate and timely vaccinations are delivered. Program grantees in 50 states, Washington, five large U.S. metropolitan cities, and five U.S. territories and possessions completed a Web-based survey between December 2002 and January 2003 focused on current vaccine accountability operational systems. Most grantees required providers to complete profiles describing the vaccination needs and demographics of their practices. More than half requested providers use benchmarking data, doses-administered reports, and/or claims or encounter data to determine their VFC program-eligible population size; however, >65% did not have written procedures for investigating and reconciling discrepancies between estimated vaccine needs and actual vaccine-use data. Most grantees had written standard policies requiring providers to report vaccine loss and wastage routinely and to explain why they occurred. Ninety percent of grantees did not have procedures to check providers for fraud and abuse sanctions, and 52% did not have written procedures to address complaints of vaccine fraud and abuse. These results suggested specific areas in which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should work with grantees to improve vaccine accountability practices. As a result, enhancements to the VFC program are being implemented to address these areas and their impact evaluated for their effectiveness in ensuring the continued success of the VFC program in protecting the nation's most vulnerable children and adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ching, PLYH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PChing@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 718 EP 724 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220MJ UT WOS:000250160500004 PM 18051664 ER PT J AU O'Neil, ME Mack, KA Gilchrist, J AF O'Neil, Mary Elizabeth Mack, Karin Ann Gilchrist, Julie TI Epidemiology of non-canine bite and sting injuries treated in US emergency departments, 2001-2004 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RECLUSE SPIDER BITES; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; ENVENOMATION; ANAPHYLAXIS; VISITS; SNAKEBITE; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; ATTACKS AB Objectives. This study was conducted to estimate the burden of non-canine-related bite and sting injuries in the U.S.; describe the affected population, injury severity, and bite or sting source; and provide considerations for prevention strategies. Methods. Data were from the 2001 through 2004 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) (a stratified probability sample of U.S. hospitals). Records included information about age, body part affected, cause, diagnosis, disposition, and gender. Narrative descriptions were coded for the source of the bite or sting. Results. Between 2001 and 2004, an estimated 3.6 million people were treated in emergency departments for injuries related to non-canine bites and stings. Results detail the reported sources of the bite or sting, and examine sources by gender and age group. Common sources included bees (162,000 cases annually), spiders (123,000 cases annually), and cats (66,000 cases annually). Female adults were more likely than male adults to be treated for cat bites. Although rare, of the known venomous snakebites, more than half (58.4%) of the patients were hospitalized. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the public health burden of non-caninerelated bite and sting injuries. More than 900,000 people were treated in emergency departments annually for non-canine bite or sting injuries, or roughly 1.7 injuries per minute. Treatment consumes substantial health-care resources. While preventing these injuries should be the first line of defense, resources could be conserved by educating the public about immediate first aid and when warning signs and symptoms indicate the need for professional or emergency care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Bufford Hwy NE,MS-K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KMack@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 764 EP 775 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220MJ UT WOS:000250160500009 PM 18051669 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, D Wenck, MA Belflower, A Drociuk, D Ferdinands, J AF Van Sickle, David Wenck, Mary Anne Belflower, Amy Drociuk, Dan Ferdinands, Jill TI Panel classification of self-reported exposure histories: A useful exposure index after a mass-casualty event SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EVACUATION DECISIONS; AIR; AGREEMENT; OUTDOOR; INDOOR AB Objective. Although rapid epidemiologic investigations of toxic exposures require estimates of individual exposure levels, objective measures of exposure are often unavailable. We investigated whether self-reported exposure histories, when reviewed and classified by a panel of raters, provided a useful exposure metric. Methods. A panel reviewed exposure histories as reported by people who experienced a chlorine release. The panelists received no information about health-care requirements or specific health effects. To each exposure case, each panelist assigned one of five possible exposure severity ratings. When assigned ratings were not in initial agreement, the panelists discussed the case and assigned a consensus rating. Percent agreement and kappa statistics assessed agreement among panelists, Kendall's W measured agreement among panelists in their overall ordering of the exposure histories, and Spearman's rho compared the resultant rankings with individual health outcome. Results. In 48% of the cases, the panelists' initial ratings agreed completely. Overall, initial ratings for a given case matched the consensus rating 69% to 89% of the time. Pair-wise comparisons revealed 85% to 95% agreement among panelists, with weighted kappa statistics between 0.69 and 0.83. In their overall ranking of the exposure histories, the panelists reached significant agreement (W=0.90, p<0.0001). Disagreement arose most frequently regarding probable chlorine concentration and duration of exposure. This disagreement was most common when panelists differentiated between adjacent categories of intermediate exposure. Panel-assigned exposure ratings significantly correlated with health outcome (Spearman's rho=0.56; p<0.0001). Conclusion. Epidemiologists and public health practitioners can elicit and review self-reported exposure histories and assign exposure severity ratings that predict medical outcome. When objective markers of exposure are unavailable, panel-assigned exposure ratings may be useful for rapid epidemiologic investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Acute Dis Epidemiol, Columbia, SC USA. RP Van Sickle, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, 610 Walnut St,707 WARF, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM vansickle@wisc.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 776 EP 783 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220MJ UT WOS:000250160500010 PM 18051670 ER PT J AU Wenck, MA Van Sickle, D Drociuk, D Belflower, A Youngblood, C Whisnant, MD Taylor, R Rudnick, V Gibson, JJ AF Wenck, Mary Anne Van Sickle, David Drociuk, Daniel Belflower, Amy Youngblood, Claire David Whisnant, M. Taylor, Richard Rudnick, Veleta Gibson, James J. TI Rapid assessment of exposure to chlorine released from a train derailment and resulting health impact SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. After a train derailment released approximately 60 tons of chlorine from a ruptured tanker car, a multiagency team performed a rapid assessment of the health impact to determine morbidity caused by the chlorine and evaluate the effect of this mass-casualty event on health-care facilities. Methods. A case was defined as death or illness related to chlorine exposure. Investigators gathered information on exposure, treatment received, and outcome through patient questionnaires and medical record review. An exposure severity rating was assigned to each patient based on description of exposure, distance from derailment, and duration of exposure. A case involving death or hospitalization >= 3 nights was classified as a severe medical outcome. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with severe medical outcomes. Results. Nine people died, 72 were hospitalized in nine hospitals, and 525 were examined as outpatients. Fifty-one people (8%) had a severe medical outcome. Of 263 emergency department visits within 24 hours of the incident, 146 (56%) were in Augusta, Georgia; at least 95 patients arrived at facilities in privately owned vehicles. Patients with moderate-to-extreme exposure were more likely to experience a severe medical outcome (relative risk: 15.2; 95% confidence interval 4.8, 47.8) than those with a lower rating. Conclusions. The rapid investigation revealed significant morbidity and mortality associated with an accidental release of chlorine gas. Key findings that should be addressed during facility, community, state, and regional mass-casualty planning include self-transport of symptomatic people for medical care and impact on health-care facilities over a wide geographic area. C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Acute Dis Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Biostat, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Dis Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Drociuk, D (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Acute Dis Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM drociukd@dhec.sc.gov NR 9 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 784 EP 792 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220MJ UT WOS:000250160500011 PM 18051671 ER PT J AU Diehr, P Derleth, A Newman, AB Cai, L AF Diehr, Paula Derleth, Ann Newman, Anne B. Cai, Liming TI The number of sick persons in a cohort SO RESEARCH ON AGING LA English DT Article DE self-rated health; equilibrium; health state; projection; older adults; medicare ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OLDER PERSONS; DISABILITY; LONGEVITY; EXPECTANCY; COMMUNITY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB Planning for future health needs of older adults requires a better understanding of the trajectories of health and sickness with age. The authors calculated the number of sick persons over time in a "research" cohort of older adults followed for up to 14 years, and also in a synthetic birth cohort. In the research cohort, the authors calculated the actual number of persons in each health state over time, using eight different definitions of "sick." For the birth cohort, the authors estimated the number of sick persons each year after birth. The number of sick persons in the research cohort was approximately constant for 14 years, for all definitions of "sick." The number sick in the birth cohort was approximately constant from ages 55 to 80 and then declined. The relative excess of sick persons in later life is caused by a decline in the number of healthy persons rather than an increase in the number who are sick. The number of sick current Medicare enrollees may be approximately constant for 14 years. These insights may help in planning for the aging population. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Geriatr Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Diehr, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013 OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0164-0275 J9 RES AGING JI Res. Aging PD NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 555 EP 575 DI 10.1177/0164027507305727 PG 21 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 222MS UT WOS:000250302200003 ER PT J AU Milla, GR Flores, AL Umana, E Mayes, I Rosenthal, J AF Milla, Gayle R. Flores, Alina L. Umana, Edgardo Mayes, Ileana Rosenthal, Jorge TI Postpartum women in the Honduran health system: folic acid knowledge, attitudes, and practices SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE folic acid; prenatal nutrition physiology; neural tube defects; Honduras ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SUPPLEMENT USE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; FOLATE LEVELS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; AGE AB Objectives. This study had two purposes: first, to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to folic acid and birth defects among a convenience sample of postpartum Honduran women; and second, to identify food consumption patterns in this population and determine high-consumption staples for potential folic acid fortification. Methods. Convenience sampling methodology was used to recruit potential study participants. Participants for this study were 2 619 postpartum Honduran women who had had a normal, in-hospital delivery in one of 16 public hospitals located throughout the country or the two social security hospitals that provide services to the Honduran working class population. Over a 10-month period, in-depth, face-to face oral interviews, supervised by the research coordinator and staff, were conducted in-hospital prior to discharge. Results. The majority of the women were between 16 and 29 years of age. Approximately half of the respondents (46.4%) had heard of folic acid and over one-third (37.6%) knew that it was a vitamin related to preventing birth defects. Birth defects were most often attributed to drug and alcohol use (20.6%) and lack of vitamin intake (18.1%), but 23.0% related defects to mystical, mythical, or religious causes. Aside from red beans, oranges, and natural, fruit juices, folate-rich foods are not widely consumed by this population. The highest consumption frequency of staple foods with the potential to be fortified with folic acid were rice, white flour, corn f our, and pasta. Conclusions. Results from this study provide potential avenues for food fortification, as well as underscore the need for further education about the role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects. Results highlight that standardized health education for Honduran women of reproductive age is needed if folic acid consumption through fortification and supplementation is to be successful and sustainable. C1 [Flores, Alina L.; Rosenthal, Jorge] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Milla, GR (reprint author), 5 Ave Entre 7&8 Calle 80, Barrio Guamilito, San Pedro Sula, Honduras. EM gmilla@projecthealthychildren.org NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892007001000007 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 249HX UT WOS:000252220000007 PM 18198043 ER PT J AU Ballard, RC Koornhof, HJ Chen, CY Radebe, F Fehler, HG Htun, Y AF Ballard, R. C. Koornhof, H. J. Chen, C-Y Radebe, F. Fehler, H. G. Htun, Ye TI The influence of concomitant HIV infection on the serological diagnosis of primary syphilis in southern Africa SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; RISK-FACTORS; ASSOCIATION; SEROPOSITIVITY; TRANSMISSION AB The authors investigated the utility of both a non-treponemal (RPR) test and a treponemal (FTA-ABS) test for the diagnosis of primary syphilis during the emergence of the HIV epidemic in southern Africa. The serological tests were performed on 868 patients with genital ulcerations, seen in five centres. While primary syphilis was diagnosed by multiplex PCR in 163 cases (18.8%), the overall RPR and FTA-ABS seroprevalences were 24.3% and 51.5% respectively. The sensitivities of the RPR and FTA-ABS to detect primary syphilis were 69.3% and 89.6% respectively, while the specificities were 86.1% and 58.5% respectively. The performance characteristics of these tests were influenced negatively by concomitant HIV infection and the presence of other genital ulcer disease pathogens in lesions found to be Treponema pallidum PCR positive. C1 [Ballard, R. C.; Koornhof, H. J.; Radebe, F.; Fehler, H. G.; Htun, Ye] Sexually Transmitted Infect Reference Ctr, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lav Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ballard, R. C.; Chen, C-Y; Htun, Ye] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ballard, RC (reprint author), Sexually Transmitted Infect Reference Ctr, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lav Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM ztp7@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1154 PN 3 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243WU UT WOS:000251828800008 PM 18250927 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Sternberg, M Bruce, C McQuillan, G Kendrick, J Sutton, M Markowitz, LE AF Koumans, Emilia H. Sternberg, Maya Bruce, Carol McQuillan, Geraldine Kendrick, Juliette Sutton, Madeline Markowitz, Lauri E. TI The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; VAGINAL FLORA; GENITAL-TRACT; RISK-FACTORS; GRAM STAIN; WOMEN; ACQUISITION; PREGNANCY; COLONIZATION; LACTOBACILLI AB Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States. Study Design: Women aged 14-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10. Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P < 0.01 for each comparison). Although BV was also associated with poverty (P <0.01), smoking (P < 0.05), increasing body mass index (chi(2) P < 0.0001 for trend), and having had a female sex partner (P < 0.005), in the multivariate model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners (chi(2) P < 0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency (chi(2) P for trend < 0.001), low educational attainment (P < 0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P < 0.005). Conclusion: BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, DSTD, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM exk0@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 191 Z9 200 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318074e565 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 224AZ UT WOS:000250418800006 PM 17621244 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Schmidt, N Sanders, C Liddon, N AF Kissinger, Patricia Schmidt, Norine Sanders, Cheryl Liddon, Nicole TI The effect of the hurricane katrina disaster on sexual Behavior and access to reproductive care for young women in New Orleans SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: The Hurricane Katrina disaster caused rapid displacement of over a million persons in metropolitan New Orleans. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in sexual behavior and access to reproductive care pre- and postrapid displacement among a cohort of young women receiving family planning services before displacement. Methods: Women 16 to 24 years old, who were attending 2 public family planning clinics and enrolled in a vaginal douching prevention study, were located 5 to 6 months after Katrina and interviewed by telephone to elicit information about sexual behavior and access to reproductive care. Results: Women who were located were interviewed (N = 55). Of these, 96% were black, 62% were employed before the disaster, and the mean age was 22.1 (SD 2.1). In the 5 to 6 months after disaster, 86% lived in 3 or more places, 31% had returned to New Orleans, 17% needed health care but could not access it, 40% had not used birth control, and 2 (4%) experienced an unintended pregnancy as a result of lack of access to care. When compared with baseline, after the hurricane, women were less likely to have attended family planning services, to have used birth control, to have > 1 sex partner, to have a vaginal odor or discharge. Conclusion: Relief efforts for disasters causing rapid displacement of impoverished women should include reproductive care such as provision of contraception, condoms, and STI services, as well as linking women back into care. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70012 USA. EM kissing@tulane.edu NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 BP 883 EP 886 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318074c5f8 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 224AZ UT WOS:000250418800011 PM 17579338 ER PT J AU Santosham, M Nelson, EAS Bresee, JS AF Santosham, Mathuram Nelson, E. Anthony S. Bresee, Joseph S. TI Implementing rotavirus vaccination in Asia SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccine; Asia; vaccine implementation ID SENTINEL HOSPITAL SURVEILLANCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; VACCINES; INFANTS; SAFETY; LIVE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB At the 2006 meeting of the Asian Pacific Pediatric Association (APPA), the Asia Pacific regional rotavirus community and international experts strongly recommended that rotavirus vaccines be used in National Immunization Programmes (NIP) in countries in Asia. Two rotavirus vaccine candidates are currently licensed and have been demonstrated to be safe, well tolerated and highly efficacious. Several additional vaccines are in the late stages of development. The conference participants agreed that decisions on the introduction of rotavirus vaccines may require additional disease burden data in some countries and that economic evaluations will help policymakers reach decisions on nationwide rotavirus vaccine implementation. Other potential issues that arise with vaccine implementation, for example, the concomitant use of rotavirus vaccines with other vaccines, were also discussed. Rotavirus vaccines have the potential to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality from rotavirus disease and impact children's health in Asia. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pediat, Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Santosham, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, E8132, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM msantosh@jhsph.edu OI Nelson, Edmund Anthony Severn/0000-0002-2521-3403 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 44 BP 7711 EP 7716 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.064 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 231EC UT WOS:000250928300014 PM 17881099 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, SD Hall, IJ Lee, JW Ekwueme, DU Moinpour, CM Penson, D AF Ramsey, S. D. Zeliadt, S. D. Hall, I. J. Lee, J. W. Ekwueme, D. U. Moinpour, C. M. Penson, D. TI What choices do men feel they have in selection of prostate cancer treatment? SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramsey, S. D.; Zeliadt, S. D.; Moinpour, C. M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Hall, I. J.; Lee, J. W.; Ekwueme, D. U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Penson, D.] Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP A346 EP A346 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)65233-3 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 239HH UT WOS:000251508900391 ER PT J AU Wu, XF Franka, R Velasco-Villa, A Rupprecht, CE AF Wu, Xianfu Franka, Richard Velasco-Villa, Andres Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Are all lyssavirus genes equal for phylogenetic analyses? SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lyssavirus; reverse genetics; phylogenetic analysis; protein co-variation ID RABIES VIRUS NUCLEOPROTEIN; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; AUSTRALIAN BAT LYSSAVIRUS; MATRIX PROTEIN; BINDING-SITE; RNA COMPLEX; ADULT MICE; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Individual lyssavirus genes were evaluated for phylogenetic studies from available full genome sequences. The full genome of the ERA rabies virus was sequenced and its accuracy was confirmed through virus recovery by reverse genetics. The full length of the ERA is 11,93 1 nucleotides (nt), with a leader sequence of 58 nt, the nucleoprotein (N) gene of 1350 nt, phosphoprotein (P) gene of 891 nt, matrix protein (M) gene of 606 nt, glycoprotein (G) gene of 1572 nt, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) gene of 6384 nt, Psi-region (or G-L intergenic region) of 400 nt, and a trailer region of 70 nt. The five mono-cistrons are separated by intergenic regions of 2, 5, 5 and 24 nt, respectively. One obvious difference between the ERA and SAD-B19 rabies virus strains was the putative stop/polyadenylation signal of the G gene, with a poly(A(8)) tract for ERA, and a poly(A(5)) for SAD-B19. The TGpoly(A(8)) sequence tract was identified to be a leaky termination signal in the ERA strain. Through analyses of nt diversity, protein co-variations, structural and functional constraints, and reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from comprehensive datasets, we propose lyssavirus genes probably are of similar value for phylogenetic analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, PRB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wu, XF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, PRB, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM XAW6@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.022 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 233SQ UT WOS:000251111000004 PM 17681631 ER PT J AU Malamba, S Hladik, W Reingold, A Banage, F McFarland, W Rutherford, G Mimbe, D Nzaro, E Downing, R Mermin, J AF Malamba, Samuel Hladik, Wolfgang Reingold, Arthur Banage, Flora McFarland, Willi Rutherford, George Mimbe, Derrick Nzaro, Esau Downing, Robert Mermin, Jonathan TI The effect of HIV on morbidity and mortality in children with severe malarial anaemia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; CEREBRAL MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RURAL UGANDA; INFECTION; KINSHASA; ZAIRE; INDICATORS AB Background: Malaria and HIV are common causes of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The effect of HIV infection on morbidity and mortality in children with severe malarial anaemia was assessed. Methods: Children < 5 years old were followed as part of a prospective cohort study to assess the transfusion-associated transmission of blood-borne pathogens at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. All children were hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe malarial anaemia requiring blood transfusion. Survival to different time points post-transfusion was compared between HIV-infected and uninfected children. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse repeated measurement outcomes of morbidity, adjusting for confounders. Findings: Of 847 children, 78 (9.2%) were HIV-infected. Median follow-up time was 162 days (inter-quartile range: 111, 169). HIV-infected children were more likely to die within 7 days (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.86, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.30-6.29, P = 0.009) and within 28 days (HR = 3.70, 95% CI 1.91-7.17, P < 0.001) of an episode of severe malarial anaemia, and were more likely to die in the 6 months post-transfusion (HR = 5.70, 95% CI 3.54-9.16, P < 0.001) compared to HIV-uninfected children. HIV-infected children had more frequent re-admissions due to malaria within 28 days (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 3.74, 95% CI 1.41-9.90, P = 0.008) and within 6 months (IRR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.17-6.07, P = 0.02) post-transfusion than HIV-uninfected children. Conclusion: HIV-infected children with severe malarial anaemia suffered higher all-cause mortality and malaria-related mortality than HIV-uninfected children. Children with HIV and malaria should receive aggressive treatment and further evaluation of their HIV disease, particularly with regard to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. C1 [Malamba, Samuel; Hladik, Wolfgang; Banage, Flora; Mimbe, Derrick; Downing, Robert; Mermin, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malamba, Samuel; Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McFarland, Willi; Rutherford, George] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Nzaro, Esau] Mulago Hosp, Dept Pathol, Kampala, Uganda. [Nzaro, Esau] Mulago Hosp, Blood Transfus Serv, Kampala, Uganda. RP Malamba, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zcq2@UG.CDC.GOV; wfh3ug@UG.CDC.GOV; reingold@berkeley.edu; feb2@UG.CDC.GOV; willi_mcfarland@hotmail.com; GRutherford@psg.ucsf.edu; zbq6@UG.CDC.GOV; enzaro@hotmail.com; rqd6@UG.CDC.GOV; jmermin@ke.cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000003] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 143 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-6-143 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 250CU UT WOS:000252278400001 PM 17973997 ER PT J AU Karter, AJ Stevens, MR Brown, AF Duru, OK Gregg, EW Gary, TL Beckles, GL Tseng, CW Marrero, DG Waitzfelder, B Herman, WH Piette, JD Safford, MM Ettner, SL AF Karter, Andrew J. Stevens, Mark R. Brown, Arleen F. Duru, O. Kenrik Gregg, Edward W. Gary, Tiffany L. Beckles, Gloria L. Tseng, Chien-Wen Marrero, David G. Waitzfelder, Beth Herman, William H. Piette, John D. Safford, Monika M. Ettner, Susan L. TI Educational disparities in health behaviors among patients with diabetes: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EURODIAB IDDM COMPLICATIONS; HEART EPIDEMIOLOGY PROGRAM; QUALITY-OF-CARE; SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MANAGED CARE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; LIFE-COURSE; US ADULTS AB Background: Our understanding of social disparities in diabetes-related health behaviors is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine if having less education is associated with poorer diabetes-related health behaviors. Methods: This observational study was based on a cohort of 8,763 survey respondents drawn from similar to 180,000 patients with diabetes receiving care from 68 provider groups in ten managed care health plans across the United States. Self-reported survey data included individual educational attainment ("education") and five diabetes self-care behaviors among individuals for whom the behavior would clearly be indicated: foot exams (among those with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or a history of foot ulcers); self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG; among insulin users only); smoking; exercise; and certain diabetes-related health seeking behaviors (use of diabetes health education, website, or support group in last 12 months). Predicted probabilities were modeled at each level of self-reported educational attainment using hierarchical logistic regression models with random effects for clustering within health plans. Results: Patients with less education had significantly lower predicted probabilities of being a nonsmoker and engaging in regular exercise and health-seeking behaviors, while SMBG and foot self-examination did not vary by education. Extensive adjustment for patient factors revealed no discernable confounding effect on the estimates or their significance, and most education-behavior relationships were similar across sex, race and other patient characteristics. The relationshipbetween education and smoking varied significantly across age, with a strong inverse relationship in those aged 25-44, modest for those ages 45-64, but non-evident for those over 65. Intensity of disease management by the health plan and provider communication did not alter the examined education-behavior relationships. Other measures of socioeconomic position yielded similar findings. Conclusion: The relationship between educational attainment and health behaviors was modest in strength for most behaviors. Over the life course, the cumulative effect of reduced practice of multiple self-care behaviors among less educated patients may play an important part in shaping the social health gradient. C1 [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stevens, Mark R.; Gregg, Edward W.; Beckles, Gloria L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Arleen F.; Duru, O. Kenrik; Ettner, Susan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gary, Tiffany L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen; Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen] Univ Hawaii, Dept Community Hlth & Family Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Marrero, David G.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Herman, William H.; Piette, John D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med & Epidemiol, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Piette, John D.] Ann Arbor VAMC, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Safford, Monika M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, VA Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Karter, AJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM andy.j.karter@kp.org; zbd3@cdc.gov; abrown@mednet.ucla.edu; kduru@mednet.ucla.edu; edg7@cdc.gov; tgary@jhsph.edu; glb4@cdc.gov; cwtseng@hawaii.edu; dgmarrer@iupui.edu; bewaitzfelder@phrihawaii.org; wherman@umich.edu; jpiette@umich.edu; msafford@uab.edu; settner@mednet.ucla.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD046113-01, R01 HD046113-04, R01 HD046113-02, R01 HD046113-03, R01 HD046113]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK065664]; PHS HHS [04005] NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD OCT 29 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 308 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-308 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 261BA UT WOS:000253052900001 PM 17967177 ER PT J AU Blaya, JA Shin, SS Yagui, MJ Yale, G Suarez, CZ Asencios, LL Cegielski, JP Fraser, HS AF Blaya, Joaquin A. Shin, Sonya S. Yagui, Martin J. A. Yale, Gloria Suarez, Carmen Z. Asencios, Luis L. Cegielski, J. Peter Fraser, Hamish S. F. TI A web-based laboratory information system to improve quality of care of tuberculosis patients in Peru: functional requirements, implementation and usage statistics SO BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MDR-TB; TECHNOLOGY; DISEASES AB Background: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in resource-poor settings experience large delays in starting appropriate treatment and may not be monitored appropriately due to an overburdened laboratory system, delays in communication of results, and missing or error-prone laboratory data. The objective of this paper is to describe an electronic laboratory information system implemented to alleviate these problems and its expanding use by the Peruvian public sector, as well as examine the broader issues of implementing such systems in resource-poor settings. Methods: A web-based laboratory information system " e-Chasqui" has been designed and implemented in Peru to improve the timeliness and quality of laboratory data. It was deployed in the national TB laboratory, two regional laboratories and twelve pilot health centres. Using needs assessment and workflow analysis tools, e-Chasqui was designed to provide for improved patient care, increased quality control, and more efficient laboratory monitoring and reporting. Results: Since its full implementation in March 2006, 29,944 smear microscopy, 31,797 culture and 7,675 drug susceptibility test results have been entered. Over 99% of these results have been viewed online by the health centres. High user satisfaction and heavy use have led to the expansion of e-Chasqui to additional institutions. In total, e-Chasqui will serve a network of institutions providing medical care for over 3.1 million people. The cost to maintain this system is approximately US$ 0.53 per sample or 1% of the National Peruvian TB program's 2006 budget. Conclusion: Electronic laboratory information systems have a large potential to improve patient care and public health monitoring in resource-poor settings. Some of the challenges faced in these settings, such as lack of trained personnel, limited transportation, and large coverage areas, are obstacles that a well-designed system can overcome. e-Chasqui has the potential to provide a national TB laboratory network in Peru. Furthermore, the core functionality of e-Chasqui as been implemented in the open source medical record system OpenMRS http:// www.openmrs.org for other countries to use. C1 [Blaya, Joaquin A.; Shin, Sonya S.; Fraser, Hamish S. F.] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shin, Sonya S.; Fraser, Hamish S. F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Blaya, Joaquin A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, MIT, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Yagui, Martin J. A.; Asencios, Luis L.] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Yale, Gloria] Direcc Salud V Lima Ciudad, Lima, Peru. [Suarez, Carmen Z.] Direcc Salud IV Lime Este, Perugia, Italy. [Cegielski, J. Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fraser, HS (reprint author), Partners Hlth, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jblaya@mit.edu; sshin@partners.org; myaguim2002@yahoo.com; gyclab5@yahoo.es; zoila118@hotmail.com; lasencios@ins.gob.pe; gzc2@cdc.gov; hamish_fraser@hms.harvard.edu RI Fraser, Hamish/E-3773-2013 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6947 J9 BMC MED INFORM DECIS JI BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. PD OCT 28 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1472-6947-7-33 PG 11 WC Medical Informatics SC Medical Informatics GA 251XD UT WOS:000252408500001 PM 17963522 ER PT J AU Victor, JC Monto, AS Surdina, TY Suleimenova, SZ Vaughan, G Nainan, OV Favorov, MO Margolis, HS Bell, BP AF Victor, John C. Monto, Arnold S. Surdina, Tatiyana Y. Suleimenova, Saida Z. Vaughan, Gilberto Nainan, Omana V. Favorov, Michael O. Margolis, Harold S. Bell, Beth P. TI Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FECAL EXCRETION; VIRUS-INFECTION; SERUM GLOBULIN; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; OUTBREAK; STRATEGIES AB Background Hepatitis A vaccine administered to persons after exposure to the hepatitis A virus has not been compared directly with immune globulin, which is known to be highly effective in preventing hepatitis A when given within 2 weeks after exposure to the virus. Methods We randomly assigned household and day-care contacts, 2 to 40 years of age, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, to receive one standard age-appropriate dose of hepatitis A vaccine or immune globulin within 14 days after exposure to patients with hepatitis A. Instances of laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic hepatitis A infection occurring between 15 and 56 days after exposure were then assessed during active follow-up of all susceptible contacts. Results Of 4524 contacts who underwent randomization, 1414 (31%) were susceptible to hepatitis A virus and 1090 were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. Among these contacts, 568 received hepatitis A vaccine and 522 received immune globulin. Most contacts were children (average age, 12 years), and most received prophylaxis during the second week after exposure (average interval after exposure, 10 days). The baseline characteristics of the contacts were similar in the two groups. Symptomatic infection with hepatitis A virus was confirmed in 25 contacts receiving vaccine (4.4%) and in 17 contacts receiving immune globulin (3.3%) (relative risk, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 2.67). Conclusions Low rates of hepatitis A in both groups indicate that hepatitis A vaccine and immune globulin provided good protection after exposure. Although the study's prespecified criterion for noninferiority was met, the slightly higher rates of hepatitis A among vaccine recipients may indicate a true modest difference in efficacy and might be clinically meaningful in some settings. Vaccine has other advantages, including long-term protection, and it may be a reasonable alternative to immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis in many situations. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kazakhstan Minist Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Victor, JC (reprint author), Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM cvictor@path.org OI Victor, John/0000-0002-7970-6588 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 17 BP 1685 EP 1694 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa070546 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 223FN UT WOS:000250355100004 PM 17947390 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, I Barbosa, PA Ung, H Lobato, C Rivera, AG Rodriguez, P Briseno, AG Cordero, LM Perea, LG Perez, JC Ribera, M Veitch, J Fitzgerald, C Cornblath, D Pinto, MR Griffin, JW Willison, HJ Asbury, AK McKhann, GM AF Nachamkin, I. Barbosa, P. Arzate Ung, H. Lobato, C. Rivera, A. Gonzalez Rodriguez, P. Briseno, A. Garcia Cordero, L. Maria Perea, L. Garcia Perez, J. Carlos Ribera, M. Veitch, J. Fitzgerald, C. Cornblath, D. Pinto, M. Rodriguez Griffin, J. W. Willison, H. J. Asbury, A. K. McKhann, G. M. TI Patterns of Guillain-Barre syndrome in children - Results from a Mexican population SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROMES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ANTIGANGLIOSIDE ANTIBODIES; DEMYELINATING FORMS; GASTROENTERITIS; JAPAN AB Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome ( GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated flaccid paralysis frequently associated with Campylobacter infection. Of two predominant GBS subtypes, a demyelinating subtype ( acute inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy [ AIDP]) predominates in the United States and Europe, and axonal subtype ( acute motor axonal neuropathy [ AMAN]) is the predominant form in China. Previous clinical studies suggested that AMAN also occurs in Mexican children. The purpose of this study was to describe the subtypes of GBS in children from Mexico City. Methods: We prospectively studied 121 children admitted to two pediatric hospitals in Mexico City from 1996 to 2002. Clinical histories were obtained, electrophysiologic studies were performed to determine GBS subtype, and microbiologic studies were performed. Results: Of the 121 children, 46 had AMAN and 32 had AIDP. The male to female ratio was 1.3 for AMAN cases ( mean age = 6.3) and 3.0 for AIDP cases ( mean age = 7.0). There was a strong seasonal distribution of AMAN cases in July to September. Children with AMAN, but not AIDP, had worsening of illness during hospitalization as judged by peak severity scores. Vomiting was more likely in AIDP ( 28.1%) vs AMAN ( 6.5%) ( p = 0.012) and diarrhea was more common in AMAN ( 32.6%) than AIDP ( 12.5%) ( p = 0.06). IgG anti- GM1 antibody titers were higher in patients with AMAN vs AIDP ( p = 0.067). Anti-GD1a antibodies were equally present in both groups. Anti GQ1b titers were higher in AMAN vs AIDP ( p = 0.009). Campylobacter antibody responses were positive in 44.1% of patients with AMAN and 37.0% of patients with AIDP. Twenty patients ( 14 = AMAN, 6 = AIDP) had positive stool cultures for C jejuni. Two serotypes, HS: 19 and HS: 41, accounted for 6 of 10 Campylobacter isolates available for serotyping from these cases. Conclusions: This study confirms that acute motor axonal neuropathy is an important Guillain-Barre syndrome subtype in Mexican children, is associated with diarrhea, and occurs seasonally. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Hosp Pediat Legaria, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Glasgow, Dept Neurol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nachamkin, I (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 3400 Spruce St,4th Floor Gates Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM nachamki@mail.med.upenn.edu OI Ribera-Canudas/0000-0002-7458-8658 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-31528] NR 25 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 17 BP 1665 EP 1671 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265396.87983.bd PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 222ZZ UT WOS:000250340300006 PM 17898327 ER PT J AU Denison, AM Thompson, HA Massung, RF AF Denison, Amy M. Thompson, Herbert A. Massung, Robert F. TI ISIIII insertion sequences of Coxiella burnetii: characterization and use for repetitive element PCR-based differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Background: Coxiella burnetii contains the IS I I I I transposase which is present 20 times in the Nine Mile phase I (9Mi/I) genome. A single PCR primer that binds to each IS element, and primers specific to a region similar to 500-bp upstream of each of the 20 IS I I I I elements were designed. The amplified products were characterized and used to develop a repetitive element PCR genotyping method. Results: Isolates Nine Mile phase II, Nine Mile RSA 514, Nine Mile Baca, Scottish, Ohio, Australian QD, Henzerling phase I, Henzerling phase II, M44, KAV, PAV, Q238, Q195 and WAV were tested by PCR and compared to 9Mi/I. Sequencing was used to determine the exact differences in isolates which lacked specific IS elements or produced PCR products of differing size. From this data, an algorithm was created utilizing four primer pairs that allows for differentiation of unknown isolates into five genomic groups. Additional isolates (Priscilla Q177, Idaho Q, Qiyi, Poker Cat, Q229 and Q172) and nine veterinary samples were characterized using the algorithm which resulted in their placement into three distinct genomic groups. Conclusion: Through this study significant differences, including missing elements and sequence alterations within and near IS element coding regions, were found between the isolates tested. Further, a method for differentiation of C. burnetii isolates into one of five genomic groups was created. This algorithm may ultimately help to determine the relatedness between known and unknown isolates of C. burnetii. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crk6@cdc.gov; thompoly@hotmail.com; rfm2@cdc.gov OI Denison, Amy/0000-0002-2163-3849 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD OCT 18 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 91 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-7-91 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 239PU UT WOS:000251531000001 PM 17949485 ER PT J AU Bidol, SA Daly, E Rickert, R Hill, TA Al Khaldi, S Taylor, TH Lynch, MF Painter, JA Braden, CR Yu, PA Demma, L Behravesh, CB Greene, SK Schmitz, AM Blaney, DD Gershman, M AF Bidol, S. A. Daly, E. R. Rickert, R. E. Hill, T. A. Al Khaldi, S. Taylor, T. H., Jr. Lynch, M. F. Painter, J. A. Braden, C. R. Yu, P. A. Demma, L. Behravesh, C. Barton Greene, S. K. Schmitz, A. M. Blaney, D. D. Gershman, M. CA CDC TI Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with raw tomatoes eaten in restaurants - United States, 2005-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 909-911, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MONTEVIDEO C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Zoonot, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bidol, SA (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 15 BP 1753 EP 1755 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 220WF UT WOS:000250187300009 ER PT J AU Guppy, D Yartel, A Pelletier, A AF Guppy, D. Yartel, A. Pelletier, A. CA CDC TI Salmonella serotype enteritidis infections among workers producing poultry vaccine - Maine, November-December 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 877-879, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Maine Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guppy, D (reprint author), Maine Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 15 BP 1755 EP 1756 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 220WF UT WOS:000250187300010 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Morrison, MA Nadle, J Petit, S Gershman, K Ray, S Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Dumyati, G Townes, JM Craig, AS Zell, ER Fosheim, GE McDougal, LK Carey, RB Fridkin, SK AF Klevens, R. Monina Morrison, Melissa A. Nadle, Joelle Petit, Susan Gershman, Ken Ray, Susan Harrison, Lee H. Lynfield, Ruth Dumyati, Ghinwa Townes, John M. Craig, Allen S. Zell, Elizabeth R. Fosheim, Gregory E. McDougal, Linda K. Carey, Roberta B. Fridkin, Scott K. CA ABCs MRSA Investigators TI Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; US HOSPITALS; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; SKIN INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA; OUTBREAK AB Context As the epidemiology of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) changes, accurate information on the scope and magnitude of MRSA infections in the US population is needed. Objectives To describe the incidence and distribution of invasive MRSA disease in 9 US communities and to estimate the burden of invasive MRSA infections in the United States in 2005. Design and Setting Active, population-based surveillance for invasive MRSA in 9 sites participating in the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network from July 2004 through December 2005. Reports of MRSA were investigated and classified as either health care-associated (either hospital-onset or community-onset) or community-associated (patients without established health care risk factors for MRSA). Main Outcome Measures Incidence rates and estimated number of invasive MRSA infections and in-hospital deaths among patients with MRSA in the United States in 2005; interval estimates of incidence excluding 1 site that appeared to be an outlier with the highest incidence; molecular characterization of infecting strains. Results There were 8987 observed cases of invasive MRSA reported during the surveillance period. Most MRSA infections were health care-associated: 5250 (58.4%) were community-onset infections, 2389 (26.6%) were hospital-onset infections; 1234 (13.7%) were community-associated infections, and 114 (1.3%) could not be classified. In 2005, the standardized incidence rate of invasive MRSA was 31.8 per 100 000 (interval estimate, 24.4-35.2). Incidence rates were highest among persons 65 years and older (127.7 per 100 000; interval estimate, 92.6-156.9), blacks (66.5 per 100 000; interval estimate, 43.5-63.1), and males (37.5 per 100000; interval estimate, 26.8-39.5). There were 1598 in-hospital deaths among patients with MRSA infection during the surveillance period. In 2005, the standardized mortality rate was 6.3 per 100 000 (interval estimate, 3.3-7.5). Molecular testing identified strains historically associated with community-associated disease outbreaks recovered from cultures in both hospital-onset and community-onset health care-associated infections in all surveillance areas. Conclusions Invasive MRSA infection affects certain populations disproportionately. It is a major public health problem primarily related to health care but no longer confined to intensive care units, acute care hospitals, or any health care institution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Colorado Emerging Infect Program, Denver, CO USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester Gen Hosp, Rochester, NY USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 1842 Z9 1905 U1 42 U2 276 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 15 BP 1763 EP 1771 DI 10.1001/jama.298.15.1763 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 220WF UT WOS:000250187300019 PM 17940231 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, ES Li, C Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, Guixiang Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Mokdad, Ali H. TI Are US adults with heart disease meeting physical activity recommendations? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Zhao, Guixiang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang; Mokdad, Ali H.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S MA 3547 BP 803 EP 803 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394303639 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Strine, TW Jiles, R Mokdad, AH AF Fan, Amy Z. Strine, Tara W. Jiles, Ruth Mokdad, Ali H. TI The prevalence of depression and anxiety among persons aged 45 years and older by cardiovascular disease status, 2006 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Fan, Amy Z.; Strine, Tara W.; Jiles, Ruth; Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S BP 830 EP 830 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394303750 ER PT J AU Li, C Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. Giles, Wayne H. TI Association of waist-to-thigh ratio with history of cardiovascular diseases among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Giles, Wayne H.] CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S MA 3674 BP 834 EP 834 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394303765 ER PT J AU Sher, S Porkert, M Zeigler, TR Pedersen, MF Sutcliffe, D Taylor, WR Jones, DP Dunbar, SB Hooper, C Harrison, D Alexander, RW Quyyumi, AA AF Sher, Salman Porkert, Markus Zeigler, Thomas R. Pedersen, Margaret F. Sutcliffe, Diane Taylor, W. Robert Jones, Dean P. Dunbar, Sandra B. Hooper, Craig Harrison, David Alexander, R. Wayne Quyyumi, Arshed A. TI Obesity-mediated vascular injury stimulates progenitor cell mobilization SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Sher, Salman; Porkert, Markus; Zeigler, Thomas R.; Pedersen, Margaret F.; Sutcliffe, Diane; Taylor, W. Robert; Jones, Dean P.; Dunbar, Sandra B.; Harrison, David; Alexander, R. Wayne; Quyyumi, Arshed A.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hooper, Craig] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S BP 839 EP 839 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394303786 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Self, J Niezgoda, M Faber, ML Dietzschold, B Rupprecht, C AF Blanton, Jesse D. Self, Joshua Niezgoda, Michael Faber, Marie-Luise Dietzschold, Bernhard Rupprecht, Charles TI Oral vaccination of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with genetically modified rabies virus vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies; vaccine; raccoons; oral ID UNITED-STATES; MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GLYCOPROTEIN; SKUNKS; PATHOGENICITY; SURVEILLANCE AB Oral vaccination is an important tool currently in use to control the spread of rabies in wildlife populations in various programs around the world. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of raccoons represents the largest targeted program to control wildlife rabies in the United States. Currently, the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (V-RG) is the only licensed oral rabies vaccine in the US. In the current study, captive raccoons were used to evaluate two previously described constructs of a rabies virus vaccine developed by reverse genetics (SPBNGAS and SPBNGAS-GAS) for immunogenicity and efficacy compared to the V-RG vaccine. Four of five control animals succumbed to rabies virus after severe challenge, while three of five animals vaccinated orally with SPBNGAS succumbed. No mortality was observed for animals administered SPBNGAS-GAS or the V-RG vaccine. The results of this preliminary study suggest that SPBNGAS-GAS provides comparable efficacy to V-RG. Additional studies will be needed to determine the duration of immunity and optimal dosage of SPBNGAS-GAS and to examine its efficacy in other reservoir species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pox Virus & Rabies Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mol Targeting Technol, W Chester, PA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pox Virus & Rabies Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mailstop G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asi5@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI045097, R01 AI060686-03, R56 AI060686, AI060686, R01 AI060686, R01 AI045097-08, AI45097] NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 42 BP 7296 EP 7300 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 227JV UT WOS:000250653900004 PM 17826874 ER PT J AU Higgins, JPT Little, J Ioannidis, JPA Bray, MS Manolio, TA Smeeth, L Sterne, JA Anagnostelis, B Butterworth, AS Danesh, J Dezateux, C Gallacher, JE Gwinn, M Lewis, SJ Minelli, C Pharoah, PD Salanti, G Sanderson, S Smith, LA Taioli, E Thompson, JR Thompson, SG Walker, N Zimmern, RL Khoury, MJ AF Higgins, Julian P. T. Little, Julian Ioannidis, John P. A. Bray, Molly S. Manolio, Teri A. Smeeth, Liam Sterne, Jonathan A. Anagnostelis, Betsy Butterworth, Adam S. Danesh, John Dezateux, Carol Gallacher, John E. Gwinn, Marta Lewis, Sarah J. Minelli, Cosetta Pharoah, Paul D. Salanti, Georgia Sanderson, Simon Smith, Lesley A. Taioli, Emanuela Thompson, John R. Thompson, Simon G. Walker, Neil Zimmern, Ron L. Khoury, Muin J. TI Turning the pump handle: Evolving methods for integrating the evidence on gene-disease association SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REPLICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; METAANALYSIS; NETWORK; LOCI C1 MRC, Biostat Unit, Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge CB2 OSR, England. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Univ Texas, Inst Mol Med, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London WC1, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. UCL, Royal Free Hosp, Med Lib, London, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. Cardiff Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Cardiff, Wales. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England. Univ Cambridge, UK Human Canc Genet Grp, Canc Res, Cambridge, England. Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Juvenile Diabet Res Fdn, Cambridge, England. PHG Fdn, Cambridge, England. RP Higgins, JPT (reprint author), MRC, Biostat Unit, Inst Publ Hlth, Robinson way, Cambridge CB2 OSR, England. EM julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk RI Anagnostelis, Betsy/C-5271-2008; Dezateux, Carol/A-3416-2009; Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Lewis, Sarah/0000-0003-4311-6890 FU Wellcome Trust [082178] NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 8 BP 863 EP 866 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm248 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220FS UT WOS:000250143200001 PM 17804859 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, Katherine M. Graubard, Barry I. Williamson, David F. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Impact of smoking and preexisting illness on estimates of the fractions of deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in the US population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; body weight; confounding factors (epidemiology); epidemiologic methods; health surveys; mortality; overweight; thinness ID BODY-MASS INDEX; EXCESS DEATHS; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; WEIGHT; DISEASE; COHORT; WOMEN; MEN AB Studies of body weight and mortality sometimes exclude participants who have ever smoked or who may have had preexisting illness at baseline. This exclusionary approach was applied to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to investigate the potential effects of smoking and preexisting illness on estimates of the attributable fractions of US deaths in 2000 that were associated with different levels of body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)). Synthetic estimates were calculated by using postexclusion relative risks for BMI categories in place of BMI relative risks from the full sample, holding the relative risks for all other covariates constant. When the postexclusion relative risks were used, the attributable fractions of deaths associated with underweight and with higher levels of obesity increased slightly and the attributable fractions of deaths associated with overweight and with grade 1 obesity decreased slightly. The relative risks for BMI categories did not show large or systematic changes after simultaneous exclusion of ever smokers, persons with a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and persons who died early in the follow-up period or had their heights and weights measured at older ages. These analyses suggest that residual confounding by smoking or preexisting illness had little effect on previous estimates of attributable fractions from nationally representative data with measured heights and weights. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 8 BP 975 EP 982 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm152 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220FS UT WOS:000250143200014 PM 17670912 ER PT J AU Bitsko, RH Reefhuis, J Romitti, PA Moore, CA Honein, MA AF Bitsko, Rebecca H. Reefhuis, Jennita Romitti, Paul A. Moore, Cynthia A. Honein, Margaret A. TI Periconceptional consumption of vitamins containing folic acid and risk for multiple congenital anomalies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE birth defect; multiple congenital anomalies; pregnancy; vitamins; folic acid; risk factors; epidemiology; smoking ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MULTIVITAMIN USE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; MATERNAL OBESITY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; FOLATE; CLASSIFICATION AB Although it has been well established that periconceptional use of multivitamins containing folic acid (FA) reduces the risk for neural tube defects, two recent U.S. studies have shown an increased risk for multiple congenital anomalies (MCAs) associated with periconceptional use of vitamins containing FA. This study assessed the association between the periconceptional use of vitamins containing FA and MCAs in a third U.S. population. Mothers of infants with MCAs and a random sample of live births (control infants) born in Iowa during 1993-1995 were eligible to participate in the Birth Defects Risk Factor Surveillance case-control Study. During a telephone interview, participants reported on exposure to FA through vitamins, cereal, and food supplements. There was no association between taking vitamins containing FA during the periconceptional period (3 months before conception through the first trimester) and MCAs in the crude estimates or after adjusting for maternal race or ethnicity, education, gravidity, smoking, or alcohol use in the first trimester, or body mass index prior to pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-1.691. There was also no association between vitamin exposure beginning in the first trimester and MCA outcome (aOR = 1.05, 95% CT 0.59-1.87). In contrast to the two recently published reports, there was no association between periconceptional vitamin exposure and MCAs in the Iowa population. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bitsko, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvk2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 20 BP 2397 EP 2405 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31950 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 216JI UT WOS:000249873900005 PM 17853468 ER PT J AU Perez-Velez, CM Anderson, MS Robinson, CC McFarland, EJ Nix, WA Pallansch, MA Oberste, MS Glode, MP AF Perez-Velez, Carlos M. Anderson, Marsha S. Robinson, Christine C. McFarland, Elizabeth J. Nix, W. Allan Pallansch, Mark A. Oberste, M. Steven Glode, Mary P. TI Outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: A diagnostic challenge SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ENTEROVIRAL MENINGITIS; MOUTH-DISEASE; PULMONARY-EDEMA; 71 INFECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; RISK-FACTORS AB Background. Similar to poliovirus, enterovirus type 71 (EV71) causes severe disease, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Large epidemics of EV71 infection have been reported worldwide. Methods. After recognition of a cluster of cases of EV71 disease, we reviewed records of patients with EV71 disease who required hospitalization at The Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, from 2003 through 2005. The presence of enterovirus was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or viral culture of specimens from multiple sources, and the virus was typed as EV71 using genetic sequencing. Results. Eight cases of EV71 disease were identified in both 2003 and 2005. Fifty-six percent of patients with EV71 disease were <= 6 months of age (range, 4 weeks to 9 years). All 16 patients had EV71 central nervous system infection. Enterovirus PCR (EV-PCR) of cerebrospinal fluid specimens yielded positive results for only 5 (31.2%) of the 16 patients; all of these patients were <4 months of age and had less severe disease. However, EV-PCR of upper respiratory tract specimens yielded positive results for 8 (100%) of 8 patients, and EV-PCR of lower gastrointestinal tract specimens yielded positive results for 7 (87.5%) of 8 patients. Conclusions. An outbreak of neurologic EV71 disease occurred in Denver, Colorado, during 2003 and 2005. Likely, EV71 disease remains unrecognized in other parts of the United States, because EV-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid frequently yields negative results. EV-PCR of specimens from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts had higher diagnostic yields than did EV-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid. EV71 infection should be considered in young children presenting with aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, or acute cardiopulmonary collapse. EV71 infection may be an underrecognized emerging disease in the United States. C1 Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Pediat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, MS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, 1056 E 19th Ave,Box B-158, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM anderson.marsha@tchden.org NR 40 TC 85 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.1086/521895 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 211YT UT WOS:000249560900005 PM 17879907 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, AK Wilson, M Sanders-Lewis, KA Katki, HA Urquhart, N Walters, MA Miley, W Cranston, B Hanchard, B Hisada, M AF Chaturvedi, Anil K. Wilson, Marianna Sanders-Lewis, Kolby A. Katki, Hormuzd A. Urquhart, Nicole Walters, Michael A. Miley, Wendell Cranston, Beverly Hanchard, Barrie Hisada, Michie TI Hematologic and biochemical changes associated with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Jamaica: A report from the population-based blood donors study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA; HTLV-I; STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS; ABNORMAL LYMPHOCYTES; MIYAZAKI COHORT; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CARRIERS; JAPAN; MORTALITY; MARKERS AB Objective. We investigated changes in hematologic and biochemical parameters associated with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection, antibody titer, and provirus load. Additionally, on a subset of participants, we assessed the epidemiologic relationship of HTLV-1 with Strongyloides stercoralis. Methods. Among volunteer blood donors in Jamaica, HTLV-1 carriers (n = 482) were frequency matched with HTLV-1 negative subjects (n = 355) by age (+/-5 years), sex, and date of blood donation (+/-3 months). HTLV-1 antibody titer, provirus load, S. stercoralis IgG antibodies, complete blood cell count, blood chemistry, and urinalysis parameters were measured. Results. HTLV-1 carriers, compared with HTLV-1-negative individuals, had elevated levels of cleaved lymphocytes (24.5% vs. 16.4%), any lymphocyte abnormalities (atypical, cleaved, and reactive lymphocytes combined, 45.7% vs. 35.4%), and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (21.2 vs. 19.6 IU/L), as well as lower eosinophil count (2.6% vs. 3.1%). Among carriers, HTLV-1 antibody titer (n = 482) was inversely correlated with mean corpuscular volume (r = -0.10) and positively correlated with levels of total protein (r = 0.16), phosphorus (r = 0.12), and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.24). HTLV-1-provirus load (n = 326) was higher among carriers with cleaved lymphocytes and any lymphocyte abnormalities. Provirus load was inversely correlated with hemoglobin (r = -0.11), mean corpuscular volume (r = -0.15), neutrophil (r = -0.12), and eosinophil (r = -0.19) levels and was positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase levels (r = 0.12). Provirus load was significantly higher among male than female subjects. S. stercoralis antibodies were detected in 35 (12.1%) of 288 participants but were not associated with HTLV-1 status, antibody titer, or provirus load. Conclusions. Markers of HTLV-1 infection (infection status, antibody titer, and provirus load) are associated with hematologic and biochemical alterations, such as lymphocyte abnormalities, anemia, decreased eosinophils, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. C1 NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Sect, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ W Indies, Dept Pathol, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Chaturvedi, AK (reprint author), Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7072, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM chaturva@mail.nih.gov RI Katki, Hormuzd/B-4003-2015; Chaturvedi, Anil/J-2024-2015 OI Chaturvedi, Anil/0000-0003-2696-8899 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 975 EP 982 DI 10.1086/521932 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 211YT UT WOS:000249560900009 PM 17879911 ER PT J AU Chokephaibulkit, K Chotpitayasunondh, T Vanprapar, N Waranawat, N Mock, PA McConnell, MS Jetswang, B Neeyapun, K Tappero, JW Culnane, M AF Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Vanprapar, Nirun Waranawat, Naris Mock, Philip A. McConnell, Michelle S. Jetswang, Bongkoch Neeyapun, Kanchana Tappero, Jordan W. Culnane, Mary TI Assessment of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine reaction in HIV-exposed Thai infants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTED CHILDREN; INDUCED DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; BORN; RISK AB We evaluated local reactions at 1, 2, and 4 months of age to bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine given at birth to 1058 infants who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No scar was discernible in 12 (12.4%) of 97 HIV-infected infants and 20 (2.1%) of 961 uninfected infants (relative risk, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-11.8). This difference may reflect poorer immunogenicity in HIV-infected infants. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chokephaibulkit, K (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1016 EP 1018 DI 10.1086/521929 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 211YT UT WOS:000249560900016 PM 17879918 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Bryant, XA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Bryant, Xavier A. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI SPE/SPME-GUMS approach for measuring musk compounds in serum and breast milk SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE musks; SPE; SPME; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNITED-STATES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC MUSKS; BLOOD-SAMPLES; FRAGRANCES; EXPOSURE AB Musks can be used to provide distinctive odor or scent in many personal care products. Musk compounds have received growing attention in recent years by environmental scientists and regulatory agencies because of their increasing production volume and widespread environmental presence. A combined separation approach using solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled to detection by gas chromatography mass spectrometry was developed for measuring four polycyclic musk compounds (Galactoside (R), Tonalide (R), Muskene (R), Celestolide (R)) in serum and milk. The SPE and SPME separation steps were fully automated and required minimal sample handling. The method, which requires only 1 mL serum or breast milk to achieve limits of detection of 0.03-0.3 ng/mL, is applicable in biomonitoring studies for human internal dose measurement of polycyclic musk compounds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kuklenyik, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZKuklenyik@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 858 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.027 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 226SG UT WOS:000250608200023 PM 17870677 ER PT J AU Nielson, CM Harris, RB Dunne, EF Abrahamsen, M Papenfuss, MR Flores, R Markowitz, LE Giuliano, AR AF Nielson, Carrie M. Harris, Robin B. Dunne, Eileen F. Abrahamsen, Martha Papenfuss, Mary R. Flores, Roberto Markowitz, Lauri E. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Risk factors for anogenital human papillomavirus infection in men SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop CY SEP 01-07, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; GENITAL-INFECTION; CERVICAL-CANCER; PREVALENCE; DETERMINANTS; DNA; ACQUISITION; CIRCUMCISION; PERSISTENCE; SMOKING AB Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. Identification of risk factors for HPV infection in men may improve our understanding of HPV transmission and prevention. Methods. HPV testing for 37 types was conducted in 463 men 18-40 years old recruited from 2 US cities. The entire anogenital region and semen were sampled. A self-administered questionnaire was completed. Multivariate logistic regression aided the identification of independent risk factors for any HPV type, oncogenic HPV types, and nononcogenic HPV types. Results. Prevalence was 65.4% for any HPV, 29.2% for oncogenic HPV, and 36.3% for nononcogenic HPV. Factors significantly associated with any HPV were smoking >= 10 cigarettes per day (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0-5.3]) and lifetime number of female sex partners (FSPs) (OR for >= 21, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.3-4.6]), and factors significantly associated with oncogenic HPV were lifetime number of FSPs (OR for >= 21, 7.4 [ 95% CI, 3.4-16.3]) and condom use during the past 3 months (OR for more than half the time, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8]). For nononcogenic HPV, a significant association was found for number of FSPs during the past 3 months (OR for >= 2, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.4-6.3]). Conclusions. Lifetime and recent number of FSPs, condom use, and smoking were modifiable risk factors associated with HPV infection in men. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Mel & Enid Zukerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sic Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giuliano, AR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, 12902 Magnolia Dr,MRC CANCONT, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM Anna.Giuliano@moffitt.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA098803, R25 CA078447]; PHS HHS [MM-0579-03/03, U36/CCU319276] NR 30 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1145 DI 10.1086/521632 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 212KR UT WOS:000249595700005 PM 17955431 ER PT J AU Giuliano, AR Nielson, CM Flores, R Dunne, EF Abrahamsen, M Papenfuss, MR Markowitz, LE Smith, D Harris, RB AF Giuliano, Anna R. Nielson, Carrie M. Flores, Roberto Dunne, Eileen F. Abrahamsen, Martha Papenfuss, Mary R. Markowitz, Lauri E. Smith, Danelle Harris, Robin B. TI The optimal anatomic sites for sampling heterosexual men for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection: The HPV detection in men study SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Papillomavirus Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS; CERVICAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; GENITAL-INFECTION; URINE SAMPLES; DNA DETECTION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; SEMEN AB Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men contributes to infection and cervical disease in women as well as to disease in men. This study aimed to determine the optimal anatomic site(s) for HPV detection in heterosexual men. Methods. A cross-sectional study of HPV infection was conducted in 463 men from 2003 to 2006. Urethral, glans penis/coronal sulcus, penile shaft/prepuce, scrotal, perianal, anal canal, semen, and urine samples were obtained. Samples were analyzed for sample adequacy and HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping. To determine the optimal sites for estimating HPV prevalence, site-specific prevalences were calculated and compared with the overall prevalence. Sites and combinations of sites were excluded until a recalculated prevalence was reduced by < 5% from the overall prevalence. Results. The overall prevalence of HPV was 65.4%. HPV detection was highest at the penile shaft (49.9% for the full cohort and 47.9% for the subcohort of men with complete sampling), followed by the glans penis/coronal sulcus (35.8% and 32.8%) and scrotum (34.2% and 32.8%). Detection was lowest in urethra (10.1% and 10.2%) and semen (5.3% and 4.8%) samples. Exclusion of urethra, semen, and either perianal, scrotal, or anal samples resulted in a < 5% reduction in prevalence. Conclusions. At a minimum, the penile shaft and the glans penis/coronal sulcus should be sampled in heterosexual men. A scrotal, perianal, or anal sample should also be included for optimal HPV detection. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giuliano, AR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, 12902 Magnolia Dr,MRC CANCONT, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM Anna.Giuliano@moffitt.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA098803, R25 CA078447]; PHS HHS [U36/CCU319276] NR 47 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1152 DI 10.1086/521629 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 212KR UT WOS:000249595700006 PM 17955432 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Millar, EV Zell, ER Bronsdon, M Weatherholtz, R Reid, R Becenti, J Kvamme, S Whitney, CG Santosham, M AF O'Brien, Katherine L. Millar, Eugene V. Zell, Elizabeth R. Bronsdon, Melinda Weatherholtz, Robert Reid, Raymond Becenti, Jocelyn Kvamme, Sheri Whitney, Cynthia G. Santosham, Mathuram TI Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization among immunized and unimmunized children in a community-randomized trial SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; CARRIAGE; EFFICACY; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; INFANTS AB Background. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent vaccine serotype (VT) invasive disease; non-vaccine serotype (NVT) disease increases modestly. The impact of PCV on nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization is essential to understanding disease effects. Methods. We conducted a community-randomized controlled trial with catch-up vaccination through age 2 years investigating the effect of 7-valent PCV (PnCRM7) on NP colonization among American Indian infants and their unvaccinated contacts. Infants receiving blinded vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age had NP cultures obtained at age 7, 12, and 18 months. Serotype-specific colonization was detected by immunoblot. Results. We enrolled 566 vaccinated and 286 unvaccinated children from 511 households and collected 5157 specimens, of which 3525 (68.4%) had pneumococcus. PnCRM7 vaccinees were less likely to be colonized with VT (odds ratio [OR], 0.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.23-0.67]) but were more likely to be colonized with NVT pneumococci ( OR, 1.67 [ 95% CI, 1.02-2.78]). PnCRM7 vaccinees were less densely colonized with VT strains than control vaccinees (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.38-0.99]). Day care - attending unvaccinated children in PnCRM7 communities were less likely to have VT colonization than those in control communities (OR, 0.27 [ 95% CI, 0.07-1.07]). Conclusions. PnCRM7 reduces the risk of VT acquisition and colonization density but increases the risk of NVT acquisition among vaccinees and their household contacts. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM klobrien@jhsph.edu NR 33 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/521833 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 212KR UT WOS:000249595700014 PM 17955440 ER PT J AU Jenkins, P Greene, S Davis, JP Archer, JR Hoang-Johnson, D Quinn, M Duncan, P Johnson, G Rosen, BI Smith, P Reddy, V Schlegelmilch, J Pendarvis, J Donovan, M Gunn, JE Barry, MA Davies, M Vinje, J Widdowson, MA Moore, Z Schaffzin, JK Tate, JE AF Jenkins, P. Greene, S. Davis, J. P. Archer, J. R. Hoang-Johnson, D. Quinn, M. Duncan, P. Johnson, G. Rosen, B. I. Smith, P. Reddy, V. Schlegelmilch, J. Pendarvis, J. Donovan, M. Gunn, J. E. Barry, M. A. Davies, M. Vinje, J. Widdowson, M. A. Moore, Z. Schaffzin, J. K. Tate, J. E. CA CDC TI Norovirus activity - United States, 2006-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 842, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS C1 N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Boston Publ Hlth Commiss, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jenkins, P (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 14 BP 1632 EP 1634 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 218IO UT WOS:000250009400010 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H Hess, J Vindigni, S AF Frumkin, Howard Hess, Jeremy Vindigni, Stephen TI Peak petroleum and public health SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPACT C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Med Sch, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hfrumkin@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 14 BP 1688 EP 1690 DI 10.1001/jama.298.14.1688 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 218IO UT WOS:000250009400026 PM 17925522 ER PT J AU Jang, SW Okada, M Sayeed, I Xiao, G Stein, D Jin, P Ye, KQ AF Jang, Sung-Wuk Okada, Masashi Sayeed, Iqbal Xiao, Ge Stein, Donald Jin, Peng Ye, Keqiang TI Gambogic amide, a selective agonist for TrkA receptor that possesses robust neurotrophic activity, prevents neuronal cell death SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neurotrophic effect; nerve growth factor; ligand; receptor dimerization ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; ACID; GROWTH; REDUCTION; APOPTOSIS; DESIGN AB Nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to TrkA receptor and triggers activation of numerous signaling cascades, which play critical roles in neuronal plasticity, survival, and neurite outgrowth. To mimic NGF functions pharmacologically, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify small-molecule agonists for TrkA receptor. The most potent compound, gambogic amide, selectively binds to TrkA, but not TrkB or TrkC, and robustly induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling activation, including Akt and MAPKs. Further, it strongly prevents glutamate-induced neuronal cell death and provokes prominent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Gambogic amide specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of TrkA receptor and triggers its dimerization. Administration of this molecule in mice substantially diminishes kainic acid-triggered neuronal cell death and decreases infarct volume in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. Thus, gambogic amide might not only establish a powerful platform for dissection of the physiological roles of NGF and TrkA receptor but also provide effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ye, KQ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kye@emory.edu RI Jin, Peng/B-5977-2012 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS045627, R01 NS04851] NR 20 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 9 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 41 BP 16329 EP 16334 DI 10.1073/pnas.0706662104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220AH UT WOS:000250128800064 PM 17911251 ER PT J AU Wattana, W van Griensven, F Rhucharoenpornpanich, O Manopaiboon, C Thienkrua, W Bannatham, R Fox, K Mock, PA Tappero, JW Levine, WC AF Wattana, Wantanee van Griensven, Frits Rhucharoenpornpanich, Orratal Manopaiboon, Chomnad Thienkrua, Warunee Bannatham, Rattana Fox, Kimberley Mock, Philip A. Tappero, Jordan W. Levine, William C. TI Respondent-driven sampling to assess characteristics and estimate the number of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; injection drug users; HIV; sampling methodology; Thailand ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; VACCINE TRIAL AB Background: Since early in Thailand's HIV epidemic, HIV seroprevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok has been around 40%. As Thailand moves to strengthen HIV prevention and care programs for Bangkok IDUs, information on current patterns of drug use and an estimate of the size and composition of the IDU population are essential. Methods: We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit Bangkok IDUs who reported injecting in the past 6 months. IDUs were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compare IDUs currently or previously in treatment with those never treated. RDS software was used to estimate IDU population size based on the proportion in treatment. Results: Of 963 IDUs recruited, 828 (86%) were men. One hundred and twelve IDUs (12%) reported never having attended a drug treatment clinic. Young age, unemployment, injection of single drug, and never having been HIV tested were significantly associated with never-in-treatment status. The estimated proportion of IDUs in treatment was 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.60). Dividing the known number of IDUs in treatment (1981 IDUs attending Bangkok drug treatment clinics during October 2003 through March 2004) by this proportion, we estimated the number of IDUs in Bangkok during the period of RDS to be 3595 (95% confidence interval, 3296-3810). Conclusions: Data obtained through RDS, although subject to limitations from co-existing government drug control policies and possible under-recruitment of out-of-treatment IDUs, will be useful in informing policy, strengthening prevention approaches, and improving methods to monitor the HIV epidemic among Thai IDUs. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Bangkkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manopaiboon, C (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US, Global AIDS Program, Minist Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborat, DDC7 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM cfm9@tuc.or.th RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD OCT 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.013 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 213GD UT WOS:000249653600014 PM 17507180 ER PT J AU DeGroot, D Israel, J Moerkens, M Gloudemans, A Hartgring, S VanDeHorst, L Otto, M Lammers, J Bos-Kuipers, M Waalkens, I O'Callaghan, J Kaufman, W Sorensen, S Pakkenberg, B Gundersen, HJ AF DeGroot, Didima Israel, Jimmy Moerkens, Muja Gloudemans, Anouk Hartgring, Sarita VanDeHorst, Linda Otto, Marlies Lammers, Jan Bos-Kuipers, Marga Waalkens, Ine O'Callaghan, James Kaufman, Wolfgang Sorensen, Susanne Pakkenberg, Bente Gundersen, Hans-J. TI Cost-effective neurotoxicity testing with high discriminative power: Examples in rats after pre- or peri-natal exposure too methylazoxy methanol or methylmercury SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID NEUROPATHOLOGY; MODEL C1 TNO Qual Life, Zeist, Netherlands. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Res Lab Stereol & Neurosci, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Stereol & Electron Microscopy Res Lab, Aarhus, Denmark. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2007 VL 172 BP S182 EP S183 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.464 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 222CM UT WOS:000250273700413 ER PT J AU Doerrer, NG Zelenka, MP Bird, MG Barr, DB Boogaard, PJ AF Doerrer, N. G. Zelenka, M. P. Bird, M. G. Barr, D. B. Boogaard, P. J. TI Development of a framework for determining the appropriateness of a biomarker of exposure SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Shell Hlth, Shell Int, The Hague, Netherlands. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2007 VL 172 BP S158 EP S158 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.406 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 222CM UT WOS:000250273700358 ER PT J AU Hendriksen, PJM Freidig, AP Jonker, D Thissen, U Bogaards, JJP Mumtaz, MM Groten, JP Stierum, RH AF Hendriksen, Peter J. M. Freidig, Andreas P. Jonker, Diana Thissen, Uwe Bogaards, Jan J. P. Mumtaz, Moiz M. Groten, John P. Stierum, Rob H. TI Transcriptomics analysis of interactive effects of benzene, trichloroethylene and methyl mercury within binary and ternary mixtures on the liver and kidney following subchronic exposure in the rat SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. TNO Qual Life, Zeist, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2007 VL 172 BP S46 EP S46 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.147 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 222CM UT WOS:000250273700105 ER PT J AU Feder, HM Johnson, BJB O'Connell, S Shapiro, ED Steere, AC Wormser, GP AF Feder, Henry M., Jr. Johnson, Barbara J. B. O'Connell, Susan Shapiro, Eugene D. Steere, Allen C. Wormser, Gary P. CA Ad Hoc Int Lyme Dis Grp TI Current concepts - A critical appraisal of "chronic Lyme disease'' SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CHRONIC-FATIGUE; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; REFERRAL CENTER; SYMPTOMS; CULTURE; FIBROMYALGIA; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; ARTHRITIS C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Family Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Hartford, CT USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Microbiol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. Southampton Gen Hosp, Hlth Protect Agcy Microbiol Lab, Lyme Borreliosis Unit, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Feder, HM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Family Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM hfeder@nso2.uchc.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000142] NR 59 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 7 U2 40 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 4 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 14 BP 1422 EP 1430 DI 10.1056/NEJMra072023 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 216QA UT WOS:000249892900008 PM 17914043 ER PT J AU Alden, NB Ghosh, TS Vogt, RL Andreasen, C Buller-Fenton, S Saathoff-Huber, L Davis, J Henry, SA Ratard, R Roach, A Drociuk, D Meredith, J Ball, R Baker, L Grandpre, J Murphy, T Van Houten, C Beach, MJ Bishop, H DaSilva, AJ Hill, VR Xiao, L Boehmer, TK Brunkard, JM Christian, KA Luce, R Trevino, IC AF Alden, N. B. Ghosh, T. S. Vogt, R. L. Andreasen, C. Buller-Fenton, S. Saathoff-Huber, L. Davis, J. Henry, S. A. Ratard, R. Roach, A. Drociuk, D. Meredith, J. Ball, R. Baker, L. Grandpre, J. Murphy, T. Van Houten, C. Beach, M. J. Bishop, H. DaSilva, A. J. Hill, V. R. Xiao, L. Boehmer, T. K. Brunkard, J. M. Christian, K. A. Luce, R. Trevino, I. C. CA CDC TI Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with recreational water use - Five states, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 729-732, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 3 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 13 BP 1507 EP 1509 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 216EE UT WOS:000249860500010 ER PT J AU Li, Y Carroll, DS Gardner, SN Walsh, MC Vitalis, EA Damon, IK AF Li, Yu Carroll, Darin S. Gardner, Shea N. Walsh, Matthew C. Vitalis, Elizabeth A. Damon, Inger K. TI On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; SNPs; variola virus ID VIRUS; POXVIRUS; VIRULENCE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; GENOMES; FEVER; POX AB Human disease likely attributable to variola virus (VARV), the etiologic agent of smallpox, has been reported in human populations for >2,000 years. VARV is unique among orthopoxviruses in that it is an exclusively human pathogen. Because VARV has a large, slowly evolving DNA genome, we were able to construct a robust phylogeny of VARV by analyzing concatenated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome sequences of 47 VARV isolates with broad geographic distributions. Our results show two primary VARV clades, which likely diverged from an ancestral African rodent-borne variola-like virus either approximate to 16,000 or approximate to 68,000 years before present (YBP), depending on which historical records (East Asian or African) are used to calibrate the molecular clock. One primary clade was represented by the Asian VARV major strains, the more clinically severe form of smallpox, which spread from Asia either 400 or 1,600 YBP. Another primary clade included both alastrim minor, a phenotypically mild smallpox described from the American continents, and isolates from West Africa. This clade diverged from an ancestral VARV either 1,400 or 6,300 YBP, and then further diverged into two subclades at least 800 YBP. All of these analyses indicate that the divergence of alastrim and variola major occurred earlier than previously believed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Proxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot,Vector Borne & Enter Dis Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Proxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot,Vector Borne & Enter Dis Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 40 BP 15787 EP 15792 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609268104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 217IX UT WOS:000249942700036 PM 17901212 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, W. H. TI Successful weight management in children. Can it be achieved? SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dietz, W. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 SU 456 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 245AR UT WOS:000251907200426 ER PT J AU Smith, B Kemp, M Ethelberg, S Schiellerup, P Bruun, BG Gerner-Schmidt, P Christensen, JJ AF Smith, B. Kemp, M. Ethelberg, S. Schiellerup, P. Bruun, B. G. Gerner-Schmidt, P. Christensen, J. J. TI Foeto-maternal listeriosis in Denmark 1994-2005 SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, B.; Kemp, M.; Ethelberg, S.; Christensen, J. J.] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schiellerup, P.] Herlev Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. [Bruun, B. G.] Dept Clin Microbiol, Hillerod, Denmark. [Gerner-Schmidt, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 SU 456 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 245AR UT WOS:000251907200573 ER PT J AU Fagan, P Moolchan, ET Lawrence, D Fernander, A Ponder, PK AF Fagan, Pebbles Moolchan, Eric T. Lawrence, Deirdre Fernander, Anita Ponder, Paris K. TI Identifying health disparities across the tobacco continuum SO ADDICTION LA English DT Review DE disparities; education; poverty; race/ethnicity; tobacco ID MENTHOLATED CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LUNG-CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; NICOTINE METABOLISM; MINORITY POPULATIONS AB Aims Few frameworks have addressed work-force diversity, inequities and inequalities as part of a comprehensive approach to eliminating tobacco-related health disparities. This paper summarizes the literature and describes the known disparities that exist along the tobacco disease continuum for minority racial and ethnic groups, those living in poverty, those with low education and blue-collar and service workers. The paper also discusses how work-force diversity, inequities in research practice and knowledge allocation and inequalities in access to and quality of health care are fundamental to addressing disparities in health. Methods We examined the available scientific literature and existing public health reports to identify disparities across the tobacco disease continuum by minority racial/ethnic group, poverty status, education level and occupation. Findings Results indicate that differences in risk indicators along the tobacco disease continuum do not explain fully tobacco-related cancer consequences among some minority racial/ethnic groups, particularly among the aggregate groups, blacks/African Americans and American Indians/Alaska Natives. The lack of within-race/ethnic group data and its interactions with socio-economic factors across the life-span contribute to the inconsistency we observe in the disease causal paradigm. Conclusions More comprehensive models are needed to understand the relationships among disparities, social context, diversity, inequalities and inequities. A systematic approach will also help researchers, practitioners, advocates and policy makers determine critical points for interventions, the types of studies and programs needed and integrative approaches needed to eliminate tobacco-related disparities. C1 NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fagan, P (reprint author), NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Execut Pl N,Room 4042,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7337, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM faganp@mail.nih.gov NR 179 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD OCT PY 2007 VL 102 SU 2 BP 5 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01952.x PG 25 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 209WL UT WOS:000249418600002 PM 17850611 ER PT J AU Bombard, JM Pederson, LL Nelson, DE Malarcher, AM AF Bombard, Jennifer M. Pederson, Linda L. Nelson, David E. Malarcher, Ann M. TI Are smokers only using cigarettes? Exploring current polytobacco use among an adult population SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE tobacco smoking; cigarette smoking; polytobacco use; smokeless tobacco ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE; PIPE SMOKING; HARM REDUCTION; SERUM COTININE; CONCURRENT USE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; PREVALENCE; PRODUCTS; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: The primary focus of tobacco prevention and cessation interventions has been on cigarette smoking. Polytobacco use (the concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco product[s]), may present additional health risks and make cessation more difficult. Methods: We determined population estimates of tobacco product use and of polytobacco use for more than 50 000 adults from 10 states. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors independently associated with polytobacco use among men only (due to low use among women). Results: The overall adult prevalence was 22.4% for cigarettes and 3.4% for polytobacco use. Polytobacco use was more common among men who smoked cigarettes, with 26.0% using at least one other product, compared to 4.4% of women cigarette smokers. Polytobacco, use among men was significantly associated with younger age, all races/ethnicities except Hispanic, less educational attainment, less income, and more-than-moderate alcohol use. Conclusions: Prevention and cessation efforts need to target use of other forms of tobacco besides cigarettes, especially among younger men and men who are more-than-moderate drinkers of alcohol. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bombard, JM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbombard@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2411 EP 2419 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.001 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 207VK UT WOS:000249279000047 PM 17490825 ER PT J AU Millett, GA Flores, SA Peterson, JL Bakeman, R AF Millett, Gregorio A. Flores, Stephen A. Peterson, John L. Bakeman, Roger TI Explaining disparities in HIV infection among black and white men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis of HIV risk behaviors SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE black; gay; HIV/AIDS; homosexual; MSM; risk behavior ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; NEW-YORK-CITY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG MEN; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE AB Objective: To identify factors that contribute to the racial disparity in HIV prevalence between black and white men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases, online bibliographies, and publication reference lists yielded 53 quantitative studies of MSM published between 1980 and 2006 that stratified HIV risk behaviors by race. Meta-analyses were performed to compare HIV risks between black and white MSM across studies. Results: Compared with white MSM, black MSM reported less overall substance use [odds ratio (OR), 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53-0.97], fewer sex partners (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.92), less gay identity (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17-0.48), and less disclosure of same sex behavior (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.30-0.60). HIV-positive black MSM were less likely than HIV-positive white MSM to report taking antiretroviral medications (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.61). Sexually transmitted diseases were significantly greater among black MSM than white MSM (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.53). There were no statistically significant differences by race in reported unprotected anal intercourse, commercial sex work, sex with a known HIV-positive partner, or HIV testing history. Conclusions: Behavioral risk factors for HIV infection do not explain elevated HIV rates among black MSM. Continued emphasis on risk behaviors will have only limited impact on the disproportionate rates of HIV infection among black MSM. Future research should focus on the contribution of other factors, such as social networks, to explain racial disparities in HIV infection rates. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Georgia State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Millett, GA (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmillett@cdc.gov NR 88 TC 250 Z9 250 U1 7 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 15 BP 2083 EP 2091 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 217OL UT WOS:000249957100011 PM 17885299 ER PT J AU Hooshyar, D Hanson, DL Wolfe, M Selik, RM Buskin, SE McNaghten, AD AF Hooshyar, Dina Hanson, Debra L. Wolfe, Mitchell Selik, Richard M. Buskin, Susan E. McNaghten, A. D. TI Trends in perimortal conditions and mortality rates among HIV-infected patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; cause of death; HAART; HIV; mortality; trends ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; DEATH; DISEASE; COHORT; HAART; ERA; PREVALENCE; ALCOHOL AB Objectives: To describe trends in perimortal conditions (pathological conditions causing death or present at death but not necessarily the reported cause of death) during three periods related to the availability of HAART, pre-HAART (1992-1995), early HAART (1996-1999), and contemporary HAART (2000-2003); annual mortality rates; and antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevalence during 1992-2003. Design: Multicenter observational clinical cohort in the United States (Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease [ASD] project). Methods: Proportionate mortality for selected perimortal conditions, annual mortality rates, and ART prevalence were standardized by sex, race/ethnicity, age at death, HIV transmission category, and lowest CD4 cell count of ASD decedents. Multivariable generalized linear regression was used to estimate trends in proportionate mortality, as linear trends through all three HAART periods, mortality rates, and ART prevalence. Results: Of 9225 deaths, 58.6% occurred during 1992-1995, 29.5% during 19961999, and 11.9% during 2000-2003. Linear trends in proportionate mortality for noninfectious diseases (e.g., liver disease, hypertension, and alcohol abuse) increased significantly; proportionate mortality for AIDS-defining infectious diseases (e.g., pneumocystosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, and cytomegalovirus disease) decreased significantly. Mortality rates decreased from 487.5/1000 person-years in 1995 to 100.6 in 2002. Of 36256 patients from ASD, 75.7% (standardized average) were prescribed ART annually. Conclusions: Among HIV-infected patients, the majority of whom were prescribed ART, the increasing trend in common noninfectious perimortal conditions support screening and treatment for these conditions in order to sustain the trend in declining mortality rates. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aom5@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 15 BP 2093 EP 2100 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 217OL UT WOS:000249957100012 PM 17885300 ER PT J AU Knipper, E Rhodes, SD Lindstrom, K Bloom, FR Leichliter, JS Montano, J AF Knipper, Emily Rhodes, Scott D. Lindstrom, Kristen Bloom, Fred R. Leichliter, Jami S. Montano, Jaime TI Condom use among heterosexual immigrant Latino men in the southeastern United States SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; HIV PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; ACCULTURATION; HEALTH AB Latinos in the United States have been disproportionately affected by the intersecting epidemics of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We examined correlates of condom use among adult heterosexual Latino men who are members of a large multicounty soccer league in rural North Carolina. Of 222 participants, the mean (+/- SD) age was 29.8 (+/- 8.3) years. Approximately 60% reported Mexico as their country of origin, 60% reported Grade 8 or below as their highest level of education, and 50% reported using condoms during their most recent vaginal intercourse episodes. Adjusting for relationship status, multivariable logistic regression identified four correlates of condom use: having sought health care information from family members (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.48-9.13); greater knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention (AOR = 2.61; CI = 1.23-5.54); greater condom use self-efficacy (AOR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.12-9.36); and greater adherence to traditional masculine norms (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.02-4.33). Our findings underscore the need for innovative and targeted HIV and STD prevention programming among the emerging Latino community in the southeastern United States. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Maya Angelou Res Ctr Minor Hlth, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Chatham Social Hlth Council, Siler City, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rhodes, SD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM srhodes@wfubmc.edu NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 436 EP 447 DI 10.1521/aeap.2007.19.5.436 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 223RZ UT WOS:000250391300006 PM 17967113 ER PT J AU Masters, ET Jedrychowski, W Schleicher, RL Tsai, WY Tu, YH Camann, D Tang, D Perera, FP AF Masters, Elizabeth T. Jedrychowski, Wieslaw Schleicher, Rosemary L. Tsai, Wei-Yann Tu, Yi-Hsuan Camann, David Tang, Deliang Perera, Frederica P. TI Relation between prenatal lipid-soluble micronutrient status, environmental pollutant exposure, and birth outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE micronutrients; pregnancy; birth outcomes; fetal growth; cord blood; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Poland ID VITAMIN-E; FETAL-GROWTH; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; MATERNAL NUTRITION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; CORD-BLOOD; PREGNANCY; PLASMA; WEIGHT; INFANTS AB Background: Adverse postnatal health effects have been associated with compromised fetal growth, which makes it essential to understand its determinants. Significant effects of environmental pollutants on birth outcomes have been observed in our study population, and nutritional status may be an additional factor influencing fetal development and effects of environmental toxins. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the relations between birth outcomes and lipid-soluble plasma micronutrient concentrations and to explore interactions between micronutrients and environmental pollutant exposure in newborns in Krakow, Poland. Design: In this prospective cohort study, refinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids were measured in maternal and cord blood samples obtained at delivery (251 maternal-newborn pairs), and birth weight, birth length, head circumference (HC), and gestational age were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of micronutrients while covariates were controlled for. Interaction terms assessed whether the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common environmental pollutants, varied by nutrient status. Results: Infants whose mothers had low plasma a-tocopherol concentrations (below the median) weighed 92.9 g less and had 0.41-cm smaller HCs than did infants whose mothers had high a-tocopherol concentrations. Infants with low plasma retinol (below the median) weighed 125.9 g less and had 0.31-cm smaller HCs. There was no evidence of an interaction between PAHs and micronutrients, although power was limited. Conclusion: Maternal a-tocopherol and cord retinol concentrations were significantly and positively associated with BW and HC. These micronutrients may have direct effects or may be markers for other underlying determinants of these pregnancy outcomes. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childerns Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Krakow, Poland. SW Res Inst, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Stat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childerns Environm Hlth, 100 Haven Ave,25F Tower 3rd, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM fpp1@columbia.edu OI Masters, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6628-5120 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010165-03S1, 5 R01 ES10165, R01 ES010165, R01 ES010165-01, R01 ES010165-02, R01 ES010165-03, R01 ES010165-04, R01 ES010165-04S1] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1145 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600034 PM 17921394 ER PT J AU Romitti, PA Sun, LX Honein, MA Reefhuis, J Correa, A Rasmussen, SA AF Romitti, Paul A. Sun, Lixian Honein, Margaret A. Reefhuis, Jennita Correa, Adolfo Rasmussen, Sonja A. TI Maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and risk of orofacial clefts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; case-control studies; cleft lip; cleft palate; folic acid; pregnancy ID NONSYNDROMIC ORAL CLEFTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; NEURAL CREST CELLS; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; BINGE DRINKING; IN-VITRO; PALATE; LIP; PREGNANCY; ETHANOL AB Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the authors investigated the association between maternal reports of periconceptional alcohol consumption and clefting. Cases with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both and unaffected controls delivered from 1997 through 2002 were ascertained. Interview reports of alcohol consumption were obtained from 1,749 (75.1%) case and 4,094 (68.2%) control mothers. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess associations. Compared with odds ratios for mothers with no reported consumption, those for mothers who consumed alcohol tended to be near to (cleft lip, cleft lip with cleft palate) or to exceed (cleft palate) unity. The odds ratios associated with binge drinking were elevated but did not demonstrate significantly increased risk for any phenotype; however, the odds ratios differed by the type of alcohol consumed, particularly for cleft palate (distilled spirits > wine > beer). These odds ratios were further increased among mothers with no reported folic acid intake. Although these findings suggest that the association between alcohol consumption and clefting might be most influenced by the type of beverage consumed and folic acid intake, they are preliminary and might reflect chance associations. Such findings need exploration in additional, large studies. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Birth Defect & Dev Disabilit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Romitti, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM paul-romitti@uiowa.edu RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; FU PHS HHS [U50-CCU 713238] NR 55 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 7 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm146 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 212PW UT WOS:000249610300005 PM 17609516 ER PT J AU Yore, MM Fulton, JE Nelson, DE Kohl, HW AF Yore, Michelle M. Fulton, Janet E. Nelson, David E. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Cigarette smoking status and the association between media use and overweight and obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; body weight; obesity; smoking; television ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; BODY-WEIGHT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POPULATION; MORTALITY; ADULTS; WOMEN; RISK; MEN; PREVALENCE AB For biologic and behavioral reasons, cigarette smokers weigh less than nonsmokers. Thus, cigarette smoking may modify the association between media use and obesity. The authors examined whether the association between media use and overweight and obesity was modified by cigarette smoking by analyzing 8,467 adults (>= 20 years) from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of overweight and obesity were estimated by use of multinomial regression. To examine effect modification, the authors created separate regression models for smokers and nonsmokers (p(interaction) = 0.002). Nonsmokers using media 4 or more hours daily were 3.9 times more likely to be obese (95% confidence interval (Cl): 2.9, 5.2) and 1.6 times more likely to be overweight (95% Cl: 1.3, 2.0) compared with those reporting less than 1 hour/day of media use. Among smokers, media use 4 or more hours daily was not significantly associated with increased odds of obesity (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% Cl: 0.8, 2.2) or overweight (odds ratio = 1.4, 95% Cl: 1.0, 1.9). Media use was associated with overweight and obesity and modified by cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking should be evaluated as an effect modifier in studies of media use and obesity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yore, MM (reprint author), 13793 Huntwick Dr, Orlando, FL 32837 USA. EM michyore@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 7 BP 795 EP 802 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm142 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 212PW UT WOS:000249610300007 PM 17607016 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Moore, A Balcacer, P Montero, A Diaz, D Gomez, V Garib, Z Weniger, BG AF Moro, Pedro L. Moore, Arelis Balcacer, Patricia Montero, Alex Diaz, Delissa Gomez, Virgen Garib, Zacarias Weniger, Bruce G. TI Epidemiology of needlesticks and other sharps injuries and injection safety practices in the Dominican Republic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; DEVELOPING-WORLD; HEPATITIS-C; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Contaminated sharps, such as needles, lancets, scalpels, broken glass, specimen tubes, and other instruments, can transmit bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C viruses (HCV). Methods: Observation of facilities and injections and questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted in 2005 among health care workers (HCWs) in 2 public hospitals in Santo Domingo and 136 public immunization clinics (IQ in the Dominican Republic. Injection practices and sharps injuries (SIs) in health care facilities in the Dominican Republic were assessed in cross- sectional surveys to identify areas in which preventive efforts might be directed to make injection practices safer. Results: Of the 304 hospital HCWs and 136 ICs HCWs interviewed, 98 (22.3 %) reported >= 1 SIs during the previous 12 months. ICs had a lower incidence (13 per 100 per person-years [p-y]) of SIs than hospitals (65 per 100 p-y) (P < .0001). Unsafe needle recapping was observed in 98% of all injections observed at hospitals but in only 12% of injections at ICs (P < .0001). Sharps were observed improperly disposed in regular waste containers in 24 (92 %) of 26 areas at which injections are prepared at the hospitals but in only 11 (8%) of 136 ICs (P < .0001). Training in injection safety was received by 4% of HCWs in hospitals but by 77% in ICs (P < .001). Of 425 HCWs, 247 (58 %) were fully immunized against hepatitis B. There was a higher risk of SIs among staff dentists (adjusted relative risks [aRR], 5.9; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.8-12.6), resident physicians (aRR, 3.5; 95 % CI: 1.8-6.9), and those who gave >= 11 therapeutic injections per day (aRR, 1.6: 95 % CI: 1.1-2.4). Conclusion: Injection practices at ICs were safer than those found, at public hospitals. Preventive strategies to lower SIs in public hospitals should include regular training of hospital staff to minimize needle recapping and improper disposal, among other interventions to reduce the dangers of needles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SESPAS, Programa Ampliado Inmunizac, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Univ Nacl Pedro Henriquez Urena, Escuela Med, Fac Ciencias Salud, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Hosp Infantil, Dept Enfermedades Infecciosas, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM psm9@cdc.gov OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.06.001 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 220RG UT WOS:000250174400011 PM 17936148 ER PT J AU Winston, CA Mims, AD Leatherwood, KA AF Winston, Carla A. Mims, Adrienne D. Leatherwood, Kecia A. TI Increasing pneumococcal vaccination in managed care through telephone outreach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION RATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PEOPLE; INTERVENTIONS; DISPARITIES; VALIDATION; BARRIERS; DISEASE AB Objectives:To determine the effectiveness of a telephone reminder to increase pneumococcal vaccination in a population that had received mailed reminders and to evaluate whether the intervention effect is similar for clinics serving primarily non-Hispanic black or non-Hispanic white patient populations. Study Design: Randomized trial within a managed care network. Methods: All unvaccinated patients 18 years and older with chronic medical conditions and 65 years and older without chronic medical conditions (N = 6106) were randomized to receive telephone intervention or standard care and followed up for 6-month vaccination status. The intervention was a telephone call initiated by a nurse to inform patients that pneumococcal vaccination was recommended and was a covered benefit of their insurance. Results: Intervention patients were 2.3 times as likely to be vaccinated during the study period than control patients (P <.001).The success of. telephone intervention versus control was similar across clinics.(P=.16) and across the chronic disease and elderly groups (P =.14). In subanalyses of individuals reached by telephone intervention, unvaccinated black subjects were less likely to be vaccinated during the study than unvaccinated white subjects (34% vs 25%, P =.03). Nurse staff time for telephone intervention cost $147.35 per additional patient vaccinated. Conclusions: Telephone intervention was successful at increasing vaccination rates in a diverse managed care population that had already received mailed reminders. Tailored messaging for pneumococcal vaccination through telephone reminders increases patient demand for vaccination and should be implemented by managed care organizations seeking to increase their vaccination rates. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Cascade Med Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Winston, CA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwinston@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [0000HCJ4-S004-07797] NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 221OB UT WOS:000250236100006 PM 17927463 ER PT J AU The, NS Honein, MA Caton, AR Moore, CA Siega-Riz, AM Druschel, CM AF The, Natalie S. Honein, Margaret A. Caton, Alissa R. Moore, Cynthia A. Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Druschel, Charlotte M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Risk factors for isolated biliary atresia, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE biliary atresia; epidemiology; risk factors; seasons; infection; nutrition ID REOVIRUS TYPE-3 INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; NEONATAL HEPATITIS; FOLIC-ACID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; ALCOHOL-USE; INFANTS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Biliary atresia is a rare birth defect that affects I in 12,000 to I in 19,500 live births. We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multistate case-control study, to identify potential risk factors for isolated biliary atresia (no additional unrelated major birth defects diagnosed). Infants were identified from eight states from 1997 to 2002, with clinical information abstracted from medical records. Potential risk factors assessed include: demographic factors, seasonality, preterm birth, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol use, maternal illicit drug use, maternal health, maternal medication use, maternal vitamin use, and maternal nutrition. Infants of non-Hispanic black mothers were more likely to have biliary atresia than infants of non-Hispanic white mothers (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.2% 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.93) and infants conceived during the spring season were more likely to have biliary atresia than infants conceived in winter (aOR = 2.33, 95%CI 1.05-5.16). Low intakes of vitamin E, copper, phosphorus, and beta tocopherol were associated with the occurrence of isolated biliary atresia (borderline significance). Low iron intake had a borderline inverse association with biliary atresia. While this analysis provides Support for previous reports of a possible association between seasonal variation and the occurrence of biliary atresia, more data are needed to evaluate whether the seasonal variation is related to infectious agents. The role of nutrients in the development of biliary atresia remains unclear. Further studies of genetic, infectious, and nutrient exposures and the association of biliary atresia are warranted. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc inverted iota C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrh7@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350] NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 19 BP 2274 EP 2284 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31926 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 215SS UT WOS:000249829900008 PM 17726689 ER PT J AU Fang, XM Corso, PS AF Fang, Xiangming Corso, Phaedra S. TI Child maltreatment, youth violence, and intimate partner violence - Developmental relationships SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL-ABUSE; RISK; DELINQUENCY; AGGRESSION; NEGLECT; NEIGHBORHOODS; EXPERIENCES; MULTILEVEL AB Background: Understanding the cycle of violence, from victimization to perpetration across the life span, is critical for designing successful prevention interventions. This study uses a nationally representative sample to examine the developmental relationships among three forms of child maltreatment, youth violence perpetration or victimization, and young adult intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration or victimization. Methods: Data describing self-reported youth violence perpetration (or victimization) from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994-1995) were matched with self-reported IPV perpetration (or victimization) in young adult sexual relationships and retrospective reports of child maltreatment collected during Wave III (2001-2002). Bivariate probit regression models were used to analyze the developmental relationships between child maltreatment, youth violence, and IPV. Analyses were completed in September 2006. Results: Compared to nonvictims of child maltreatment, victims of child maltreatment are more likely to perpetrate youth violence (a likelihood increase ranging from -1.2% to 6.6% for females and 3.7% to 11.9% for males) and young adult IPV (an increase from 8.7% to 10.4% for females and from 1.3% to 17.2% for males), although the direct and indirect effects vary by type of child maltreatment experienced. Gender differences exist in the links between child maltreatment, youth violence and IPV, and in the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV. Conclusions: Results suggest that it may be important to account for gender differences when designing violence prevention programs, and an integrative approach is critical for stopping the developmental trajectory of violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fang, XM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ddz6@cclc.gov RI Fang, Xiangming/O-1653-2014 OI Fang, Xiangming/0000-0001-9922-8977 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD 31921] NR 47 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 8 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.ameore.2007.06.003 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 217RQ UT WOS:000249965400003 PM 17888854 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M Burke, W Bowen, S Zimmern, R AF Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta Burke, Wylie Bowen, Scott Zimmern, Ron TI Will Genomics widen or help heal the schism between medicine and public health? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; NIH ROADMAP; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; GENETICS; TRANSLATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; DISEASE; IMPACT AB We discuss the "schism" between medicine and public health in light of advances in genomics and the expected evolution of health care toward personalized treatment and prevention. Undoubtedly, genomics could deepen the divide between the two worlds, but it also represents an important and perhaps unique opportunity for healing the schism, given the volume of new scientific discoveries and their potential applications in all areas of health and disease. We argue that the integration of genomics into health care and disease prevention requires a strong medicine-public health partnership in the context of a population approach to a translational research agenda that includes four overlapping areas: (1) a joint focus on prevention-a traditional public health concern but now a promise of genomics in the realm of individualized primary prevention and early detection, (2) a population perspective, which requires a large amount of population-level data to validate gene discoveries for clinical applications, (3) commitment to evidence-based knowledge integration with thousands of potential genomic applications in practice, and (4) emphasis on health services research to evaluate outcomes, costs, and benefits in the real world. A strong medicine-public health partnership in the genomics era is needed for the translation of all scientific discoveries for the benefit of population health. C1 Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Strangeways Res Lab, PGH Fdn, Cambridge CB1 4RN, England. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mukl@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 217RQ UT WOS:000249965400007 PM 17888858 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Norris, SL Saadine, J Chowdhury, FM Horsley, T Kanjilal, S Mangione, CM Buhrmann, R AF Zhang, Xuanping Norris, Susan L. Saadine, Jinan Chowdhury, Farah M. Horsley, Tanya Kanjilal, Sanjat Mangione, Carol M. Buhrmann, Ralf TI Effectiveness of interventions to promote screening for diabetic retinopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; EYE DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; TRANSLATION PROJECT; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; EXAMINATION RATES; CARE PROGRAM; IMPACT; MODEL AB Objective: To assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed to increase retinal screening among people with diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted of multiple electronic bibliographic databases up to May 2005. Studies were included if interventions were used to promote screening for diabetic retinopathy in any language and with any study design. Results: Forty-eight studies (12 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], four nonrandomized studies, and 32 pre-post studies) with a total of 162,157 participants, examined a wide range of interventions, which focused on one or more of the following: (1) patients or populations, (2) providers or practices, and (3) healthcare system infrastructure and processes. Four of five RCTs focusing on patients demonstrated that interventions increased screening significantly, with relative risk ranging from 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.08) to 2.01 (95 % CI = 1.48-2.73). Five RCTs with a focus on the system all demonstrated significant increases in screening with relative risk ranging from 1.12 (95% CI = 1.03-1.22) to 5.56 (95% CI = 2.19-14.10). Thirty-six non-RCTs, which included interventions with single or multiple foci, also generally demonstrated positive effects. Conclusions: Increasing patient awareness of diabetic retinopathy, improving provider and practice performance, and improving healthcare system infrastructure and processes, can significantly increase screening for diabetic retinopathy. Further research should explore strategies for increasing the rate of retinal screening among diverse or disadvantaged populations and the economic efficiency of effective interventions in large community populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Ottawa, Inst Eye, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov OI Horsley, Tanya/0000-0002-1256-9582 NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 318 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.002 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 217RQ UT WOS:000249965400008 PM 17888859 ER PT J AU Fiore, A Baxter, LC Bell, BP Hershow, R Passaro, D Twiddy, S Baxter, R Levy, PS AF Fiore, Anthony Baxter, Lisa Carley Bell, Beth P. Hershow, Ron Passaro, Doug Twiddy, Susan Baxter, Rodney Levy, Paul S. TI Hepatitis a 2004 vaccination in children - Methods and findings of a survey in two states SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; COVERAGE AB Background: Hepatitis A vaccine coverage estimates needed for surveillance and vaccine policy decisions are not readily available for children older than 35 months or for adolescents. This article reports methodology developed for obtaining such estimates by telephone survey with and without provider record verification. Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey with provider verification was conducted in Arizona and Oregon in 2004-2005 to obtain coverage estimates for children aged 2.5 to 15 years based on parental reports from telephone survey data alone, and from multiple logistic regressions using both telephone survey and provider data. Analysis was performed during 2006. Results: Vaccination information was collected from parents of 1266 children, and provider verification from 488. Telephone survey and provider record-based hepatitis A vaccine coverage (one or more doses) was 60% and 65%, respectively, in Arizona, and 39% and 26%, respectively, in Oregon. Children who were younger, lived in metropolitan areas, or were Hispanic or nonwhite had significantly higher coverage; parents with immunization records provided more-accurate information. While a logistic model-based estimator developed using both parent and provider data performed slightly better than the estimator based on parent data alone, they differed mostly in the subgroups that had small sample sizes. Conclusions: These are the first statewide provider-verified hepatitis A vaccine coverage estimates for children older than 35 months and indicate that telephone survey estimates as developed using this methodology could prove useful for immunization surveillance activities if interpreted cautiously. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Levy, PS (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM levy@rti.org NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 217RQ UT WOS:000249965400010 PM 17888861 ER PT J AU Masse, LC Frosh, MM Chriqui, JF Yaroch, AL Agurs-Collins, T Blanck, HM Atienza, AA McKenna, ML Igoe, JF AF Masse, Louise C. Frosh, Marcy M. Chriqui, Jamie F. Yaroch, Amy L. Agurs-Collins, Tanya Blanck, Heidi M. Atienza, Audie A. McKenna, Mary L. Igoe, James F. TI Development of a school nutrition-environment state policy classification system (SNESPCS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR LAWS; PRICING STRATEGY; RATING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; YOUTH-ACCESS; HEALTH; FOOD; CHILDREN; PROGRAMS; CONSUMPTION AB Background: As policy strategies are rapidly being developed to address childhood overweight, a system was developed to systematically and reliably classify state policies related to the school nutrition environment. This study describes the development process, the inter-rater reliability to code state policies enacted as of December 2003, and the variability in state policies related to the school nutrition environment. Methods: The development of the School Nutrition Environment State Policy Classification System (SNESPCS) included a comprehensive review of published literature, reports from government and nongovernmental sources, input from an expert panel, and select experts. Baseline statutes and regulations for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia were retrieved from Westlaw (data retrieved in 2005-2006 and analyzed in 2006) and pilot testing of the system was conducted. Results: SNESPCS included 11 policy areas that relate to a range of environmental and surveillance domains. At baseline, states had no (advertising/promotion and preferential pricing) or modest (school meal environment, reimbursable school meals, coordinating or advisory councils, body mass index screening) activities in many of the policy areas. As of 2003, 60% of the states had policies related to the sale of foods in school that compete with the school meal program. Conclusions: Evaluation of policies that affect the school-nutrition environment is in its earliest stage. SNESPCS provides a mechanism for assessing variation in state policies that can be incorporated in an evaluation framework aimed at elucidating the impact of state policies on the school environment, social norms, and children's dietary behaviors in schools. C1 Univ British Columbia, Ctr Community Child Hlth Res, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. MayaTech Corp, Ctr Hlth Policy & Legislat Anal, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Canc Inst, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fac Kinesiol, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Masse, LC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Community Child Hlth Res, Dept Pediat, L408-4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. EM lmasse@cw.bc.ca FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-PC-444006]; PHS HHS [263-MQ-515012] NR 65 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP S277 EP S291 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.017 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 220ZW UT WOS:000250197100018 PM 17884576 ER PT J AU Masse, LC Chriqui, JF Igoe, JF Atienza, AA Kruger, J Kohl, HW Frosh, MM Yaroch, AL AF Masse, Louise C. Chriqui, Jamie F. Igoe, James F. Atienza, Audie A. Kruger, Judy Kohl, Harold W., III Frosh, Marcy M. Yaroch, Amy L. TI Development of a physical education-related state policy classification system (PERSPCS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RATING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; OVERWEIGHT; PROGRAM; OBESITY; FITNESS; SCHOOLS; SPARK; LAWS AB Background: As policy-based approaches are increasingly proposed to address childhood obesity, this paper seeks to: (1) present the development of a system to systematically and reliably assess the nature and extent of state physical education (PE) and recess-related policies; (2) determine the inter-rater agreement in using the system; and (3) report on the variability in state policies using a December 31, 2003 baseline. Methods: The PE and Recess State Policy Classification System (PERSPCS) was developed from a conceptual framework and was informed by reviewing the scientific and gray literatures and through consultations with an expert panel and key experts. Statutes and regulations enacted as of December 31, 2003 were retrieved from Westlaw (data retrieved and analyzed in 2004-2005). Results: PERSPCS addresses five areas: PE time requirements, staffing requirements for PE, curriculum standards for PE, assessment of health-related fitness, and recess time (elementary schools only). The inter-rater agreement ranged from 0.876 (PE staffing requirements) to perfect agreement (recess time). Staffing requirements had more restrictive policies, followed in decreasing order by time requirements, curriculum standards, assessment, and recess time. Overall, state policies met minimal requirements across areas and grade levels as of December 2003. Conclusions: Extending PERSPCS to address other aspects of childhood obesity is a critical first step in understanding the range of state policy approaches in this area and their impact. PERSPCS should be examined in conjunction with school district-level policies to determine the overall effects of policies on school environmental and behavioral outcomes. PERSPCS is not designed to set policy guidelines. C1 Univ British Columbia, Ctr Community Child Hlth Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada. MayaTech Corp, Ctr Hlth Policy & Legislative Anal, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Canc Inst, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Masse, LC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Community Child Hlth Res, Dept Pediat, L408-4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. EM lmasse@cw.bc.ca FU PHS HHS [282-98-0014, 263-MQ-515012] NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP S264 EP S276 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.019 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 220ZW UT WOS:000250197100017 PM 17884575 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Williams, SB Callaghan, WM Bachman, DJ Whitlock, EP Hornbrook, MC AF Dietz, Patricia M. Williams, Selvi B. Callaghan, William M. Bachman, Donald J. Whitlock, Evelyn P. Hornbrook, Mark C. TI Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-for-Health-Services-Research and Health Policy CY JUN 28, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Acad Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Policy ID POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; METAANALYSIS; MOTHERS; RATES; WOMEN; RISK; PREDICTORS AB objective: This study estimated the prevalence of diagnosed depression and treatment among women before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. Method: A previously validated algorithm identified health plan members with at least one pregnancy between Jan. 1, 1998, and Dec. 31, 2001. Women with a pregnancy ending in one or more live births and continuously enrolled from 39 weeks before pregnancy through 39 weeks after pregnancy were eligible. maternal depression was identified from the medical records. Depression treatment included antidepressant medication and/or mental health visits. The authors examined the prevalence of depression and treatments received. Results: Among 4,398 continuously enrolled women with eligible pregnancies ending in live births, 678 (15.4%) had depression identified during at least one pregnancy phase; 8.7%, 6.9%, and 10.4% had depression identified before, during, and/or after pregnancy, respectively. Among women with identified depression during the 39 weeks before pregnancy, 56.4% also had a depression diagnosis during pregnancy. of women identified with depression during the 39 weeks following pregnancy, 54.2% had depression diagnoses either during or preceding pregnancy. Most women diagnosed with depression received antidepressant medications and/or had at least one mental health visit. Having at least one mental health visit did not vary before, during, or after pregnancy; however, antidepressant use was lower during pregnancy than before or after pregnancy. Conclusions: Approximately one in seven women was identified with and treated for depression during 39 weeks before through 39 weeks after pregnancy, and more than half of these women had recurring indicators for depression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente NE, Ctr Hlth Res NW Hawaii SE, Portland, OR USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pdietz@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 164 IS 10 BP 1515 EP 1520 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06111893 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 218XP UT WOS:000250049600015 PM 17898342 ER PT J AU Franco-Paredes, C Dismukes, R Nicolls, D Hidron, A Workowski, K Rodriguez-Morales, A Wilson, M Jones, D Manyang, P Kozarsky, P AF Franco-Paredes, Carlos Dismukes, Roberta Nicolls, Deborah Hidron, Alicia Workowski, Kimberly Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso Wilson, Marianna Jones, Danielle Manyang, Peter Kozarsky, Phyllis TI Short report: Persistent and untreated tropical infectious diseases among Sudanese refugees in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID INTESTINAL PARASITES; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; IMMIGRANTS; RISK AB A comprehensive medical evaluation to identify persistent and untreated tropical infections among members of the Sudanese group "Lost Boys of Sudan" living in Atlanta, GA, was initiated. Medical examinations and laboratory testing including blood cell counts, liver function tests, stool studies for parasites, hepatitis B serologies, and serologic testing for Schistosoma spp., Strongyloides, and filariae were performed. Preliminary results showed a high prevalence of untreated active schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis infections in this group, 5 years after their resettlement in the United States. In addition, we found that many of them were infected with onchocerciasis and hepatitis B. We suggest that based on these preliminary results, pre-departure presumptive treatment and/or testing algorithms need to address some of these persistent tropical infections. C1 Emory Univ, Crawford Long Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. Univ Los Andes, Ctr Parasitol Res Jose Witremundo Torrealba, Inst Expt Jose Witremundo Torrealba, Trujillo, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ South, Sewanee, TN 37375 USA. RP Franco-Paredes, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Crawford Long Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Sch Med, 550 Peachtree St,Med Off Tower,7th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM cfranco@sph.emory.edu RI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J./A-6359-2011 OI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J./0000-0001-9773-2192 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 633 EP 635 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 221RK UT WOS:000250244800009 PM 17978062 ER PT J AU Watanabe, K Mwinzi, PNM Black, CL Muok, EMO Karanja, DMS Secor, WE Colley, DG AF Watanabe, Kanji Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Black, Carla L. Muok, Erick M. O. Karanja, Diana M. S. Secor, W. Evan Colley, Daniel G. TI T regulatory cell levels decrease in people infected with Schistosoma mansoni on effective treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1 COINFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; VIRAL-INFECTION; IGE RESPONSES; REINFECTION; ANTIGENS; EXPRESSION AB Schistosomiasis mansoni is usually a chronic infection that leads to long-term, systemic exposure to schistosome antigens. Experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms, including T regulatory cells (Treg) that may help control morbidity and dampen resistance to re-infection. We now show that some schistosomiasis mansoni patients have high proportions of CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(high) Treg. On effective treatment with praziquantel, these high Treg percentages decrease, and fewer of the remaining Treg express CD45RO. The proportion of Treg in S. mansoni-infected patients is inversely related to their percentage of activated, putative effector T cells (CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(medium)/HLA-DR+ cells). We conclude some, but not all, schistosomiasis mansoni patients develop high percentages of circulating Treg, and effective treatment both decreases the levels of these cells and changes their phenotypes, possibly because of the removal of constant exposure to antigens from intravascular, egg-producing adult worms. C1 Univ Georgia, Coverdell Ctr, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Nagasaki Univ, Inst Trop Med, NEKKEN, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colley, DG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coverdell Ctr, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Room 145,500 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dcolley@uga.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007123, D43 TW007123-03, D43 TW007123-04]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053695-04, AI 053695, R01 AI053695-02, T32 AI 060546, T32 AI060546, T32 AI060546-03, T32 AI060546-04, R01 AI053695, R01 AI053695-01, R01 AI053695-03, R01 AI053695-05] NR 54 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 221RK UT WOS:000250244800017 PM 17978070 ER PT J AU Oswald, WE Lescano, AG Bern, C Calderon, MM Cabrera, L Gilman, RH AF Oswald, William E. Lescano, Andres G. Bern, Caryn Calderon, Maritza M. Cabrera, Lilia Gilman, Robert H. TI Fecal contamination of drinking water within peri-urban households, Lima, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; WASHING-UP; TRANSMISSION; STORAGE; QUALITY; COMMUNITY; DETERMINANTS; SANITATION; SHANTYTOWN AB We assessed fecal contamination of drinking water in households in 2 peri-urban communities of Lima, Peru. We measured Escherichia coli counts in municipal source water and, within households, water from principal storage containers, stored boiled drinking water, and water in a serving cup. Source water was microbiologically clean, but 26 (28%) of 93 samples of water stored for cooking had fecal contamination. Twenty-seven (30%) of 91 stored boiled drinking water samples grew E. coli. Boiled water was more frequently contaminated when served in a drinking cup than when stored (P < 0.01). Post-source contamination increased successively through the steps of usage from source water to the point of consumption. Boiling failed to ensure safe drinking water at the point of consumption because of easily contaminated containers and poor domestic hygiene. Hygiene education, better point-of-use treatment and storage options, and in-house water connections are urgently needed. C1 AB PRISMA, Biomed Res Unit, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oswald, WE (reprint author), AB PRISMA, Biomed Res Unit, Av Carlos Gonzales 251, Lima, Peru. EM william.oswald@jhsph.edu RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Oswald, William/A-4061-2013 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; FU NIAID NIH HHS [5T35AI007646] NR 41 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 699 EP 704 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 221RK UT WOS:000250244800021 PM 17978074 ER PT J AU Gaffga, NH Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED AF Gaffga, Nicholas H. Tauxe, Robert V. Mintz, Eric D. TI Cholera: A new homeland in Africa? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT CENTERS; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; CVD 103-HGR; VITAMIN-A; WATER; CHILDREN; VACCINE; RISK; DIARRHEA; REFUGEES AB Cholera was largely eliminated from industrialized countries by water and sewage treatment over a century ago. Today it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, where it is a marker for inadequate drinking water and sanitation infrastructure. Death from cholera can be prevented through simple treatment-oral, or in severe cases, intravenous rehydration. The cholera case-fatality rate therefore reflects access to basic health care. We reviewed World Health Organization (WHO) data on cholera cases and deaths reported between 1960 and 2005. In the 1960s, at the beginning of the seventh and current cholera pandemic, cholera had an exclusively Asian focus. In 1.970, the pandemic reached sub-Saharan Africa, where it has remained entrenched. In 1991, the seventh pandemic reached Latin America, resulting in nearly I million reported cases from the region within 3 years. In contrast to the persisting situation in Africa, cholera was largely eliminated from Latin America within a decade. In 2005, 31 (78%) of the 40 countries that reported indigenous cases of cholera to WHO were in sub-Saharan Africa. The reported incidence of indigenous cholera in sub-Saharan Africa in 2005 (166 cases/million population) was 95 times higher than the reported incidence in Asia (1.74 cases/million population) and 16,600 times higher than the reported incidence in Latin America (0.01. cases/million population). In that same year, the cholera case fatality rate in sub-Saharan Africa (1.8%) was 3 times higher than that in Asia (0.6%); no cholera deaths were reported in Latin America. The persistence or control of cholera in Africa will be a key indicator of global efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals and of recent commitments by leaders of the G-8 countries to increase development aid to the region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Mycot & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis,Coordinat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaffga, NH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Mycot & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis,Coordinat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ngaffga@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 705 EP 713 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 221RK UT WOS:000250244800022 PM 17978075 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Leng, G Berger-Preiss, E Hoppe, HW Weerasekera, G Gries, W Gerling, S Perez, J Smith, K Needham, LL Angerer, J AF Barr, Dana B. Leng, Gabriele Berger-Preiss, Edith Hoppe, Hans-Wolfgang Weerasekera, Gayanga Gries, Wolfgang Gerling, Susanne Perez, Jose Smith, Kimberly Needham, Larry L. Angerer, Juergen TI Cross validation of multiple methods for measuring pyrethroid and pyrethrum insecticide metabolites in human urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid insecticides; pyrethrum; biomonitoring; mass spectrometry; intercomparison ID HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYPERMETHRIN AB The objective of our study was to compare three vastly different analytical methods for measuring urinary metabolites of pyrethroid and pyrethrum insecticides to determine whether they could produce comparable data and to determine if similar analytical characteristics of the methods could be obtained by a secondary laboratory. This study was conducted as a part of a series of validation studies undertaken by the German Research Foundation's Committee on the Standardization of Analytical Methods for Occupational and Environmental Medicine. We compared methods using different sample preparation methods (liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction with and without chemical derivatization) and different analytical detection methods (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (single quadrupole), gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (magnetic sector) in both electron impact ionization and negative chemical ionization modes, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) with electrospray ionization). Our cross validation proved that similar analytical characteristics could be obtained with any combination of sample preparation/analytical detection method and that all methods produced comparable analytical results on unknown urine samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Bayer Ind Serv GmbH & Co OHG, Inst Biol Monitoring, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Med Lab Bremen, D-28357 Bremen, Germany. Batelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 389 IS 3 BP 811 EP 818 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1463-0 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 213DH UT WOS:000249645800017 PM 17828527 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Keller, JM Leigh, S Patterson, DG Sharpless, KE Sjodin, A Stapleton, HM Swarthout, R Turner, WE Wise, SA AF Schantz, Michele M. Keller, Jennifer M. Leigh, Stefan Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sjoedin, Andreas Stapleton, Heather M. Swarthout, Robert Turner, Wayman E. Wise, Stephen A. TI Certification of SRM 1589a PCBs, pesticides, PBDEs, and dioxins/furans in human serum SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; pesticides; PBDEs; human serum; human exposure ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT EXTRACTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLEANUP METHOD; MIXTURES; MILK AB The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 1589a PCBs, Pesticides, PBDEs, and Dioxins/Furans in Human Serum has been updated to include certified concentration values for 27 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, three chlorinated pesticides, and four polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners as well as reference concentration values for 27 additional PCB congeners, six additional chlorinated pesticides, three additional PBDE congeners, and selected polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). This represents an addition of concentration values for 29 PCB congeners and for PBDE congeners that were not quantified in the previous issue of SRM 1589a. With the increased number of certified and reference concentration values for PCBs and the inclusion of certified and reference concentration values for PBDEs, this serum material will be more useful as a reference material for contaminant monitoring in human tissues and fluids. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 18 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 389 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1519-1 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 214HY UT WOS:000249729400022 PM 17710387 ER PT J AU Loucks, EB Magnusson, KT Cook, S Rehkopf, DH Ford, ES Berkman, LF AF Loucks, Eric B. Magnusson, Kristjan T. Cook, Stephen Rehkopf, David H. Ford, Earl S. Berkman, Lisa F. TI Socioeconomic position and the metabolic syndrome in early, middle, and late life: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2002 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE socioeconomic factors; education; income; metabolic syndrome X ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; YOUNG-ADULTS; WHITEHALL-II; ADOLESCENTS; WOMEN AB PURPOSE: To evaluate whether there is an association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the metabolic syndrome at various ages, including adolescent, middle-aged and older participants in gender-specific analyses. METHODS: Participants were from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SEP was measured by income and years of education. Metabolic syndrome was measured in adults using the American Heart Association guidelines and in adolescents using methods based on national reference data. Cross-sectional multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: In women aged 25 to 45 and 46 to 65 years, income below the poverty line (poverty income ratio [PIR] less than one) was associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome compared with FIR greater than 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.24, 10.71, and OR = 2.54; CI= 1.38, 4.67, for the respective age groups) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and menopause. Similar findings were observed for educational attainment. In adolescents, older adults (aged > 65 years), and males, income and education were not related to the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrates that SEP is associated with the metabolic syndrome in females aged 25 to 65 years and is less strongly associated in males, adolescents, or older participants. These findings provide physiologic mechanistic evidence linking SEP to risk for coronary heart disease. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Douglas Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth,Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H4H 1R3, Canada. Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Calif San Francisco Berkeley Robert Wood Joh, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Loucks, EB (reprint author), McGill Univ, Douglas Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth,Res Ctr, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, PQ H4H 1R3, Canada. EM eric.loucks@mcgill.ca RI Loucks, Eric/I-1272-2014 OI Loucks, Eric/0000-0002-9962-0386 NR 48 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 10 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.05.003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219EJ UT WOS:000250067200005 PM 17697786 ER PT J AU Seel, EA Zaebst, DD Hein, MJ Liu, J Nowlin, SJ Chen, P AF Seel, E. A. Zaebst, D. D. Hein, M. J. Liu, J. Nowlin, S. J. Chen, P. TI Inter-rater agreement for a retrospective exposure assessment of asbestos, chromium, nickel and welding fumes in a study of lung cancer and ionizing radiation SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE expert judgment; inter-rater agreement; job-exposure matrix; retrospective exposure assessment ID PORTSMOUTH-NAVAL-SHIPYARD; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; WORKERS; RISK; RELIABILITY; MORTALITY; KAPPA; LEUKEMIA AB A retrospective exposure assessment of asbestos, welding fumes, chromium and nickel (in welding fumes) was conducted at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for a nested case-control study of lung cancer risk from external ionizing radiation. These four contaminants were included because of their potential to confound or modify the effect of a lung cancer-radiation relationship. The exposure assessment included three experienced industrial hygienists from the shipyard who independently assessed exposures for 3519 shop/job/time period combinations. A consensus process was used to resolve estimates with large differences. Final exposure estimates were linked to employment histories of the 4388 study subjects to calculate their cumulative exposures. Inter-rater agreement analyses were performed on the original estimates to better understand the estimation process. Although concordance was good to excellent (78-99%) for intensity estimates and excellent (96-99%) for frequency estimates, overall simple kappa statistics indicated only slight agreement beyond chance (kappa < 0.2). Unbalanced distributions of exposure estimates partly contributed to the weak observed overall inter-rater agreement. Pairwise weighted kappa statistics revealed better agreement between two of the three panelists (kappa = 0.19-0.65). The final consensus estimates were similar to the estimates made by these same two panelists. Overall welding fume exposures were fairly stable across time at the shipyard while asbestos exposures were higher in the early years and fell in the mid-1970s. Mean cumulative exposure for all study subjects was 520 fiber-days cc(-1) for asbestos and 1000 mg-days m(-3) for welding fumes. Mean exposure was much lower for nickel (140 mg-days m(-3)) and chromium (45 mg-days m(-3)). Asbestos and welding fume exposure estimates were positively associated with lung cancer in the nested case-control study. The radiation-lung cancer relationship was attenuated by the inclusion of these two confounders. This exposure assessment provided exposure estimates that aided in understanding of the lung cancer-radiation relationship at the shipyard. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Seel, EA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lseel@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 51 IS 7 BP 601 EP 610 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem037 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 227QR UT WOS:000250673400004 PM 17846032 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Kahler, AM Jothikumar, N Johnson, TB Hahn, D Cromeans, TL AF Hill, Vincent R. Kahler, Amy M. Jothikumar, Narayanan Johnson, Trisha B. Hahn, Donghyun Cromeans, Theresa L. TI Multistate evaluation of an ultrafiltration-based procedure for simultaneous recovery of enteric microbes in 100-liter tap water samples (vol 73, pg 4218, 2007) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Bone & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Bone & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 73 IS 19 BP 6327 EP 6327 DI 10.1128/AEM.01863-07 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 217TA UT WOS:000249969000047 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Alderisio, KA Yang, W Blancero, LA Kuhne, WG Nadareski, CA Reid, M Xiao, L AF Feng, Yaoyu Alderisio, Kerri A. Yang, Werth Blancero, Lisa A. Kuhne, William G. Nadareski, Christopher A. Reid, Michael Xiao, Lihua TI Cryptosporidium genotypes in wildlife from a New York watershed SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SPP.; SAMPLES; TAXONOMY; RODENTS; SURFACE; CANADA; POLAND AB To identify the animal sources for Cryptosporidium contamination, we genotyped Cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife from the watershed of the New York City drinking water supply, using a small-subunit rRNA gene-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. A total of 541 specimens from 38 species of wildlife were analyzed. One hundred and eleven (20.5%) of the wildlife specimens were PCR positive. Altogether, 21 Cryptosporidium genotypes were found in wildlife samples, 11 of which were previously found in storm runoff in the watershed, and six of these 11 were from storm water genotypes of unknown animal origin. Four new genotypes were found, and the animal hosts for four storm water genotypes were expanded. With the exception of the cervine genotype, most genotypes were found in a limited number of animal species and have no major public health significance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protec, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22 Mail Stop F-12,Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 29 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 73 IS 20 BP 6475 EP 6483 DI 10.1128/AEM.01034-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 221SU UT WOS:000250248400019 PM 17720824 ER PT J AU Kanitz, MH Witzmann, FA Lotz, WG Conover, D Savage, RE AF Kanitz, M. H. Witzmann, F. A. Lotz, W. G. Conover, D. Savage, R. E., Jr. TI Investigation of protein expression in magnetic field-treated human glioma cells SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELF magnetic field; glioma; proteomics; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; protein expression ID BREAST-CANCER; EXPOSURE; MELATONIN; HSP70; GENE; LINE AB We previously reported phenotypic changes in human breast cancer cells following low-level magnetic field (MF) exposure. Here proteomic methods were used to investigate the biochemical effect of MF exposure in SF767 human glioma cells. Protein alterations were studied after exposure to 1.2 microTesla (mu T) MF [ 12 milliGauss (mG), 60 Hertz (Hz)] +/- epidermal growth factor (EGF). SF767 cells were exposed for 3 h to sham conditions (<0.2 mu T ambient field strength) or 1.2 mu T MF (+/- EGF; 10 ng/ml). Solubilized protein fractions (sham; 1.2 mu T; sham + EGF; 1.2 mu T + EGF) were loaded for electrophoresis by 2D-PAGE and stained using a colloidal Coomassie blue technique to resolve and characterize the proteins. Protein patterns were compared across groups via Student's t-test using PDQUEST software. Cell profiles revealed significant alterations in the spot density of a subset of treated cells. Automated spot excision and processing was performed prior to peptide mass fingerprinting proteins of interest. Fifty-seven proteins from the detectable pool were identified and/or found to differ significantly across treatment groups. The mean abundance of 10 identified proteins was altered following 1.2 LT exposure. In the presence of EGF six proteins were altered after low magnetic field treatment by increasing (4) or decreasing (2) in abundance. The results suggest that the analysis of differentially expressed proteins in SF767 cells may be useful as biomarkers for biological changes caused by exposure to magnetic fields. C1 NIOSH, DART, BHAB, MGMT, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Kanitz, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, DART, BHAB, MGMT, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C-23, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mhk2@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 7 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1002/bem.20326 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 219BK UT WOS:000250059500006 PM 17570505 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Lin, AE Riehle-Colarusso, T Malik, S Correa, A AF Botto, Lorenzo D. Lin, Angela E. Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany Malik, Sadia Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Seeking causes: Classifying and evaluating congenital heart defects in etiologic studies SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital heart defects; classification; etiology; prevention; epidemiology ID OUTFLOW TRACT OBSTRUCTION; HYPOPLASTIC LEFT-HEART; 3 LARGE REGISTRIES; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SURGERY DATABASE; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND: Classification and analysis of congenital heart defects (CHD) in etiologic studies is particularly challenging because of diversity of cardiac phenotypes and underlying developmental mechanisms. We describe an approach to classification for risk assessment of CHD based on developmental and epidemiologic considerations, and apply it to data from the National Birth Defect Prevention Study (NBDPS). METHODS: The classification system incorporated the three dimensions of cardiac phenotype, cardiac complexity, and extracardiac anomalies. The system was designed to facilitate the assessment of simple isolated defects and common associations. A team with cardiologic expertise applied the system to a large sample from the NBDPS. RESULTS: Of the 4,703 cases of CHDs in the NBDPS with birth years 1997 through 2002, 63.6% were simple, isolated cases. Specific associations of CHDs represented the majority of the remainder. The mapping strategy generated relatively large samples for most cardiac phenotypes and provided enough detail to isolate important subgroups of CHDs that may differ by etiology or mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Classification of CHDs that considers cardiac and extracardiac phenotypes is practically feasible, and yields manageable groups of well-characterized phenotypes. Although best suited for large studies, this approach to classification and analysis can be a flexible and powerful tool in many types of etiologic studies of heart defects. C1 Univ Utah, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Utah Birth Defect Network, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Mass Gen Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects & Prevent, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Room 2C412 SOM,50 N Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM lorenzo.botto@hsc.utah.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 1132247-03] NR 49 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 714 EP 727 DI 10.1002/bdra.20403 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 221JE UT WOS:000250222400008 PM 17729292 ER PT J AU Paiva, HH Tzaneva, V Haddad, R Yokosawa, J AF Paiva, Helder Henrique Tzaneva, Valentina Haddad, Rodrigo Yokosawa, Jonny TI Molecular characterization of swine hepatitis E virus from southeastern Brazil SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE viral hepatitis; hepatitis E virus; HEV; molecular virology ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; HEV; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; STRAINS; GENOME; POPULATIONS AB Despite serological evidences of presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in humans or other animals, until this study the virus had not been detected and molecular characterization of the isolate that circulates in Brazil had not been described. Thus, we collected stool samples of young pigs and tested for presence of HEV RNA by RT-PCR, using primers for partial amplification of ORF2 sequence. Phylogenetic analysis with sequence obtained from the amplified products revealed that the HEV isolate identified here was most closely related to HEV isolates of genotype 3, which is commonly detected in HEV infected pigs. Nucleotide sequence analyses carried out with the entire amplified fragment, ORF2/ORF3 overlapping and ORF2 non-overlapping sequences showed highest identities with the US isolate of genotype 3. Similarly, amino acid sequence analyses done with the entire amplified fragment, ORF2 non-overlapping, ORF2 and ORF3 overlapping sequences also showed highest identities with the genotype 3 isolate. Presence, in Brazil, of HEV of genotype 4, which also infects pigs, as well as HEV strains that infect humans still remain to be detected and characterized. C1 [Paiva, Helder Henrique; Haddad, Rodrigo; Yokosawa, Jonny] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Anal Clin Toxicol & Bromatol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Tzaneva, Valentina] Trakia Univ, Univ Hosp, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. RP Yokosawa, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jey2@cdc.gov RI Haddad, Rodrigo/A-3460-2013 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1590/S1517-83822007000400020 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 258VU UT WOS:000252898500020 ER PT J AU Givens, ML Small, CM Terrell, ML Cameron, LL Blanck, HM Tolbert, PE Rubin, C Henderson, AK Marcus, M AF Givens, Marjory L. Small, Chanley M. Terrell, Metrecia L. Cameron, Lorraine L. Blanck, Heidi Michels Tolbert, Paige E. Rubin, Carol Henderson, Alden K. Marcus, Michele TI Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE maternal exposures; infant health; environmental toxicants; gestational age; birth weight; PBB; PCB ID MICHIGAN RESIDENTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PBB INCIDENT; PCB LEVELS; IN-UTERO; SERUM; PRETERM; COHORT; WOMEN AB Understanding the influence of maternal exposures on gestational age and birth weight is essential given that pre-term and/or low birth weight infants are at risk for increased mortality and morbidity. We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) through accidental contamination of cattle feed and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) through residual contamination in the geographic region. Our study population consisted of 444 mothers and their 899 infants born between 1975 and 1997. Using restricted maximum likelihood estimation, no significant association was found between estimated maternal serum PBB at conception or enrollment PCB levels and gestational age or infant birth weight in unadjusted models or in models that adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity, infant gender, and decade of birth. For enrollment maternal serum PBB, no association was observed for gestational age. However, a negative association with high levels of enrollment maternal serum PBB and birth weight was suggested. We also examined the birth weight and gestational age among offspring of women with the highest (10%) PBB or PCB exposure, and observed no significant association. Because brominated compounds are currently used in consumer products and therefore, are increasingly prevalent in the environment, additional research is needed to better understand the potential relationship between in utero exposure to brominated compounds and adverse health outcomes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Environm & Occupat Epidemiol Div, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mmarcus@sph.emory.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; OI Terrell, Metrecia/0000-0001-9406-2226 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012014, R01 ES012014-05, R01 ES08341]; PHS HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224DO UT WOS:000250426500015 PM 17617441 ER PT J AU Karem, KL Reynolds, M Hughes, C Braden, Z Nigam, P Crotty, S Glidewell, J Ahmed, R Amara, R Damon, IK AF Karem, Kevin L. Reynolds, Mary Hughes, Christine Braden, Zach Nigam, Pragati Crotty, Shane Glidewell, John Ahmed, Rafi Amara, Rama Damon, Inger K. TI Monkeypox-induced immunity and failure of childhood smallpox vaccination to provide complete protection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; PRAIRIE DOGS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; MEMORY; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; INDUCTION; HUMANS; CD8(+) AB Following the U.S. monkeypox outbreak of 2003, blood specimens and clinical and epidemiologic data were collected from cases, defined by standard definition, and household contacts of cases to evaluate the role of preexisting (smallpox vaccine-derived) and acquired immunity in susceptibility to monkeypox disease and clinical outcomes. Orthopoxvirus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, CD4, CD8, and B-cell responses were measured at similar to 7 to 14 weeks and 1 year postexposure. Associations between immune responses, smallpox vaccination, and epiderniologic and clinical data were assessed. Participants were categorized into four groups: (i) vaccinated cases, (ii) unvaccinated cases, (iii) vaccinated contacts, and (iv) unvaccinated contacts. Cases, regardless of vaccination status, were positive for orthopoxvirus-specific IgM, IgG, CD4, CD8, and B-cell responses. Antiorthopoxvirus immune responses consistent with infection were observed in some contacts who did not develop monkeypox. Vaccinated contacts maintained low levels of antiorthopoxvirus IgG, CD4, and B-cell responses, with most lacking IgM or CD8 responses. Preexisting immunity, assessed by high antiorthopoxvirus IgG levels and childhood smallpox vaccination, was associated (in a nonsignificant manner) with mild disease. Vaccination failed to provide complete protection against human monkeypox. Previously vaccinated monkeypox cases manifested antiorthopoxvirus IgM and changes in antiorthopoxvirus IgG, CD4, CD8, or B-cell responses as markers of recent infection. Antiorthopoxvirus IgM and CD8 responses occurred most frequently in monkeypox cases (vaccinated and unvaccinated), with IgG, CD4, and memory B-cell responses indicative of vaccine-derived immunity. Immune markers provided evidence of asymptomatic infections in some vaccinated, as well as unvaccinated, individuals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Pox Virus Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Pox Virus Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1318 EP 1327 DI 10.1128/CVI.00148-07 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 220OA UT WOS:000250164800011 PM 17715329 ER PT J AU Wheat, LJ AF Wheat, L. Joseph TI Evaluation of reagents for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INTERFERENCES; IMMUNOASSAY; DIAGNOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wheat, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jwheat@miravistalabs.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1387 EP 1388 DI 10.1128/CVI.00267-07 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 220OA UT WOS:000250164800023 PM 17923497 ER PT J AU Lindsley, MD Holland, HL Bragg, SL Hurst, SF Wannemuehler, KA Morrison, CJ AF Lindsley, Mark D. Holland, Heather L. Bragg, Sandra L. Hurst, Steven F. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Morrison, Christine J. TI Evaluation of reagents for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria - Reply SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLindsley@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1388 EP 1388 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 220OA UT WOS:000250164800024 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Zajdowicz, MJ Hankinson, AL Costigan, DJ Toney, SR Rothel, JS Daniels, LJ Pascual, FB Shang, N Keep, LW LoBue, PA AF Mazurek, Gerald H. Zajdowicz, Margan J. Hankinson, Arlene L. Costigan, Daniel J. Toney, Sean R. Rothel, James S. Daniels, Laura J. Pascual, F. Brian Shang, Nong Keep, Lisa W. LoBue, Philip A. TI Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in united states navy recruits using the tuberculin skin test or whole-blood interferon-gamma release assays SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RESPONSES; CALMETTE-GUERIN VACCINATION; FILTRATE PROTEIN 10; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIGENS ESAT-6; CLOSED ENVIRONMENT; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; CFP-10 AB Background. Military personnel are at risk for acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection because of activities in close quarters and in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Accurate tests are needed to avoid unnecessary treatment because of false-positive results and to avoid TB because of false-negative results and failure to diagnose and treat M. tuberculosis infection. We sought to estimate the specificity of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and 2 whole-blood interferon-gamma release assays (QuantiFERON-TB assay [QFT] and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay [QFT-G]) and to identify factors associated with test discordance. Methods. A cross-sectional comparison study was performed in which 856 US Navy recruits were tested for M. tuberculosis infection using the TST, QFT, and QFT-G. Results. Among the study subjects, 5.1% of TSTs resulted in an induration >= 10 mm, and 2.9% of TSTs resulted in an induration >= 15 mm. Eleven percent of QFT results and 0.6% of QFT-G results were positive. Assuming recruits at low risk for M. tuberculosis exposure were not infected, estimates of TST specificity were 99.1% ( 95% confidence interval [CI], 98.3%-99.9%) when a 15-mm cutoff value was used and 98.4% ( 95% CI, 97.3%-99.4%) when a 10-mm cutoff value was used. The estimated QFT specificity was 92.3% ( 95% CI, 90.0%-94.5%), and the estimated QFT-G specificity was 99.8% ( 95% CI, 99.5%-100%). Recruits who were born in countries with a high prevalence of TB were 26-40 times more likely to have discordant results involving a positive TST result and a negative QFT-G result than were recruits born in countries with a low prevalence of TB. Nineteen (50%) of 38 recruits with this type of discordant results had a TST induration >= 15 mm. Conclusions. The QFT-G and TST are more specific than the QFT. No statistically significant difference in specificity between the QFT-G and TST was found using a 15-mm induration cutoff value. The discordant results observed among recruits with increased risk of M. tuberculosis infection may have been because of lower TST specificity or lower QFT- G sensitivity. Negative QFT- G results for recruits born in countries where TB is highly prevalent and whose TST induration was >= 15 mm suggest that the QFT- G may be less sensitive than the TST. Additional studies are needed to determine the risk of TB when TST and QFT- G results are discordant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Naval Hosp Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, MS E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gym6@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 826 EP 836 DI 10.1086/521106 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 207FV UT WOS:000249237900002 PM 17806046 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Weis, SE Moonan, PK Daley, CL Bernardo, J Lardizabal, AA Reves, RR Toney, SR Daniels, LJ LoBue, PA AF Mazurek, Gerald H. Weis, Stephen E. Moonan, Patrick K. Daley, Charles L. Bernardo, John Lardizabal, Alfred A. Reves, Randall R. Toney, Sean R. Daniels, Laura J. LoBue, Philip A. TI Prospective comparison of the tuberculin skin test and 2 whole-blood interferon-gamma release assays in persons with suspected tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RESPONSES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIGENS ESAT-6; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ENUMERATION AB Background. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are attractive alternatives to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the inability to definitively confirm the presence of most M. tuberculosis infections hampers assessment of IGRA accuracy. Although IGRAs are primarily indicated for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection, we sought to determine the sensitivity of the TST and 2 whole-blood IGRAs (QuantiFERON-TB assay [QFT] and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay [QFT-G]) in situations in which infection is confirmed by recovery of M. tuberculosis by culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional comparison study in which 148 persons suspected to have tuberculosis were tested simultaneously with the TST, QFT, and QFT-G. Results. M. tuberculosis was cultured from samples from 69 (47%) of 148 persons suspected to have tuberculosis; the TST induration was >= 5 mm for 51 (73.9%) of the 69 subjects (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.5%-82.8%). The QFT indicated tuberculosis infection for 48 (69.6%) of the 69 subjects ( 95% CI, 57.9%-79.2%) and was indeterminate for 7 (10.1%). The QFT-G yielded positive results for 46 (66.7%) of the 69 subjects (95% CI, 54.9%-76.7%) and indeterminate results for 9 subjects (13.0%). If subjects with indeterminate QFT-G results were excluded, 46 (76.7%) of 60 subjects ( 95% CI, 64.6%-85.6%) had positive TST results, and the same number of subjects had positive QFT-G results. HIV infection was associated with false-negative TST results but not with false-negative QFT-G results. Conclusions. The TST, QFT, and QFT-G have similar sensitivity in persons with culture-confirmed infection. As with the TST, negative QFT and QFT-G results should not be used to exclude the diagnosis of tuberculosis in persons with suggestive signs or symptoms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Tarrant Cty Publ Hlth, Ft Worth, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, MS E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gym6@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065; Bernardo, John/0000-0002-3922-0559 NR 37 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 837 EP 845 DI 10.1086/521107 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 207FV UT WOS:000249237900003 PM 17806047 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, RE Roberson, A Cieslak, PR Lynfield, R Gershman, K Craig, A Albanese, BA Farley, MM Barrett, NL Spina, NL Beall, B Harrison, LH Reingold, A Van Beneden, C AF O'Loughlin, Rosalyn E. Roberson, Angela Cieslak, Paul R. Lynfield, Ruth Gershman, Ken Craig, Allen Albanese, Bernadette A. Farley, Monica M. Barrett, Nancy L. Spina, Nancy L. Beall, Bernard Harrison, Lee H. Reingold, Arthur Van Beneden, Chris CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI The epidemiology of invasive group a streptococcal infection and potential vaccine implications: United States, 2000-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIGH DIVERSITY; RISK-FACTORS; EMM TYPES; DISEASE; IMMUNOGENICITY; PYOGENES; SAFETY; ADULTS AB Background. Invasive group A Streptococcus ( GAS) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. We report the current epidemiologic characteristics of invasive GAS infections and estimate the potential impact of a multivalent GAS vaccine. Methods. From January 2000 through December 2004, we collected data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs), a population-based system operating at 10 US sites ( 2004 population, 29.7 million). We defined a case of invasive GAS disease as isolation of GAS from a normally sterile site or from a wound specimen obtained from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a surveillance area resident. All available isolates were emm typed. We used US census data to calculate rates and to make age- and race-adjusted national projections. Results. We identified 5400 cases of invasive GAS infection (3.5 cases per 100,000 persons), with 735 deaths ( case-fatality rate, 13.7%). Case-fatality rates for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis were 36% and 24%, respectively. Incidences were highest among elderly persons (9.4 cases per 100,000 persons), infants (5.3 cases per 100,000 persons), and black persons (4.7 cases per 100,000 persons) and were stable over time. We estimate that 8950-11,500 cases of invasive GAS infection occur in the United States annually, resulting in 1050 1850 deaths. The emm types in a proposed 26-valent vaccine accounted for 79% of all cases and deaths. Independent factors associated with death include increasing age; having streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, or bacteremia; and having emm types 1, 3, or 12. Conclusions. GAS remains an important cause of severe disease in the United States. The introduction of a vaccine could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality due to these infections. C1 Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Loughlin, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwf0@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 243 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1086/521264 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 207FV UT WOS:000249237900005 PM 17806049 ER PT J AU van Belkum, A Tassios, PT Dijkshoorn, L Haeggman, S Cookson, B Fry, NK Fussing, V Green, J Feil, E Gerner-Smidt, P Brisse, S Struelens, M AF van Belkum, A. Tassios, P. T. Dijkshoorn, L. Haeggman, S. Cookson, B. Fry, N. K. Fussing, V. Green, J. Feil, E. Gerner-Smidt, P. Brisse, S. Struelens, M. CA ESCMID ESGEM TI Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII STRAINS; DNA-FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUES; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS AB For bacterial typing to be useful, the development, validation and appropriate application of typing methods must follow unified criteria. Over a decade ago, ESGEM, the ESCMID (Europen Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) Study Group on Epidemiological Markers, produced guidelines for optimal use and quality assessment of the then most frequently used typing procedures. We present here an update of these guidelines, taking into account the spectacular increase in the number and quality of typing methods made available over the past decade. Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages. Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed. Finally, the issues of reporting, standardisation, quality assessment and international networks are discussed. It must be emphasised that typing results can never stand alone and need to be interpreted in the context of all available epidemiological, clinical and demographical data relating to the infectious disease under investigation. A strategic effort on the part of all workers in the field is thus mandatory to combat emerging infectious diseases, as is financial support from national and international granting bodies and health authorities. C1 Erasmus MC, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Athens, Dept Microbiol, Athens, Greece. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Leiden, Netherlands. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, Solna, Sweden. Lab Hlth Care Associated Infect, London, England. Resp & Syst Infect Lab, London, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Stat Modelling & Bioinformat Dept, London, England. Novo Nordisk AS, QC Microbiol SDK, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. Univ Bath, Dept Biol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Pasteur, Unit BBPE28, Paris, France. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Hop Erasme, Brussels, Belgium. RP van Belkum, A (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Dr Molewaterpl 40, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.vanbelkum@erasmusmc.nl OI Tassios, Panayotis T/0000-0001-5016-559X NR 321 TC 358 Z9 372 U1 10 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 SU 3 BP 1 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01786.x PG 46 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 203LO UT WOS:000248976300001 PM 17716294 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, William E. Jeffery, Geoffrey M. TI Plasmodium malatiae: Parasite and disease SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID UGANDA-I/CDC STRAIN; ANOPHELES LABRANCHIAE ATROPARVUS; MALARIAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY; ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; AOTUS MONKEYS AB A review of the life history of Plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. Much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. Prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection), fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with P. malatiae were obtained and are presented. Experimental and known vectors of the parasite are also discussed. Splenectomized chimpanzees and New World monkeys are readily infected and serve as sources of parasites and antigens for diagnostic and molecular studies. South American monkeys are naturally infected with a parasite known as Plasmodium brasilianum. This parasite appears to be P. malariae that has adapted from humans to grow in monkeys, probably within the last 500 years. Infection with P. malariae is associated with the production of immune complexes in the kidneys and the associated nephrotic syndrome. The essential lesions are a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and endocapillary cell proliferation. Studies of monkeys infected with P. malatiae indicate the same pathology as that demonstrated in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot,Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot,Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 121 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 579 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00027-07 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 223KD UT WOS:000250368000003 PM 17934075 ER PT J AU Crawford, SB Kosinski, AS Lin, HM Williamson, JM Barnhart, HX AF Crawford, Sara B. Kosinski, Andrzej S. Lin, Hung-Mo Williamson, John M. Barnhart, Huiman X. TI Computer programs for the concordance correlation coefficient SO COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE agreement; bootstrap; concordance correlation coefficient; dependence; reproducibility ID EVALUATE REPRODUCIBILITY; AGREEMENT AB The CCC macro is presented for computation of the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), a common measure of reproducibility. The macro has been produced in both SAS and R, and a detailed presentation of the macro input and output for the SAS program is included. The macro provides estimation of three versions of the CCC, as presented by Lin [L.I.-K. Lin, A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility, Biometrics 45 (1989) 255-2681, Barnhart et al. [HX Barnhart, J.L. Haber, J.L. Song, Overall concordance correlation coefficient for evaluating agreement among multiple observers, Biometrics 58 (2002)1020-1027], and Williamson etal. U.M. Williamson, S.B. Crawford, H.M. Lin, Resampling dependent concordance correlation coefficients, J. Biopharm. Stat. 17 (2007) 685-6961. It also provides bootstrap confidence intervals for the CCC, as well as for the difference in CCCs for both independent and dependent samples. The macro is designed for balanced data only. Detailed explanation of the involved computations and macro variable definitions are provided in the text. Two biomedical examples are included to illustrate that the macro can be easily implemented. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27715 USA. Penn State Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Crawford, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sgv0@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH70028] NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0169-2607 J9 COMPUT METH PROG BIO JI Comput. Meth. Programs Biomed. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.cmpb.2007.07.003 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 213FE UT WOS:000249650800007 PM 17709153 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Moro, PL Schantz, PM AF Garcia, Hector H. Moro, Pedro L. Schantz, Peter M. TI Zoonotic helminth infections of humans: echinococcosis, cysticercosis and fascioliasis SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE cysticercosis; Echinococcus; Fasciola; helminths; Taenia solium; Zoonoses ID HEPATIC CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VITRO; DIAGNOSIS; VACCINE; NITAZOXANIDE; PROGRESS AB Purpose of review Tissue parasites of humans are still prevalent in most regions of the world, and are also seen more frequently in developed countries due to increasing travel patterns. In particular, Echinococcus infections still account for hepatic and pulmonary pathology, cysticercosis is a major cause of seizures and epilepsy, and fascioliasis also causes significant liver pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on clinical and epidemiologic aspects of zoonotic disease caused by tissue helminths. Recent findings Tissue helminth infections remain as a public health concern. Recent research has provided new insights into clinical disease in humans and improved methods for diagnosis, treatment and control, arising mostly from the application of new techniques for immune and molecular diagnosis, availability of data from controlled trials, and development of new vaccines. Specific antiparasitic therapies are now better characterized, and new control tools are available. Summary Recent research has provided new diagnostic technologies applicable to diagnosis, treatment and control, but effective interventions to reduce transmission are rarely applied. Despite some progress in their control, these zoonoses continue to be a major public health problem in many regions both in developing countries and in some more developed ones. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticerosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Immunizat Safety Off, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Sci, Dept Microbiol, Av H Delgado 430,SMP,Lima 31, Lima, Peru. EM hgarcia@jhsph.edu FU Wellcome Trust NR 61 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a95e39 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 217SC UT WOS:000249966600007 PM 17762782 ER PT J AU Secor, WE Sundstrom, JB AF Secor, W. Evan Sundstrom, J. Bruce TI Below the belt: new insights into potential complications of HIV-1/schistosome coinfections SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE HIV-1; intestine; mast cells; mucosa; schistosomiasis ID T-CELL DEPLETION; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ENTERIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; HIV-1 INFECTION; MAST-CELLS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; HELMINTH INFECTION AB Purpose of review Areas of the world with high endemnicity for helminth parasites overlap with those regions that have a seemingly disproportionate prevalence of HIV/AIDS. This has fueled speculation that potential pathological interactions between these infectious agents may accelerate disease progression. The proximity of many helminth infections to gastrointestinal mucosal sites combined with the recent discovery that acute HIV-1 infection causes early and massive depletion of CD4(+) T cells in the gut furthers the potential pathological significance of co-infection. In this review, the 'gut wrenching' consequences of schistosome infection on HIV disease progression that may ensue during coinfection are considered. Recent findings Massive depletion of CD4(+) T cells in the gut during acute HIV-1 infection suggests that in addition to the administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy, limiting viral infection of susceptible cells in the gut after initial exposure may offer the best opportunity for slowing disease progression. In addition to memory T cells, mast cells, which are present in the intestinal lamina propria and upregulated in the gut during schistosome infection, have been recently described as an inducible reservoir of persistent HIV-1 infection. Summary Schistosome infections create immune environments that may accelerate HIV disease progression. Their impact on highly active antiretroviral therapy should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS-F36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI062383] NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282e9ac03 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 217SC UT WOS:000249966600012 PM 17762787 ER PT J AU Valdez, R Yoon, PW Liu, T Khoury, M AF Valdez, Rodolfo Yoon, Paula W. Liu, Tiebin Khoury, Muinj. TI Family history and prevalence of diabetes in the US population - The 6-year results from the national health and nutrition examination survey (1999-2004) SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID SCREENING TOOL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE - We sought to test the association between stratified levels of familial risk of diabetes and the prevalence of the disease in the U.S. population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This study includes 16,388 adults interviewed for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2004. Fasting glucose was available for a subsample of 6,004 participants. Familial risk of diabetes was classified as average, moderate, or high. The prevalence and the odds of having diabetes were estimated for each risk class after accounting for other risk factors. RESULTS - Overall, 69.8% of the U.S. adults were in the average, 22.7% in the moderate, and 7.5% in the high familial risk for diabetes. The crude prevalence of diabetes for each risk class was 5.9, 14.8, and 30%, respectively. The graded association between familial risk and prevalence of diabetes remained even after accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, hypertension, income, and education. Versus people in the average risk class, independently of other risk factors considered, the odds of having diabetes for people in the moderate and high familial risk categories were, respectively, 2.3 and 5.5 times higher. CONCLUSIONS - In the U.S. population, family history of diabetes has a significant, independent, and graded association with the prevalence of diabetes. This association not only highlights the importance of shared genes and environment in diabetes but also opens the possibility of formally adding family history to public health strategies aimed at detecting and preventing the disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Public Hlth Genom, Coordinat Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Public Hlth Genom, Coordinat Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rvaldez@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2517 EP 2522 DI 10.2337/dc07-0720 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 221JN UT WOS:000250223400020 PM 17634276 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, A Snehalatha, C Yamuna, A Mary, S Ping, Z AF Ramachandran, Ambady Snehalatha, Chamukuttan Yamuna, Annasami Mary, Simon Ping, Zhang TI Cost-effectiveness of the interventions in the primary prevention of diabetes among Asian Indians - Within-trial results of the Indian diabetes prevention programme (IDPP) SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS; METFORMIN AB OBJECTIVE - In the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP), a 3-year randomized, controlled trial, lifestyle modification (LSM) and metformin helped to prevent type 2 diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The direct medical costs and cost-effectiveness of the interventions relative to the control group are reported here. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Relative effectiveness and costs of interventions (LSM, metformin, and LSM and metformin) in the IDPP were estimated from the health care system perspective. Costs of intervention considered were only the direct medical costs. Direct nonmedical, indirect, and research costs were excluded. The cost-effectiveness of interventions was measured as the amount spent to prevent one case of diabetes within the 3-year trial period. RESULTS - The direct medical cost to identify one subject With IGT was Indian rupees (INR) 5,278 ($117). Direct medical costs of interventions over the 3-year trial period were INR 2,739 ($61) per subject in the control group, INR 10,136 ($225) with LSM, INR 9,881 ($220) with metformin, and INR 12,144 ($270) with LSM and metformin. The number of individuals needed to treat to prevent a case of diabetes was 6.4 with LSM, 6.9 with metformin, and 6.5 with LSM and metformin. Cost-effectiveness to prevent one case of diabetes with LSM was INR 47,341 ($1,052), with metformin INR 49,280 ($1,095), and with LSM and metformin INR 61,133 ($1,359). CONCLUSIONS - Both LSM and metformin were cost-effective interventions for preventing diabetes among high risk-individuals in India and perhaps may be useful in other developing countries as well. The long-term cost-effectiveness of the interventions needs to be assessed. C1 Dr A Ramachandrans Diabet Hosp, India Diabet Res Fdn, Madras 600008, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramachandran, A (reprint author), Dr A Ramachandrans Diabet Hosp, India Diabet Res Fdn, 28 Marshalls Rd,Egmore, Madras 600008, Tamil Nadu, India. EM ramachandran@vsnl.com NR 16 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2548 EP 2552 DI 10.2337/dc07-0150 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 221JN UT WOS:000250223400025 PM 17670917 ER PT J AU Maahs, DM Snively, BM Bell, RA Dolan, L Hirsch, I Imperatore, G Linder, B Marcovina, SM Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Rodriguez, BL Dabelea, D AF Maahs, David M. Snively, Beverly M. Bell, Ronny A. Dolan, Lawrence Hirsch, Irl Imperatore, Giuseppina Linder, Barbara Marcovina, Santica M. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Pettitt, David J. Rodriguez, Beatriz L. Dabelea, Dana TI Higher prevalence of elevated albumin excretion in youth with type 2 than type I diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NATURAL-HISTORY; RENAL-DISEASE; PIMA-INDIANS; MICROALBUMINURIA; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; MELLITUS; YOUNG AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate the prevalence of an elevated albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (>= 30 mu g/mg) among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and to identify factors associated with elevated ACR and their effect on the relationship between elevated ACR and type of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 259 participants with onset of diabetes at < 20 years of age in the SEARCH for Diabetes in 3, Youth, a multicenter observational study of diabetes in youth. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore determinants of elevated ACR and factors accounting for differences in this prevalence between type 2 and type I diabetes. RESULTS- The prevalence of elevated ACR was 9.2% in type 1 and 22.2% in type 2 diabetes (prevalence ratio 2.4 [95% Cl 1.9-3.0]; P < 0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, female sex, ACR and triglyceride values, hypertension, and type of diabetes (type 2 versus type 1) were significantly associated with elevated ACR. Adjustment for variables related to insulin resistance (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and inflammation)attenuated,but did not comletely explain, the association of diabetes type wit CONCLUSIONS - Youth with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of elevated ACR than youth with type I diabetes, in an association that apparently does not completely depend on age, duration of diabetes, race/ethnicity, sex, level of glycemic control, or features of insulin resistance. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Maahs, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, POB 6511,Mail Stop A140, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM david.maahs@uchsc.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [DP-05-069]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00069, M01RR08084, M01RR00037, M01RR001271, M01RR01070] NR 44 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2593 EP 2598 DI 10.2337/dc07-0450 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 221JN UT WOS:000250223400036 PM 17630264 ER PT J AU Nahmias, AJ Olsen, J Swamy, A Lee, F Vogt, R AF Nahmias, A. J. Olsen, J. Swamy, A. Lee, F. Vogt, R. TI A novel indirect infection mechanism, involving the developing nervous system, related to neuromental disorders in later life SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nahmias, A. J.; Lee, F.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Olsen, J.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Olsen, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Swamy, A.; Vogt, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM nahmias@bell.south.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 SU 1 BP S84 EP S84 DI 10.1016/S0378-3782(07)70176-7 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 232YS UT WOS:000251058200177 ER PT J AU Brunkard, JM Lopez, JLR Ramirez, J Cifuentes, E Rothenberg, SJ Hunsperger, EA Moore, CG Brussolo, RM Villarreal, NA Haddad, BM AF Brunkard, Joan Marie Lopez, Jose Luis Robles Ramirez, Josue Cifuentes, Enrique Rothenberg, Stephen J. Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Moore, Chester G. Brussolo, Regina M. Villarreal, Norma A. Haddad, Brent M. TI Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; PATHOGENESIS; COUNTRIES; BORNE AB Reported autochthonous dengue fever transmission in the United States has been limited to 5 south Texas border counties since 1980. We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey in Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico (n = 600), in 2004 to assess dengue seroprevalence. Recent dengue infection was detected in 2% (95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.5%-3.5%) and 7.3% (95% Cl 4.3%-10.3%) of residents in Brownsville and Matamoros, respectively. Past infection was detected in 40% (95% Cl 34%-45%) of Brownsville residents and 78% (95% Cl 74%-83%) of Matamoros residents. For recent infection, only weekly family income <=$100 was a significant predictor (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% Cl 1.3-8.0). Risk factors that predicted past dengue infection were presence of larval habitat, absence of air-conditioning and street drainage, and weekly family income <=$100. Mosquito larvae were present in 30% of households in both cities. Our results show that dengue fever is endemic in this area of the southern Texas-Mexico border. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Serv Salud Jurisddicc Sanitaria 3, Matamoros, Mexico. Dept Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl Merida, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Merida, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lab Estal Salud Publ Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico. RP Brunkard, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jbrunkard@cdc.gov RI Rothenberg, Stephen/A-1313-2008; Rothenberg, Stephen/A-2147-2009 NR 36 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1477 EP 1483 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800006 PM 18257990 ER PT J AU Brooks, WA Terebuh, P Bridges, C Klimov, A Goswami, D Sharmeen, AT Azim, T Erdman, D Hall, H Luby, S Breiman, RF AF Brooks, W. Abdullah Terebuh, Pauline Bridges, Carolyn Klimov, Alexander Goswami, Doli Sharmeen, Amina Tahia Azim, Tasnim Erdman, Dean Hall, Henrietta Luby, Stephen Breiman, Robert F. TI Influenza A and B infection in children in urban slum, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; BURDEN; VIRUS; YOUNG C1 ICDDR B, Div Hlth Syst & Infect Dis, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Georgia State Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Brooks, WA (reprint author), ICDDR B, Div Hlth Syst & Infect Dis, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM abrooks@icddrb.org NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1507 EP 1508 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800013 ER PT J AU LeBreton, M Yang, O Tamoufe, U Mpoudi-Ngole, E Torimiro, JN Djoko, CF Carr, JK Prosser, AT Rimoin, AW Birx, DL Burke, DS Wolfe, ND AF LeBreton, Matthew Yang, Otto Tamoufe, Ubald Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel Torimiro, Judith N. Djoko, Cyrille F. Carr, Jean K. Prosser, A. Tassy Rimoin, Anne W. Birx, Deborah L. Burke, Donald S. Wolfe, Nathan D. TI Exposure to wild primates among HIV-infected persons SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE; DISEASES; HUNTERS; VIRUS AB HIV-1 is an immunosuppressive pathogen. Our behavioral data for 191 HIV-1-infected rural Cameroonians show frequent exposure to nonhuman primates through activities such as hunting and butchering. Immunosuppression among persons exposed to body fluids of wild nonhuman primates could favor the process of adaptation and subsequent emergence of zoonotic pathogens. C1 Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Wolfe, ND (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM nwolfe@ucla.edu OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU FIC NIH HHS [2D43TW000010-17AITRP, 5 K01 TW000003-05, K01 TW000003]; NIH HHS [DP1 OD000370, DP1-OD000370] NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1579 EP 1582 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800029 PM 18258013 ER PT J AU Brooks, WA Erdman, D Terebuh, P Klimov, A Goswami, D Sharmeen, AT Azim, T Luby, S Bridges, C Breiman, R AF Brooks, W. Abdullah Erdman, Dean Terebuh, Pauline Klimov, Alexander Goswami, Doli Sharmeen, Amina Tahia Azim, Tasnim Luby, Stephen Bridges, Carolyn Breiman, Robert TI Human metapneumovirus infection among children, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TRACT DISEASE; BRONCHIOLITIS; PNEUMONIA; INFLUENZA; INFANTS; ZINC AB We confirmed circulation of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among children with febrile and respiratory illness in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during active surveillance in 2001. HMPV was the most common single virus identified among febrile children and appears to contribute to the high rates of illness in this population. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, B Div Hlth Syst & Infect Dis, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Brooks, WA (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, B Div Hlth Syst & Infect Dis, GPO Box 128 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM abrooks@icddrb.org NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1613 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800038 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Rats, global poverty, and paying the piper SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1623 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800044 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Panuwet, P Nguyen, JV Udunka, S Needham, LL AF Barr, Dana B. Panuwet, Parinya Nguyen, Johnny V. Udunka, Simeon Needham, Larry L. TI Assessing exposure to atrazine and its metabolites using biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; chlorotriazines; environmental; exposure assessment ID FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; GROUND-WATER; HUMAN URINE; RATS; HERBICIDES; CONTAMINATION; REMEDIATION; PESTICIDES; REMOVAL AB BACKGROUND: Atrazine (ATZ) is the second most abundantly applied pesticide in the United States. When we assessed exposure to ATZ by measuring its urinary mercapturic acid metabolite, general population data indicated that < 5% of the population was exposed to ATZ-related chemicals (limit of detection < 0.8 ng/mL). OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine if we were underestimating ATZ exposure by measuring its urinary mercapturic acid metabolite and if the urinary metabole profile changed with the exposure scenario. METHODS: We conducted a small-scale study involving 24 persons classified as high- (n = 8), low(n = 5), and environmental- (n = 11) exposed to ATZ. Using online solid phase extraction high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we measured nine ATZ-related metabolites in urine that included dealkylated, hydroxylated, and mercapturic acid metabolites. RESULTS: We found that the urinary metabolite profiles varied greatly among exposure scenarios and among persons within each exposure scenario. Although diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) appeared to be the predominant urinary metabolite detected in each exposure category, the variation in proportion of total ATZ metabolites among persons was consistently large, suggesting that one metabolite alone could not be measured as a surrogate for ATZ exposure. CONCLUSIONS: We have likely been underestimating population-based exposures by measuring only one urinary ATZ metabolite. Multiple urinary metabolites must be measured to accurately classify exposure to ATZ and its environmental degradates. Regardless, DACT and desethylatrazine appear to be the most important metabolites to measure to evaluate exposures to ATZ-related chemicals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 115 IS 10 BP 1474 EP 1478 DI 10.1289/ehp.10141 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 216UQ UT WOS:000249904900040 PM 17938738 ER PT J AU Chevrier, J Eskenazi, B Bradman, A Fenster, L Barr, DB AF Chevrier, Jonathan Eskenazi, Brenda Bradman, Asa Fenster, Laura Barr, Dana B. TI Associations between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in a Mexican-American population, Salinas Valley, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; enzyme inducers; in utero; microsomal enzymes; neonatal; polychlorinated; biphenyls; prenatal; thyroid hormone; TSH; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; PERINATAL PCB EXPOSURE; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; DIETARY EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN-SERUM; IN-UTERO AB BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may alter neurodevelopment in both humans and animals. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to some PCB congeners and commercial mixtures has been shown to decrease free and total thyroxine (T-4) blood levels in animals. Because thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal neurologic development, it has been suggested that the deleterious neurodevelopmental effect of PCBs may occur through TH disruption. PCBs may in turn affect TH levels by inducing the microsomal enzyme uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT), which is involved in TH elimination. OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to group PCB congeners based on their potential to induce microsomal enzymes in animals, and to examine the relationship between neonatal TSH levels and prenatal exposure to PCB congeners grouped according to their structure and potential mechanisms of action. METHODS: We measured the concentration of 34 PCB congeners in serum samples collected from 285 pregnant women and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in their children's blood collected shortly after birth. RESULTS: We found no association between the sum of PCB congeners, the toxic equivalents, or structure-based groupings (mono- or di-ortho substituted congeners), and TSH blood concentration. However, we found a positive association between the sum of congeners suspected to be UDP-GT inducers (more specifically cytochrome P450 2B inducers) in animals and neonatal TSH levels. In individual congener analyses, PCBs 99, 138, 153, 180, 183, 187, 194, and 199 were positively associated with neonatal TSH levels after adjustment for covariates. PCBS 194 and 199 remained significant after adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support grouping PCB congeners based on their potential mechanism of action of enzyme induction when investigating associations with TH. Findings also suggest that PCBs affect TH homeostasis even at the low background level of exposure found in the CHAMA-COS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) population. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007400, R01OH007400] NR 70 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 115 IS 10 BP 1490 EP 1496 DI 10.1289/ehp.9843 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 216UQ UT WOS:000249904900043 PM 17938741 ER PT J AU Small, CM Cheslack-Postava, K Terrell, M Blanck, HM Tolbert, P Rubin, C Henderson, A Marcus, M AF Small, Chanley M. Cheslack-Postava, Keely Terrell, Metrecia Blanck, Heidi Michels Tolbert, Paige Rubin, Carol Henderson, Alden Marcus, Michele TI Risk of spontaneous abortion among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spontaneous abortion; miscarriage; pregnancy; polybrominated biphenyls; polychlorinated biphenyls ID MACACA-MULATTA MONKEYS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MENARCHEAL AGE; AROCLOR-1254 INGESTION; TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE; CAUSAL CONNECTION; PREGNANCY LOSS; DAIRY-CATTLE AB Accidental contamination of livestock in Michigan in 1973 with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals in 1976. At the time of enrollment, serum was collected and analyzed for PBBs and polychlorinated biphenyis (PCBs). In 1997, women aged 18 years or older and active in the registry were invited to participate in a telephone interview about their health. Using generalized estimating equations to account for correlated outcomes within the same woman, we assessed the risk of spontaneous abortion among 529 women with 1344 potentially exposed pregnancies. PBB and PCB exposure were not associated with risk of spontaneous abortion after adjusting for maternal age at conception, age at menarche, and prior infertility. Compared to pregnancies with PBB exposure below the limit of detection, those with levels above 2.9 ppb had a non-significant reduced odds of spontaneous abortion (adjusted OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.47-1.13). Compared to pregnancies with PCB exposure below the limit of detection, those with levels above 6.5 ppb had little difference in risk (adjusted OR= 0.91; 95% CI = 0.59-1.41). Maternal age at conception above 34 years was significantly associated with elevated risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.10-5.49). The effect of prior infertility was of borderline significance (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 0.98-2.38). Older age at menarche was associated with decreased risk of spontaneous abortion (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, comparing menarche at 12-13 with menarche < 12). Our results do not support an association between exposure to PBBs or PCBs and risk of spontaneous abortion. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Small, CM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM csmall@sph.emory.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; OI Terrell, Metrecia/0000-0001-9406-2226 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012014, R01 ES012014-05, R01 ES08341]; PHS HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.11.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 218VC UT WOS:000250042200009 PM 17239850 ER PT J AU Cifuentes, E Frumkin, H AF Cifuentes, Enrique Frumkin, Howard TI Environmental injustice: case studies from the South SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE environmental justice; health disparities; human rights; policy; Latin America ID OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH RESEARCH; STATES-MEXICAN BORDER; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SMALL-SCALE; DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; MAQUILADORA WORK; BLOOD MERCURY; GLOBALIZATION; CHILDREN; ECUADOR AB We selected three case studies to illustrate environmental injustice issues in the South. These examples relate to migrant agricultural workers, the maquiladora industry and artisanal mining, while reviewing some of the major mechanisms involved, e. g. multinational corporations, the development of free trade zones, multilateral free trade agreements and the export of hazards. A series of strategies are discussed in order to address environmental injustice and health disparities that exist on a global scale. Some of the recommendations involve policy initiatives; others, such as research and mentorship, fall within the traditional domain of public health practice. In this paper, special attention is given to concerned environmental and occupational health professionals using evidence-based data for advocacy. For lasting changes to be made, however, stronger institutions and legislation are required. Those who have the 'right to know' about environmental injustice issues include communities of concern, workers' representatives and lawyers. Government officials and company officials may eventually work on the basis of conflict resolution, compensation and remediation, to quote some examples. Systematic approaches to protect both the environment and public health must be updated. C1 [Cifuentes, Enrique] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. [Frumkin, Howard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cifuentes, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Av Univ 655, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 AR 045034 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045034 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269ML UT WOS:000253653000039 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Nalluswami, K Snider, C Perch, M Balasegaram, M Burmeister, D Lockett, J Sandt, C Hoekstra, RM Montgomery, S AF Gupta, S. K. Nalluswami, K. Snider, C. Perch, M. Balasegaram, M. Burmeister, D. Lockett, J. Sandt, C. Hoekstra, R. M. Montgomery, S. TI Outbreak of Salmonella Braenderup infections associated with Roma tomatoes, northeastern United States, 2004: a useful method for subtyping exposures in field investigations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; MONTEVIDEO; PLANTS AB Salmonella Braenderup is an uncommon serotype in the United States. In July 2004, a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Braenderup diarrhoeal infections occurred, with 125 clinical isolates identified. To investigate, we conducted a case-control study, enrolling 32 cases and 63 matched controls. Cheese, lettuce and tomato eaten at restaurants all appeared to be associated with illness. To further define specific exposures, we conducted a second study and asked managers of restaurants patronized by patients and controls about cheese, lettuce and tomato varieties used in dishes their patrons reported consuming. This information was obtained for 27 cases and 29 controls. Roma tomatoes were the only exposure significantly associated with illness (odds ratio 4 center dot 3, 95% confidence interval 1 center dot 2-15 center dot 9). Roma tomatoes from two restaurants were traced back to a single tomato packing house. The methods used in this field investigation to define specific exposures may be useful for other foodborne outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM seg7@cdc.gov OI perch, michael/0000-0001-9740-1246 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1165 EP 1173 DI 10.1017/S0950268807007911 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 231JB UT WOS:000250941800016 PM 17274858 ER PT J AU Easterbrook, JD Kaplan, JB Vanasco, NB Reeves, WK Purcell, RH Kosoy, MY Glass, GE Watson, J Klein, SL AF Easterbrook, J. D. Kaplan, J. B. Vanasco, N. B. Reeves, W. K. Purcell, R. H. Kosoy, M. Y. Glass, G. E. Watson, J. Klein, S. L. TI A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INNER-CITY; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; RENAL SYNDROME; WILD RATS; INFECTION; BARTONELLA AB Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) carry several zoonotic pathogens and because rats and humans live in close proximity in urban environments, there exists potential for transmission. To identify zoonotic agents carried by rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, we live-trapped 201 rats during 2005-2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Antibodies against Seoul virus (57 center dot 7%), hepatitis E virus (HEV, 73 center dot 5%), Leptospira interrogans (65 center dot 3%), Bartonella elizabethae (34 center dot 1%), and Rickettsia typhi (7 center dot 0%) were detected in Norway rats. Endoparasites, including Calodium hepatica (87 center dot 9%) and Hymenolepis sp. (34 center dot 4%), and ectoparasites (13 center dot 9%, primarily Laelaps echidninus) also were present. The risk of human exposure to these pathogens is a significant public health concern. Because these pathogens cause non-specific and often self-limiting symptoms in humans, infection in human populations is probably underdiagnosed. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Baltimore, MD USA. ANLIS, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp E Coni, RA-8260 Blas Parera, Santa Fe, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Easterbrook, JD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jeasterb@jhsph.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054995] NR 30 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1199 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007746 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 231JB UT WOS:000250941800019 PM 17224086 ER PT J AU Kobau, R Zahran, H Grant, D Thurman, DJ Price, PH Zack, MM AF Kobau, Rosemarie Zahran, Hatice Grant, David Thurman, David J. Price, Patricia H. Zack, Matthew M. TI Prevalence of active epilepsy and health-related quality of life among adults with self-reported epilepsy in California: California Health Interview Survey, 2003 SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizures; prevalence; population health; quality of life; epidemiologic study ID CHRONIC-CARE MODEL; MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INTERVENTION; DISORDER; BURDEN; TELEMEDICINE; COMORBIDITY; POPULATION; MEDICATION AB Purpose: To examine the prevalence of self-reported epilepsy and active epilepsy, associated burden of impaired health-related quality of life, risk factors, and access to care in adults with self-reported epilepsy, and those classified as having active epilepsy with and without recent seizures. Methods: We analyzed data from adults aged >= 18 years (n= 41,494) who participated in the 2003 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Results: In California, 1.2% of adults reported ever being told they had epilepsy or seizure disorder, and 0.7% were classified as having active epilepsy. About three-fourths of adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported fair or poor health status. Adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported almost two weeks of poor physical or mental health and activity limitation days compared with two to 4 days per month in those without epilepsy. Among adults with active epilepsy and recent seizures, about one-quarter reported not taking any medicine to control their seizure disorder or epilepsy. About one-third reported physical disability/unable to work compared to a small proportion of the general population. The majority of adults with active epilepsy reported having a regular source of medical care. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the burden of epilepsy among adults in California. CHIS serves as a model demonstrating the value of including questions about epilepsy on public health surveillance systems to ascertain the burden of the disorder and to guide intervention research and public policy to improve HRQOL in people with epilepsy. C1 AEQol, DACH, NCCDPHP, CoCHP,CDC,MPH,Epilepsy Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), AEQol, DACH, NCCDPHP, CoCHP,CDC,MPH,Epilepsy Program, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RKobau@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD OCT PY 2007 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1904 EP 1913 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01161.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 219LS UT WOS:000250087300011 PM 17565591 ER PT J AU Berge, V Thompson, T Blackman, D AF Berge, Viktor Thompson, Trevor Blackman, Donald TI Additional surgical intervention after radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, or watchful waiting SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; additional surgical intervention; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy; androgen deprivation therapy; watchful waiting ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; NONCURATIVE INTENT; HOSPITAL-CARE; CANCER; POPULATION; COMPLICATIONS; MORBIDITY; NEED AB Objectives: The amount of additional surgical procedures that cancer patients undergo following their initial treatment is one means of measuring the impact that cancer and cancer treatment has on their quality of life. In this study we looked for treatment-related differences in the need for additional surgical intervention among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer within 66 mo of their initial treatment. Methods: Data for this study were from the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and from the Medicare claims database. We searched the claims database for procedure codes indicating artificial urinary sphincter procedures, cystoscopy, urethral dilation, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and bladder-neck incision, bladder irrigation/cystotomy, or nephrostomy. Results: Of the 12,711 patients in our study, 3940 (31.0%) were initially treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), 3950 (31.1%) by radiation therapy (RT), 1209 (9.5%) by androgen- deprivation therapy (ADT), and 3612 (28.4%) by watchful waiting (WW). The percentage of patients who underwent cystoscopy 6-66 mo after their initial treatment ranged narrowly from 22% to 24% among members of the four treatment groups. In the RP group, 5.2% had artificial urinary sphincter procedures; 6.8% of the RT group, 8.2% of the ADT group, and 10.1% of the WW group had TURP/bladder- neck procedures compared with 3.7% of the RP group; and 12.5-16.2% of members in the four groups had urethral dilation procedures. Conclusions: Over one third of prostate cancer patients needed surgical intervention within 66 mo of their initial treatment despite the type of initial treatment. C1 Akershus Univ Hosp, Nordbyhagen, Norway. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berge, V (reprint author), Aker Univ Hosp, Urol Clin, Trondheim 235, N-0514 Oslo, Norway. EM viktbe@online.no NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.012 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 215GZ UT WOS:000249797600018 PM 17178188 ER PT J AU Polzin, GM Stanfill, SB Brown, CR Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Polzin, Gregory M. Stanfill, Stephen B. Brown, Candace R. Ashley, David L. Watson, Clifford H. TI Determination of eugenol, anethole, and coumarin in the mainstream cigarette smoke of Indonesian clove cigarettes SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kretek; clove; cigarette; eugenol; anethole; coumarin ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; FLAVOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS; TOBACCO; ALKENYLBENZENES; CONSTITUENTS; TOXICITY; BIDI AB Indonesian clove cigarettes (kreteks), typically have the appearance of a conventional domestic cigarette. The unique aspects of kreteks are that in addition to tobacco they contain dried clove buds (15-40%, by wt.), and are flavored with a proprietary "sauce". Whereas the clove buds contribute to generating high levels of eugenol in the smoke, the "sauce" may also contribute other potentially harmful constituents in addition to those associated with tobacco use. We measured levels of eugenol, trans-anethole (anethole), and coumarin in smoke from 33 brands of clove-flavored cigarettes (filtered and unfiltered) from five kretek manufacturers. In order to provide information for evaluating the delivery of these compounds under standard smoking conditions, a quantification method was developed for their measurement in mainstream cigarette smoke. The method allowed collection of mainstream cigarette smoke particulate matter on a Cambridge filter pad, extraction with methanol, sampling by automated headspace solid-phase microextraction, and subsequent analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The presence of these compounds was confirmed in the smoke of kreteks using mass spectral library matching, high-resolution mass spectrometry (+/- 0.0002 amu), and agreement with a relative retention time index, and native standards. We found that when kreteks were smoked according to standardized machine smoke parameters as specified by the International Standards Organization, all 33 clove brands contained levels of eugenol ranging from 2490 to 37,900 mu g/cigarette (mu g/cig). Anethole was detected in smoke from 13 brands at levels of 22.8-1030 mu g/cig, and coumarin was detected in 19 brands at levels ranging from 9.2 to 215 mu g/cig. These detected levels are significantly higher than the levels found in commercial cigarette brands available in the United States. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Polzin, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GPolzin@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1948 EP 1953 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.012 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 212LS UT WOS:000249598500019 PM 17583404 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M Yoon, PW Dowling, N Moore, CA Bradley, L AF Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta Yoon, Paula W. Dowling, Nicole Moore, Cynthia A. Bradley, Linda TI The continuum of translation research in genomic medicine: how can we accelerate the appropriate integration of human genome discoveries into health care and disease prevention? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE evidence-based medicine; genomics; public health; translation research ID COA DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; CLINICAL-RESEARCH ENTERPRISE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; FAMILY-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; DISSEMINATION RESEARCH AB Advances in genomics have led to mounting expectations in regard to their impact on health care and disease prevention. In light of this fact, a comprehensive research agenda is needed to move human genome discoveries into health practice in a way that maximizes health benefits and minimizes harm to individuals and populations. We present a framework for the continuum of multidisciplinary translation research that builds on previous characterization efforts in genomics and other areas in health care and prevention. The continuum includes four phases of translation research that revolve around the development of evidence-based guidelines. Phase 1 translation (T1) research seeks to move a basic genome-based discovery into a candidate health application (e.g., genetic test/intervention). Phase 2 translation T2) research assesses the value of a genomic application for health practice leading to the development of evidence-based guidelines. Phase 3 translation (T3) research attempts to move evidence-based guidelines into health practice, through delivery, dissemination, and diffusion research. Phase 4 translation (T4) research seeks to evaluate the "real world" health outcomes of a genomic application in practice. Because the development of evidence-based guidelines is a moving target, the types of translation research can overlap and provide feedback loops to allow integration of new knowledge. Although it is difficult to quantify how much of genomics research is T1, we estimate that no more than 3% of published research focuses on T2 and beyond. Indeed, evidence-based guidelines and T3 and T4 research currently are rare. With continued advances in genomic applications, however, the full continuum of translation research needs adequate support to realize the promise of genomics for human health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 341 Z9 368 U1 0 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e181569d0 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 223IW UT WOS:000250364500001 PM 18073579 ER PT J AU Kalman, L Johnson, MA Beck, J Berry-Kravis, E Buller, A Casey, B Feldman, GL Handsfield, J Jakupciak, JP Maragh, S Matteson, K Muralidharan, K Richie, KL Rohlfs, EM Schaefer, F Sellers, T Spector, E Richards, CS AF Kalman, Lisa Johnson, Monique A. Beck, Jeanne Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth Buller, Arlene Casey, Brett Feldman, Gerald L. Handsfield, James Jakupciak, John P. Maragh, Samantha Matteson, Karla Muralidharan, Kasinathan Richie, Kristy L. Rohlfs, Elizabeth M. Schaefer, Frederick Sellers, Tina Spector, Elaine Richards, C. Sue TI Development of genomic reference materials for Huntington disease genetic testing SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE quality control; Huntington disease; genetic testing; reference materials; CAG repeats ID QUALITY-CONTROL; DNA; RECOMMENDATIONS; REPEAT AB Purpose: Diagnostic and predictive testing for Huntington disease requires an accurate measurement of CAG repeats in the HD (IT15) gene. However, precise repeat sizing can be technically challenging, and is complicated by the lack of quality control and reference materials (RM). The aim of this study was to characterize genomic DNA from 14 Huntington cell lines available from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Human Genetic Cell Repository at the Coriell Cell Repositories for use as reference materials for CAG repeat sizing. Methods: Fourteen Huntington cell lines were selected for study. The alleles in these materials represent a large range of sizes that include important diagnostic cutoffs and allele combinations. The allele measurement study was conducted by ten volunteer laboratories using a variety of polymerase chain reaction-based in-house developed methods and by DNA sequence analysis. Results: The Huntington alleles in the 14 genomic DNA samples range in size from 15 to 100 CAG repeats. There was good agreement among the ten laboratories, and thus, the 95% confidence interval was small for each measurement. The allele size determined by DNA sequence analysis agreed with the laboratory developed tests. Conclusion: These DNA materials, which are available from Coriell Cell Repositories, will facilitate accurate and reliable Huntington genetic testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Genom Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Coriell Cell Repositories, Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Quest Diagnost, Mol Genet, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. Childrens & Womens Hlth Ctr British Columbia, Dept Pathol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit Med Ctr Univ Labs, Detroit, MI USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Knoxville, TN USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. GenzymeCorp, Mol Diagnost Lab, Westborough, MA USA. Ctr Genet Testing St Francis, Tulsa, OK USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. RP Kalman, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LKalman@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e318156e8c1 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 223IW UT WOS:000250364500008 PM 18073586 ER PT J AU Llanos, A Hertrampf, E Cortes, F Pardo, A Grosse, SD Uauy, R AF Llanos, Adolfo Hertrampf, Eva Cortes, Fanny Pardo, Andrea Grosse, Scott D. Uauy, Ricardo TI Cost-effectiveness of a folic acid fortification program in Chile SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; fortified food; cost-effectiveness ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FOOD FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; SPINA-BIFIDA; HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE AGE; FOLATE; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Objective: Periconceptional intake of folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), a frequent birth defect that can cause significant infant mortality and disability. In Chile, fortification of wheat flour with folic acid has resulted in significant reduction in the risk of anencephaly and spina bifida. We investigated the cost-effectiveness implications of this policy. Methods: We conducted an ex-post economic analysis of this intervention. Estimates of the effect of fortification in decreasing NTDs and deaths were derived from a prospective evaluation. The costs of fortification and provision of medical care to children with spina bifida in Chile were based on primary data collection. Findings: The intervention costs per NTD case and infant death averted were I$ 1200 and 11,000, respectively. The cost per DALY averted was I$ 89, 0.8% of Chile's GDP per capita. Taking into account averted costs of care, fortification resulted in net cost savings of I$ 2.3 million. Conclusion: Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid is a cost-effective intervention in Chile, a middle income country in the post-epidemiological transition. This result supports the continuation of the Chile fortification program and constitutes valuable information for policy makers in other countries to consider. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Arnot Ogden Med Ctr, Pediat Med Grp, Elmira, NY 14905 USA. Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Tecnol Los Alimentos INTA, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Llanos, A (reprint author), Arnot Ogden Med Ctr, Pediat Med Grp, Elmira, NY 14905 USA. EM adolfo_llanos@pediatrix.com NR 40 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2-3 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.01.011 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 213PY UT WOS:000249680800015 PM 17363103 ER PT J AU Connelly, M Bruce, M Kasseboum, N Bulkow, L Snowba, M McMahon, BJ AF Connelly, Marc Bruce, Michael Kasseboum, Nicholas Bulkow, Lisa Snowba, Mary McMahon, Brian J. TI The changing epidemiology and etiology of heratocellular carcinoma from 1969 through 2006 in Alaska native people SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 02-06, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatit Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 SU S MA 402 BP 418A EP 418A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 216WT UT WOS:000249910400408 ER PT J AU Pollack, H Won, K Miyoshi, T Tawdekar, S Baker, P McEwen, D Weinbaum, C Bialek, SR Fryer, G Low, R AF Pollack, Henry Won, Kejia Miyoshi, Thomas Tawdekar, Sonali Baker, Paige McEwen, Dean Weinbaum, Cindy Bialek, Stephanie R. Fryer, George Low, Ronald TI Management of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection by primary care physicians in urban hospitals and clinics in New York city SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 02-06, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NYC Hlth & Hosp Corp, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 SU S MA 984 BP 676A EP 676A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 216WT UT WOS:000249910401247 ER PT J AU Hammitt, L Bulkow, L Hennessy, T Zanis, C Snowball, M Williams, JL Bialek, SR McMahon, BJ AF Hammitt, Laura Bulkow, Lisa Hennessy, Thomas Zanis, Carolyn Snowball, Mary Williams, James L. Bialek, Stephanie R. McMahon, Brian J. TI Duration of hepatitis A immunity 10 years following vaccination SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 02-06, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 SU S MA 1453 BP 889A EP 889A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 216WT UT WOS:000249910401726 ER PT J AU Wan, K Miyoshi, T Fryer, G Tawdekar, S Baker, P McEwen, D Weinbaum, C Bialek, SR Low, R Pollack, H AF Wan, Kejia Miyoshi, Thomas Fryer, George Tawdekar, Sonali Baker, Paige McEwen, Dean Weinbaum, Cindy Bialek, Stephanie R. Low, Ronald Pollack, Henry TI Screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by primary care physicians in New York city: Are screening recommendations for persons born in endemic countries being followed? SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 02-06, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Denver Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NYC Hlth & Hosp Corp, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 SU S MA 1454 BP 889A EP 890A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 216WT UT WOS:000249910401727 ER PT J AU Fischer, G Bialek, SR Homan, C Livingston, S McMahon, BJ AF Fischer, Gayle Bialek, Stephanie R. Homan, Chriss Livingston, Stephen McMahon, Brian J. TI Chronic liver disease among Alaska native people, 2003-2004 SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 02-06, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Alask Native Med Ctr, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 SU S MA 1469 BP 895A EP 896A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 216WT UT WOS:000249910401742 ER PT J AU Parra, D Gomez, L Pratt, M Sarmiento, OL Mosquera, J Triche, E AF Parra, Diana Gomez, Luis Pratt, Michael Sarmiento, Olga L. Mosquera, Janeth Triche, Elizabeth TI Policy and built environment changes in Bogota and their importance in health promotion SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE built environment; health promotion; policy and physical activity ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WALKING AB There is an increasing interest in establishing the influence of urban environments on health. The importance of changes to environmental policy in order to promote physical activity has been emphasized during recent years. Bogota, the capital of Columbia, is recognized as a Latin American leader in its creation of a more activity friendly environment. The city has undergone a number of urban and social changes which have resulted in a positive effect on the recovery of public spaces, access to recreational facilities, and promotion of non-motorized and public transportation options. These changes may have enhanced perceptions of quality of life and facilitated increased physical activity. The experience of Bogota could be used as a potential example for leaders of other cities to encourage similar programs. C1 Hlth Div, Fdn FES Soc, Bogota, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Los Andes, Sch Med, Bogota, Colombia. Cornell Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Parra, D (reprint author), 4328 De Tonty St Apt A, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM dianacpp79@yahoo.com OI Sarmiento, Olga/0000-0002-9190-3568 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1420-326X J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1177/1420326X07080462 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222MP UT WOS:000250301800007 ER PT J AU Martin, SB Coffey, CC AF Martin, Stephen B., Jr. Coffey, Christopher C. TI An indoor environmental quality investigation of the Fayette County (Pennsylvania) courthouse SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indoor environment; indoor air quality; mould; volatile organic compounds; ventilation AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a health hazard evaluation (HHE) investigation in the basement of the Fayette County Courthouse in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Employees had reported a variety of health complaints including headaches, throat irritation, eye irritation, nausea, fatigue and nasal/sinus symptoms. Potential causes of the complaints included excessive mould/ mildew, lack of air flow, odours and high dust levels. A number of locations showing signs of water incursion or leakage were found to have mould growth. The air flow provided by the ventilation systems in most areas was inadequate, although temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide levels largely met published recommendations. Levels of common volatile organic compounds were all below established exposure limits, and only toluene was found in concentrations above established odour thresholds. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Martin, SB (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM SMartin1@cdc.gov RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1420-326X J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 456 EP 464 DI 10.1177/1420326X07082791 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 229NY UT WOS:000250812300008 ER PT J AU Bowen, A Newman, A Estivariz, C Gilbertson, N Archer, J Srinivasan, A Lynch, M Painter, J AF Bowen, Anna Newman, Alexandra Estivariz, Concepcion Gilbertson, Norene Archer, John Srinivasan, Arjun Lynch, Michael Painter, John TI Role of acid-suppressing medications during a sustained outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection in a long-term care facility SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID RISK; GASTROENTERITIS; INHIBITORS; THERAPY AB During an insidious outbreak of salmonellosis in a long-term care facility, residents who were treated with acid-suppressing medications were 8 times more likely than other residents to develop Salmonella infection. Among vulnerable populations, the risks and benefits of acid-suppressing medications should be considered carefully before use. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, A (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aqb0@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1205 DI 10.1086/520736 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 222OM UT WOS:000250306800013 PM 17828700 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. TI Overdoses are injuries too SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRUGS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 293 EP 294 DI 10.1136/ip.2007.016113 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 217LX UT WOS:000249950500003 PM 17916883 ER PT J AU Quinlan, KP Holden, J Kresnow, M AF Quinlan, Kyran P. Holden, Janet Kresnow, Marcie-jo TI Providing car seat checks with well-child visits at an urban health center: a pilot study SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RESTRAINTS; EDUCATION; PROGRAM AB Objective: To evaluate a pilot program of providing child restraint system (CRS) checks by certified technicians with well-child care in an urban health center serving a low-income community. Methods: During well-child care, nationally certified child passenger safety technicians assessed CRS use, educated care givers, corrected misuse, and provided a new CRS if necessary. The program's effect was assessed at a subsequent medical visit. Results: A total of 3650 CRS checks were performed. CRS non-use was found for 307 (17%) infants, 604 (50%) toddlers, and 593 (88%) booster seat-sized children. Exposure to the program was associated with a significant positive effect on CRS use (p < 0.001) and significant improvements in the major components of misuse (p < 0.05) months later. Conclusions: This urban health center has high rates of CRS non-use and near-universal misuse. Providing CRS checks by certified technicians during well-child care is a promising means of promoting sustained and improved CRS use. C1 Univ Chicago, Comer Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinlan, KP (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Comer Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 6082, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.015099 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 217LX UT WOS:000249950500016 PM 17916895 ER PT J AU Joseph, A Punch, J Stephenson, M Paneth, N Wolfe, E Murphy, W AF Joseph, Antony Punch, Jerry Stephenson, Mark Paneth, Nigel Wolfe, Edivard Murphy, William TI The effects of training format on earplug performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Hearing Conservation of the National-Hearing-Conservation-Assocation CY FEB 17, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Natl Hearing Conservat Assoc DE attenuation; earplugs; hearing; noise; protection; training; attitude; survey ID STANDARD LABORATORY PROTOCOL; HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES; FIELD ATTENUATION; CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; NOISE ATTENUATION; INSERT; REDUCTION; EARPHONE AB This experiment investigated the effect of small-group versus individual hearing loss prevention (HLP) training on the attenuation performance of passive insert-type hearing protection devices (HPDs). A subject-fit (SF) methodology, which gave naive listeners access only to the instructions printed on the HPD product label, was used to determine real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) at third-octave noise hands between 125-8000 Hz. REAT measurements were augmented by use of the Hearing Loss Prevention Attitude-Belief (HLPAB) survey, a field-tested self-assessment tool developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups, consisting of 25 listeners each, in a controlled behavioral-intervention trial. There were two types of HPDs (formable and premolded) and two training formats (individual and small group). A short multimedia program, including a practice session, was presented to all 100 listeners. Results showed training to have a significant effect, for both HPDs on real-ear attenuation and attitude, but, importantly, there was no difference between small-group and individual training. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Communicat Sci & Disorders, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Edu & Res Evaluat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Joseph, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Communicat Sci & Disorders, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM earsafety@yahoo.com OI Wolfe, Edward/0000-0002-8551-4646 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1080/14992020701438805 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 232CO UT WOS:000250996000007 PM 17922350 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Kadlubar, FF Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Beii, DA Hemstreet, GP Yin, S LeMasterS, GK Rothman, N AF Carreon, Tania Kadlubar, Fred F. Ruder, Avima M. Schulte, Paul A. Hayes, Richard B. Waters, Martha Grant, Delores J. Boissy, Robert Beii, Douglas A. Hemstreet, George P., III Yin, Songnian LeMasterS, Grace K. Rothman, Nathaniel TI "N-Acetyltransferases and the susceptibility to benzidine-induced bladder carcinogenesis" - Reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Letter ID ACETYLBENZIDINE; GLUCURONIDATION; BINDING; DNA; METABOLISM; CANCER; RAT; WORKERS; LIVER C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Acad Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Div Surveillance, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM carreota@ucmail.uc.edu RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1637 EP 1639 DI 10.1002/ijc.22906 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 205JK UT WOS:000249109600032 PM 17583575 ER PT J AU Vrijheid, M Cardis, E Ashmore, P Auvinen, A Bae, JM Engels, H Gilbert, E Gulis, G Habib, RR Howe, G Kurtinaitis, J Malker, H Muirhead, CR Richardson, DB Rodriguez-Artalejo, F Rogel, A Schubauer-Berigan, M Tardy, H Telle-Lamberton, M Usel, M Veress, K AF Vrijheid, M. Cardis, E. Ashmore, P. Auvinen, A. Bae, J-M Engels, H. Gilbert, E. Gulis, G. Habib, R. R. Howe, G. Kurtinaitis, J. Malker, H. Muirhead, C. R. Richardson, D. B. Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. Rogel, A. Schubauer-Berigan, M. Tardy, H. Telle-Lamberton, M. Usel, M. Veress, K. TI Mortality from diseases other than cancer following low doses of ionizing radiation: results from the 15-Country Study of nuclear industry workers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiation; ionizing; radiation effects; cohort studies; occupational diseases; cardiovascular diseases; digestive system diseases; respiratory tract diseases ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; NONCANCER MORTALITY; DEATH CERTIFICATES; RISK; RADIOTHERAPY; EXPOSURE; COHORT; REGISTRIES AB Background Ionizing radiation at very high (radio-therapeutic) dose levels can cause diseases other than cancer, particularly heart diseases. There is increasing evidence that doses of the order of a few sievert (Sv) may also increase the risk of non-cancer diseases. It is not known, however, whether such effects also occur following the lower doses and dose rates of public health concern. Methods We used data from an international (15-country) nuclear workers cohort study to evaluate whether mortality from diseases other than cancer is related to low doses of external ionizing radiation. Analyses included 275312 workers with adequate information on socioeconomic status, over 4 million person-years of follow-up and an average cumulative radiation dose of 20.7mSv; 11255 workers had died of non-cancer diseases. Results The excess relative risk (ERR) per Sv was 0.24 [95 CI (confidence intervals) -0.23, 0.78] for mortality from all non-cancer diseases and 0.09 (95 CI -0.43, 0.70) for circulatory diseases. Higher risk estimates were observed for mortality from respiratory and digestive diseases, but confidence intervals included zero. Increased risks were observed among the younger workers (attained age 50 years, identified post hoc) for all groupings of non-cancer causes of death, including external causes. It is unclear therefore whether these findings reflect real effects of radiation, random variation or residual confounding. Conclusions The most informative low-dose radiation study to date provides little evidence for a relationship between mortality from non-malignant diseases and radiation dose. However, we cannot rule out risks per unit dose of the same order of magnitude as found in studies at higher doses. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Tampere Univ, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Jeju Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chejudo, South Korea. CEN SCK, Radiat Protect Div, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Trnava Univ, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Hlth Care & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia. Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Vilnius State Univ, Inst Oncol, Lithuanian Canc Registry, Vilnius, Lithuania. Sundsvall Hosp, Midsweden Res & Dev Ctr, Sundsvall, Sweden. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Off Cantonal Inspect & Relat Travail, Geneva, Switzerland. Semmelweis Univ, Dept Dermatol Venereol & Dermatooncol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. RP Vrijheid, M (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. EM vrijheid@iarc.fr RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; Vrijheid, M/H-2702-2014; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Vrijheid, M/0000-0002-7090-1758; Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818 NR 32 TC 64 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1135 DI 10.1093/ije/dym138 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 227TO UT WOS:000250680900031 PM 17666424 ER PT J AU Larson, T Melnikova, N Davis, SI Jamison, P AF Larson, Theodore Melnikova, Natalia Davis, Stephanie I. Jamison, Patricia TI Incidence and descriptive epidemiology of mesothelioma in the United States, 1999-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mesothelioma; asbestos; cancer registry data; incidence ID MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; MORTALITY DATA; SURVEILLANCE; AUSTRALIA; TRENDS; UPDATE; RATES AB To estimate the recent incidence of mesothelioma in the United States and characterize its descriptive epidemiology,, incidence data were obtained from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-adjusted incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The U.S. incidence was 1.11 cases per 100,000 persons. Most cases occurred among older, white males. However, 173 cases (< 2%) occurred in persons younger than 40. The proportion of women with peritoneal mesothelioma was triple that of men (14.8% vs 5.4%). Of 40 reporting states, I I had incidence rates significantly higher than the national rate. C1 ATSDR, DHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Larson, T (reprint author), ATSDR, DHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thl3@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 398 EP 403 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 232BV UT WOS:000250994000005 PM 18085053 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Warren, CW AF Mokdad, Ali H. Warren, Charles W. TI As if cigarettes were not enough, here comes narghile SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID LEBANON C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahm1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s00038-007-0221-6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 216ZR UT WOS:000249918300003 PM 18030938 ER PT J AU Udeagu, CCN Dorsinville, MS Munsiff, SS Vilnyanskaya, Y Wang, I AF Udeagu, C-C. N. Dorsinville, M. S. Munsiff, S. S. Vilnyanskaya, Y. Wang, I. TI Evaluation of case management in tuberculosis control: a three-year effort to improve case management practices in New York City SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; case management; program evaluation; patient management AB OBJECTIVE: To describe a 3-year effort to identify factors associated with lapses in case management (CM) and to improve CM practices by New York City Bureau of Tuberculosis Control (BTBC) staff. DESIGN: Evaluation of the CM of TB cases reported in the second quarter of 2003 and comparison of results with the findings of a similar review conducted in 2002. Implementation of strategies to target areas in need of improvement and identification of interventions that contribute to improved work practices. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2003, significant improvements were found in some CM indicators, such as patient education about the importance of directly observed therapy (32% vs. 74%), importance of monthly follow-up (24% vs. 51%) and potential for development of drug resistance (36% vs. 61%). Informing patients about the availability of services provided by the BTBC also improved (16% vs. 59%); however, timeliness and documentation of CM activities and implementation of supervisory activities remained poor. Supervisors largely attributed this lack of improvement to poor documentation of work actually performed. CONCLUSIONS: These evaluations identified lapses in CM practices and program supervision. The findings were used to adjust protocols, target interventions, and focus education and training to improve work practices. C1 NYC Dept Mental Hlth & Hyg, Bureau HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, Field Serv Unit, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Udeagu, CCN (reprint author), NYC Dept Mental Hlth & Hyg, Bureau HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, Field Serv Unit, Room 1517,40 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM cudeagu@health.nyc.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1094 EP 1100 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 215YD UT WOS:000249844000009 PM 17945066 ER PT J AU Murry, VM Berkel, C Brody, GH Gibbons, M Gibbons, FX AF Murry, Velma McBride Berkel, Cady Brody, Gene H. Gibbons, Meg Gibbons, Frederick X. TI The Strong African American Families program: Longitudinal pathways to sexual risk reduction SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; African Americans; rural; parenting; racial socialization; sexual risk behavior; cultural competence; preventive intervention; program evaluation ID SUBSTANCE USE; ADOLESCENTS; NEIGHBORHOOD; SOCIALIZATION; ORIENTATION; IDENTITY; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; REFUSAL; SUPPORT AB Purpose: To identify the mechanisms by which intervention-induced increases in adaptive parenting were associated with a reduction in sexual risk behavior among rural African American adolescents across a 29-month period. Methods: African American families (N = 284) with 11-year-old children in nine rural Georgian counties participated in the 7-week Strong African American Families (SAAF) project. Counties were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. The program was evaluated via pretest, posttest, and long-term follow-up interview data collected in the families' homes. The current paper tests a hypothetical model of program efficacy, positing that intervention-induced changes in parenting behaviors would enhance in youth self-pride, which in turn would forecast changes in sexual behaviors measured 29 months after pretest. Results: Compared with controls, parents who participated in SAAF reported increased adaptive universal and racially specific parenting. Furthermore, intervention-induced changes in these parenting behaviors were associated indirectly with sexual risk behavior through adolescent self-pride, peer orientation, and sexual intent. Conclusions: Culturally competent programs, developed through empirical and theoretical research within affected communities, can foster adaptive universal and racially specific parenting, which can have a long-term effect on adolescent sexual risk behavior. Effective strategies for designing and implementing culturally competent programs are discussed. (C) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Family Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Psychol, Ames, IA USA. RP Berkel, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cberkel@cdc.gov RI Price, Katie/H-1931-2012; Berkel, Cady/A-1372-2010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH063043] NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.003 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 218PU UT WOS:000250028200005 PM 17875458 ER PT J AU Zahran, HS Zack, MM Vernon-Smiley, ME Hertz, MF AF Zahran, Hatice S. Zack, Matthew M. Vernon-Smiley, Mary E. Hertz, Marci F. TI Health-related quality of life and behaviors risky to health among adults aged 18-24 years in secondary or higher education - United States, 2003-2005 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; high school student; college students; graduate students; health-related quality of life; mental health; risky behavior; health care access; demographics ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; HIGH-SCHOOL; TRENDS; ADOLESCENTS; DEPRESSION; SCALE; CARE AB Purpose: To identify the demographic characteristics and behaviors risky to health contributing to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), defined as the perceived physical or mental health over time. Methods: Information on students aged 18-24 years from the aggregated Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (BRFSS) 2003, 2004, and 2005 data for the 50 states and District of Columbia was studied. Selected HRQOL measures, health care access, behaviors risky to health (i.e., leisure-time physical activity or exercise, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and indicators of risky sex behaviors), and selected health conditions were analyzed. Results: Overall, students aged 18-24 years reported more mentally unhealthy days than physically unhealthy days. Compared with students in secondary education, younger graduate students reported better mental health, self-rated health, and fewer behaviors risky to health. Regardless of educational level, reported physically or mentally unhealthy days differed by selected demographic characteristics, health care access, behaviors risky to health, and health conditions. Conclusions: Behaviors risky to health and their associations with mental health should be recognized and addressed in any health prevention or intervention program for student populations. Public health professionals should promote evidence-based health promotion programs to prevent young adults from initiating risky behaviors, continue to promote risk-reduction and cessation skills to those engaged in these behaviors, and incorporate mental health promotion into risk-reduction intervention programs. (C) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Health Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zahran, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Health Care & Aging Studies Branch, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM hbz4@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.05.011 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 218PU UT WOS:000250028200012 PM 17875465 ER PT J AU Brown, GS Betty, RG Brockmann, JE Lucero, DA Souza, CA Walsh, KS Boucher, RM Tezak, MS Wilson, MC Rudolph, T Lindquist, HDA Martinez, KF AF Brown, G. S. Betty, R. G. Brockmann, J. E. Lucero, D. A. Souza, C. A. Walsh, K. S. Boucher, R. M. Tezak, M. S. Wilson, M. C. Rudolph, T. Lindquist, H. D. A. Martinez, K. F. TI Evaluation of rayon swab surface sample collection method for Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sample recovery efficiency; spore sampling; surface sampling ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; ANTHRACIS AB Aim: To evaluate US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended swab surface sample collection method for recovery efficiency and limit of detection for powdered Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces. Methods and Results: Stainless steel and painted wallboard surface coupons were seeded with dry aerosolized Bacillus atrophaeus spores and surface concentrations determined. The observed mean rayon swab recovery efficiency from stainless steel was 0.41 with a standard deviation (SD) of +/- 0.17 and for painted wallboard was 0.41 with an SD of +/- 0.23. Evaluation of a sonication extraction method for the rayon swabs produced a mean extraction efficiency of 0.76 with an SD of +/- 0.12. Swab recovery quantitative limits of detection were estimated at 25 colony forming units (CFU) per sample area for both stainless steel and painted wallboard. Conclusions: The swab sample collection method may be appropriate for small area sampling (10 -25 cm(2)) with a high agent concentration, but has limited value for large surface areas with a low agent concentration. The results of this study provide information necessary for the interpretation of swab environmental sample collection data, that is, positive swab samples are indicative of high surface concentrations and may imply a potential for exposure, whereas negative swab samples do not assure that organisms are absent from the surfaces sampled and may not assure the absence of the potential for exposure. Significance and Impact of the Study: It is critical from a public health perspective that the information obtained is accurate and reproducible. The consequence of an inappropriate public health response founded on information gathered using an ineffective or unreliable sample collection method has the potential for undesired social and economic impact. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Orion Int Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Amer Staff Augmentat Providers, Albuquerque, NM USA. Tact Staffing Resources, Albuquerque, NM USA. US EPA, Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brown, GS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gbrown@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1080 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03331.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215QY UT WOS:000249825300037 PM 17897212 ER PT J AU Thomas, AR Zaman, A Bell, BP AF Thomas, Ann R. Zaman, Atif Bell, Beth P. TI Deaths from chronic liver disease and viral hepatitis, Multnomah County, Oregon, 2000 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver diseases; mortality; death certificates; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; MORTALITY AB Goals: Identify deaths related to chronic liver disease (CLD) in 2000 among Multnomah County, Oregon residents and estimate the proportion of these deaths attributable to hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Background: Although CLD is among the most common causes of mortality in the United States, little information is available regarding the proportion of CLD mortality attributable to viral hepatitis. Study: We developed a comprehensive list of 117 International Classification of Disease-10 codes potentially related to CLD. We identified deaths among residents of Multnomah County, Oregon whose death certificates included any one of these 117 codes. We verified the history of CLD and viral hepatitis using a combination of hospital charts, medical examiner reports, and a clinical questionnaire mailed to the certifying physician. Results: We verified that 118 patients had died of CLD in Multnomah County, Oregon in 2000; 38 (32%) of the death certificates listed hepatitis B or hepatitis C as the underlying or a contributing cause of death. By medical record review, an additional 16 patients were found to have hepatitis B or hepatitis C not indicated on the death certificate [total 54 (46%) patients with viral hepatitis]. The majority of the 38 patients with viral hepatitis listed on the death certificate had an International Classification of Disease-10 code indicating acute infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Conclusions: Chronic viral hepatitis is often unreported on death certificates of patients with CLD and, when reported, may be incorrectly coded as acute instead of chronic infection. C1 Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, AR (reprint author), Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Oregon Dept Human Serv, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM ann.thomas@state.or.us NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 859 EP 862 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 217RN UT WOS:000249965100011 PM 17881933 ER PT J AU Roberson, JA Crill, WD Chang, GJJ AF Roberson, Jill A. Crill, Wayne D. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Differentiation of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections by use of noninfectious virus-like particles with reduced cross-reactivity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M IGM; DENGUE 2 VIRUS; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS AB Differential diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) infections can be complicated due to the high degree of cross-reactivity observed in most serodiagnostic assays. In an effort to provide a more specific diagnostic test, we developed virus-like particle (VLP) antigens with reduced crossreactivity for both SLEV and V*qW by identifying and mutating envelope protein amino acids within the cross-reactive epitopes of VLP expression plasmids. To determine the serodiagnostic discriminatory ability of the antigens with reduced cross-reactivity, a panel of 134 human serum samples collected predominately from North American patients with SLEV or WNV infections was used to evaluate the performance of these novel antigens in imunoglobulin M antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Positive/negative ratios and the resulting diagnostic classifications were compared between the mutant and the wild-type (WT) VLPs. The mutant VLP antigens were more specific, with higher positive predictive values and higher likelihood ratios than the WT VLP antigens. Both the SLEV and WNV mutant VLPs greatly reduced the observed cross-reactivity, significantly increasing the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The use of these novel VLP antigens with reduced cross-reactivity in these serodiagnostic assays and others should lead to more accurate diagnoses of current infections, thereby reducing the need for time-consuming and cumbersome confirmatory plaque-reduction neutralization tests to differentiate between SLEV and WNV infections in North America. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,CDC Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3167 EP 3174 DI 10.1128/JCM.01143-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200004 PM 17715375 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Collins, M van Duyne, S Mikoleit, M Brown, T Fields, P AF Fitzgerald, Collette Collins, Marcus van Duyne, Susan Mikoleit, Matthew Brown, Teresa Fields, Patricia TI Multiplex, bead-based suspension array for molecular determination of common Salmonella serogroups SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN GENE-CLUSTER; MULTIANALYTE PROFILING SYSTEM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTERICA SEROVAR BORREZE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; O-ANTIGEN; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SUBSPECIES-I; PCR AB We report the development and evaluation of a Salmonella O-group-specific Bio-Plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the United States (B, C-1, C-2, D, E, and 013) plus serotype Paratyphi A. The assay is based on rfb gene targets directly involved in O-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-PCR amplification. The assay correctly and specifically identified 362 of 384 (94.3%) isolates tested in comparison to traditional, serotyping. Seventeen isolates (4.4%) produced results consistent with what is known about the molecular basis for serotypes but different from the results of traditional serotyping, and five isolates (1.3%) generated false-negative results. Molecular determination of the serogroup for rough isolates was consistent with a common serotype in most instances, indicating that this approach has the potential to provide O-group information for isolates that do not express an O antigen. We also report the sequence of the O-antigenen-coding rfb gene cluster from Salmonella enterica serotype Poona (serogroup O13). Compared with other, previously characterized rfb regions, the O13 rfb gene cluster was most closely related to Escherichia coli O127 and 086. The O-group Bio-Plex assay described here provides an easy-to-use, high-throughput system for rapid detection of common Salmonella serogroups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab, Div Foodbone Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Preparedness Branch,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab, Div Foodbone Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Preparedness Branch,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chf3@cdc.gov OI Mikoleit, Matthew/0000-0002-4582-6733 NR 58 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3323 EP 3334 DI 10.1128/JCM.00025-07 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200026 PM 17634307 ER PT J AU Klimashevskaya, S Obriadina, A Ulanova, T Bochkova, G Burkov, A Araujo, A Stramer, SL Tobler, LH Busch, MP Fields, HA AF Klimashevskaya, S. Obriadina, A. Ulanova, T. Bochkova, G. Burkov, A. Araujo, A. Stramer, Susan L. Tobler, Leslie H. Busch, Michael P. Fields, Howard A. TI Distinguishing acute from chronic and resolved hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by measurement of Anti-HCV immunoglobulin g avidity index SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IGM-ANTIBODY; CLEARANCE AB An assay to measure avidity index (AI) was developed to diagnose incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. The assay demonstrated an AI value statistically significantly lower in primary HCV infections than in chronic infections. When the assay was applied to past resolved infections, the difference in AI values was not as significant as the difference between incident and chronic infections. Lower AI values obtained in past resolved infections may be directly related to lower levels of immunoglobulin G anti-HCV in past resolved infections than in either new infections or chronic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RPC Diagnost Syst, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. Amer Red Cross, Sci Support Off, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Fields, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM haf1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3400 EP 3403 DI 10.1128/JCM.01012-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200039 PM 17715377 ER PT J AU Abdullahi, O Wanjiru, E Musyimi, R Glass, N Scott, JAG AF Abdullahi, Osman Wanjiru, Eva Musyimi, Robert Glass, Nina Scott, J. Anthony G. TI Validation of nasopharyngeal sampling and culture techniques for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Kenya SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARRIAGE AB We compared nasopharyngeal swabs against nasal wash cultures for detecting colonizing pneumococci and examined the effect of frozen storage in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerin on culture. Among the 55 children with positive nasal wash cultures, swab cultures were positive for 47 (85%). Of the 96 swabs positive on direct plating, 94 (98%) were positive when recultured after freezing. C1 Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Wellcome Trust Res Program, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kilifi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. RP Abdullahi, O (reprint author), Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Wellcome Trust Res Program, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 230, Kilifi, Kenya. EM oabdullahi@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org OI Glass, Nina/0000-0002-6821-4289 FU Wellcome Trust [061089, 081835] NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3408 EP 3410 DI 10.1128/JCM.01393-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200041 PM 17699645 ER PT J AU Butler, WR Sheils, CA Brown-Elliott, BA Charles, N Colin, AA Gant, MJ Goodill, J Hindman, D Toney, SR Wallace, RJ Yakrus, MA AF Butler, W. Ray Sheils, Catherine A. Brown-Elliott, Barbara A. Charles, Nadege Colin, Andrew A. Gant, Mary J. Goodill, John Hindman, Diane Toney, Sean R. Wallace, Richard J., Jr. Yakrus, Mitchell A. TI First Isolations of Segniliparus rugosus from patients with cystic fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIA; DNA AB We report three cases of the new genus Segniliparus isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. All isolates were unambiguously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Segniliparus rugosus (GenBank accession no. AY 60892). Drug susceptibility results that may enhance treatment for cystic fibrosis patients with this opportunistic pathogen are presented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Biomed Res Sect 2, Mycobacteria Nocardia Lab, Tyler, TX USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Pediat Pulmonol, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Delaware Hlth Lab, Smyrna, DE USA. Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Adult Cyst Fibrosis Program, Newark, DE USA. RP Butler, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,M-S F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wrb1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3449 EP 3452 DI 10.1128/JCM.00765-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200054 PM 17670929 ER PT J AU Tang, YW Allawi, HT DeLeon-Carnes, M Li, H Day, SP Schmid, DS AF Tang, Yi-Wei Allawi, Hatim T. DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene Li, Haijing Day, Stephen P. Schmid, D. Scott TI Detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine mutant varicella-zoster viruses using an Invader Plus (R) method SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE varicella-zoster virus; invader plus (R) method; Oka varicella vaccine ID REAL-TIME PCR; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; DNA; INFECTIONS; STRAINS; AMPLIFICATION; CHILDREN AB Wereport the use of aprototype Invader Plus (R) method (Third Wave Technologies, Inc., Madison, WI) for the qualitative detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and differentiation of wild-type and Oka vaccine VZV. The analytical sensitivity of the VZV Invader Plus reagents is at 10 copies per reaction. A total of 174 skin and mucous swab specimens were used to validate the assay's performance. The sensitivity and specificity were 98.3% and 98.1%, respectively, in comparison to a PCR-EIA assay. A perfect 100% agreement was obtained when VZV wild-type and vaccine differentiation was performed on 54 VZV-positive swab specimens against an allele-specific FRET real-time assay. The Invader Plus method provides another reliable tool for qualitative detection of VZV and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine virus. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Third Wave Technol Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Mol Infect Dis Lab, 4605 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM yiwei.tang@vanderbilt.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.07.007 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224SI UT WOS:000250466300007 PM 17728179 ER PT J AU Beaumier, L AF Beaumier, Lisa TI The vessel sanitation program: Government partnering with the cruise ship industry to improve public health SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beaumier, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vessel Sanitat Program, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aoy5@CDC.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219QD UT WOS:000250098800007 PM 17941403 ER PT J AU Patrick, ME Griffin, PM Voetsch, AC Mead, PS AF Patrick, Mary E. Griffin, Patricia M. Voetsch, Andrew C. Mead, Paul S. TI Effectiveness of recall notification: Community response to a nationwide recall of hot dogs and dell meats SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; OUTBREAK; FOODNET; BURDEN AB We examined the efficacy of recall notification and advertising in informing the public about a nationwide recall of hot dogs and deli meats. As part of an ongoing random population telephone survey, residents of seven states were interviewed. Data from the survey were weighted to account for the multistage sampling design. Overall, 307 (45%) of 633 knew about the recall. Knowledge was higher among persons older than 40 years (odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 3.3) and persons interviewed after major newspaper notices about the recall. Among those who knew about the recall, 5% believed the products were safe to eat; 23% were not sure. Seventy percent learned about the recall through television. Our findings indicate that routine recall notifications failed to reach a large portion of the population and were not well understood. Messages to the public about recalled products should clearly describe the risks of consuming the recalled product. Supplemental advertising by manufacturers can be beneficial if the risks of consuming the recalled product and recommendations to consumers are clearly described. These policies, coupled with broader distribution through the television and print media, may help increase the proportion of the persons who receive the information they need from future product recalls. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonotic Vectorbone & Enteric Dis, Enteric Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patrick, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonotic Vectorbone & Enteric Dis, Enteric Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mepatrick@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2373 EP 2376 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 219WN UT WOS:000250119000020 PM 17969620 ER PT J AU Pfendner, EG Vanakker, OM Terry, SF Vourthis, S McAndrew, PE McClain, MR Fratta, S Marais, AS Hariri, S Coucke, PJ Ramsay, M Viljoen, D Terry, PF De Paepe, A Uitto, J Bercovitch, LG AF Pfendner, Ellen G. Vanakker, Olivier M. Terry, Sharon F. Vourthis, Sophia McAndrew, Patricia E. McClain, Monica R. Fratta, Sarah Marais, Anna-Susan Hariri, Susan Coucke, Paul J. Ramsay, Michele Viljoen, Denis Terry, Patrick F. De Paepe, Anne Uitto, Jouni Bercovitch, Lionel G. TI Mutation detection in the ABCC6 gene and genotype-phenotype analysis in a large international case series affected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND HETEROZYGOSITY; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; MRP6 GENE; TRANSPORTER; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; DISORDER; DELETION; FAMILY AB Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum ( PXE), an autosomal recessive disorder with considerable phenotypic variability, mainly affects the eyes, skin and cardiovascular system, characterised by dystrophic mineralization of connective tissues. It is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 ( ATP binding cassette family C member 6) gene, which encodes MRP6 ( multidrug resistance- associated protein 6). Objective: To investigate the mutation spectrum of ABCC6 and possible genotype - phenotype correlations. Methods: Mutation data were collected on an international case series of 270 patients with PXE ( 239 probands, 31 affected family members). A denaturing high- performance liquid chromatography- based assay was developed to screen for mutations in all 31 exons, eliminating pseudogene coamplification. In 134 patients with a known phenotype and both mutations identified, genotype - phenotype correlations were assessed. Results: In total, 316 mutant alleles in ABCC6, including 39 novel mutations, were identified in 239 probands. Mutations were found to cluster in exons 24 and 28, corresponding to the second nucleotide-binding fold and the last intracellular domain of the protein. Together with the recurrent R1141X and del23 29 mutations, these mutations accounted for 71.5% of the total individual mutations identified. Genotype phenotype analysis failed to reveal a significant correlation between the types of mutations identified or their predicted effect on the expression of the protein and the age of onset and severity of the disease. Conclusions: This study emphasises the principal role of ABCC6 mutations in the pathogenesis of PXE, but the reasons for phenotypic variability remain to be explored. C1 GeneDx Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. PXE Int, Washington, DC USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Dermatol & Cutaneous Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Inst Mol Med, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. State Univ Ghent Hosp, Ctr Med Genet, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Inst Prevent Med & Med Screening, Gray, MA USA. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Div Human Genet, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Pfendner, EG (reprint author), GeneDx Inc, 207 Perry Pkwy, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM ellen@genedx.com FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01AR52627, R01 AR052627, R01 AR028450, R01AR28450] NR 44 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1136/jmg.2007.051094 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 216OY UT WOS:000249889300003 PM 17617515 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Galland, G. Gale Nace, Douglas Williams, Allison Williams, Tyrone Barnwell, John W. TI Isolates of Plasmodium inui adapted to Macaca mulatta monkeys and laboratory-reared anopheline mosquitoes for experimental study SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE; QUARTAN MALARIA; WORLD MONKEYS; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; RHESUS-MONKEY; 2 STRAINS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; CYNOMOLGI; KNOWLESI AB Plasmodium inui is a parasite of macaques and other nonhuman primates in Asia that is studied as a model for the human malaria parasite P. malariae. Presented here are descriptions of the isolation, passage histories into Macaca mulatta monkeys, and infectivity to different Anopheles spp. mosquitoes of 18 different isolates of this parasite. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1069 DI 10.1645/GE-1035R.1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800012 PM 18163340 ER PT J AU Barradas, DT Fulton, JE Blanck, HM Huhman, M AF Barradas, Danielle T. Fulton, Janet E. Blanck, Heidi M. Huhman, Marian TI Parental influences on youth television viewing SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; MEDIA INFLUENCES; PUBLIC-OPINION; OBESITY; HEALTH; BEHAVIORS AB Objective To assess associations among youth television (TV) viewing and parental TV viewing, parental knowledge of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations to limit children's TV viewing time to <= 2 hours per day (knowledge), and parental limits on the frequency of children's TV viewing (rules). Study design Adult participants in the 2002 Styles surveys answered questions about their weekly TV viewing, knowledge, and rules. TV viewing time of children of the adult participants (520 boys and 525 girls) age 10 to 18 years was also collected. Associations between hours of child TV viewing and parental TV viewing, parental knowledge, and parental rules were quantified using linear regression techniques. Results Variables included in multivariate regression models accounted for 8% to 18% of the variance in TV viewing among boys and girls. Parent TV viewing was significantly associated with TV viewing in 10- to 12-year-old and 16- to 18-year-old boys and girls. Knowledge was not associated with TV viewing in boys and girls in this sample. Rules were associated with TV viewing in boys and girls of till ages. Conclusions Our findings suggest that parental TV viewing and rules limiting their child's TV time may play an important role in children's weekly TV viewing time. C1 Emory Univ, Program Nutr & Hlth Sci, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barradas, DT (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBarradas@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 151 IS 4 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.069 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 217SE UT WOS:000249966800013 PM 17889071 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Lee, FK Morrow, RA Sternberg, MR Luther, KE Dubin, G Markowitz, LE AF Xu, Fujie Lee, Francis K. Morrow, Rhoda A. Sternberg, Maya R. Luther, Kristina E. Dubin, Gary Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in children in the united states SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HERPES; DETECTING ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRENDS; ACYCLOVIR AB Objectives To describe HSV-1 seroprevalence in children in the United States and to examine factors associated with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection in children. Study design Sera samples available from 2989 children age 6 to 13 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition pre-specific immunodot assay. HSV-1 Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999-2002 were tested for HSV-1 antibodies using a type-specific seroprevalence in children age 12 to 13 years was compared with that reported in an earlier survey (NHANES 1988-1994). Results Overall, HSV-1 seroprevalence in children age 6 to 13 years was 31.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.6% to 33.9%). Seroprevalence increased with age, from 26.3% in 6- to 7-year-olds to 36.1% in 12-to 13-year-olds, and varied by race/etlinicity, birthplace, and poverty level. Among US-born children age 12 to 13 years, the point estimate of HSV-1 scroprevalence was lower in NHANES 1999-2002 than in NHANES 1988-1994 (34.3% vs 38.1%), but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions HSV-1 is a common infection in US children, with more than 25% infected by age 7.Race/ethnicity, birthplace, and poverty level are predictors for HSV-1 infection in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis & Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Prophylact Vaccines, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faxl@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 151 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.065 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 217SE UT WOS:000249966800014 PM 17889072 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Negron, TJ Lindsay, M Nesheim, SR Lee, FK Jamieson, DJ AF Dennis, Renata L. Negron, Terri J. Lindsay, Michael Nesheim, Steven R. Lee, Francis K. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in labor and delivery - A comparison of implementation models between 2 hospitals SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL & NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE obstetrics; perinatal care; point-of-care testing; rapid HIV testing ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; HIV-INFECTION; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; TYPE-1 AB Despite the use of antiretroviral medications during the antenatal/perinatal period, 280 to 370 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants are born each year in the United States. Women who might transmit the virus to their infants are (1) those not offered antenatal testing due to perceived low risk; (2) those who are noncompliant with their antiretroviral regimen; (3) those with prophylaxis failures despite good compliance; and (4) those who present late to delivery without prenatal care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored MIRIAD (mother-infant rapid intervention at delivery) to study rapid testing of women who present late in pregnancy and/or to labor and delivery with unknown HIV status. MIRIAD was implemented in 18 hospitals in 6 American cities. In Atlanta, GA, the 2 participating hospitals had institutional differences that created different models of implementation. Hospital 1 is large and publicly funded, practicing team nursing and utilizing laboratory-based testing. Hospital 2 is a medium-sized nonprofit, whose primary nursing model allowed for specially trained staff to do point-of-care (POC) testing. Regardless of hospital type, nursing care paradigms, or testing model, facilities interested in successfully implementing a similar protocol must formulate policies for testing, notification, and treatment as well as consider dedicating a staff member to the program. C1 Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. WellStar Kennestone Hosp, Mother Baby & Womens Unit, Marietta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, 735 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM renata_dennis@oz.ped.emory.edu FU PHS HHS [U64/417719] NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-2190 J9 J PERINAT NEONAT NUR JI J. Perinat. Neonatal Nurs. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 236YJ UT WOS:000251339200007 PM 18004167 ER PT J AU Kann, L Brener, ND Wechsler, H AF Kann, Laura Brener, Nancy D. Wechsler, Howell TI Overview and summary: School health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE school health programs; schools; school policy; surveys AB BACKGROUND: The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006 is the largest, most comprehensive assessment of school health programs in the United States ever conducted. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts SHPPS every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of districts (n = 538). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1103) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of classes covering required health instruction in elementary schools and required health education courses in middle and high schools (n = 912) and teachers of required physical education classes and courses (n = 1194). RESULTS: SHPPS 2006 describes key school health policies and programs across all 8 school health program components: health education, physical education and activity, health services, mental health and social services, nutrition services, healthy and safe school environment, faculty and staff health promotion, and family and community involvement. SHPPS 2006 also provides data to monitor 6 Healthy People 2010 objectives. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 is a new and important resource for school and public health practitioners, scientists, advocates, policymakers, and all those who care about the health and safety of youth and their ability to succeed academically and socially. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lkk1@cdc.gov; nad1@cdc.gov; haw7@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00226.x PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700003 PM 17908099 ER PT J AU Kyle, TM Brener, ND Kann, L Ross, JG Roberts, AM Iachan, R Robb, WH McManus, T AF Kyle, Tonja M. Brener, Nancy D. Kann, Laura Ross, James G. Roberts, Alice M. Iachan, Ronaldo Robb, William H. McManus, Tim TI Methods: School health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE data collection; interviews; questionnaires; schools; surveys; telephone surveys AB BACKGROUND: The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006 examined 8 components of school health programs: health education, physical education and activity, health services, mental health and social services, nutrition services, healthy and safe school environment, faculty and staff health promotion, and family and community involvement. All 8 components were assessed at the state, district, and school levels. Two components, health education and physical education and activity, also were assessed at the classroom level. METHODS: Computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 538). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1103), with a nationally representative sample of teachers of required health education classes or courses (n = 912), and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of required physical education classes or courses (n = 1194). RESULTS: This article provides a detailed description of the development of the questionnaires; sampling; data collection; and data cleaning, weighting, and analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 is the largest and most comprehensive study of school health programs ever conducted. Fielding a study of this magnitude provides many challenges, and several recommendations for future studies emerged from the experience. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Macro Int Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Macro Int Inc, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tonja.m.kyle@macrointernational.com; nad1@cdc.gov; lkk1@cdc.gov; james.g.ross@macrointernational.com; alice.m.roberts@macrointernational.com; ronaldo.iachan@orcmacro.com; william.h.robb@orcmacro.com; tsm9@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00227.x PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700004 PM 17908100 ER PT J AU Kann, L Telljohann, SK Wooley, SF AF Kann, Laura Telljohann, Susan K. Wooley, Susan F. TI Health education: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE school health education; schools; school policy; surveys ID TOBACCO USE; PREVENTION; RISK; WORKS AB BACKGROUND: School health education can effectively help reduce the prevalence of health-risk behaviors among students and have a positive influence on students' academic performance. This article describes the characteristics of school health education policies and programs in the United States at the state, district, school, and classroom levels. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of districts (n = 459). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 920) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of classes covering required health instruction in elementary schools and required health education courses in middle and high schools (n = 912). RESULTS: Most states and districts had adopted a policy stating that schools will teach at least 1 of the 14 health topics, and nearly all schools required students to receive instruction on at least 1 of these topics. However, only 6.4% of elementary schools, 20.6% of middle schools, and 35.8% of high schools required instruction on all 14 topics. In support of schools, most states and districts offered staff development for those who teach health education, although the percentage of teachers of required health instruction receiving staff development was low. CONCLUSIONS: Health education has the potential to help students maintain and improve their health, prevent disease, and reduce health-related risk behaviors. However, despite signs of progress, this potential is not being fully realized, particularly at the school level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Amer Sch Hlth Assoc, Kent, OH 44240 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lkk1@cdc.gov; stelljo@utnet.utoledo.edu; swooley@ashaweb.org NR 30 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 408 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00228.x PG 27 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700001 PM 17908101 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Burgeson, CR Fulton, JE Spain, CG AF Lee, Sarah M. Burgeson, Charlene R. Fulton, Janet E. Spain, Christine G. TI Physical education and physical activity: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLASSROOM-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; AGE; PARTICIPATION; ADOLESCENCE; SPORTS; YOUTH AB BACKGROUND: Comprehensive school-based physical activity programs consist of physical education and other physical activity opportunities including recess and other physical activity breaks, intramurals, interscholastic sports, and walk and bike to school initiatives. This article describes the characteristics of school physical education and physical activity policies and programs in the United States at the state, district, school, and classroom levels. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of districts (n = 453). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 988) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of required physical education classes and courses (n = 1194). RESULTS: Most states and districts had adopted a policy stating that schools will teach physical education; however, few schools provided daily physical education. Additionally, many states, districts, and schools allowed students to be exempt from participating in physical education. Most schools provided some opportunities for students to be physically active outside physical education. Staff development for physical education was offered by states and districts, but physical education teachers generally did not receive staff development on a variety of important topics. CONCLUSIONS: To enhance physical education and physical activity in schools, a comprehensive approach at the state, district, school, and classroom levels is necessary. Policies, practices, and comprehensive staff development at the state and district levels might enable schools to improve opportunities for students to become physically active adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Assoc Sport & Phys Educ, Reston, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Presidents Council Phys Fitness & Sports, Res Planning & Special Projects, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skeuplee@cdc.gov; cburgeson@aahperd.org; jkf2@cdc.gov; cspain@osophs.dhhs.gov NR 45 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 435 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00229.x PG 29 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700005 PM 17908102 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Wheeler, L Wolfe, LC Vernon-Smiley, M Caldart-Olson, L AF Brener, Nancy D. Wheeler, Lani Wolfe, Linda C. Vernon-Smiley, Mary Caldart-Olson, Linda TI Health services: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE school nurses; health care services; schools; school policy; surveys ID GUIDELINES; ASTHMA; CARE AB BACKGROUND: The specific health services provided to students at school and the model for delivering these services vary across districts and schools. This article describes the characteristics of school health services in the United States, including state- and district-level policies and school practices. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 449). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1029). RESULTS: Most US schools provided basic health services to students, but relatively few provided prevention services or more specialized health services. Although state- and district-level policies requiring school nurses or specifying maximum nurse-to-student ratios were relatively rare, 86.3% of schools had at least a part-time school nurse, and 52.4% of these schools, or 45.1% of all schools, had a nurse-to-student ratio of at least 1:750. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 suggests that the breadth of school health services can and should be improved, but school districts need policy, legislative, and fiscal support to make this happen. Increasing the percentage of schools with sufficient school nurses is a critical step toward enabling schools to provide more services, but schools also need to enhance collaboration and linkages with community resources if schools are to be able to meet both the health and academic needs of students. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Natl Assoc Sch Nurses, Hlth Serv, Delaware Dept Educ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Wisconsin Dept Publ Nutr, Natl Assoc State Sch Nurse Consultants, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov; laniwheeler@verizon.net; lwolfe@doe.k12.de.us; mev0@cdc.gov; linda.caldart-olson@dpi.state.wi.us NR 32 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 464 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00230.x PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700006 PM 17908103 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Weist, M Adelman, H Taylor, L Vernon-Smiley, M AF Brener, Nancy D. Weist, Mark Adelman, Howard Taylor, Linda Vernon-Smiley, Mary TI Mental health and social services: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mental health services; counseling; schools; school policy; surveys AB BACKGROUND: Schools are in a unique position not only to identify mental health problems among children and adolescents but also to provide links to appropriate services. This article describes the characteristics of school mental health and social services in the United States, including state- and district-level policies and school practices. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 445). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 873). RESULTS: Although states and districts generally had not adopted policies stating that schools will have mental health and social services staff, 77.9% of schools had at least a part-time counselor who provided services to students. Fewer schools had school psychologists or social workers. Consequently, counseling services were more common in schools than were psychological or social services. Few schools delivered mental health and social services through school-based health centers. Arrangements with providers not located on school property were more common. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 reveals that linkages with the community need to continue and grow to meet the mental health needs of students. Efforts must be made to build systematic state agendas for school-based mental health, emphasizing a shared responsibility among families, schools, and other community systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Sch Mental Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Mental Hlth Project, Ctr Mental Hlth Sch, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov; mweist@psych.umaryland.edu; adelman@psych.ucla.edu; ltaylor@ucla.edu; mev0@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 486 EP 499 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00231.x PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700007 PM 17908104 ER PT J AU O'Toole, TP Anderson, S Miller, C Guthrie, J AF O'Toole, Terrence P. Anderson, Susan Miller, Clare Guthrie, Joanne TI Nutrition services and foods and beverages available at school: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE food service; nutrition; schools; school policy; surveys ID US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; CONSUMPTION; ADULTHOOD; OBESITY; SAMPLE AB BACKGROUND: Schools are in a unique position to promote healthy dietary behaviors and help ensure appropriate nutrient intake. This article describes the characteristics of both school nutrition services and the foods and beverages sold outside of the school meals program in the United States, including state- and district-level policies and school practices. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 445). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 944). RESULTS: Few states required schools to restrict the availability of deep-fried foods, to prohibit the sale of foods that have low nutrient density in certain venues, or to make healthful beverages available when beverages were offered. While many schools sold healthful foods and beverages outside of the school nutrition services program, many also sold items high in fat, sodium, and added sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition services program practices in many schools continue to need improvement. Districts and schools should implement more food preparation practices that reduce the total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar content of school meals. In addition, opportunities to eat and drink at school should be used to encourage greater daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nonfat or low-fat dairy products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP O'Toole, TP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwu9@cdc.gov; sanderson@cdc.gov; clare.miller@fns.usda.gov; jguthrie@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 500 EP 521 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00232.x PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700008 PM 17908105 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Fisher, CJ Greene, BZ Hertz, MF Pritzl, J AF Jones, Sherry Everett Fisher, Carolyn J. Greene, Brenda Z. Hertz, Marci F. Pritzl, Jane TI Healthy and safe school environment, part I: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE injury prevention; substance use; schools; school policy; surveys ID RISK-FACTORS; MELANOMA; ADOLESCENTS; CARCINOMA; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; SKIN AB BACKGROUND: Policies set at the state, district, and school levels can support and enhance a healthy and safe school environment. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 461). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1025). RESULTS: Most districts had adopted a policy on the inspection and maintenance of school facilities and equipment, and most schools had inspected and provided appropriate maintenance for each type of school facility and equipment during the 12 months preceding the study. Nearly all districts and schools had a comprehensive crisis preparedness, response, and recovery plan. Nearly all districts and schools prohibited tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drug use; fighting; weapons use; and weapon possession; but when students broke rules related to those behaviors, punitive measures were taken more often than provision of supportive services. Most schools did not reschedule outdoor activities to avoid times when the sun was at peak intensity, nor did they encourage the use of sunscreen before going outside. CONCLUSIONS: To provide students with a truly healthy and safe school environment in which learning can take place, more schools need to promote a positive school climate and reduce violence, injuries, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances. States and districts need to continue to provide policy and technical assistance in support of school efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Sch Boards Assoc, Sch Hlth Programs, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; cif8@cdc.gov; bgreene@nsba.org; mhertz@cdc.gov; jane.pritzl@uchsc.edu NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 522 EP 543 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00233.x PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700009 PM 17908106 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Axelrad, R Wattigney, WA AF Jones, Sherry Everett Axelrad, Robert Wattigney, Wendy A. TI Healthy and safe school environment, part II, physical school environment: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLASSROOM FLOORS; ALLERGENS; ASTHMA; DUST; MITE; DAMPNESS; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; MOLD; AIR AB BACKGROUND: As society continues to focus on the importance of academic achievement, the physical environment of schools should be addressed as 1 of the critical factors that influence academic outcomes. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2006 provides, for the first time, a comprehensive look at the extent to which schools have health-promoting physical school environment policies and programs. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the SHPPS every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 424). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 992). RESULTS: One third (35.4%) of districts and 51.4% of schools had an indoor air quality management program; 35.3% of districts had a school bus engine-idling reduction program; most districts and schools had a policy or plan for how to use, label, store, dispose of, and reduce the use of hazardous materials; 24.5% of states required districts or schools to follow an integrated pest management program; and 13.4% of districts had a policy to include green design when building new school buildings or renovating existing buildings. CONCLUSIONS: SHPPS 2006 results can guide education and health agency actions in developing and implementing evidence-based tools, policies, programs, and interventions to ensure a safe and healthy physical school environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Indoor Environm Div 6609J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Agcy Toxis Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov; axelrad.bob@epa.gov; wwattigney@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 544 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00234.x PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700010 PM 17908107 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Marx, E Bowie, SE AF Eaton, Danice K. Marx, Eva Bowie, Sara E. TI Faculty and staff health promotion: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPACT; EDUCATORS AB BACKGROUND: US schools employ an estimated 6.7 million workers and are thus an ideal setting for employee wellness programs. This article describes the characteristics of school employee wellness programs in the United States, including state-, district-, and school-level policies and programs. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in 49 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 445). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 873). RESULTS: During the 2 years preceding the study, 67.3% of states provided assistance to districts or schools on how to develop or implement faculty and staff health promotion activities or services. Although nearly all schools offered at least 1 health promotion service or activity, few schools offered coordinated activities and services within a comprehensive employee wellness program. During the 12 months preceding the study, none of the health screenings were offered by more than one third of schools; only a few of the health promotion activities and services were offered by more than one third of schools; about one third of schools offered physical activity programs, employee assistance programs, and subsidies or discounts for off-site health promotion activities; and only 1 in 10 schools provided health-risk appraisals for faculty and staff. CONCLUSIONS: More schools should implement comprehensive employee wellness programs to improve faculty and staff health behaviors and health status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhe0@cdc.gov; tomneva@supportlab.com; sbowie@dhpe.org NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00235.x PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700011 PM 17908108 ER PT J AU Michael, S Dittus, P Epstein, J AF Michael, Shannon Dittus, Patricia Epstein, Joyce TI Family and community involvement in schools: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE community involvement; school community cooperation; schools; school policy; surveys ID PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; METAANALYSIS AB BACKGROUND: Family and community involvement in schools is linked strongly to improvements in the academic achievement of students, better school attendance, and improved school programs and quality. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 461). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 1029) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of required health education classes and courses (n = 912) and required physical education classes and courses (n = 1194). RESULTS: Although family and community involvement in states, districts, and schools was limited, many states, districts, and schools collaborated with community groups and agencies to promote and support school health programs. More than half of districts and schools communicated information to families on school health program components. Teachers in 55.5% of required health education classes and courses and 30.8% of required physical education classes and courses gave students homework or projects that involved family members. CONCLUSIONS: Although family and community involvement occurred at all levels, many schools are not doing some of the fundamental things schools could do to increase family involvement. Improvements in family and community involvement can support school health programs in states, districts, schools, and classrooms nationwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Res Applicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Natl Network Partnership Sch, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Res Applicat Branch, 470 Buford Highway NE,MS K-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM smichael@cdc.gov; pdittus@cdc.gov; jepstein@csos.jhu.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 567 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00236.x PG 21 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700012 PM 17908109 ER PT J AU Goveia, M Chan, BP Patel, PR AF Goveia, Michelle Chan, Benlamin P. Patel, Priti R. TI Evaluating the role of recombinant erythropoietin in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GADOLINIUM; DERMOPATHY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Oakland, CA USA. RP Patel, PR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ppatel@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 725 EP 727 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.07.010 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 213VQ UT WOS:000249695600029 PM 17689832 ER PT J AU Mawhinney, DB Stanelle, RD Hamelin, EI Kobelski, RJ AF Mawhinney, Douglas B. Stanelle, Rayman D. Hamelin, Elizabeth I. Kobelski, Robert J. TI Enhancing the response of alkyl methylphosphonic acids in negative electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry by post-column addition of organic solvents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CHARGED DROPLETS; SUPPRESSION; ANALYTES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; IONS AB A method to enhance the signal intensity and signal-to-noise of several alkyl methylphosphonic acids in negative electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ESI LC-MS/MS) is presented. This class of compound represents the initial metabolites and environmental degradants of the nerve agents: VX, rVX (Russian VX), GB (Sarin), GF (Cyclosarin), and GD (Soman). Compared with the post-column addition of the mobile phase, the post-column addition of aprotic solvents and longer chain alcohols enhance the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the chromatographic peaks by factors of up to 60 and 19, respectively. The post-column addition of water, methanol, and ethanol resulted in little or no relative signal enhancement. It is proposed that the post-column addition of these solvents do not result in the same enhancements due to stabilization of analyte solvation through hydrogen bonding. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mawhinney, DB (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbmawhinney@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1821 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.019 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 219PW UT WOS:000250098100010 PM 17719237 ER PT J AU Grefsheim, SF Rankin, JA AF Grefsheim, Suzanne F. Rankin, Jocelyn A. TI Information needs and information seeking in a biomedical research setting: a study of scientists and science administrators SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; CLINICAL QUESTIONS; PHYSICIANS; PRACTITIONERS; PROFESSIONALS; NETWORK AB Objective: An information needs study of clinical specialists and biomedical researchers was conducted at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to inform library services and contribute to a broader understanding of information use in academic and research settings. Methods: A random stratified sample by job category of 500 NIH scientists was surveyed by telephone by an independent consultant using a standardized information industry instrument, augmented with locally developed questions. Results were analyzed for statistical significance using t-tests and chi square. Findings were compared with published studies and an aggregated dataset of information users in business, government, and health care from Outsell. Results: The study results highlighted similarities and differences with other studies and the industry standard, providing insights into user preferences, including new technologies. NIH scientists overwhelmingly used the NIH Library (424/500), began their searches at the library's Website rather than Google (P = < 0.001), were likely to seek information themselves (474/500), and valued desktop resources and services. Conclusion: While NIH staff work in a unique setting, they share some information characteristics with other researchers. The findings underscored the need to continue assessing specialized needs and seek innovative solutions. The study led to improvements or expansion of services such as developing a Website search engine, organizing gene sequence data, and assisting with manuscript preparation. C1 NIH, Div Lib Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grefsheim, SF (reprint author), NIH, Div Lib Serv, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1150, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM grefshes@nih.gov; jrankin@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 95 IS 4 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.3163/1536-5050.95.4.426 PG 9 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 222DQ UT WOS:000250276700008 PM 17971890 ER PT J AU Russell, BJ Velez, JO Laven, JJ Johnson, AJ Chang, GJJ Johnson, BW AF Russell, Brandy J. Velez, Jason O. Laven, Janeen J. Johnson, Alison J. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Johnson, Barbara W. TI A comparison of concentration methods applied to non-infectious flavivirus recombinant antigens for use in diagnostic serological assays SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ultrafiltration; protein concentration; flavivirus; ultracentrifugation ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; INFECTED-MOUSE-BRAIN; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; FILTRATION; PARTICLES; VACCINE AB Since the introduction of West Nile virus into the United States in 1999, there has been a greater awareness of arboviruses, consequently, diagnostic testing for West Nile virus and other arboviruses has increased both in U.S. and international public health laboratories. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases/Arbovirus Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory produces and provides the serodiagnostic reagents which are not available commercially. Reagents needed to conduct the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) include a virus-specific non-infectious antigen. Antigens for Japanese encephalitis and the four dengue virus serotypes have been developed from COS-1 transformed cells that secrete non-infectious, virus-like particles into the cell culture supernatant. Four methods for concentrating the supernatant are discussed here. The methods are ultracentrifugation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and two ultrafiltration methods: the Stirred Cell (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA) and the Pellicon 2 (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). Ultracentrifugation and the Pellicon 2 ultrafiltration system produced antigen at a sufficient concentration for use in the ELISA. Large volumes were concentrated in a shorter time in the Pellicon 2 ultrafiltration system. An additional filtration step was necessary to produce antigen of sufficient concentration for use in the micro sphere-based immunoassay, which requires antigen concentrated an additional 10 times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diag & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Russell, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diag & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bmk8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.008 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 211FG UT WOS:000249509100009 PM 17570536 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Szretter, KJ Van Hoeven, N Katz, JM Kochs, G Haller, O Garcia-Sastre, A Staeheli, P AF Tumpey, Terrence M. Szretter, Kristy J. Van Hoeven, Neal Katz, Jacqueline M. Kochs, Georg Haller, Otto Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Staeheli, Peter TI The Mx1 gene protects mice against the pandemic 1918 and highly lethal human H5N1 influenza viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; VIRULENCE AB Mice carrying a wild-type Mx1 gene (Mx1(+/+)) differ from standard laboratory mice (Mx1(-/-)) in being highly resistant to infection with common laboratory strains of influenza A virus. We report that Mx1 also protects mice against the pandemic human 1918 influenza virus and a highly lethal human H5N1 strain from Vietnam. Resistance to H5N1 of Mx1(+/+) but not Mx1(-/-) mice was enhanced if the animals were treated with a single dose of exogenous alpha interferon before infection. Thus, the interferon-induced resistance factor Mx1 represents a key component of the murine innate immune system that mediates protection against epidemic and pandemic influenza viruses. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Virol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Staeheli, P (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Virol, Hermann Herder Str 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM tft9@cdc.gov; peter.staeheli@uniklinik-freiburg.de OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113] NR 17 TC 101 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 19 BP 10818 EP 10821 DI 10.1128/JVI.01116-07 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 212SP UT WOS:000249617400061 PM 17652381 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Lu, X Maines, TR Smith, C Li, Y Donis, RO Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Lu, Xuihua Maines, Taronna R. Smith, Catherine Li, Yan Donis, Ruben O. Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Pathogenesis of avian influenza (H7) virus infection in mice and ferrets: Enhanced virulence of Eurasian H7N7 viruses isolated from humans SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUSES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FOWL PLAGUE VIRUS; HONG-KONG; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HUMAN-BEINGS; HUMAN AIRWAY AB Before 2003, only occasional case reports of human H7 influenza virus infections occurred as a result of direct animal-to-human transmission or laboratory accidents; most of these infections resulted in conjunctivitis. An increase in isolation of avian influenza A H7 viruses from poultry outbreaks and humans has raised concerns that additional zoonotic transmissions of influenza viruses from poultry to humans may occur. To better understand the pathogenesis of H7 viruses, we have investigated their ability to cause disease in mouse and ferret models. Mice were infected intranasally with H7 viruses of high and low pathogenicity isolated from The Netherlands in 2003 (Netherlands/03), the northeastern United States in 2002-2003, and Canada in 2004 and were monitored for morbidity, mortality, viral replication, and proinflammatory cytokine production in respiratory organs. All H7 viruses replicated efficiently in the respiratory tracts of mice, but only Netherlands/03 isolates replicated in systemic organs, including the brain. Only A/NL/219/03 (NL/219), an H7N7 virus isolated from a single fatal human case, was highly lethal for mice and caused severe disease in ferrets. Supporting the apparent ocular tropism observed in humans following infection with viruses of the H7 subtype, both Eurasian and North American lineage H7 viruses were detected in the mouse eye following ocular inoculation, whereas an H7N2 virus isolated from the human respiratory tract was not. Therefore, in general, the relative virulence and cell tropism of the H7 viruses in these animal models correlated with the observed virulence in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Diseases, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Canadian Ctr Human & Animal Hlth, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Diseases, Influenza Div, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 20 BP 11139 EP 11147 DI 10.1128/JVI.01235-07 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 218MK UT WOS:000250019400029 PM 17686867 ER PT J AU Kuenzi, AJ Morrison, ML Madhav, NK Mills, JN AF Kuenzi, Amy J. Morrison, Michael L. Madhav, Nita K. Mills, James N. TI Brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) population dynamics and hantavirus infection during a warm, drought period in southern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE brush mouse; epizootiology; hantavirus; Limestone Canyon virus; Peromyscus boylii; population dynamics ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SMALL-MAMMAL POPULATIONS; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; RODENT POPULATIONS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; LONG-TERM; HABITAT; PREVALENCE AB We monitored Limestone Canyon hantavirus (LSCV) antibody prevalence, host (brush mouse, Peromyscus boylii) abundance, and environmental variables (temperature and rainfall) in brush mice captured on three trapping webs in southern Arizona for 5 yr. Although seasonal patterns were subtle, we observed large multiyear variation in population abundance and antibody prevalence. Limestone Canyon hantavirus infection in brush mouse populations varied over time with prevalence ranging from 0% to 33%. At all trapping webs, evidence of infection disappeared completely for an extended period (up to 2 yr) and eventually reappeared, suggesting that dispersal may play a role in maintaining infection in brush mouse metapopulations. Weather during the study period was drier and warmer than average and these conditions, especially during spring through fall, may have contributed to low brush mouse population density and the local extinction of LSCV during the second year of the study. Nevertheless, population growth was associated with relatively warm, dry conditions during winter periods and a cool, wet spring and summer period in the fifth year of the study. After prolonged absence, LSCV infection was consistently detected only when brush mouse population abundance reached relatively high levels during that fifth year. Comparison of our results to similar studies suggests that stochastic events resulting in the loss or survival of a few infected mice in low-density host populations may result in local extinction of virus; reestablishment of infection may occur via immigration of infected individuals from adjacent populations, but may be successful only when populations are of sufficient density to support frequent rodent-to-rodent interactions and virus transmission. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Technol, Dept Biol, Missoula, MT 59701 USA. Texas A&M Univ Coll Stn, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. AIR Worldwide Corp, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Kuenzi, AJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM akuenzi@mtech.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16455-06] NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 675 EP 683 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100013 PM 17984263 ER PT J AU Foley, JE Nieto, NC Clueit, SB Foley, P Nicholson, WN Brown, RN AF Foley, Janet E. Nieto, Nathan C. Clueit, S. Bernadette Foley, Patrick Nicholson, William N. Brown, Richard N. TI Survey for zoonotic rickettsial pathogens in northern flying squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus, in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; epidemic typhus; granulocytic anaplasmosis; Rickettsia prowazekii; rodents; sylvatic typhus; vectorborne disease ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; PHAGOCYTOPHILA SENSU-LATO; RATS NEOTOMA-FUSCIPES; IXODES-ANGUSTUS ACARI; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IXODIDAE AB Epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, is maintained in a southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) sylvatic cycle in the southeastern United States. The northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) has not been previously associated with R. prowazekii transmission. A second rickettsial pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, infects dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and tree squirrels in northern California. Because northern flying squirrels or their ectoparasites have not been tested for these rickettsial pathogens, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to test 24 northern flying squirrels for R. prowazekii and A. phagocytophilum infection or antibodies. Although there was no evidence of exposure to R. prowazekii, we provide molecular evidence of A. phagocytophilum infection in one flying squirrel; two flying squirrels also were seropositive for this pathogen. Fleas and ticks removed from the squirrels included Ceratophyllus ciliatus mononis, Opisodasys vesperalis, Ixodes hearlei, Ixodes pacificus and Dermacentor paramaperlus. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Sci Biol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Foley, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jefoley@ucdavis.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 684 EP 689 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100014 PM 17984264 ER PT J AU Sasaki, M Sitaraman, SV Babbin, BA Gerner-Smidt, P Ribot, EM Garrett, N Alpern, JA Akyildiz, A Theiss, AL Nusrat, A Klapproth, JMA AF Sasaki, Maiko Sitaraman, Shanti V. Babbin, Brian A. Gerner-Smidt, Peter Ribot, Efrain M. Garrett, Nancy Alpern, Joel A. Akyildiz, Adil Theiss, Arianne L. Nusrat, Asma Klapproth, Jan-Michael A. TI Invasive Escherichia coli are a feature of Crohn's disease SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE inflammatory bowel disease; escherichia coli; invasion; interleukin-8; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; epithelial barrier function ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ILEAL MUCOSA; FACTOR-ALPHA; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIAL-FLORA; EXPRESSION AB Crohn's disease ( CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are idiopathic inflammatory conditions of the gut. Our goal was to investigate if invasive Escherichia coli strains were present in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacterial strains were isolated from biopsy material obtained from normal controls, and patients with a clinical diagnosis of CD and UC. Invasive bacteria were characterized by gentamicin protection assay and biochemical profiling (Api- 20E). Strains were characterized by induction of cytokine expression in epithelial and macrophage cell cultures, measurement of epithelial barrier function, and confocal microscopy. Of all invasive bacterial strains in CD 98.9% were identified as E. coli as opposed to 42.1% in UC and 2.1% in normal controls. Epithelial invasion in vitro was significantly higher for CD-associated E. coli (8.4%, +/- 5.5 of initial inoculum (I/O)) in comparison to UC (2.5%, +/- 0.4I/O), but highest for strains from inflamed CD tissue (11.3%, +/- 74.3 I/O). Both, CD and UC E. coli strains induced high mean TNF-alpha expression in macrophage cell lines (2604.8 pg/10(5) cells, +/- 447.4; 2,402.6 pg/10(5) cells, +/- 476.3, respectively), but concentrations were significantly higher for isolates from inflamed CD tissue (3071.3 pg/10(5) cells, +/- 226.0). Invasive E. coli from IBD tissue induced similar concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 in epithelial cell cultures, but strains from inflamed CD tissue induced significantly less epithelial IL-8 (674.1 pg/ 10(5) cells, +/- 58.0 vs 920.5 pg/10(5) cells, +/- 94.6). IBD-associated E. coli strains significantly decreased transepithelial resistance, induced disorganization of F-actin and displacement of ZO-1, and E-cadherin from the apical junctional complex (AJC). In comparison to normal controls and UC, E. coli are more prevalent in CD, are highly invasive, and do not encode for known effector proteins. E. coli strains from IBD patients regulate cytokine expression and epithelial barrier function, two pathological features of IBD. C1 Emory Univ, Div Digest Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Klapproth, JMA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Digest Dis, 615 Michael St,Suite 201, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jklappr@emory.edu RI Nusrat, Asma/B-3887-2009 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK0628990-02, DK064711-03, DK55679, DK64399]; PHS HHS [R24EK064399-04] NR 59 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1042 EP 1054 DI 10.1038/labinvest.3700661 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 211XQ UT WOS:000249557400008 PM 17660846 ER PT J AU Jhung, MA Budnitz, DS Mendelsohn, AB Weidenbach, KN Nelson, TD Pollock, DA AF Jhung, Michael A. Budnitz, Daniel S. Mendelsohn, Aaron B. Weidenbach, Kelly N. Nelson, Theresa D. Pollock, Daniel A. TI Evaluation and overview of the national electronic injury surveillance system-cooperative adverse drug event surveillance project (NEISS-CADES) SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Methods in Comparative Effectiveness and Safety CY JUN, 2006 CL Rockville, MD DE adverse drug reaction reporting systems; surveillance; drug safety ID REGULATORY ACTIVITIES MEDDRA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY; MEDICAL DICTIONARY AB Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are an important cause of patient injury. Although most medications are prescribed and used in the outpatient setting, prevention efforts focus on the inpatient setting, partly because of limited data on outpatient events. We describe and evaluate a new system for surveillance of outpatient ADEs treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods: We used guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to assess the performance of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project (NEISS-CADES) from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004. Results: NEISS-CADES is a nationally representative surveillance system that identifies ADEs using ED clinical records. Of 10,383 reports in 2004, 100% listed patient age, sex, and disposition; 98% listed the implicated drugs. A 6-hospital evaluation of data quality, completeness, and other system attributes showed that NEISS-CADES data accurately reflected clinical records with respect to patient age and sex (100%), primary diagnosis (93%), implicated drugs (93%), primary treatments (80%), and diagnostic testing (61%). Sensitivity of case identification was estimated to be at least 0.33; estimated positive predictive value was 0.92. Data collection does not require additional work by clinical staff and has been well accepted by participating institutions. Conclusions: NEISS-CADES provides detailed and timely information on outpatient ADEs treated in EDs and identifies specific drugs and circumstances associated with these injuries. Findings from NEISS-CADES can help design and prioritize patient safety interventions for outpatient ADEs. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Off Drug Safety, Div Surveillance, Rockville, MD USA. Consemer Product Safety Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Jhung, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MJhung@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 SU 2 BP S96 EP S102 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222YG UT WOS:000250333800017 PM 17909391 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Kulldorfif, M Davis, RL Lewis, EM Weintraub, E Yih, K Yin, R Brown, JS Platt, R AF Lieu, Tracy A. Kulldorfif, Martin Davis, Robert L. Lewis, Edwin M. Weintraub, Eric Yih, Katherine Yin, Ruihua Brown, Jeffrey S. Platt, Richard CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Rapid Cyc TI Real-time vaccine safety surveillance for the early detection of adverse events SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Methods in Comparative Effectiveness and Safety CY JUN, 2006 CL Rockville, MD DE vaccine safety; active surveillance; sequential analysis; meningococcal vaccine; drug safety ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFANTS; INTUSSUSCEPTION AB Background: Rare but serious adverse events associated with vaccines or drugs are often nearly impossible to detect in prelicensure studies and require monitoring after introduction of the agent in large populations. Sequential testing procedures are needed to detect vaccine or drug safety problems as soon as possible after introduction. Objective: To develop and evaluate a new real-time surveillance system that uses dynamic data files and sequential analysis for early detection of adverse events after the introduction of new vaccines. Research Design: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-sponsored Vaccine Safety Datalink Project developed a real-time surveillance system and initiated its use in an ongoing study of a new meningococcal vaccine for adolescents. Dynamic data files from 8 health plans were updated and aggregated for analysis every week. The analysis used maximized sequential probability ratio testing (maxSPRT), a new signal detection method that supports continuous or time-period analysis of data as they are collected. Results: Using the new real-time surveillance system, ongoing analyses of meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV) safety are being conducted on a weekly basis. Two forms of maxSPRT were implemented: an analysis using concurrent matched controls, and an analysis based on expected counts of the outcomes of interest, which were estimated based on historical data. The analysis highlights both theoretical and operational issues, including how to (1) choose appropriate outcomes and stopping rules, (2) select control groups, and (3) accommodate variation in exposed:unexposed ratios between time periods and study sites. Conclusions: Real-time surveillance combining dynamic data files, aggregation of data, and sequential analysis methods offers a useful and highly adaptable approach to early detection of adverse events after the introduction of new vaccines. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Immunizat Safety Off, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vacc Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tracy_lieu@harvardpilgrim.org NR 18 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 SU 2 BP S89 EP S95 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222YG UT WOS:000250333800016 PM 17909389 ER PT J AU Bergholz, TM Tarr, CL Christensen, LM Betting, DJ Whittam, TS AF Bergholz, Teresa M. Tarr, Cheryl L. Christensen, Lisa. M. Betting, David J. Whittam, Thomas S. TI Recent gene conversions between duplicated glutamate decarboxylase genes (gadA and gadB) in pathogenic Escherichia coli SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptive evolution; recombination; gene duplication ID DEPENDENT ACID-RESISTANCE; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; DETECTING RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; ENTERIC BACTERIA; H-NS; O157-H7; SYSTEM AB Escherichia coli have evolved adaptive systems to resist strongly acidic habitats in part through the production of 2 biochemically identical isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), encoded by the gadA and gadB genes. These genes occur in E. coli and other members of the genospecies (e.g., Shigella spp.) and originated as part of a genomic fitness island acquired early in Escherichia evolution. The present duplicated gad loci are widely spaced on the E. coli chromosome, and the 2 genes are 97% similar in sequence. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the gadA and gadB in 16 strains of pathogenic E. coli revealed 3.8% and 5.0% polymorphism in the 2 genes, respectively. Alignment of the homologous genes identified a total of 120 variable sites, including 21 fixed nucleotide differences between the loci within the first 82 codons of the genes. Twenty-three phylogenetically informative sites were polymorphic for the same nucleotides in both genes suggesting recent gene conversions or intergenic recombination. Phylogenetic analysis based on the synonymous. substitutions per synonymous site indicated 2 cases in which specific gadA and gadB alleles were more closely related to one another than to other alleles at the corresponding locus. The results indicate that at least 3 gene conversion events have occurred after the gad gene duplication in the evolution of E. coli. Despite multiple gene conversion events, the upstream regulatory regions and the 5' end of each gene remains distinct, suggesting that maintaining functionally different gad genes is important in this acid-resistance mechanism in pathogenic E. coli. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Whittam, TS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM whittam@insu.edu RI Bergholz, Teresa/A-2815-2010 OI Bergholz, Teresa/0000-0002-3976-5858 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30058] NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2323 EP 2333 DI 10.1093/molbev/msm163 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 224HB UT WOS:000250437000017 PM 17675652 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Austin, H Marchbanks, PA Whiteman, MK Hsia, J Mandel, MG Peterson, HB Ory, HW AF Wingo, Phyllis A. Austin, Harland Marchbanks, Polly A. Whiteman, Maura K. Hsia, Jason Mandel, Michele G. Peterson, Herbert B. Ory, Howard W. TI Oral contraceptives and the risk of death from breast cancer SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; YOUNG-WOMEN; BODY-MASS; SURVIVAL; PROGNOSIS; PROGESTINS; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; ESTROGEN AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of death from breast cancer. METHODS: We used interview data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, linked to cancer registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, to examine the 15-year survival and prior use of oral contraceptives among 4,292 women aged 20 to 54 years when diagnosed with breast cancer from December 1, 1980, to December 31, 1982. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relative rate of death from breast cancer by oral contraceptive use. RESULTS: Duration of oral contraceptive use, time since first use, age at first use, and use of specific pill formulations were not associated with survival. For time since last use, the risk of death from breast cancer decreased significantly with increasing time since last use of oral contraceptives, but a consistent gradient effect was not observed. Adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 0.86 to 1.41 and were 1.00 or less for all recency categories except during 13 to 24 months before diagnosis; none was statistically significant. Women who were currently using oral contraceptives had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.90 (0.68, 1.19). CONCLUSION: Overall, oral contraceptive use had neither a harmful nor a beneficial effect on breast cancer mortality. The differences between pill users and nonusers were slight, and the risk estimates were usually reduced with confidence limits that nearly always included 1.0. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM acq5@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 110 IS 4 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000284446.22251.6e PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 217VA UT WOS:000249974200010 PM 17906011 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Kaneta, R Sullivan, FF Bishop, HS Qvarnstrom, Y da Silva, AJ Robinson, DG AF Hollingsworth, Robert G. Kaneta, Rachel Sullivan, Fames F. Bishop, Henry S. Qvarnstrom, Yvonne da Silva, Alexandre J. Robinson, David G. TI Distribution of Parmarion cf. martensi (Pulmonata : Helicarionidae), a new semi-slug pest on Hawai'i Island, and its potential as a vector for human angiostrongyliasis SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS; MOLLUSCAN HOSTS; CANTONENSIS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PARASITE AB The semi-slug Parmarion cf. martensi Simroth, 1893, was first discovered on O'ahu, Hawai'i, in 1996 and then on the island of Hawai'i in 2004. This species, which is probably native to Southeast Asia, is abundant in eastern Hawai'i Island, reportedly displacing the Cuban slug, Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1840), in some areas. A survey in July-August 2005 found P. cf. martensi primarily in the lower Puna area of Hawai'i Island, with an isolated population in Kailua-Kona (western Hawai'i Island). It is now established in commercial papaya plantations, and survey participants reported it as a pest of lettuce and papaya in home gardens. Survey respondents considered P. cf. martensi a pest also because of its tendency to climb on structures where it deposits its feces and because of its potential to transmit disease. Individuals of this species were found to carry large numbers of infective third-stage larvae of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935), the causative agent of human angiostrongyliasis and the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Using a newly developed polymerase chain reaction test, 77.5% of P. cf. martensi collected at survey sites were found infected with A. cantonensis, compared with 24.3% of V. cubensis sampled from the same areas. The transmission potential of this species may be higher than that for other slugs and snails in Hawai'i because of the high prevalence of infection, worm burdens, and its greater association with human habitations, increasing the possibility of human-mollusk interactions. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn Conjunct, Decatur, GA USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[457:DOPCMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 201NT UT WOS:000248839700002 ER PT J AU Saul, A Hensmann, M Sattabongkot, J Collins, WE Barnwell, JW Langermans, JAM Wu, Y Long, CA Dubovsky, F Thomas, AW AF Saul, A. Hensmann, M. Sattabongkot, J. Collins, W. E. Barnwell, J. W. Langermans, J. A. M. Wu, Y. Long, C. A. Dubovsky, F. Thomas, A. W. TI Immunogenicity in rhesus of the Plasmodium vivax mosquito stage antigen Pvs25H with Alhydrogel and Montanide ISA 720 SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alhydrogel; aluminium hydroxide; Montanide ISA 720; Plasmodium vivax; Pvs25H; rhesus ID TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING ACTIVITY; VACCINE CANDIDATES PVS25; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MALARIA VACCINE; ADJUVANT; ISA-720; SAFETY; TRIAL; ICC-1132; EFFICACY AB Pvs25 is an ookinete surface protein from Plasmodium vivax that is the target of transmission-blocking antibodies. Two immunogenicity trials in rhesus monkeys with a recombinant form of the protein, Pvs25H, were undertaken. Monkeys were vaccinated with Pvs25H adsorbed to Alhydrogel or emulsified in Montanide ISA 720 at 0, 4 and 27 weeks (study 1) or in Montanide ISA 720 at 0 and 18 weeks (study 2) with 1.5 or 15 mu g Pvs25H in 0.1 or 0.5 mL of emulsion (four combinations). Immunogenicity was assessed by ELISA and by membrane-feeding experiments using P. vivax-infected blood from human volunteers (studies 1 and 2) or from chimpanzees (study 1). Both vaccine trials generated antibodies that blocked transmission of P. vivax to mosquitoes. Antibody titres and transmission blocking were higher with Montanide ISA 720 than with Alhydrogel in the first trial and with the 15 mu g Pvs25H/0.5 mL ISA 720 combination in the second trial. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Malaria Vaccine Dev Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. GH Rijswijk, Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Dept Parasitol, Rijswijk, Netherlands. USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Saul, A (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Malaria Vaccine Dev Branch, NIH, Twinbrook 3,Room 1E-04,12735 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM asaul@niaid.nih.gov RI Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013 OI Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 21 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 29 IS 10 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00971.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 215RL UT WOS:000249826600004 PM 17883455 ER PT J AU Burt, CW Middleton, KR AF Burt, Catharine W. Middleton, Kimberly R. TI Factors associated with ability to treat pediatric emergencies in US hospitals SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE NHAMCS; AAP; ACEP ID MEDICAL-CARE; ACCESS AB Objectives: The purpose of this analysis is to investigate hospital and community factors associated with the availability of pediatric services, expertise, and supplies in US hospitals for treating pediatric emergencies. Methods: Data from the Emergency Pediatric Services an Equipment Supplement, a component of the 2002-2003 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, were merged with hospital and community characteristics to model preparedness to treat pediatric emergencies. The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey samples nonfederal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. The Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement was based on the 2001 guidelines developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Emergency Physicians. Estimates were weighted to produce unbiased national estimates of pediatric services, expertise, and equipment availability in emergency departments. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of being better prepared based on the above guidelines. Results: Bivariate analyses showed that hospital inpatient pediatric structure was linearly related to availability of supplies. However, inpatient structure was not associated with presence of a pediatric trauma service or written transfer agreement. Logistic regressions with each preparedness measure indicated that, after adjusting for hospital and community factors, pediatric volume, teaching hospital status, geographic region, and per capita income of the community were strongly related to being better prepared on each of the preparedness measures. Conclusions: To meet the 2001 guidelines, emergency departments need to improve their inventory of pediatric supplies, and hospitals that do not have specialized inpatient services need to implement written transfer agreements with other hospitals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Burt, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cwb2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 681 EP 689 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 219SX UT WOS:000250106200001 PM 18090098 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Tate, JE Selvarangan, R Daskalaki, I Jackson, MA Curns, AT Coffin, S Watson, B Hodinka, R Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Patel, Manish M. Tate, Jacqueline E. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Daskalaki, Irini Jackson, Mary Anne Curns, Aaron T. Coffin, Susan Watson, Barbara Hodinka, Richard Glass, Roger I. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Routine laboratory testing data for surveillance of rotavirus hospitalizations to evaluate the impact of vaccination SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; ICD-9-CM; international classification of diseases ninth edition; clinical modification gastroenteritis; vaccine; surveillance ID DISEASE BURDEN; GASTROENTERITIS; EFFICACY; CHILDREN AB Objective: The recent implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program in the United States makes it imperative to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus disease leading to hospitalization. Active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed rotavirus hospitalizations is the ideal approach for surveillance, but requires substantial resources to implement. We examine laboratory and hospital discharge data for 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals to assess the utility of routine laboratory testing data for surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis and to estimate rotavirus disease burden. Design: We obtained all discharge records of hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis among children < 5 years of age at Children's Mercy Hospital (CMH), Kansas City, from July 2000 to June 2005 and at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) from July 2004 to June 2006. We linked these discharge records to laboratory results of rotavirus testing to evaluate epidemiologic differences in children who were tested and not tested for rotavirus and to estimate overall rotavirus burden by extrapolating clinical testing results to the untested group. Results: At CMH, of the 3702 children with acute gastroenteritis, 69% (n = 2552) were discharged during the winter (January through May) months, when rotavirus is most common. Similarly, at CHOP, 62% (n = 779) of the 1261 gastroenteritis discharges occurred during the winter months. During these months, 47% (n = 1197 of 2552) of the discharges at CMH and 56% (n = 438 of 779) of the discharges at CHOP were tested for rotavirus and of those tested, 71% (n = 853 of 1197) and 55% (n = 242 of 438) were positive, respectively. At both hospitals, children with and without rotavirus testing had similar gender and race/ethnicity, but the rate of testing differed by age at CHOP and by month of admission at CMH. After adjusting for these differences, we estimate that 56%-70% of winter and 341%-48% of year-round gastroenteritis in children < 5 years can be attributable to rotavirus. Overall, 3%-5% of all hospitalizations in children < 5 years of age were caused by rotavirus. Conclusions: Sentinel hospitals where a large proportion of children hospitalized for gastroenteritis are routinely tested for rotavirus could provide a useful and cost-efficient platform to complement ongoing active surveillance efforts to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination. The data reaffirm the substantial burden of rotavirus hospitalizations in US children and the potential health benefits of vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, St Christophers Hosp Children, Dept Pediat,Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM aul3@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 914 EP 919 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31812e52fd PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 221GM UT WOS:000250215400008 PM 17901797 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, AM Perry, GS Gold, BD Parkinson, A Provost, EM Parvanta, I Grummer-Strawn, LM AF DiGirolamo, Ann M. Perry, Geraldine S. Gold, Benjamin D. Parkinson, Alan Provost, Ellen M. Parvanta, Ibrahim Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Helicobacter pylori, anemia, and iron deficiency - Relationships explored among Alaska Native children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H. pylori; anemia; iron deficiency; children; Alaska Natives ID C-13-UREA BREATH TEST; SIDEROPENIC REFRACTORY-ANEMIA; STOOL ANTIGEN TEST; SERUM FERRITIN; GASTRIC INFECTION; HIGH PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; ERADICATION; ASSOCIATION; ACQUISITION AB Background: Attempts to understand determinants of anemia and iron deficiency have led researchers to examine the role of Helicobacter pylori infection. The current study assessed determinants of anemia and iron deficiency, including H. pylori, in Alaska Native children. Methods: In 1999, a population-based survey was conducted among 86 children (67% response rate), mean age of 43.7 months (standard deviation = 16.8 months). Samples of breath, stool, and venous blood were obtained from children for measures of anemia, iron deficiency, H. pylori, fecal blood loss, and current inflammation. Standardized interviews with parents provided information on demographics, illness, and intake of dietary iron, iron-absorption inhibitors, and enhancers. Results: Of the 86 children studied, 17.4% were anemic and 38.6% were iron deficient. Forty-one percent of the cohort had H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies, 86% tested positive by the urea breath test (UBT), and 80% tested positive by the stool antigen test. Presence of H. pylori antibodies emerged as a significant risk factor for anemia and iron deficiency in adjusted analyses controlling for demographic factors, current inflammation, and antibiotic use. In contrast, children with positive UBT or stool antigen results were significantly less likely to have anemia or iron deficiency than those with negative results. Conclusions: Results from different measures of H. pylori may reflect different stages of infection. Relationships between H. pylori and anemia/iron deficiency may depend on the phase of infection measured, with serologic tests reflecting established H. pylori infection associated with anemia/iron deficiency, and UBT and stool antigen results reflecting an earlier stage of infection. C1 Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DiGirolamo, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM adigiro@sph.emory.edu NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31812e52cd PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 221GM UT WOS:000250215400010 PM 17901799 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Yanni, E Hagar, A Myers, C Rue, A Evans, C Lambert, LA Olney, RS AF Lobato, Mark N. Yanni, Emad Hagar, Arthur Myers, Charles Rue, Alison Evans, Catherine Lambert, Lauren A. Olney, Richard S. CA Louisiana OPH- CDC Newborn Screeni TI Impact of Hurricane Katrina on newborn screening in Louisiana SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE newborn screening; genetic screening; evaluation; public health; emergency preparedness; laboratories AB OBJECTIVE. The Louisiana Office of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assessed the extent to which newborn screening was disrupted from August 15 to September 21, 2005, the immediate period before and after Hurricane Katrina. METHODS. A list of hospitals with labor and delivery services was obtained from the Louisiana Hospital Association. A survey sent to hospitals on October 17, 2005, asked about the number of live births during the assessment period, disruption in hospital services, the number of specimens sent to alternative laboratories, and the number of children without screening results. RESULTS. Among 64 Louisiana hospitals with labor and delivery units, 6 remained closed at the time of the survey. Of the 58 open hospitals, 53 (91.4%) completed the questionnaire. Twenty-one (36.2%) of 58 hospitals experienced disruption of newborn screening services. Respondents from 31 (58.5%) of the 53 open hospitals acknowledged receiving the advisory from the Office of Public Health regarding resumption of newborn screening laboratory services. Hospitals stated that of 5958 specimens submitted, reports had not been received for 1207 (20.3%) newborns. The Office of Public Health laboratory reviewed the names of 2828 newborns received from hospitals and determined that no specimen was received within 14 days of collection for 631 (22.3%). Thirty percent of the specimens received from infants who were born between August 15 and September 21 were rejected as a result of having been received > 14 days after collection. Ten children had confirmed positive screening results during the assessment period; all were located, and treatment was initiated. CONCLUSIONS. Collaboration between the Office of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was essential to increase awareness of changes in laboratory procedures after the hurricane and to help identify infants who might be in need of screening or rescreening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rolney@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP E749 EP e755 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3616 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216HV UT WOS:000249870000048 PM 17908732 ER PT J AU Schaffzin, JK Pollock, L Schulte, C Henry, K Dayan, G Blog, D Smith, P AF Schaffzin, Joshua K. Pollock, Lynn Schulte, Cynthia Henry, Kyle Dayan, Gustavo Blog, Debra Smith, Perry TI Effectiveness of previous mumps vaccination during a summer camp outbreak SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE mumps; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; immunizations; disease outbreaks ID FIELD-EVALUATION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; VIRUS VACCINE; FAILURE; POPULATION; EFFICACY; UPDATE AB OBJECTIVES. Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease that may cause outbreaks. In July 2005, an outbreak of mumps occurred during a children's summer camp in upstate New York. An investigation was initiated to describe the cases and evaluate vaccine effectiveness. METHODS. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 541 children from the United States and abroad who attended a 1- or 2-month overnight summer camp. Patients with mumps were interviewed; serologic analysis was conducted for 6 case patients. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by retrospective review of immunization records for 507 attendees who were eligible for vaccination and had verified immunization history. RESULTS. Thirty-one camp attendees were identified as having mumps ( attack rate: 5.7%); 5 ( 83%) of 6 patients tested had positivity for mumps immunoglobulin M. Of the 507 participants ( including 29 patients) with available immunization history, 440 ( including 16 [ 87%] patients) were 2-dose recipients of mumps vaccine ( attack rate: 3.6%); 46 participants ( including 4 [ 9%] patients) were 1- dose recipients ( attack rate: 8.7%); and 21 ( including 9 [ 4%] patients) were unvaccinated ( attack rate: 42.9%). Vaccine effectiveness was 92% for 2 doses and 80% for 1 dose. CONCLUSIONS. Outbreaks of mumps in settings such as summer camps can occur despite high vaccination rates. Vaccine effectiveness for 2 mumps vaccinations was greater than vaccine effectiveness for 1 mumps vaccination. Therefore, recommendation of 2 mumps vaccinations for summer camp participants continues to be appropriate. Control of mumps disease relies on broad vaccination coupled with correct clinical diagnosis and strict control measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Career Workforce & Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Sullivan Cty Hlth Dept, Monticello, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Schaffzin, JK (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Empire State Plaza,Corning Tower Room 651, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM jks05@health.state.ny.us NR 47 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP E862 EP E868 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3451 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216HV UT WOS:000249870000062 PM 17908742 ER PT J AU Song, R Jelagat, J Dzombo, D Mwalimu, M Mandaliya, K Shikely, K Essajee, S AF Song, Rinn Jelagat, Justine Dzombo, Doris Mwalimu, Marietta Mandaliya, Kishorchandra Shikely, Khadija Essajee, Shaffiq TI Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected children in Kenya SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; AIDS; HAART; African children; Kenya ID HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; COMBINATION THERAPY; MORTALITY; NELFINAVIR; REGIMENS; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; TYPE-1 AB OBJECTIVE. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings. This observational, retrospective analysis describes the clinical, immunologic, and virologic effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naive, HIV-infected children in Mombasa, Kenya. In keeping with a public health approach, all children were treated by using a simplified, nationally approved, triple-drug regimen. METHODS. Clinical data and stored plasma samples from 29 children who were followed prospectively between April 2003 and October 2004 were analyzed. All children received generic formulations of nevirapine, zidovudine, and lamivudine and were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. At each visit, weight and CD4 lymphocyte counts were measured and plasma samples were stored for analysis. HIV RNA load was determined retrospectively at baseline and 9 months after initiation of therapy. RESULTS. The mean age of the children was 8.5 years ( range: 2-16 years). At baseline, the mean CD4 count ( +/- SD)was 182.3 x 10(6) cells per mu L ( +/- 145.6). On treatment, CD4 counts increased step-wise by a mean of 187 x 10(6) cells per mu L at 3 months, 293 cells per mu L at 6 months, 308 cells per mu L at 9 months, 334 cells per mu L at 12 months, and 363 cells per mu L at 15 months. The mean plasma viral load decreased from a baseline level of 622 712 to 35 369 copies per mL, and at 9 months was undetectable in 55% of the patients. Mean z scores for weight for age increased from a baseline of -1.61 to -1.12 at 12 months into therapy. CONCLUSIONS. A public health approach using 1 treatment regimen in generic form showed excellent efficacy among treatment-naive, HIV-infected children in a resource-limited country. Clinical and immunologic improvement occurred in all patients, but 9 months after the start of therapy, only 55% of the children had an undetectable viral load. C1 NYU, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. NYU, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. Coast Province Gen Hosp, Family Care Dev Clin, Mombasa, Kenya. RP Song, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Ms E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ggj4@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP E856 EP e861 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1122 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216HV UT WOS:000249870000061 PM 17846147 ER PT J AU Andrew, ME Li, S Fekedulegn, D Dorn, J Joseph, PN Violanti, J Burchfiel, CM AF Andrew, M. E. Li, S. Fekedulegn, D. Dorn, J. Joseph, P. N. Violanti, J. Burchfiel, C. M. TI Estimation of the maximum flow-mediated brachial artery response using local regression methods SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE brachial reactivity; flow-mediated dilation; brachial ultrasound; local regression; non-parametric regression; smoothing ID STRESS; VASODILATION AB We consider methods for estimating the maximum from a sequence of measurements of flow-mediated diameter of the brachial artery. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) is represented using the maximum change from a baseline diameter measurement after the release of a blood pressure cuff that has been inflated to reduce flow in the brachial artery. The influence of the measurement error on the maximum diameter from raw data can lead to overestimation of the average maximum change from the baseline for a sample of individuals. Nonparametric regression models provide a potential means for dealing with this problem. When using this approach, it is necessary to make a judicious choice of regression methods and smoothing parameters to avoid overestimation or underestimation of FMD. This study presents results from simulation studies using kernel-based local linear regression methods that characterize the relationship between the measurement error, smoothing and bias in estimates of FMD. Comparisons between fixed or constant smoothing and automated smoothing parameter selection using the generalized cross validation (GCV) statistic are made, and it is shown that GCV-optimized smoothing may over-smooth or under-smooth depending on the heart rate, measurement error and measurement frequency. We also present an example using measured data from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) pilot study. In this example, smoothing resulted in lower estimates of FMD and there was no clear evidence of an optimal smoothing level. The choice to use smoothing and the appropriate smoothing level to use may depend on the application. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Andrew, ME (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4050, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. FU PHS HHS [HELD01B0088] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1213 EP 1224 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/28/10/007 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 217XW UT WOS:000249981600007 PM 17906389 ER PT J AU Conenello, GM Zamarin, D Perrone, LA Tumpey, T Palese, P AF Conenello, Gina M. Zamarin, Dmitriy Perrone, Lucy A. Tumpey, Terrence Palese, Peter TI A single mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 influenza A viruses contributes to increased virulence SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; PANDEMIC VIRUS; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; EPIDEMICS; MORTALITY; IMPACT; PATHOGENICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; RESPONSES AB The proapoptotic PB1-F2 protein of influenza A viruses has been shown to contribute to pathogenesis in the mouse model. Expression of full-length PB1-F2 increases the pathogenesis of the influenza A virus, causing weight loss, slower viral clearance, and increased viral titers in the lungs. After comparing viruses from the Hong Kong 1997 H5N1 outbreak, one amino acid change (N66S) was found in the PB1-F2 sequence at position 66 that correlated with pathogenicity. This same amino acid change (N66S) was also found in the PB1-F2 protein of the 1918 pandemic A/ Brevig Mission/18 virus. Two isogenic recombinant chimeric viruses were created with an influenza A/WSN/33 virus background containing the PB1 segment from the HK/156/97: WH and WH N66S. In mice infected with WH N66S virus there was increased pathogenicity as measured by weight loss and decreased survival, and a 100-fold increase in virus replication when compared to mice infected with the WH virus. The 1918 pandemic strain A/Brevig Mission/18 was reconstructed with a pathogenicity-reducing mutation in PB1-F2 (S66N). The resultant 1918 S66N virus was attenuated in mice having a 3-log lower 50% lethal dose and caused less morbidity and mortality in mice than the wild-type virus. Viral lung titers were also decreased in 1918 S66N -infected mice compared with wild-type 1918 virus -infected mice. In addition, both viruses with an S at position 66 (WH N66S and wt 1918) induced elevated levels of cytokines in the lungs of infected mice. Together, these data show that a single amino acid substitution in PB1-F2 can result in increased viral pathogenicity and could be one of the factors contributing to the high lethality seen with the 1918 pandemic virus. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.palese@mssm.edu RI Conenello, Gina/K-3068-2012; OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, 1 PO1 AI058113, R01-AI8998, 1 T32 AI07647, U01 AI070469, HHSN266200700010C, UO1AI070469, T32 AI007647] NR 37 TC 276 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1414 EP 1421 AR e141 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030141 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 233TV UT WOS:000251114100007 PM 17922571 ER PT J AU Wofford, TS Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Labarthe, DR AF Wofford, Taylor S. Greenlund, Kurt J. Croft, Janet B. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Diet and physical activity of US adults with heart disease following preventive advice SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fruit and vegetable intake; heart disease; physical activity; physician advice; lifestyle behaviors; secondary prevention ID SECONDARY PREVENTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; EXERCISE; CARE; REHABILITATION; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; STATEMENT; VALIDITY AB Background. The extent to which persons with heart disease have been told to engage in and follow recommended preventive lifestyle actions is unknown. Methods. Receipt of advice for and levels of reported fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity were analyzed among people with heart disease in 25 states/territories in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone-based survey of US adults. Results. Overall, 7392 of 113,795 people reported a heart attack or coronary heart disease. Among these, 54.4% of respondents with heart disease were told to eat more fruits and vegetables; 24.7% met recommended 5 servings per day. In multivariable analyses, those told to eat more fruits and vegetables were somewhat more likely than those not advised to meet recommended intake (Odds ratio [OR] 1.30, confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.55). Some 53.2% were told to be more physically active; 33.2% met recommended physical activity levels and 30.8% were sedentary. In multivariable analyses, having been told to engage in physical activity was not related to the likelihood of meeting recommended levels (OR: 1.09, 95%; CI: 0.93-1.27). In sub-analyses, receipt of cardiac rehabilitation after heart attack was associated with meeting both dietary (OR: 1.50, CI 1.18-1.92) and activity recommended levels (OR 1.47, CI 1.20-1.82). Conclusion. Dietary and physical activity advice and patient actions remain suboptimal. Further efforts to identify effective patient education techniques and barriers to behavior change are needed to improve secondary prevention of heart disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.06.013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 228QD UT WOS:000250743700010 PM 17643478 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Stephens, J Buckley, M Tate, M AF Krakauer, Teresa Stephens, Julie Buckley, Marilyn Tate, Mallory TI Superantigen-induced cytokine release from whole-blood cell culture as a functional measure of drug efficacy after oral dosing in nonhuman primates SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pentoxifylline; cytokines; whole-blood cell culture ID TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; LETHAL SHOCK; FACTOR-ALPHA; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; IL-1-BETA; DISEASE AB Evaluation of drug efficacy for human diseases is routinely performed in animal models for efficiency and in accordance with FDA regulations. Rhesus macaques have been used as models for various lethal diseases and correlates of immunity, as nonhuman primates (NHP) closely resemble humans. We examined the ex vivo cytokine response of superantigen-stimulated whole-blood cells as a first step to therapeutic efficacy testing for bacterial superantigen-induced shock in NHP after oral dosing of pentoxifylline. Doses of 120 mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), gamma interferon (IFN gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72 mg/kg had no inhibitory effect. Thus cytokine release of stimulated peripheral blood cells provides a convenient biological measurement of the anti-inflammatory potency of pentoxifylline and has the advantage of assessing functional responses to a specific biotoxin of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM teresa.krakauer@amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.12.004 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 195LR UT WOS:000248414200007 PM 17412377 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Lee, M Oh, C Brodine, S AF Gunn, Robert A. Lee, Marjorie Oh, Christina Brodine, Stephanie TI Syphilis serologic prevalence monitoring among STD clinic clients: Correlation with reported syphilis incidence, San diego, CA, 1985-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROSTITUTION; COCAINE; COUNTY; MEN; SEX AB Objective: To describe the serologic test for syphilis (STS) prevalence among STD clinic clients, determine the correlation between STS prevalence trends and reported community-diagnosed primary and secondary (P&S) case incidence, and evaluate the usefulness of STS prevalence monitoring as a component of syphilis surveillance. Study: During the period 19135-2004, 21,4336 STS were done among STD clinic clients and a variety of STS prevalence measures were evaluated. Results: From 1985-1991, 10.2% of STS were positive, which declined to 5.6% during 1992-2004. Overall, STS positivity (>= 1:8) and male positivity (>= 1:8) trends were! correlated with reported community-diagnosed P&S case incidence and case incidence in men (r = 0.58 and r = 0.81, respectively). Male STS positivity (>= 1:8) began increasing in 2001, 1 year before the increase in syphilis incidence in men, which began in the latter half of 2002 and occurred mostly among men who have sex with men. Conclusion: In a syphilis outbreak in men who have sex with men, STS prevalence (>= 1:8) among male STD clinic clients was a useful measure of syphilis ease incidence trends and may provide an early warning for a subsequent increase in community-diagnosed case incidence. C1 Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, HIV STD & Hepatitis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, HIV STD & Hepatitis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, 3851 Rosecrans St,P501C, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM robert.gunn@sdcounty.ca.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000260916.69544.fe PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 212VH UT WOS:000249624400005 PM 17457238 ER PT J AU Kaufman, CE Shelby, L Mosure, DJ Marrazzo, J Wong, D De Ravello, L Rushing, SC Warren-Mears, V Neel, L Eagle, SJ Tulloch, S Romero, F Patrick, S Cheek, JE AF Kaufman, Carol E. Shelby, Laura Mosure, Debra J. Marrazzo, Jeanne Wong, David De Ravello, Lori Rushing, Stephanie Craig Warren-Mears, Victoria Neel, Lisa Eagle, Sara Jumping Tulloch, Scott Romero, Francine Patrick, Sarah Cheek, James E. CA Task Force STD Prevent & Control Amer Indians & Alaska Nat TI Within the hidden epidemic: Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS among American Indians and Alaska natives SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; HIV RISK; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; YOUTH; WOMEN AB Objectives: To review the epidemiology, research, and prevention programs for sexually transmitted diseases in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Study Design: We reviewed the current national and regional trends in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) for AI/ANs from 1998-2004, peer-reviewed studies from January 1996, through May 2006, and reports, unpublished documents, and electronic resources addressing AI/AN STD prevention and control. Results: STD prevalence among AI/ANs remains high. For example, the case rate of C. trachomatis in the North Central Plains AI/AN populations is 6 times the overall US rate. Trends for C. trachomatis also show sustained increases. Little research exists on STDs for this population, and most is focused on HIV/AIDS. Fear of compromised confidentiality, cultural taboos, and complex financial and service relationships inhibit effective surveillance, prevention, and management. Conclusions: Recommendations for STD control in this population include improved local surveillance and incorporation of existing frameworks of health and healing into prevention and intervention efforts. Research defining the parameters of cultural context and social epidemiology of STDs is necessary. C1 Univ Colorado, Amer Indian & Nat Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assignee Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. NW Portland Area Indian Hlth Board, Portland, OR USA. Nat Amer Management Serv Inc, Reston, VA USA. Albuquerque Area SW Tribal Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ S Dakota, Ctr Rural Hlth Improvement, Natl Ctr Excellence Womens Hlth, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kaufman, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Amer Indian & Nat Program, MS F800,POB 6508, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM carol.kaufman@uchsc.edu OI Craig Rushing, Stephanie/0000-0001-6800-4647; Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH59017, R01 MH69086] NR 123 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 767 EP 777 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000260915.64098.cb PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 212VH UT WOS:000249624400008 PM 17538516 ER PT J AU Nelson, SJ Manhart, LE Gorbach, PM Martin, DH Stoner, BP Aral, SO Holmes, KK AF Nelson, Sara J. Manhart, Lisa E. Gorbach, Pamina M. Martin, David H. Stoner, Bradley P. Aral, Sevgi O. Holmes, King K. TI Measuring sex partner concurrency: It's what's missing that counts SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USE; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS; RISK; AGREEMENT; ASSAY AB Background: Sex partner concurrency is an important determinant of STI transmission dynamics, yet its measurement is not standardized. Goal: We assessed the agreement, compared correlates, and investigated data quality and completeness between 2 common concurrency measures. Study Design: Young adults (ages 18-26) attending public STI) clinics between 2001 and 2004 in Seattle, St. Louis, and New Orleans, provided data on 2 or more sex partners in a computer-administered survey interview (N = 680). Concurrency with last partner was measured in 2 ways: (a) a direct question about other sexual contacts during the most recent sexual relationship and (b) overlapping start and end dates of the 2 most recent relationships. Results: Although 56% reported concurrency by direct questioning and 54% by overlapping dates, the kappa statistic for agreement between measures was only fair (0.395). Indeed, 29% of those reporting concurrent partners by the direct question did not do so by overlapping dates and 26% of participants concurrent by overlapping dates were not concurrent by the direct question. Each of the measures had dissimilar correlates, and concurrency data were missing or uninterpretable more often for the overlapping dates measure (21.3%) than the direct question (1.8%). Conclusions: Concurrency was common by both measures but the measures were not interchangeable. Although the overlapping dates measure provided information about partnership duration, it is subject to missing or uninterpretable data. The direct question substantially minimized the amount of missing data and may be more appropriate for use with computer-ad ministered survey interview. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manhart, LE (reprint author), UW Ctr AIDS & STD, 325 9th Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM lmanhart@u.washington.edu FU PHS HHS [A131448] NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318063c734 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 212VH UT WOS:000249624400013 PM 17551413 ER PT J AU Satterwhite, CL Kamb, ML Metcalf, C Douglas, JM Malotte, CK Paul, S Peterman, TA AF Satterwhite, Catherine Lindsey Kamb, Mary L. Metcalf, Carol Douglas, John M. Malotte, C. Kevin Paul, Sindy Peterman, Thomas A. TI Changes in sexual Behavior and STD prevalence among heterosexual STD clinic attendees: 1993-1995 versus 1999-2000 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONDOM USE; INTERVIEWS; EFFICACY; TRENDS AB Objective: To examine trends in sex behaviors and STD prevalence over time among heterosexual STD clinic populations from 3 urban STD clinics in the United States. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis comparing baseline data on risk (self-reported) and STDs (laboratory defined) from 2 randomized controlled trials evaluating counseling efficacy conducted about 5 years apart, Project RESPECT (1993-1995) and RESPECT-2 (1999-2000). Results: The participants from RESPECT (n = 2457) and RESPECT-2 (n = 3080) were demographically similar. However, the proportion of participants reporting any unprotected anal sex was much higher in RESPECT-2 (women: 7% vs. 18%; men: 7% vs. 17%). Also, substantially more participants reported a new sex partner in RESPECT-2 (women: 43% vs. 61%; men: 54% vs. 72%). In addition, more women reported 2 or more partners (37% vs. 48%) and a partner with another concurrent sex partner (19% vs. 32%). Slightly more women and men in RESPECT-2 reported 2 protective behaviors, having an HIV test and any condom use; however, consistent condom use did not differ. Conversely, the proportion of participants with bacterial STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis) was much lower in RESPECT-2 (women: 24% vs. 18%; men: 38% vs. 24%). Conclusions: Despite substantial promotion of safer sex behaviors over the past decade, many risk behaviors were stable over time, and some behaviors, such as unprotected anal sex, appeared substantially higher. Even in the absence of widespread behavior change, the prevalence of common bacterial STDs appeared to have decreased appreciably. C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Satterwhite, CL (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clindsey@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31805c751d PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 212VH UT WOS:000249624400016 PM 17551414 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Steiner, MJ Warner, L Hylton-Kong, T Figueroa, JP Hobbs, MM Behets, FM AF Gallo, Maria F. Steiner, Markus J. Warner, Lee Hylton-Kong, Tina Figueroa, J. Peter Hobbs, Marcia M. Behets, Frieda M. TI Self-reported condom use is associated with reduced risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; USE ERRORS; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB Objectives: To evaluate the association between self-reported condom use and prevalent and incident chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. Study Design: Prospective study of 414 males attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Jamaica. Condom use and STI status were assessed at enrollment and at 4 follow-up visits. Results: The analyses on condom use and prevalent STI included data from 414 men, while those on incident STI were based on 1111 intervals from 355 men. We diagnosed prevalent STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or trichomoniasis) in 54.6% (n = 226) of the participants at enrollment. About 14% (n = 51) of participants had at least 1 of the study STIs during follow-up. Follow-up visits in which participants reported consistent condom use (100% of acts) for the past 7 days had less incident STI (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9) compared with visits where no condom use was reported. Self-reported condom use was more closely correlated with incident than prevalent STI. For example, the adjusted OR for prevalent infection for participants reporting consistent versus no condom use in past 7 days was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4-1.2). Classifications based on the number of unprotected acts yielded findings similar to those based on the proportion of acts protected. Conclusions: Consistent condom use was associated with reduced risk of incident urethral STI. Research on condom effectiveness should focus on incident STI outcomes, where the temporal relationship between condom use and infection is clearer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Family Hlth Int, Clin Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Comprehens Hlth Ctr, Kingston, Jamaica. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgalio@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318073bd71 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 212VH UT WOS:000249624400018 PM 17579339 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW AF Chesson, Harrell W. TI Cost effectiveness of one to one STI prevention interventions SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; WOMEN; RISK; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 6 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.026641 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 216HK UT WOS:000249868900001 PM 17911139 ER PT J AU Risley, CL Ward, H Choudhury, B Bishop, CJ Fenton, KA Spratt, BG Ison, CA Ghani, AC AF Risley, Claire L. Ward, Helen Choudhury, Bhudipa Bishop, Cynthia J. Fenton, Kevin A. Spratt, Brian G. Ison, Catherine A. Ghani, Azra C. TI Geographical and demographic clustering of gonorrhoea in London SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INEQUALITIES; PARTNERSHIPS; CHLAMYDIA; AREA AB Background: Gonorrhoea is an important cause of sexual ill health and is concentrated in geographical areas and demographic groups. This study explores the distribution of gonorrhoea across London. Methods: Epidemiological data on all gonorrhoea cases were collected from 13 major genitourinary clinics in London between 1 June and 30 November 2004. Samples were stored centrally and typed using NG-MAST. The postcode of each case's main residence was used to calculate incidence of gonorrhoea by borough using data from the UK 2001 census and a population survey on residence of men who have sex with men (MSM). Results: 2891 cases were confirmed, 1822 of which had postcode data, resided in London, and had their strain successfully typed. There was a very high incidence of gonorrhoea in MSM (1834 per 100 000 population) and heterosexuals of black ethnicity (392 per 100 000). The incidence among heterosexuals was highest in City of London (390 per 100 000, 95% CI 213 to 566), Southwark (308 per 100 000, 95% CI 280 to 336), Hackney (284 per 100 000, 95% CI 254 to 313), and Lambeth (216 per 100 000, 95% CI 194 to 239) and was not associated with measures of social deprivation (correlation coefficient = 0.0008, p = 0.97) but was strongly associated with black ethnicity (correlation coefficient = 0.48, p = 0.01). 45% of cases had one of the 21 major strains; eight of these strains were significantly clustered geographically and persisted for a shorter duration than those that were not clustered. Patients travelled a mean of 7.7 km from their home to the clinic. Conclusions: High gonorrhoea incidence in London is observed in MSM and heterosexuals of black ethnicity. Endemic strains in both MSM and heterosexuals are diagnosed at multiple clinics. Interventions, including partner notification, must therefore operate between clinics. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, London, England. St Marys Hosp, Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. RP Ghani, AC (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM azra.ghani@lshtm.ac.uk RI Ward, Helen/A-1836-2009; Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009; Ghani, Azra/B-8560-2009; Choudhury, Bhudipa/D-3863-2011 OI Ward, Helen/0000-0001-8238-5036; Choudhury, Bhudipa/0000-0002-1392-6414 FU Wellcome Trust [072422, GR072422] NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 6 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.026021 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 216HK UT WOS:000249868900015 PM 17702771 ER PT J AU Vajani, M Annest, JL Crosby, AE Alexander, JD Millet, LM AF Vajani, Madhavi Annest, Joseph L. Crosby, Alex E. Alexander, Janice D. Millet, Lisa M. TI Nonfatal and fatal self-harm injuries among children aged 10-14 years - United States and Oregon, 2001-2003 SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; YOUTH; RISK AB Fatal and nonfatal injuries due to suicidal behavior among younger adolescents are of growing concern for many communities. We examined the incidence and patterns of these injuries among persons aged 10-14 years using three databases, two national and a third from Oregon. Suffocation and firearm gunshot were the leading external causes of suicide; poisoning and cutting/piercing were the leading causes of nonfatal self-harm injuries. The most common psychosocial factors associated with those treated in emergency departments for self-harm injuries were psychological conditions; drug/alcohol involvement; and adverse circumstances, including family discord, school problems, and physical/sexual abuse. Analysis of population-based data from these databases are part of the public health approach and can help direct much needed research and prevention efforts that address self-harming behavior in these younger adolescents. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dept Human Serv, Injury Prevent & Epidemiol Sect, Portland, OR USA. RP Vajani, M (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 493 EP 506 DI 10.1521/suli.2007.37.5.493 PG 14 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 222BT UT WOS:000250271800001 PM 17967116 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CL Malarcher, AM Clark, PI Bombard, JM Strauss, W Stillman, FA AF Schmitt, Carol L. Malarcher, Ann M. Clark, Pamela I. Bombard, Jennifer M. Strauss, Warren Stillman, Frances A. TI Community guide recommendations and state level tobacco control programmes: 1999-2004 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID STOP SMOKING INTERVENTION; YOUTH SMOKING; INDUSTRY; POLICY; TRUTH; CALIFORNIA; CAMPAIGNS; BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To identify the level of effort state tobacco control programmes and partners have expended on interventions recommended by the community guide and how those efforts have changed over time between 1999 and 2004. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: United States. Participants: State tobacco control partners, including the state health department, voluntary agencies and tobacco control coalitions. Main outcome measure: We used the Strength of Tobacco Control survey responses in 1999, 2002 and 2004 to calculate the mean proportion of state tobacco control partners working on recommended interventions and subsequently analysed changes in effort over time. Results: The proportion of state tobacco control partners working to promote clean indoor air legislation remained at more than 70% in all three years. The proportion working to increase taxes on tobacco rose significantly between 1999 and 2002 ( from 54% to 70%), and those working to reduce patient costs for tobacco cessation treatments never exceeded 31% in any year. Use of mass media targeting youths decreased significantly in all years ( from 40% to 32% to 26%), and the proportion of state tobacco control partners participating in a quitline has increased steadily and significantly in all years ( from 24% to 36% to 41%). The level of effort in each area varied widely between states and over time. Conclusions: State tobacco control partners are implementing evidence based interventions, but more focus is needed on the tobacco cessation and mass media campaign components of comprehensive tobacco control programmes. C1 RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Tobacco Control, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schmitt, CL (reprint author), 701 13th St,NW,Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM cschmitt@rti.org NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.019372 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 214AJ UT WOS:000249708100015 PM 17897990 ER PT J AU Leavens, TL Blount, BC DeMarini, DM Madden, MC Valentine, JL Case, MW Silva, LK Warren, SH Hanley, NM Pegram, RA AF Leavens, Teresa L. Blount, Benjamin C. DeMarini, David M. Madden, Michael C. Valentine, John L. Case, Martin W. Silva, Lalith K. Warren, Sarah H. Hanley, Nancy M. Pegram, Rex A. TI Disposition of bromodichloromethane in humans following oral and dermal exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bromodichloromethane; pharmacokinetics; dermal absorption; oral absorption ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; TAP WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; TRANSFERASE-THETA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLADDER-CANCER; TREATED WATER; BUTYL ETHER; GLUTATHIONE AB Exposure to bromodichloromethane (BDCM), one of the most prevalent disinfection byproducts in drinking water, can occur via ingestion of water and by dermal absorption and inhalation during activities such as bathing and showering. The objectives of this research were to assess BDCM pharmacokinetics in human volunteers exposed percutaneously and orally to (13)C-BDCM and to evaluate factors that could affect disposition of BDCM. Among study subjects, CYP2E1 activity varied fourfold; 20% had the glutathione S-transferase theta 1-1 homozygous null genotype; and body fat ranged from 7 to 22%. Subjects were exposed to (13)C-BDCM in water (target concentration of 36 mu g/l) via ingestion and by forearm submersion. Blood was collected for up to 24 h and analyzed for (13)C-BDCM by solid-phase microextraction and high-resolution GC-MS. Urine was collected before and after exposure for mutagenicity determinations in Salmonella. After ingestion (mean dose 5 146 ng/kg), blood (13)C-BDCM concentrations peaked and declined rapidly, returning to levels near or below the limit of detection (LOD) within 4 h. The T(max) for the oral exposure ranged from 5 to 30 min, and the C(max) ranged from 0.4 to 4.1 ng/l. After the 1 h dermal exposure (estimated mean dose 5 155 ng/kg), blood concentrations of (13)C-BDCM ranged from 39 to 170 ng/l and decreased to levels near or below the LOD by 24 h. Peak postdose urine mutagenicity levels that were at least twice that of the predose mean level occurred in 6 of 10 percutaneously exposed subjects and 3 of 8 orally exposed subjects. These results demonstrate a highly significant contribution of dermal absorption to circulating levels of BDCM and confirm the much lower oral contribution, indicating that water uses involving dermal contact can lead to much greater systemic BDCM doses than water ingestion. These data will facilitate development and validation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for BDCM in humans. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pegram, RA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pegram.rex@epa.gov NR 62 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 432 EP 445 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm190 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 216NW UT WOS:000249885900007 PM 17656487 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB AF Hayes, Edward B. TI Acute viscerotropic disease following vaccination against yellow fever SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review DE yellow fever; vaccines; 17D vaccine; viscerotropic disease; adverse effects; immunotherapy ID SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS; 17DD VACCINE; BRAZIL; SYNTHETASE; IMMUNITY; VIRUS; DEATH; RISK AB Acute viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination (YEL-AVD) is a rare but serious complication of vaccination with 17D yellow fever vaccine. This paper reviews the existing literature regarding YEL-AVD and discusses possible etiologic mechanisms. A greater understanding of this condition is essential to assuring safe and effective prevention of yellow fever and vaccination against other arboviral diseases for which 17D-based vaccines are being developed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ebh2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 BP 967 EP 971 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.06.013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 218PQ UT WOS:000250027800005 PM 17669451 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Hamel, MJ Feikin, DR Odhiambo, F Adazu, K Williamson, J Vulule, JM Slutsker, L AF Lindblade, Kim A. Hamel, Mary J. Feikin, Daniel R. Odhiambo, Frank Adazu, Kubaje Williamson, John Vulule, John M. Slutsker, Laurence TI Mortality of sick children after outpatient treatment at first-level health facilities in rural western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE child mortality; delivery of healthcare; infectious diseases; primary healthcare ID TREATED BED NETS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; CARE-SEEKING; EFFICACY; AFRICA; DEATHS; INTERVENTIONS; PREDICTORS AB OBJECTIVES (1) To determine whether mortality rates were raised in sick children in the 30 days after visiting first-level health facilities in an area under demographic surveillance in western Kenya, (2) to identify the types of illnesses associated with increased mortality and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of appropriate treatment. METHODs All sick children (2-59 months of age) who attended one of the seven participating first-level health facilities from May to August 2003 were identified. A standardized mortality ratio was computed to compare their mortality rate in the 30 days after a sick visit with that of the community under active demographic and health surveillance. A multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to identify illnesses associated with death and to estimate the protective effectiveness of appropriate treatment for potentially life-threatening diseases. RESULTS A total of 1383 eligible children made 1697 sick visits; 33 (2.4%) died within 30 days. Compared with children 2-59 months in the general population, sick children had a 5.3 times greater mortality rate [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8-7.5]. In a multivariate survival analysis, significant risk factors for mortality included age <24 months [Hazard Ratio (HR) 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-12.61, malnutrition (FIR 15.5, 95% CI 6.1-39.8), severe pneumonia (FIR 12.9, 95% Cl 3.0-56.4) and anaemia (FIR 3.3, 95% Cl 1.5-7.2). Appropriate treatment for a child's most severe illness reduced mortality by 78% (95% CI 57-89%). CONCLUSION We estimate that improvements in diagnosis and appropriate treatment at first-level health facilities for children 2-59 months could reduce overall under-5 mortality in the area by 12-14%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Syst, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Unit 3321, APO, AA 34024 USA. EM kil2@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1258 EP 1268 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01898.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 231BB UT WOS:000250920300016 PM 17956509 ER PT J AU Nazarian, SH Barrett, JW Frace, AM Olsen-Rasmussen, M Khristova, M Shaban, M Neering, S Li, Y Damon, IK Esposito, JJ Essani, K McFadden, G AF Nazarian, Steven H. Barrett, John W. Frace, A. Michael Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa Khristova, Marina Shaban, Mae Neering, Sarah Li, Yu Damon, Inger K. Esposito, Joseph J. Essani, Karim McFadden, Grant TI Comparative genetic analysis of genomic DNA sequences of two human isolates of Tanapox virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tanapox; Yatapoxvirus; poxvirus; comparative genomics ID TUMORIGENIC POXVIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FIBROMA VIRUS; ORF-VIRUS; SMALLPOX; DISEASE; PROTEINS; MONKEYS; EVASION AB Members of the genus Yatapoxvirus, which include Tanapox virus (TPV) and Yaba monkey tumor virus, infect primates including humans. Two strains of TPV isolated 50 years apart from patients infected from the equatorial region of Africa have been sequenced. The original isolate from a human case in the Tana River Valley, Kenya, in 1957 (TPV-Kenya) and an isolate from an infected traveler in the Republic of Congo in 2004 (TPV-RoC). Although isolated 50 years apart the genomes were highly conserved. The genomes differed at only 35 of 144,565 nucleotide positions (99.98% identical). We predict that TPV-RoC encodes 155 ORFs, however a single transversion (at nucleotide 10241) in TPV-Kenya resulted in the coding capacity for two predicted ORFs (11.1L and 11.2L) in comparison to a single ORF (I I L) in TPV-RoC. The genomes of TPV are A+T rich (73%) and 96% of the sequence encodes predicted ORFs. Comparative genomic analysis identified several features shared with other chordopoxviruses. A conserved sequence within the terminal inverted repeat region that is also present in the other members of the Yatapoxviruses as well as members of the Capripoxviruses, Swinepox virus and an unclassified Deerpox virus suggests the existence of a conserved near-terminal sequence secondary structure. Two previously unidentified gene families were annotated that are represented by ORF TPV28L, which matched homologues in certain other chordopoxviruses, and TPV42.5L, which is highly conserved among currently reported chordopoxvirus sequences. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Robarts Res Inst, Biotherapeut Res Grp, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources, Biotechnol Core Fac Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabiesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Virol Lab, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP McFadden, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd,ARB Roon R4-295,POB 100332, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM grantmcf@ufl.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.05.001 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 216TM UT WOS:000249901900002 PM 17574698 ER PT J AU Bryant, JE Calvert, AE Mesesan, K Crabtree, MB Volpe, KE Silengo, S Kinney, RM Huang, CYH Miller, BR Roehrig, JT AF Bryant, Juliet E. Calvert, Amanda E. Mesesan, Kyeen Crabtree, Mary B. Volpe, Katharine E. Silengo, Shawn Kinney, Richard M. Huang, Claire Y. -H. Miller, Barry R. Roehrig, John T. TI Glycosylation of the dengue 2 virus E protein at N67 is critical for virus growth in vitro but not for growth in intrathoracically inoculated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE E glycosylation; dengue virus; Flavivirus; mosquitoes ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; DENGUE 2 VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; KUNJIN VIRUS; ACIDIC PH; DC-SIGN AB To determine the importance of dengue 2 virus (DEN2V) envelope (E) protein glycosylation, virus mutants in one or both of the N-linked glycosylation motifs were prepared. We found that while the E2 mutant virus (N153Q) replicated in mammalian and mosquito cells, the El (N67Q) and E1/2 (N67Q and N153Q) mutant viruses were unable to grow in mammalian cells. Infection of C6/36 mosquito cells with either the El or El/2 mutants resulted in the introduction of a compensatory mutation, K64N, restoring glycosylation in the area. All mutants replicated similarly in inoculated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with no change in their mutations. These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is not necessary for DEN2V replication in-mosquitoes, however N-linked glycosylation at amino acid N67 (or nearby N64) is critical for the survival of the virus in either mammalian or insect cell culture. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Arboviral Dis Branch Div Vector Bone Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Arboviral Dis Branch Div Vector Bone Infect Dis, PO Box 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jtr1@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 2 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 214WR UT WOS:000249769400017 PM 17543367 ER PT J AU Cupp, E Richards, F Lammie, P Eberhard, M AF Cupp, Ed Richards, Frank Lammie, Patrick Eberhard, Mark TI Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, F (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fxr1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 29 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9593 BP 1123 EP 1123 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61501-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 221YQ UT WOS:000250263700014 PM 17905155 ER PT J AU Hammitt, LL Hennessy, TW Fiore, AE Zanis, C Hummel, KB Dunaway, E Bulkow, L McMahon, BJ AF Hammitt, Laura L. Hennessy, Thomas W. Fiore, Anthony E. Zanis, Carolyn Hummel, Kimberlee Boyd Dunaway, Eitel Bulkow, Lisa McMahon, Brian J. TI Hepatitis B immunity in children vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: A follow-up study at 15 years SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; vaccine; immunogenicity; hepatitis B virus ID IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; BOOSTER VACCINATION; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODY; PROTECTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination of infants is unknown. We determined antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and response to a booster dose 15 years after vaccination among Alaskan children born to hepatitis B surface antigennegative mothers. These children had protective anti-HBs concentrations when tested after receiving a three-dose series of 2.5 mu g recombinant hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth. Methods: Participants received 5 mu g of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Sera were collected at baseline, 10-14 days and I month after vaccination, and tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and anti-HBs. An anamnestic response was defined as an anti-HBs increase within 15 days, from either undetectable to >= 10 mIU/mL, or, if the baseline concentration was detectable, a 4-fold increase. Results: None of 37 participants (mean age 14.6 years) were anti-HBc positive. An anamnestic response (GMC = 254 mIU/mL, range 16-2767 mIU/mL) was observed in 18 (51 %) of 35 participants who had sera collected within 15 days after the booster. Conclusions: In this small study, half of children who had received hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth did not have evidence of immune memory as measured by development of anamnestic responses to booster vaccination. Additional studies are needed to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to infection and whether persons vaccinated starting at birth may benefit from a hepatitis B vaccine booster to maintain long-term protection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatatis, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Liver Dis & Hepatatis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hammitt, LL (reprint author), 4055 Tidor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lhammitt@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 39-40 BP 6958 EP 6964 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.059 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 223ES UT WOS:000250353000019 PM 17714836 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Price, C Goodson, B Shay, DK Benson, P Hinrichsen, VL Lewis, E Eriksen, E Ray, P Marcy, SM Dunn, J Jackson, LA Lieu, TA Black, S Stewart, G Weintraub, ES Davis, RL DeStefano, F AF Thompson, William W. Price, Cristofer Goodson, Barbara Shay, David K. Benson, Patti Hinrichsen, Virginia L. Lewis, Edwin Eriksen, Eileen Ray, Paula Marcy, S. Michael Dunn, John Jackson, Lisa A. Lieu, Tracy A. Black, Steve Stewart, Gerrie Weintraub, Eric S. Davis, Robert L. DeStefano, Frank CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; PRENATAL MERCURY EXPOSURE; VACCINE SAFETY DATALINK; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CONFOUNDER-SELECTION; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; CELL-DEATH; INFANTS AB Background It has been hypothesized that early exposure to thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative used in vaccines and immune globulin preparations, is associated with neuropsychological deficits in children. Methods We enrolled 1047 children between the ages of 7 and 10 years and administered standardized tests assessing 42 neuropsychological outcomes. (We did not assess autism-spectrum disorders.) Exposure to mercury from thimerosal was determined from computerized immunization records, medical records, personal immunization records, and parent interviews. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained from the interviews and medical charts. We assessed the association between current neuropsychological performance and exposure to mercury during the prenatal period, the neonatal period (birth to 28 days), and the first 7 months of life. Results Among the 42 neuropsychological outcomes, we detected only a few significant associations with exposure to mercury from thimerosal. The detected associations were small and almost equally divided between positive and negative effects. Higher prenatal mercury exposure was associated with better performance on one measure of language and poorer performance on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing levels of mercury exposure from birth to 7 months were associated with better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination and on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing mercury exposure from birth to 28 days was associated with poorer performance on one measure of speech articulation and better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination. Conclusions Our study does not support a causal association between early exposure to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines and immune globulins and deficits in neuropsychological functioning at the age of 7 to 10 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA USA. RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, MS A32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 36 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 38 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 13 BP 1281 EP 1292 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa071434 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 214BR UT WOS:000249711500004 PM 17898097 ER PT J AU Reingold, A Gershman, K Petit, S Arnold, K Harrison, L Lynfield, R Albanese, B Zansky, S Thomas, A Craig, A Schrag, SJ Zell, ER Lewis, P Patel, RM AF Reingold, A. Gershman, K. Petit, S. Arnold, K. Harrison, L. Lynfield, R. Albanese, B. Zansky, S. Thomas, A. Craig, A. Schrag, S. J. Zell, E. R. Lewis, P. Patel, R. M. TI Perinatal Group B Streptococcal disease after universal screening recommendations united states, 2003- 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 56, pg 701-705, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK-FACTORS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Reingold, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 12 BP 1390 EP 1392 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 213WV UT WOS:000249698900009 ER PT J AU Bauer, U Juster, H Hyland, A Engelen, M Weitzenkamp, D Repace, J Babb, S AF Bauer, U. Juster, H. Hyland, A. Engelen, M. Weitzenkamp, D. Repace, J. Babb, S. TI Reduced secondhand smoke exposure after implementation of a comprehensive statewide smoking ban - New York, June 26, 2003 June 30, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 705-708, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NONSMOKERS; WORKERS C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RTI Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Repace Associates, Bowie, MD USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bauer, U (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 12 BP 1392 EP 1394 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 213WV UT WOS:000249698900010 ER PT J AU Parise, ME Griffith, K Mali, S Lewis, L AF Parise, Monica E. Griffith, Kevin Mali, Sonja Lewis, Linda TI Malaria treatment in the United States - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Butte Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oroville, CA USA. RP Parise, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mep0@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 12 BP 1396 EP 1397 DI 10.1001/jama.298.12.1396-b PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 213WV UT WOS:000249698900013 ER PT J AU Beckstrom-Sternberg, SM Auerbach, RK Godbole, S Pearson, JV Beckstrom-Sternberg, JS Deng, ZM Munk, C Kubota, K Zhou, Y Bruce, D Noronha, J Scheuermann, RH Wang, AH Wei, XY Wang, JJ Hao, J Wagner, DM Brettin, TS Brown, N Gilna, P Keim, PS AF Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M. Auerbach, Raymond K. Godbole, Shubhada Pearson, John V. Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S. Deng, Zuoming Munk, Christine Kubota, Kristy Zhou, Yan Bruce, David Noronha, Jyothi Scheuermann, Richard H. Wang, Aihui Wei, Xianying Wang, Jianjun Hao, Jicheng Wagner, David M. Brettin, Thomas S. Brown, Nancy Gilna, Paul Keim, Paul S. TI Complete Genomic Characterization of a Pathogenic A.II Strain of Francisella tularensis Subspecies tularensis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, which is a highly lethal disease from nature and potentially from a biological weapon. This species contains four recognized subspecies including the North American endemic F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A), whose genetic diversity is correlated with its geographic distribution including a major population subdivision referred to as A.I and A.II. The biological significance of the A.I - A.II genetic differentiation is unknown, though there are suggestive ecological and epidemiological correlations. In order to understand the differentiation at the genomic level, we have determined the complete sequence of an A.II strain (WY96-3418) and compared it to the genome of Schu S4 from the A.I population. We find that this A.II genome is 1,898,476 bp in size with 1,820 genes, 1,303 of which code for proteins. While extensive genomic variation exists between "WY96'' and Schu S4, there is only one whole gene difference. This one gene difference is a hypothetical protein of unknown function. In contrast, there are numerous SNPs (3,367), small indels (1,015), IS element differences (7) and large chromosomal rearrangements (31), including both inversions and translocations. The rearrangement borders are frequently associated with IS elements, which would facilitate intragenomic recombination events. The pathogenicity island duplicated regions (DR1 and DR2) are essentially identical in WY96 but vary relative to Schu S4 at 60 nucleotide positions. Other potential virulence-associated genes (231) varied at 559 nucleotide positions, including 357 non-synonymous changes. Molecular clock estimates for the divergence time between A.I and A.II genomes for different chromosomal regions ranged from 866 to 2131 years before present. This paper is the first complete genomic characterization of a member of the A.II clade of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. C1 [Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.; Hao, Jicheng; Keim, Paul S.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.; Auerbach, Raymond K.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S.; Wagner, David M.; Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Godbole, Shubhada; Noronha, Jyothi; Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, BioHlth Base, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Pearson, John V.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Neurogenom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Deng, Zuoming; Wang, Aihui; Wei, Xianying; Wang, Jianjun] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, BioHealthBase, Rockville, MD USA. [Munk, Christine; Bruce, David; Brettin, Thomas S.; Brown, Nancy; Gilna, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Munk, Christine; Bruce, David; Brettin, Thomas S.; Brown, Nancy; Gilna, Paul] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kubota, Kristy; Zhou, Yan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Keim, PS (reprint author), Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; Pearson, John/F-2249-2011; OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Pearson, John/0000-0003-0904-4598; Scheuermann, Richard/0000-0003-1355-892X FU Cowden Endowment for Microbiology NAU; NIAID/NIH [HHSN266200400041C]; ADB [N01-AI-40041] FX PSK was supported by The Cowden Endowment for Microbiology NAU. SG, ZD, JN, RS, AW, XW, and JW were supported by NIAID/NIH Contract Number: HHSN266200400041C, ADB Contract Number: N01-AI-40041. Genome sequencing was funded by the Intelligence Technology Innovation Center. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 AR e947 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000947 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HT UT WOS:000207455800026 PM 17895988 ER PT J AU Davis, J Henry, SA Rowland, J Ripley, D Jacobson, G Brunkard, JM Carpenter, LR AF Davis, J. Henry, S. A. Rowland, J. Ripley, D. Jacobson, G. Brunkard, J. M. Carpenter, L. R. CA CDC TI Scombroid fish poisoning associated with tuna steaks - Louisiana and Tennessee, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 817-819, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HISTAMINE C1 Louisiana Off Publ Hth, New Orleans, LA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), Louisiana Off Publ Hth, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 11 BP 1269 EP 1270 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 211LA UT WOS:000249524100009 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, J Thomas, KE Wald, M Langlois, J AF Gilchrist, J. Thomas, K. E. Wald, M. Langlois, J. CA CDC TI Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities - United States, 2001-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 733-737, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gilchrist, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 11 BP 1271 EP 1272 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 211LA UT WOS:000249524100010 ER PT J AU Albano, JD Ward, E Jemal, A Anderson, R Cokkinides, VE Murray, T Henley, J Liff, J Thun, MJ AF Albano, Jessica D. Ward, Elizabeth Jemal, Ahmedin Anderson, Robert Cokkinides, Vilma E. Murray, Taylor Henley, Jane Liff, Jonathan Thun, Michael J. TI Cancer mortality in the united states by education level and race SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID AREA SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; DEATH CERTIFICATE; SOCIAL-CLASS; US ADULTS; ALL-CAUSE; INEQUALITIES; WOMEN; BLACK AB Background Although both race and socioeconomic status are well known to influence mortality patterns in the United States, few studies have examined the simultaneous influence of these factors on cancer incidence and mortality. We examined relationships among race, education level, and mortality from cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, colon and rectum, and all sites combined in contemporary US vital statistics. Methods Age-adjusted cancer death rates (with 95% confidence intervals (Cls]) were calculated for 137708 deaths among 119376196 individuals aged 25-64 years, using race and education information from death certificates and population denominator data from the US Bureau of the Census, for 47 states and Washington, DC, in 2001. Relative risk (FIR) estimates were used to compare cancer death rates in persons with 12 or fewer years of education with those in persons with more than 12 years of education. Results Educational attainment was strongly and inversely associated with mortality from all cancers combined in black and white men and in white women. The all-cancer death rates were nearly identical for black men and white men with 0-8 years of education (224.2 and 223.6 per 100000, respectively), The estimated relative risk for all-cancer mortality comparing the three lowest (<= 12 years) with the three highest (> 12 years) education categories was 2.38 (95% Cl = 2.33 to 2.43) for black men, 2.24 (95% Cl = 2.23 to 2.26) for white men, 1.43 (95% Cl = 1.41 to 1.46) for black women, and 1.76 (95% Cl = 1.75 to 1.78) for white women. For both men and women, the magnitude of the relative risks comparing the three lowest educational levels with the three highest within each race for all cancers combined and for lung and colorectal cancers was higher than the magnitude of the relative risks associated with race within each level of education, whereas for breast and prostate cancer the magnitude of the relative risks associated with race was higher than the magnitude of the relative risks associated with level of education within each racial group. Among the most important and novel findings were that black men who completed 12 or fewer years of education had a prostate cancer death rate that was more than double that of black men with more schooling (10.5 versus 4.8 per 100000 men; RR = 2.17, 95% Cl = 1.82 to 2.58) and that, in contrast with studies of mortality rates in earlier time periods, breast cancer mortality rates were higher among women with less education than among women with more education (37.0 and 31.1 per 100000, respectively, for black women and 25.2 versus 18.6 per 100000, respectively, for white women). Conclusion Cancer death rates vary considerably by level of education. Identifying groups at high risk of death from cancer by level of education as well as by race may be useful in targeting interventions and tracking cancer disparities. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ward, E (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM elizabeth.ward@wcancer.org RI Henley, Jane/A-4698-2010 NR 55 TC 188 Z9 191 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 BP 1384 EP 1394 DI 10.1093/inci/djm127 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 214EJ UT WOS:000249718500010 PM 17848670 ER PT J AU Wan, XF Chen, GR Luo, F Emch, M Donis, R AF Wan, Xiu-Feng Chen, Guorong Luo, Feng Emch, Michael Donis, Ruben TI A quantitative genotype algorithm reflecting H5N1 Avian influenza niches SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HONG-KONG SAR; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; A VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; ADAPTATION; EMERGENCE; WATERFOWL AB Motivation: Computational genotyping analyses are critical for characterizing molecular evolutionary footprints, thus providing important information for designing the strategies of influenza prevention and control. Most of the current methods that are available are based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, which are time consuming and limited by the number of taxa. Arbitrarily defining genotypes further complicates the interpretation of genotyping results. Methods: In this study, we describe a quantitative influenza genotyping algorithm based on the theory of quasispecies. First, the complete composition vector (CCV) was utilized to calculate the pairwise evolutionary distance between genotypes. Next, Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling using the Gibbs Sampling algorithm was applied to identify the segment genotype threshold, which is used to identify influenza segment genotype through a modularity calculation. The viral genotype was defined by combining eight segment genotypes based on the genetic reassortment feature of influenza A viruses. Results: We applied this method for H5N1 avian influenza viruses and identified 107 niches among 283 viruses with a complete genome set. The diversity of viral genotypes, and their correlation with geographic locations suggests that these viruses form local niches after being introduced to a new ecological environment through poultry trade or bird migration. This novel method allows us to define genotypes in a robust, quantitative as well as hierarchical manner. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Clemson Univ, Sch Comp, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccine Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wanhenry@yahoo.com; fvq7@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 18 BP 2368 EP 2375 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm354 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 215OK UT WOS:000249818700003 PM 17623701 ER PT J AU Vollmer-Conna, U Cameron, B Hadzi-Pavlovic, D Singletary, K Davenport, T Vernon, S Reeves, WC Hickie, I Wakefield, D Lloyd, AR AF Vollmer-Conna, Ute Cameron, Barbara Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan Singletary, Kristi Davenport, Tracey Vernon, Suzanne Reeves, William C. Hickie, Ian Wakefield, Denis Lloyd, Andrew R. CA Dubbo Infective Outcomes Study Grp TI Postinfective fatigue syndrome is not associated with altered cytokine production SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; HETEROGENEITY; BEHAVIOR; ILLNESS AB Peripheral blood specimens and clinical data were obtained over a 12-month period from subjects in the Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study to examine cytokine production in postinfective fatigue syndrome. Ex vivo production of 8 cytokines was examined in 22 case patients and in 42 control subjects who recovered promptly. No significant differences were found. Ongoing production of the cytokines examined does not play a role in postinfective fatigue syndrome. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sch Psychiat, Dept Human Behav Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Ctr Infect & Inflammat Res, Dept Human Behav Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Ctr Div Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vollmer-Conna, U (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sch Psychiat, Dept Human Behav Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM ute@unsw.edu.au FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU019851-01] NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 732 EP 735 DI 10.1086/520990 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 202DG UT WOS:000248881600013 PM 17712757 ER PT J AU Jordan, HT Richards, CL Burton, DC Thigpen, MC Van Beneden, CA AF Jordan, Hannah T. Richards, Chesley L., Jr. Burton, Deron C. Thigpen, Michael C. Van Beneden, Chris A. TI Group a streptococcal disease in long-term care facilities: Descriptive epidemiology and potential control measures SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; PREVENTION; PYOGENES; FEATURES; ONTARIO; BACTEREMIA; CANADA AB Group A streptococci (GAS) are an important cause of severe, life-threatening illness among the elderly population, particularly those individuals residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Outbreaks of GAS infection are potentially devastating in this vulnerable population and often require large-scale control efforts involving LTCF staff, public health officials, and infectious diseases practitioners. Although multiple outbreaks of GAS infection in LTCFs have been described in the medical literature, this topic has not been reviewed for 15 years, and there is a need for updated guidance on how to approach GAS infection outbreak control. We reviewed published documents on GAS infection in LTCFs to describe the current understanding of the disease's epidemiology in this setting, identify techniques for outbreak investigation and prevention, and expose areas where additional research is needed. We highlight well-accepted prevention and control strategies that can be employed during investigation and control of GAS infection outbreaks in LTCFs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workspace & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jordan, HT (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA USA. EM HJordan@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 742 EP 752 DI 10.1086/520992 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 202DG UT WOS:000248881600016 PM 17712760 ER PT J AU Zhong, WM Dixit, SB Mallis, RJ Arthanari, H Lugovskoy, AA Beveridge, DL Wagner, G Reinherz, EL AF Zhong, Weimin Dixit, Surjit B. Mallis, Robert J. Arthanari, Haribabu Lugovskoy, Alexey A. Beveridge, David L. Wagner, Gerhard Reinherz, Ellis L. TI CTL recognition of a protective immunodominant influenza a virus nucleoprotein epitope utilizes a highly restricted V beta but diverse V alpha repertoire: Functional and structural implications SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza A virus; alpha beta T cell receptors; immune recognition; molecular modeling; molecular dynamics ID CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SELECTION; PEPTIDE; ESCAPE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; MOLECULES; VARIANTS AB To investigate protective immunity conferred by CTL against viral pathogens, we have analyzed CD8(+) T cell responses to the immunodominant nucleoprotein epitope (NP366-374) of influenza A virus in 136 mice during primary and secondary infections in vivo. Unlike the highly biased TCRV beta repertoire, the associated V alpha repertoire specific for the NP366-374/D-b ligand is quite diverse. Nonetheless, certain public and conserved CDR3 alpha clonotypes with distinct molecular signatures were identified. Pairing of public V alpha and V beta domains creates an at TCR heterodimer that binds efficiently to the NP366-374/D-b ligand and stimulates T cell activation. In contrast, private TCRs, each comprising a distinct a chain paired with the same public [ chain, interact very differently. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the conformation and mobility of the shared V beta CDR loops are governed largely by the associated Va domains. These results provide insight into molecular principles regarding public versus private TCRs linked to immune surveillance after infection with influenza A virus. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Immunobiol Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Mol Biophys Program, Hall Atwater Labs, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Biogen Inc, Mol Modeling, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Zhong, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, Mailsop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wzhong@cdc.gov; ellis-reinherz@dfci.harvard.edu RI Mallis, Robert/A-2270-2015 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI57330, AI19807, AI37581] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 372 IS 2 BP 535 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.057 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 209EQ UT WOS:000249372200021 PM 17658550 ER PT J AU Garfein, RS Golub, ET Greenberg, AE Hagan, H Hanson, DL Hudson, SM Kapadia, F Latka, MH Ouellet, L Purcell, DW Strathdee, SA Thiede, H AF Garfein, Richard S. Golub, Elizabeth T. Greenberg, Alan E. Hagan, Holly Hanson, Debra L. Hudson, Sharon M. Kapadia, Farzana Latka, Mary H. Ouellet, Lawrence. Purcell, David W. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Thiede, Hanne CA DUIT Study Team TI A peer-education intervention to reduce injection risk behaviors for HIV and hepatitis C virus infection in young injection drug users SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; HIV; injection drug use; peer education; randomized controlled trial; young adult ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RETROSPECTIVE COHORT; SEROCONVERSION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; PROGRAM; DETERMINANTS; EQUIPMENT; MODELS AB Objectives: To evaluate whether a behavioral intervention, which taught peer education skills, could reduce injection and sexual risk behaviors associated with primary HIV and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) among young injection drug users (IDU). Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving HIV and HCV antibody-negative IDU, aged 15-30 years, recruited in five United States cities. A six-session, small-group, cognitive behavioral, skills-building intervention in which participants were taught peer education skills (n = 431) was compared with a time-equivalent attention control (n = 423). Baseline visits included interviews for sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors during the previous 3 months; HIV and HCV antibody testing; and pre/posttest counselling. Procedures were repeated 3 and 6 months postintervention. Results: The intervention produced a 29% greater decline in overall injection risk 6 months postintervention relative to the control [proportional odds ratio 0.71; 95% confidence limit (CL) 0.52, 0.971, and a 76% decrease compared with baseline. Decreases were also observed for sexual risk behaviors, but they did not differ by trial arm. Overall HCV infection incidence (18.4/100 person-years) did not differ significantly across trial arms (relative risk 1.15; 95% CL 0.72, 1.82). No HIV seroconversions were observed. Conclusion: Interventions providing information, enhancing risk-reduction skills, and motivating behavior change through peer education training can reduce injection risk behaviors, although risk elimination might be necessary to prevent HCV transmission. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Res & Dev Inst, New York, NY USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Garfein, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0622, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM rgarfein@ucsd.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU217659, U64/CCU017615, U64/CCU317662, U64/CCU517656, U64/CCU917655] NR 56 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 14 BP 1923 EP 1932 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32823f9066 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 213DA UT WOS:000249645000012 PM 17721100 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL AF Armstrong, Gregory L. TI Prisoners (should) count - In reply SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GArmstrong@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 16 BP 1807 EP 1808 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.16.1807-c PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 208TV UT WOS:000249343000018 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Curtis, KM Glasier, A Hagenfeldt, K AF Peterson, Herbert B. Curtis, Kathryn M. Glasier, Anna Hagenfeldt, Kerstin TI Use of evidence in WHO recommendations SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID GUIDANCE C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Family Planning & Well Woman Serv, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Karolinska Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 8 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9590 BP 825 EP 825 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61406-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 214JH UT WOS:000249733300020 PM 17826162 ER PT J AU Lembo, T Haydon, DT Velasco-Villa, A Rupprecht, CE Packer, C Brandao, PE Kuzmin, IV Fooks, AR Barrat, J Cleaveland, S AF Lembo, T. Haydon, D. T. Velasco-Villa, A. Rupprecht, C. E. Packer, C. Brandao, P. E. Kuzmin, I. V. Fooks, A. R. Barrat, J. Cleaveland, S. TI Molecular epidemiology identifies only a single rabies virus variant circulating in complex carnivore communities of the Serengeti SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE rabies; evolution; statistical parsimony; Serengeti ID DOGS CANIS-FAMILIARIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; FOX RABIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DOMESTIC DOGS; ZIMBABWE; SUBSTITUTION; DISEASE; MODELS; EVOLUTION AB Understanding the transmission dynamics of generalist pathogens that infect multiple host species is essential for their effective control. Only by identifying those host populations that are critical to the permanent maintenance of the pathogen, as opposed to populations in which outbreaks are the result of 'spillover' infections, can control measures be appropriately directed. Rabies virus is capable of infecting a wide range of host species, but in many ecosystems, particular variants circulate among only a limited range of potential host populations. The Serengeti ecosystem (in northwestern Tanzania) supports a complex community of wild carnivores that are threatened by generalist pathogens that also circulate in domestic dog populations surrounding the park boundaries. While the combined assemblage of host species appears capable of permanently maintaining rabies in the ecosystem, little is known about the patterns of circulation within and between these host populations. Here we use molecular phylogenetics to test whether distinct virus-host associations occur in this species-rich carnivore community. Our analysis identifies a single major variant belonging to the group of southern Africa canid-associated viruses (Africa 1b) to be circulating within this ecosystem, and no evidence for species-specific grouping. A statistical parsimony analysis of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequence data is consistent with both within- and between-species transmission events. While likely differential sampling effort between host species precludes a definitive inference, the results are most consistent with dogs comprising the reservoir of rabies and emphasize the importance of applying control efforts in dog populations. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Ctr Trop Vet Med,Wildlife & Emerging Dis Sect, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. WHO, Collaborat Ctr Characterisat Rabies & Rabies Rela, Vet Lab Agcy, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. Agence Francais Securite Sanitaire Aliments, Lab Etud Rech Rage & Pathol Anim Sauvages, F-54220 Malzeville, France. RP Lembo, T (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Ctr Trop Vet Med,Wildlife & Emerging Dis Sect, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM t.lembo@sms.ed.ac.uk RI Brandao, Paulo/F-8155-2012; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Fooks, Anthony/F-5418-2010; OI Haydon, Daniel/0000-0002-1240-1886 FU Wellcome Trust NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1622 BP 2123 EP 2130 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0664 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 201CR UT WOS:000248809600008 PM 17609187 ER PT J AU Plowe, CV Roper, C Barnwell, JW Happi, CT Joshi, HH Mbacham, W Meshnick, SR Mugittu, K Naidoo, I Price, RN Shafer, RW Sibley, CH Sutherland, CJ Zimmerman, PA Rosenthal, PJ AF Plowe, Christopher V. Roper, Cally Barnwell, John W. Happi, Christian T. Joshi, Hema H. Mbacham, Wilfred Meshnick, Steven R. Mugittu, Kefas Naidoo, Inbarani Price, Ric N. Shafer, Robert W. Sibley, Carol H. Sutherland, Colin J. Zimmerman, Peter A. Rosenthal, Philip J. TI World antimalarial resistance network (WARN) III: Molecular markers for drug resistant malaria SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE GENE; IN-VIVO RESISTANCE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANCE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; PFMDR1 GENE; BURKINA-FASO AB Molecular markers for drug resistant malaria represent public health tools of great but mostly unrealized potential value. A key reason for the failure of molecular resistance markers to live up to their potential is that data on the their prevalence is scattered in disparate databases with no linkage to the clinical, in vitro and pharmacokinetic data that are needed to relate the genetic data to relevant phenotypes. The ongoing replacement of older monotherapies for malaria by new, more effective combination therapies presents an opportunity to create an open access database that brings together standardized data on molecular markers of drug resistant malaria from around the world. This paper presents a rationale for creating a global database of molecular markers for drug resistant malaria and for linking it to similar databases containing results from clinical trials of drug efficacy, in vitro studies of drug susceptibility, and pharmacokinetic studies of antimalarial drugs, in a World Antimalarial Resistance Network (WARN). This database will be a global resource, guiding the selection of first line drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria, for preventing malaria in travelers and for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnant women, infants and other vulnerable groups. Perhaps most important, a global database for molecular markers of drug resistant malaria will accelerate the identification and validation of markers for resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies and, thereby, potentially prolong the useful therapeutic lives of these important new drugs. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Immunol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Malaria Res, Delhi 110054, India. Univ Yaounde 1, Ctr Biotechnol, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. MRC, Malaria Res Programme, ZA-4067 Overport, South Africa. Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Int Hlth Programme, Darwin, NT, Australia. Stanford Univ, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu; Cally.Roper@lshtm.ac.uk; wzb3@cdc.gov; chappi@hsph.harvard.edu; joshih@icmr.org.in; wfmbacham@yahoo.com; meshnick@unc.edu; kmugittu@ihrdc.or.tz; inaidoo@mrc.ac.za; ricprice@doctors.org.uk; rshafer@stanford.edu; sibley@u.washington.edu; colin.sutherland@lshtm.ac.uk; paz@case.edu; prosenthal@medsfgh.ucsf.edu RI Roper, Cally/K-2989-2013; OI Roper, Cally/0000-0002-6545-309X; Mbacham, Wilfred/0000-0002-3934-3233; Price, Richard/0000-0003-2000-2874 NR 67 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 6 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 121 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-6-121 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 224RH UT WOS:000250463600003 PM 17822535 ER PT J AU Miranda, A Morgan, M Jamal, L Laserson, K Barreira, D Silva, G Santos, J Wells, C Paine, P Garrett, D AF Miranda, Abraham Morgan, Meade Jamal, Leda Laserson, Kayla Barreira, Draurio Silva, Guida Santos, Joseney Wells, Charles Paine, Patricia Garrett, Denise TI Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Incidence of Tuberculosis: The Brazilian Experience, 1995-2001 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fuels tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. In controlled clinical trials, antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces TB incidence in HIV-infected patients. In this study we determine if, under programmatic conditions, Brazil's policy of universal ART access has impacted TB incidence among HIV-infected patients. Methods. We abstracted clinical information from records of HIV-infected patients managed in the public sector in 11 Brazilian states between 1/1/1995 and 12/31/2001. Case ascertainment (TB and HIV) utilized guidelines (with added stringency) published by Brazil's Ministry of Health. We determined TB incidence and hazards ratio (HR) for ART-naive and ART-treated [including highly active ART (HAART)] patients employing Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results. Information from 463 HIV-infected patients met study criteria. The median age of the study population was 34 years, 70% were male, and mean follow-up to primary endpoints-TB, death, and last clinic visit-was 330, 1059, and 1125 days, respectively. Of the 463 patients, 76 (16%) remained ART-naive. Of the patients who never received HAART (n = 157) 81 were treated with ART non-HAART. Of the patients who received any ART (n = 387), 306 were treated with HAART (includes those patients who later switched from ART non-HAART to HAART). Tuberculosis developed in 39/463 (8%) patients. Compared to HAART- and ART non-HAART-treated patient groups, TB incidence was 10- (p<0.001) and 2.5-fold (p = 0.03) higher in ART-naive patients, respectively. The median baseline absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count for patients who developed TB was not significantly different from that of patients who remained TB free. In multivariate analysis, the incidence of TB was statistically significantly lower in HAART- treated [HR 0.2; 95% (CI 0.1, 0.6); p<0.01] compared to ART naive patients. A baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm(3) [HR 2.5; (95% CI 1.2, 5.4); p<0.01], prior hospitalization [HR 4.2; (95% CI 2.0, 8.8); p<0.001], prior incarceration [HR 4.1; 95% CI 1.6, 10.3); p<0.01], and a positive tuberculin skin test [HR 3.1; (95% CI 1.1, 9.0); p = 0.04] were independently and positively associated with incident TB. Conclusion. In this population-based study we demonstrate an 80% reduction in incident TB, under programmatic conditions, in HAART- treated HIV-infected patients compared to ART-naive patients. C1 [Miranda, Abraham; Morgan, Meade; Laserson, Kayla] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miranda, Abraham; Wells, Charles] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jamal, Leda] State Sao Paulo Dept Hlth, Ctr Referencia & Treinamento DST AIDS, STD AIDS Program State Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Laserson, Kayla] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Global Hlth Coordinator, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barreira, Draurio] Brazil Minist Hlth, Programa Nacl DST AIDS, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Silva, Guida; Santos, Joseney; Paine, Patricia; Garrett, Denise] Brazil Minist Hlth, Programa Nacl Controle TB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Garrett, Denise] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. RP Miranda, A (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EM aci5@cdc.gov; garrettdo@yahoo.com FU The US Agency for International Development (USAID) FX The US Agency for International Development (USAID) provided financial support for this project but had no role in the design or conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 AR e826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000826 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HQ UT WOS:000207455500010 PM 17786198 ER PT J AU Whistler, T Rollin, D Vernon, SD AF Whistler, Toni Rollin, Dominique Vernon, Suzanne D. TI A method for improving SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry data quality SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED LASER-DESORPTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; IONIZATION-TIME; MS; CANCER; SERUM; OPTIMIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; SPECTRA AB Background: Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a powerful tool for rapidly generating high-throughput protein profiles from a large number of samples. However, the events that occur between the first and last sample run are likely to introduce technical variation in the results. Methods: We fractionated and analyzed quality control and investigational serum samples on 3 Protein Chips and used statistical methods to identify poor-quality spectra and to identify and reduce technical variation. Results: Using diagnostic plots, we were able to visually depict all spectra and to identify and remove those that were of poor quality. We detected a technical variation associated with when the samples were run ( referred to as batch effect) and corrected for this variation using analysis of variance. These corrections increased the number of peaks that were reproducibly detected. Conclusion: By removing poor-quality, outlier spectra, we were able to increase peak detection, and by reducing the variance introduced when samples are processed and analyzed in batches, we were able to increase the reproducibility of peak detection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Whistler, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, 1600 clifton Rd,G41, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM taw6@cdc.gov; ddr2@cdc.gov; sdv2@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 5 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-5-14 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 225PG UT WOS:000250529200001 PM 17803814 ER PT J AU Kshirsagar, N Mur, N Thatte, U Gogtay, N Viviani, S Preziosi, MP Elie, C Findlow, H Carlone, G Borrow, R Parulekar, V Plikaytis, B Kulkarni, P Imbault, N LaForce, FM AF Kshirsagar, Nilima Mur, Naidu Thatte, Urmila Gogtay, Nithya Viviani, Simonetta Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Elie, Cheryl Findlow, Helen Carlone, George Borrow, Ray Parulekar, Varsha Plikaytis, Brian Kulkarni, Prasad Imbault, Nathalie LaForce, F. Marc TI Safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence of a new meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine in healthy Indian adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE meningococcal group A; conjugate vaccine; clinical studies; phase I; meningitis epidemics ID MENINGITIS; PROTECTION; AFRICA; STRATEGIES; COUNTRIES; EFFICACY; AGE AB We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled phase I study to assess safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence of the new meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) in healthy volunteers aged 18-35 years. Of the 74 male subjects enrolled, 24 received the PsA-TT vaccine (Group 1), 25 received the Meningoccoccal Polysaccharide Vaccine A+C(TM) Pasteur, Lyon, France (Group 2), and 25 received the Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Adsorbed(TM), SIIL, Pune India (Group 3). No immediate reactions were observed. Local and systemic solicited reactions within 7 days post-vaccination and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were mild and similar among the three groups and resolved without sequelae. No serious AEs were notified up to I year post-vaccination. Four weeks post-vaccination, a slightly higher proportion of Group I subjects had a four-fold increase in SBA titers compared to Group 2 subjects (83% versus 72%, p > 0.05). SBA GMTs in Groups 2 and 3 were higher than in Group 3 (p < 0.05). Serogroup A-specific IgG GMCs were significantly higher in Group I than in Groups 2 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.05). After I year SBA titers were significantly higher in Group I than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The new PsA-TT vaccine was shown to be safe. immunogenic, and able to elicit persistent functional antibody titers in adults. This opens the prospective for further development and licensure of this vaccine to eliminate epidemic meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 KEM Hosp Parel, Seth GS Med Coll, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Nizams Inst Med Sci, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India. Topiwala Natl Med Coll & BYI, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Meningitis Vaccine Project, F-01210 Ferney Voltaire, France. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Protect Agcy NW, Manchester Lab, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Manchester, Lancs, England. Gate Clin Res Int, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Viviani, S (reprint author), KEM Hosp Parel, Seth GS Med Coll, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. EM sviviani@path.org NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2007 VL 25 SU 1 BP A101 EP A107 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.050 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 211KE UT WOS:000249521900020 PM 17532101 ER PT J AU Soriano-Gabarro, M Toe, L Tiendrebeogo, SRM Nelson, CB Dabal, M Djingarey, MH Plikaytis, B Rosenstein, N AF Soriano-Gabarro, Montse Toe, Laurent Tiendrebeogo, Sylvestre R. M. Nelson, Christopher B. Dabal, Moumouni Djingarey, Mamoudou H. Plikaytis, Brian Rosenstein, Nancy CA WHO Trivalent Vaccine Impact Ass TI Effectiveness of a trivalent serogroup A/CIW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Burkina Faso, 2003 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE N. meningitidis; vaccine; effectiveness ID DISEASE; EFFICACY; AFRICA; AGE AB Following a large Neisseria meningitidis W 135 (NmW135) epidemic in Burkina Faso (BF) during 2002, a newly licensed trivalent A/C/W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was introduced in 2003. We conducted a case-control study to assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against meningococcal disease. Thirty-two N. meningitidis A (NmA) and 3 NmW135 meningitis cases were enrolled and matched by age-neighborhood to 103 controls. After adjusting for confounding risk factors, VE against NmA or NmW135 was 83.6% (95% CI 31.8-97.0, p =0.01) for persons with verified vaccination. VE against probable/definite NmA alone was 94.0% (95% CI 58.7-99.0, p=0.0003). Low number of NmW135 cases did not allow estimation of VE against NmW 135 alone. The vaccine was highly effective against the epidemic. Since 2003, the trivalent vaccine continues to be effectively used in Africa for the control of meningococcal disease epidemics. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso Minist Hlth, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Merck & Co Inc, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Soriano-Gabarro, M (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rue Inst 89, Rixensart, Belgium. EM montse.soriano@gskbio.com NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2007 VL 25 SU 1 BP A92 EP A96 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.048 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 211KE UT WOS:000249521900018 PM 17517451 ER PT J AU Coffin, PO Latka, MH Latkin, C Wu, Y Purcell, DW Metsch, L Gomez, C Gourevitch, MN AF Coffin, Phillip O. Latka, Mary H. Latkin, Carl Wu, Yingfeng Purcell, David W. Metsch, Lisa Gomez, Cynthia Gourevitch, Marc N. CA INSPIRE Study Grp TI Safe syringe disposal is related to safe syringe access among HIV-positive injection drug users SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE injection drug user; HIV; Hepatitis C; syringe exchange; syringe disposal ID NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAM; NEW-YORK-CITY; DISCARDED NEEDLES; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; RISK; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; SEX AB We evaluated the effect of syringe acquisition on syringe disposal among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, New York City, and San Francisco (N = 680; mean age 42 years, 62% male, 59% African-American, 21% Hispanic, 12% White). Independent predictors of safe disposal were acquiring syringes through a safe source and ever visiting a syringe exchange program. Weaker predictors included living in San Francisco, living in the area longer, less frequent binge drinking, injecting with an HIV+ partner, peer norms supporting safe injection, and self-empowerment. Independent predictors of safe "handling"-both acquiring and disposing of syringes safely-also included being from New York and being older. HIV-positive IDUs who obtain syringes from a safe source are more likely to safely dispose; peer norms contribute to both acquisition and disposal. Interventions to improve disposal should include expanding sites of safe syringe acquisition while enhancing disposal messages, alternatives, and convenience. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Comprehens Drug Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NYU, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Coffin, PO (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM poc2@columbia.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Coffin, Phillip/0000-0002-3891-6570; Gourevitch, Marc/0000-0001-6865-2126 FU PHS HHS [U50CCU317999] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9171-x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 203XT UT WOS:000249008000002 PM 17053854 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Flores, SA O'Leary, A Bimbi, DS Gomez, CA AF Wolitski, Richard J. Flores, Stephen A. O'Leary, Ann Bimbi, David S. Gomez, Cynthia A. TI Beliefs about personal and partner responsibility among HIV-Seropositive men who have sex with men: Measurement and association with transmission risk behavior SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE responsibility; attributions; HIV prevention; homosexuality; male; HIV seropositivity; sex behavior ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; GAY MEN; MORAL DISENGAGEMENT; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; POSITIVE MEN; PREVENTION; SEROSTATUS; PEOPLE; AGENCY; INTERVENTIONS AB Beliefs of people living with HIV about their own responsibility for preventing HIV transmission (personal responsibility) and their sex partners' responsibility for protecting themselves (partner responsibility) are poorly understood. A sample of 1163 HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM; 55% men of color) completed an A-CASI assessment of sexual behavior and psychosocial measures. A two-dimensional model that represents four orientations toward responsibility was tested: (1) self-high personal and low partner responsibility, (2) other-low personal and high partner responsibility, (3) shared-high personal and high partner responsibility, and (4) diminished-low personal and low partner responsibility. As predicted, the self-responsibility group demonstrated the lowest risk of HIV transmission; the other responsibility group had the highest risk. Intermediate risk was observed in the shared and diminished responsibility groups. Implications for future research and HIV prevention efforts are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton RD NE E 37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU PHS HHS [UR3/CCU916470, UR3/CCU216471] NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9183-6 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 203XT UT WOS:000249008000004 PM 17103125 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Fisher, HH Purcell, DW Spikes, PS Gomez, CA AF O'Leary, Ann Fisher, Holly H. Purcell, David W. Spikes, Pilgrim S. Gomez, Cynthia A. TI Correlates of risk patterns and Race/Ethnicity among HIV-Positive men who have sex with men SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sexual risk behavior; African American; Latino; bisexual men; MSM ID UNITED-STATES; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BLACK-MEN; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; SENSATION SEEKING; BISEXUAL BEHAVIOR; ACTIVE MEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION AB Behaviors related to HIV infection vary by race, with African American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) more likely to report sex with women than are European-American MSM. The epidemic among African Americans, in particular, is growing rapidly among both men and women. Some have hypothesized that bisexually active men may be contributing to the epidemic among women. However, little is known about risk patterns among men of different races who are already infected. In this study of 456 HIV-seropositive MSM we found that, like HIV-negative MSM, African American MSM who are HIV-positive were less likely than European American men to identify as gay, more likely to report sex with women, and less comfortable discussing their MSM behavior with close friends and acquaintances. African American participants also exhibited higher levels of internalized homophobia, as well as lower self-efficacy for disclosing their HIV status to sex partners. Implications for interventions for this population are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU913557] NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9205-4 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 203XT UT WOS:000249008000007 PM 17295071 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Johnson, CL Jain, RB Yetley, EA Picciano, MF Rader, JI Fisher, KD Mulinare, J Osterloh, JD AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Johnson, Clifford L. Jain, Ram B. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Picciano, Mary Frances Rader, Jeanne I. Fisher, Kenneth D. Mulinare, Joseph Osterloh, John D. TI Trends in blood folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations in the United States, 1988-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrition survey; age; sex; race; ethnic groups; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; fortification; neural tube defects ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIETARY-FOLATE; SERUM FOLATE; B-VITAMINS AB Background: Monitoring the folate status of US population groups over time has been a public health priority for the past 2 decades, and the focus has been enhanced since the implementation of a folic acid fortification program in the mid-1990s. Objective: We aimed to determine how population concentrations of serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate and serum vitamin B-12 have changed over the past 2 decades. Design: Measurement of blood indicators of folate and vitamin B-12 status was conducted in approximate to 23 000 participants in the prefortification third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111; 1988-1994) and in approximate to 8000 participants in 3 postfortification NHANES periods (together covering 1999-2004). Results: Serum and RBC folate concentrations increased substantially (by 119-161 % and 44-64%, respectively) in each age group in the first postfortification survey period and then declined slightly (by 5-13% and 6-9%, respectively) in most age groups between the first and third postfortification survey periods. Serum vitamin 13-12 concentrations did not change appreciably. Prevalence estimates of low serum and RBC folate concentrations declined in women of childbearing age from before to after fortification (from 21 % to < 1 % and from 38% to 5%, respectively) but remained unchanged thereafter. Prevalence estimates of high serum folate concentrations increased in children and older persons from before to after fortification (from 5% to 42% and from 7% to 38%, respectively) but decreased later after fortification. Conclusions: The decrease in folate concentrations observed longer after fortification is small compared with the increase soon after the introduction of fortification. The decrease is not at the low end of concentrations and therefore does not raise concerns about inadequate status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS F55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cpfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 718 EP 727 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 210WC UT WOS:000249485300027 PM 17823438 ER PT J AU Saydah, S Graubard, B Ballard-Barbash, R Berrigan, D AF Saydah, Sharon Graubard, Barry Ballard-Barbash, Rachel Berrigan, David TI Insulin-like growth factors and subsequent risk of mortality in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart diseases; insulin-like growth factor 1; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; mortality; neoplasms; nutrition surveys ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; TOTAL IGF-I; SERUM-LEVELS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CALORIE RESTRICTION; ELDERLY POPULATION; RANCHO-BERNARDO; IGFBP-1 LEVELS AB Although numerous studies have explored the relation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein (BP) 3 with cancer and cardiovascular disease, only two previous studies are known to have looked at the association of IGF-I and IGF-BP3 with risk of mortality. The objective of this US study was to examine the risk of all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality associated with IGF-I and IGF-BP3 levels using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) and NHANES III Mortality Study (n = 6,061) (1988-2000). The authors constructed proportional hazards models with age as the time scale to determine the association of baseline IGF-I and IGF-BP3 levels with subsequent mortality. After adjustment for baseline measures, there was no increased risk of all-cause, heart disease, or cancer mortality for the lower quartiles of IGF-I compared with the highest quartile. The adjusted relative hazard of all-cause mortality for the lowest quartile of IGFBP3 compared with the highest quartile was 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 2.52), and the trend for risk was significant (p = 0.0364), but there was no increased risk of heart disease or cancer mortality. Results suggest that the association of IGF-I and IGF-BP3 with mortality may differ from associations with incidence of disease. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Saydah, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sharon@saydah.com NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 5 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm124 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203YT UT WOS:000249010700005 PM 17602136 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Strine, TW Okoro, CA Ahluwalia, IB Ford, ES AF McGuire, Lisa C. Strine, Tara W. Okoro, Catherine A. Ahluwalia, Indu B. Ford, Earl S. TI Modifiable characteristics of a healthy lifestyle in US older adults with or without frequent mental distress: 2003 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE aging; health behaviors; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; frequent mental distress ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; REPRODUCTIVE-AGE; HEART-DISEASE; WOMEN; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; EXERCISE; ANXIETY; STATE; MOOD AB Objective: To examine the associations between frequent mental distress ( FMD; 14 or more mentally unhealthy days during the previous 30 days), health behaviors, body weight, and use of preventive services among adults >= 65 years using the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( BRFSS). Methods: Participants ( N = 52,600) were asked how many days during the past 30 days that their mental health was not good. Having a healthy weight ( body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), not smoking, consuming <= 1 alcoholic beverage per day, consuming of at least five fruits or vegetables daily, participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the average week, receiving an annual influenza immunization, and ever receiving a pneumococcal immunization were examined in addition to combinations of these behaviors. Results: People with FMD were less likely than those without FMD to be nonsmokers ( adjusted odds ratio [ AOR] = 0.67, confidence interval [ CI] = 0.53-0.85), to consume at least five fruits or vegetables daily ( AOR = 0.80, CI = 0.70-0.91), and to participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the average week ( AOR = 0.82, CI = 0.68-0.99). However, there was no difference between those with and without FMD in the consumption of <= 1 alcoholic beverage per day, having a healthy weight, receiving an annual influenza immunization, and ever receiving a pneumococcal immunization. Conclusions: Older adults with FMD are less likely to engage in many health behaviors and to use preventive services than those without FMD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K 45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lmcguire@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-7481 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 9 BP 754 EP 761 DI 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3180986125 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 207WO UT WOS:000249282000004 PM 17804829 ER PT J AU Gazmararian, JA Coleman, M Prill, M Hinman, AR Ribner, BS Washington, ML Janssen, A Orenstein, WA AF Gazmararian, Julie A. Coleman, Margaret Prill, Mila Hinman, Alan R. Ribner, Bruce S. Washington, Michael L. Janssen, Alan Orenstein, Walter A. TI Influenza vaccination of health care workers: Policies and practices of hospitals in a community setting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB Background: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has long recommended that health care workers receive annual influenza vaccinations to prevent transmission of disease to vulnerable patients, but HCW vaccination rates remain low, and there is little information about hospital policies promoting employee vaccination. Methods: Our objective was to collect information about and compare hospital influenza vaccination policies and practices regarding health care workers in the metropolitan Atlanta community and identify relationships between policies and practices and employee coverage rates. Senior staff of infection control and of employee health programs at 12 hospitals in the metropolitan Atlanta community completed an in-person interview using a structured guide. Results: All study hospitals provided vaccine free of charge to employees in on-site clinics. Seven of the 9 hospitals clustered between 34% and 47% of their employees vaccinated, with an average of 41%. The hospitals that included flexibility and better accessibility such as providing vaccination carts and adding more hours of vaccine availability, had somewhat higher hospital employee vaccination rates. Personal contact in the form of educational presentations appears to have more influence on employee decisions than distributing printed educational materials. Conclusion: Hospitals in the Atlanta community had several similar policies and practices to improve immunization coverage of their staff. Human interactions with employees as well as ease of vaccine access may be more successful at increasing coverage rates than mass approaches such as posters or flyers. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gazmararian, JA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jagazma@sph.emory.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.02.010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 210GN UT WOS:000249444800002 PM 17765555 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Kim, SY Lau, J Schmid, CH Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Curtis, KM AF Chu, Susan Y. Kim, Shin Y. Lau, Joseph Schmid, Christopher H. Dietz, Patricia M. Callaghan, William M. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Maternal obesity and risk of stillbirth: a metaanalysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fetal death; maternal obesity; metaanalysis; stillbirth ID MORBID-OBESITY; FETAL DEATHS; PREGNANCY; ANTEPARTUM; WEIGHT; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We conducted this metaanalysis to summarize the available epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of stillbirth. We identified studies from 3 sources: ( 1) a PubMed search of relevant articles that were published between January 1980 and September 2005, ( 2) reference lists of publications that were selected from the PubMed search, and ( 3) reference lists of review articles on obesity and maternal outcomes that were published between 2000 and 2005. We used a Bayesian random effects model to perform the metaanalysis and metaregression. Nine studies were included in the metaanalysis. The unadjusted odds ratios of a stillbirth were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.08-1.94) and 2.07 ( 95% CI, 1.59-2.74) among overweight and obese pregnant women, respectively, compared with normal-weight pregnant women. The metaregression analysis found no evidence that these estimates were affected by selected study characteristics. Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, although the mechanisms to explain this association are not clear. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 27 TC 189 Z9 200 U1 2 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.027 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 211NU UT WOS:000249531300002 PM 17826400 ER PT J AU Bolu, O Anand, A Swartzendruber, A Hladik, W Lawrence, H Sheikh, AA Woldu, A Ismail, S Mahomva, A Greby, S Sabin, K AF Bolu, Omotayo Anand, Abhijeet Swartzendruber, Andrea Hladik, Wolfgang Lawrence, H. Sheikh, Abdullahi Ahmed Woldu, Aseged Ismail, Shabbir Mahomva, Agnes Greby, Stacie Sabin, Keith TI Utility of antenatal HIV surveillance data to evaluate prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in resource-limited settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antenatal clinics; Ethiopia; human immunodeficiency virus; Kenya; prevention of mother to child human immunodeficiency virus transmission surveillance data; Zimbabwe ID PREVALENCE; AFRICA; UGANDA AB Prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT) programs are expanding in resource-limited countries and are increasingly implemented in antenatal clinics (ANC) in which HIV sentinel surveillance is conducted. ANC sentinel surveillance data can be used to evaluate the first visit of a pregnant woman to PMTCT programs. We analyzed data from Kenya and Ethiopia, where information on PMTCT test acceptance was collected on the 2005 ANC sentinel surveillance forms. For Zimbabwe, we compared the 2005 ANC sentinel surveillance data to the PMTCT program data. ANC surveillance data allowed us to calculate the number of HIV-positive women not participating in the PMTCT program. The percentage of HIV-positive women missed by the PMTCT program was 17% in Kenya, 57% Ethiopia, and 59% Zimbabwe. The HIV prevalence among women participating in PMTCT differed from women who did not. ANC sentinel surveillance can be used to evaluate and improve the first encounter in PMTCT programs. Countries should collect PMTCT-related program data through ANC surveillance to strengthen the PMTCT program. C1 Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Natl AIDS STD Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Fed Minist Hlth, Natl HIV AIDS Prevent & Control Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Elizabeth Glazer Pediat AIDS Fdn, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Bolu, O (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA USA. EM obolu@cdc.gov OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S17 EP S25 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.082 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700004 PM 17825646 ER PT J AU Bolu, OO Allread, V Creek, T Stringer, E Forna, F Bulterys, M Shaffer, N AF Bolu, Omotayo O. Allread, Virginia Creek, Tracy Stringer, Elizabeth Forna, Fatu Bulterys, Marc Shaffer, Nathan TI Approaches for scaling up human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling in prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission settings in resource-limited countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE counseling; human immunodeficiency virus; mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission; testing ID HIV TRANSMISSION; RAPID HIV; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; WEST-AFRICA; ACCEPTABILITY; PROGRAM; LABOR; INTERVENTIONS AB Prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT) programs have nearly eliminated mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developed countries, but progress in resource-limited countries has been slow. A key factor limiting the scale-up of PMTCT programs is lack of knowledge of HIV serostatus. Increasing the availability and acceptability of HIV testing and counseling services will encourage more women to learn their status, providing a gateway to PMTCT interventions. Key factors contributing to the scale-up of testing and counseling include a policy of provider-initiated testing and counseling with right to refuse (opt-out); group pretest counseling; rapid HIV testing; innovative staffing strategies; and community and male involvement. Integration of testing and counseling within the community and all maternal and child health settings are critical for scaling-up and for linking women and their families to care and treatment services. This paper will review best practices needed for expansion of testing and counseling in PMTCT settings in resource-limited countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Francois Xavier Bagnoud Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Bolu, OO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM obolu@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S83 EP S89 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.006 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700011 PM 17825654 ER PT J AU Creek, TL Sherman, GG Nkengasong, J Lu, L Finkbeiner, T Fowler, MG Rivadeneira, E Shaffer, N AF Creek, Tracy L. Sherman, Gayle G. Nkengasong, John Lu, Lydia Finkbeiner, Thomas Fowler, Mary Glenn Rivadeneira, Emilia Shaffer, Nathan TI Infant human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis in resource-limited settings: issues, technologies, and country experiences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infant human immunodeficiency virus testing and diagnosis; mother-to-child transmission; pediatric antiretroviral treatment; polymerase chain reaction; rapid human immunodeficiency virus tests ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HIV TRANSMISSION; BLOOD SPOTS; DRIED BLOOD; INFECTION; TYPE-1; DNA; MORTALITY; ASSAY AB Diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants is difficult because maternal HIV antibodies cross the placenta, causing positive serologic tests in HIV-exposed infants for the first several months of life. Early definitive diagnosis of HIV requires virologic testing such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is the diagnostic standard in resource-rich settings but has been too complex and expensive for widespread use in most countries with high HIV prevalence. Early PCR testing can help HIV-infected infants access treatment, provide psychosocial benefits for families of uninfected infants, and help programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV monitor their effectiveness. HIV testing, including PCR, is increasingly available for infants in resource-limited settings, but there are many barriers and complex policy decisions that need to be addressed before universal early testing can become standard. This paper reviews challenges and progress in the field and suggests ways to facilitate early infant testing in resource-limited settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Johannesburg Hosp, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Makerere Univ, Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. RP Creek, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcreek@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S64 EP S71 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.002 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700009 PM 17825652 ER PT J AU Dao, H Mofenson, LM Ekpini, R Gilks, CF Barnhart, M Bolu, O Shaffer, N AF Dao, Halima Mofenson, Lynne M. Ekpini, Rene Gilks, Charles F. Barnhart, Matthew Bolu, Omotayo Shaffer, Nathan TI International recommendations on antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-infected women and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-limited settings: 2006 update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; HIV; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RESISTANT HIV-1; BREAST-MILK; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE AB The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt more effective antiretroviral regimens to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission programs. The 2006 guidelines recommend a tiered approach for the delivery of antiretroviral to pregnant women who are infected with HIV and include triple-drug antiretroviral treatment for those women who are eligible. Those women who are not eligible for antiretroviral treatment should receive a combination prophylaxis antiretroviral regimen, preferably zidovudine from 28 weeks of gestation; zidovudine, lamivudine, and a single dose of nevirapine during delivery; and zidovudine and lamivudine for 7 days after delivery to reduce the development of nevirapine resistance. Newborn infants should receive a single dose of nevirapine and 1-4 weeks of zidovudine, depending on the duration of the regimen received by the mother. Although steps are being taken to provide more effective regimens, the use of single-dose nevirapine alone should still be used in situations in which more effective regimens are not yet feasible or available. HIV transmission through breastfeeding remains a problem, and several interventions are under evaluation that include maternal and/or infant antiretroviral prophylaxis during breastfeeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Mat AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. World Hlth Org, HIV Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Div Tech Leadership & Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Dao, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hcd1@cdc.gov RI Gilks, Charles/B-4184-2012 NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S42 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.001 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700007 PM 17825650 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Lampe, MA Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Rogers, MF AF Fowler, Mary Glenn Lampe, Margaret A. Jamieson, Denise J. Kourtis, Athena P. Rogers, Martha F. TI Reducing the risk of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission: past successes, current progress and challenges, and future directions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; human immunodeficiency virus; mother-to-child transmission; pregnancy ID PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREVENTION; NEVIRAPINE; UGANDA; MULTICENTER AB Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States and Europe has been a tremendous success, such that transmission rates of less than 2% have been achieved. Some key successes have also been demonstrated in resource-poor countries; however, the translation of successful interventions into public health policy has been slow because of a variety of factors such as inadequate funding and cultural, social, and institutional barriers. The issue of HIV and infant feeding in settings that lack culturally acceptable, feasible, affordable, safe, and sustainable nutritional substitutes for breast milk is a continuing dilemma. An effective preventive infant HIV vaccine would be an optimal approach to reduce HIV acquisition in the first year of life among breast-feeding infants. The challenges to eliminate new perinatal HIV infections worldwide will depend on both sustaining and expanding PMTCT interventions and effective primary HIV prevention for women, adolescents, and young adults. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Onsite Makerere Univ, Dept Pathol, Johns Hopkins Med Sch, Kampala, Uganda. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Onsite Makerere Univ, Dept Pathol, Johns Hopkins Med Sch, Upper Mulago Hill Rd, Kampala, Uganda. EM mgfowler@mujhu.org NR 33 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S3 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.048 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700002 PM 17825648 ER PT J AU Harris, NS Fowler, MG Sansom, SL Ruffo, N Lampe, MA AF Harris, Norma S. Fowler, Mary Glenn Sansom, Stephanie L. Ruffo, Nan Lampe, Margaret A. TI Use of enhanced perinatal human immunodeficiency virus surveillance methods to assess antiretroviral use and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States, 1999-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; HIV/AIDS; perinatal; surveillance ID MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTED WOMEN; NORTH-CAROLINA; ZIDOVUDINE; PREVENTION; COHORT; TYPE-1; TRIAL; COMBINATION AB OBJECTIVE: Significant reductions in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission have been demonstrated in which the HIV-infected mothers and their HIV-exposed infants receive prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal antiretroviral therapy. STUDY DESIGN: We used data that were collected through the Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance system for HIV-exposed singleton births that occurred 1999-2001 in 24 sites. RESULTS: The overall infant infection rate for the 3 years was 4.7%. Compared with zidovudine monotherapy, those patients who received zidovudine with other drugs that included a protease inhibitor and those who received zidovudine and other drugs with no protease inhibitor were less likely to have an infected infant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.07]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8], respectively). CONCLUSION: These data support the current treatment recommendations and show that infants were less likely to be infected when the mothers were given a prenatal antiretroviral therapy regimen that contained zidovudine with additional antiretroviral drugs with or without a protease inhibitor in addition to receiving antiretrovirals during delivery and neonatally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Informat Technol Support, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harris, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S33 EP S41 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.081 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700006 PM 17825649 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Read, JS Kourtis, AP Durant, TM Lampe, MA Dominguez, KL AF Jamieson, Denise J. Read, Jennifer S. Kourtis, Athena P. Durant, Tonji M. Lampe, Margaret A. Dominguez, Kenneth L. TI Cesarean delivery for HIV-infected women: recommendations and controversies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cesarean delivery; HIV transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; 15 PROSPECTIVE COHORT; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; INFANTS TRANSMISSION; POSTPARTUM MORBIDITY; VAGINAL DELIVERY AB Two studies that were published in 1999 demonstrated that cesarean delivery before labor and before the rupture of membranes (elective cesarean delivery) reduces the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). On the basis of these results, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the US Public Health Service recommend that HIV-infected pregnant women with plasma viral loads of > 1000 copies per milliliter be counseled regarding the benefits of elective cesarean delivery. Since the release of these guidelines, the cesarean delivery rate among HIV-infected women in the United States has increased dramatically. Major postpartum morbidity is uncommon, and cesarean delivery among HIV-infected women is relatively safe and cost-effective. However, a number of important questions remain unanswered, including whether cesarean delivery has a role among HIV-infected women with low plasma viral loads or who receive combination antiretroviral regimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Aids Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mallstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S96 EP S100 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.034 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700013 PM 17825656 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Cohen, MH Maupin, R Nesheim, S Danner, SP Lampe, MA O'Sullivan, MJ Webber, MP Wiener, J Carter, RJ Rivero, Y Fowler, MG Bulterys, M AF Jamieson, Denise J. Cohen, Mardge H. Maupin, Robert Nesheim, Steven Danner, Susan P. Lampe, Margaret A. O'Sullivan, Mary Jo Webber, Mayris P. Wiener, Jeffrey Carter, Rosalind J. Rivero, Yvette Fowler, Mary Glenn Bulterys, Marc TI Rapid human immunodeficiency virus-1 testing on labor and delivery in 17 US hospitals: the MIRIAD experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus testing ID HIV-INFECTION; PERINATAL HIV; WOMEN; PREVENTION; INFANTS AB The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and accuracy of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing during labor. The Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study was a prospective, multicenter study that offered voluntary, rapid HIV testing to women with undocumented HIV status at 17 hospitals in 6 cities. Of 12,481 eligible women, 74% were approached for participation and 85.5% of those approached accepted rapid HIV testing. Among 7753 women tested, MIRIAD identified 52 (0.7%) HIV-infected women. The time between obtaining the blood sample for the rapid test and reporting the results to the health care provider was shorter for hospitals utilizing point-of-care testing than in hospitals utilizing laboratory-based testing (30 minutes vs 68 minutes; P <.0001), and point-of-care testing strategies were 14 times more likely to have a short turnaround as laboratory testing strategies. Routine rapid testing during labor provides a feasible, acceptable, and accurate way to identify HIV-infected women before delivery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Aids Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Strong Hosp, CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc NYC Inc, New York, NY USA. Onsite Makerere Univ, Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Johns Hopkins Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Kampala, Uganda. CDC, Global AIDS Progam, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Aids Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [617734, 517715, 417719, 479935, U64/217724] NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S72 EP S82 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.067 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700010 PM 17825653 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Clark, J Kourtis, AP Taylor, AW Lampe, MA Fowler, MG Mofenson, LM AF Jamieson, Denise J. Clark, Jill Kourtis, Athena P. Taylor, Allan W. Lampe, Margaret A. Fowler, Mary Glenn Mofenson, Lynne M. TI Recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus screening, prophylaxis, and treatment for pregnant women in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV testing and treatment; pregnancy ID PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; REDUCTION; TYPE-1; HIV-1 AB In the United States, current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing guidelines recommend an opt-out approach for pregnant women, whereby HIV testing is incorporated routinely into the standard panel of prenatal tests with the option to decline. Current recommendations for the initiation of treatment of HIV infection in pregnant women are the same as those for nonpregnant women. However, the special circumstances of pregnancy raise additional issues that are related to potential drug toxicity to the mother and fetus, which affect the choice of antiretroviral drugs to be used. For HIV-infected pregnant women who do not require therapy for their own health, antiretroviral drugs are recommended for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all women with HIV RNA levels of >= 1000 copies/mL, along with consideration of elective cesarean delivery. For women with HIV RNA levels of >= 1000 copies/mL, a 3-part zidovudine prophylaxis regimen (prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal) should be used alone or in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TD Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Informat Technol Support, Atlanta, GA USA. Makerere Univ, Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Johns Hopkins Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Kampala, Uganda. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Mat AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S26 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.087 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700005 PM 17825647 ER PT J AU Koenig, LJ Espinoza, L Hodge, K Ruffo, N AF Koenig, Linda J. Espinoza, Lorena Hodge, Krystal Ruffo, Nan TI Young, seropositive, and pregnant: epidemiologic and psychosocial perspectives on pregnant adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; human immunodeficiency virus; pregnancy ID HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PRENATAL-CARE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDREN; ADULTS; WOMEN; RISK; COHORT; HEALTH AB The objective of the study was to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive pregnant adolescents according to maternal reproductive, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. Data were derived from the national HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS, 2001-2004) and the Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project (PGEP, 1997-1999). Births to HIV-seropositive 13- to 21-year-olds reported to HARS via pediatric case report forms, and HIV-seropositive pregnant adolescents (aged 1321 years) who participated in PGEP were identified and characterized. In the 28 states with confidential, name-based perinatal HIV exposure reporting, 1183 live births occurred to 1090 seropositive adolescents. Fifteen births were to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents. HIV serostatus was known before the index pregnancy in half the cases (52.6% and 49.2% in HARS and PGEP, respectively). Of seropositive PGEP adolescents, 67% were previously pregnant; most pregnancies (83.3%) were unplanned. Many HIV-seropositive pregnant adolescents were aware of their serostatus when they became pregnant. Pregnancy and transmission risk reduction interventions targeting young seropositive females are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koenig, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lkoenig@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU112274, U64/CCU212267, U64/CCU412273, U64/CCU412294] NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S123 EP S131 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.004 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700017 PM 17825643 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Jamieson, DJ de Vincenzi, I Taylor, A Thigpen, MC Dao, H Farley, T Fowler, MG AF Kourtis, Athena P. Jamieson, Denise J. de Vincenzi, Isabelle Taylor, Allan Thigpen, Michael C. Dao, Halima Farley, Timothy Fowler, Mary Glenn TI Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission to the infant through breastfeeding: new developments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast milk; human immunodeficiency virus; infant; prevention; transmission ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; HIV-INFECTED MOTHERS; PRETORIA PASTEURIZATION; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS; COTE-DIVOIRE AB Breastfeeding accounts for up to half of all infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections worldwide and carries an estimated transmission risk of about 15% when continued into the second year of life. Because replacement feeding is not safely available, culturally acceptable, or affordable in many parts of the world and because breastfeeding provides protection against other causes of infant mortality, approaches that reduce breastfeeding mother-to child transmission of HIV are being explored. These include exclusive breastfeeding for the infant's first few months of life followed by rapid weaning, treatments of expressed milk to inactivate the virus, and antiretroviral prophylaxis taken by the infant or mother during breastfeeding, which are strategies currently being tested in clinical trials. Passive (antibodies) and active (vaccine) immunoprophylaxis will also soon begin to be tested. This paper focuses on current and planned research on strategies to prevent breastfeeding transmission of HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Makerere Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), MS-K34,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S113 EP S122 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.003 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700016 PM 17825642 ER PT J AU McConnell, MS Stringer, JSA Kourtis, AP Weidle, PJ Eshleman, SH AF McConnell, Michelle S. Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. Kourtis, Athena P. Weidle, Paul J. Eshleman, Susan H. TI Use of single-dose nevirapine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: does development of resistance matter? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nevirapine; PMTCT; resistance; treatment ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SUBTYPE-C; RECEIVING NEVIRAPINE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; UGANDAN WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE; INTRAPARTUM AB Nevirapine resistance has been detected in a considerable proportion of women after single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP) for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission. As a result, concern has been raised about the effectiveness of subsequent nevirapine-based treatment. Studies in Thailand, Botswana, and South Africa have assessed virologic treatment response after SD-NVP. These studies did not find any significant difference in virologic response for women who began treatment > 6 months after SD-NVP exposure. Two studies found worse response rates in women when treatment was initiated within 6 months of SD-NVP exposure. Furthermore, 2 studies found no difference in human immunodeficiency virus transmission rates from mother to child after the receipt of SD-NVP in repeat pregnancies. These data support the use of SD-NVP as 1 option for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission in resource-limited settings, particularly in settings where more complex regimens are not yet available. Further research in the optimization of perinatal prevention regimens is needed. C1 Thailand US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, TUC, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McConnell, MS (reprint author), Thailand US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, TUC, Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM zmd8@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI068613-02, U01 AI068613] NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S56 EP S63 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.031 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700008 PM 17825651 ER PT J AU McKenna, MT Hu, XH AF McKenna, Matthew T. Hu, Xiaohong TI Recent trends in the incidence and morbidity that are associated with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal; surveillance; United States ID HIV-INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; COMPLETENESS; DIAGNOSES; HIV/AIDS; CHILDREN; AIDS AB We analyzed national surveillance data that had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to elucidate the impact of recent clinical and public health efforts to further decrease the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and resulting morbidity caused by perinatal transmission. Long-term trends in pediatric (ages, 0-13 years), perinatal acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases were analyzed by log-linear Poisson regression for the period 1992-2004. Estimates for the number of perinatal HIV infections that occurred during the more recent period of 2001-2004 were developed by extrapolation from the 33 states with ongoing HIV (non-AIDS) reporting to the entire United States with the use of a probabilistic model. The number of pediatric perinatal AIDS cases that were identified decreased from 858 in 1992 to only 41 in 2004. These declines were consistent across demographic and regional subgroups. Data on the number of perinatal HIV infections suggests ongoing declines throughout the early years of the 21st century from 277 (95% CI, 224-346) in 2001 to 138 (95% CI, 96-186) in 2004. The incidence and morbidity associated with perinatal HIV infection continue to decline. To ensure that existing prevention efforts continue to achieve control of these infections, consistent methods of public health surveillance must be instituted throughout the entire United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC Informat Technol Support, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McKenna, MT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtm1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S10 EP S16 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.032 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700003 PM 17825639 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Harris, NS Sadek, R Lampe, MA Ruffo, NM Fowler, MG AF Sansom, Stephanie L. Harris, Norma S. Sadek, Ramses Lampe, Margaret A. Ruffo, Nan M. Fowler, Mary Glenn TI Toward elimination of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States: effectiveness of funded prevention programs, 1999-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; perinatal HIV; prevention; surveillance ID MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; EVALUATING HIV PREVENTION; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; TYPE-1; RISK; COMBINATION; LAMIVUDINE AB The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of federal funds in preventing perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in the United States. We used surveillance data from 1999 and 2001 in 6 funded areas to estimate the proportion of HIV-infected women prescribed perinatal prophylaxis and whose infants were HIV infected. We compared outcomes with 5 unfunded areas in which surveillance data were available. The proportion of funded-area women prescribed prophylaxis increased from 80.1% to 85.9% (P <.01), compared with a decline in unfunded areas from 95.1% to 86.7% (P <.01); the difference in trends between groups was P <.01. The perinatal HIV transmission rate for funded areas declined from 6.5% (105 cases) in 1999 to 3.4% (46 cases) in 2001 (P <.01), compared with a decline in unfunded areas from 4.3% (19 cases) to 3.4% (13 cases) (P <.59); the difference in trends between groups was P <.24). The number of perinatal HIV infections in the funded areas decreased by 56%, achieving the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's goal of a 50% reduction in incidence by 2005. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sansom, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-48,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sos9@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S90 EP S95 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.005 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700012 PM 17825655 ER PT J AU Taylor, AW Ruffo, N Griffith, J Kourtis, AP Clark, J Lindsay, M Green, D Jamieson, DJ AF Taylor, Allan W. Ruffo, Nan Griffith, Judy Kourtis, Athena P. Clark, Jill Lindsay, Michael Green, Donata Jamieson, Denise J. TI The missing link: documentation of recognized maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection in exposed infant birth records, 24 United States jurisdictions, 1999-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral prophylaxis; communication; HIV exposure; perinatal HIV prevention ID PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; HIV TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION AB Despite substantial improvements, perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has not been eliminated in the United States. We examined the extent and contribution of missed communication opportunities between obstetric and pediatric providers who cared for HIV- infected women and their infants. This was a retrospective review of HIV- exposed infants whose data were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance System from 1999-2003 (n = 8115). For approximately 4% of the HIV-exposed infants whose data were reported to the Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance System between 1999 and 2003, recognized maternal HIV infection was not documented in the exposed infants' birth records. Such infants were at higher risk of not receiving appropriate neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio, 37.3; 95% CI, 24.6-56.4) and had increased odds of HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6). Enhanced communication between pediatric and obstetric and gynecologic providers to eliminate this missed opportunity for prevention would improve HIV infection outcomes for HIV- exposed infants and improve care for their mothers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Tech Informat & Commun Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC Informat Technol Support, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Taylor, AW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ataylor2@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S132 EP S136 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.028 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700018 PM 17825644 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Miller, JW Okoro, C Mehrotra, C AF Naimi, Timothy S. Brewer, Robert D. Miller, Jacqueline W. Okoro, Catherine Mehrotra, Chetna TI What do binge drinkers drink? Implications for alcohol control policy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; UNITED-STATES; YOUTH; CONSUMPTION; BEER; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS; EXPOSURE; ADULTS; RISK AB Background: Although binge drinking (drinking five or more drinks on an occasion) is an important public health problem, little is known about which beverage types are consumed by binge drinkers. This knowledge could guide prevention efforts because beer, wine, and liquor are taxed, marketed, and distributed differently. Methods: Data from 14,150 adult binge drinkers who responded to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System binge-drinking module in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed. Information pertained to the amount of alcohol consumed during a binge drinker's most recent binge episode, including beverage-specific consumption. Results: Overall, 74.4% of binge drinkers consumed beer exclusively or predominantly, and those who consumed at least some beer accounted for 80.5% of all binge alcohol consumption. By beverage type, beer accounted for 67.1%, liquor for 21.9%, and wine accounted for 10.9% of binge drinks consumed. Beer also accounted for most of the alcohol consumed by those at highest risk of causing or incurring alcohol-related harm, including people aged 18-20 years (67.0% of drinks were beer); those with three or more binge episodes per month (70.7%); those drinking eight or more drinks per binge episode (69.9%); those binging in public places (64.4%); and those who drove during or within 2 hours of binge drinking (67.1%). Conclusions: Beer accounted for two thirds of all alcohol consumed by binge drinkers and accounted for most alcohol consumed by those at greatest risk of causing or incurring alcohol-related harm. Lower excise taxes and relatively permissive sales and marketing practices for beer as compared with other beverage types may account for some of these findings. These findings suggest that equalizing alcohol control policies at more stringent levels would be an effective way to prevent excessive drinking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Zuni Tribal Epidemiol Program, Zuni, NM USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), ZPHS Hosp, POB 467, Zuni, NM 87327 USA. EM tbn7@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.amerpe.2007.04.026 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 210JO UT WOS:000249452700003 PM 17826577 ER PT J AU Jhung, MA Shehab, N Rohr-Allegrini, C Pollock, DA Sanchez, R Guerra, F Jernigan, DB AF Jhung, Michael A. Shehab, Nadine Rohr-Allegrini, Cherise Pollock, Daniel A. Sanchez, Roger Guerra, Fernando Jernigan, Daniel B. TI Chronic disease and disasters - Medication demands of hurricane katrina evacuees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTANCE TEAMS; DEPRESSION AB Background: Preparing for natural disasters has historically focused on treatment for acute injuries, environmental exposures, and infectious diseases. Many disaster survivors also have existing chronic illness, which may be worsened by post-disaster conditions. The relationship between actual medication demands and medical relief pharmaceutical supplies was assessed in a population of 18,000 evacuees relocated to San Antonio TX after Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast in August 2005. Methods: Healthcare encounters from day 4 to day 31 after landfall were monitored using a syndromic surveillance system based on patient chief complaint. Medication-dispensing records were collected from federal disaster relief teams and local retail pharmacies serving evacuees. Medications dispensed to evacuees during this period were quantified into defined daily doses and classified as acute or chronic, based on their primary indications. Results: Of 4229 categorized healthcare encounters, 634 (15%) were for care of chronic medical conditions. Sixty-eight percent of all medications dispensed to evacuees were for treatment of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular medications (39%) were most commonly dispensed to evacuees. Thirty-eight percent of medication doses dispensed by federal relief teams were for chronic care, compared to 73% of doses dispensed by retail pharmacies. Federal disaster relief teams supplied 9% of all chronic care medicines dispensed. Conclusions: A substantial demand for drugs used to treat chronic medical conditions was identified among San Antonio evacuees, as was a reliance on retail pharmacy supplies to meet this demand. Medical relief pharmacy supplies did not consistently reflect the actual demands of evacuees. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Antonio Metro Hlth Dist, Publ Hlth Emergency Preparedness, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Jhung, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjhung@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.amerpe.2007.04.030 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 210JO UT WOS:000249452700006 PM 17826580 ER PT J AU Pollack, CE Chideya, S Cubbin, C Williams, B Dekker, M Braveman, P AF Pollack, Craig Evan Chideya, Sekai Cubbin, Catherine Williams, Brie Dekker, Mercedes Braveman, Paula TI Should health studies measure wealth? A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; ECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL-CLASS; LATER LIFE; BODY-MASS; DISPARITIES; MORTALITY; INEQUALITIES AB Background: Health researchers rarely measure accumulated wealth to reflect socioeconomic status/ position (SES). In order to determine whether health research should more frequently include measures of wealth, this study assessed the relationship between wealth and health. Methods: Studies published between 1990 to 2006 were systematically reviewed. Included studies used wealth and at least one other SES measure as independent variables, and a health-related dependent variable. Results: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Measures of wealth varied greatly. In most studies, greater wealth was associated with better health, even after adjusting for other SES measures. The findings appeared most consistent when using detailed wealth measures on specific assets and debts, rather than a single question. Adjusting for wealth generally decreased observed racial/ethnic disparities in health. Conclusions: Health studies should include wealth as an important SES indicator. Failure to measure wealth may result in under-estimating the contribution of SES to health, such as when studying the etiology of racial/ethnic disparities. Validation is needed for simpler approaches to measuring wealth that would be feasible in health studies. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Dispar Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Penn, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, VA Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, Populat Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Geriatr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Braveman, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Dispar Hlth, Box 0900,500 Parnassus Ave,MU 3E, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM braveman@fcm.ucsf.edu NR 60 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 250 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.amerpe.2007.04.033 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 210JO UT WOS:000249452700011 PM 17826585 ER PT J AU Perrin, MA DiGrande, L Wheeler, K Thorpe, L Farfel, M Brackbill, R AF Perrin, Megan A. DiGrande, Laura Wheeler, Katherine Thorpe, Lorna Farfel, Mark Brackbill, Robert TI Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among world trade center disaster rescue and recovery workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; EMERGENCY SERVICES PERSONNEL; POLICE OFFICERS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CIVILIAN VERSION; EARTHQUAKE; CHECKLIST; VALIDATION; RESPONSES; VETERANS AB Objective: This study compared the prevalence and risk factors of current probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across different occupations involved in rescue/recovery work at the World Trade Center site. Method: Rescue and recovery workers enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry who reported working at the World Trade Center site (N=28,962) were included in the analysis. interviews conducted 2-3 years after the disaster included assessments of demographic characteristics, within-disaster and work experiences related to the World Trade Center, and current probable PTSD. Results: The overall prevalence of PTSD among rescue/recovery workers was 12.4%, ranging from 6.2% for police to 21.2% for unaffiliated volunteers. After adjustments, the greatest risk of developing PTSD was seen among construction/engineering workers, sanitation workers, and unaffiliated volunteers. Earlier start date and longer duration of time worked at the World Trade Center site were significant risk factors for current probable PTSD for all occupations except police, and the association between duration of time worked and current probable PTSD was strongest for those who started earlier. The prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher among those who performed tasks not common for their occupation. Conclusions: Workers and volunteers in occupations least likely to have had prior disaster training or experience were at greatest risk of PTSD. Disaster preparedness training and shift rotations to enable shorter duration of service at the site may reduce PTSD among workers and volunteers in future disasters. C1 Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Cognit Neurophysiol Lab, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. CUNY, Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. CUNY, Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, Div Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perrin, MA (reprint author), Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Cognit Neurophysiol Lab, Bldg 35,140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. EM mperrin@nki.rfmh.org OI Wheeler, Katherine/0000-0002-6806-4233 NR 34 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 164 IS 9 BP 1385 EP 1394 DI 10.1176/appi.apj.2007.06101645 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 207QQ UT WOS:000249266600018 PM 17728424 ER PT J AU Tucker, MJ Berg, CJ Callaghan, WM Hsia, J AF Tucker, Myra J. Berg, Cynthia J. Callaghan, William M. Hsia, Jason TI Disparities in adverse birth outcomes may reflect influence of stress - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 [Tucker, Myra J.; Berg, Cynthia J.; Callaghan, William M.; Hsia, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tucker, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjt2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1541 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.114900 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WM UT WOS:000255648100003 ER PT J AU Beck, LF Shults, RA Mack, KA Ryan, GW AF Beck, Laurie F. Shults, Ruth A. Mack, Karin A. Ryan, George W. TI Associations between sociodemographics and safety belt use in states with and without primary enforcement laws SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; FATALITY RISK; BODY-MASS; SECONDARY; ALCOHOL; OBESITY; INJURY; ADULTS; DEATH; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives. We examined how safety belt use is influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, primary enforcement laws (police may stop and ticket a motorist solely for being unbelted), and secondary enforcement laws (police may issue a safety belt citation only if the vehicle has been stopped for another reason). Methods. We analyzed 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 50 states and the District of Columbia. We performed multivariable, log-linear regression analyses to assess the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and safety belt laws on safety belt use. Analyses were stratified by the type of enforcement permitted by state laws. Results. Reported safety belt use was higher in states that had primary versus secondary enforcement laws, both overall and for each sociodemographic characteristic examined. Safety belt use was 85% in states that had primary enforcement laws and 74% in states that had secondary enforcement laws. Cross-sectional data suggested that primary enforcement laws may have the greatest effect on sociodemographic groups that reported lower levels of safety belt use. Conclusions. Primary enforcement laws are an effective population-based strategy for reducing disparities in safety belt use and may, therefore, reduce disparities in crash-related injuries and fatalities. C1 [Beck, Laurie F.; Shults, Ruth A.; Mack, Karin A.; Ryan, George W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ldf8@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1619 EP 1624 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.092890 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WM UT WOS:000255648100023 PM 17666699 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Sanders-Lewis, K Wilson, M AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Sanders-Lewis, Kolby Wilson, Marianna TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in the united states, 1999-2004, decline from the prior decade SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE CYSTS; RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ANTIBODIES; PORK; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; PARASITE; WOMEN AB Toxoplasma gondii can cause congenital, neurologic, ocular, and mild or asymptomatic infection. To determine the U.S. prevalence of T gondii infection, we tested sera collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 for T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies in persons 6-49 years old and contrasted the results to those comparable in NHANES III (1988-1994) (ages 12-49 years). Of the 17,672 persons examined in NHANES 1999-2004,15,960 (90%) were tested. The age-adjusted T. gondii seroprevalence among persons 6-49 years old was 1.0.8% (95% confidence limits [CL] 9.6%, 11.9%), and among women 15-44 years old, 11.0% (95% CL 9.5%,12.4%). T gondii seroprevalence declined from 14.1% to 9.0% (P < 0.001) from NHANES III to NHANES 1999-2004 among U.S.-born persons ages 12-49 years. Although T. gondii infects many persons in the U.S., the prevalence has declined in the past decade. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, CCID, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jljl@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 208IE UT WOS:000249312200001 PM 17827351 ER PT J AU Calhoun, LM Avery, M Jones, L Gunarto, K King, R Roberts, J Burkot, TR AF Calhoun, Lisa M. Avery, Melissa Jones, LeeAnn Gunarto, Karina King, Raymond Roberts, Jacquelin Burkot, Thomas R. TI Combined sewage overflows (CSO) are major urban breeding sites for Culex quinquefasciatus in Atlanta, Georgia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; CULICIDAE; DISEASE AB A longitudinal study of mosquito ecology in Tanyard Creek, an urban stream in Atlanta, GA, that receives combined storm and waste water effluent from the Atlanta combined sewage overflow system, was undertaken in 2006. Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species found, but Culex restuans was also abundant during the spring with limited numbers of Culex nigripalpis and Anopheles punctipennis also collected. Significant differences in mosquito densities were found with Greater densities associated with side pools of water and stagnant water. Mosquito numbers are regulated largely by flooding of the stream by effluent discharges exceeding 15 kgal/min. These floods are associated with significant immediate reductions, but not complete elimination, of mosquitoes from Tanyard Creek. Mosquito numbers rebound within 5-10 days after such floods and rapidly reach high densities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Tburkot@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 478 EP 484 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 208IE UT WOS:000249312200013 PM 17827363 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Montgomery, SP Sheff, KW Chowdhury, MA Breiman, RF Kabeya, H Kosoy, MY AF Bai, Ying Montgomery, Susan P. Sheff, Kelly W. Chowdhury, Manjur A. Breiman, Robert F. Kabeya, Hidenori Kosoy, Michael Y. TI Bartonella strains in small mammals from dhaka, bangladesh, related to Bartonella in America and Europe SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; SOUTHERN CHINA; OLD-WORLD; RODENTS; DIVERSITY; RATS AB Ecological and bacteriologic observations of small mammals captured in Dhaka, Bangladesh, indicated that Bartonella infections occurred in high prevalence among lesser bandicoot rats (Bandicota bengalensis), black rats (Rattus rattus), and house shrews (Suncus murinus). Sequence analysis of the citrate synthase gene of Bartonella isolates showed that small mammals in Bangladesh harbored a diverse assemblage of strains. Some cultures were genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae, a species identified from a human patient in the United States. Sequences of some other cultures from Bandicota and Rattas rats were identical to sequences of cultures from domestic rats in France, Portugal, and the United States. The finding of Bartonella species in a high proportion of the mammalian samples from Dhaka suggests the need to study whether these agents might be responsible for human cases of febrile illness of unknown etiology in Bangladesh and elsewhere in south Asia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Safeway Pest Control, Dhaka, Bangladesh. B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICBBR, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), CDC, Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mck3@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 208IE UT WOS:000249312200031 PM 17827381 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Holden, J Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, WR Picciano, MF Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Betz, JM Coates, PM Milner, JA Whitted, J Burt, V Radimer, K Wilger, J Sharpless, KE Hardy, CJ AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Holden, Joanne Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Perry, Charles R. Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Picciano, Mary Frances Fisher, Kenneth D. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Betz, Joseph M. Coates, Paul M. Milner, John A. Whitted, Jackie Burt, Vicki Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaime Sharpless, Katherine E. Hardy, Constance J. TI Measuring vitamins and minerals in dietary supplements for nutrition studies in the USA SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dietary supplements; dietary supplement ingredient database; multivitamin mineral supplements; analytical values ID MULTIVITAMIN-MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; ACCURACY; HEALTH AB This article illustrates the importance of having analytical data on the vitamin and mineral contents of dietary supplements in nutrition studies, and describes efforts to develop an analytically validated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) by a consortium of federal agencies in the USA. Preliminary studies of multivitamin mineral supplements marketed in the USA that were analyzed as candidates for the DSID are summarized. Challenges are summarized, possible future directions are outlined, and some related programs at the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health are described. The DSID should be helpful to researchers in assessing relationships between intakes of vitamins and minerals and health outcomes. C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Dept HHS, US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1456-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300007 PM 17641882 ER PT J AU Ong, S Nakase, J Moran, GJ Karras, DJ Kuehnert, MJ Talan, DA AF Ong, Samuel Nakase, Janet Moran, Gregory J. Karras, David J. Kuehnert, Matthew J. Talan, David A. CA EMERGEncy ID NET Study Grp TI Antibiotic use for emergency department patients with upper respiratory infections: Prescribing practices, patient expectations, and patient satisfaction SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNCOMPLICATED ACUTE BRONCHITIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; JUDICIOUS USE; MARCH 20; AMBULATORY PRACTICE; COMMON COLD; PRINCIPLES; RESISTANCE AB Study objective: Physicians often prescribe antibiotics to patients even when there is no clear indication for their use. Previous studies examining antibiotic use in acute bronchitis and upper respiratory infections have been conducted in primary care settings. We evaluate the factors that physicians in the emergency department (ED) consider when prescribing antibiotics (eg, patient expectations) and the factors associated with patient satisfaction. Methods: Ten academic EDs enrolled adults and children presenting with symptoms consistent with upper respiratory infection. Enrolled patients were interviewed before their physician encounter and were reinterviewed before discharge and 2 weeks later. Physicians were interviewed about factors that influenced their management decisions, including their perceptions of patients' expectations. Patients with a single diagnosis of uncomplicated acute bronchitis or upper respiratory infection were included for analysis. Results: Of 272 patients enrolled, 68% of bronchitis patients and 9% of upper respiratory infection patients received antibiotics. Physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics when they believed that patients expected them (odds ratio [OR] 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9 to 9.6), although they were able to correctly identify only 27% of the patients who expected antibiotics. Satisfaction with the ED visit was reported by 87% of patients who received antibiotics and 89% of those not receiving antibiotics. Satisfaction with the visit was reported by 92% of patients who believed they had a better understanding of their illness but only by 72% of those who thought they had no better understanding (OR 4.4; 95% Cl 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusion: Physicians in our academic EDs prescribed antibiotics to 68% of acute bronchitis patients and to fewer than 10% of upper respiratory infection patients. Physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who they believed expected them, although they correctly identified only about 1 in 4 of those patients. Patient satisfaction was not related to receipt of antibiotics but was related to the belief they had a better understanding of their illness. C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ong, S (reprint author), 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. EM samong@ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU912342] NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.026 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 206YN UT WOS:000249218900001 PM 17467120 ER PT J AU Howard, G Labarthe, DR Hu, JF Yoon, S Howard, VJ AF Howard, George Labarthe, Darwin R. Hu, Jianfang Yoon, Sarah Howard, Virginia J. TI Regional differences in African Americans' high risk for stroke: The remarkable burden of stroke for southern African Americans SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebrovascular accident; mortality; continental population groups; African Americans; geography ID BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; HYPERTENSION; REASONS; BELT; AWARENESS AB PURPOSE: The stroke mortality rate for African Americans aged 45 to 64 years is 3 to 4 times higher than for whites of the same age, with a decreasing black-to-white mortality ratio with increasing age. There is also a "STROKE BELT" with higher stroke mortality in the southeastern United States. This study assesses if there are also geographic variations in the magnitude of the excess stroke mortality for African Americans. METHODS: The age- and sex-specific black-to-white mortality ratio was calculated for each of 26 states with a sufficient African American population for stable estimates. The southern excess was calculated as the percentage excess of southern over nonsouthern rates. RESULTS: Across age and sex strata, the black-to-white stroke mortality ratio was consistently higher for southern states, with an average black-to-white stroke mortality ratio that ranged from 6% to 21 % higher among southern states than in nonsouthern states. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in stroke mortality rates for African Americans in southern states is even larger than expected. That southern states that are not part of the "STROKE BELT" (Virginia and Florida) also have an elevated black-to-white mortality ratio suggests the mechanism of higher risk for African Americans may be independent of the causes contributing to "STROKE BELT." (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howard, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ryals Publ Hlth Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM ghoward@uab.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [U01 NS041588, U01 NS041588-06] NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.019 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 208AV UT WOS:000249293100006 PM 17719482 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Aranas, A Mcneil, MM Duderstadt, S Rose, CE AF Payne, Daniel C. Aranas, Aaron Mcneil, Michael M. Duderstadt, Susan Rose, Charles E., Jr. TI Concurrent vaccinations and US military hospitalizations SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple vaccinations; military hospitalizations; vaccine analytic unit ID MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; GULF-WAR; MULTIPLE VACCINATIONS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; ADVERSE REACTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; ILL HEALTH; VACCINES; VETERANS; FUTURE AB PURPOSE: To investigate whether concurrent vaccinations (>= 2 vaccinations on consecutive days) are associated with hospitalization risk among U.S. military personnel. METHODS: We analyzed Defense Medical Surveillance System data from January 1998 through December 2003 for 117,876 active component U.S. military personnel. We performed a time-to-event analysis of a historical cohort using a Cox proportional hazards model comparing hospitalizations during a 120-day postvaccination exposure interval to hospitalizations within a 120-day pre-exposure interval. We excluded personnel who were deployed during these intervals and those having hospitalizations 60 days prior to the concurrent vaccination exposure. Hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, adjusting for demographic, occupational, health, and calendar variables. RESULTS: We analyzed 19,743 persons having concurrent vaccinations. Receiving two or more vaccinations concurrently was not statistically associated with the adjusted risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.90 [0-75, 1.09]). Furthermore, no statistically significant associations were detected for 3 concurrent vaccinations (HR = 0.86 [0,58, 1.28]), 4 concurrent vaccinations (HR = 1.08, [0.66, 1.74]), or five or more concurrent vaccinations (HR = 0.86 [0.49, 1.51]). CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found that the concurrent receipt of multiple vaccinations is related to hospitalization risk among this sample of U.S. military personnel. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DVP6@CDC.GOV NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 208AV UT WOS:000249293100007 PM 17574864 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Hossain, J Saba, SK Gurley, ES Bann, S Hamadani, JD Faiz, MA Siddiqui, FM Mohammad, QD Mollah, AH Uddin, R Alam, R Rahman, R Tan, CT Bellini, W Rota, P Breiman, RF Luby, SP AF Sejvar, James J. Hossain, Jahangir Saba, Sankar Kama Gurley, Emily S. Bann, Shakila Hamadani, Jena D. Faiz, Mohammed Abdul Siddiqui, F. M. Mohammad, Quazi Deen Mollah, Abid Hossain Uddin, Rafique Alam, Rajibul Rahman, Ridwanur Tan, Chong Tin Bellini, William Rota, Paul Breiman, Robert F. Luby, Stephen P. TI Long-term neurological and functional outcome in Nipah virus infection SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING-PANENCEPHALITIS; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; LA-CROSSE ENCEPHALITIS; ABATTOIR WORKERS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; PARAMYXOVIRUS; OUTBREAK; RISK; BANGLADESH AB Objective: Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonosis. Central nervous system disease frequently results in high case-fatality. Long-term neurological assessments of survivors are limited. We assessed long-term neurologic and functional outcomes of 22 patients surviving NiV illness in Bangladesh. Methods: During August 2005 and May 2006, we administered a questionnaire on persistent symptoms and functional difficulties to 22 previously identified NiV infection survivors. We performed neurologic evaluations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Twelve (55%) subjects were male; median age was 14.5 years (range 6-50). Seventeen (77%) survived encephalitis, and 5 survived febrile illness. All but I subject had disabling fatigue, with a median duration of 5 months (range, 8 days-8 months). Seven encephalitis patients (32% overall), but none with febrile illness had persistent neurologic dysfunction, including static encephalopathy (n = 4), ocular motor palsies (2), cervical dystonia (2), focal weakness (2), and facial paralysis (1). Four cases had delayed-onset neurologic abnormalities months after acute illness. Behavioral abnormalities were reported by caregivers of over 50% of subjects under age 16. MRI abnormalities were present in 15, and included multifocal hyperintensities, cerebral atrophy, and confluent cortical and subcortical signal changes. Interpretation: Although delayed progression to neurologic illness following Nipah fever was not observed, persistent fatigue and functional impairment was frequent. Neurologic sequelae were frequent following Nipah encephalitis. Neurologic dysfunction may persist for years after acute infection, and new neurologic dysfunction may develop after acute illness. Survivors of NiV infection may experience substantial long-term neurologic and functional morbidity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zooton Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis & Vector Borne Infect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dhaka Med Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sir Solimullah Med Coll, Dept Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Begum Khaleda Zia Med Coll, Dept Med, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zooton Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis & Vector Borne Infect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1002/ana.21178 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 217GS UT WOS:000249937000009 PM 17696217 ER PT J AU Melo, AS Colombo, AL Arthington-Skaggs, BA AF Melo, Analy S. Colombo, Arnaldo L. Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A. TI Paradoxical growth effect of caspofungin observed on biofilms and planktonic cells of five different Candida species SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HIGH DRUG CONCENTRATIONS; IN-VITRO; CLINICAL SOURCES; ALBICANS; PARAPSILOSIS; INFECTION; ECHINOCANDINS; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES; THERAPY AB The paradoxical growth (PG) of Candida sp. biofilms in the presence of high caspofungin (CAS) concentrations was previously unknown. We sought to characterize the PG at supra-MICs of CAS among clinical Candida sp. isolates grown as biofilms in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates. The MICs of CAS were determined for 30 clinical Candida sp. isolates (4 Candida albicans, 6 C tropicalis, 7 C. parapsilosis, 8 C. orthopsilosis, and 5 C. metapsilosis isolates) when they were grown as planktonic cells and biofilms and were defined as the lowest drug concentrations that resulted in a prominent decrease in growth and a 50% reduction in metabolic activity, respectively. PG was defined as a resurgence of growth (>50% of that in the drug-free growth control well) at drug concentrations above the MIC. With the exception of C. tropicalis, all isolates displayed PG more frequently when they were grown as biofilms than when they grown as planktonic cells. PG was undetectable among C. metapsilosis isolates in planktonic cell MIC tests but was present in 100% of the isolates in biofilm MIC tests. The drug concentration and the number of drug dilutions supporting PG were higher for biofilms than for planktonic cells. Microscopic changes in cell morphology were observed among both planktonic and biofilm cells with PG. Specifically, the accumulation of enlarged, globose cells was associated with PG, and we hypothesize that CAS-induced changes in the cell wall composition may be the explanation. C1 Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arthington-Skaggs, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bskaggs@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 9 BP 3081 EP 3088 DI 10.1128/AAC.00676-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 206HV UT WOS:000249175400006 PM 17591847 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Muin J. TI Dermatology and the human genome - An epidemiologic approach SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Hwy,MSK-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgwinn@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 143 IS 9 BP 1194 EP 1195 DI 10.1001/archderm.143.9.1194 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 211HY UT WOS:000249516100018 PM 17875886 ER PT J AU Turabelidze, G Lin, M Weiser, T Zhu, BP AF Turabelidze, George Lin, Mei Weiser, Thomas Zhu, Bao-Ping TI Communitywide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in rural Missouri associated with attendance at child care centers SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Objective: To determine risk factors for infection during a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a rural Missouri community. Design: Community-based case-control study. Setting: Madison County, Missouri. Participants: Case patients had laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infection. Controls were randomly selected from the community. Interventions: Pool water and municipal tap water were analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential risk factors. Outcome Measures: Risk factors for cryptosporidiosis infection. Results: In total, 56 case patients (median age, 7.0 years) who developed cryptosporidiosis from July 27 to August 30, 2005, and 76 controls (median age, 8.4 years) participated in this study. The main risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were attending child care center A or B (adjusted odds ratio, 42.11; 95% confidence interval, 4.88-363.57) and using a water park (adjusted odds ratio, 6.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-29.01). A pool-based case-control study indicated that the highest risk for infection was associated with eating at the pool (adjusted odds ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 2.57-20.48). The epidemiologic curve for cases without child care exposure peaked 4 days later than that for the child care -associated cases. Samples of water from the city water plant and the water park tested negative for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Conclusions: Children attending child care center A or B were the likely sources of this cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Recreational pool water probably served as a vehicle for disease transmission in the community. Early recognition of first cases of cryptosporidiosis by health care providers (ie, pediatricians and family physicians) caring for children could play an important role in limiting community outbreaks. C1 E Dist Off, Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Turabelidze, G (reprint author), E Dist Off, Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, 220 S Jefferson St, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM George.Turabelidze@dhss.mo.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 161 IS 9 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.9.878 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 206AR UT WOS:000249156800010 PM 17768288 ER PT J AU Breslow, RA Falk, DE Fein, SB Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Breslow, Rosalind A. Falk, Daniel E. Fein, Sara B. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Alcohol Consumption Among Breastfeeding Women SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Purpose: To determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women at 3 months postpartum. Methods: We analyzed the most recent data available, which were from the 1993-1994 Food and Drug Administration Infant Feeding Practices Study I, a longitudinal panel study of infant-mother pairs. Self-reported data on alcohol consumption were analyzed for 772 breastfeeding women and 776 non-breastfeeding women age >= 14 years. Results: At 3 months postpartum, 36% of breastfeeding women and 40% of non-breastfeeding women consumed alcohol (p = 0.09). In multinomial regression models adjusted for age, race, education, income, marital status, region, smoking, and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, breastfeeding women were significantly less likely than non-breastfeeding women to consume two drinks per week (p < 0.01), or equal to or more than three drinks per week (p < 0.01), but equally likely to consume one drink (p = 0.23). Conclusions: A substantial percentage of breastfeeding women consumed alcohol. Their infants may or may not have been exposed, as some women may have used alcohol avoidance strategies. Nationally representative data are needed on alcohol consumption and infant feeding practices among breastfeeding women. C1 [Breslow, Rosalind A.] NIAAA, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Falk, Daniel E.] CSR Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Fein, Sara B.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Breslow, RA (reprint author), NIAAA, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Res, NIH, 5635 Fishers Lane,Room 2860, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rbreslow@mail.nih.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1089/bfm.2007.0012 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA V11LU UT WOS:000207533900005 PM 17903101 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Cairns, KL Perry, R Dietz, V Gittelman, D AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Cairns, K. Lisa Perry, Robert Dietz, Vance Gittelman, David TI Use and abuse of rapid monitoring to assess coverage during mass vaccination campaigns SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; AMERICA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 651 EP 651 DI 10.2471/BLT.07.045328 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219BM UT WOS:000250059700002 PM 18026614 ER PT J AU Wang, LX Li, JH Chen, HP Li, FJ Armstrong, GL Nelson, C Ze, WY Shapirod, CN AF Wang, Lixia Li, Junhua Chen, Haiping Li, Fangjun Armstrong, Gregory L. Nelson, Carib Ze, Wenyuan Shapirod, Craig N. TI Hepatitis B vaccination of newborn infants in rural China: evaluation of a village-based, out-of-cold-chain delivery strategy SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; COVERAGE; DEVICE AB Objective To prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), WHO recommends that the first dose of hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine be given within 24 hours after birth. This presents a challenge in remote areas with limited cold-chain infrastructure and where many children are born at home. Methods Rural townships in three counties in China's Hunan Province were randomized into three groups with different strategies for delivery of the first dose of HepB vaccine. In group 1, vaccine was stored within the cold chain and administered in township hospitals. In group 2, vaccine was stored out of the cold chain in villages and administered by village-based health workers to infants at home. Group 3 used the same strategy as group 2, but vaccine was packaged in a prefilled injection device. Training of immunization providers and public communication conveying the importance of the birth dose was performed for all groups. Findings Among children born at home, timely administration (within 24 hours after birth) of the first dose of HepB vaccine increased in all groups after the study: group 1, from 2.4% to 25.2%; group 2, from 2.6% to 51.8%; and group 3, from 0.6% to 66.7%; P < 0.001 in each case. No significant difference in antibody response to vaccine was observed between the groups. Conclusion Timely administration of the first dose of HepB vaccine was improved by communication and training activities, and by out-of-cold-chain storage of vaccine and administration at the village level, especially among children born at home. C1 Beijing Off, Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. Hunan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hunan, Peoples R China. Natl Vaccine & Serum Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wang, LX (reprint author), US Embassy, Environm Sci Technol & Hlth Sect, 3 Xiu Shui Bei Jie,Jian Guo Men Wai,Chao Yang Dis, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China. EM lixiawangcn@gmail.com NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.037002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219BM UT WOS:000250059700012 PM 18026625 ER PT J AU Cutts, FT Franceschi, S Goldie, S Castellsague, X de Sanjose, S Garnett, G Edmunds, WJ Claeys, P Goldenthal, KL Harper, DM Markowitz, L AF Cutts, F. T. Franceschi, S. Goldie, S. Castellsague, X. de Sanjose, S. Garnett, G. Edmunds, W. J. Claeys, P. Goldenthal, K. L. Harper, D. M. Markowitz, L. TI Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: a review SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID GRADE CERVICAL LESIONS; PARTICLE VACCINE; YOUNG-WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; INFECTION; CANCER; L1; METAANALYSIS; EFFICACY; TYPE-18 AB Cervical cancer, the most common cancer affecting women in developing countries, is caused by persistent infection with "high-risk" genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPV). The most common oncogenic HPV genotypes are 16 and 18, causing approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Types 6 and 11 do not contribute to the incidence of high-grade dysplasias (precancerous lesions) or cervical cancer, but do cause laryngeal papillomas and most genital warts. HPV is highly transmissible, with peak incidence soon after the onset of sexual activity. A quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) HPV vaccine has recently been licensed in several countries following the determination that it has an acceptable benefit/risk profile. In large phase III trials, the vaccine prevented 100% of moderate and severe precancerous cervical lesions associated with types 16 or 18 among women with no previous infection with these types. A bivalent (types 16 and 18) vaccine has also undergone extensive evaluation and been licensed in at least one country. Both vaccines are prepared from non-infectious, DNA-free virus-like particles produced by recombinant technology and combined with an adjuvant. With three doses administered, they induce high levels of serum antibodies in virtually all vaccinated individuals. In women who have no evidence of past or current infection with the HPV genotypes in the vaccine, both vaccines show > 90% protection against persistent HPV infection for up to 5 years after vaccination, which is the longest reported follow-up so far. Vaccinating at an age before females are exposed to HPV would have the greatest impact. Since HPV vaccines do not eliminate the risk of cervical cancer, cervical I screening will still be required to minimize cancer incidence. Tiered pricing for HPV vaccines, innovative financing mechanisms and multidisciplinary partnerships will be essential in order for the vaccines to reach populations in greatest need. C1 WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Hosp Llobregat, Inst Catala Oncol, Serv Epidemiol & Registre Canc, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Modelling & Econ Unit, London, England. Univ Ghent, Int Ctr Reproduct Hlth, Ghent, Belgium. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med & Obstet & Gynecol, Lebanon, NH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cutts, FT (reprint author), WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM felicity.cutts@lshtm.ac.uk RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008; de Sanjose Llongueras, Silvia/H-6339-2014; Castellsague Pique, Xavier/N-5795-2014 OI Castellsague Pique, Xavier/0000-0002-0802-3595 FU Medical Research Council [G0100063] NR 49 TC 112 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 26 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.038414 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219BM UT WOS:000250059700016 PM 18026629 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Irwin, KL Carlin, L Chen, X Jain, N Benard, V Montano, DE AF Saraiya, Mona Irwin, Kathleen L. Carlin, Linda Chen, Xiao Jain, Nidhi Benard, Vicki Montano, Daniel E. TI Cervical cancer screening and management practices among providers in the national breast and cervical cancer early detection program (NBCCEDP) SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; human papillomavirus; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; liquid-based cytology; Papanicolaou test ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; CYTOLOGY; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. This study was conducted to describe clinicians serving women in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) with regard to demographic and practice characteristics and their usual practices in cervical cancer screening and abnormal cytology management, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) test use. METHODS. The authors analyzed data from a nationally representative survey conducted in 2004 of providers practicing 7 specialties that commonly offer cervical cancer screening. The program providers were compared with nonprogram providers. RESULTS. Program providers were found to be significantly more likely than nonprogram providers to be midlevel providers and to serve low-income, racial/ethnic minorities who are insured by Medicaid. In addition, they had significantly more patients with abnormal Papanicolaou tests and were more likely to offer 3 onsite colposcopy (57% vs 40%). Program providers were less likely to use liquid-based cytology (LBC) as their sole method for cytology. Approximately 20% of program and nonprogram providers used HPV DNA testing as an adjunct to screening cytology and two-thirds used HPV tests to manage patients with abnormal cytology results. However, many also used HPV testing for reasons not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as for screening women age < 30 years. CONCLUSIONS. As of mid-2004, program providers served racially and ethnically diverse, low-income patients who are at high risk for cervical cancer compared MPH with nonprogram providers, as intended by this program. Because many providers offered on-site colposcopy, used LBC, and used HPV tests for patients with abnormal cytology results, they are well equipped to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Many program providers used the HPV test for reasons that were not approved of by the FDA or reimbursed by the NBCCEDP. The results of this survey have informed training materials for program providers, reimbursement policies for LBC and HPV tests, and interventions to discourage inappropriate HPV testing. (See editorial on pages 000-000, this issue.) Cancer 2007;110:1024-32. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Sociery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Battelle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzs2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1032 DI 10.1002/cncr.22875 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 206NV UT WOS:000249191100013 PM 17628488 ER PT J AU Trivers, KF Gammon, MD Abrahamson, PE Lund, MJ Flagg, EW Moorman, PG Kaufman, JS Cai, JW Porter, PL Brinton, LA Eley, JW Coates, RJ AF Trivers, Katrina F. Gammon, Marilie D. Abrahamson, Page E. Lund, Mary Jo Flagg, Elaine W. Moorman, Patricia G. Kaufman, Jay S. Cai, Jianwen Porter, Peggy L. Brinton, Louise A. Eley, J. William Coates, Ralph J. TI Oral contraceptives and survival in breast cancer patients aged 20 to 54 years SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; BODY SIZE; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENCE; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; MORTALITY; STEROIDS; POTENCY AB Recent oral contraceptive (00 use is associated with modestly higher breast cancer incidence among younger women, but its impact on survival is unclear. This study examined the relationship between OC use before breast cancer diagnosis and survival. A population-based sample of 1,264 women aged 20 to 54 years with a first primary invasive breast cancer during 1990 to 1992 were followed up for 8 to 10 years. OC and covariate data were obtained by interviews conducted shortly after diagnosis and from medial records. All cause mortality was ascertained through the National Death Index (n = 292 deaths). Age- and income-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression methods. All-cause mortality was not associated with ever use of OCs or duration of use. Compared with nonusers, mortality estimates were elevated among women who were using OCs at diagnosis or stopped use in the previous year (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.95-2.61). The HR for use of high-dose estrogen pills within 5 years before diagnosis was double that of nonusers (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.29-4.41) or, if the most recent pill included the progestin levonorgestrel, compared with nonusers (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.03-3.91). Because subgroup estimates were based on small numbers of OC users, these results should be cautiously interpreted. Overall, most aspects of OC use did not seem to influence survival, although there is limited evidence that OC use just before diagnosis, particularly use of some pill types, may negatively impact survival in breast cancer patients aged 20 to 54 years. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Div Global Migrat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Quarantine, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Canc Prevent & Control Res Program, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NIH, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dept Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Trivers, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ktrivers@cdc.gov RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA57726, T32 CA09330]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1822 EP 1827 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0053 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213CN UT WOS:000249643600018 PM 17855700 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Turner, WE Patterson, DG AF Caudill, Samuel P. Turner, Wayman E. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Geometric mean estimation from pooled samples SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE limit of detection; log-normal; Organochlorine pesticides; PCBs; PCDD; PCDF; pooled samples ID DATA SETS; NONDETECTABLE VALUES; SERUM; POPULATION AB Biomonitoring for environmental chemicals presents various challenges due to the expense of measuring some compounds and the fact that in some samples the levels of many compounds may be below the limit of detection (LOD) of the measuring instrument. Even though various statistical methods have been developed to address issues associated with data being censored because results were below the LOD, the expense of measuring many compounds in large numbers of subjects remains a challenge. One solution to these challenges is to use pooled samples. There are many problems associated with the use of pooled samples as compared with individual samples, but using pooled samples can sometimes reduce the number of analytical measurements needed. Also, because pooled samples often have larger sample volumes, using pooled samples can result in lower LODs and thereby decrease the likelihood that results will be censored. However, many data sets obtained from environmental measurements have been shown to have a log-normal distribution, so using pooled samples presents a new problem: The measured value for a pooled sample is comparable to an arithmetic average of log-normal results and thus represents a biased estimate of the central tendency of the samples making up the pool. In this paper, we present a method for correcting the bias associated with using data from pooled samples with a log-normal distribution. We use simulation experiments to demonstrate how well the bias-correction method performs. We also present estimates for levels of PCB 153 and p,p'-DDE using data from pooled samples from the 2001 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SPCI@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.061 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211SZ UT WOS:000249544900003 PM 17618673 ER PT J AU Freels, S Chary, LK Turyk, M Piorkowski, J Mallin, K Dimos, J Anderson, H McCann, K Burse, V Persky, V AF Freels, Sally Chary, Lin Kaatz Turyk, Mary Piorkowski, Julie Mallin, Katherine Dimos, John Anderson, Henry McCann, Ken Burse, Virlyn Persky, Victoria TI Congener profiles of occupational PCB exposure versus PCB exposure from fish consumption SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCBs; congeners; occupational exposure; fish consumption; logistic regression ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; DERMAL ABSORPTION; MOHAWK WOMEN; HALF-LIFE; WORKERS; BLOOD; MORTALITY; AKWESASNE AB The composition of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in serum samples is compared between a cohort previously exposed to PCBs from working at a capacitor plant (n = 180) and a cohort of Great Lakes sport-caught fish caters (it = 217). Fourteen congeners were measured in both samples. A multiple logistic regression model differentiating the two groups as a function of relative proportions amongst congeners 74, 138, 153, 180, and 201 correctly classifies more than 99% of the people (395/397); higher proportions of congeners 74, 153, and 201 characterize capacitor plant workers, while higher proportions of congeners 138 and 180 characterize fish eaters. The pattern is driven by the relative amounts of 74 + 153 + 201 compared to 138 + 180; all of the fish eaters, but only 5% of the capacitor plant workers, have a greater percent of 138 + 180 than 74 + 153 + 201. Consideration of combinations of congener levels and their relative proportions is relevant to tracking route of exposure and may also be relevant to modeling effects on health outcomes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Bureau Environm Hlth, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freels, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1603 W Taylor St Room 953 M-C 922, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM sallyf@uic.edu OI Mallin, Katherine/0000-0001-9663-5702 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.087 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211SZ UT WOS:000249544900010 PM 17583774 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Anda, RF Edwards, VJ Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Giles, WH AF Brown, David W. Anda, Robert F. Edwards, Valerie J. Felitti, Vincent J. Dube, Shanta R. Giles, Wayne H. TI Adverse childhood experiences and childhood autobiographical memory disturbance SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE amnesia; child abuse ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; STRESS; ABUSE; NEUROBIOLOGY; SYSTEMS; BRAIN AB Objective: To examine relationships between childhood autobiographical memory disturbance (CAMD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which are defined as common forms of child maltreatment and related traumatic stressors. Methods: We use the ACE score (an integer count of eight different categories of ACEs) as a measure of cumulative exposure to traumatic stress during childhood. In a cross sectional analysis we assess the relationship of the ACE score to the prevalence of CAMD in a sample of 9,460 relatively healthy adults evaluated for wellness care at a southern California health maintenance organization between August 1995 and March 1996. In addition, we examined possible secular influences by examining association among each of four birth cohorts. Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted relative odds of CAMD associated with increasing ACE score. Results: Overall, the age-standardized prevalence of CAMD was 18% (men: 15%; women: 19%). As the ACE score increased, the prevalence of CAMD increased in a graded fashion for both men and women (p for trend <.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, adults with an ACE score > 6 were 5.9 (95% Cl, 4.4-7.9) times more likely to have CAMD compared to adults with an ACE score of 0. The prevalence of CAMD increased with each successive birth cohort, and graded relationships between the ACE score and CAMD were observed among each of the four birth cohorts though no statistical difference in the association was found across birth cohort. Conclusions: The accumulation of ACEs across several domains is associated CAMD among men and women and in each of four birth cohorts. Further research is needed that describes the prevalence of CAMD in population-based samples and that examines whether impaired memory is a marker for persons neurobiologically affected by multiple forms of child maltreatment and related traumatic stressors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 9 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.011 PG 9 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 228QX UT WOS:000250745700004 PM 17868865 ER PT J AU Smith, AM Amin, HS Biagini, RE Hamilton, RG Arif, SAM Yeang, HY Bernstein, DI AF Smith, A. M. Amin, H. S. Biagini, R. E. Hamilton, R. G. Arif, S. A. M. Yeang, H. Y. Bernstein, D. I. TI Percutaneous reactivity to natural rubber latex proteins persists in health-care workers following avoidance of natural rubber latex SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE health-care workers; Hev b; latex; latex allergy; natural rubber latex; skin prick test ID DENTAL SCHOOL STUDENTS; CONTACT URTICARIA; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; RISK-FACTORS; ALLERGY; SENSITIZATION; PREVALENCE; GLOVES; ANAPHYLAXIS AB Background Long-term avoidance of natural rubber latex [Hevea brasiliensis (Hev b)] is currently recommended for health-care workers (HCWs) with established natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy. Percutaneous sensitivity to eight Hev b NRL allergens was evaluated in HCWs in 2000. To date, no studies have evaluated the longitudinal effects of NRL avoidance on percutaneous sensitivity to NRL allergens. Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in percutaneous reactivity to non-ammoniated latex (NAL) and NRL allergens in HCWs 5 years after a recommendation to avoid NRL and to evaluate factors that predict the persistence of in vivo sensitivity to NAL and NRL allergens. Methods Skin prick testing was performed with NAL, seven NRL allergens (Hev b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.01, 7.01, and 13), and recombinant Hev b 5 (rHev b 5) in 34 HCWs who were initially evaluated in 2000 for occupationally related NRL allergy. Serial 10-fold dilutions of NAL and NRL allergens were employed in skin testing. Sera from the HCWs were assayed for latex and enhanced latex (rHev b 5-enriched allergosorbent)-specific IgE antibodies using the ImmunoCAP((R)) assay. Results The prevalence of work-related symptoms significantly decreased between 2000 and 2005 with avoidance of NRL (P < 0.05). A >= 100-fold reduction in percutaneous sensitivity to Hev b 2 and Hev b 7 was less likely in those with prior history of systemic reactions to NRL (P=0.0053), reported history of reaction to cross-reactive foods (P=0.014), continued local reactions to NRL gloves (P < 0.0001), or high NRL glove exposure since the initial study (P=0.0075). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the latex-specific IgE serology was 54% and 87.5%, respectively, in comparison with NAL skin tests. The addition of rHev b 5 to the ImmunoCAP((R)) (enhanced latex) allergosorbent altered the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ImmunoCAP((R)) to 77% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion While symptoms may resolve quickly with NRL avoidance therapy, detectable IgE indicating continued sensitization remains beyond 5 years, and thus continued avoidance of NRL should be recommended. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, Biotechnol & Strateg Res Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Smith, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy Immunol, 231 Albert Sabin Way,ML 0563, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM sa6@email.uc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI6051502]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1349 EP 1356 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02787.x PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 207LR UT WOS:000249253100013 PM 17845416 ER PT J AU Koskiniemi, M Lappalainen, M Schmid, DS Rubtcova, E Loparev, VN AF Koskiniemi, Marjaleena Lappalainen, Maija Schmid, D. Scott Rubtcova, Elena Loparev, Vladimir N. TI Genotypic analysis of varicella-zoster virus and its seroprevalence in Finland SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VACCINE STRAIN; OKA VACCINE; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION AB We evaluated the seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the Finnish population among various age groups and genetically characterized VZV strains from documented cases of varicella and zoster. VZV-specific immuntoglobulin G was measured in 2,842 serum samples that had been submitted for virological studies to the Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, from 1995 to 1996. Specimens for VZV genotyping were obtained from vesicular lesions from two pediatric patients and 26 adult patients. Seroprevalence to VZV varied markedly by age: 45% in children aged <= 2 months, 12.5% in children aged 6 to 8 months, and >90% in children near 10 years of age, plateauing thereafter into advanced age. The seroprevalence rates indicate that in Finland, as in other countries with temperate climates, primary VZV infection usually occurs during the first decade of life. Twenty-eight VZV DNA-positive specimens were analyzed to identify VZV vaccine and wild-type genotypes. All analyzed specimens were wild type and the European (E) genotype. C1 Univ Helsinki, Haartman Inst, Dept Virol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Univ Cent Hosp, Lab Div, Dept Virol, Helsinki, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Biol Prod Branch, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koskiniemi, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Haartman Inst, Dept Virol, POB 21,Jaartmaninkatu 3, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM Marjaleena.Koskiniemi@Helsinki.Fi OI Lappalainen, Maija/0000-0001-5400-1250 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1128/CVI.00348-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 210XH UT WOS:000249488400001 PM 17626161 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Cheshier, RC Cosentino, G Masri, HP Mock, V Oesterle, R Lanciotti, RS Martin, DA Panella, AJ Kosoy, O Biggerstaff, BJ AF Johnson, Alison J. Cheshier, Ronald C. Cosentino, Giorgio Masri, Heather P. Mock, Valerie Oesterle, Rebecca Lanciotti, Robert S. Martin, Denise A. Panella, Amanda J. Kosoy, Olga Biggerstaff, Brad J. TI Validation of a microsphere-based immunoassay for detection of anti-West Nile virus and anti-St. Louis encephalitis virus immunoglobulin M antibodies SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; CHALLENGE; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; VACCINE; IGG AB A microsphere-based immunoassay (MIA) was previously developed that is capable of determining the presence of anti-West Nile (WN) virus or anti-St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in human serum or cerebrospinal fluid. The original data set on which the classification rules were based comprised 491 serum specimens obtained from the serum bank at the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DVBID). The classification rules were used to provide a result and to determine whether confirmatory testing was necessary for a given sample. A validation study was coordinated between the DVBID and five state health laboratories to determine (i) the reproducibility of the test between different laboratories, (ii) the correlation between the IgM-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the MIA, and (iii) whether the initial nonspecific parameters could be refined to reduce the volume of confirmatory testing. Laboratorians were trained in the method, and reagents and data analysis software developed at the DVBID were shipped to each validating laboratory. Validating laboratories performed tests on approximately 200 samples obtained from their individual states, the collections of which comprised approximately equal numbers of WN virus-positive and -negative samples, as determined by MAGELISA. In addition, 377 samples submitted to the DVBID for arbovirus testing were analyzed using the MIA and MAGELISA at the DVBID only. For the specimens tested at both the state and the DVBID laboratories, a correlation of results indicated that the technology is readily transferable between laboratories. The detection of IgM antibodies to WN virus was more consistent than detection of IgM antibodies to SLE virus. Some changes were made to the analysis software that resulted in an improved accuracy of diagnosis. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, DVBID, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enteric Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Bur State Lab Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. Commonwealth Virginia Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Florida Dept Hlth Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, DVBID, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enteric Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3150 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ajj1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1084 EP 1093 DI 10.1128/CVI.00115-07 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 210XH UT WOS:000249488400005 PM 17609393 ER PT J AU Rajam, G Carlone, GM Romero-Steiner, S AF Rajam, Gowrisankar Carlone, George M. Romero-Steiner, Sandra TI Functional antibodies to the o-acetylated pneumcoccal serotype 15B capsular polysaccharide have low cross-reactivities with serotype 15C SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; DISEASE; INFECTION; INFANTS; TRIAL AB The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (Ps) vaccine offer protection against vaccine serotypes, but its cross-protection against vaccine-related serotypes is variable. We have demonstrated that the functional antibodies to serotype 15B are specific to the O-acetylated 15B-Ps and that they have low cross-reactivity with serotype 15C. Demonstration of functionally cross-reactive antibodies to vaccine-related serotypes is important for surveillance and vaccine development. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Sect, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Sect, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSteiner@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1227 DI 10.1128/CVI.00184-07 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 210XH UT WOS:000249488400022 PM 17609392 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Myers, GL Eckfeldt, JH AF Miller, W. Greg Myers, Gary L. Eckfeldt, John H. TI A recommended improvement for specifying and estimating serum, creatinine performance - Response SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, POB 980286, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1716 EP 1717 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.093567 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 206OP UT WOS:000249193100025 ER PT J AU Sunenshine, RH Tan, ET Terashita, DM Jensen, BJ Kacica, MA Sickbert-Bennett, EE Noble-Wang, JA Palmieri, MJ Bopp, DJ Jernigan, DB Kazakova, S Bresnitz, EA Tan, CG McDonald, LC AF Sunenshine, Rebecca H. Tan, Esther T. Terashita, Dawn M. Jensen, Bette J. Kacica, Marilyn A. Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E. Noble-Wang, Judith A. Palmieri, Michael J. Bopp, Dianna J. Jernigan, Daniel B. Kazakova, Sophia Bresnitz, Eddy A. Tan, Christina G. McDonald, L. Clifford TI A multistate outbreak of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection associated with contaminated intravenous magnesium sulfate from a compounding pharmacy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID EPIDEMIC SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE AB Background. In contrast to pharmaceutical manufacturers, compounding pharmacies adhere to different quality-control standards, which may increase the likelihood of undetected outbreaks. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of cases of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection occurring in patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures in Los Angeles, California, and in New Jersey. An investigation was initiated to determine whether there was a common underlying cause. Methods. A matched case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles. Case record review and environmental testing were conducted in New Jersey. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed a multistate case-finding investigation; isolates were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. Results. Nationally distributed magnesium sulfate solution (MgSO4) from compounding pharmacy X was the only significant risk factor for S. marcescens bloodstream infection ( odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-38.3) among 6 Los Angeles case patients and 18 control subjects. Five New Jersey case patients received MgSO4 from a single lot produced by compounding pharmacy X; culture of samples from open and unopened 50-mL bags in this lot yielded S. marcescens. Seven additional case patients from 3 different states were identified. Isolates from all 18 case patients and from samples of MgSO4 demonstrated indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Compounding pharmacy X voluntarily recalled the product. Neither the pharmacy nor the US Food and Drug Administration could identify a source of contamination in their investigations of compounding pharmacy X. Conclusions. A multistate outbreak of S. marcescens bloodstream infection was linked to contaminated MgSO4 distributed nationally by a compounding pharmacy. Health care personnel should take into account the different quality standards and regulation of compounded parenteral medications distributed in large quantities during investigations of outbreaks of bloodstream infection. C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, New York, NY USA. US FDA, NE Reg Lab, Jamaica, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sunenshine, RH (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 150 N 18th Ave,Ste 150, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM Sunensr@azdhs.gov NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1086/520664 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LM UT WOS:000248557000010 PM 17682984 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CE Hill, V Lynch, MF AF O'Reilly, Ciara E. Hill, Vincent Lynch, Michael F. TI Water source outbreaks, policy, and the South Bass Island investigation - Reply to Brett-Major and Brett-Major SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Fooborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Reilly, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Fooborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM coreilly@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 667 EP 667 DI 10.1086/521971 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LM UT WOS:000248557000035 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Shay, DK AF Fiore, Anthony E. Shay, David K. TI Comment and update on influenza prevention and treatment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Mailstop A22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afiore@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 670 EP 671 DI 10.1086/5219/1 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LM UT WOS:000248557000039 PM 17683014 ER PT J AU Rehm, SJ Weber, JT AF Rehm, Susan J. Weber, J. Todd TI The far-reaching impact of antimicrobial resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIONS C1 Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rehm, SJ (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Dept Infect Dis, Desk S32,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM rehms@ccf.org NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 45 SU 2 BP S97 EP S98 DI 10.1086/519260 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 198VG UT WOS:000248655000001 PM 17683021 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Caudill, SP AF Wang, R. Y. Caudill, S. P. TI Gender-related differences in phenanthrene metabolism in adults SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 25 BP 609 EP 609 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900026 ER PT J AU Schier, JG Wolkin, AF Belson, MG Kieszak, SM Valentin-Blasini, L Rubin, CS Blount, BC AF Schier, J. G. Wolkin, A. F. Belson, M. G. Kieszak, S. M. Valentin-Blasini, L. Rubin, C. S. Blount, B. C. TI Perchlorate concentrations and reconstituted infant formula: Comparisons with the perchlorate reference dose (RfD) SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 29 BP 610 EP 610 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900030 ER PT J AU Ruha, AM Curry, SC Gerkin, RD Caldwell, KL Osterloh, J Wax, P AF Ruha, A. M. Curry, S. C. Gerkin, R. D. Caldwell, K. L. Osterloh, J. Wax, P. TI Effect of fish consumption on urine Hg excretion after DMSA SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Banner Good Samaritan Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Med Sch, Dallas, TX USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 106 BP 623 EP 624 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900106 ER PT J AU Schier, J Wolkin, A Belson, M Fajardo, G Dodson, C Caldwell, K Jones, R Osterloh, J Heninger, M Rubin, C AF Schier, J. Wolkin, A. Belson, M. Fajardo, G. Dodson, C. Caldwell, K. Jones, R. Osterloh, J. Heninger, M. Rubin, C. TI Post-mortem blood cadmium, lead and mercury levels: Comparisons with regard to sampling location and reference ranges for living persons SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 144 BP 630 EP 630 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900144 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Johnson, RL Thomas, RG AF Thomas, K. E. Johnson, R. L. Thomas, R. G. TI The poisoning indicators from the state injury indicators report SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 179 BP 636 EP 636 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900179 ER PT J AU Wolkin, AF Schier, JG Rubin, CS Caldwell, K Williams, L AF Wolkin, A. F. Schier, J. G. Rubin, C. S. Caldwell, K. Williams, L. TI Elevated blood mercury concentrations in people consuming fish front areas with a high environmental burden of mercury SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 231 BP 645 EP 645 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900231 ER PT J AU Hollier, M Whistler, T Dawson, C Vernon, SD AF Hollier, Mark Whistler, Toni Dawson, Carolyn Vernon, Suzanne D. TI Two optimized combination assays to examine apoptosis pathways in clinical samples SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; flow cytometry; combination; multiparameter; PBMC; limited cell number; clinical samples ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; MULTIPARAMETER FLOW-CYTOMETRY; TCR DOWN-REGULATION; CELL-DEATH; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; CASPASE INHIBITORS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; WILD-TYPE; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION AB A consequence of a number of diseases is an alteration in apoptosis. Currently, there is no single assay that measures the main stages of apoptosis, requiring that multiple assays be performed. This hinders studies on clinical samples that have limited cell numbers. Our objective was to combine and optimize assays that target specific stages of apoptosis for use in a typical clinical blood sample. Two flow cytometric assays were developed for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected in two 8-ml tubes from a single draw. One measures caspase-12 activity, the level of active caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. The second assesses depolarization of the mitochondria and phosphatidylserine externalization. Cell populations present within the samples were determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was validated by ELISA. Each assay was optimized for use with cell numbers and sample volumes typical of clinical blood samples. Each combination assay effectively distinguished apoptotic from nonapoptotic blood cells. This combined optimized method comprised of two independent assays makes it possible to assay the major pathways of apoptosis in addition to determining the blood cell subsets that are affected. Published 2007 NViley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control, STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Prevent, STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Whistler, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Chron Viral Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G41, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM twhistler@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71A IS 9 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20422 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 206MO UT WOS:000249187800008 PM 17623880 ER PT J AU Shim, YK Vogt, RF Middleton, D Abbasi, F Slade, B Lee, KY Marti, GE AF Shim, Youn K. Vogt, Robert F. Middleton, Dan Abbasi, Fatima Slade, Barbara Lee, Kyung Y. Marti, Gerald E. TI Prevalence and natural history of monoclonal and polyclonal B-Cell lymphocytosis in a residential adult population SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis; MBL; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; B-cell lymphoproliferative disease; hazardous waste sites; follow-up study ID GENE MUTATION STATUS; IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS; CD38 EXPRESSION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LEUKEMIA; DISEASE; BLOOD; LYMPHOMA; CLL; PROGRESSION AB Background: Monoclonal B-cells can be detected in the peripheral blood of some adults without B-cell malignancies, a condition recently termed monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). The risk of individuals with MBL progressing to a B-cell malignancy is unknown. Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PCBL) has not been systematically studied in the general population. Methods: We obtained lymphocyte subset counts on 1,926 residential adults aged 40-76 years in a series of environmental health studies between 1991 and 1994. We then conducted two follow-ups in 1997 and 2003 on consenting participants with B-cell lymphocytosis, which included nine participants with MBL. To ascertain the clinical implications of MBL, we reviewed medical records and death certificates. Results: The overall prevalence of MBL was 0.57% (11/1,926): nine cases at baseline and two additional cases identified at follow-up. Two (19%) MBL cases subsequently developed a B-cell malignancy; MBL persisted in the remaining nine cases (81%). All PCBL cases where no clone emerged regressed to normal B-cell counts over the follow-up period. MBL was significantly more frequent in residents near a hazardous waste site than in the control populations (age-adjusted OR 6.2; 95%CI 1.1-36.2). Conclusion: MBL confers an elevated risk for developing a B-cell malignancy, although it occurs only in a minority of cases. PCBL is most often a transient state, but a monoclonal population can emerge and persist. Prospective studies are needed to distinguish stable from progressive forms of B-cell lymphocytosis and to clarify the etiologic role of environmental exposures. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapeut, US FDA, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Pharmacoepidemiol & Stat Sci, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Shim, YK (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yshim@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72B IS 5 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.20174 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 205HJ UT WOS:000249104300006 PM 17266153 ER PT J AU Cheng, YJ Gregg, EW De Rekeneire, N Williams, DE Imperatore, G Caspersen, CJ Kahn, HS AF Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. De Rekeneire, Nathalie Williams, Desmond E. Imperatore, Giuseppina Caspersen, Carl J. Kahn, Henry S. TI Musclem-strengthening activity and its association with insulin sensitivity SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NONDIABETIC POPULATION; WEIGHT-LOSS; OLDER MEN; RESISTANCE; EXERCISE AB OBJECTIVE - Muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) may increase insulin sensitivity, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between MSAs and insulin sensitivity among American adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data on 4,504 adults without diabetes, aged 20-79 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 and had information on MSAs. Self-reported frequency (times/week) of MSAs was grouped as low (< 1), moderate (1-2.9), or high (>= 3). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the fasting quantitative insulin sensitivity check index X 100 (QUICKI). RESULTS - After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, physical activity other than MSAs, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and daily total caloric intake, the mean values for QUICKI by low, moderate, and high MSA were 33.6, 33.9, and 34.2, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.008) for men and 34.2, 34.6, 34.6, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.009) for women. Mean fasting insulin (picomols per liter) concentrations were 75.0, 68.9, and 65.9, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.017) for men and 66.9, 63.3, 61.2, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.007) for women. There were no significant differences across MSA groups for fasting glucose among men or women. CONCLUSIONS - MSA is independently associated with higher insulin sensitivity among U.S. adults. Efforts to increase MSA may be a realistic, feasible, and effective method of reducing insulin resistance among the U.S. population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cheng, YJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4700 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yccl@cdc.gov RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2264 EP 2270 DI 10.2337/dc07-0372 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 210IA UT WOS:000249448700019 PM 17586746 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Gu, Q Williams, D De Rekeneire, N Cheng, YJ Geiss, L Engelgau, M AF Gregg, Edward W. Gu, Qiuping Williams, Desmond De Rekeneire, Nathalie Cheng, Yiling J. Geiss, Linda Engelgau, Michael TI Prevalence of lower extremity diseases associated with normal glucose levels, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes among US adults aged 40 or older SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE peripheral arterial disease; peripheral neuropathy (PN); national health and nutrition examination survey ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; FOOT ULCERS; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; VASCULAR-DISEASE; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION; ULCERATION AB Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) are serious complications of diabetes, but early detection and intervention may reduce this morbidity. The degree to which PAD and PN develop before diabetes diagnosis has not been established among a representative sample of U.S. adults. Objective: To compare the prevalence of lower extremity diseases (LEDs) among U.S. adults aged 40 or older with previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and normal glucose levels. Research design and methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of a nationally representative sample of 3607 U.S. adults from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and interview responses: normal glucose levels (FPG < 100 mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; FPG 100-125 mg/dl), undiagnosed diabetes (FPG >= 126 and no self-reported diabetes), and diagnosed diabetes. PN was assessed by monofilament testing at three sites on each foot and defined as > 1 insensate area. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial blood pressure index < 0.9. Any LED was defined as the presence of PAD or PN or a history of non-healing ulcer or amputation. Results: The prevalence of PN was lowest among persons with normal glucose (10.5%) and IFG (11.9%) and highest among those with undiagnosed (16.6%) and diagnosed diabetes (19.4%). PAD prevalence was also lowest among persons with normal glucose (3.9%), similar among those with IFG (5.4%), and significantly higher among those with undiagnosed (9.2%) and diagnosed diabetes (7.5%). Any LED was present in about 27% of persons with both undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes. Conclusions: LED prevalence was nearly as high among persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes as among those with diagnosed diabetes, but it was not appreciably higher among persons with impaired fasting glucose than among those with normal glucose levels. These results suggest that LED detection efforts should be focused on persons with diabetes, including those with undiagnosed diabetes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4700 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.005 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 210UE UT WOS:000249480300024 PM 17306411 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Davidson, WB Curns, AT Conover, CS Huhn, G Davis, JP Wegner, M Croft, DR Newman, A Obiesie, NN Hansen, GR Hays, PL Pontones, P Beard, B Teclaw, R Howell, JF Braden, Z Holman, RC Karem, KL Damon, IK AF Reynolds, Mary G. Davidson, Whitni B. Curns, Aaron T. Conover, Craig S. Huhn, Gregory Davis, Jeffrey P. Wegner, Mark Croft, Donita R. Newman, Alexandra Obiesie, Nkolika N. Hansen, Gail R. Hays, Patrick L. Pontones, Pamela Beard, Brad Teclaw, Robert Howell, James F. Braden, Zachary Holman, Robert C. Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. TI Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE DOGS; VIRUS; DISEASE; ZAIRE; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; MACAQUES; IMMUNITY; AREA AB For the 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the United States, interhuman transmission was not documented and all case-patients were near or handled MPXV-infected prairie dogs. We initiated a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for animal-to-human MPXV transmission. Participants completed a questionnaire requesting exposure, clinical, and demographic information. Serum samples were obtained for analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM to orthopoxvirus. When data were adjusted for smallpox vaccination, case-patients were more likely than controls to have had daily exposure to a sick animal (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.2-13.4), cleaned cages and bedding of a sick animal (OR 5.3, 95% Cl 1.4-20.7), or touched a sick animal (OR 4.0, 95% Cl 1.2-13.4). These findings demonstrate that human MPXV infection is associated with handling of MPXV-infected animals and suggest that exposure to excretions and secretions of infected animals can result in infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1332 EP 1339 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205XM UT WOS:000249148500009 PM 18252104 ER PT J AU Keysary, A Massung, RF Inbar, M Wallach, AD Shanas, U Mumcuoglu, KY Waner, T AF Keysary, Avi Massung, Robert F. Inbar, Moshe Wallach, Arian D. Shanas, Uri Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y. Waner, Trevor TI Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Israel SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TICKS; INFECTIONS; IXODIDAE; ANIMALS; GOATS AB Sequences from the Anaplasma phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus turanicus, and Boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Mount Carmel, Israel. The sequences were all identical to those of Ap-variant 1 strain. C1 Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70400 Ness Ziona, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Keysary, A (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, POB 19, IL-70400 Ness Ziona, Israel. EM avik@iibr.gov.il OI Wallach, Arian/0000-0001-9689-0092 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1411 EP 1412 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205XM UT WOS:000249148500030 PM 18252125 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Nature hath fram'd strange fellows in her time SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1443 EP 1444 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205XM UT WOS:000249148500045 ER PT J AU Balluz-S, L Wen-Xiao, J AF Balluz-S, L. Wen-Xiao, J. TI Linking BRFSS and air quality data, impact of air pollutions to health behaviors SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300010 ER PT J AU Batts, D Fleischauer, A Noe, R Welkin, A Rubin, C Wise, W AF Batts, D. Fleischauer, A. Noe, R. Welkin, A. Rubin, C. Wise, W. TI Improving post natural disaster surveillance for effective decision making SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S83 EP S84 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300268 ER PT J AU Biggs, ML Eaton, DL Weiss, NS Chen, CJ Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Biggs, M. L. Eaton, D. L. Weiss, N. S. Chen, C. J. Barr, D. B. Needham, L. L. TI Serum p,p'-DDE, androgen receptor polymorphisms, and risk of testicular germ cell carcinoma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S166 EP S167 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300546 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Marks, A Samuels, S Needham, L Mocarelli, P AF Eskenazi, B. Warner, M. Marks, A. Samuels, S. Needham, L. Mocarelli, P. TI Dioxin exposure and time to pregnancy in Seveso SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S165 EP S166 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300543 ER PT J AU Harley, K Marks, A Bradman, A Barr, D Eskenazi, B AF Harley, K. Marks, A. Bradman, A. Barr, D. Eskenazi, B. TI Maternal DDT and DDE exposure and time to pregnancy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S165 EP S165 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300542 ER PT J AU Harnly, M Castorina, R Bradman, A Montesano, M Barr, D Eskenazi, B AF Harnly, M. Castorina, R. Bradman, A. Montesano, M. Barr, D. Eskenazi, B. TI Exposures to bisdithiocarbarnate fungicides among a pregnant Latina population living in an agricultural area SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300519 ER PT J AU Kalkbrenner, A Lanphear, B Hammond, SK Hornung, R Bernert, JT AF Kalkbrenner, A. Lanphear, B. Hammond, S. K. Hornung, R. Bernert, J. T. TI Determinants of serum cotinine as a biomarker of childhood environmental tobacco smoke exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300535 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Harley, K Bradman, A Fenster, L Barr, D AF Warner, M. Eskenazi, B. Harley, K. Bradman, A. Fenster, L. Barr, D. TI In utero DDT exposure and prevalence of child SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S66 EP S66 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300208 ER PT J AU Wells, E Goldman, L Caldwell, K Jones-L, R Apelberg, B Herbstman, J AF Wells, E. Goldman, L. Caldwell, K. Jones-L, R. Apelberg, B. Herbstman, J. TI Modeling low level cord blood lead exposure and maternal blood pressure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300565 ER PT J AU Wolff, M Engel, S Doucette, J Berkowitz, G Voho, A Calafat, A AF Wolff, M. Engel, S. Doucette, J. Berkowitz, G. Voho, A. Calafat, A. TI Prenatal phthalate and phenol exposures in relation to birth outcomes in a NYC birth cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300204 ER PT J AU Wolkin, A AF Wolkin, A. TI Tri-national comparisons of maternal levels of persistent organic pollutants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S67 EP S67 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300211 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Ford, ES Link, M Bolen, JC AF Ahluwalia, Indu B. Ford, Earl S. Link, Michael Bolen, Julie C. TI Acculturation, weight, and weight-related behaviors among Mexican Americans in the United States SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mexican American; acculturation; weight; behavior ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HISPANICS; OBESITY; US; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; IMMIGRANTS; SMOKING; SAMPLE AB Objective: This analysis explores the association between acculturation and body weight, self-perceptions of weight, and attempt to lose weight among Mexican Americans. Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2001-2002. Indicator of acculturation used was language assimilation. Factor analysis was used to construct the acculturation measure, and descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted using SUDAAN. Results: The acculturation measure differentiated body weight, weight-related behavior, and self-perceptions about weight. Those lower on the acculturation scale were less likely to have a high BMI (>= 30) (24% vs 32%), and their perceptions of their own weight, desired weight, and recent history of trying to lose weight differed significantly from those persons high on the acculturation scale and these varied by sex. Among Mexican Americans with a BMI 25, those lower on the acculturation measure were significantly less likely to perceive themselves as overweight (60% vs 73%). They were also less likely to have attempted to lose weight in the past year than those who were high on the acculturation measure (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31-0.79). Conclusions: Less acculturated Mexican Americans with BMI >= 25 were less likely to perceive themselves as overweight and to have tried to lose weight. The acculturation measure provides insights into Mexican Americans' perceptions of their own weight and their recent attempt of trying to lose weight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 233UK UT WOS:000251115600008 PM 18072373 ER PT J AU Moro, CA Denny, CH McGuire, LC Balluz, LS Goins, RT Mokdad, AH AF Moro, Catherine A. Denny, Clark H. McGuire, Lisa C. Balluz, Lina S. Goins, R. Turner Mokdad, Ali H. TI Disability among older American Indians and Alaska Natives: Disparities in prevalence, health-risk behaviors, obesity, and chronic conditions SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE older adults; American Indians; Alaska natives; disabilities; BRFSS ID FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; WOMEN; LIFE; DISABLEMENT; PREDICTORS AB Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of disabilities among older American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and compare these estimates with those of other major racial/ ethnic groups. To estimate, within the population with disabilities, the health-risk behaviors, obesity, and chronic conditions of older AIANs and compare them with estimates for other racial/ethnic groups. Design: State-based surveillance system that collects data on a monthly basis using an independent probability sample of households with telephones among the noninstitutionalized population aged >= 18 years. Methods: We analyzed data on 434,972 noninstitutionalized adults aged >= 50 years from the 2003-2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Among older AIAN adults, the un-adjusted prevalence of disability (38.4%) was higher than among Whites (29.7%), Blacks (33.5%), Asians (15.6%), and Hispanics (26.9%). Among older adults with disabilities, AIANs were younger than their counterparts in other groups and were as likely to be male as female. After adjustment for age and self-rated health, both AIAN men and women with disabilities had the highest prevalence of current smoking, heart disease, and asthma. Conclusions: Efforts to prevent, delay, and reduce disabilities and associated secondary conditions in persons with disabilities must be culturally sensitive and targeted toward reducing racial/ethnic disparities in health-risk behaviors and chronic conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Moro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X EI 1945-0826 J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 233UK UT WOS:000251115600015 ER PT J AU Cardis, E Richardson, L Deltour, I Armstrong, B Feychting, M Johansen, C Kilkenny, M McKinney, P Modan, B Sadetzki, S Schuz, J Swerdlow, A Vrijheid, M Auvinen, A Berg, G Blettner, M Bowman, J Brown, J Chetrit, A Christensen, HC Cook, A Hepworth, S Giles, G Hours, M Iavarone, I Jarus-Hakak, A Klaeboe, L Krewski, D Lagorio, S Lonn, S Mann, S McBride, M Muir, K Nadon, L Parent, ME Pearce, N Salminen, T Schoemaker, M Schlehofer, B Siemiatycki, J Taki, M Takebayashi, T Tynes, T van Tongeren, M Vecchia, P Wiart, J Woodward, A Yamaguchi, N AF Cardis, Elisabeth Richardson, Lesley Deltour, Isabelle Armstrong, Bruce Feychting, Maria Johansen, Christoffer Kilkenny, Monique McKinney, Patricia Modan, Baruch Sadetzki, Siegal Schuez, Joachim Swerdlow, Anthony Vrijheid, Martine Auvinen, Anssi Berg, Gabriele Blettner, Maria Bowman, Joseph Brown, Julianne Chetrit, Angela Christensen, Helle Collatz Cook, Angus Hepworth, Sarah Giles, Graham Hours, Martine Iavarone, Ivano Jarus-Hakak, Avital Klaeboe, Lars Krewski, Daniel Lagorio, Susanna Loenn, Stefan Mann, Simon McBride, Mary Muir, Kenneth Nadon, Louise Parent, Marie-Elise Pearce, Neil Salminen, Tiina Schoemaker, Minouk Schlehofer, Brigitte Siemiatycki, Jack Taki, Masao Takebayashi, Toru Tynes, Tore van Tongeren, Martie Vecchia, Paolo Wiart, Joe Woodward, Alistair Yamaguchi, Naohito TI The INTERPHONE study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mobile phones; case-control; methods; study design; cancer; benign tumours; brain tumours; acoustic neurinoma; parotid gland tumours ID MOBILE PHONE USE; CELLULAR-TELEPHONE USE; ACOUSTIC NEUROMA; BRAIN-TUMORS; CORDLESS TELEPHONES; SELECTION BIAS; CANCER-RISK; MENINGIOMA; GLIOMA; EXPOSURE AB The very rapid worldwide increase in mobile phone use in the last decade has generated considerable interest in the possible health effects of exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields. A multinational case-control study, INTERPHONE, was set-up to investigate whether mobile phone use increases the risk of cancer and, more specifically, whether the RF fields emitted by mobile phones are carcinogenic. The study focused on tumours arising in the tissues most exposed to RF fields from mobile phones: glioma, meningioma, acoustic neurinoma and parotid gland tumours. In addition to a detailed history of mobile phone use, information was collected on a number of known and potential risk factors for these tumours. The study was conducted in 13 countries. Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the UK using a common core protocol. This paper describes the study design and methods and the main characteristics of the study population. INTERPHONE is the largest case-control study to date investigating risks related to mobile phone use and to other potential risk factors for the tumours of interest and includes 2,765 glioma, 2,425 meningioma, 1,121 acoustic neurinoma, 109 malignant parotid gland tumour cases and 7,658 controls. Particular attention was paid to estimating the amount and direction of potential recall and participation biases and their impact on the study results. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Canc, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Danish Canc Soc, Inst Canc Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Canc Council Victoria, Canc Epidemiol Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Leeds, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostats, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Med Biostats Epidemiol & Informat, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Inst Canc Res, Sutton, Surrey, England. Tampere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Bielefeld, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Publ Hlth, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Cardis, E (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. EM cardis@iarc.fr RI Takebayashi, Toru/K-7526-2013; Armstrong, Bruce/K-9464-2015; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; OI Giles, Graham/0000-0003-4946-9099; Fleming, Sarah/0000-0002-7655-4806; Takebayashi, Toru/0000-0002-8268-8026; Armstrong, Bruce/0000-0001-8940-7525; Kilkenny, Monique/0000-0002-3375-287X; Schoemaker, Minouk/0000-0001-8403-2234; Pearce, Neil/0000-0002-9938-7852; Woodward, Alistair/0000-0001-5425-6018; Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818; Vrijheid, Martine/0000-0002-7090-1758 NR 50 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 647 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9152-z PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 210GM UT WOS:000249444700010 PM 17636416 ER PT J AU Scinicariello, F De Rosa, CT AF Scinicariello, Franco De Rosa, Christopher T. TI Genetic heterogeneity and its effect on susceptibility to environmental factors SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE genetic polymorphism; xenobiotic; risk assessment ID DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; S-TRANSFERASE POLYMORPHISMS; DEHYDRATASE POLYMORPHISM; BLADDER-CANCER; CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE; SMELTER WORKERS; METHYL-BROMIDE; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VITRO AB For many years, human susceptibility to xenobiotics has been known to show wide variations, often on a geographic basis. These insights can be used to identify potentially sensitive populations and provide early prediction of adverse outcomes. A proposed framework to guide the use of such data in risk assessment for vulnerable populations is also presented. Genetic differences play an important role in susceptibility to certain exposures. In the biotransformation process, a xenobiotic undergoes a two-phase process. In the phase I reaction, enzymes from the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family oxidize foreign substances to form high-energy, reactive intermediates. In the phase II reaction, the reactive metabolites are conjugated to form non-reactive, water-soluble molecules that can be more easily transported and excreted from the body. Mutations in the CYP genes may result in an altered metabolism of the xenobiotic substances. Mutations in genes coding for phase II enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases and N-acetyltransferases, may also lead to decreased catalytic efficiency for the detoxification of a particular xenobiotic and thus increase its toxicity. Several polymorphisms of these enzymes have been implicated for susceptibility to potential chemical carcinogens. These polymorphisms differ in frequencies and in prevalence by geographic distribution. Given its biological significance, genetic heterogeneity and its global variation should be explicitly addressed in conducting risk assessments for vulnerable populations in different regions of the world. C1 [Scinicariello, Franco] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scinicariello, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, MS F-32,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fes6@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATTIOLI 1885 PI FIDENZA PA VIA CODURO 1-B, FIDENZA, 43046 PR, ITALY SN 1128-6598 J9 EUR J ONCOL JI Eur. J. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 155 EP 170 PG 16 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 343TH UT WOS:000258877600002 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Cully, JF Bala, T Ray, C Collinge, SK AF Bai, Ying Kosoy, Michael Y. Cully, Jack F. Bala, Thiagarajan Ray, Chris Collinge, Sharon K. TI Acquisition of nonspecific Bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; disease ecology; grasshopper mouse; Onychomys leucogaster; jump ID RODENT-ASSOCIATED BARTONELLA; SP-NOV; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTHERN CHINA; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS; GRAHAMII; PATIENT; INFECTIONS AB Rodent-associated Bartonella species are generally host-specific parasites in North America. Here evidence that Bartonella species can 'jump' between host species is presented. Northern grasshopper mice and other rodents were trapped in the western USA. A study of Bartonella infection in grasshopper mice demonstrated a high prevalence that varied from 25% to 90% by location. Bartonella infection was detected in other rodent species with a high prevalence as well. Sequence analyses of gltA identified 29 Bartonella variants in rodents, 10 of which were obtained from grasshopper mice. Among these 10, only six variants were specific to grasshopper mice, whereas four were identical to variants specific to deer mice or 13-lined ground squirrels. Fourteen of 90 sequenced isolates obtained from grasshopper mice were strains found more commonly in other rodent species and were apparently acquired from these animals. The ecological behavior of grasshopper mice may explain the occurrence of Bartonella strains in occasional hosts. The observed rate at which Bartonella jumps from a donor host species to the grasshopper mouse was directly proportional to a metric of donor host density and to the prevalence of Bartonella in the donor host, and inversely proportional to the same parameters for the grasshopper mouse. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM bby5@cdc.gov OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 438 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 203GA UT WOS:000248961900005 PM 17672850 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; STATES; FOOD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.9997 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 212ZW UT WOS:000249636700001 PM 17883309 ER PT J AU Parsons, MB Cooper, KLF Kubota, KA Puhr, N Simington, S Calimlim, PS Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Bopp, C Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Ribot, EM AF Parsons, M. B. Cooper, K. L. F. Kubota, K. A. Puhr, N. Simington, S. Calimlim, P. S. Schoonmaker-Bopp, D. Bopp, C. Swaminathan, B. Gerner-Smidt, P. Ribot, E. M. TI PulseNet USA standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for Subtyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC SPREAD; UNITED-STATES; O3-K6 CLONE; STRAINS; EMERGENCE; INFECTIONS; SHELLFISH; OYSTERS; PCR AB PulseNet is a national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance composed of public health and food regulatory agencies. Participants employ molecular subtyping of foodborne pathogens using a standardized method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for conducting laboratory-based surveillance of foodborne pathogens. The PulseNet standardized PFGE protocols are developed through a comprehensive testing process. The reproducibility of the protocol undergoes an internal evaluation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and an external evaluation in multiple PulseNet laboratories. Here we describe the development and evaluation of a rapid PFGE protocol for subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus for use in PulseNet activities. The protocol was derived from the existing standardized PulseNet protocols for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae. An external evaluation of this protocol was undertaken in collaboration with three PulseNet USA participating public health laboratories. Comparative analysis of the PFGE fingerprints generated by each of these laboratories demonstrated that the protocol is both reliable and reproducible in the hands of multiple users. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Bureau Clin Lab, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, State Labs Div, Bioterrorism Response Lab, Pearl City, HI USA. Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Ribot, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eyr4@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0089 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 212ZW UT WOS:000249636700004 PM 17883312 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Mulle, JG Allen, AS Epstein, MP Warren, ST AF Satten, G. A. Mulle, J. G. Allen, A. S. Epstein, M. P. Warren, S. T. TI Simple methods for high-density copy number variation data SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY SEP 07-10, 2007 CL York, ENGLAND SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RI Warren, Stephen/A-2498-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 MA 25 BP 612 EP 612 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 210SP UT WOS:000249476200033 ER PT J AU Keppel, K Bilheimer, L Gurley, L AF Keppel, Kenneth Bilheimer, Linda Gurley, Leda TI Improving population health and reducing health care disparities SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB The first goal of Healthy People 2010, to increase quality and years of healthy life, does not necessarily coincide with the second goal, to eliminate disparities among population groups. Improvement in the health of the total population without any reduction in relative disparities among racial and ethnic groups was the most frequent outcome at mid-decade for population-based Healthy People objectives. Strategies to maximize improvement in overall population health may have little or no impact on relative disparities or, indeed, may cause them to increase. An independent commitment to eliminating disparities may be necessary. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Keppel, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. EM kgk1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1292 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1281 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 209WZ UT WOS:000249420000012 PM 17848438 ER PT J AU Kallen, A Woloshin, S Shu, J Juhl, E Schwartz, L AF Kallen, Alexander Woloshin, Steven Shu, Jennifer Juhl, Ellen Schwartz, Lisa TI Direct-to-consumer advertisements for HIV antiretroviral medications: A progress report SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AB Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertisements for HIV antiretrovirals are controversial and have been criticized in the past for including deceptive images and underplaying HIV drug limitations. We sought to describe the state of recent DTC ads for HIV antiretrovirals in popular magazines by performing a content analysis of all complete DTC ads for antiretroviral medications appearing in eight national magazines during a one-year period. Current ads appear to have addressed previous concerns, but important problems still exist, such as failing to specify the medication's role in current treatment, to quantify drug efficacy, or to highlight life-threatening side effects. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, VA Outcomes Grp, White River Jct, VT USA. Childrens Med Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Kallen, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alexkallen@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1398 DI 10.1377/hithaff.26.5.13921 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 209WZ UT WOS:000249420000024 PM 17848450 ER PT J AU Vijayaraghavan, M Martin, RM Sangrujee, N Kimani, GN Oyombe, S Kalu, A Runyago, A Wanjau, G Cairns, L Muchiri, SN AF Vijayaraghavan, Maya Martin, Rebecca M. Sangrujee, Nalinee Kimani, Geoffrey N. Oyombe, Sammy Kalu, Akpaka Runyago, Alfred Wanjau, George Cairns, Lisa Muchiri, Steven N. TI Measles supplemental immunization activities improve measles vaccine coverage and equity: Evidence from Kenya, 2002 SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE measles; supplemental immunization activities; equity; Kenya ID HEALTH; INEQUALITIES; BANGLADESH; PROGRAMS AB Objectives: To compare the measles vaccine coverage achieved through the routine vaccination program with that achieved during the 2002 supplemental immunization activity (SIA) at the national and provincial level, the percentage of previously unvaccinated children (zero-dose children) reached during the SIA, and the equity of measles vaccine coverage among children aged 9-23 months in Kenya. Methods: Using data from a post-SIA coverage survey conducted in Kenya, we compute routine and SIA measles vaccine coverage and the percent of zero-dose children vaccinated during the SIA at the national and provincial level. Nationwide and for each province, we use the concentration index (CI) to measure equity of measles vaccine coverage. Results: The SIA improved both coverage and equity, achieving significantly higher coverage in all provinces with routine measles vaccination coverage less than 80%, reached a large percentage of zero-dose children in these provinces, and reached more children belonging to the poorest households. Conclusion: Overall, by improving both measles vaccine coverage and equity in Kenya, the 2002 SIA reduced the gap in immunity between rich and poor households. Measles SIAs provide an ideal platform for delivering other life-saving child health interventions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Kenya Minist Finance & Planning, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. WHO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Constella Futures, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Vijayaraghavan, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd,Mail Stop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mvijayaraghavan@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD SEP PY 2007 VL 83 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.11.008 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 202LU UT WOS:000248904000003 PM 17174435 ER PT J AU Agha, S Karim, AM Balal, A Sosler, S AF Agha, Sohail Karim, Ali Mehryar Balal, Asma Sosler, Steve TI The impact of a reproductive health franchise on client satisfaction in rural Nepal SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE reproductive health; franchising; quality of care; client perception; rural ID LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; EXIT INTERVIEWS; SERVICES; QUALITY AB This study evaluates the impact of a nurse and paramedic reproductive health franchise in rural Nepal on client satisfaction and utilization of services. A quasi-experimental study design, with baseline and follow-up measurements on nonequivalent control groups, was used to assess the effects of the intervention. The study collected data from exit interviews with male and female clients at clinics and from household interviews with married women. Our assessment covers the project's performance for about a year of actual implementation. Client satisfaction with the quality of services increased across a range of indicators at intervention clinics but not at control clinics. Overall satisfaction with services also increased only at intervention clinics but not at control clinics. Consistent with these changes, loyalty increased among clients of franchised clinics. The analysis showed a positive relationship between client satisfaction and loyalty. Although the project's implementation was examined over a relatively short period of time, there appears to have been a net positive effect of the intervention on obtaining family planning products from medical stores/pharmacies. The study shows that franchising reproductive health services increases a provider's interest in delivering better quality services in rural areas of a developing country. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. John Snow Int, Boston, MA USA. Options, London, England. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Agha, S (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM sagha@tulane.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1093/heapol/czm025 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 217CK UT WOS:000249925800005 PM 17644555 ER PT J AU Zheng, BL Xiao, LH Wang, XR Li, DM Lu, YX Zhang, Y Yan, QB Song, MX AF Zheng, B. L. Xiao, L. H. Wang, X. R. Li, D. M. Lu, Y. X. Zhang, Y. Yan, Q. B. Song, M. X. TI Study of the 49 kDa excretory-secretory protein gene of Trichinella nativa and Trichinella spiralis SO HELMINTHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Trichinella nativa; Trichinella spiralis; 49kDa ES protein; gene sequence; western blot analysis ID GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ANTIGENS; IMMUNODOMINANT; PSEUDOSPIRALIS; EXPRESSION; GENOTYPES; NEMATODA; INDUCE AB To study the function of the 49 kDa excretory-secretory (ES) protein gene (P49) of Trichinella, the genes was amplified by RT-PCR from RNA of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa and several Chinese Trichinella isolates of domestic animals, and sequenced after being cloned. The amplified products of these parasites produced bands of about 950 bp. The 97.2 % to 100 % nucleotides identity and 94.3 % to 100 % identity of deduced amino acids among P49 gene of these Trichinella strains showed the close relationship of these parasites. The P49 gene of T. nativa was cloned into the BamHI site of the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a, and the recombinant vector was expressed. The expressed product was 40.8 kDa in size. In Western blot analysis, the expressed product was reactive to sera of mice infected with T. nativa, T. spiralis and their Chinese geographical strains. C1 Zhengzhou Coll Anim Husb & Engn, Dept Bioengn, Zhengzhou 450011, Peoples R China. NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Sect Parasitol, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Vet Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Vet Biotechnol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, BL (reprint author), Zhengzhou Coll Anim Husb & Engn, Dept Bioengn, Zhengzhou 450011, Peoples R China. EM mingxinsong@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0440-6605 J9 HELMINTHOLOGIA JI Helminthologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.2478/s11687-007-0018-4 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 213BK UT WOS:000249640700006 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bhatnagar, J Shieh, WJ Nolte, KB Klein, D Gookin, MS Penaranda, S Oberste, MS Jones, T Smith, C Pallansch, MA Zaki, SR AF Guarner, Jeannette Bhatnagar, Jutu Shieh, Wun-Ju Nolte, Kurt B. Klein, Dennis Gookin, Michelle S. Penaranda, Silvia Oberste, M. Steven Jones, Tara Smith, Chalanda Pallansch, Mark A. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction assays in the study of cases with fatal sporadic myocarditis SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myocarditis; immunohistochemistry; polymerase chain reaction; Enteroviruses; sarcocystis ID A VIRUS-INFECTION; RT-PCR; REAL-TIME; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUS; DISEASE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; TISSUES AB Paraffin tissue blocks from 27 cases with sporadic myocarditis were collected during a 12-year period at a single medical examiner's office. Blocks were studied by using histopathology; immunohistochemistry for viruses (adenovirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, and human herpes types 4 and 5), bacteria (Neisseria menigitidis, Ehlichia sp, spotted fever group Rickettsia) and parasites (Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi); and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/RT-PCR for adenovirus and enterovirus. We identified enterovirus in 5 (18.5%) cases and Sarcocystis in a 36-year-old woman who had focal inflammation and myocyte necrosis. Immunohistochemical evidence of enteroviruses was found in the myocytes of 2 patients less than 6 months old who had diffuse mononuclear myocardial inflammation, interstitial pneumonitis; one also had encephalitis. In these 2 patients, the presence of enterovirus was confirmed by RT-PCR targeting the 5 ' nontranslated region and was serotyped as coxsackievirus B2 by sequencing the VP1 capsid region. In another 3 cases (ages 125 47, and 54), enterovirus was detected by the 5 ' nontranslated region region; VP1 sequencing identified these as echoviruses 6, 13, and 7, respectively. Accurately identifying an infectious agent is the foundation for clinical and public health interventions. Despite using multiple diagnostic methods, an organism could only be detected in a small proportion of sporadic myocarditis cases. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bhatnagar, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbhatnagar@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1412 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.02.012 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 205PW UT WOS:000249128100015 PM 17602724 ER PT J AU He, Q Martinez-Sobrido, L Eko, FO Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A Lyn, D Okenu, D Bandea, C Ananaba, GA Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF He, Qing Martinez-Sobrido, Luis Eko, Francis O. Palese, Peter Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Lyn, Deborah Okenu, Daniel Bandea, Claudiu Ananaba, Godwin A. Black, Carolyn M. Igietseme, Joseph U. TI Live-attenuated influenza viruses as delivery vectors for Chlamydia vaccines SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia trachomatis; vaccines; delivery systems; immunomodulation ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; T-CELL RESPONSES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; A VIRUS; GENITAL-TRACT; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; NASAL VACCINATION; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; IMMUNITY AB Effective delivery systems are needed to design efficacious vaccines against the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis. Potentially effective delivery vehicles should promote the induction of adequate levels of mucosal T-cell and antibody responses that mediate long-term protective immunity. Antigen targeting to the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is effective for inducing high levels of specific immune effectors in the genital mucosa, and therefore suitable for vaccine delivery against genital chlamydial infection. We tested the hypothesis that live attenuated influenza A viruses are effective viral vectors for intranasal delivery of subunit vaccines against genital chlamydial infection. Recombinant influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) viruses were generated by insertion of immunodominant T-cell epitopes from chlamydial major outer membrane protein into the stalk region of the neuraminidase gene. Intranasal immunization of mice with viral recombinants resulted in a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response against intact chlamydial elementary bodies. Also, immunized mice enjoyed a significant state of protective immunity (P > 0.002) by shedding less chlamydiae and rapidly clearing the infection. Furthermore, a high frequency of Chlamydia-specific Th1 was measured in the genital mucosal and systemic draining lymphoid tissues within 24 hr after challenge of vaccinated mice. Moreover, multiple epitope delivery provided a vaccine advantage over single recombinants. Besides, long-term protective immunity correlated with the preservation of a robustly high frequency of specific Th1 cells and elevated immunoglobulin G2a in genital secretions. Because live attenuated influenza virus vaccines are safe and acceptable for human use, they may provide a new and reliable approach to deliver efficacious vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases. C1 CDC, SRP, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), CDC, SRP, NCID, Mailstop C17,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jigietseme@cdc.gov OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034, G12 RR003034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231, R01 AI041231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM008248, GM08248] NR 49 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02608.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 204JU UT WOS:000249040700003 PM 17451464 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Horan, TC AF Tokars, Jerome I. Klevens, R. Monina Edwards, Jonathan R. Horan, Teresa C. TI Measurement of the impact of risk adjustment for central line-days on interpretation of central line-associated bloodstream infection rates SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; SURVEILLANCE AB OBJECTIVE. To describe methods to assess the practical impact of risk adjustment for central line-days on the interpretation of central line-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) rates, because collecting these data is often burdensome. METHODS. We analyzed data from 247 hospitals that reported to the adult and pediatric intensive care unit component of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System from 1995 through 2003. For each unit each year, we calculated the percentile error as the absolute value of the difference between the percentile based on a risk-adjusted or more-sophisticated measure (eg, the central line-day rate) and the percentile based on a crude or less-sophisticated measure (eg, the patient-day rate). Using rate per central line-day as the "gold standard," we calculated performance characteristics (eg, sensitivity and predictive values) of rate per patient-day for finding central line-associated BSI rates higher or lower than the mean. Greater impact of risk adjustment is indicated by higher values for percentile error and lower values for performance characteristics. RESULTS. The median percentile error was +/- 7 (ie, the percentile based on central line-days could be 7% higher or lower than the percentile based on patient-days). This error was less than 10 percentile points for 62% of the unit-years, was between 10 and 19 percentile points for 22% of the unit-years, and was 20 percentile points or more for 15% of the unit-years. Use of the rate based on patient-days had a sensitivity of 76% and a positive predictive value of 61% for detecting a significantly high or low central line-associated BSI rate. CONCLUSIONS. We found that risk adjustment for central line-days has an important impact on the calculated central line-associated BSI percentile for some units. Similar methods can be used to evaluate the impact of other risk adjustment methods. Our results support current recommendations to use central line-days for surveillance of central line-associated BSI when comparisons are made among facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Hlthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Hlthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jit1@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1086/519935 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NT UT WOS:000249121600001 PM 17932821 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN Talbot, EA Yeager, D Montero, JT AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. Talbot, Elizabeth A. Yeager, Deborah Montero, Jose T. TI Epidemic preparedness in New Hampshire: Assessment of increased airborne infection isolation capacity 1 year after distribution of portable isolation units SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB We surveyed hospital personnel regarding their preparedness to use and their actual use of portable isolation units that were distributed to increase facilities' capacity to place patients under airborne infection isolation precautions. Although personnel reported feeling prepared to use portable isolation units, the effectiveness of the unit deployment program would be enhanced by retrofitted rooms and an improved ability to monitor negative air pressure. C1 New Hampshire Hosp Assoc, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Lebanon, NH USA. New Hampshire Hosp Assoc, Lebanon, NH USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Concord, NH USA. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), New Hampshire Hosp Assoc, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM eatalbot@dhhs.state.nh.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1095 DI 10.1086/519868 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NT UT WOS:000249121600013 PM 17932833 ER PT J AU Cain, KR Kanara, N Laserson, KF Vannarith, C Sameourn, K Samnang, K Qualls, ML Wells, CD Varma, JK AF Cain, K. R. Kanara, N. Laserson, K. F. Vannarith, C. Sameourn, K. Samnang, K. Qualls, M. L. Wells, C. D. Varma, J. K. TI The epidemiology of HIV-associated tuberculosis in rural Cambodia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; epidemiology; mortality; Cambodia ID NEGATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CHI-MINH CITY; PREVALENCE; OUTCOMES; MALAWI AB SETTING: Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia. OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization recommends human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing for all tuberculosis (TB) patients and TB screening for all HIV-infected persons in countries with a TB-HIV syndemic. We sought to determine whether evidence supports implementing these recommendations in South-East Asia. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey and retrospective cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with HIV or TB from October 2003 to February 2005 to identify risk factors for HIV infection and TB, and for death during TB treatment. RESULTS: HIV infection was diagnosed in 216/574 (38%) TB patients. TB disease was found in 124/450 (24%) HIV-Infected persons. No sub-groups of patients had a low risk of HIV infection or TB. Of 180 TB patients with HIV infection and a recorded treatment outcome, 49 (27%) died compared to 17/357 (5%) without HIV infection (relative risk [RR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-8.7). HIV-infected TB patients with smear-negative pulmonary disease died less frequently than those with smear-positive pulmonary disease (RR 0.39, 95%Cl 0.16-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: No sub-groups of patients had low risk for HIV infection or TB, and mortality among HIVinfected TB patients was high. These data justify using the WHO global TB-HIV recommendations in South-East Asia. Urgent interventions are needed to reduce the high mortality rate in HIV-infected TB patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intellignce Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Cambodia Minist Hlth, Banteay Meanchey Prov Hlth Dept, Prov AIDS Off, Sisiphon, Cambodia. US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Cain, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1008 EP 1013 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 205UA UT WOS:000249138900014 PM 17705980 ER PT J AU Martin, SL Pullen-Seufert, N Moeti, R AF Martin, Sarah Levin Pullen-Seufert, Nancy Moeti, Refilwe TI Safe Routes to School: Bringing Together Transportation and Public Health SO ITE JOURNAL-INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS LA English DT Article AB Federal Legislation calls for a comprehensive SRTS program. Projects related to infrastructure, such as Traffic Calming, require the skills of transportation specialists. Some activities not related to Infrastructure, such as Education, are well suited to the skills of Public Health Specialists. SRTS programs are more likely to succeed when transportation and public health professionals work collaboratively. C1 [Martin, Sarah Levin] Univ Maine, Farmington, CT USA. [Martin, Sarah Levin] CDC, Kids Walk to Sch Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pullen-Seufert, Nancy] Univ N Carolina, Highway Safety Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Safe Routes Sch, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Moeti, Refilwe] CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, SL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Farmington, CT USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS PI WASHINGTON PA 1627 EYE STREET, NW, STE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 0162-8178 J9 ITE J JI ITE J.-Inst. Transp. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 9 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA V20QD UT WOS:000208153600004 ER PT J AU Thongcharoen, P Suriyanon, V Paris, RM Khamboonruang, C de Souza, MS Ratto-Kim, S Karnasuta, C Polonis, VR Baglyos, L El Habib, R Gurunathan, S Barnett, S Brown, AE Birx, DL McNeil, JG Kim, JH AF Thongcharoen, Prasert Suriyanon, Vinai Paris, Robert M. Khamboonruang, Chirasak de Souza, Mark S. Ratto-Kim, Silvia Karnasuta, Chitraporn Polonis, Victoria R. Baglyos, Lynn El Habib, Raphaelle Gurunathan, Sanjay Barnett, Susan Brown, Arthur E. Birx, Deborah L. McNeil, John G. Kim, Jerome H. CA Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI A phase 112 comparative vaccine trial of the safety and immunogenicity of a CRF01_AE (Subtype E) candidate vaccine - ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) prime with oligomeric gp160 (92TH023/LAI-DID) or bivolent gp120 (CM235/SF2) boost SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res DE HIV-1; phase 1/2; subtype E; CRF01_AE; Thailand; vaccine ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; CANARYPOX VACCINE; TYPE-1 VACCINE; THAI ADULTS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; COMBINATION; VOLUNTEERS; RGP120; NEUTRALIZATION; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine is critical to control the pandemic. A prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine trial assessing safety and immunogenicity was conducted in Thailand as part of an evaluation of candidate regimens for a phase 3 efficacy trial. Methods: ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521), expressing circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE) gp120/subtype B LAI and subtype B Gag/Protease boosted with recombinant envelope oligomeric CRF01_AE gp160(ogp160) or bivalent CRF01_AE/subtype B gp120 CM235/SF2, was evaluated in a phase I/II trial of 130 HIV-negative Thai adults. Results: One hundred forty volunteers were enrolled, and 130 completed all safety and immunogenicity visits. Reactogenicity was common but generally mild, and there was no significant difference in the adverse event rate between vaccine and placebo recipients (P = 0.26). There were 7 serious adverse events during the follow-up period, none of which were vaccine related. Cumulative HIV-specific, CD8-mediated, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were observed in 11 (25%) of 44 subjects who received ALVAC boosted by bivalent gp120 and in 5 (11%) of 45 subjects who received ALVAC boosted by ogp160, but these differences were not statistically significant compared with those in placebo recipients (P = 0.62 and P = 0.37, respectively). HIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses were detected in 84% of subunit-boosted vaccine recipients and in 10% of placebo recipients. Neutralizing antibody responses to CRF01_AE and subtype B laboratory strains were seen in 95% of ogp160-boosted and 100% of gp120 B/E-boosted vaccinees, respectively. Conclusions: These 2 different prime-boost regimens seem to be safe and displayed cell-mediated immune responses consistent with those in other trials of canarypox vectors. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Army Med Component, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA USA. Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost, Emeryville, CA USA. US Army Med Mat Dev Activ, Ft Detrick, MD USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Thongcharoen, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, 2 Pran Nok Rd Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. EM siptc@mahidol.ac.th NR 21 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 206RZ UT WOS:000249201900007 PM 17909315 ER PT J AU Lowrance, D Makombe, S Harries, A Yu, J Aberle-Grasse, J Eiger, O Shiraishi, R Marston, B Ellerbrock, T Libamba, E AF Lowrance, David Makombe, Simon Harries, Anthony Yu, Joseph Aberle-Grasse, John Eiger, Odette Shiraishi, Ray Marston, Barbara Ellerbrock, Tedd Libamba, Edwin TI Lower early mortality rates among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at clinics offering cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Malawi SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral treatment; cotrimoxazole prophylaxis; early mortality; HIV/AIDS; Malawi; resource-limited setting ID POSITIVE TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS; ADJUNCTIVE COTRIMOXAZOLE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; REDUCES MORTALITY; THYOLO DISTRICT; HIV TREATMENT; COTE-DIVOIRE; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Objective: To determine whether Malawi antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinics providing cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis had lower early mortality rates compared with clinics not providing CTX. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of eleven ART clinics in Malawi that were or were not providing CTX. Medical record abstraction was performed for all patients (N = 1295) initiating ART between July I and December 15, 2005. At 5 ART sites, CTX was given to patients dosed at 960 mg daily or 480 mg twice a day (according to national guidelines). Results: When all defaults (patients lost to follow-up for >90 days) were excluded from the analysis, the 6-month mortality rate was 10.7% in patients receiving ART at CTX clinics compared with 18.0% in those not at CTX clinics (6-month mortality risk reduction = 40.7%; P = 0.0013). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for patients receiving CTX and patients not receiving CTX were significantly different; survival differences were apparent as early as 40 to 45 days after initiation of ART. Conclusions: Patients receiving ART in Malawi at clinics offering CTX prophylaxis had significantly reduced mortality during the first 6 months of ART. This additional intervention may have the potential to improve the lives of patients on ART, because CTX is readily available and relatively inexpensive and can, in principle, be easily introduced into ART delivery programs. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, HIV Care Treatment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Clin HIV Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. Family Hlth Int, Arlington, VA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Mzuzu Cent Hosp, Taiwan Med Mission, Mzuzu, Malawi. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Lilongwe, Malawi. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Epidemiol & Strateg Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lowrance, D (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, HIV Care Treatment Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvl9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 206RZ UT WOS:000249201900008 PM 17972365 ER PT J AU Thomazelli, LM Vieira, S Leal, AL Sousa, TS Oliveira, DBL Golono, MA Gillio, AE Stwienr, KE Erdman, DD Durigon, EL AF Thomazelli, Luciano M. Vieira, Sandra Leal, Andrea L. Sousa, Thereza S. Oliveira, Daniele B. L. Golono, Miguel A. Gillio, Alfredo E. Stwienr, Klaus E. Erdman, Dean D. Durigon, Edison L. TI Surveillance of eight respiratory viruses in clinical samples of pediatric patients in southeast Brazil SO JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; TRACT INFECTIONS; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; ARGENTINA AB Objective: Detection of the eight most common respiratory viruses: human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), influenza virus A and B (IA and IB), parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 (HPIV1, 2 and 3), adenovirus (Ad) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), in order to establish the etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and the epidemiology of these viruses in young children seen at Hospital Universitario, Universidade de S (a) over tildeo Paulo, in S (a) over tildeo Paulo, Brazil, during 2003. Methods: The epidemiological surveillance was conducted in all children younger than 5 years hospitalized at the Hospital for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) from January 1, 2003 to December 30, 2003. Nasal and throat samples were scanned for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction and detected by the GeneScan assay. Results: Of 336 samples collected from 336 patients, 187 (55.6%) were positive for at least one of the respiratory viruses studied. Of all the children, HRSV was identified in 24.1%, HMPV in 17.8%, HPIV3 in 8.3%, Ad in 6.8%, IA in 5%, HPIV1 in 0.6%, but no virus could be detected in 44.1%. Dual virus infections were detected in 7.1% of all samples (12.8% of positive samples). HPIV2 and IB were not detected in the present study. Conclusions: This study confirms that children younger than 5 years and particularly younger than 1 year have a high hospitalization rate due to HRSV, HMPV, HPIV, influenza and adenovirus. We were able to determine the etiology and epidemiology of most ARIs and trace the seasonal profile of the commonest respiratory viruses among young children. C1 [Thomazelli, Luciano M.; Leal, Andrea L.; Sousa, Thereza S.; Oliveira, Daniele B. L.; Golono, Miguel A.; Stwienr, Klaus E.; Durigon, Edison L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Thomazelli, Luciano M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Vieira, Sandra; Gillio, Alfredo E.] Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vieira, Sandra] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Leal, Andrea L.; Oliveira, Daniele B. L.; Golono, Miguel A.; Durigon, Edison L.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sousa, Thereza S.] Univ Sao Camillo, Sao Camilo, SP, Brazil. [Gillio, Alfredo E.; Stwienr, Klaus E.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Erdman, Dean D.] Univ Georgia, Atlanta, GA USA. [Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomazelli, LM (reprint author), Virol Lab, Av Professor Lineu Prestes,1374,ICB2, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM lucmt@usp.br RI Gilio, Alfredo/A-8819-2010; OI Thomazelli , Luciano Matsumiya/0000-0002-9157-6122 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC BRASIL PEDIATRIA PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA RUA SANTA CLARA 292, RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, CEP 22401-01, BRAZIL SN 0021-7557 J9 J PEDIAT JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 83 IS 5 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.2223/JPED.1694 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 281OG UT WOS:000254506600005 PM 17940688 ER PT J AU Castel, AD Reed, G Davenport, MG Harrison, LH Blythe, D AF Castel, Amanda D. Reed, Greg Davenport, Marsha G. Harrison, Lee H. Blythe, David TI College and University compliance with a required meningococcal vaccination law SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE college health; meningococcal disease; students; university; vaccination ID STUDENTS; DISEASE; EXEMPTIONS; RISK AB Objective: Maryland became the first state to pass a vaccination law requiring college and university students living on campus to obtain a meningococcal vaccination or to sign a waiver refusing vaccination because college students are at increased risk for disease. The authors sought to identify how Maryland colleges addressed the law and determine whether schools were in full compliance. Participants: The authors surveyed 32 college/university administrators via a self-administered questionnaire. Methods: The authors calculated vaccination and waiver rates and assessed compliance with the law overall and with specific law components. Results: Among 28 participating schools, annual vaccination rates and waiver rates among students during 2000-2004 ranged from 66%-76% and 12%-17%, respectively. Two (7%) schools were compliant with all components of the law. Conclusions: Mandatory vaccination laws do not ensure compliance at the college and university level. Mandatory reporting, increased education, and collaboration between colleges and universities and public health agencies are needed. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Off Epidemiol & Dis Control Programs, Ctr Immunizat CDC Assignee, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Off Publ Hlth Prepardness & Response, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Castel, AD (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM sphaxc@gwumc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24 AI052788, K24 AI52788, K24 AI052788-05] NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.3200/JACH.56.2.119-128 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 222QM UT WOS:000250312000004 PM 17967757 ER PT J AU Feng, J Wang, L Dai, I Harmon, T Bernert, JT AF Feng, June Wang, Lanqing Dai, Ingrid Harmon, Tia Bernert, John T. TI Simultaneous determination of multiple drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in urine by LC-MS-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BASIC DRUGS; COCAINE; BLOOD; IMMUNOASSAYS; AMPHETAMINES; OPIATES; SAMPLES; COLUMN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Feng, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,N E,Mailstop F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM czi2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 7 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 204MN UT WOS:000249048200001 PM 17725883 ER PT J AU Zareba, G Cernichiari, E Hojo, R Mc Nitt, S Weiss, B Mumtaz, MM Jones, DE Clarkson, TW AF Zareba, Grazyna Cernichiari, Elsa Hojo, Rieko Mc Nitt, Scott Weiss, Bernard Mumtaz, Moiz M. Jones, Dennis E. Clarkson, Thomas W. TI Thimerosal distribution and metabolism in neonatal mice: comparison with methyl mercury SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thimerosal; methyl mercury; distribution; metabolism; mice; neonatal exposure ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; METHYLMERCURY; VACCINES; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; ETHYLMERCURY; THIOMERSAL; TOXICOLOGY; INFANTS; AUTISM AB Thimerosal, which releases the ethyl mercury radical as the active species, has been used as a preservative in many currently marketed vaccines throughout the world. Because of concerns that its toxicity could be similar to that of methyl mercury, it is no longer incorporated in many vaccines in the United States. There are reasons to believe, however, that the disposition and toxicity of ethyl mercury compounds, including thimerosal, may differ substantially from those of the methyl form. The current study sought to compare, in neonatal mice, the tissue concentrations, disposition and metabolism of thimerosal with that of methyl mercury. ICR mice were given single intramuscular injections of thimerosal or methyl mercury (1.4 mg Hg kg(-1)) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). Tissue samples were collected daily on PND 11-14. Most analysed tissues demonstrated different patterns of tissue distribution and a different rate of mercury decomposition. The mean organic mercury in the brain and kidneys was significantly lower in mice treated with thimerosal than in the methyl mercury-treated group. In the brain, thimerosal-exposed mice showed a steady decrease of organic mercury levels following the initial peak, whereas in the methyl mercury-exposed mice, concentrations peaked on day 2 after exposure. In the kidneys, thimerosal-exposed mice retained significantly higher inorganic mercury levels than methyl mercury-treated mice. In the liver both organic and inorganic mercury concentrations were significantly higher in thimerosal-exposed mice than in the methyl mercury group. Ethyl mercury was incorporated into growing hair in a similar manner to methyl mercury. The data showing significant kinetic differences in tissue distribution and metabolism of mercury species challenge the assumption that ethyl mercury is toxicologically identical to methyl mercury. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zareba, G (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, 575 Elmwood Ave,Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM grazyna_zareba@urmc.rochester.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 1247]; PHS HHS [H75/ATH27095] NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1002/jat.1272 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 201IP UT WOS:000248825000013 PM 17582588 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Ferguson, D Jernigan, D Greenwald, M Cote, T Bos, JE Guarner, J Zaki, S Schuchat, A Beall, B Srinivasan, A AF Lee, Ellen H. Ferguson, Dayna Jernigan, Daniel Greenwald, Melissa Cote, Timothy Bos, Jon E. Guarner, Jeannette Zaki, Sherif Schuchat, Anne Beall, Bernard Srinivasan, Arjun TI Irivasive group-A streptococcal infection in an allograft recipient - A case report SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM beu8@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 89A IS 9 BP 2044 EP 2047 DI 10.2106/JBJS.F.01594 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 208VH UT WOS:000249346800023 PM 17768205 ER PT J AU Judd, SE Blanck, HM Nanes, MS Zieler, TR Wilson, PWF Tangpricha, V AF Judd, S. E. Blanck, H. M. Nanes, M. S. Zieler, T. R. Wilson, P. W. F. Tangpricha, V. TI Vitamin D status is inversely associated with blood pressure: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Judd, S. E.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blanck, H. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nanes, M. S.; Zieler, T. R.; Wilson, P. W. F.; Tangpricha, V.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tangpricha, Vin/A-8645-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S222 EP S222 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509101187 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, K Kellar, KL Moura, I Cristina, M Carollo, C Graczyk, TK Slemenda, S Johnston, SP da Silva, AJ AF Bandyopadhyay, Kakali Kellar, Kathryn L. Moura, Iaci Cristina, Maria Carollo, Casaqui Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Slemenda, Susan Johnston, Stephanie P. da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Rapid microsphere assay for identification of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum in stool and environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIANALYTE PROFILING SYSTEM; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; WATER SAMPLES; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; GENE; TRANSMISSION; POLYMORPHISM; INFECTION AB Cryptosporidium hominis and Crptosporidium parvum are associated with massive disease outbreaks world-Yp wide. Because these two species have different transmission cycles, identification of these parasites to the species level in clinical samples may provide laboratory data of crucial importance in epidemiologic investigations. To date, the most reliable way to differentiate C. hominis and C. parvum is based on DNA sequencing analysis of PCR amplicons. Although this approach is very effective for differentiation of Cryptosporidium species, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming compared with methods that do not require DNA sequencing analysis as an additional step and that have been successfully used for specific identification of a number of pathogens. In this study, we describe a novel Luminex-based assay that can differentiate C. hominis from C. parvum in a rapid and cost-effective manner. The assay was validated by testing a total of 143 DNA samples extracted from clinical specimens, environmental samples, or samples artificially spiked with Cryptosporidium oocysts. As few as 10 oocysts per 300 mu l of stools could be detected with this assay. The assay format includes species-specific probes linked to carboxylated Luminex microspheres that hybridize to a Cryptosporidium microsatellite-2 region (ML-2) where C. hominis and C. parvum differ by one nucleotide substitution. The assay proved to be 100% specific when samples that had been characterized by direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA) and DNA sequencing analysis were tested. In addition, the assay was more sensitive than DFA and provided species identification, which is an advantage for epidemiologic studies. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Coordinat Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Coordinat Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Coordinat Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abs8@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 2835 EP 2840 DI 10.1128/JCM.00138-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900013 PM 17652477 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Xu, WB Abernathy, ES Chen, MH Zheng, Q Wang, TZ Zhang, ZY Li, CY Wang, CY He, WK Zhou, SJ Icenogle, J AF Zhu, Zhen Xu, Wenbo Abernathy, Emily S. Chen, Min-Hsin Zheng, Qi Wang, Tongzhan Zhang, Zhenying Li, Congyong Wang, Changyin He, Weikuan Zhou, Shujie Icenogle, Joseph TI Comparison of four methods using throat swabs to confirm rubella virus infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDBEARING AGE; WOMEN; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; PCR AB Laboratory tests are essential for confirming sporadic cases and outbreaks of rubella. Detection of rubella virus is often necessary to confirm rubella cases and to identify specimens to be used to characterize wild-type rubella viruses. The sensitivities of four methods for detecting rubella virus infection using throat swabs, which had been collected in Henan and Anhui provinces in China, were evaluated. The methods used were reverse transcription (RT)-PCR followed by Southern hybridization using RNA extracted directly from clinical specimens, virus growth in tissue culture followed by virus detection by RT-PCR, low-background immunofluorescence in infected tissue culture cells using monoclonal antibodies to the structural proteins of rubella virus, and a replicon-based method of detecting infectious virus. Among these four methods, direct RT-PCR followed by hybridization was the most sensitive method; the replicon-based method was the least difficult to perform. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jinan, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Icenogle, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcil@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 2847 EP 2852 DI 10.1128/JCM.00289-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900015 PM 17596370 ER PT J AU Boddicker, JD Rota, PA Kreman, T Wangeman, A Lowe, L Hummel, KB Thompson, R Bellini, WJ Pentella, M DesJardin, LE AF Boddicker, Jennifer D. Rota, Paul A. Kreman, Trisha Wangeman, Andrea Lowe, Louis Hummel, Kimberly B. Thompson, Robert Bellini, William J. Pentella, Michael DesJardin, Lucy E. TI Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of mumps virus RNA in clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE FAILURE; NESTED PCR; RT-PCR; SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; GENOTYPES; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; AVIDITY AB The mumps virus is a negative-strand RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Mumps infection results in an acute illness with symptoms including fever, headache, and myalgia, followed by swelling of the salivary 14 glands. Complications of mumps can include meningitis, deafness, pancreatitis, orchitis, and first-trimester abortion. Laboratory confirmation of mumps infection can be made by the detection of immunoglobulin M-specific antibodies to mumps virus in acute-phase serum samples, the isolation of mumps virus in cell culture, or by detection of the RNA of the mumps virus by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We developed and validated a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid mumps diagnosis in a clinical setting. This assay used oligonucleotide primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the mumps SH gene, as well as primers and a probe that targeted the human RNase P gene to assess the presence of PCR inhibitors and as a measure of specimen quality. The test was specific, since it did not amplify a product from near-neighbor viruses, as well as sensitive and accurate. Real-time RT-PCR results showed 100% correlation with results from viral culture, the gold standard for mumps diagnostic testing. Assay efficiency was over 90% and displayed good precision after performing inter- and intraassay replicates. Thus, we have developed and validated a molecular method for rapidly diagnosing mumps infection that may be used to complement existing techniques. C1 Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella Herpesviruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DesJardin, LE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, 102 Oakdale Hall,H101-OH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ldesjard@uhl.uiowa.edu NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 2902 EP 2908 DI 10.1128/JCM.00614-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900023 PM 17652480 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Williams, PP Stocker, S Thompson, A Clark, LA Limbago, B Carey, RB Poppe, SM Shinabarger, D McGowan, JE AF Tenover, Fred C. Williams, Portia P. Stocker, Sheila Thompson, Angela Clark, Leigh Ann Limbago, Brandi Carey, Roberta B. Poppe, Susan M. Shinabarger, Dean McGowan, John E., Jr. TI Accuracy of six antimicrobial susceptibility methods for testing linezolid against staphylococci and enterococci SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; AUREUS; FAECIUM; ANTIBIOTICS; MUTATIONS; U-100766; FAECALIS; U-100592 AB A challenge panel of enterococci (n = 50) and staphylococci (n = 50), including 17 and 15 isolates that were nonsusceptible to linezolid, respectively, were tested with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdillution and disk diffusion reference methods. In addition, all 100 isolates were tested in parallel by Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), MicroScan WalkAway (Dade, West Sacramento, CA), BD Phoenix (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD), VITEK (bioMerieux, Durham, NC), and VITEK 2 (bioMerieux) by using the manufacturers' protocols. Compared to the results of the broth microdilution method for detecting linezolid-nonsusceptible staphyllococci and enterococci, MicroScan results showed the highest category agreement (96.0%). The overall categorical agreement levels for VITEK 2, Etest, Phoenix, disk diffusion, and VITEK were 93.0%, 90.0%, 89.6%, 88.0%, and 85.9%, respectively. The essential agreement levels (results within :+/- 1 doubling dilution of the MIC determined by the reference method) for MicroScan, Phoenix, VITEK 2, Etest, and VITEK were 99.0%, 95.8%, 92.0%, 92.0%, and 85.9%, respectively. The very major error rates for staphylococci were the highest for VITEK (35.7%), Etest (40.0%), and disk diffusion (53.3%), although the total number of resistant isolates tested was small. The very major error rate for enterococci with VITEK was 20.0%. Three systems (MicroScan, VITEK, and VITEK 2) provided no interpretations of nonsusceptible results for staphylococci. These data, from a challenge panel of isolates, illustrate that the recent emergence of linezolid-nonsusceptible staphylococci and enterococci is providing a challenge for many susceptibility testing systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Micromyx, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fntl@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 2917 EP 2922 DI 10.1128/JCM.00913-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900025 PM 17634301 ER PT J AU Dias, CA Agnes, G Frazzon, APG Kruger, FD d'Azevedo, PA Carvalho, MDGS Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM AF Dias, Cfcero A. Agnes, Grasiela Frazzon, Ana Paula G. Kruger, Filipe D. d'Azevedo, Pedro A. Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Facklam, Richard R. Teixeira, Lucia M. TI Diversity of mutations in the atpC gene coding for the c subunit of F0F1 ATPase in clinical isolates of optochin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from Brazil SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PNEUMOCOCCUS; DIAGNOSIS; FLUID; PCR AB We report the characteristics of four optochin-resistant (Opt(r)) Streptococcuspneumoniae isolates from Brazil. All four Opt(r) isolates presented mutations in the nucleotide sequence coding for the c subunit of F0F1, ATPase. Two isolates showed mutations in codons 23 (leading to the deduced amino acid substitution isoleucine instead of alanine) and 49 (serine instead of alanine, a novel type of mutation detected at this position), respectively. Two additional novel mutations, both located in codon 45, were detected in the other two isolates, corresponding to leucine or valine (instead of phenylalanine). The data indicate that three previously unrecognized alterations were detected in the atpC gene of S. pneumoniae and that Opt resistance among Brazilian pneumococcal isolates is not related to a specific pneumococcal serotype, antimicrobial-resistance profile, or clonal group. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fed Ciencias Medicas Porto Algre, Fundacao Fac, Rio Grade Sul, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS,Bloco 1,Cidade Univ, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lmt2@micro.ufrj.br NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3065 EP 3067 DI 10.1128/JCM.00891-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900048 PM 17626173 ER PT J AU Hubbard, B AF Hubbard, Brian TI Environmental public health leadership revisited SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hubbard, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bhub-bard@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 219QB UT WOS:000250098600008 PM 17886583 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Hines, CJ Olsson, AO Deddens, JA Bravo, R Striley, CAF Norrgran, J Needham, LL AF Barr, Dana B. Hines, Cynthia J. Olsson, Anders O. Deddens, James A. Bravo, Roberto Striley, Cynthia A. F. Norrgran, Jessica Needham, Larry L. TI Identification of human urinary metabolites of acetochlor in exposed herbicide applicators by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetochlor; acetochlor mercapturate; biological monitoring; urine; mass spectrometry ID CUSTOM APPLICATORS; LC-MS/MS; ALACHLOR; CARCINOGENICITY; METOLACHLOR; BIOMARKERS AB Acetochlor is a preemergent chloroacetanilide herbicide used to control annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. It is the second most abundantly applied herbicide on corn crops in the United States; however, human metabolites associated with known exposure to acetochlor have not been positively identified and confirmed. We positively identified acetochlor mercapturate (ACM) as a metabolite of acetochlor in urine samples collected during a 24-h period from custom ( commercial) applicators who had applied acetochlor on either the day of or the day before urine collection. Concentrations in applicator urine samples ranged from 0.5 to 449 mu g/l (0.3-121 mu g/g creatinine). We found that ACM accounted for as much as 42% of the total acetochlor-derived metabolites; however, as the exposure level decreased ( based on total acetochlor metabolite level), ACM became a less abundant metabolite of acetochlor (< 17%). Unmetabolized acetochlor was also measured in the urine samples analyzed. At high exposures ( classified as 4100 mu g/l), acetochlor accounted for about 0.8% of the total excreted acetochlor metabolites( similar to 2% of the ACM concentrations). At lower exposures ( classified as ACM < 10 mu g/l), ACM and acetochlor concentrations were similar. Additionally, we tentatively identified another acetochlor metabolite that appeared to be important at low levels of exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4779 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlb1@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500583 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 209PQ UT WOS:000249400900007 PM 17534384 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Bishop, AM Reidy, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Bishop, Amber M. Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Temporal stability of the conjugated species of bisphenol A, parabens, and other environmental phenols in human urine SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conjugated metabolites; biomonitoring; exposure; bisphenol A; parabens; glucuronide; sulfate; triclosan; 2,5-dichlorophenol; benzophenone-3 ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN EXPOSURE; QUANTIFICATION; POPULATION; CHEMICALS; TISSUES AB Human exposure to environmental phenols can be assessed by measuring the urinary concentrations of these compounds or their metabolites. Total concentrations, which include both free and conjugated (i. e., glucuronide and sulfated) species, are usually reported. Because conjugation may reduce the potential bioactivity of the compounds, measuring separately both the concentrations of free and conjugated species can be of interest. Data on the stability of these conjugated species in urine is critical if the concentrations of free and conjugated species are to be compared. Over a period of 6 months, we investigated the stability of the urinary conjugates of eight environmental phenols ( bisphenol A, 2-hydroxy-4-metoxybenzophenone or benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,5-dichlorophenol, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) at three storage conditions ( room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -70 degrees C). After collection, conjugated species appeared to be stable for at least 7 days when the urine was stored at 4 degrees C, and for at least 180 days at -70 degrees C. By contrast, some of the environmental phenol conjugates commenced to degrade within 24 h after collection when the urine was stored at room temperature although the total concentrations remained relatively constant for at least 30 days. These results suggest that if the concentrations of free and conjugated species will be used for exposure assessment purposes, urine specimens collected for analysis of environmental phenols should be kept at room temperature for the shortest possible time after collection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500566 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 209PQ UT WOS:000249400900008 PM 17410114 ER PT J AU Powers, AM Logue, CH AF Powers, Ann M. Logue, Christopher H. TI Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ROSS-RIVER-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI MOSQUITOS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MAHARASHTRA STATE; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUMAN SERA; INFECTION; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM APowers@cdc.gov; CLogue@cdc.gov NR 114 TC 340 Z9 359 U1 0 U2 40 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 BP 2363 EP 2377 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82858-0 PN 9 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 207BK UT WOS:000249226400001 PM 17698645 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Ross, JM Crawford, S Kawai, V Chavez-Valdez, R Vargas, D Vivar, A Ticona, E Navincopa, M Williamson, J Ortega, Y Gilman, RH Bern, C Xiao, LH AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Ross, Jennifer M. Crawford, Sara Kawai, Vivian Chavez-Valdez, Raul Vargas, Daniel Vivar, Aldo Ticona, Eduardo Navincopa, Marco Williamson, John Ortega, Ynes Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn Xiao, Lihua TI Differences in clinical manifestations among Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in HIV-infected persons SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; HEALTHY-ADULTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; CHILDREN; PARVUM; PERU AB We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons at 3 diagnostic levels: microscopy, genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and subtype families of C. hominis and C. parvum. The study enrolled 2490 HIV-infected persons in Lima, Peru, and 230 were microscopy positive for Cryptosporidium infection. Specimens from 193 participants were available for genotyping. They had C. hominis (141 persons), C. parvum (22 persons), C. meleagridis (17 persons), C. canis (6 persons), C. felis (6 persons), and C. suis (1 person) infection. Although microscopy results showed that Cryptosporidium infections were associated with diarrhea, only infections with C. canis, C. felis, and subtype family Id of C. hominis were associated with diarrhea, and infection with C. parvum was associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting. These results demonstrate that different Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtype families are linked to different clinical manifestations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Hosp Mayo, Lima, Peru. Hosp Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Chavez-Valdez, Raul/0000-0002-0788-8028 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R21AI059661-02, 5P01AI051976-04] NR 42 TC 112 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 5 BP 684 EP 691 DI 10.1086/519842 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LS UT WOS:000248557600006 PM 17674309 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS Levin, MJ Loparev, VN AF Schmid, D. Scott Levin, Myron J. Loparev, Vladimir N. TI DNA sequence variability in Oka vaccine isolates - Reply to Breuer et al. SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID VARICELLA VACCINE; ZOSTER; VIRUS C1 CDC, NCIRD, DVD, MMRHLB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Dis, Denver, CO USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), CDC, NCIRD, DVD, MMRHLB, Bldg 18-6-134,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSchmid@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 5 BP 802 EP 803 DI 10.1086/520523 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LS UT WOS:000248557600023 ER PT J AU Troughton, DR Levin, ML AF Troughton, Danielle R. Levin, Michael L. TI Life cycles of seven ixodid tick species (Acari : Ixodidae) under standardized laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ixodid tick; laboratory colony; vector; life cycle ID ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM INFECTION; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS TICKS; MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED-FEVER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; SCAPULARIS ACARI; CROSS-RESISTANCE; PACIFICUS ACARI; UNITED-STATES AB Studies of transmission, maintenance, infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity of tick-borne agents require the use of large numbers of live laboratory-raised ticks. Colonies of Ixodes scapularis Say, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, Amblyornina americanuin (L.), Dennacentor occidentalis Marx, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Hemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latrielle) have been maintained in our laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for five to 18 continuous generations. New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are used as hosts for all tick species and developmental stages. Between feedings, ticks are stored in environmental incubators at 22-24 degrees C and 90% RH with a day/night photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The duration of feeding, molting, preoviposition, and periods of postmolting development were recorded. Here, we describe the life cycles of these common North American tick species under standardized laboratory conditions. At 22-24 degrees C, the minimal time needed for each species to complete one life cycle was as follows: I. scaptilaris, 204-219 d; I. pacificus, 214-229 d; R. sanguineus, 162-177 d; H. leporispalustris, 209-224d; D. variabilis, 176-191 d; D. occidentalis, 180-195 d; and A. antericanum, 192-211 d. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levin, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mievin@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 9 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 732 EP 740 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[732:LCOSIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000002 PM 17915502 ER PT J AU Schulze, TL Jordan, RA Schulze, CJ Healy, SP Jahn, MB Piesman, J AF Schulze, Terry L. Jordan, Robert A. Schulze, Christopher J. Healy, Sean P. Jahn, Margaret B. Piesman, Joseph TI Integrated use of 4-poster passive topical treatment devices for deer, targeted acaricide applications, and maxforce TMS bait boxes to rapidly suppress Populations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) in a residential landscape SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularls; integrated control; 4-poster; maxforce; tick management system ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LONE-STAR TICKS; DAMMINI ACARI; GRANULAR CARBARYL; NEW-JERSEY; SAMPLING METHODS; LYME-DISEASE; LEAF-LITTER; NYMPHS AB In fall 2003, we began testing an integrated control strategy to rapidly achieve and sustain reduced numbers of Ixodes scapilaris Say (Acari: Ixodidae) in a residential area. We combined two host-targeted technologies in conjunction with single, barrier acaricide applications to sequentially attack each postembryonic life stage of the tick. Granular deltamethrin applied to the lawn-forest interface of participant properties resulted in 100% control of host-seeking nymphs. Nymphal and larval tick burdens on targeted small mammal hosts at treated properties were reduced by 92.7 and 95.4%, respectively, after the first year (2004) of combined interventions. Over the same period, populations of host-seeking nymphs, larvae, and adults were reduced by 58.5, 24.8, and 77.8%, respectively. After interventions in 2005, tick burdens on small mammals were maintained at similar levels, whereas control of host-seeking nymphs, larvae, and adults increased to 94.3, 90.6, and 87.3%, respectively. Prospects for widespread use of these technologies to protect the public's health are discussed. C1 Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. Terry L Schulze PhD Inc, Perrineville, NJ 08535 USA. Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724 USA. Rutgers State Univ, McLean Labs, Monmouth Cty Mosquito Commiss Lab Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Schulze, TL (reprint author), Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Municipal Plaza,Schanck Rd, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. EM tischulze@monmouth.com FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU219564-01,02,03] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 830 EP 839 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[830:IUOPPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000016 PM 17915516 ER PT J AU Morais, L Carvalho, MDG Roca, A Flannery, B Mandomando, I Soriano-Gabarro, M Sigauque, B Alonso, P Beall, B AF Morais, Luis Carvalho, Maria Da Gloria Roca, Anna Flannery, Brendan Mandomando, Inacio Soriano-Gabarro, Montserrat Sigauque, Betuel Alonso, Pedro Beall, Bernard TI Sequential multiplex PCR for identifying pneumococcal capsular serotypes from south-Saharan African clinical isolates SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RURAL MOZAMBIQUE; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB A serial multiplex PCR approach was reformulated for pneumococcal serotyping to test 153 clinical isolates from children in Mozambique. This approach identified serotypes in 139 (90.8 of 153 isolates; 126 (82.4 %) were identified within two reactions. This approach in developing countries would require minimal training and could provide useful serotype information without requiring transport of specimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Saude, Ctr Invest Saude Manhica CISM, Maputo, Mozambique. Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin IDIBAPS, Ctr Salut Intl CSI, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Nacl Saude Minist Saude, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBeall@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1181 EP 1184 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47346-0 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 213YK UT WOS:000249703000008 PM 17761480 ER PT J AU Dias, CA Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDG Beall, B AF Dias, Cicero A. Teixeira, Lucia Martins Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Beall, Bernard TI Sequential multiplex PCR for determining capsular serotypes of pneumococci recovered from Brazilian children SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; AMERICA; ERA AB Capsular serotype surveillance of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae is essential for evaluation of the potential impact of introducing muitivalent capsular serotype-based vaccines in Latin America. Here, a previously described sequential multiplex PCR method was revised for optimal targeting of prevalent serotypes in Latin America. The revised protocol successfully serotyped 139/147 pneumococci (94.6 %) from Brazilian children, demonstrating a labour-efficient, accurate method requiring only conventional PCR capability. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fundacao Faculdade Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Sul, Brazil. Hosp Mae Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Sul, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBeall@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1185 EP 1188 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47347-0 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 213YK UT WOS:000249703000009 PM 17761481 ER PT J AU Zhang, XB Shao, ZJ Yang, E Xu, L Xu, XY Li, MC Ren, J Zhu, YF Yang, F Liang, XF Mayer, LW Xu, JG Jin, Q AF Xiaobing Zhang Zhujun Shao E Yang Li Xu Xingye Xu Machao Li Jun Ren Yafang Zhu Fan Yang Xiaofeng Liang Mayer, Leonard W. Jianguo Xu Qi Jin TI Molecular characterization of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis isolated in China SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS; SEQUENCE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; GENOTYPES; PATTERNS AB An increase in the number of serogroup C meningococcal disease cases occurred in China from September 2003 to January 2006 as a result of several successive outbreaks. In addition, the proportion of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis isolates from sporadic cases and carriers has also increased. In this study, 113 serogroup C meningococcal isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA typing. These isolates comprised those from outbreak cases and their close contacts, the national carriage survey conducted during the same period and some historical isolates from 1966-2002. Twenty MLST sequence types (STs) and 21 PorA variable region (VR) types were identified in the collection. The ST-4821 complex, a newly identified lineage, was the most prevalent lineage (95/113). These data also showed a high level of diversification of serogroup C isolates, as indicated by the number of variants of the ST-4821 clone and the VR types present. There were ten PorA VR types among the ST-4821 isolates, and certain VR types (P1.7-2,14, P1.12-1,16-8) were associated with isolates from outbreak cases. The results of this study allow us to draw a profile of the molecular characteristics of serogroup C strains in China. These data are helpful for monitoring the spread of virulent strains and will provide valuable information for the prevention of bacterial meningitis in China. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & PRevent, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. Anhui Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hefei 230000, Peoples R China. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jin, Q (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & PRevent, State Key Lab Mol Virol & Genet Engn, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China. EM Xujg@public.bta.net.cn; zdsys@vip.sina.com RI Jin, Qi/B-5379-2009 FU Wellcome Trust NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1224 EP 1229 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47263-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 213YK UT WOS:000249703000015 PM 17761487 ER PT J AU Murphy, WJ Tubbs, RL AF Murphy, William J. Tubbs, Randy L. TI Assessment of noise exposure for indoor and outdoor firing ranges SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE firing range; hearing loss; hearing protection devices; impulse noise ID HEARING PROTECTION; ATTENUATION AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received an employee request for a health hazard evaluation of a Special Weapons Assault Team (SWAT) in January 2002. The department was concerned about noise exposures and potential hearing damage from weapons training on their indoor and outdoor firing ranges. NIOSH investigators conducted noise sampling with an acoustic mannequin head and 1/14-inch microphone to characterize the noise exposures that officers might experience during small arms qualification and training when wearing a variety of hearing protection devices provided by the department. The peak sound pressure levels for the various weapons ranged from 156 to 170 decibels (dB SPL), which are greater than the recommended allowable 140 dB SPL exposure guideline from NIOSH. The earplugs, ear muffs and customized SWAT team hearing protectors provided between 25 and 35 dB of peak reduction. Double hearing protection (plugs plus muffs) added 15-20 dB of peak reduction. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Murphy, WJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM wmurphy@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 9 BP 688 EP 697 DI 10.1080/15459620701537390 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200IT UT WOS:000248757800008 PM 17654224 ER PT J AU Bowman, JD Touchstone, JA Yost, MG AF Bowman, Joseph D. Touchstone, Jennifer A. Yost, Michael G. TI A population-based job exposure matrix for power-frequency magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ELF; EMF; exposure assessment; extremely low frequency; JEM ID ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; UNITED-STATES; LEUKEMIA; RISK; MORTALITY; CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A population-based job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed to assess personal exposures to power-frequency magnetic fields (MF)for epidemiologic studies. The JEM compiled 2317 MF measurements taken on or near workers by 10 studies in the United States, Sweden, New Zealand, Finland, (aid Italy. A database was assembled from the original data for six studies phis summary statistics grouped by occupation,from four other published studies. The job descriptions were coded into the 1980 Standard Occupational Classiffication system (SOC) and then translated to the 1980 job categories of the U.S. Bureau of the Census (BOC). For each job category, the JEM database calculated the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, geometric mean, and geometric standard deviation of the workday-average MF magnitude from the combined data. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the combining of MF data from the different sources was justified, and that the homogencity of MF exposures in the SOC occupations was comparable to JEMs for solvents and particulates. BOC occupation accounted for 30% of the MF variance (p << 10(-6)) and the contrast (ratio of the between-job variance to the total of within- and between-job variances) was 88%. Jobs lacking data had their exposures inferred from measurements on similar occupations. The JEM provided MF exposures for 97% of the person-months in a population-based case-cowrol study and 95% of the jobs on death certificates in a registry study covering 22 states. Therefore, we expect this JEM to be useful in other populaton-based epidemiologic studies. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free Supplemental resources: Appendices A-D and Formula Proofs.]. C1 NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jdb0@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 9 BP 715 EP 728 DI 10.1080/15459620701528001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200IT UT WOS:000248757800011 PM 17654227 ER PT J AU Herrinton, LJ Neslund-Dudas, C Rolnick, SJ Hornbrook, MC Bachman, DJ Darbinian, JA Jackson, JM Coughlin, SS AF Herrinton, Lisa J. Neslund-Dudas, Christine Rolnick, Sharon J. Hornbrook, Mark C. Bachman, Donald J. Darbinian, Jeanne A. Jackson, Jody M. Coughlin, Steven S. TI Complications at the end of life in ovarian cancer SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; end of life; death; complications; cohort study; electronic medical records; medical record abstraction ID TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS; PALLIATIVE CARE; DEHYDRATION; SYMPTOMS; WOMEN AB Women dying of ovarian cancer vary considerably in their complications and in the types of health care they receive. The objective of this study was to describe the complications Of ovarian cancer, other than pain, and their treatment at the end of life. This study used a cohort of 421 enrollees in three nonprofit managed-care organizations who died with ovarian cancer during 1995-2000. Data were collected from abstraction of paper and electronic medical records. Proportions of women experiencing complications and undergoing treatments were calculated. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of patient characteristics with the probability of receiving an intervention for complications. The most common complications recorded in the medical record were fatigue or weakness (75%), nausea or vomiting (71%), constipation (49%), edema of the extremities (44%), and anemia (34%). The prevalence of major complications was as follows: ascites, 28%; bowel obstruction, 12%; pleural effusion, 10%; bladder obstruction, 3%; and disordered nutrition that required support with parenteral nutrition, 9%. Patients may not always have received interventions for major complications; for example, pleural effusion apparently was left untreated in almost half of the women with this problem. After adjustment, women who died at younger ages were more likely to receive an intervention, compared to older women (odds ratio for each decade of age, 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.53, 0.94, P for trend = 0.02). The study, which preceded the establishment of palliative care programs, suggests that care given to ovarian cancer patients at the end of life may be inadequate. C1 Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Hlth Res, Northwest Hawaii, HI USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herrinton, LJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM lisa.herrinton@kp.org FU NCI NIH HHS [5U19 CA079689, U19 CA079689-01]; PHS HHS [200-2001-00117-003] NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.11.011 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 211UO UT WOS:000249549000004 PM 17606360 ER PT J AU Lam, WKK Cance, JD Eke, AN Fishbein, DH Hawkins, SR Williams, JC AF Lam, Wendy K. K. Cance, Jessica D. Eke, Agatha N. Fishbein, Diana H. Hawkins, Stephanie R. Williams, J. Cassie TI Children of African-American mothers who use crack cocaine: Parenting influences on youth substance use SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African-American youth; children of substance users; maternal drug users ID DRUG-USE; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; RISK; FAMILY; ALCOHOL; WOMEN; ABUSERS; PEER; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective To examine relationships between parenting behaviors, parent-child relationship, and moderating effects of age on youth substance use among a community sample of African-American mothers who use crack cocaine and their children (12-17 years). Methods Maternal-child dyads (n=208) were recruited through street outreach and snowball sampling and completed interviews about substance use and parenting. Results Regression analyses found significant main effects of youth age, family conflict, warmth, and disapproval of youth substance use on children's substance use. Age x Parenting interactions were significant for conflict and disapproval. Higher family conflict increased older youths' risk, while higher perceived maternal disapproval protected against substance use for older youth. Conclusions Family influences may offer risk and protective effects for adolescent children of maternal drug users. Outreach and family-focused interventions that address family conflict and communication of disapproval of substance use may help reduce intergenerational risk transmission. However, longitudinal research with comprehensive parenting assessments is needed. C1 RTI Int Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lam, WKK (reprint author), RTI Int Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kklam@rti.org RI Price, Katie/H-1931-2012 FU PHS HHS [R18/CCR420942] NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-8693 J9 J PEDIATR PSYCHOL JI J. Pediatr. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 877 EP 887 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm015 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213WS UT WOS:000249698600002 PM 17522115 ER PT J AU Waters, E Priest, N Armstrong, R Oliver, S Baker, P McQueen, D Summerbell, C Kelly, MR Swinburn, B AF Waters, Elizabeth Priest, Naomi Armstrong, Rebecca Oliver, Sandy Baker, Philip McQueen, David Summerbell, Carolyn Kelly, Michael P. Swinburn, Boyd TI The role of a Prospective Public Health Intervention Study Register in building public health evidence: proposal for content and use SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE evidence; public health; ethics; health promotion; intervention; non-randomized ID CLINICAL-TRIAL REGISTRATION; PROMOTION AB Evidence-informed practice is a key component of public health and the focus of much discussion, of which the nature of evidence and how it is best gathered and appraised has formed a large part. Prospective registration of trials is now a key component of rigour and quality in clinical research and has been supported at an international level through the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Program. This paper discusses the scope and benefits of trial registration in clinical research, including greater transparency and reduced publication bias. It then considers the potential for a Prospective Public Health Intervention Studies Register specific to the needs of public health and aspects to be included in such a register. It is argued that this initiative has the potential to facilitate increased global cooperation and efficiency in the production of high quality evidence and ultimately in improved health outcomes for populations. C1 Deakin Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia. Univ London, Inst Educ, Social Sci Res Unit, London WC1H 0NR, England. Cent Area Populat Hlth Serv, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, IUHPE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Teesside, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, Cleveland, England. Natl Inst Clin Evidence, London WC1V 6NA, England. Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia. RP Waters, E (reprint author), 15-31 Pelham St,POB 154, Melbourne, Vic 3053, Australia. EM elizabeth.waters@deakin.edu.au RI Summerbell, Carolyn/O-3759-2015; Summerbell, Carolyn/O-3001-2015; OI Summerbell, Carolyn/0000-0003-1910-9383; Summerbell, Carolyn/0000-0003-1910-9383; Priest, Naomi/0000-0002-2246-0644; Armstrong, Rebecca/0000-0003-4146-7427 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-3842 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH-UK JI J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1093/pubmed/fdm039 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213IN UT WOS:000249660200022 PM 17567677 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Stokes, WS Bajuscak, R Serdula, M Siegel, KL Griffin, B Keiser, J Agate, L Kite-Powell, A Roach, D Humbert, N Brusuelas, K Shekar, SS AF Taylor, Melanie M. Stokes, William S. Bajuscak, Ronald Serdula, Mary Siegel, Karen L. Griffin, Brian Keiser, Jeffrey Agate, Lisa Kite-Powell, Aaron Roach, David Humbert, Nancy Brusuelas, Kristin Shekar, Sam S. TI Mobilizing mobile medical units for hurricane relief: The United States Public Health Service and Broward County Health Department response to hurricane Wilma, Broward county, Florida SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disaster relief; hurricane; mobile medical units; syndromic surveillance ID KATRINA AB Objectives: To describe the outcomes Of a collaborative response of federal, state, county, and local agencies in conducting syndromic surveillance and delivering medical care to persons affected by the storm through the use of mobile medical units. Methods: Nine mobile medical vans were staffed with medical personnel to deliver care in communities affected by the storm. Individual patient encounter information was collected. Results: A total of 14 033 housing units were approached and checked for occupants. Of residents with whom contact was made, approximately 10 percent required medical assessment in their homes; 3 218 clients were medically evaluated on the mobile medical vans. Sixty-two percent of clients were female. The most common presenting complaints included normal health maintenance (59%), upper respiratory tract illness (10%), and other illness (10%). Injuries occurred in 9 percent. A total of 1 531 doses of medications were dispensed from the mobile medical units during the response. Conclusion: Mobile medical units provided an efficient means to conduct syndromic surveillance and to reach populations in need of medical care who were unable to access fixed local medical facilities. C1 United States Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program Interagency Evaluat Alternat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. United States Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Natl Consultant Oral Med Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. Broward Ctr Hlth Dept, Florida Dept Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Broward Epidemiol Florida, Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Bureau Epidemiol Florida, Dept Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Publ Hlth Serv Commiss Corps, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Clin Res Grants, Off Extramural Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, United States Publ Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov RI Siegel, Karen Lohmann/B-5898-2008; OI Siegel, Karen Lohmann/0000-0002-0788-6612 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203RU UT WOS:000248992500003 PM 17762687 ER PT J AU Urquhart, GA Williams, W Tobias, J Welch, FJ AF Urquhart, Gary A. Williams, Warren Tobias, Jim Welch, Frank J. TI Immunization information systems use during a public health emergency in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE data collection; immunization cost and cost analysis; immunization information systems; immunization registries; public health informatics AB Use of the Louisiana Immunization Network for Kids Statewide (LINKS) during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina saved parents and immunization providers' time, money, and the inconvenience of having to unnecessarily revaccinate children displaced both inside and outside Louisiana. This immunization information system remained online via a backup system following the hurricane, thereby making immunization history data available to queries from healthcare providers caring for displaced persons both within Louisiana and throughout the United States, LINKS contained immunization records for approximately 1.5 million people of all ages at the time of the hurricane. Assessment of more than 21 000 successful electronic immunization queries of children and adolescents displaced outside Louisiana state boundaries from virtually all states estimates that more than $4.6 million was saved in revaccination expenses. The impact of recovered records for these children within Louisiana is certainly as critical, Our review illustrates the value of an immunization information system as a tool to support not only individuals, healthcare providers, and public health authorities but also the presidential vision to develop Electronic Health Records in the United States over the next 10 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Informat Syst Support Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Urquhart, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clilfton Rd,MS-E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gau5@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203RU UT WOS:000248992500009 PM 17762693 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Mokotoff, ED AF Hall, H. Irene Mokotoff, Eve D. CA Advisory Grp TI Setting standards and an evaluation framework for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); evaluation; HIV; surveillance AB National acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance commenced with the beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States in 1981, and by 2003 all states had implemented HIV surveillance. This information, used for prevention interventions, and the allocation of resources, must be accurate to determine trends in HIV transmission and the number of persons living with HIV. Standards for data accuracy were developed through a national consensus approach and integrated into a framework for local and national program evaluation. The evaluation framework allows for continual quality improvement by providing information for training and technical assistance efforts. These tools allow comprehensive assessments of whether reported HIV case data are adequate, reliable, and sufficiently accurate for determining the resources needed for HIV prevention and care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Commun Hlth, HIV STD & Bloodborne Infect Surveillance Sect, Detroit, MI USA. Chair HIV AIDS Surveillance Workgrp, Council State & Territorial Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 203RU UT WOS:000248992500014 PM 17762698 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Hooper, C AF Miller, C. H. Hooper, C. TI Phenotypic and genotypic differences in factor XII between African Americans and Caucasians SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Letter ID VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WOMEN; GENE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Div Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmiller2@cdc.gov OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1982 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02670.x PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 207KR UT WOS:000249250500033 PM 17596130 ER PT J AU Ou, CY Yang, H Balinandi, S Sawadogo, S Shanmugam, V Tih, PM Adje-Toure, C Tancho, S Ya, LK Ulterys, MB Downing, R Nkengasong, JN AF Ou, Chin-Yih Yang, Hua Balinandi, Steven Sawadogo, Souleymane Shanmugam, Vedapuri Tih, Pius M. Adje-Toure, Christiane Tancho, Sam Ya, Leonard Kouadio Ulterys, Marc B. Downing, Robert Nkengasong, John N. TI Identification of HIV-1 infected infants and young children using real-time RT PCR and dried blood spots from Uganda and Cameroon SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE real-time RT PCR; dried blood spots; human immunodeficiency virus; pediatric diagnosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FILTER-PAPER; HIV TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 DNA; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; SPECIMENS; STABILITY; ASSAY AB Serodiagnosis of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers is problematic due to the prolonged presence of maternal antibodies in infants. Nucleic acid-based amplification assays have been used to overcome this problem. Here a simplified, one-tube, real-time, duplex reverse transcription PCR (RT PCR) assay is shown to detect HIV-1 total nucleic acid (TNA) isolated from dried blood spots. The detection of TNA, as opposed to DNA alone. increases the HIV target molecules and thus makes the assay more robust. This method was used to detect HIV from the DBS collected from HIV-1 exposed infants and young children in Uganda (n = 128) and Cameroon (n = 315). The gold-standards used were a plasma viral assay in Uganda and Amplicor DNA assay in Cameroon. The concordance of this real-time assay and the gold standards was 99.2% (127/128) and 99.4% (313/315) with the Ugandan and Cameroonian samples, respectively. This simple and cost-effective assay is potentially useful for the diagnosis of pediatric HIV infection and for evaluating programs to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Entebbe, Uganda. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Cameroonn Baptist Convent Hlth Board, AIDS Educ & Prevent Program, Nso, Cameroon. CDC, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Ou, CY (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cho2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.04.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 205UC UT WOS:000249139100016 PM 17553573 ER PT J AU Chen, ZC Earl, P Americo, J Damon, I Smith, SK Yu, FJ Sebrell, A Emerson, S Cohen, G Eisenberg, RJ Gorshkova, I Schuck, P Satterfield, W Moss, B Purcell, R AF Chen, Zhaochun Earl, Patricia Americo, Jeffrey Damon, Inger Smith, Scott K. Yu, Fujuan Sebrell, Andrew Emerson, Suzanne Cohen, Gary Eisenberg, Roselyn J. Gorshkova, Inna Schuck, Peter Satterfield, William Moss, Bernard Purcell, Robert TI Characterization of chimpanzee/human monoclonal antibodies to vaccinia virus A33 glycoprotein and its variola virus homolog in vitro and in a vaccinia virus mouse protection model SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2 INFECTIOUS FORMS; EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; TO-CELL SPREAD; SMALLPOX VACCINE; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITIES; POXVIRUS CHALLENGE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; MICE; RESPONSES AB Three distinct chimpanzee Fabs against the A33 envelope glycoprotein of vaccinia virus were isolated and converted into complete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with human gamma 1 heavy-chain constant regions. The three MAbs (6C, 12C, and 12F) displayed high binding affinities to A33 (K, of 0.14 nM to 20 nM) and may recognize the same epitope, which was determined to be conformational and located within amino acid residues 99 to 185 at the C terminus of A33. One or more of the MAbs were shown to reduce the spread of vaccinia virus as well as variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) in vitro and to more effectively protect mice when administered before or 2 days after intranasal challenge with virulent vaccinia virus than a previously isolated mouse anti-A33 MAb (IG10) or vaccinia virus immunoglobulin. The protective efficacy afforded by anti-A33 MAb was comparable to that of a previously isolated chimpanzee/human anti-B5 MAb. The combination of anti-A33 MAb and anti-B5 MAb did not synergize the protective efficacy. These chimpanzee/human anti-A33 MAbs may be useful in the prevention and treatment of vaccinia virus-induced complications of vaccination against smallpox and may also be effective in the immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus diseases. C1 NIH, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Mol Hepatitis Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Dent Med, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Bastrop, TX 78602 USA. RP Chen, ZC (reprint author), NIH, Infect Dis Lab, 50 S Dr,MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zc20a@nih.gov OI Schuck, Peter/0000-0002-8859-6966 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AO-62713, U54 AI057168, N01AO62713]; ORS NIH HHS [N02-OR-04021] NR 48 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 81 IS 17 BP 8989 EP 8995 DI 10.1128/JVI.00906-07 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 202SL UT WOS:000248923700012 PM 17581986 ER PT J AU Colindres, RE Jain, S Bowen, A Domond, P Mintz, E AF Colindres, Romulo E. Jain, Seema Bowen, Anna Domond, Polyana Mintz, Eric TI After the flood: an evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE disaster epidemiology; drinking water disinfection; point-of-use water treatment; P(u)over-barR((R)) ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIARRHEA; PREVENTION; MADAGASCAR; OUTBREAK; QUALITY; CHOLERA AB Tropical Storm Jeanne struck Haiti in September 2004, causing widespread flooding which contaminated water sources, displaced thousands of families and killed approximately 2,800 people. Local leaders distributed Pu P(u) over bar RR (R), a flocculent-disinfectant product for household water treatment, to affected populations. We evaluated knowledge, attitudes, practices, and drinking water quality among a sample of Pu P(u) over bar RR (R) recipients. we interviewed representatives of 100 households in three rural communities who received Pu P(u) over bar RR (R) and Pu P(u) over bar RR (R)-related education. Water sources were tested for fecal contamination and turbidity; stored household water was tested for residual chlorine. All households relied on untreated water sources (springs [66%], wells [15%], community taps [13%], and rivers [6%1). After distribution, PGRO was the most common in-home treatment method (58%) followed by chlorination (30%), plant-based flocculation (6%), boiling (5%), and filtration (1%). Seventy-eight percent of respondents correctly answered five questions about how to use Pu P(u) over bar RR (R) 81% reported Pu P(u) over bar RR (R) easy to use; and 97% reported that Pu P(u) over bar RR (R)-treated water appears, tastes, and smells better than untreated water. Although water sources tested appeared clear, fecal coliform bacteria were detected in all sources (range 1 - > 200 cfu/100 ml). Chlorine was present in 10 (45%) of 22 stored drinking water samples in households using Pu P(u) over bar RR (R). Pu P(u) over bar RR (R) was well-accepted and properly used in remote communities where local leaders helped with distribution and education. This highly effective water purification method can help protect disaster-affected communities from waterborne disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Off, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Populat Serv Int, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Mintz, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Off, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emintz@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 29 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 204EE UT WOS:000249025600004 PM 17878551 ER PT J AU Banerjee, A McFarland, DA Singh, R Quick, R AF Banerjee, Anyana McFarland, Deborah A. Singh, Ritu Quick, Robert TI Cost and financial sustainability of a household-based water treatment and storage intervention in Zambia SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cost analysis; diarrhea prevention; sensitivity analysis; social marketing; water treatment; waterborne organisms ID DIARRHEA PREVENTION; SAFE STORAGE; MADAGASCAR; TANZANIA; QUALITY; CHOLERA; NETS AB Providing safe water to > 1 billion people in need is a major challenge. To address this need, the Safe Water System (SWS) - household water treatment with dilute bleach, safe water storage, and behavior change - has been implemented in > 20 countries. To assess the potential sustainability of the SWS, we analyzed costs in Zambia of "Clorin" brand product sold in bottles sufficient for a month of water treatment at a price of $0.09. We analyzed production, marketing, distribution, and overhead costs of Clorin before and after sales reached nationwide scale, and analyzed Clorin sales revenue. The average cost per bottle of Clorin production, marketing and distribution at start-up in 1999 was $1.88 but decreased by 82% to $0.33 in 2003, when > 1.7 million bottles were sold. The financial loss per bottle decreased from $1.72 in 1999 to $0.24 in 2003. Net program costs in 2003 were $428,984, or only $0.04 per person-month of protection A sensitivity analysis showed that if the bottle price increased to $0.18, the project would be self-sustaining at maximum capacity. This analysis demonstrated that efficiencies in the SWS supply chain can be achieved through social marketing. Even with a subsidy, overall program costs per beneficiary are low. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Publ Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Banerjee, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Publ Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abanerjee@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.034 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 204EE UT WOS:000249025600006 PM 17878553 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Bolen, J Garvin, B AF Ahluwalia, Indu B. Bolen, Julie Garvin, Bill TI Health insurance coverage and use of selected preventive services by working-age women, BRFSS, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CARE; ACCESS AB Access to healthcare and participation in preventive screening are important to the well-being of women. Using 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, we examined the prevalence of health insurance coverage among working-age women and their use of selected preventive health screening. These data were also used to determine these women's access to services and the extent to which cost was a barrier. Overall, 17.3% of working-age women reported not having health insurance coverage, and lack of coverage varied widely among the states. Those without coverage were significantly more likely to report having neither routine health examinations nor a regular provider, to report cost as a barrier to access, and to be less likely to get screened for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers during the specified time intervals. Future research and programs need to address the public health issues of unmet healthcare needs and health insurance coverage of U. S. women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iaa2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 219BB UT WOS:000250058600001 PM 17903070 ER PT J AU Wynn, ML Chang, S Peipins, LA AF Wynn, Michelle L. Chang, Stella Peipins, Lucy A. TI Temporal patterns of conditions and symptoms potentially associated with ovarian cancer SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN; CHEMOTHERAPY; BORDERLINE; STAGE; DELAY AB Background: The late stage at which ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed and its subsequent high mortality have been attributed to a lack of symptoms in its early stages. This study examined the temporal patterns of prediagnostic ovarian cancer symptoms and conditions among women with and without ovarian cancer. Methods: We identified 920 ovarian cancer cases from 1998-2002 claims and encounters from Thomson Healthcare's Medstat MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental Databases. These were matched with 2760 comparison women based on age, geographic region, Medicare eligibility, and health plan type. The rates of ovarian cancer-related symptoms, conditions, and procedures recorded in the claims data were compared between the two groups using chi-square and Student's t tests. Results: In the 270 to 31 days prior to the case diagnosis dates, cases had nearly five times more recorded abdominal symptoms (36.2% vs. 7.5%), 3.5 times more recorded female genital symptoms (9.8% vs. 2.7%), and 1.5-2 times more recorded gastrointestinal symptoms (7.7% vs. 3.5%), urethra/urinary tract disorders (12.7% vs. 6.4%), and menopausal disorders (12.4% vs. 7.5%) than the comparison women. However, when the data were examined in 30-day increments for these five diagnosed conditions, the rates for cases and comparison women only started to diverge as the cases' diagnosis drew closer-60-90 days prior. Conclusions: The presence of ovarian cancer-related symptoms and conditions prior to diagnosis among cases was documented in claims data; however, this increase was most pronounced in the 2-3 months prior to diagnosis. It is likely that physicians will see similar symptoms and conditions for women with and without ovarian cancer during most of the 9 months prior to the cases' diagnosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Thomson Healthcare, Washington, DC USA. RP Peipins, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LPeipins@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 971 EP 986 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.0300 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 219BB UT WOS:000250058600005 PM 17903074 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL Green, PP Boyle, CA AF Tsai, James Floyd, R. Louise Green, Patricia P. Boyle, Coleen A. TI Patterns and average volume of alcohol use among women of childbearing age SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alcohol; pattern; average volume; binge; multiple risk factor; prevention; women ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; DRINKING PATTERNS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; RISK-FACTORS; FETAL; EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY; RECOGNITION; CONSUMPTION; DISEASE AB Objectives: Maternal alcohol use is a leading preventable cause of neurobehavioral and developmental abnormalities in children. This study examines the patterns and average volume of alcohol use among U.S. women of childbearing age in order to identify subgroups of high-risk women for selective intervention. Methods: A sample of 188,290 women aged 18-44 years participated in the Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (CDC)'s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey during the period of 2001-2003. Reported alcohol use patterns and average volume were examined for pregnant and nonpregnant women. Efforts were made to evaluate and characterize women who practiced various levels of binge drinking. Results: The results showed that approximately 2% of pregnant women and 13% of nonpregnant women in the United States engaged in binge drinking during the period of 2001-2003. Among the estimated average of 6.7 million women of childbearing age overall who engaged in binge drinking during the period, approximately 28.5% women also reported consuming an average of 5 drinks or more on typical drinking days, or about 21.4% women consumed at least 45 drinks on average in a month. Larger proportions of binge drinkers with high usual quantity of consumption were found among women of younger ages (18-24 years) or current smokers. Conclusions: Future prevention efforts should include strategies that combine health messages and encourage women of childbearing age, with particular emphasis on women 18-24 years, to avoid alcohol and tobacco use, and take multivitamins and folic acid daily for better pregnancy outcomes. Other efforts must also include broad-based implementation of screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse in primary and women's health care settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tsai, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxt9@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0185-4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 189ED UT WOS:000247971300006 PM 17333387 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Norris, SL Chowdhury, FM Gregg, EW Zhang, P AF Zhang, Xuanping Norris, Susan L. Chowdhury, Farah M. Gregg, Edward W. Zhang, Ping TI The effects of interventions on health-related quality of life among persons with diabetes - A systematic review SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Review DE diabetes; intervention; health-related quality of life; SF-36 ID SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION; SELF-MANAGEMENT DIFFICULTIES; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; OBESE-PATIENTS; PRIMARY-CARE AB Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly used to measure the outcomes of interventions among people with chronic diseases. Objectives: To assess the effect of interventions for adults with diabetes on HRQL, as measured by the Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire. Research Design: The systematic review was conducted using the methods of the Cochrane Collaboration. Studies reporting SF-36 scores before and after an intervention focused on adults with diabetes were obtained from searches of multiple bibliographic databases. The mean changes and standardized mean differences between pre- and post-intervention were reported as outcome measures. Pooled estimates were obtained using random effects models. Results: We identified 33 studies examining a wide range of interventions, including diabetes education and behavioral modifications (15 studies), pharmacotherapy (I I studies), and surgery (7 studies). Interventions generally demonstrated improvement in HRQL. When all available profile scores were examined together, the ranges of mean changes in scores were as follows: surgery for treating diabetes comorbidities, 15.0 to 42.0 point improvement; surgery for treating diabetes complications, - 13.0 to 37.9; pharmacotherapy using insulin to optimize glycemic control, -4.6 to 27.6; pharmacotherapy for treating comorbidities, 3.8 to 33.2; pharmacotherapy for treating complications, - 2.6 to 14.6. Pooled effects from 5 randomized controlled trials of educational interventions demonstrated significantly improved physical function [3.4 (95% CI, 0.1-6.6)] and mental health [4.2 (95% CI, 1.8-6.6)], and a decrease in bodily pain [3.6 (95% CI, 0.6-6.7)]. Conclusions: A variety of interventions can improve HRQL among adults with diabetes, but the magnitude of effects varied with the interventions. The mechanism of these changes needs to be further examined in the future research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 820 EP 834 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3180618b55 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 209VJ UT WOS:000249415800003 PM 17712252 ER PT J AU Beckles, GLA Williamson, DF Brown, AF Gregg, EW Karter, AJ Kim, C Dudley, RA Safford, MM Stevens, MR Thompson, TJ AF Beckles, Gloria L. A. Williamson, David F. Brown, Arleen F. Gregg, Edward W. Karter, Andrew J. Kim, Catherine Dudley, R. Adams Safford, Monika M. Stevens, Mark R. Thompson, Theodore J. TI Agreement between self-reports and medical records was only fair in a cross-sectional study of performance of annual eye examinations among adults with diabetes in managed care SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE agreement; diabetes mellitus; self-report; medical records; quality indicators ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; STANDARDIZED PATIENTS; CHART ABSTRACTION; QUALITY; HEALTH; POPULATION; VALIDITY; ACCURACY; MELLITUS; TRIAL AB Background: Despite consensus about the importance of measuring quality of diabetes care and the widespread use of self-reports and medical records to assess quality, little is known about the degree of agreement between these data sources. Objectives: To evaluate agreement between self-reported and medical record data on annual eye examinations and to identify factors associated with agreement. Research Design and Subjects: Data from interviews and medical records were available for 8409 adults with diabetes who participated in the baseline round of the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study. Measures: Agreement between self-reports and medical records was evaluated as concordance and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: Self-reports indicated a higher performance of annual dilated eye examinations than did medical records (75.9% vs. 38.8%). Concordance between the data sources was 57.9%. Agreement was only fair (kappa coefficient = 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.26). Nearly two-thirds (64.6%) of discordance was due to lack of evidence in the medical record to support self-reported performance of the procedure. After adjustment, agreement was most strongly related to health plan (chi(2) = 977.9, df =9; P < 0.0001), and remained significantly better for 3 of the 10 health plans (P < 0.00001) and for persons younger than 45 years of age (P = 0.00002). Conclusions: The low level of agreement between self-report and medical records suggests that many providers of diabetes care do not have easily available accurate information on the eye examination status of their patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Trans, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Beckles, GLA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Trans, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM glb4@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U-48-CCU916373] NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 876 EP 883 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3180ca95fa PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 209VJ UT WOS:000249415800009 PM 17712258 ER PT J AU Brault, AC Huang, CYH Langevin, SA Kinney, RM Bowen, RA Ramey, WN Panella, NA Holmes, EC Powers, AM Miller, BR AF Brault, Aaron C. Huang, Claire Y-H Langevin, Stanley A. Kinney, Richard M. Bowen, Richard A. Ramey, Wanichaya N. Panella, Nicholas A. Holmes, Edward C. Powers, Ann M. Miller, Barry R. TI A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-STRAINS; NEW-YORK; VIRULENCE; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; EUROPE; HOST; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENCEPHALITIS AB West Nile virus ( WNV), first recognized in North America in 1999, has been responsible for the largest arboviral epiornitic and epidemic of human encephalitis in recorded history. Despite the well- described epidemiological patterns of WNV in North America, the basis for the emergence of WNV-associated avian pathology, particularly in the American crow ( AMCR) sentinel species, and the large scale of the North American epidemic and epiornitic is uncertain. We report here that the introduction of a T249P amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase ( found in North American WNV) in a lowvirulence strain was sufficient to generate a phenotype highly virulent to AMCRs. Furthermore, comparative sequence analyses of full- length WNV genomes demonstrated that the same site ( NS3- 249) was subject to adaptive evolution. These phenotypic and evolutionary results provide compelling evidence for the positive selection of a mutation encoding increased viremia potential and virulence in the AMCR sentinel bird species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM acbrault@ucdavis.edu OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [CI000235, R01 CI000235]; NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI065359-010001, AI061822, R01 AI061822, R01 AI061822-01, U54 AI065359] NR 28 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1162 EP 1166 DI 10.1038/ng2097 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 205OA UT WOS:000249122400029 PM 17694056 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Kim, SY Schmid, CH Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Lau, J Curtis, KM AF Chu, S. Y. Kim, S. Y. Schmid, C. H. Dietz, P. M. Callaghan, W. M. Lau, J. Curtis, K. M. TI Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Cesarean delivery; maternal obesity; pregnancy; reproductive outcomes ID BODY-MASS INDEX; GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; WEIGHT-GAIN; PREPREGNANCY OVERWEIGHT; MORBIDLY OBESE; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION AB Despite numerous studies reporting an increased risk of cesarean delivery among overweight or obese compared with normal weight women, the magnitude of the association remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the current literature to provide a quantitative estimate of this association. We identified studies from three sources: (i) a PubMed search of relevant articles published between January 1980 and September 2005; (ii) reference lists of publications selected from the search; and (iii) reference lists of review articles published between 2000 and 2005. We included cohort designed studies that reported obesity measures reflecting pregnancy body mass, had a normal weight comparison group, and presented data allowing a quantitative measurement of risk. We used a Bayesian random effects model to perform the meta-analysis and meta-regression. Thirty-three studies were included. The unadjusted odd ratios of a cesarean delivery were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-1.60], 2.05 (95% CI: 1.86-2.27) and 2.89 (95% CI: 2.28-3.79) among overweight, obese and severely obese women, respectively, compared with normal weight pregnant women. The meta-regression found no evidence that these estimates were affected by selected study characteristics. Our findings provide a quantitative estimate of the risk of cesarean delivery associated with high maternal body mass. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 67 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00397.x PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 206PA UT WOS:000249194200002 PM 17716296 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Coughlin, SS Thompson, T Richardson, LC AF Benard, Vicki B. Coughlin, Steven S. Thompson, Trevor Richardson, Lisa C. TI Cervical cancer incidence in the united states by area of residence, 1998-2001 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; CARCINOMA; BREAST; WOMEN; DISPARITIES; PREDICTORS; ACCESS; CARE AB OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in cervical cancer incidence rates among women in rural, suburban, and metropolitan areas of the United States. METHODS: This study examined invasive cervical cancer incidence among women in United States counties classified as rural, suburban, and metropolitan for the period 1998-2001. We examined differences in incidence by age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, stage at diagnosis, and poverty level, using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registries, National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and 2000 U.S. Census data. RESULTS: A total of 39,946 cases of cervical cancer were included. Overall, the rates increased among younger women, peaked at ages 40-44 years, remained relatively constant in middle age, and decreased after age 69 years. Incidence rates were lower among residents of metropolitan areas than residents of rural areas, both overall and across groups defined by race, ethnicity, (localized) stage, and poverty level. CONCLUSION: Rural women in the United States have higher cervical cancer incidence rates. Among older women (aged 45-80 years) in whom half of cervical cancers occur, geographic differences largely disappear after controlling for poverty and race. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdh9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 110 IS 3 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000279449.74780.81 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 205RQ UT WOS:000249132700022 PM 17766618 ER PT J AU Hein, MJ Stayner, LT Lehman, E Dement, JM AF Hein, Misty J. Stayner, Leslie T. Lehman, Everett Dement, John M. TI Follow-up study of chrysotile textile workers: cohort mortality and exposure-response SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ASBESTOS WORKERS; CANCER; RISK; MESOTHELIOMA; SMOKING; HAZARDS AB Objectives: This report provides an update of the mortality experience of a cohort of South Carolina asbestos textile workers. Methods: A cohort of 3072 workers exposed to chrysotile in a South Carolina asbestos textile plant (1916 77) was followed up for mortality through 2001. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using US and South Carolina mortality rates. A job exposure matrix provided calendar time dependent estimates of chrysotile exposure concentrations. Poisson regression models were fitted for lung cancer and asbestosis. Covariates considered included sex, race, age, calendar time, birth cohort and time since first exposure. Cumulative exposure lags of 5 and 10 years were considered by disregarding exposure in the most recent 5 and 10 years, respectively. Results: A majority of the cohort was deceased (64%) and 702 of the 1961 deaths occurred since the previous update. Mortality was elevated based on US referent rates for a priori causes of interest including all causes combined (SMR 1.33, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.39); all cancers (SMR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.39); oesophageal cancer (SMR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.99); lung cancer (SMR 1.95, 95% CI 1.68 to 2.24); ischaemic heart disease (SMR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.32); and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (SMR 4.81, 95% CI 3.84 to 5.94). Mortality remained elevated for these causes when South Carolina referent rates were used. Three cases of mesothelioma were observed among cohort members. Exposure-response modelling for lung cancer, using a linear relative risk model, produced a slope coefficient of 0.0198 (fibre-years/ ml) (standard error 0.00496), when cumulative exposure was lagged 10 years. Poisson regression modelling confirmed significant positive relations between estimated chrysotile exposure and lung cancer and asbestosis mortality observed in previous updates of this cohort. Conclusions: This study confirms the findings from previous investigations of excess mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis and a strong exposure-response relation between estimated exposure to chrysotile and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hein, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM MHein@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.031005 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 201RB UT WOS:000248849200012 PM 17449563 ER PT J AU Martin, JA AF Martin, Joyce A. TI United States vital statistics and the measurement of gestational age SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Addressing Gestational Age Measurement Using Birth Certificate Data CY MAR 15, 2005-MAR 16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent DE gestation; clinical estimate of gestation; LMP estimate of gestation ID PRETERM DELIVERY; FETAL-GROWTH; BIRTH; RATES AB Estimates of the gestational age of the newborn based on US Birth Certificate data are extensively used to monitor trends in infant and maternal health and to improve our understanding of adverse pregnancy outcome. Two measures of gestational age, the 'date of the last normal menses' (LMP) and the 'clinical estimate of gestation' (CE), have been available from birth certificate data since 1989. Reporting irregularities with the LMP-based measure are well-documented, and important questions remain regarding the derivation of the CE. Changes in perinatal medicine and in vital statistics reporting in recent years may have importantly altered gestational age data based on vital statistics. This study describes how gestational age measures are collected and edited in US national vital statistics, and examines changes in the reporting of these measures by race and Hispanic origin between 1990 and 2002. Data are drawn from the National Center for Health Statistics' restricted use US birth files for 1990-2002. Bivariable statistics are used. The percentage of records with missing LMP dates declined markedly over the study period, overall, and for each racial/Hispanic origin group studied. A marked shift in the distribution of the CE of gestational age was also observed, suggesting changes both in the true distribution of age at birth, and in the derivation of this measure. Agreement between the LMP-based and CE estimates increased over the study period, especially among preterm births. However, a high proportion of LMP dates continue to be missing or invalid and the derivation of the CE is still uncertain. In sum, although the reporting of gestational age measures in vital statistics appears to have improved between 1990 and 2002, substantial concerns with both the LMP-based and the CE persist. Efforts to identify approaches to further improve upon the quality of these data are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 7415, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jamartin@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00857.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 207IS UT WOS:000249245400003 PM 17803614 ER PT J AU Qin, C Dietz, PM England, LJ Martin, JA Callaghan, WM AF Qin, Cheng Dietz, Patricia M. England, Lucinda J. Martin, Joyce A. Callaghan, William M. TI Effects of different data-editing methods on trends in race-specific preterm delivery rates, United States, 1990-2002 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Addressing Gestational Age Measurement Using Birth Certificate Data CY MAR 15, 2005-MAR 16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent DE time trends; gestational age; ethnic group; accuracy; method of imputation; preterm rates ID GESTATIONAL-AGE DATA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; POPULATION AB In recent years, national vital statistics data indicate that the US preterm delivery rate has decreased among African Americans and increased among whites. These trends in preterm delivery rates may have been affected, in part, by improvements in the accuracy of gestational age reporting on birth certificates. Several data-editing methods have been developed with the intention of reducing the percentage of records with misclassified gestational age. We explored whether three data-editing methods yielded different trends in preterm delivery for years 1990-2002 among US non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic African American singleton livebirths. Using National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) public-use data, we assessed two published methods for editing gestational age, one by Alexander et al. and the other by Zhang and Bowes (Zhang/Bowes). We also assessed a third method that substitutes the clinical estimate (CE) of gestational age when the NCHS last menstrual period (LMP)-based estimate differs from the CE by more than 2 weeks (the LMP/CE method). The percentage of records excluded and/or reclassified by each method was calculated for years 1990, 1996 and 2002. Gestational age-specific birthweight distributions were plotted by race for each method. Preterm delivery rates were calculated and compared by method of editing over time. The percentage of records excluded or reclassified declined from 1990 to 2002 regardless of the method applied. For infants at 28-33 weeks' gestation using the NCHS edited data, birthweight distributions were bimodal, with the second (right-sided) mode showing a mean birthweight consistent with that of term infants. The second mode was less pronounced using the Alexander et al. and the Zhang/Bowes methods, and was not present when the LMP/CE method was used. From 1990 to 2002, preterm delivery rates increased for non-Hispanic whites regardless of method (range 21.3-31.3%). Preterm delivery rates increased slightly for non-Hispanic African Americans with the LMP/CE method (1.8%), and decreased with the other methods (range 6.7-10.8%). Different approaches to editing gestational age from vital records can result in variation in preterm delivery rates and trends. Uncertainty persists around the true trends in preterm delivery, especially among African Americans. Additional research is needed to identify the approach that results in the most accurate classification of gestational age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MA USA. RP Qin, C (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM caq9@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00860.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 207IS UT WOS:000249245400006 PM 17803617 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM England, LJ Callaghan, WM Pearl, M Wier, ML Kharrazi, M AF Dietz, Patricia M. England, Lucinda J. Callaghan, William M. Pearl, Michelle Wier, Megan L. Kharrazi, Martin TI A comparison of LMP-based and ultrasound-based estimates of gestational age using linked California livebirth and prenatal screening records SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Addressing Gestational Age Measurement Using Birth Certificate Data CY MAR 15, 2005-MAR 16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent DE gestation; ultrasound estimate; LMP estimate; perterm rate; post-term rate ID LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL AGE; PRETERM; CYCLE; POPULATION; DELIVERY; BIOMETRY; RATES AB Although early ultrasound (< 20 weeks' gestation) systematically underestimates the gestational age of smaller fetuses by approximately 1-2 days, this bias is relatively small compared with the large error introduced by last menstrual period (LMP) estimates of gestation, as evidenced by the number of implausible birthweight-for-gestational age. To characterise this misclassification, we compared gestational age estimates based on LMP from California birth certificates with those based on early ultrasound from a California linked Statewide Expanded Alpha-fetoprotein Screening Program (XAFP). The final sample comprised 165 908 women. Birthweight distributions were plotted by gestational age; sensitivity and positive predictive value for preterm rates according to LMP were calculated using ultrasound as the 'gold standard'. For gestational ages 20-27 and 28-31 weeks, the LMP-based birthweight distributions were bimodal, whereas the ultrasound-based distributions were unimodal, but had long right tails. At 32-36 weeks, the LMP distribution was wider, flatter, and shifted to the right, compared with the ultrasound distribution. LMP vs. ultrasound estimates were, respectively, 8.7% vs. 7.9% preterm (< 37 weeks), 81.2% vs. 91.0% term (37-41 weeks), and 10.1% vs. 1.1% post-term (>= 42 weeks). The sensitivity of the LMP-based preterm birth estimate was 64.3%, and the positive predictive value was 58.7%. Overall, 17.2% of the records had estimates with an absolute difference of > 14 days. The groups most likely to have inconsistent gestational age estimates included African American and Hispanic women, younger and less-educated women, and those who entered prenatal care after the second month of pregnancy. In conclusion, we found substantial misclassification of LMP-based gestational age. The 2003 revised US Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes a new gestational age item, the obstetric estimate. It will be important to assess whether this estimate addresses the problems presented by LMP-based gestational age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Screening Program, Richmond, CA USA. Sequoia Fdn, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy MS K K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pad8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00862.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 207IS UT WOS:000249245400008 PM 17803619 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM Schieve, LA Dietz, PM AF Callaghan, William M. Schieve, Laura A. Dietz, Patricia M. TI Gestational age estimates from singleton births conceived using assisted reproductive technology SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Addressing Gestational Age Measurement Using Birth Certificate Data CY MAR 15, 2005-MAR 16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent DE assisted reproduction; gestational age; accuracy ID CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT AB Information on gestational age for public health research and surveillance in the US is usually obtained from vital records and is primarily based on the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP). However, using LMP as a marker of conception is subject to a variety of errors and results in misclassification of gestational age. Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) are unique in that the estimates of gestational age are not based on the LMP, but on the date when fertilisation actually occurred, and thus most gestational age errors are likely to be due to errors introduced in recording and data entry. The purpose of this paper was to examine the birthweight distribution by gestational age for ART singleton livebirths reported to a national ART surveillance system. Gestational age was categorised as 20-27, 28-31, 32-36 and 37-44 weeks; birthweight distributions were plotted for each category. The distributions of very-low-birthweight (VLBW; < 1500 g), moderately low-birthweight (1500-2499 g) and normal-birthweight infants for each gestational week were examined. At both 20-27 and 28-31 weeks, there was an extended right tail to the distribution and a small second mode. At 32-36 weeks, there were long tails in either direction and at 37-44 weeks, an extended tail to the left. There was a high proportion of VLBW infants at low gestational ages and a decreasing proportion of VLBW infants with increasing gestational age. However, there was also a fairly constant proportion of normal-birthweight infants at every gestational age below 34 weeks, which suggested misclassification of gestational age. Approximately 12% of ART births classified as 28-31 weeks' gestation had a birthweight in the second mode of the birthweight distribution compared with approximately 29% in national vital statistics data. Even when the birthweight and dates of conception and birth are known, questions remain regarding the residual amount of misclassification and the true nature of the birthweight distributions. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wgc0@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00864.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 207IS UT WOS:000249245400010 PM 17803621 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Schenker, N AF Parker, Jennifer D. Schenker, Nathaniel TI Multiple imputation for national public-use datasets and its possible application for gestational age in United States Natality files SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Addressing Gestational Age Measurement Using Birth Certificate Data CY MAR 15, 2005-MAR 16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent DE missing data; gestation; multiple imputation; birth records ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL-GROWTH; PRETERM DELIVERY; POPULATION; PREGNANCY; RATES; BORN; BIAS AB Multiple imputation (MI) is a technique that can be used for handling missing data in a public-use dataset. With MI, two or more completed versions of the dataset are created, containing possibly different but reasonable replacements for the missing data. Users analyse the completed datasets separately with standard techniques and then combine the results using simple formulae in a way that allows the extra uncertainty due to missing data to be assessed. An advantage of this approach is that the resulting public-use data can be analysed by a variety of users for a variety of purposes, without each user needing to devise a method to deal with the missing data. A recent example for a large public-use dataset is the MI of the family income and personal earnings variables in the National Health Interview Survey. We propose an approach to utilise MI to handle the problems of missing gestational ages and implausible birthweight-gestational age combinations in national vital statistics datasets. This paper describes MI and gives examples of MI for public-use datasets, summarises methods that have been used for identifying implausible gestational age values on birth records, and combines these ideas by setting forth scenarios for identifying and then imputing missing and implausible gestational age values multiple times. Because missing and implausible gestational age values are not missing completely at random, using multiple imputations and, thus, incorporating both the existing relationships among the variables and the uncertainty added from the imputation, may lead to more valid inferences in some analytical studies than simply excluding birth records with inadequate data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00866.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 207IS UT WOS:000249245400012 PM 17803623 ER PT J AU Ehigiator, HN Romagnoli, P Priest, JW Secor, WE Mead, JR AF Ehigiator, Humphrey N. Romagnoli, Pablo Priest, Jeffrey W. Secor, W. Evan Mead, Jan R. TI Induction of murine immune responses by DNA encoding a 23-kDa antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON KNOCKOUT MICE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; T-LYMPHOCYTES; C57BL/6 MICE; PLASMID DNA; 2 STRAINS; INFECTION; VACCINE; PROTEIN; CHALLENGE AB Cp23 has been identified as one of the immunodominant antigens involved in the immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Thus, in this study, Cp23 antigen was investigated as a vaccine candidate using the DNA vaccine model in adult interleukin-12 (IL-12) knockout (KO) mice, which are susceptible to C. parvum infection. Our data show that subcutaneous immunization in the ear with DNA encoding Cp23 (Cp23-DNA) cloned into the pUMVCb4 vector induced a significant anti-Cp23 immunoglobulin GI (IgGl) and lgG2a antibody response and specific in vitro spleen cell proliferation to recombinant Cp23 as compared to control mice. Long-term memory responses were also detected after administration of the Cp23-DNA vaccine. Furthermore, Cp23-DNA vaccination induced a 50-60% reduction in oocysts shedding, indicating a partial protection against C. parvum infection in IL-12 KO mice. However, it is possible that this protective response was nonspecific because mice immunized with vector only also exhibited lower oocyst shedding than the naive controls. These results suggest that DNA encoding for immunodominant C parvum antigens may provide an effective means of eliciting humoral and cellular responses and possibly in generating protective immunity against C parvum infections in mammals. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mead, JR (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Res 151, 1370 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM jmead@emory.edu OI Romagnoli, Pablo/0000-0002-6328-9070 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-36680] NR 42 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 943 EP 950 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0565-0 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 201RE UT WOS:000248849500013 PM 17487508 ER PT J AU Badilla, X Morice, A Avila-Aguero, ML Saenz, E Cerda, I Reef, S Castillo-Solorzano, C AF Badilla, Xiomara Morice, Ana Avila-Aguero, Maria L. Saenz, Elizabeth Cerda, Ilse Reef, Susan Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos TI Fetal risk associated with rubella vaccination during pregnancy SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rubella vaccine; pregnancy; congenital rubella syndrome; rubella; vaccine safety AB Background: Costa Rica implemented a nationwide measles-rubella vaccination campaign among men and women (15-39 years old) in May 2001. A protocol was developed to follow-up the vaccinated women who were unknowingly pregnant, to determine the risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) or congenital rubella infection only associated with the administration of the rubella vaccine RA27/3 during pregnancy. Methods: To classify the prevaccination maternal immune status, a serum sample was taken at the initial evaluation to detect IgM and IgG rubella antibodies (enzyme-linked inummosorbent assay). All pregnancies were followed up and all newborns were evaluated. A cord serum sample of their children was taken at birth. We calculated odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and the presence of defects compatible with CRS. Results: The prevaccination immune status was established in 797 women and 1191 mother and child pairs were analyzed. Adjusted OR for miscarriage (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.26-1.39), stillbirth (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.10-16.81), prematurity (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.03-2.39), low birth weight (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.03-2.23) and defects compatible with CRS (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.34-3.54) showed no association between immune and susceptible maternal status. There were no cases of CRS and no children were IgM positive. Conclusions: No adverse pregnancy outcome such as miscarriages or CRS was documented in women who were vaccinated and unknowingly pregnant. These results support RA27/3 rubella vaccine safety. C1 Costa Rican Minist Hlth, San Jose 16541000, Costa Rica. Social Secur Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Natl Childrens Hosp Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Avila-Aguero, ML (reprint author), Costa Rican Minist Hlth, San Jose 16541000, Costa Rica. EM avilaaguero@gmail.com OI Avila-Aguero, Maria L./0000-0002-1979-0431 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 830 EP 835 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318124a9f4 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 210KT UT WOS:000249455800012 PM 17721380 ER PT J AU Glikman, D Nguyen-Dinh, P Roberts, JM Montgomery, CP Daum, RS Marcinak, JF AF Glikman, Daniel Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc Roberts, Jacquelin M. Montgomery, Christopher P. Daum, Robert S. Marcinak, John F. TI Clinical malaria and sickle cell disease among multiple family members in Chicago, Illinois SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE malaria; children; sickle cell disease; chemoprophylaxis; United States ID TRAVELERS; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB Malaria is a disease of global importance and accounts for up to 500 million cases per year. Nearly all malaria cases in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to areas with ongoing malaria transmission. Among the cases of malaria reported in the United States in 2000 - 2005, 695 were in US residents under the age of 18 years. The association of malaria with the sickle cell hemoglobin is well described in Africa but is a rare occurrence in the United States. Here we report 5 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in siblings of a family who had traveled to Africa without taking chemoprophylaxis. Two of the children had sickle cell anemia, and 1 of them developed severe life- threatening malaria and hemolysis. The 3 other siblings had sickle cell trait, 2 of whom had complicated malaria. Patients who have sickle cell disease and are infected with malaria are prone to hyperhemolytic crisis; therefore, this complication should be anticipated. The patients we describe emphasize the significance of prompt recognition of malaria and comorbidities and institution of appropriate treatment. The importance of antimalarial prophylaxis should be communicated to parents of children who are traveling to endemic areas as part of routine child care. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Sect Crit Care, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glikman, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, MC 6054,5841 S MAryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dglikman@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP E745 EP E748 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0041 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 207DO UT WOS:000249232000084 PM 17766515 ER PT J AU Whitehead, SJ Cui, KX De, AK Ayers, T Effler, PV AF Whitehead, Sara J. Cui, Kate X. De, Anindya K. Ayers, Tracy Effler, Paul V. TI Identifying risk factors for underimmunization by using geocoding matched to census tracts: A statewide assessment of children in Hawaii SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization rates; preschool child; child health services; immunization programs ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; OPPORTUNITIES; CHILDHOOD; US AB OBJECTIVE. Obtaining childhood immunization coverage data for small geographic areas is difficult and resource-intensive, especially in the absence of comprehensive immunization registries. To identify factors that are associated with delayed immunization, we collected school-entry immunization records statewide and used geocoding to link to publicly available census tract sociodemographic data. METHODS. Immunization records were reviewed for children who were enrolled in all public and private school kindergarten programs in Hawaii in the 2002-2003 school year; immunization status at the time of the second birthday was determined. The main outcome variable was up-to-date status for the 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 vaccination series ( 4 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 3 doses of polio, 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella, 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b, and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccines). Children's home addresses were geocoded to census tracts; coverage rates by tract were mapped, and sociodemographic data from Census 2000 files were used to identify factors that were associated with delays in immunization. RESULTS. Records were obtained for 15 275 of 15 594 children registered in Hawaii kindergartens. Overall, 78% had completed their 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 series by their second birthday. Risk factors for delayed immunization included delayed immunization at 3 months of age, living in Maui County, living in a neighborhood where a low proportion of adults had postsecondary education, and living in a neighborhood where a high proportion of households spoke a language other than English at home. The majority ( 80%) of underimmunized children would have required only 1 additional visit to bring them up-to-date. CONCLUSIONS. Retrospective review of kindergarten-entry immunization data revealed geographic areas with lower immunization coverage, and geocoding to census tracts identified associated sociodemographic risk factors. This is a practical method for state or city health departments to identify pockets of need and to direct resources appropriately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Prevent Med Residency Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak & Control Div, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Whitehead, SJ (reprint author), Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth Soi 4, DDC7 Bldg,4th Floor, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM svw7@cdc.gov OI Ayers, Tracy/0000-0003-4140-3263 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP E535 EP E542 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3296 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 207DO UT WOS:000249232000057 PM 17682037 ER PT J AU Dolan, SM Moore, C AF Dolan, Siobhan M. Moore, Cynthia TI Linking family history in obstetric and pediatric care: Assessing risk for genetic disease and birth defects SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE family history; preconception; prenatal; interconception; pregnancy; genetics ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN AB Family history captures the collective influence of shared genetic susceptibility, shared environmental factors, and common behaviors within families. Throughout the reproductive continuum, pediatricians, obstetricians, family practitioners, genetic counselors, and other clinicians can work with families to elicit relevant family history information and factor it into risk-assessment calculations and, when appropriate, decision-making. Current screening tools have focused on understanding the risk for single-gene disorders, chromosomal conditions, and teratogen exposures during the preconception, prenatal, and interconception periods. More research and data are needed to understand how family history influences risk for a wide variety of complex birth outcomes such as preterm birth, stillbirth, and many birth defects. With a better understanding of the impact of family history on many adverse birth outcomes, tools for the collection of a broader set of pertinent family history information must be developed. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dolan, SM (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Belfer 501,1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM sdolan@aecom.yu.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 SU S BP S66 EP S70 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1010E PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216PF UT WOS:000249890100003 PM 17767007 ER PT J AU Green, RF AF Green, Ridgely Fisk TI Summary of workgroup meeting on use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE family history; public health; pediatric primary care; fragile X; cystic fibrosis; polycystic kidney disease; hyperlipidemias; birth defects ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; POPULATION; CANCER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ANGIOGRAPHY AB A workgroup meeting on the use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health sponsored by the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was held February 24 to 25, 2006. The workgroup participants met to discuss how to improve the use of family history information in pediatric settings. Topics addressed at the meeting included current practices, needs, and barriers for use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health. Other considerations included how available family history tools might be applicable to pediatric settings and which areas require additional research. Specific model conditions were presented that illustrated issues involved in the use of family history information in pediatric settings, including cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease, and birth defects. Ethical, economic, and technologic concerns involved in integration of family history information into pediatric settings were discussed also. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM grf1@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 SU S BP S87 EP S100 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1010H PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216PF UT WOS:000249890100006 PM 17767010 ER PT J AU Olney, RS Yoon, PW AF Olney, Richard S. Yoon, Paula W. TI Role of family medical history information in pediatric primary care and public health: Introduction SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child; family health; medical history taking; pediatrics; preventive health services; public health; risk assessment AB In February 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a workgroup meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, on the use of family medical history information in pediatric primary care and public health. The meeting focused on pediatric topics as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Family History Public Health Initiative. One outcome of the meeting was a series of published articles that summarized the proceedings and explored 4 topics that emerged as leading issues from the meeting: ( 1) optimizing use of family history in primary care; ( 2) linking obstetric and pediatric clinicians through preconception health care; ( 3) assessing potential campaigns to prevent chronic disease, starting with family history assessment in childhood; and ( 4) using birth defect family histories for prevention efforts. In this introduction we highlight each article and preview existing efforts in preconception health care and birth defects prevention that use family history. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rolney@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 SU S BP S57 EP S59 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1010C PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216PF UT WOS:000249890100001 PM 17767005 ER PT J AU Valdez, R Greenlund, KJ Khoury, MJ Yoon, PW AF Valdez, Rodolfo Greenlund, Kurt J. Khoury, Muin J. Yoon, Paula W. TI Is family history a useful tool for detecting children at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases? A public health perspective SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE family history; diabetes; heart disease; cardiovascular diseases ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; PREVENTION PROGRAM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HYPERTENSIVE PARENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FASTING GLUCOSE AB Several studies indicate that the risk for type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is detectable in childhood, although these disorders may not emerge until adulthood. In addition, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease seem to share risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia, and might even share etiology, which has important implications for screening and prevention strategies for both diseases. Primary prevention, in particular, has gained importance because the results of major randomized, controlled trials strongly suggest that, at least in high-risk adult groups, type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed. Furthermore, some intervention studies indicate that the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease can be reduced in children. A simple way to detect risk for either diabetes or cardiovascular disease is to examine the family history. Numerous studies have shown that adults who have 1 or more first- or second-degree relatives affected with diabetes or cardiovascular disease are at high risk of having or developing these diseases. Currently, there are no overall screening strategies recommended for either diabetes or cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents. The evidence is strong, however, that youth with a positive family history already show signs of increased risk for these conditions. Family history can be part of the approach to screening for children at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and should be part of prevention campaigns aimed at reducing the burden of these diseases and their risk factors in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mail Stop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rvaldez@cdc.gov NR 100 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 SU S BP S78 EP S86 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1010G PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216PF UT WOS:000249890100005 PM 17767009 ER PT J AU Fekedulegn, DB Andrew, ME Burchfiel, CM Violanti, JM Hartley, TA Charles, LE Miller, DB AF Fekedulegn, Desta B. Andrew, Michael E. Burchfiel, Cecil M. Violanti, John M. Hartley, Tara A. Charles, Luenda E. Miller, Diane B. TI Area under the curve and other summary indicators of repeated waking cortisol measurements SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE repeated cortisol measurements; area under the curve; principal component analysis; total hormonal secretion; time course of salivary cortisol ID STRESS; DEPRESSION; RESPONSES; SYMPTOMS; RHYTHM; TIME AB Objective: To derive the area under the curve and related summary measures of stress from saliva samples collected over time and to provide insight into the interpretation of the derived parameters. In research designed to assess the health consequences of stress these samples are often used as a physiologic indicator of the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To make these repeated measurements of salivary cortisol more useful in defining the relationships between stress and health there is a need to derive two forms of area under the curve that summarize the measurements: area Linder the curve with respect to ground (AUC(G)) and area under the curve with respect to increase (AUC(I)). The latter parameters, AUC(I) however, is seldom used by research scientists. Methods: In this study, interpretation and generic definition of the area under the curve was provided through graphical analyses and examination of its association with other summary measures using data from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Pilot Study. In generic form, AUC(I) is derived as the area under the curve above the baseline value minus the area above the curve below the baseline value. Results: The sign and magnitude of AUC(I) are related to the profile and the rate of change of the measurements over time. The parameter showed significant associations with other summary indicators that measure pattern or rate of change of the measurements over time. Conclusion: Principal components analyses revealed that summary parameters derived from repeated cortisol measurements can be grouped into two meaningful general categories: measures of the magnitude of response and measures of the pattern of response over time. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Prof, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Fekedulegn, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, HELD BEB,MS 4050,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM djf7@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU PHS HHS [200-2003-01580] NR 16 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0033-3174 EI 1534-7796 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 7 BP 651 EP 659 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31814c405c PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 216MB UT WOS:000249881000009 PM 17766693 ER PT J AU Ogolla, C Cioffi, JP AF Ogolla, Christopher Cioffi, Joan P. TI Concerns in workforce development: Linking certification and credentialing to outcomes SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article DE certification; credentialing; health outcomes; public health workforce ID CARE; MATTER AB Investments in public health workforce development are based on the assumption that capacity and competencies are linked with the effectiveness and efficiency of providing essential public health services. However, evidence of the effects of workforce quantity or quality on the performance of core public health functions is limited. A review of public health, health care, and teacher education literature was conducted to determine the state of research in the field and to identify promising approaches and study designs for application to public health workforce training. A total of 861 articles and abstracts were reviewed from the health literature and 470 from teacher education literature. Sixty-five reports in the public health or health care literature and 68 in the education literature met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies in public health or health literature reported positive correlations and 3 determined no substantial correlation to credentials. In the education literature, 10 studies reported a positive link, whereas 9 studies reported mixed or nonsignificant results. We conclude that a paucity of quality research or compelling evidence exists linking certification or credentialing to any related outcome. Until further research is conducted, discussions on the need for public health workforce certification and credentialing will be based on good-faith expectations for improving individual and organizational performance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas So Univ, Thurgood Marshall Sch Law, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Ogolla, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stoop MS E-95, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vzc1@cdc.gov; jcioffi@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 5 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2007.00653.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 206PO UT WOS:000249195600006 PM 17714227 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Wen, XJ Town, M Shire, JD Qualter, J Mokdad, A AF Balluz, Lina Wen, Xiao-Jun Town, Machell Shire, Jeffrey D. Qualter, Judy Mokdad, Ali TI Ischemic heart disease and ambient air pollution of particulate matter 2.5 in 51 counties in the US SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CARDIAC-ARREST; RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RATE-VARIABILITY; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; FINE; MATTER; PARTICLES; PROFILES AB Objective. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the most common health threats to the adult population of the U.S. and other countries. The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to elevated annual average levels of Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) air quality index (AQI) and IHD in the general population. Methods. We combined data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency air quality database. We analyzed the data using SUDAAN software to adjust the effects of sampling bias, weights, and design effects. Results. The prevalence of IHD was 9.6% among respondents who were exposed to an annual average level of PM2.5 AQI > 60 compared with 5.9% among respondents exposed to an annual average PM2.5 AQI <= 60. The respondents with higher levels of PM2.5 AQI exposure were more likely to have IHD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.11, 2.66) than respondents with lower levels of exposure after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions. Our study suggested that exposure to relatively higher levels of average annual PM2.5 AQI may increase the likelihood of IHD. In addition to encouraging health-related behavioral changes to reduce IHD, efforts should also focus on implementing appropriate measures to reduce exposure to unhealthy AQI levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Tracking Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lballuz@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 122 IS 5 BP 626 EP 633 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 197NB UT WOS:000248561400010 PM 17877310 ER PT J AU Duke, CW Alverson, CJ Correa, A AF Duke, C. Wes Alverson, C. J. Correa, Adolfo TI Fetal death certificates as a source of surveillance data for stillbirths with birth defects SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SERVICE PROGRAM; PREVENTION; VALIDITY; STANDARD; ATLANTA AB Objective. We assessed fetal death certificates (FDCs) as a source of surveillance for stillbirths with birth defects by linkage with data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based birth defects surveillance system. Methods. Stillbirths with defects in MACDP were identified from 1994 through 2002 and linked to FDCs. Sensitivity of FDCs for capturing stillbirths with defects was estimated, and predictors for a case being reported were assessed. Concordance for selected variables from each data source was evaluated. Results. Two hundred twenty-four of 257 stillbirths with birth defects in MACDP were linked to an FDC (linkage rate = 87.2%; 95% confidence interval [CII 82.4, 91.0). Stillbirths of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic/other mothers were more likely to be issued an FDC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.6 [95% Cl 1.9, 17.0] and 14.0 [95% Cl 1.7, 114.0], respectively). Cases undergoing autopsy were more likely to be issued an FDC (OR=3.2; 95% Cl 1.1, 8.7). Performance of an amniocentesis was poorly recorded on FDCs. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of FDCs for selected classes of defects ranged from 10% to 70% and 25% to 93%, respectively. Conclusions. Compared to FDCs, MACDPs active case identification improves the ascertainment of stillbirths with birth defects and the quality of certain recorded data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duke, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cduke@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 122 IS 5 BP 664 EP 669 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 197NB UT WOS:000248561400014 PM 17877314 ER PT J AU Yiin, JH Silver, SR Daniels, RD Zaebst, DD Seel, EA Kubale, TL AF Yiin, James H. Silver, Sharon R. Daniels, Robert D. Zaebst, Dennis D. Seel, Evelyn A. Kubale, Travis L. TI A nested case-control study of lung cancer risk and ionizing radiation exposure at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; LEUKEMIA MORTALITY; NUCLEAR WORKERS; BIRTH COHORT; HEALTH; SMOKING; ADULTS AB Results have,been inconsistent between studies of lung cancer risk and ionizing radiation exposures among workers at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS). The purpose of this nested case-control study was to evaluate the relationship between lung cancer risk and external ionizing radiation exposure while adjusting for potential confounders that included gender, radiation monitoring status, smoking habit surrogates (socioeconomic status and birth cohort), welding fumes and asbestos. By incidence density sampling, we age-matched 3,291 controls selected from a cohort of 37,853 civilian workers employed at PNS between 1952 and 1992 with 1,097 lung cancer deaths from among the same cohort. Analyses using conditional logistic regression were conducted in various model forms: log-linear (main), linear excess relative risk (ERR), and categorical. Lung cancer risk was positively associated with occupational dose (OR = 1.02 at 10 mSv; 95% Cl 0.99-1.04) but flattened after the inclusion of work-related medical X-ray doses (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.98-1.03) in multivariate analyses. Similar risk estimates were observed in the linear ERR model at 10 mSv of cumulative exposure with a 15-year lag. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Yiin, JH (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JYiin@cdc.gov OI Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 168 IS 3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1667/RR0843.1 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 205VS UT WOS:000249143300009 PM 17705634 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, Goro TI Research on dengue and dengue-like illness in East Asia and the Western Pacific during the First Half of the 20th century SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AUSTRALIA; THAILAND; VIRUSES AB Dengue has become an enormous medical problem worldwide since the end of the World War II (WWII). Despite a voluminous amount of research conducted worldwide for many years to elucidate the mechanism of the development of the two severe forms of dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS)), to develop effective vaccines and to design reliable disease control and prevention strategies, the goals of achieving these objectives are not in sight yet. For such a medical research that requires a multi-directional approach to resolve a variety of research questions, sometimes it is necessary to step back and re-examine historically how the current status of the expanding global problems and sudden emergence of severe forms of dengue have evolved in the first place. To examine the history of dengue epidemiology, it is first necessary to put in perspective all relevant documents, including a large number of nearly forgotten, old Japanese publications regarding dengue outbreaks and allied background information in East Asia and the Western Pacific that were documented before the emergence of the haemorrhagic disease outbreaks in the 1950s there. The compiled data in this review, thus, fill in for the first time many blanks in the early epidemiologic history of dengue in this part of the world. Besides the data for epidemiologists, virologic data, clinical studies of haemorrhagic manifestation, significance in military medicine and entomologic investigations covered in this review should be useful for the current researchers investigating any of those subjects. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 134 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1002/rmv.545 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 210LI UT WOS:000249457300004 PM 17562529 ER PT J AU Dollard, SC Grosse, SD Ross, DS AF Dollard, Sheila C. Grosse, Scott D. Ross, Danielle S. TI New estimates of the prevalence of neurological and sensory sequelae and mortality associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP; VIRUS INFECTION; HEARING-LOSS; LONG-TERM; EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; PREEXISTING IMMUNITY; MATERNAL INFECTION; CHILDREN; INFANTS; MOTHERS AB Congenital CMV is a major cause of neurological and sensory impairment in children. Reliable estimates of the prevalence of permanent sequelae and mortality associated with congenital CMV are needed to guide development of education and prevention programmes and to gauge the financial costs associated with this disease. To calculate such estimates, this review used data solely from studies in which children with congenital CMV were identified through universal screening. Based on 15 studies with a total of 117986 infants screened, the overall CMV birth prevalence estimate was 0.7%. The percentage of infected children with CMV-specific symptoms at birth was 12.7%. The percentage of symptomatic children with permanent sequelae was 40-58%. The percentage of children without symptoms at birth who developed permanent sequelae was estimated to be 13.5%. The true burden of congenital CMV infection is unclear because data on important outcomes, such as visual impairment, are lacking and follow-up of infected children has been too short to fully identify late-onset sequelae. Therefore, the estimates of permanent sequelae associated with congenital CMV presented here are likely underestimates. Future studies should extend follow-up of CMV-infected children identified through universal screening and include the evaluation of visual impairment. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgd5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 314 Z9 331 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1002/rmv.544 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 210LI UT WOS:000249457300006 PM 17542052 ER PT J AU Henderson, Z Irwin, KL Montano, DE Kasprzyk, D Carlin, L Greek, A Freeman, C Barnes, R Jain, N AF Henderson, Zsakeba Irwin, Kathleen L. Montano, Daniel E. Kasprzyk, Danuta Carlin, Linda Greek, April Freeman, Crystal Barnes, Rheta Jain, Nidhi TI Anogenital warts knowledge and Counseling practices of US clinicians: Results from a national survey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-STD-Research CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc STD Res ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; GENITAL WARTS; CERVICAL-CANCER; NATURAL-HISTORY; PHYSICIANS; WOMEN; CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT AB Objectives: To examine messages US clinicians use when counseling patients diagnosed with anogenital warts. Study Design: In mid-2004, we conducted a confidential mail survey of nationally representative samples of physicians practicing internal and adolescent medicine, family/general practice, obstetrics/gynecology, urology, or dermatology; nurse midwives; physician assistants; and nurse practitioners. The survey assessed knowledge and counseling practices of clinicians who had diagnosed anogenital warts. Results: After adjusting for survey eligibility, 81 % responded. Most (89%) were aware that human papillomavirus (HPV) causes anogenital warts, but only 48% were aware that oncogenic and wart-related HPV genotypes usually differ. Most (>95%) clinicians reported telling patients with warts that warts are an STD, are caused by a virus, or that their sex partners may have or may acquire warts. Many clinicians (>= 85%) also reported discussing STD prevention or assessing STD risk with such patients. Most reported addressing ways to prevent HPV (89%), including using condoms; limiting sex partners or practicing monogamy; or abstinence. Many also reported recommending prompt (82%) or more frequent (52%) Pap testing to female patients with anogenital warts. Potential barriers to counseling included providing definitive answers on how HPV infection was acquired, dealing with patients' psychosocial issues, and inadequate reimbursement. Conclusions: Most surveyed clinicians appropriately counseled patients about the cause and prevention of anogenital warts. However, many clinicians were unaware that oncogenic and wart-related HPV types usually differ, and this may explain why many reported recommending more aggressive cervical cancer screening for female patients with warts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Henderson, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zhenderson@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042828-10, R24 HD042828]; PHS HHS [GS23F8167H] NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258434.08035.ca PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 204GI UT WOS:000249031400004 PM 17413682 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Lee, MA Murray, PJ Gilchick, RA Margolis, HS AF Gunn, Robert A. Lee, Marjorie A. Murray, Paula J. Gilchick, Robert A. Margolis, Harold S. TI Hepatiti's B vaccination of men who have sex with men attending an urban STD clinic: Impact of an ongoing vaccination program, 1998-2003 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To evaluate the impact of an ongoing hepatitis B vaccination service offered in an urban sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Study Design: During the period 1998-2003, hepatitis B vaccine acceptance, series completion, and vaccine coverage rates were evaluated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and other clients attending the main STD clinic in San Diego County, California. Results: Among 21,631 STD clinic attendees, 81 % were eligible to start and 69% accepted hepatitis B vaccination. Among a cohort of MSM starting vaccination in 1998, 76 % and 55 % received 2 doses and 3 doses, respectively, after I year follow-up and coverage then increased 1-2 percentage points annually to a final 2-dose and 3-dose coverage of 80% and 62%, respectively. Vaccine coverage (>= 1 prior vaccine dose) among STD clinic attendees in 2003 was 45% compared to only 11% in 1998, the first year of the program. Conclusions: Hepatitis B vaccination can be integrated into STD clinic services with reasonable levels of vaccine acceptance and series completion. The increase in vaccination coverage over time indicates that a sustained hepatitis B immunization program can achieve acceptable vaccine coverage in high-risk populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), STD, HIV, STD Control Officer, 3851 Rosecrans St,MS P501C, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM robert.gunn@sdcounty.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU919053-03] NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258306.20287.a7 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 204GI UT WOS:000249031400006 PM 17847164 ER PT J AU Ward, JW AF Ward, John W. TI Before it is too late: Hepatitis B vaccination for all STD clients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; SERVICES; PREVENTION; CLINICS; PROGRAM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STD, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ward, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STD, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jward@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 669 EP 670 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318149243d PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 204GI UT WOS:000249031400007 PM 17717484 ER PT J AU MacClellan, LR Giles, W Cole, J Wozniak, M Stern, B Mitchell, BD Kittner, SJ AF MacClellan, Leah R. Giles, Wayne Cole, John Wozniak, Marcella Stern, Barney Mitchell, Braxton D. Kittner, Steven J. TI Probable migraine with visual aura and risk of ischemic stroke - The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE migraine; stroke; transient ischemic attack; aura ID PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; CAROTID-ARTERY DISSECTION; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; HEADACHE; CLOSURE; CLASSIFICATION; ADULTS AB Background and Purpose - Migraine with aura is associated with ischemic stroke, but few studies have investigated the clinical and anatomic features of this association. We assessed the association of probable migraine with and without visual aura with ischemic stroke within subgroups defined by stroke subtype, vascular territory, probable migraine characteristics, and other clinical features. Methods - Using data from a population-based, case-control study, we studied 386 women ages 15 to 49 years with first ischemic stroke and 614 age- and ethnicity-matched controls. Based on their responses to a questionnaire on headache symptoms, subjects were classified as having no migraine, probable migraine without visual aura, or probable migraine with visual aura (PMVA). Results - Women with PMVA had 1.5 greater odds of ischemic stroke (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0); the risk was highest in those with no history of hypertension, diabetes, or myocardial infarction compared to women with no migraine. Women with PMVA who were current cigarette smokers and current users of oral contraceptives had 7.0-fold higher odds of stroke (95% CI, 1.3 to 22.8) than did women with PMVA who were nonsmokers and non - oral contraceptive users. Women with onset of PMVA within the previous year had 6.9-fold higher adjusted odds of stroke (95% CI, 2.3 to 21.2) compared to women with no history of migraine. Conclusions - PMVA was associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly among women without other medical conditions associated with stroke. Behavioral risk factors, specifically smoking and oral contraceptive use, markedly increased the risk of PMVA, as did recent onset of PMVA. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kittner, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Bressler Res Bldg,Room 12-006,655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM skittner@som.umaryland.edu OI Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 165001]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS45012] NR 39 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2438 EP 2445 DI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.488395 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 204FF UT WOS:000249028400010 PM 17690308 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Selwyn, BJ Smith, DP Sanderson, M AF Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Selwyn, Beatrice J. Smith, David P. Sanderson, Maureen TI The impact of pregnancy intention on breastfeeding duration in Bolivia and Paraguay SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; MATERNAL BEHAVIORS; LESS LIKELIHOOD; INFORMATION; VALIDITY; OUTCOMES; GROWTH; WOMEN; MILK AB Research has demonstrated that prolonged duration of breastfeeding promotes child survival. This study examines the impact of unintended-mistimed or unwanted-pregnancy on breastfeeding duration. We use data from the 1990 Paraguay and 1994 Bolivia Demographic and Health Surveys and restrict our analysis to last-born, surviving children younger than 36 months from singleton births. To assess the association, unintended and intended pregnancies are compared by calculating incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) using survival analysis. Most children (approximately 95 percent) were breastfed initially, but the median duration of breastfeeding in Bolivia was five months longer than that in Paraguay (19 versus 14 months). A greater proportion of pregnancies were described as intended in Paraguay than in Bolivia (74 percent versus 45 percent). In adjusted analyses, unwanted and mistimed pregnancies were associated with slightly longer duration of breastfeeding (aHR = 0.9) than were intended pregnancies, but the association was not statistically significant. In this study, therefore, pregnancy intention was not an important factor in duration of breastfeeding in Bolivia or Paraguay. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Shapiro-Mendoza, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ayn9@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2007.00131.x PG 8 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 210DB UT WOS:000249435800005 PM 17933293 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L AF Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza TI Biomonitoring as a method for assessing exposure to perchlorate SO THYROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thyroid Health and the Environment - Threats and Effects CY MAR 24, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP ATA ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; THYROID-FUNCTION; BREAST-MILK; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; IODIDE; INHIBITION AB Biomonitoring provides direct and quantitative information regarding human exposure to environmental toxicants, such as perchlorate (ClO4-). Because of concerns surrounding widespread exposure to ClO4-, we are using biomonitoring methods to assess exposure to ClO4- and other physiologically relevant anions that can impact iodide uptake by the thyroid. These methods quantify ClO4-, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide in human urine, milk, serum, blood spots, amniotic fluid, and infant formula using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In this paper we summarize recent ClO4- biomonitoring research and provide three additional examples of the utility of biomonitoring for characterizing ClO4- exposure. Specifically, we examine variability in ClO4- excretion, compare the relative importance of different exposure sources in adults, and estimate ClO4- exposure in formula-fed infants. These applications provide examples of how biomonitoring can improve individual exposure assessment. Individual biomarker data can subsequently be compared with individual thyroid function data to better evaluate potential linkage between ClO4- exposure and health. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bkb3@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 837 EP 841 DI 10.1089/thy.2007.0106 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 224KC UT WOS:000250444900006 PM 17822374 ER PT J AU Amitai, Y Winston, G Sack, J Wasser, J Lewis, M Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Fisher, N Israeli, A Leventhal, A AF Amitai, Yona Winston, Gary Sack, Joseph Wasser, Janice Lewis, Matthew Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Fisher, Nirah Israeli, Avi Leventhal, Alex TI Gestational exposure to high perchlorate concentrations in drinking water and neonatal thyroxine levels SO THYROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thyroid Health and the Environment - Threats and Effects CY MAR 24, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP ATA ID THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; NEVADA COUNTIES; NA+/I-SYMPORTER; LONG-TERM; INHIBITION; CHILDREN; NEWBORNS; CONTAMINATION; THIOCYANATE AB Objective: To assess the effect of gestational perchlorate exposure through drinking water on neonatal thyroxine (T-4). Design: T-4 values were compared among newborns in Ramat Hasharon, Israel, whose mothers resided in suburbs where drinking water contained perchlorate <= 340 mu g/L (very high exposure, n = 97), 42-94 mu g/L ( high exposure, n = 216), and <3 mu g/L ( low exposure, n = 843). In the very high and high exposure areas, T-4 values in newborns whose mothers drank tap water exclusively (as determined by a telephone interview) were analyzed as a subset. Serum perchlorate levels in blood from donors residing in the area were used as proxy indicators of exposure. Main outcome: Neonatal T-4 values (mean +/- SD) in the very high, high, and low exposure groups were 13.9 +/- 3.8, 13.9 +/- 3.4, and 14.0 +/- 3.5 mu g/dL, respectively (p = NS). Serum perchlorate concentrations in blood from donors residing in areas corresponding to these groups were 5.99 +/- 3.89, 1.19 +/- 1.37, and 0.44 +/- 0.55 mu g/L, respectively. T-4 levels of neonates with putative gestational exposure to perchlorate in drinking water were not statistically different from controls. Conclusion: This study finds no change in neonatal T-4 levels despite maternal consumption of drinking water that contains perchlorate at levels in excess of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water equivalent level (24.5 mu g/L) based on the National Research Council reference dose (RfD) [0.7 mu g/(kg center dot day)]. Therefore the perchlorate RfD is likely to be protective of thyroid function in neonates of mothers with adequate iodide intake. C1 Dept Mother Child & Adolescent Hlth, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. Dept Environm Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Commun Genet, Jerusalem, Israel. Tel Aviv Hlth Dist Off, Jerusalem, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Serv, Jerusalem, Israel. Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Amitai, Y (reprint author), Dept Mother Child & Adolescent Hlth, 20 King David St, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. EM yona.amitai@moh.health.gov.il NR 32 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1089/thy.2006.0336 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 224KC UT WOS:000250444900007 PM 17956158 ER PT J AU Mason, AM Borgert, CJ Bus, JS Mumtaz, MM Simmons, JE Sipes, IG AF Mason, Ann M. Borgert, Christopher J. Bus, James S. Mumtaz, M. Moiz Simmons, Jane Ellen Sipes, I. Glenn TI Improving the scientific foundation for mixtures joint toxicity and risk assessment: Contributions from the SOT mixtures project - Introduction SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE mixtures; mixtures risk assessment; mixture toxicity; SOT AB Risk assessments are enhanced when policy and other decision-makers have access to experimental science designed to specifically inform key policy questions. Currently, our scientific understanding and science policy for environmental mixtures are based largely on extrapolating from and combining data in the observable range of single chemical toxicity to lower environmental concentrations and composition, i.e., using higher dose data to extrapolate and predict lower dose toxicity. There is a growing consensus that the default assumptions underlying those mixtures risk assessments that are conducted in the absence of actual mixtures data rest on an inadequate scientific database. Future scientific research should both build upon the current science and advance toxicology into largely uncharted territory. More precise approaches to better characterize toxicity of mixtures are needed. The Society of Toxicology (SOT) sponsored a series of panels, seminars, and workshops to help catalyze and improve the design and conduct of experimental toxicological research to better inform risk assessors and decision makers. This paper summarizes the activities of the SOT Mixtures Program and serves as the introductory paper to a series of articles in this issue, which hope to inspire innovative research and challenge the status quo. C1 Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. Dow Co, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Mason, AM (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM ann_mason@americanchemistry.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.010 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 211GX UT WOS:000249513400001 PM 17434550 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM Ruiz, P De Rosa, CT AF Mumtaz, M. M. Ruiz, P. De Rosa, C. T. TI Toxicity assessment of unintentional exposure to multiple chemicals SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology/Conference on Charting the Future - Building the Scientific Foundation for Mixtures Joint toxicity and Risk Assessment CY FEB 16, 2005-FEB 17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Toxicol DE chemical mixtures; risk assessment; public health; hazardous; pollutants ID BY-PRODUCT MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; METABOLIC INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOLUENE; RATS; 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TOXICOLOGY; LIVER AB Typically exposure to environmental chemicals is unintentional, and often the exposure is to chemical mixtures, either simultaneously or sequentially. When exposure occurs, in public health practice, it is prudent to ascertain if thresholds for harmful health effects are exceeded, whether by individual chemicals or by chemicals in combination. Three alternative approaches are available for assessing the toxicity of chemical mixtures. Each approach, however, has shortcomings. As the procedures of each approach are described in this paper, at various steps research needs are identified. Recently, reliance has increased on computational toxicology methods for predicting toxicological effects when data are limited. Advances in molecular biology, identification of biomarkers, and availability of accurate and sensitive methods allow us to more precisely define the relationships between multiple chemical exposures and health effects, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Key research needs are best fulfilled through collaborative research. It is through such collaborations that resources are most effectively leveraged to further develop and apply toxicity assessment methods that advance public health practices in vulnerable communities. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med Agcy Tox Substances, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med Agcy Tox Substances, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgm4@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.015 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 211GX UT WOS:000249513400002 PM 17599373 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KA Zou, S Fang, CT Schonberger, LB Dodd, RY AF Dorsey, K. A. Zou, S. Fang, C. T. Schonberger, L. B. Dodd, R. Y. TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease look-back study: An update SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 20-23, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dorseyke@usa.redcross.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 SU S BP 18A EP 18A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 209OJ UT WOS:000249397600049 ER PT J AU Mohammed, H Stramer, SL Tomashekl, K Munoz, J Linnen, JM Petersen, L AF Mohammed, H. Stramer, S. L. Tomashekl, K. Munoz, J. Linnen, J. M. Petersen, L. TI Prevalence of dengue virus nucleic acid in blood donors in Puerto Rico SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 20-23, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM hfm5@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 SU S BP 24A EP 25A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 209OJ UT WOS:000249397600067 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Brown, MB Moore, AT Komar, N AF Brown, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Moore, Amy T. Komar, Nicholas TI Bird movement predicts Buggy Creek virus infection in insect vectors SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; bird movement; Buggy Creek virus; coloniality; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota; Oeciacus vicarius; virus ecology ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA; FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; OECIACUS-VICARIUS; MIGRATING BIRDS; COLONIAL BIRD; LYME-DISEASE; WILD BIRDS AB Predicting the spatial foci of zoonotic diseases is a major challenge for epidemiologists and disease ecologists. Migratory birds are often thought to be responsible for introducing some aviozoonotic pathogens such as West Nile and avian influenza viruses to a local area, but most information on how bird movement correlates with virus prevalence is anecdotal or indirect. We report that the prevalence of Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) infection in cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius), the principal invertebrate vector for this virus, was directly associated with the likelihood of movement by cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), an amplifying host for the virus, between nesting colonies. The prevalence of BCRV in bugs was also directly correlated with the number of swallows immigrating into a site. Birds that move into a site are often transient individuals that may have more often encountered virus elsewhere. These results indicate that the magnitude and direction of daily bird movement in a local area can accurately predict transmission foci for this virus and provide rare quantitative evidence that birds can play a critical role in the dispersal of certain vector-borne viruses. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI057569] NR 54 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0646 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100003 PM 17760513 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Alva, H Ellis, BA Wagoner, KD Childs, JE Calderon, G Enria, DA Jahrling, PB AF Mills, James N. Alva, Herminia Ellis, Barbara A. Wagoner, Kent D. Childs, James E. Calderon, Gladys Enria, Delia A. Jahrling, Peter B. TI Dynamics of oliveros virus infection in rodents in central Argentina SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; field studies; rodent-borne; zoonotic ID SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; JUNIN VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LONG-TERM; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; ARENAVIRUS; RESERVOIR; COLORADO AB Oliveros virus (OLV) is an arenavirus hosted by the sigmodontine rodent, Necromys benefactus, in central Argentina. We report a 3-year longitudinal field study of the dynamics of OLV infection in host populations from 15 localities in two provinces on the central Argentine pampa. There was an overall 3-year period immunofluorescent antibody prevalence of 25% in the host population, and infected hosts were found throughout the study area. Spill-over infection into common sympatric species was rare. Infection dynamics exhibited many of the patterns seen for other rodent-borne arenaviruses and hantaviruses, but had some unique characteristics. Host population density was highest in autumn and lowest in spring, while antibody prevalence was highest in spring and lowest in autumn. Virus transmission was horizontal: infection was strongly associated with age, reaching 45% prevalence in the oldest individuals, and prevalence of infection was equal among male and female hosts. Infection may have been associated with scars, which were also approximately equally distributed among male and female Necromys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terr Preparedness Emergency Resp, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina. US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jum0@cdc.gov RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0599 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100004 PM 17760514 ER PT J AU Madhav, NK Wagoner, KD Douglass, RJ Mills, JN AF Madhav, Nita K. Wagoner, Kent D. Douglass, Richard J. Mills, James N. TI Delayed density-dependent prevalence of Sin Nombre virus antibody in Montana deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and implications for human disease risk SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; hantavirus; modeling; rodent-borne; zoonosis ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; LONG-TERM; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; RODENT POPULATIONS; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; HOST AB American hantaviruses cause a severe respiratory disease known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In the United States, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), carried by the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), is the etiologic agent in the majority of HPS cases. The relationship between deer mouse population density and SNV infection prevalence in deer mice is poorly understood. Our purpose was to clarify this relationship by demonstrating the existence of delayed-density-dependent prevalence of SNV infection in populations of wild deer mice. We also explored the relationship between SNV infection in deer mouse populations and the incidence of human HPS. The study population was 3,616 deer mice captured on 10 mark-recapture grids in Montana during May and September, 1994-2004. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found a strong association between deer mouse population density in fall (September) and SNV antibody prevalence in deer mice the following spring (May). Other characteristics associated with SNV infection in deer mice in spring were: (1) presence of at least one infected deer mouse in the population the previous fall, (2) male gender, (3) adult age class, (4) presence of scars, (5) grassland and logged habitats, and (6) elevations below 1,300 m. There was a strong association between concurrently measured SNV antibody prevalence in deer mice and probable exposure of human HPS cases during the same time period. Human cases were more likely to occur during seasons when SNV antibody prevalence was at least 10% in deer mouse populations. These findings suggest that fall rodent population parameters could be used to help guide prevention efforts the following spring. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Montana Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Butte, MT USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Exercise & Sport Med, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jum0@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16455-04] NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0605 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100009 PM 17767405 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Aggarwal, D Apperson, CS Katholi, CR Gordon, E Hassan, HK Anderson, M Charnetzky, D McMillen, L Unnasch, EA Unnasch, TR AF Savage, Harry M. Aggarwal, Deepak Apperson, Charles S. Katholi, Charles R. Gordon, Emily Hassan, K. Hassan Anderson, Michael Charnetzky, Dawn McMillen, Larry Unnasch, Emily A. Unnasch, Thomas R. TI Host choice and West Nile virus infection rates in blood-fed mosquitoes, including members of the Culex pipiens complex, from Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 2002-2003 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mosquito host preference; mosquito bloodmeal identification; Culex pipiens pipiens; Culex quinquefasciatus; West Nile virus ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; NEW-YORK-CITY; FEEDING PATTERNS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; NORTH-CAROLINA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CULICIDAE AB The source of bloodmeals in 2,082 blood-fed mosquitoes collected from February 2002 through December 2003 in Memphis and surrounding areas of Shelby County, Tennessee were determined. Members of the genus Culex and Anopheles quadrimaculatus predominated in the collections. Members of the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. restuans were found to feed predominately upon avian hosts, though mammalian hosts made up a substantial proportion of the bloodmeals in these species. No significant difference was seen in the host class of bloodmeals in mosquitoes identified as Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, or hybrids between these two taxa. Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Cx. erraticus fed primarily upon mammalian hosts. Three avian species (the American Robin, the Common Grackle, and the Northern Cardinal) made up the majority of avian-derived bloodmeals, with the American Robin representing the most frequently fed upon avian host. An analysis of these host feeding data using a modification of a transmission model for Eastern Equine encephalitis virus suggested that the American Robin and Common Grackle represented the most important reservoir hosts for West Nile virus. A temporal analysis of the feeding patterns of the dominant Culex species did not support a shift in feeding behavior away from robins to mammals late in the summer. However, a significant degree of temporal variation was noted in the proportion of robin-derived bloodmeals when the data were analyzed by semi-monthly periods throughout the summers of 2002 and 2003. This pattern was consistent with the hypothesis that the mosquitoes were preferentially feeding upon nesting birds. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Gorgas Ctr Geog Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Memphis Shelby Cty Vector Control, Memphis, TN USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM HMS1@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01 CI000226]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049724, R01 AI049724-08] NR 63 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 365 EP 386 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0602 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100010 PM 17767413 ER PT J AU Bamberg, WM Pape, WJ Beebe, JL Nevin-Woods, C Ray, W Maguire, H Nucci, J Massung, RF Gershman, K AF Bamberg, Wendy M. Pape, W. John Beebe, James L. Nevin-Woods, Christine Ray, William Maguire, Hugh Nucci, Justin Massung, Robert F. Gershman, Ken TI Outbreak of Q fever associated with a horse-boarding ranch, Colorado, 2005 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coxiella; Q fever; zoonosis; zoonotic ID COXIELLA-BURNETII; GOATS AB Coxiella burnetii is a bacterium located worldwide that can cause Q fever when inhaled. We describe an outbreak of Q fever associated with a horse-boarding ranch that had acquired two herds of goats. We conducted case finding and cohort studies among persons who boarded horses on the ranch and ranchers and among residents in the surrounding community, and conducted sampling of the goats and environment, to determine risk factors for infection and guide public health interventions. Sixty-six ranchers and persons who boarded horses on the ranch were interviewed; 62 (94%) were not professional ranchers. Twenty persons (53%) of 38 persons tested had evidence of infection with C. burnetti. Contact with goats was associated with seropositivity, including having helped birth goats (relative risk [RR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-3.6), having had contact with newborn goats (RR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.3), having vaccinated goats (RR 2.1, CI 1.3-3.5), having had contact with stillbirths or newborns that died (RR 2.1, CI 1.2-3.7), and having fed goats (RR 2.1, CI 1.0-4.3). Among 138 tested persons living within 1 mile of the ranch, 11 (8%) demonstrated evidence of C. burnetii infection; eight seropositive persons (73%) had no direct contact with the ranch. Testing of the soil and goats with an IS1111 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed the presence of C. burnetii among the herd and in the environment. This outbreak of Q fever was caused by exposure to infected goats, but exposure to the environment likely played a secondary role. Laypersons should not participate in the birthing process of goats; professionals who come into contact with birthing goats should be educated on reducing their infection risk. This is the first time an IS1111 PCR assay has been used in an outbreak investigation in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Pueblo Cty Hlth Dept, Pueblo, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bamberg, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wendy.bamberg@epchealth.org NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0104 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100012 PM 17896873 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Oliveira, A Moriarity, J Robinson, JB Tokarevich, NK Antyukova, LP Pyanyh, VA Emeljanova, ON Ignatjeva, VN Buzinov, R Pyankova, V Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Oliveira, Alice Moriarity, John Robinson, Jennilee B. Tokarevich, Nikolay K. Antyukova, Ludmila P. Pyanyh, Valentina A. Emeljanova, Olga N. Ignatjeva, Valentina N. Buzinov, Roman Pyankova, Valentina Dasch, Gregory A. TI Detection and identification of bacterial agents in Ixodes persulcatus Schulze ticks from the North Western region of Russia SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ixodes persulcatus; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ehrlichia muris; Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae; multiplex PCR; quantitative PCR ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; BABESIA-MICROTI; RICINUS TICKS; BALTIC REGIONS; NEW-JERSEY; EHRLICHIA; PREVALENCE; RICKETTSIA AB Ixodes persulcatus Schultze ticks are traditionally associated with transmission of Lyme disease, babesiosis, and tick-borne encephalitis. Here we compared the prevalence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsial and ehrlichial agents in I. persulcatus ticks collected in different locations of the North Western administrative region of Russia. Altogether, 27.7% of ticks were infected with at least one organism, while the DNA of two or more bacteria was found in 11.8% of ticks tested. The highest average prevalence of Anaplasmataceae (20.8%) was detected in ticks from Arkhangel'sk province, while the prevalence in ticks from Novgorod province and St. Petersburg, respectively, was 7.3% and 12.2%. Only Ehrlichia muris DNA was identified by DNA sequencing. In comparison, the prevalence of B. burdorferi DNA was 16.6%, 5.8%, and 24.5% in the respective locations. The 382-bp amplicon of gltA from Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae was detected in 2.75% and 1.6%, respectively, of ticks from Arkhangel'sk and Novgorod provinces, extending further west and north the area where this rickettsia is known to be present. DNA of the rickettsia-like endosymbiont Montezuma was primarily associated with female ticks, 8-28% of which were infected. Since I. persuicatus is so commonly infected with multiple agents that may cause human diseases, exposure to these ticks poses significant risk to human health in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Pasteur Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, St Petersburg, Russia. St Petersburg Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, St Petersburg, Russia. Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, Novgorod, Russia. Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, Arkhangelsk, Russia. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM MEremeeva@cdc.gov RI Tokarevich, Nikolay/H-1877-2012; OI Tokarevich, Nikolay/0000-0001-6433-3486; Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0112 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100016 PM 17767409 ER PT J AU Briggs, D Hanlon, CA AF Briggs, D. Hanlon, C. A. TI World Rabies Day: focusing attention on a neglected disease SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article AB Rabies kills 55,000 people every year mainly in Africa and Asia, despite being entirely preventable through vaccination and prompt medical treatment. Spurred on by this statistic, the first ever World Rabies Day will be held on September 8 in order to raise global awareness of rabies prevention and control. The driving force behind the initiative is the Alliance for Rabies Control, a charity formed in 2006 by a group of researchers and professionals committed to eradicating rabies. To mark the event, The Veterinary Record has commissioned experts in the field of rabies control to discuss what veterinary surgeons have done and can do to tackle this devastating disease. The message that emerges is that veterinary surgeons, in close collaboration with the medical profession, have a vital role to play. In the first article, Deborah Briggs from Kansas State University and Cathleen Hanlon from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA describe the impetus behind the day, who is supporting it and what it hopes to achieve. Articles on the following pages describe other veterinary contributions to this field. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Briggs, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 161 IS 9 BP 288 EP 289 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 212EH UT WOS:000249575900011 PM 17766802 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE AF Rupprecht, C. E. TI Veterinary responsibility in management of 'the incurable wound' SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID RABIES VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; FOXES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 161 IS 9 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 212EH UT WOS:000249575900013 PM 17766804 ER PT J AU Oberste, AS Maher, K Nix, WA Michele, SM Uddin, M Schnurr, D al-Busaidy, S Akoua-Koffi, C Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, A. Steven Maher, Kaija Nix, William A. Michele, Suzanne M. Uddin, Moyez Schnurr, David al-Busaidy, Suleiman Akoua-Koffi, Chantal Pallansch, Mark A. TI Molecular identification of 13 new enterovirus types, EV79-88, EV97, and EV100-101, members of the species Human Enterovirus B SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE enterovirus; new serotype; molecular typing; Human Enterovirus B ID RT-PCR; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SEQUENCES; VP1; AMPLIFICATION; SEROTYPES; PROTEIN; GENOME; REGION AB Molecular methods have enabled the rapid identification of new enterovirus (EV) serotypes that are untypeable using existing neutralizing antisera. As a result, sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene has been developed as a surrogate for antigenic typing to distinguish enterovirus types. In this study, 17 enterovirus isolates from four countries were identified as members of 13 new types within the species Human Enterovirus B (HEV-B) by complete genome sequencing. Members of each of these new types are at least 75% identical to one another (91% amino acid identity) in VP1, but members of different types differ from one another and from other enteroviruses by at least 27% in nucleotide sequence (26% amino acid sequence difference). The complete PI (capsid) sequences of the new types are at least 17% different from those of all other enterovirus serotypes (14.5% amino acid sequence difference), but they are highly conserved within a type (<8% amino acid sequence difference). For both VP1 and P I, the 17 isolates are monophyletic by type with respect to all other EV serotypes. The P2 and P3 sequences are closely related to those of other HEV-B viruses (>93% amino acid identity), confirming that the 17 new strains belong to HEV-B. We propose that these 17 isolates be classified as members of 13 new human enterovirus types, enteroviruses 79-88, 97, and 100-101. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Hlth Affairs, Dept Lab, Muscat, Oman. Inst Pasteur Abidijan, Natl Polio Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Oberste, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.04.001 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 208HP UT WOS:000249310700005 ER PT J AU Chen, H Bright, RA Subbarao, K Smith, C Cox, NJ Katz, JM Matsuoka, Y AF Chen, Hualan Bright, Rick A. Subbarao, Kanta Smith, Catherine Cox, Nancy J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Matsuoka, Yumiko TI Polygenic virulence factors involved in pathogenesis of 1997 Hong Kong H5N1 influenza viruses in mice SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE H5N1 influenza virus; mouse virulence ID A H5N1; SURFACE-PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; MOUSE MODEL; HEMAGGLUTININ; PATHOGENICITY; HUMANS; REPLICATION AB Virulence factors of influenza A (H5N1) viruses collected in 1997 from mammalian hosts were examined using a BALB/c mouse model. Fifteen amino acid (aa) residues in four influenza virus genes which correlated with high- and low-pathogenic phenotypes in mice were identified by analyzing sequence alignments. In addition to these specific residues, the effects of aa residue 627 of the PB2 gene, and the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes were also investigated using a reverse genetics system established with representative viruses of low (A/Hong Kong/486/97) and high (A/Hong Kong/483/97) pathogenicity for mice. None of 15 aa residues alone had any effect on virulence. The HA and NA genes had a synergistic effect on virulence and the absence of a glycosylation site at aa 154 in the HA gene also increased virulence of virus. Multiple genes are involved in Virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses for mice with the presence of lysine at aa627 in the PB2 gene exhibiting a Significantly larger effect than the HA and NA genes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matsuoka, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yxm2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.04.017 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 208HP UT WOS:000249310700022 PM 17521765 ER PT J AU Liu, X Bankamp, B Xu, WB Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Liu, Xin Bankamp, Bettina Xu, Wenbo Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI The genomic termini of wild-type and vaccine strains of measles virus (vol 122, pg 78, 2006) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, MS-C-22 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.04.009 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 208HP UT WOS:000249310700023 ER PT J AU Beckett, SM Komar, N Doherty, PE AF Beckett, Susan M. Komar, Nicholas Doherty, Paul E., Jr. TI Population estimates for Eurasian collared-dove in Northeastern Colorado SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; STREPTOPELIA-DECAOCTO; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; MARK-RECAPTURE; MODEL AB Eurasian Collared-doves (Streptopelia decaocto) have colonized small rural towns throughout Colorado. We document their occurrence in 23 towns in Weld and Larimer counties in northeastern Colorado during the 2004 breeding season. Estimated population sizes in these towns ranged from 0 to 154 birds. Population increases were detected in 17 towns across the 2-month breeding season (Jun-Aug) with these increases ranging from 1.1- to 6.9-fold. We interpret these data as indicating successful breeding and expanding populations. These are the first reliable data on population sizes of Eurasian Collared-dove in North America and may benefit management strategies for this invasive species in Colorado and elsewhere in the Great Plains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Beckett, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nkomar@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP 471 EP 475 DI 10.1676/05-064.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 210OV UT WOS:000249466400020 ER PT J AU Aidoo, M Otten, RA Rodriguez, V Sariol, CA Martinez, M Kraiselburd, E Robinson, H Folks, T Butera, S Ellenberger, D AF Aidoo, Michael Otten, Ronald A. Rodriguez, Vanessa Sariol, Carlos A. Martinez, Melween Kraiselburd, Edmundo Robinson, Harriet Folks, Thomas Butera, Salvatore Ellenberger, Dennis TI Absence of SHIV infection in gut and lymph node tissues in rhesus monkeys after repeated rectal challenges following HIV-1 DNA/MVA immunizations SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE sequestered virus; GALT; DNA/MVA vaccine ID T-CELL RESPONSES; SIMIAN/HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SIV INFECTION; AIDS VACCINE; VIREMIA AB We reported previously the absence of systemic infection in a subset of macaques vaccinated with an HIV-1 DNA/MVA vaccine after 18 or more rectal challenges with low (physiologically relevant) doses of SHIV162P3. To further study the apparent protection, we looked for sequestered virus in gut tissues, lymph nodes, spleen, and testes obtained at necropsy using virus co-culture and nested PCR for SIV Gag, Pol and LTR. There was no evidence of sequestered virus in tissues obtained from the four protected macaques. In contrast, at least one tissue from each of I I infected animals scored positive by one of these sensitive procedures. Activated PBMC from the protected macaques were not inherently resistant to in vitro infection by the challenge virus. These findings demonstrate that some vaccinated macaques appeared to be free from the challenge virus. Therefore, such T cell-based vaccines may provide some protection when challenge virus doses approach physiological equivalencies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, San Juan, PR 00935 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Aidoo, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maidoo@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 29 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 35 BP 6474 EP 6481 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.014 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 205UO UT WOS:000249140300005 PM 17688978 ER PT J AU Nahin, RL Dahlhamer, JM Taylor, BL Barnes, PM Stussman, BJ Simile, CM Blackman, MR Chesney, MA Jackson, M Miller, H McFann, KK AF Nahin, Richard L. Dahlhamer, James M. Taylor, Beth L. Barnes, Patricia M. Stussman, Barbara J. Simile, Catherine M. Blackman, Marc R. Chesney, Margaret A. Jackson, Morgan Miller, Heather McFann, Kim K. TI Health behaviors and risk factors in those who use complementary and alternative medicine SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES ADULTS; ORTHODOX MEDICINE; LIFE-STYLES; ASSOCIATION; ISSUES AB Background: Surveys have generally found that individuals more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine are female, live in the western United States, are likely to have a health complaint, and have a higher socioeconomic status than do nonusers. What is not known is the extent to which those who use complementary and alternative medicine also engage in positive health behaviors, such as smoking cessation or increased physical activity and/or exhibit fewer health risk factors such as obesity. This has been identified as a key research question in a recent Institute of Medicine report. In the present study we sought to determine whether the use of complementary and alternative medicine is associated with health behaviors or risk factors known to impact on health status. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional regression analysis using data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Data were collected in-person from 31,044 adults throughout the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Results: After controlling for a range of other factors, we found that engaging in leisure-time physical activity, having consumed alcohol in one's life but not being a current heavy drinker, and being a former smoker are independently associated with the use of CAM. Obese individuals are slightly less likely to use CAM than individuals with a healthy body-mass index. No significant associations were observed between receipt of an influenza vaccine and CAM use. Conclusion: Those engaging in positive health behaviors and exhibiting fewer health risk factors are more likely to use CAM than those who forgo positive health behaviors or exhibit more health risk factors. The fact that users of CAM tend to pursue generally healthy lifestyles suggests that they may be open to additional recommendations toward optimizing their health. C1 Natl Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Nahin, RL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, Natl Inst Hlth, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nahinr@mail.nih.gov; fzd2@cdc.gov; bft8@cdc.gov; plb8@cdc.gov; bjs6@cdc.gov; cus4@cdc.gov; Marc.Blackman@va.gov; chesneym@mail.nih.gov OI Nahin, Richard/0000-0002-3682-4816 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD AUG 27 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 217 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-217 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225FI UT WOS:000250502100001 PM 17723149 ER PT J AU Glasscock, S Welch, J Dailer, J Elmer, W Kline, K del Rosario, M Myers, M Buckel, T Cvetnick, E Myers, R Johnson, A Rosen, B Perry, B Hall, A AF Glasscock, S. Welch, J. Dailer, J. Elmer, W. Kline, K. del Rosario, M. Myers, M. Buckel, T. Cvetnick, E. Myers, R. Johnson, A. Rosen, B. Perry, B. Hall, A. TI Multistate outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among attendees at a family reunion - Grant County, West Virginia, October 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 673-678, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS C1 W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 8 BP 854 EP 856 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 202CS UT WOS:000248880200007 ER PT J AU Derk, SJ Marsh, SM Jackson, LL AF Derk, S. J. Marsh, S. M. Jackson, L. L. TI Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 393-397, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENTS C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Derk, SJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 8 BP 856 EP 858 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 202CS UT WOS:000248880200008 ER PT J AU Towner, JS Pourrut, X Albarino, CG Nkogue, CN Bird, BH Grard, G Ksiazek, TG Gonzalez, JP Nichol, ST Leroy, EM AF Towner, Jonathan S. Pourrut, Xavier Albarino, Cesar G. Nkogue, Chimene Nze Bird, Brian H. Grard, Gilda Ksiazek, Thomas G. Gonzalez, Jean-Paul Nichol, Stuart T. Leroy, Eric M. TI Marburg Virus Infection Detected in a Common African Bat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Marburg and Ebola viruses can cause large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with high case fatality (80-90%) in human and great apes. Identification of the natural reservoir of these viruses is one of the most important topics in this field and a fundamental key to understanding their natural history. Despite the discovery of this virus family almost 40 years ago, the search for the natural reservoir of these lethal pathogens remains an enigma despite numerous ecological studies. Here, we report the discovery of Marburg virus in a common species of fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Gabon as shown by finding virus-specific RNA and IgG antibody in individual bats. These Marburg virus positive bats represent the first naturally infected non-primate animals identified. Furthermore, this is the first report of Marburg virus being present in this area of Africa, thus extending the known range of the virus. These data imply that more areas are at risk for MHF outbreaks than previously realized and correspond well with a recently published report in which three species of fruit bats were demonstrated to be likely reservoirs for Ebola virus. C1 [Pourrut, Xavier; Nkogue, Chimene Nze; Grard, Gilda; Leroy, Eric M.] Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. [Towner, Jonathan S.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Bird, Brian H.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Nichol, Stuart T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pourrut, Xavier; Leroy, Eric M.] Inst Rech Dev, UR178, Franceville, Gabon. [Bird, Brian H.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gonzalez, Jean-Paul] Inst Rech Dev, UR178, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP Leroy, EM (reprint author), Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon. EM eric.leroy@ird.fr RI LEROY, Eric/I-4347-2016; OI LEROY, Eric/0000-0003-0022-0890; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-3063-1770 FU Government of the United States of America; Government of Gabon, Total-Fina-Elf Gabon; Ministere de la Cooperation Francaise; Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres de la France [FSP ndegrees 2002005700] FX CDC is supported by the Government of the United States of America. CIRMF is supported by the Government of Gabon, Total-Fina-Elf Gabon, and the Ministere de la Cooperation Francaise. This work was also supported by a Fonds de Solidarite Prioritaire grant from the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres de la France (FSP n degrees 2002005700). NR 14 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 8 AR e764 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000764 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HO UT WOS:000207455300012 PM 17712412 ER PT J AU Daneman, N Green, KA Low, DE Simor, AE Willey, B Schwartz, B Toye, B Jessamine, P Tyrrell, GJ Krajden, S Ramage, L Rose, D Schertzberg, R Bragg, D McGeer, A AF Daneman, Nick Green, Karen A. Low, Donald E. Simor, Andrew E. Willey, Barbara Schwartz, Benjamin Toye, Baldwin Jessamine, Peter Tyrrell, Gregory J. Krajden, Sigmund Ramage, Lee Rose, David Schertzberg, Ruth Bragg, Delena McGeer, Allison CA Ontario Grp A Streptococcal St Grp TI Surveillance for hospital outbreaks of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada, 1992 to 2000 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; WOUND INFECTIONS; ANAL CARRIER; BURNS UNIT; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; VAGINAL CARRIER; NEWBORN NURSERY; MATERNITY UNIT AB Background: Streptococcus pyogenes can cause severe disease in the individual patient and dramatic hospital outbreaks. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of hospital outbreaks of invasive group A streptococcal infection in order to understand the potential benefit of proposed outbreak investigation and management strategies. Design: Prospective, population-based surveillance. Setting: Short-term care hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Patients: Persons with a positive culture for group A streptococcus from a normally sterile site between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2000. Measurements: Laboratory-based surveillance identified patients with nosocomial invasive group A streptococcal infection. Epidemiologic and microbiological investigations were used to detect transmission. Results: Of 2351 cases of invasive group A streptococcal disease, 291 (12%) were hospital acquired. Twenty-nine (10%) nosocomial cases occurred as part of 20 outbreaks. Seventy percent (14 of 20) of outbreaks involved nonsurgical, nonobstetric patients. Community-acquired cases initiated 25% of outbreaks; most were cases of necrotizing fasciitis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. outbreaks were small (median, 2 cases [range, 2 to 10 cases]) and short (median duration, 6 days [range, 0 to 30 days]). The median time between the first 2 cases was 4.5 days. The most common mode of propagation was patient-to-patient transmission. A staff carrier was the primary mode of transmission in 2 (10%) outbreaks, but 1 or more health care workers were colonized with the outbreak strain in 6 of 18 (33%) other outbreaks. Limitations: Some outbreaks with 1 case of invasive disease may have been missed; advice provided to participating hospitals may have reduced the number and size of outbreaks. Conclusions: Practices to prevent hospital transmission of group A streptococci should include isolation of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with necrotizing fasciitis, investigation after a single nosocomial case, and emphasis on identifying and treating health care worker carriers on surgical and obstetric services and patient reservoirs on other wards. C1 Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, St Josephs Hlth Ctr,Scarborough Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Humber River Reg Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Ctr Streptococus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Hamilton Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Grand River Hosp, Waterloo, ON, Canada. RP McGeer, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, St Josephs Hlth Ctr,Scarborough Hosp, Room 210,600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM amcgeer@mtsinai.on.ca RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU PHS HHS [200-94-0877, 200-91-0929] NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 4 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 201AP UT WOS:000248804200003 PM 17709757 ER PT J AU Yadav, PD Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST AF Yadav, Pragya D. Vincent, Martin J. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COILED-COIL DOMAIN; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; INDIA; GENUS; RNA AB Thottapalayam ( TPM) virus belongs to the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. The genomes of hantaviruses consist of three negative- stranded RNA segments ( S, M and L) encoding the virus nucleocapsid ( N), glycoprotein ( Gn, Gc), and polymerase ( L) proteins, respectively. The genus Hantavirus contains predominantly rodent- borne viruses, with the prominent exception of TPM virus which was isolated in India in 1964 from an insectivore, Suncus murinus, commonly referred to as the Asian house shrew or brown musk shrew. Analysis of the available TPM virus S ( 1530 nt) RNA genome segment sequence and the newly derived M ( 3621 nt) and L ( 6581 nt) segment sequences demonstrate that the entire TPM virus genome is very unique. Remarkably high sequence differences are seen at the nucleotide ( up to S - 47%, M - 49%, L - 38%) and protein ( up to N - 54%, Gn/ Gc - 57% and L - 39%) levels relative to the rodent- borne hantaviruses, consistent with TPM virus having a unique host association. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Special Pathogen Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Virol, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Special Pathogen Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yadavpd@icmr.org.in; mvincent@cdc.gov; snichol@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 80 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-4-80 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 218EU UT WOS:000249999600001 PM 17711577 ER PT J AU Patterson, DG AF Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI ANYL 310-Scientific contributions of Ray Clement to public health SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dgp1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 310-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901457 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Slimani, N Hallmans, FG Tjonneland, A Stromberg, U AF Vesper, Hubert W. Slimani, Nadia Hallmans, France Goran Tjonneland, Anne Stromberg, Ulf TI AGFD 100-Cross-sectional study on acrylamide exposure, using hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers: Results from the EPIC study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.] CDC, NCEH DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Slimani, Nadia] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Hallmans, France Goran] Umea Univ, Dept Nutrit Res, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Tjonneland, Anne] Danish Canc Soc, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Stromberg, Ulf] Lund Univ, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. EM HVesper@cdc.gov; slimani@iarc.fr; goran.hallmans@nutrires.umu.se; annet@cancer.dk; ulf.stromberg@med.lu.se NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 100-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900216 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Poland, GA AF Sambhara, Suryaprakash Poland, Gregory A. TI Breaking the immunogenicity barrier of bird flu vaccines SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLUENZA; H5N1 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Rochester, MN USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 18 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9587 BP 544 EP 545 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61269-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 201HA UT WOS:000248820900006 PM 17707733 ER PT J AU Goeppinger, J Armstrong, B Schwartz, T Ensley, D Brady, TJ AF Goeppinger, Jean Armstrong, Brian Schwartz, Todd Ensley, Donald Brady, Teresa J. TI Self-management education for persons with arthritis: Managing comorbidity and eliminating health disparities SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE health disparity; community-based patient education; disease self-management ID OSTEOARTHRITIS OA; RATED HEALTH; PROGRAM; MORTALITY; COST AB Objective. To compare short-term and long-term effectiveness of the Arthritis Self-Help Course (ASHC) and the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) for persons with arthritis concerning health care use, health-related quality of life, health behaviors, and arthritis self-efficacy. Methods. Forty-eight workshops were randomized to the ASHC (n = 26) or CDSMP (n = 22). A total of 416 individuals, including 365 African Americans, participated. The mean age for each group was 64 years, mean years of education was 11.7, mean number of chronic conditions was 4, and 75-80% of participants in each group were female. Multivariate statistical tests were used to assess effectiveness within and between programs for all workshop participants and African Americans. Results. At 4 months all ASHC participants including African Americans, had significant improvements (P <= 0.05) in self-efficacy, stretching and strengthening exercises, aerobic exercises, and general health. All CDSMP participants had statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy, disability, pain, and general health. African American CDSMP participants showed statistically significant improvements in general health. Trends toward improvement (P = 0.051-0.100) were shown in 5 variables among African American CDSMP participants and in 4 variables among all CDSMP Participants. Statistically significant differences between the 2 programs at 4 months were seen in pain and disability in both groups. The CDSMP produced stronger results. Significant results at 1 year within and between programs were minimal for both groups. Conclusion. When populations with arthritis and multiple comorbid conditions are targeted, the CDSMP may be most cost effective. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goeppinger, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jgoeppin@email.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 FU Intramural NIH HHS; PHS HHS [CDC 52233-22/22] NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1088 DI 10.1002/art.22896 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 199OT UT WOS:000248705800027 PM 17665471 ER PT J AU Perry, HN McDonnell, SM Alemu, W Nsubuga, P Chungong, S Otten, MW Lusambadikassa, PS Thacker, SB AF Perry, Helen N. McDonnell, Sharon M. Alemu, Wondimagegnehu Nsubuga, Peter Chungong, Stella Otten, Mac W., Jr. Lusambadikassa, Paul S. Thacker, Stephen B. TI Planning an integrated disease surveillance and response system: a matrix of skills and activities SO BMC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFRICA AB Background: The threat of a global influenza pandemic and the adoption of the World Health Organization ( WHO) International Health Regulations ( 2005) highlight the value of well-coordinated, functional disease surveillance systems. The resulting demand for timely information challenges public health leaders to design, develop and implement efficient, flexible and comprehensive systems that integrate staff, resources, and information systems to conduct infectious disease surveillance and response. To understand what resources an integrated disease surveillance and response system would require, we analyzed surveillance requirements for 19 priority infectious diseases targeted for an integrated disease surveillance and response strategy in the WHO African region. Methods: We conducted a systematic task analysis to identify and standardize surveillance objectives, surveillance case definitions, action thresholds, and recommendations for 19 priority infectious diseases. We grouped the findings according to surveillance and response functions and related them to community, health facility, district, national and international levels. Results: The outcome of our analysis is a matrix of generic skills and activities essential for an integrated system. We documented how planners used the matrix to assist in finding gaps in current systems, prioritizing plans of action, clarifying indicators for monitoring progress, and developing instructional goals for applied epidemiology and in-service training programs. Conclusion: The matrix for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) in the African region made clear the linkage between public health surveillance functions and participation across all levels of national health systems. The matrix framework is adaptable to requirements for new programs and strategies. This framework makes explicit the essential tasks and activities that are required for strengthening or expanding existing surveillance systems that will be able to adapt to current and emerging public health threats. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. RP Perry, HN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hap5@cdc.gov; sharon.mcdonnell@dartmouth.edu; alemuw@afro.who.int; pcn0@cdc.gov; chungongs@who.int; mwo2@cdc.gov; lusambap@afro.who.int; sbt1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1741-7015 J9 BMC MED JI BMC Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 5 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1741-7015-5-24 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 213YS UT WOS:000249703800001 PM 17697387 ER PT J AU James, L Vernon, MO Jones, RC Stewart, A Lu, XY Zollar, LM Chudoba, M Westercamp, M Alcasid, G Duffee-Kerr, L Wood, L Boonlayangoor, S Bethel, C Ritger, K Conover, C Erdman, DD Gerber, SI AF James, Lyn Vernon, Michael O. Jones, Roderick C. Stewart, Anita Lu, Xiaoyan Zollar, Lowell M. Chudoba, Maria Westercamp, Matthew Alcasid, Grace Duffee-Kerr, Liane Wood, Linda Boonlayangoor, Sue Bethel, Cindy Ritger, Kathleen Conover, Craig Erdman, Dean D. Gerber, Susan I. TI Outbreak of human adenovirus type 3 infection in a pediatric long-term care facility - Illinois, 2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GENOME ANALYSIS; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; CONJUNCTIVITIS; STRAINS; JAPAN; PCR AB Background. Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) causes severe respiratory illness in children, but outbreaks in long-term care facilities have not been frequently reported. We describe an outbreak of HAdV-3 infection in a long-term care facility for children with severe neurologic impairment, where only 3 of 63 residents were ambulatory. Methods. A clinical case of HAdV-3 was defined as fever (temperature, >= 38.0 degrees C) and either a worsening of respiratory symptoms or conjunctivitis in a resident, with illness onset from June through August 2005. We reviewed medical records; conducted surveillance for fever, conjunctivitis, and respiratory symptoms; and collected nasopharyngeal and conjunctival specimens from symptomatic residents. Specimens were cultured in HAdV-permissive cell lines or were analyzed by HAdV-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. Results. Thirty-five (56%) of 63 residents had illnesses that met the case definition; 17 patients (49%) were admitted to intensive care units, and 2 (6%) died. Patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit for a total of 233 patient-days. Illness onset dates ranged from 1 June through 24 August 2005. Thirty-two patients (91%) had respiratory infection, and 3 (9%) had conjunctivitis. HAdV was identified by culture or PCR in 20 patients. Nine isolates were characterized as HAdV-3 genome type a2. Conclusions. Considering the limited mobility of residents and their reliance on respiratory care, transmission of HAdV-3 infection during this outbreak likely occurred through respiratory care provided by staff. In environments where patients with susceptible underlying conditions reside, HAdV infection should be considered when patients are identified with worsening respiratory disease, and rapid diagnostic tests for HAdV infection should be readily available to help identify and curtail the spread of this pathogen. C1 Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Chicago Hosp, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Oak Pk, IL USA. Childrens Habilitat Ctr, Harvey, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerber, SI (reprint author), Dept Publ Hlth, 2160 W Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM gerber_sue@cdph.org NR 35 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.1086/519938 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 190SK UT WOS:000248079500002 PM 17638187 ER PT J AU Remington, N Stevens, RD Wells, RS Holn, A Dhungana, S Taboy, CH Crumbliss, AL Henkens, R Bonaventura, C AF Remington, Nicole Stevens, Robert D. Wells, Randall S. Holn, Aleta Dhungana, Suraj Taboy, Celine H. Crumbliss, Alvin L. Henkens, Robert Bonaventura, Celia TI Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins SO GENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Dioxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins CY SEP 03-07, 2006 CL Naples, ITALY DE population diversity; alleles; oxygen binding; allostery; redox chemistry ID WEDDELL SEALS; BLOOD-OXYGEN; HEMATOLOGY; MYOGLOBIN; CHEMISTRY; PORPOISES; TURSIOPS; BINDING; ECOLOGY; WHALES AB Studies of structure-function relationships in the respiratory proteins of marine mammals revealed unexpected variations in the number and types of hemoglobins (Hbs) present in coastal bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. We obtained blood samples from free-ranging coastal bottlenose dolphins as a component of capture-release studies. We found that the oxygen-binding functions of bottlenose dolphin blood are poised between effector-saturated and unsaturated levels, enabling exercise-dependent shifts in oxygen transfer functions. Isolated bottlenose dolphin Hbs showed elevated pH sensitivities (Bohr effects) and appreciably lower oxygen affinities than adult human Hb in the absence of allosteric effectors. These properties may be an adaptive modification that enhances oxygen delivery during diving episodes when oxygen tensions and effector levels are low. The Hbs of individual dolphins showed similar oxygen affinities, responses to effectors, and expression of heme-heme interaction in oxygen binding, but differed in their redox potentials and rates of autoxidation. The heterogeneity suggested by these functional variations in Hbs of individual dolphins was born out by variations in the molecular weights and numbers of their alpha and beta globin chains. Although coastal bottlenose dolphins were expected to have a single type of Hb, the mass differences observed revealed considerable genetic diversity. There were multiple Hb forms in some individuals and differences in Hb patterns among individuals within the same community. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Sarah W Stedman Nutr & Metab Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NOAA, Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NCDWQ, Aquat Toxicol Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, NCHHSTP CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bonaventura, C (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bona@duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL071064, R01 HL058248-05, 5P01-HL-071064-04] NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 398 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.050 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 200SX UT WOS:000248784200015 PM 17604574 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, AB Begley, EB Sullivan, P Clark, HA Boyett, BC Kellerman, SE AF Hutchinson, Angela B. Begley, Elin B. Sullivan, Patrick Clark, Hollie A. Boyett, Brian C. Kellerman, Scott E. TI Conspiracy beliefs and trust in information about HIV/AIDS among minority men who have sex with men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchinson, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 603 EP 605 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181151262 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 198IU UT WOS:000248621200022 PM 17704688 ER PT J AU Lee, MA Aynalem, G Kerndt, K Tabidze, I Gunn, RA Olea, L Taylor, MM Ciesielski, CA Schillinger, JA Blank, S Hennessy, R Lindstrom, H Peterman, TA AF Lee, M. A. Aynalem, G. Kerndt, K. P. Tabidze, I. Gunn, R. A. Olea, L. Taylor, M. M. Ciesielski, C. A. Schillinger, J. A. Blank, S. Hennessy, R. Lindstrom, H. Peterman, T. A. CA CDC TI Symptomatic early neurosyphilis among HIV-positive men who have sex with men - Four cities, United States, January 2002-June 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 625-628, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PENICILLIN; INFECTION; SYPHILIS; AIDS C1 Hlth & Human Svcs Agcy, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Svcs, Los Angeles, CA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, MA (reprint author), Hlth & Human Svcs Agcy, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 7 BP 732 EP 734 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199XP UT WOS:000248728800008 ER PT J AU Attfield, MD Petsonk, EL AF Attfield, M. D. Petsonk, E. L. CA CDC TI Advanced pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners - Eastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 652-655, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Attfield, MD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 7 BP 734 EP 736 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199XP UT WOS:000248728800009 ER PT J AU Markowitz, LE AF Markowitz, Lauri E. TI HPV vaccines - Prophylactic, not therapeutic SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PARTICLE VACCINE; QUADRIVALENT VACCINE; CLINICAL-TRIALS; INFECTION; EFFICACY; TYPE-18; STRATEGIES; LESIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lem2@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 7 BP 805 EP 806 DI 10.1001/jama.298.7.805 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199XP UT WOS:000248728800026 PM 17699015 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, CE AF Blanton, Jesse D. Hanlon, Cathleen A. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2006 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; RACCOON RABIES; ORAL VACCINATION; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WILDLIFE; HEALTH; FOXES; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB During 2006, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,940 cases of rabies in animals and 3 cases in humans to the CDC, representing an 8.2% increase from the 6,417 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2005. Approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,615 raccoons (37.7%), 1,692 bats (24.4%), 1,494 skunks (21.5%), 427 foxes (6.2%), 318 cats (4.6%), 82 cattle (1.2%), and 79 dogs (1.1%). Compared with numbers of reported cases in 2005, cases in 2006 increased among all groups except cattle. Increases in numbers of rabid raccoons during 2006 were reported by 11 of the 20 eastern states where raccoon rabies was enzootic, and reported cases increased by 3.2% overall, compared with 2005. On a national level, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2006 increased by 6.1% from the number reported in 2005. Once again, Texas reported the greatest number (n = 351) of rabid skunks and the greatest overall state total of animal rabies cases (889). No cases of rabies associated with the dog/coyote rabies virus variant were reported. The last identified case of this canine rabies virus variant was identified in March 2004, along the US/Mexico border. With 2006 marking the second year of no apparent transmission of the dog/coyote variant, these findings from surveillance data support the contention that the canine rabies virus variant is no longer in circulation in the United States. Total number of cases of rabies reported nationally in foxes increased 13.6%, compared with 2005. Increases in the number of reported rabid foxes were attributable to greater numbers of foxes reported with the Arctic fox rabies virus variant in Alaska, the Texas gray fox rabies virus variant in Texas, and the raccoon rabies virus variant in Virginia. The 1,692 cases of rabies reported in bats represented a 14.5% increase, compared with numbers reported in 2005, making bats the second most reported rabid animal behind raccoons. Cases of rabies in cats, dogs, horses and mules, and sheep and goats increased 18.2%, 3.9%, 12.8%, and 22.2%, respectively, whereas cases reported in cattle decreased 11.8%. In Puerto Rico, reported cases of rabies in mongooses increased 9.2%, and rabies in domestic animals, presumably attributable to spillover infection from mongooses, increased 20%. Three cases of human rabies were reported from Texas, Indiana, and California during 2006. The cases in Indiana and Texas were attributed to bat rabies virus variants, whereas the case in California was attributed to an exposure to a dog in the Philippines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 70 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 4 BP 540 EP 556 DI 10.2460/javma.231.4.540 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 198RV UT WOS:000248646100011 PM 17696853 ER PT J AU Sedyaningsih, ER Isfandari, S Setiawaty, V Rifati, L Harun, S Purba, W Imari, S Giriputra, S Blair, PJ Putnam, SD Uyeki, TM Soendoro, T AF Sedyaningsih, Endang R. Isfandari, Siti Setiawaty, Vivi Rifati, Lutfah Harun, Syahrial Purba, Wilfred Imari, Sholah Giriputra, Sardikin Blair, Patrick J. Putnam, Shannon D. Uyeki, Timothy M. Soendoro, Triono TI Epidemiology of cases of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia, July 2005-June 2006 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Pacific Rim CY NOV 16-18, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID INFLUENZA-A H5N1; HUMAN-DISEASE; HONG-KONG; TRANSMISSION AB Background. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus was detected in domestic poultry in Indonesia beginning in 2003 and is now widespread among backyard poultry flocks in many provinces. The first human case of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia was identified in July 2005. Methods. Respiratory specimens were collected from persons with suspected H5N1 virus infection and were tested by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and viral culture. Serum samples were tested by a modified hemagglutinin inhibition antibody and/or microneutralization assay. Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical data were collected through interviews and medical records review. Close contacts of persons with confirmed H5N1 virus infection were investigated. Results. From July 2005 through June 2006, 54 cases of H5N1 virus infection were identified, with a case-fatality proportion of 76%. The median age was 18.5 years, and 57.4% of patients were male. More than one-third of cases occurred in 7 clusters of blood-related family members. Seventy-six percent of cases were associated with poultry contact, and the source of H5N1 virus infection was not identified in 24% of cases. Conclusions. Sporadic and family clusters of cases of H5N1 virus infection, with a high case-fatality proportion, occurred throughout Indonesia during 2005-2006. Extensive efforts are needed to reduce human contact with sick and dead poultry to prevent additional cases of H5N1 virus infection. C1 Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Dis Control & Environm Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. Infect Dis Hosp Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sedyaningsih, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jl Percetakan Negara 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. EM esedyani@indo.net.id NR 25 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.1086/519692 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 190DD UT WOS:000248037300006 PM 17624836 ER PT J AU Bock, NN Jensen, PA Miller, B Nardell, E AF Bock, Naomi N. Jensen, Paul A. Miller, Bess Nardell, Edward TI Tuberculosis infection control in resource-limited settings in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; WORKERS; REINFECTION; RISK AB The opportunities for human immunodefiency virus (HIV) care and treatment created by new treatment initiatives promoting universal access are also creating unprecedented opportunities for persons with HIV-associated immunosuppression to be exposed to patients with infectious tuberculosis ( TB) within health care facilities, with the attendant risks of acquiring TB infection and developing TB disease. Infection control measures can reduce the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission even in settings with limited resources, on the basis of a 3-level hierarchy of controls, including administrative or work practice, environmental controls, and respiratory protection. Further research is needed to define the most efficient interventions. The importance of preventing transmission of M. tuberculosis in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings must be recognized and addressed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Soc Med & Hlth Inequal, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Bock, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM neb2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 196 SU 1 BP S108 EP S113 DI 10.1086/518661 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 190GC UT WOS:000248045700012 PM 17624819 ER PT J AU Wells, CD Cegielski, JP Nelson, LJ Laserson, KF Holtz, TH Finlay, A Castro, KG Weyer, K AF Wells, Charles D. Cegielski, J. Peter Nelson, Lisa J. Laserson, Kayla F. Holtz, Timothy H. Finlay, Alyssa Castro, Kenneth G. Weyer, Karin TI HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - The perfect storm SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ANTITUBERCULOSIS-DRUG-RESISTANCE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AB Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global epidemic, with similar to 425,000 new cases estimated to occur annually. The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemic has caused explosive increases in TB incidence and may be contributing to increases in MDR-TB prevalence. Methods. We reviewed published studies and available surveillance data evaluating links between HIV infection and MDR-TB to quantify convergence of these 2 epidemics, evaluate the consequences, and determine essential steps to address these epidemics. Results. Institutional outbreaks of MDR-TB have primarily affected HIV-infected persons. Delayed diagnosis, inadequate initial treatment, and prolonged infectiousness led to extraordinary attack rates and case-fatality rates among HIV-infected persons. Whether this sequence occurs in communities is less clear. MDR-TB appears not to cause infection or disease more readily than drug-susceptible TB in HIV-infected persons. HIV infection may lead to malabsorption of anti-TB drugs and acquired rifamycin resistance. HIV-infected patients with MDR-TB have unacceptably high mortality; both antiretroviral and antimycobacterial treatment are necessary. Simultaneous treatment requires 6-10 different drugs. In HIV-prevalent countries, TB programs struggle with increased caseloads, which increase the risk of acquired MDR-TB. Surveillance data suggest that HIV infection and MDR-TB may converge in several countries. Conclusions. Institutional outbreaks, overwhelmed public health programs, and complex clinical management issues may contribute to the convergence of the MDR-TB and HIV infection epidemics. To forestall disastrous consequences, infection control, rapid case detection, effective treatment, and expanded program capacity are needed urgently. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Program Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Maputo, Mozambique. CDC, Res Ctr, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Program Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdwells6@bellsouth.net NR 180 TC 245 Z9 252 U1 2 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 196 SU 1 BP S86 EP S107 DI 10.1086/518665 PG 22 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 190GC UT WOS:000248045700011 PM 17624830 ER PT J AU Vo, E Murray, DK Scott, TL Attar, AJ AF Vo, Evanly Murray, David K. Scott, Tricia L. Attar, A. J. TI Development of a novel colorimetric indicator pad for detecting aldehydes SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE health and safety; skin chemical exposure; development of colorimetric indicator; aldehyde detector ID CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE GLOVES; THERMO-HAND METHOD; PERMEATION; GLUTARALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERMATITIS; FABRICS; PROTEIN; BANDS AB A colorimetric indicator was developed and a colorimetric indicator pad was fabricated for the rapid detection of aldehydes. The detection pad has two sides: an observation side on top and a barrier on the bottom. The top side contains a reagent which reacts directly with aldehydes to produce a color change, while the bottom side is coated with a double-sided plastic tape barrier to prevent the escape of chemicals. Sensitivity of the indicator pads was determined using the vapor sensitive ASTM F739 technique with the presence of the indicator. A significant indicator color change (yellow to red) occurred about 5 min before the infrared analyzer response of the ASTM method. The chemical principle and reaction characterization of the test are described. The stability and potential interferences of the indicator pad were also examined by directly spiking aldehydes and compounds with other functional groups, respectively, onto the indicator pads. The newly developed aldehyde indicator pad should find utility in detecting aldehydes in both liquid and vapor phases and in collecting aldehyde permeation through PPE for further study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, CDC, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NIOSH, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Appealing Prod Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Vo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, CDC, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mills Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Eav8@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 206HO UT WOS:000249174700012 PM 19071854 ER PT J AU Lyytikainen, O Klemets, P Ruutu, P Kaijalainen, T Rantala, M Ollgren, J Nuorti, JP AF Lyytikainen, Outi Klemets, Peter Ruutu, Petri Kaijalainen, Tarja Rantala, Merja Ollgren, Jukka Nuorti, J. Pekka TI Defining the population-based burden of nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; TERM-CARE FACILITY; FLUOROQUINOLONE-RESISTANT; OLDER-ADULTS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; PENICILLIN; COMMUNITY AB Background: The characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of patients with nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia (NPB) have not been described in large, population-based studies. Methods: All episodes of invasive pneumococcal infections reported by Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories (positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture) from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2002, were linked to data in national health care registries and vital statistics to obtain information on the patient's preceding hospitalizations, comorbidities, and outcome of illness. Pneumococcal bacteremia was defined as nosocomial if the first positive blood culture was obtained more than 2 days after hospital admission, or if the patient had been hospitalized for more than 2 days within 7 days of the first positive blood culture. Results: Information on hospital admission was available for 4217 of 4357 persons (96.8%) with invasive pneumococcal infections. We identified 387 NPBs (9.7%) among 3973 pneumococcal bacteremias. Patients with NPB were older (median age, 67 years vs 52 years; P <. 001) and were more likely to have at least 1 high-risk condition (other than age < 65 years), for which 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended (59.2% vs 34.6%; P <. 001), compared with patients who had community-associated pneumococcal bacteremias. The case fatality proportion at 28 days was higher in patients with NPB than in those with community-associated pneumococcal bacteremias (23.8% vs 10.8%; P <. 001). Pneumococcal serotypes included in 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine and 7-valent conjugate vaccine caused 71.5% and 46.1% of NPBs, respectively. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of pneumococcal bacteremias are health care associated. The high prevalence of conditions for which pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended provides opportunities for strengthening prevention efforts in these patients at high risk of illness and death. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Lab Chlamydia & Resp Tract Bacteria, Oulu, Finland. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Antimicrobial Res Lab, Turku, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lyytikainen, O (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. EM outi.lyytikainen@ktl.fi NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 15 BP 1635 EP 1640 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.15.1635 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199KK UT WOS:000248694500009 PM 17698686 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, RE Kightlinger, L Werpy, MC Brown, E Stevens, V Hepper, C Keane, T Benson, RF Fields, BS Moore, MR AF O'Loughlin, Rosalyn E. Kightlinger, Lon Werpy, Matthew C. Brown, Ellen Stevens, Valerie Hepper, Clark Keane, Tim Benson, Robert F. Fields, Barry S. Moore, Matthew R. TI Restaurant outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a decorative fountain: an environmental and case-control study SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; COOLING-TOWERS; WHIRLPOOL SPA; WIDE OUTBREAK; LEGIONELLA; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Background: From June to November 2005, 18 cases of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) were reported in Rapid City South Dakota. We conducted epidemiologic and environmental investigations to identify the source of the outbreak. Methods: We conducted a case-control study that included the first 13 cases and 52 controls randomly selected from emergency department records and matched on underlying illness. We collected information about activities of case-patients and controls during the 14 days before symptom onset. Environmental samples (n = 291) were cultured for Legionella. Clinical and environmental isolates were compared using monoclonal antibody subtyping and sequence based typing (SBT). Results: Case-patients were significantly more likely than controls to have passed through several city areas that contained or were adjacent to areas with cooling towers positive for Legionella. Six of 11 case-patients ( matched odds ratio (mOR) 32.7, 95% CI 4.7-infinity) reported eating in Restaurant A versus 0 controls. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from four clinical specimens: 3 were Benidorm type strains and 1 was a Denver type strain. Legionella were identified from several environmental sites including 24 ( 56%) of 43 cooling towers tested, but only one site, a small decorative fountain in Restaurant A, contained Benidorm, the outbreak strain. Clinical and environmental Benidorm isolates had identical SBT patterns. Conclusion: This is the first time that small fountain without obvious aerosol-generating capability has been implicated as the source of a LD outbreak. Removal of the fountain halted transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Legionella Risk Management Inc, Chalfont, PA 18914 USA. RP O'Loughlin, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C 23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ROLoughlin@cdc.gov; Lon.Kightlinger@state.sd.us; Matt.Werpy@state.sd.us; EBrown@cdc.gov; VStevens@cdc.gov; Clark.Hepper@state.sd.us; tk@eicconsultants.com; RBenson@cdc.gov; BFields@cdc.gov; matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 93 DI 10.1186/1471-2334/7/93 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 210FF UT WOS:000249441400002 PM 17688692 ER PT J AU Manco-Johnson, MJ Abshire, TC Shapiro, AD Riske, B Hacker, MR Kilcoyne, R Ingram, JD Manco-Johnson, ML Funk, S Jacobson, L Valentino, LA Hoots, WK Buchanan, GR DiMichele, D Recht, M Brown, D Leissinger, C Bleak, S Cohen, A Mathew, P Matsunaga, A Medeiros, D Nugent, D Thomas, GA Thompson, AA McRedmond, K Soucie, JM Austin, H Evatt, BL AF Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J. Abshire, Thomas C. Shapiro, Amy D. Riske, Brenda Hacker, Michele R. Kilcoyne, Ray Ingram, J. David Manco-Johnson, Michael L. Funk, Sharon Jacobson, Linda Valentino, Leonard A. Hoots, W. Keith Buchanan, George R. DiMichele, Donna Recht, Michael Brown, Deborah Leissinger, Cindy Bleak, Shirley Cohen, Alan Mathew, Prasad Matsunaga, Alison Medeiros, Desiree Nugent, Diane Thomas, Gregory A. Thompson, Alexis A. McRedmond, Kevin Soucie, J. Michael Austin, Harlan Evatt, Bruce L. TI Prophylaxis versus episodic treatment to prevent joint disease in boys with severe hemophilia SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIFE EXPECTANCY; CARE; ARTHROPATHY; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN; THERAPY; SCALE AB Background: Effective ways to prevent arthropathy in severe hemophilia are unknown. Methods: We randomly assigned young boys with severe hemophilia A to regular infusions of recombinant factor VIII (prophylaxis) or to an enhanced episodic infusion schedule of at least three doses totaling a minimum of 80 IU of factor VIII per kilogram of body weight at the time of a joint hemorrhage. The primary outcome was the incidence of bone or cartilage damage as detected in index joints (ankles, knees, and elbows) by radiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Sixty-five boys younger than 30 months of age were randomly assigned to prophylaxis (32 boys) or enhanced episodic therapy (33 boys). When the boys reached 6 years of age, 93% of those in the prophylaxis group and 55% of those in the episodic-therapy group were considered to have normal index-joint structure on MRI (P=0.006). The relative risk of MRI-detected joint damage with episodic therapy as compared with prophylaxis was 6.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 24.4). The mean annual numbers of joint and total hemorrhages were higher at study exit in the episodic-therapy group than in the prophylaxis group (P<0.001 for both comparisons).High titers of inhibitors of factor VIII developed in two boys who received prophylaxis; three boys in the episodic-therapy group had a life-threatening hemorrhage. Hospitalizations and infections associated with central-catheter placement did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII can prevent joint damage and decrease the frequency of joint and other hemorrhages in young boys with severe hemophilia A. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00207597.) C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Rush Childrens Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. Phoenix Childrens Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Palmetto Hlth Richland, Columbia, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manco-Johnson, MJ (reprint author), Mt States Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, MS F-416,POB 6507, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM marilyn.manco-johnson@uchsc.edu OI Hacker, Michele/0000-0003-0217-9991 FU PHS HHS [R00069, U27/CCU812106] NR 29 TC 748 Z9 766 U1 1 U2 30 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 6 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa067659 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 197VP UT WOS:000248584900004 PM 17687129 ER PT J AU Glanz, K Buller, DB Saraiya, M AF Glanz, Karen Buller, David B. Saraiya, Mona TI Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers: State of the evidence and recommendations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID SKIN-CANCER PREVENTION; SUN PROTECTION PRACTICES; SAFETY BEHAVIORS; SOLAR PROTECTION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; SUNSMART; IMPACT AB Objective: Outdoor workers have high levels of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the associated increased risk of skin cancer. This paper describes a review of: 1) descriptive data about outdoor workers' sun exposure and protection and related knowledge, attitudes, and policies and 2) evidence about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention interventions in outdoor workplaces. Data sources: Systematic evidence-based review. Data synthesis: We found variable preventive practices, with men more likely to wear hats and protective clothing and women more likely to use sunscreen. Few data document education and prevention policies. Conclusion: Reports of interventions to promote sun-safe practices and environments provide encouraging results, but yield insufficient evidence to recommend current strategies as effective. Additional efforts should focus on increasing sun protection policies and education programs in workplaces and evaluating whether they improve the health behavior of outdoor workers. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Klein Buendel, Golden, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glanz, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kglanz@sph.emory.edu; dbuller@kleinbuendel.com; msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-6-22 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 218PR UT WOS:000250027900001 PM 17686155 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NP Lehman, JA Hayes, EB Nasci, RS Komar, N Petersen, LR AF Lindsey, N. P. lehman, J. A. Hayes, E. B. Nasci, R. S. Komar, N. Petersen, L. R. CA CDC TI West Nile Virus activity - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 556-559, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EPIDEMIC; ENCEPHALITIS C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsey, NP (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 6 BP 619 EP 621 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 197RS UT WOS:000248574800010 ER PT J AU Dowling, T Macias, O Sebesta, D Antonio, E Emerson, C Hinojosa, L LaKosky, P Calhoun, CB Randall, L Tucker, B Flynn, C Robinson, M Mangum, H Thompson, C Wrigley, D Buie, M Bost, D Smith, A Begley, E Boyett, B Clark, H Heffelfinger, J Jafa-Bhushan, K Schulden, J Song, B Thomas, P Sullivan, P Voetsch, A AF Dowling, T. Macias, O. Sebesta, D. Antonio, E. Emerson, C. Hinojosa, L. LaKosky, P. Calhoun, C. Bolden Randall, L. Tucker, B. Flynn, C. Robinson, M. Mangum, H. Thompson, C. Wrigley, D. Buie, M. Bost, D. Smith, A. Begley, E. Boyett, B. Clark, H. Heffelfinger, J. Jafa-Bhushan, K. Schulden, J. Song, B. Thomas, P. Sullivan, P. Voetsch, A. CA CDC TI Rapid HIV testing among racial/ethnic minority men at gay pride events - Nine US cities, 2004-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 602, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID STATES C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Tenderloin Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Alameda Cty Off AIDS Adm, Oakland, CA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Community Hlth Awareness Grp, Detroit, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Women Accepting Responsibil Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. St Louis City Hlth Dept, St Louis, MO USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowling, T (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 6 BP 621 EP 622 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 197RS UT WOS:000248574800011 ER PT J AU Lee, GM Santoli, JM Hannan, C Messonnier, ML Sabin, JE Rusinak, D Gay, C Lett, SM Lieu, TA AF Lee, Grace M. Santoli, Jeanne M. Hannan, Claire Messonnier, Mark L. Sabin, James E. Rusinak, Donna Gay, Charlene Lett, Susan M. Lieu, Tracy A. TI Gaps in vaccine financing for underinsured children in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; INSURANCE STATUS; HEALTH-CARE; IMPACT; SERVICES; PROGRAM AB Context The number of new vaccines recommended for children and adolescents has nearly doubled during the past 5 years, and the cost of fully vaccinating a child has increased dramatically in the past decade. Anecdotal reports from state policy makers and clinicians suggest that new gaps have arisen in financial coverage of vaccines for children who are underinsured (ie, have private insurance that does not cover all recommended vaccines). In 2000, approximately 14% of children were underinsured for vaccines in the United States. Objectives To describe variation among states in the provision of new vaccines to underinsured children and to identify barriers to state purchase and distribution of new vaccines. Design, Setting, and Participants A 2-phase mixed-methods study of state immunization program managers in the United States. The first phase included 1-hour qualitative telephone interviews conducted from November to December 2005 with 9 program managers chosen to represent different state vaccine financing policies. The second phase incorporated findings from phase 1 to develop a national telephone and paper-based survey of state immunization program managers that was conducted from January to June 2006. Main Outcome Measures Percentage of states in which underinsured children are unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in the private or public sectors. Results Immunization program managers from 48 states ( 96%) participated in the study. Underinsured children were not eligible to receive publicly purchased meningococcal conjugate or pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the private sector in 70% and 50% of states, respectively, or in the public sector in 40% and 17% of states, respectively. Due to limited financing for new vaccines, 10 states changed their policies for provision of publicly purchased vaccines between 2004 and early 2006 to restrict access to selected new vaccines for underinsured children. The most commonly cited barriers to implementation in underinsured children were lack of sufficient federal and state funding to purchase vaccines. Conclusions The current vaccine financing system has resulted in gaps for underinsured children in the United States, many of whom are now unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in either the private or public sectors. Additional strategies are needed to ensure financial coverage for all vaccines, particularly new vaccines, among this vulnerable population. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Immunizat Managers, Rockville, MD USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. RP Lee, GM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM grace_lee@hphc.org FU AHRQ HHS [K-08 HS013908-01 A1]; NCIRD CDC HHS [1U01IP000029-01] NR 19 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 6 BP 638 EP 643 DI 10.1001/jama.298.6.638 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 197RS UT WOS:000248574800024 PM 17684186 ER PT J AU Markel, H Lipman, HB Navarro, JA Sloan, A Michalsen, JR Stern, AM Cetron, MS AF Markel, Howard Lipman, Harvey B. Navarro, J. Alexander Sloan, Alexandra Michalsen, Joseph R. Stern, Alexandra Minna Cetron, Martin S. TI Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIES; DISEASE; VIRUS AB Context A critical question in pandemic influenza planning is the role nonpharmaceutical interventions might play in delaying the temporal effects of a pandemic, reducing the overall and peak attack rate, and reducing the number of cumulative deaths. Such measures could potentially provide valuable time for pandemic-strain vaccine and antiviral medication production and distribution. Optimally, appropriate implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions would decrease the burden on health care services and critical infrastructure. Objectives To examine the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions for epidemic mitigation in 43 cities in the continental United States from September 8, 1918, through February 22, 1919, and to determine whether city-to-city variation in mortality was associated with the timing, duration, and combination of nonpharmaceutical interventions; altered population susceptibility associated with prior pandemic waves; age and sex distribution; and population size and density. Design and Setting Historical archival research, and statistical and epidemiological analyses. Nonpharmaceutical interventions were grouped into 3 major categories: school closure; cancellation of public gatherings; and isolation and quarantine. Main Outcome Measures Weekly excess death rate (EDR); time from the activation of nonpharmaceutical interventions to the first peak EDR; the first peak weekly EDR; and cumulative EDR during the entire 24-week study period. Results There were 115 340 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths ( EDR, 500/ 100 000 population) in the 43 cities during the 24 weeks analyzed. Every city adopted at least 1 of the 3 major categories of nonpharmaceutical interventions. School closure and public gathering bans activated concurrently represented the most common combination implemented in 34 cities (79%); this combination had a median duration of 4 weeks ( range, 1-10 weeks) and was significantly associated with reductions in weekly EDR. The cities that implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions earlier had greater delays in reaching peak mortality ( Spearman r=- 0.74, P <. 001), lower peak mortality rates ( Spearman r= 0.31, P=. 02), and lower total mortality ( Spearman r= 0.37, P=. 008). There was a statistically significant association between increased duration of nonpharmaceutical interventions and a reduced total mortality burden ( Spearman r=- 0.39, P=. 005). Conclusions These findings demonstrate a strong association between early, sustained, and layered application of nonpharmaceutical interventions and mitigating the consequences of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. In planning for future severe influenza pandemics, nonpharmaceutical interventions should be considered for inclusion as companion measures to developing effective vaccines and medications for prophylaxis and treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ctr Hist Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Cetron, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcetron@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [200-2006-16894] NR 41 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 6 BP 644 EP 654 DI 10.1001/jama.298.6.644 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 197RS UT WOS:000248574800025 PM 17684187 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Gu, Q Cheng, YJ Narayan, V Cowie, CC AF Gregg, Edward W. Gu, Qiuping Cheng, Yiling J. Narayan, Venkat Cowie, Catherine C. TI Mortality trends in men and women with diabetes, 1971 to 2000 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SECULAR TRENDS; PIMA-INDIANS; US ADULTS AB Background: Whether mortality rates among diabetic adults or excess mortality associated with diabetes in the United States has declined in recent decades is not known. Objective: To examine whether all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates have declined among the U.S. population with and without self-reported diabetes. Design: Comparison of 3 consecutive, nationally representative cohorts. Setting: Population-based health surveys (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I, II, and III) with mortality follow-up assessment. Patients: Survey participants age 35 to 74 years with and without diabetes. Measurements: Diabetes was determined by self-report for each survey (1971-1975, 1976-1980, and 1988-1994), and mortality rates were determined through 1986, 1992, and 2000 for the 3 surveys, respectively. Results: Among diabetic men, the all-cause mortality rate decreased by 18.2 annual deaths per 1000 persons (from 42.6 to 24.4 annual deaths per 1000 persons; P = 0.03) between 1971 to 1986 and 1988 to 2000, accompanying decreases in the nondiabetic population. Trends for cardiovascular disease mortality paralleled those of all-cause mortality, with 26.4 annual deaths per 1000 persons in 1971 to 1986 and 12.8 annual deaths per 1000 persons in 1988 to 2000 (P = 0.06). Among women with diabetes, however, neither all-cause nor cardiovascular disease mortality declined between 1971 to 1986 and 1988 to 2000, and the all-cause mortality rate difference between diabetic and nondiabetic women more than doubled (from a difference of 8.3 to 18.2 annual deaths per 1000 persons). The difference in all-cause mortality rates by sex among people with diabetes in 1971 to 1986 were essentially eliminated in 1988 to 2000. Limitations: Diabetes was assessed by self-report, and statistical power to examine the factors explaining mortality trends was limited. Conclusions: Progress in reducing mortality rates among persons with diabetes has been limited to men. Diabetes continues to greatly increase the risk for death, particularly among women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, K 10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 244 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 196AV UT WOS:000248454700001 PM 17576993 ER PT J AU Person, B Addiss, D Bartholomew, LK Meijer, C Pou, V Gonzalvez, G van den Borne, B AF Person, Bobbie Addiss, David Bartholomew, L. Kay Meijer, Cecilia Pou, Victor Gonzalvez, Guillermo van den Borne, Bart TI A qualitative study of the psychosocial and health consequences associated with lymphedema among women in the Dominican Republic SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; lymphedema; women; Dominican republic ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; NORTHERN GHANA; INDIA; ELEPHANTIASIS; PATHOGENESIS; BELIEFS; DISEASE; BURDEN AB To date, few studies have addressed the sequelae of lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease, on the quality of life of affected women in the Americas. In this qualitative study, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus groups of women with lymphedema or elephantiasis of the leg living in filariasis-endemic areas of the Dominican Republic. Women in our study described a spectrum of consequences associated with their lymphedema but physical, functional, and psychological limitations were not always associated with severity of lymphedema. Data suggests that management frameworks need to be expanded to address women's explanatory models of illness, the cultural practices of seeking traditional healers for initial care, psychological distress, coping strategies unique to women, and the practice of self treating with antibiotics without medical supervision. Further research to better understand the depth and breadth of psychological states and coping strategies of women; the health seeking and self-management practices; and the strain on social support networks of women is needed in order to assist health program planners in establishing culturally tailored and gender-specific interventions for Dominican women. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fetzer Inst, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Dermatol & Cirugia Peil Dr Huberto Bogaert D, Fed Velasquez Esq Albert Thomas, Dept Flebol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Ctr Para Control Enfermedades Trop, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Univ Maastricht, NL-5071 CL Undenhout, Netherlands. RP Person, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bep2@cdc.gov; daddiss@fetzer.org; Leona.K.Bartholomew@uth.tmc.edu; aoe5@cdc.gov; dvep001@yahoo.com; gonzalvez@hotmail.com; b.vdborne@gvo.unimaas.nl FU PHS HHS [G401R103] NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 103 IS 2 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.05.010 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 213QD UT WOS:000249681300002 PM 17638614 ER PT J AU Lucas, GM Mullen, BA McCaul, ME Weidle, PJ Hader, S Moore, RD AF Lucas, Gregory M. Mullen, B. Anna McCaul, Mary E. Weidle, Paul J. Hader, Shannon Moore, Richard D. TI Adherence, drug use, and treatment failure in a methadone-clinic-based program of directly administered antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; TUBERCULOSIS; PROGRESSION; INTERVENTION; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; PRISONERS; SERVICES; ABUSE AB Supervised dosing is a cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment. HIV treatment strategies that use directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) are increasingly being assessed. In a prospective single-arm clinical trial, we enrolled methadone-maintained, HIV-infected participants to receive supervised doses of antiretroviral therapy ( ART) on days when they received methadone. Other ART doses were self-administered. In this analysis we examined factors associated with retention to DAART, adherence to supervised doses, and virologic failure. Factors associated with retention to DAART were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Factors associated with nonadherence with supervised dosing and with virologic failure were assessed by logistic regression and techniques for longitudinal data analysis. A total of 16,453 supervised doses were administered to 88 participants over a median follow-up of 9.4 months. The median participant adherence with supervised dosing was 83%. Active drug use, determined by urine drug screens, was associated twofold increased risks of both intervention dropout and nonadherence with supervised doses. Adherence with supervised doses was strongly associated with virologic failure. Because DAART was administered only on methadone dosing days, fewer than half of the total ART doses were scheduled to be supervised in most participants. The percent of doses that was scheduled to be supervised was not associated with either adherence or with virologic failure. Given that a relatively small proportion of the total ART doses were supervised in many patients, future studies should assess how DAART affects adherence with non-supervised doses and retention to ART. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lucas, GM (reprint author), 1830 E Monument St,Room 421, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM glucas@jhmi.edu RI Lucas, Gregory/B-9225-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K23DA15616, K24DA00432, R01-DA11602]; PHS HHS [CCU319441] NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 564 EP 574 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.0192 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 202QS UT WOS:000248918700005 PM 17711381 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Ziegler, RG Patterson, BH Graubard, BI AF Vogt, Tara M. Ziegler, Regina G. Patterson, Blossom H. Graubard, Barry I. TI Racial differences in serum selenium concentration: Analysis of US population data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African Americans; biological markers; neoplasms; nutrition surveys; selenium ID CANCER PREVENTION TRIAL; PROSTATE-CANCER; PLASMA SELENIUM; SELENOPROTEIN-P; LUNG-CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; AGE; PREDICTORS; CHEMOPREVENTION; BIOMARKERS AB Lower intake of the essential trace element selenium may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and other cancers. In the United States, many racial disparities in cancer incidence, such as the 61% higher incidence of prostate cancer among Blacks relative to Whites, remain unexplained. Using data from a large, nationally representative survey, the authors explored Black/White differences in serum selenium concentration. Mean serum selenium concentrations, both crude and adjusted for known predictors of serum selenium, were determined for 10,779 Black and White males and females aged >= 12 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Crude mean serum selenium concentrations were 126.35 ng/ml for Whites and 118.76 ng/ml (similar to 6% lower) for Blacks. Adjustment for known serum selenium predictors, including a proxy foe residence at the county level, reduced the racial disparity, although concentrations remained approximately 3% lower in Blacks than in Whites of both sexes (p < 0.0001). The observation that Blacks had lower unadjusted and adjusted serum selenium concentrations relative to Whites is intriguing, given the racial disparity in incidence of prostate cancer and other cancers. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcv3@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 3 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm075 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 194WM UT WOS:000248374500007 PM 17557900 ER PT J AU Brinsley-Rainisch, KJ Cochran, RL Bush-Knapp, ME Pearson, ML AF Brinsley-Rainisch, Kristin J. Cochran, Ronda L. Bush-Knapp, Megan E. Pearson, Michele L. TI The general public's awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of "staph" - with a focus on community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brinsley-Rainisch, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KBrinsley1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 425 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.12.010 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 198LA UT WOS:000248628400012 PM 17660016 ER PT J AU Waters, TR AF Waters, Thomas R. TI When is it safe to manually life a patient? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; PROGRAM; TASKS; RISK AB In 1994 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) released the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation-an ergonomics assessment tool that can be used to calculate the recommended weight limit for two-handed manual-lifting tasks. However, NIOSH excluded assessment of patient-handling tasks from the uses of the revised equation, arguing that such tasks involve too many variables. The equation in fact can be used to calculate a recommended weight limit for a limited range of patient-handling tasks in which the patient is cooperative and unlikely to move suddenly during the task. In general, the revised equation yields a recommended 35-lb. maximum weight limit for use in patient-handling tasks. When weight to be lifted exceeds this limit, assistive devices should be used. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Waters, TR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM trw1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 107 IS 8 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 197IF UT WOS:000248547300032 PM 17667392 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Jamieson, DJ Danner, SP Maupin, R O'Sullivan, MJ Cohen, MH Webber, MP Dennis, R Bulterys, M AF Nesheim, Steven Jamieson, Denise J. Danner, Susan P. Maupin, Robert O'Sullivan, Mary Jo Cohen, Mardge H. Webber, Mayris P. Dennis, Renata Bulterys, Marc TI Primary human immunodeficiency virus infection during pregnancy detected by repeat testing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal; prevention; testing ID TYPE-1 HIV-1 SEROCONVERSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; RISK; WOMEN; MOTHER; INCREASE; INFANT; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of pregnant women with newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that was identified by repeat testing. STUDY DESIGN: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study, which was conducted in 6 US cities, encouraged repeat HIV testing during pregnancy to identify primary infections. RESULTS: Fifty- four HIV-infected women were identified. Four primary HIV infections were recognized, with median estimated seroconversion at 22 weeks of gestation. All 4 women denied new sex partners, alcohol, and illegal drug use during pregnancy. Three of the 4 mother-infant pairs received antiretroviral medications. One infant was infected perinatally, with positive HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction at birth. Questionnaire data identified 2 additional women with HIV that was likely acquired during pregnancy (identified by rapid testing at labor and delivery), which suggests that 6 of 54 HIV- infected women (11%) in the MIRIAD study had primary infection during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Repeat HIV testing in pregnancy can identify opportunities for antiretroviral prophylaxis and should be used in areas of high HIV prevalence. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Program AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Cook County Bur Hlth Serv, CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 197 IS 2 AR e5 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.030 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 199TU UT WOS:000248718900009 ER PT J AU Martin, SL Lee, SM Lowry, R AF Martin, Sarah L. Lee, Sarah M. Lowry, Richard TI National prevalence and correlates of walking and bicycling to school SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; CHILDREN; ENVIRONMENT; BIKING; YOUTH; URBAN AB Background: Active travel to school provides youth with an opportunity to accumulate minutes of physical activity toward meeting recommended levels. Methods: The study included a nationally representative sample of U.S. children, aged 9 to 15 years, and one of their parents from 2004 (2256 pairs aged 11 to 15 and 5177 pairs aged 9 to 13). The objective was to estimate the prevalence of living within a mile of school, and of those who lived within a mile, the prevalence of active travel to school. Geographic, demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral correlates of active travel (defined as walking or bicycling to school one or more times during a usual week) were identified. Results: Nearly 35% of children live within a mile of school. Among those, 47.9% were classified as active travelers. Adjusted correlates were identified from each domain (three demographic, two geographic, two attitudinal, five behavioral), explaining approximately 10% of the variance in logistic regression models. Conclusions: More than a third of youth aged 9 to 15 years live within a mile of school, but less than half of these students walk or bike to school even 1 day per week. The lowest proportions of active travelers among the independent correlates include students in the South, students living in rural areas, and students of parents with an advanced degree. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Program Evaluat Across Nat Using Technol, Farmington, ME USA. RP Martin, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Div Adolescent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM slevin44@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.024 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 197UP UT WOS:000248582300004 PM 17673096 ER PT J AU Mercer, SL DeVinney, BJ Fine, LJ Green, LW Dougherty, D AF Mercer, Shawna L. DeVinney, Barbara J. Fine, Lawrence J. Green, Lawrence W. Dougherty, Denise TI Study designs for effectiveness and translation research - Identifying trade-offs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH INTERVENTIONS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; QUALITY; POLICY; CARE; IMPLEMENTATION; STATEMENT; PROMOTION; TREND AB Background: Practitioners and policymakers need credible evidence of effectiveness to justify allocating resources to complex, expensive health programs. Investigators, however, face challenges in designing sound effectiveness and translation research with relevance for "real-world" settings. Methods: Research experts and federal and foundation funders (n=similar to 120) prepared for and participated in a symposium, held May 4-5, 2004, to weigh the strengths, limitations, and trade-offs between alternate designs for studying the effectiveness and translation of complex, multilevel health interventions. Results: Symposium attendees acknowledged that research phases (hypothesis generating, efficacy, effectiveness, translation) are iterative and cyclical, not linear, since research in advanced phases may reveal unanswered questions in earlier phases. Research questions thus always need to drive the choice of study design. When randomization and experimental control are feasible, participants noted that the randomized controlled trial with individual random assignment remains the gold standard for safeguarding internal validity. Attendees highlighted trade-offs of randomized controlled trial variants, quasi-experimental designs, and natural experiments for use when randomization or experimental control or both are impossible or inadequately address external validity. Participants discussed enhancements to all designs to increase confidence in causal inference while accommodating greater external validity. Since no single study can establish causality, participants encouraged replication of studies and triangulation using different study designs. Participants also recommended participatory research approaches for building population relevance, acceptability, and usefulness. Conclusions: Consideration of the study design choices, trade-offs, and enhancements discussed here can guide the design, funding, completion, and publication of appropriate policy- and practice-oriented effectiveness and translational research for complex, multilevel health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat Mkt, Guide Community Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Child Hlth & Qual Improvement Off Extramural Res, Rockville, MD USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, NHLBI, Clin Prevent & Translat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Mercer, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat Mkt, Guide Community Prevent Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailbox E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SMercer@cdc.gov NR 68 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.005 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 197UP UT WOS:000248582300011 PM 17673103 ER PT J AU Dooley, SW Douglas, JM Janssen, RS AF Dooley, Samuel W., Jr. Douglas, John M., Jr. Janssen, Robert S. TI Partner counseling and referral services for HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PERSONS AWARE; UNITED-STATES; NOTIFICATION; EXPERIENCE; UNAWARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dooley, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SDooley@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP S81 EP S83 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.020 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 202PX UT WOS:000248916600001 PM 17675015 ER PT J AU Hahn, R Fuqua-Whitley, D Wethington, H Lowy, J Crosby, A Fullilove, M Johnson, R Liberman, A Moscicki, E Price, L Snyder, S Tuma, F Cory, S Stone, G Mukhopadhaya, K Chattopadhyay, S Dahlberg, L AF Hahn, Robert Fuqua-Whitley, Dawna Wethington, Holly Lowy, Jessica Crosby, Alex Fullilove, Mindy Johnson, Robert Liberman, Akiva Moscicki, Eve Price, LeShawndra Snyder, Susan Tuma, Farris Cory, Stella Stone, Glenda Mukhopadhaya, Kaushik Chattopadhyay, Sajal Dahlberg, Linda CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Effectiveness of universal school-based programs to prevent violent and aggressive Behavior - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RISK BEHAVIORS; 6TH-GRADE STUDENTS; REDUCING VIOLENCE; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; MIDDLE SCHOOLS; PEACE PROJECT; SAFE DATES; CHILDREN AB Universal, school-based programs, intended to prevent violent behavior, have been used at all grade levels from pre-kindergarten through high school. These programs may be targeted to schools in a high-risk area-defined by low socioeconomic status or high crime rate-and to selected grades as well. All children in those grades receive the programs in their own classrooms, not in special pull-out sessions. According to the criteria of the systematic review methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), there is strong evidence that universal, school-based programs decrease rates of violence among school-aged children and youth. Program effects were consistent at all grade levels. An independent, recently updated meta-analysis of school-based programs confirms and supplements the Community wide findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun Guide Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rhahn@cdc.gov NR 127 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP S114 EP S129 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.012 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 202PX UT WOS:000248916600011 PM 17675013 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Fielding, JE Abraido-Lanza, A Calonge, N Clymer, J Dickersin, K Glanz, K Goetzel, RZ Johnson, RL Pronk, NP Ramirez, G Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM Lawrence, RS McGinnis, JM AF Hahn, Robert A. Fielding, Jonathan E. Abraido-Lanza, Ana Calonge, Ned Clymer, John Dickersin, Kay Glanz, Karen Goetzel, Ron Z. Johnson, Robert L. Pronk, Nico P. Ramirez, Gilbert Richling, Dennis E. Rimer, Barbara K. Teutsch, Steven M. Lawrence, Robert S. McGinnis, J. Michael CA Task Force Community Preventive S TI A recommendation to reduce rates of violence among school aged children and youth by means of universal school-based violence prevention programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LAWS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun Guide Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Goetzel, Ron/A-9670-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP S112 EP S113 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.014 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 202PX UT WOS:000248916600010 ER PT J AU Hogben, M AF Hogben, Matthew CA Task Force Community TI Recommendations to increase testing and identification of HIV-positive individuals through partner counseling and referral services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 SU S BP S88 EP S88 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.013 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 202PX UT WOS:000248916600004 ER PT J AU Hogben, M McNally, T McPheeters, M Hutchinson, AB AF Hogben, Matthew McNally, Tarra McPheeters, Melissa Hutchinson, Angela B. CA Task Force Community TI The effectiveness of HIV partner counseling and referral services in increasing identification of HIV-positive individuals - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; NEW-YORK-STATE; NAME-BASED SURVEILLANCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SELF-DISCLOSURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; TRANSMISSION RISK AB Partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) are part of the spectrum of care for HIV-positive people and their sexual or needle-sharing partners. Referral includes notifying partners of exposure, after which they are (ideally) tested and receive prevention or risk reduction counseling or enter into care (if they test positive). Using The Guide to Community Preventive Services's methods for systematic reviews, the effectiveness of PCRS was evaluated, including partner notification, in identifying a population at high risk of HIV infection and in increasing testing in those populations. In this review, PCRS efforts using provider referral were found to be effective in reaching a population with a high prevalence of HIV. Nine studies qualified for the review. In these studies, a range of one to eight partners was identified per index case (a person newly diagnosed with HIV who has partners who should be notified); a mean of 67% of identified partners were found and notified of their potential exposure to HIV, and a mean of 63% of those notified were tested (previously known "positives" were not tested). Of those tested, a mean of 20% were HIV positive. Therefore, even given that not all partners could be found and notified and that some who could be found did not accept testing, 1% to 8% of people named as potentially exposed and not previously known to be HIV positive were identified as HIV positive through partner notification (although these people were not necessarily infected by the index case). Evidence was insufficient to determine whether PCRS, including partner notification, was also effective in changing behavior or reducing transmission because available studies did not generally report on these outcomes. Little empirical evidence was available to assess potential harm of the interventions, but current studies have not shown substantial harms. Based on Community Guide rules of evidence, sufficient evidence shows that PCRS with partner notification by a public health professional ("provider referral") effectively increases identification of a high-prevalence target population for HIV testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Commun Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis Std & Tb Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 127 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP S89 EP S100 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.015 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 202PX UT WOS:000248916600005 PM 17675019 ER PT J AU Husten, CG AF Husten, Corinne G. TI Smoking cessation in young adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Husten, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cch5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1354 EP 1356 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.117358 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WL UT WOS:000255648000008 PM 17600239 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Kahende, J AF Lee, Chung-won Kahende, Jennifer TI Factors associated with successful smoking cessation in the United States, 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; QUIT ATTEMPTS; STOP SMOKING; LUNG HEALTH; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; SMOKERS; MODELS; INTERVENTION AB Objectives. Each year, nearly 2 in 5 cigarette smokers try to quit, but fewer than 10% succeed. Taking a multifaceted approach to examine the predictors of successfully quitting smoking, we identified factors associated with successful quitting so that cessation programs could be tailored to those at highest risk for relapse. Methods. Using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, we employed multiple regression analysis to compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics of current smokers who tried unsuccessfully to quit in the previous 12 months with characteristics of those able to quit for at least 7 to 24 months before the survey. Results. Successful quitters were more likely than those unable to quit to have rules against smoking in their homes, less likely to have switched to light cigarettes for health concerns, and more likely to be aged 35 years or older, married or living with a partner, and non-Hispanic White, and to have at least a college education. Conclusions. Programs promoting smoking cessation might benefit by involving family or other household members to encourage smoke-free homes. C1 [Lee, Chung-won; Kahende, Jennifer] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, HIV Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clee2@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 122 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083527 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WL UT WOS:000255648000032 PM 17600268 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, Katherine M. TI The effects of changes in smoking prevalence on obesity prevalence in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OVERWEIGHT; CESSATION; WEIGHT; ADULTS AB Objectives. Reduction of cigarette smoking is an important public health goal. However, lower smoking prevalence may be associated with increased obesity prevalence. I sought to estimate the effect of decreases in smoking prevalence on obesity prevalence in the United States population. Methods. I combined current weight data by smoking status from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with smoking prevalence data from past NHANES surveys to estimate weight status had smoking prevalence not changed. Results. Even relatively large changes in the prevalence of smoking were estimated to have little effect on obesity prevalence. For example, if smoking prevalence in 1999-2002 were at the higher 1971-1975 smoking level, the estimated 1999-2002 obesity prevalence would be 22.5% rather than the actual value of 23.9%, a difference of only 1.4 percentage points. Estimates for other weight categories were similarly small. Conclusions. Decreases in the prevalence of cigarette smoking probably had only a small effect, often less than 1 percentage point, on increasing the prevalence of obesity and decreasing the prevalence of healthy weight in the population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4201, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1514 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.084343 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WL UT WOS:000255648000033 PM 17600266 ER PT J AU O'Meara, WP Collins, WE McKenzie, FE AF O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme Collins, William E. McKenzie, F. Ellis TI Parasite prevalence: A static measure of dynamic infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; DENSITY; MICROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; MORBIDITY AB The intensity of malaria transmission is often measured by looking at the fraction of individuals infected at a given point in time. However, malaria infections in individuals are dynamic, leading to uncertainty about whether a cross-sectional survey that represents a single snapshot in time is a useful representation of a temporally complex process. In this analysis, we examine the impact of parasite density fluctuations on the measurement of parasite prevalence. Our results show that parasite prevalence may be underestimated by 20% or more, depending on the sensitivity of parasite detection. C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Meara, WP (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, 16 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM prudhomw@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999] NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 246 EP 249 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400008 PM 17690394 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Hall, P Ruebush, TK Williams, A Grady, KK Bounngaseng, A Nace, D Williams, T Huber, C Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Sullivan, JJ AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Hall, Patrice Ruebush, Trenton K., II Williams, Allison Grady, Katharine K. Bounngaseng, Amy Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Huber, Curtis Galland, G. Gale Barnwell, John W. Sullivan, James J. TI Adaptation of a multi-drug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Peru to Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A-nancymaae, and A-vociferans monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA; INVITRO; CULTIVATION AB A strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Peru was adapted to splenectomized Aotus nancymaae and Aotus vociferans monkeys. The Peru 134/CDC strain of P. falciparum was shown to be resistant to treatment with chloroquine in monkeys and partially resistant to mefloquine and malarone. Genetic mutations in crt, dhfr, dhps, and cytochrome b genes conferring drug resistance were also determined for this Peruvian strain of P. falciparum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Animal Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400011 PM 17690397 ER PT J AU Alvar, J Bashaye, S Argaw, D Cruz, I Aparicio, P Kassa, A Orfanos, G Parreno, F Babaniyi, O Gudeta, N Canavate, C Bern, C AF Alvar, Jorge Bashaye, Seife Argaw, Daniel Cruz, Israel Aparicio, Pilar Kassa, Askal Orfanos, Giannos Parreno, Fernando Babaniyi, Olusegan Gudeta, Nigussu Canavate, Carmen Bern, Caryn TI Kala-azar outbreak in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia: Epiderniologic and parasitologic assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; SUDAN; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; HUMERA; KENYA; TESTS; FOCUS; DOGS AB In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia. In October 2005, a rapid assessment was conducted using data from 492 patients with VL treated in the district health center and a household survey of 584 residents of four villages. One subdistrict accounted for 71% of early cases, but the incidence and number of affected subdistricts increased progressively throughout 2004-2005. In household-based data, we identified 9 treated VL cases,12 current untreated cases, and 19 deaths attributable to VL (cumulative incidence, 7%). Thirty percent of participants were leishmanin skin test positive (men, 34%; women, 26%; P = 0.06). VL was more common in men than women (9.7% versus 4.5%, P < 0.05), possibly reflecting male outdoor sleeping habits. Molecular typing in splenic aspirates showed L. infantum? (six) and L. donovani (one). Local transmission resulted from multiple introductions, is now well established, and will be difficult to eradicate. C1 WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis CDS NTD IDM, Leishmaniasis Control Program, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO Collaborating Ctr Leishmaniasis, Natl Ctr Microbiol, Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Natl Ctr Trop Med, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Greek Med Council, Athens, Greece. Area Salud 7, Madrid, Spain. Reg Hlth Bur, Bahar Dar, Amhara State, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Alvar, J (reprint author), WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis CDS NTD IDM, Leishmaniasis Control Program, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM alvarj@who.int NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400013 PM 17690399 ER PT J AU Kent, RJ Mharakurwa, S Norris, DE AF Kent, Rebekah J. Mharakurwa, Sungano Norris, Douglas E. TI Spatial and temporal genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in southern Zambia over consecutive wet and drought years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; WEST-AFRICA; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; MALARIA VECTOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; KDR MUTATION; DRY SEASON; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSMISSION AB No studies have addressed the spatial complexity of Anopheles arabiensis populations in Zambia or the effects of drought on the genetic structure of this species. We genotyped approximately 420 An. arabiensis at 12 microsatellite loci representing 18 collections from the Southern Province of Zambia. Collections spanned three transmission seasons and covered a wet year-drought year-wet year cycle. Anopheles arabiensis within the 2,000 km(2) of the Macha study region were panmictic, with high gene flow between Macha and Namwala, Zambia, which are 80 km apart. There was little evidence for genetic structuring among years, with no significant shifts in allele frequency distributions or observed heterozygosity, and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck despite a drastic reduction in mosquito numbers during the drought year. Anopheles arabiensis in southern Zambia has a large deme size, and the regional genetic structure of this species was little affected by an extended drought period. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Malaria Res Inst, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Malaria Inst Macha, Choma, Zambia. RP Kent, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM fxk7@cdc.gov; smharaku@jhsph.edu; dnorris@jhsph.edu RI Kading, Rebekah/E-5633-2017 OI Kading, Rebekah/0000-0002-4996-915X FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007417]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES 07141, T32 ES007141] NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 316 EP 323 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400019 PM 17690405 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Arana, B Zea-Flores, G Rizzo, N Porter, CH Dominguez, A Cruz-Ortiz, N Unnasch, TR Punkosdy, GA Richards, J Sauerbrey, M Castro, J Catu, E Oliva, O Richards, FO AF Lindblade, Kim A. Arana, Byron Zea-Flores, Guillermo Rizzo, Nidia Porter, Charles H. Dominguez, Alfredo Cruz-Ortiz, Nancy Unnasch, Thomas R. Punkosdy, George A. Richards, Jane Sauerbrey, Mauricio Castro, Julio Catu, Eduard Oliva, Orlando Richards, Frank O., Jr. TI Elimination of Onchocercia volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 11-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID SIMULIUM-OCHRACEUM; BLACK FLIES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS AB To eliminate transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, semiannual mass treatment with ivermectin (Mectizan; donated by Merck & Co) has been underwav in Guatemala since 2000. We applied the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) elimination criteria in the Santa Rosa focus of onchocerciasis transmission in Guatemala (10,923 persons at risk). No evidence of parasite DNA was found in 2,221 Simulium ochraceum vectors (one-sided 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-0.086%), and no IgG4 antibody positives to recombinant antigen OV16 were found in a sample of 3,232 school children (95% Cl, 0-0.009%). We also found no evidence of microfilariae in the anterior segment of the eye in 363 area residents (95% Cl, 0-0.08%). Our interpretation of these data, together with historical information, suggest that transmission of O. volvulus is permanently interrupted in Santa Rosa and that ivermectin treatments there can be halted. C1 Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Onchocerciasis Eliminat Program Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama, Ctr Estudios Salud, 18 Ave 11-95,Zona 15 VH 3,Apartado Postal 82, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM kil2@cdc.gov; baaz@cdc.gov; gzea@oepa.net; nrrz@cdc.gov; chpl@cdc.gov; adominguez@oepa.net; ncoz@cdc.gov; tunnasch@uab.edu; punkosdyg@mail.nih.gov; jane.e.richards@uth.tmc.edu; oepa@oepa.net; pvectores@intelnett.com; pvectores@intelnett.com; centrovisual@intelnett.com; fxrl@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 334 EP 341 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400022 PM 17690408 ER PT J AU Eng, JLV Wolkon, A Frolov, AS Terlouw, DJ Eliades, MJ Morgah, K Takpa, V Dare, A Sodahlon, YK Doumanou, Y Hawley, WA Hightower, AW AF Eng, Jodi L. Vanden Wolkon, Adam Frolov, Anatoly S. Terlouw, Dianne J. Eliades, M. James Morgah, Kodjo Takpa, Vincent Dare, Aboudou Sodahlon, Yao K. Doumanou, Yao Hawley, William A. Hightower, Allen W. TI Use of handheld computers with global positioning systems for probability sampling and data entry in household surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; MEASLES VACCINATION; EQUITABLE COVERAGE; EXPANDED PROGRAM; CLUSTER; PREVALENCE; SIMULATION; CAMPAIGN; STRATEGY AB We introduce an innovative method that uses personal digital assistants (PDAs) equipped with global positioning system (GPS) units in household surveys to select a probability-based sample arid perform PDA-based interviews. Our approach uses PDAs with GPS to rapidly map all households in selected areas, choose a random sample, and navigate back to the sampled households to conduct an interview. We present recent field experience in two large-scale nationally representative household surveys to assess insecticide-treated bed net coverage as part of malaria control efforts in Africa. The successful application of this method resulted in statistically valid samples; quality-controlled data entry; and rapid aggregation, analyses, and availability of preliminary results within days of completing the field work. We propose this method as an alternative to the Expanded Program on Immunization cluster sample method when a fast, statistically valid survey is required in an environment with little census information at the enumeration area level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Togolese Minist Hlth, Lome, Togo. RP Eng, JLV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Byford High Way, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jev8@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 393 EP 399 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400035 ER PT J AU John, MW Kim, HY Warner, L AF Williamson, John M. Kim, Hae-Young Warner, Lee TI Weighting condom use data to account for nonignorable cluster size SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condom use; generalized estimating equations; HIV infections; informative cluster size; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; CORRELATED DATA; RISK; CHLAMYDIA; DESIGN AB PURPOSE: We examined the impact of weighting the generalized estimating equation (GEE) by the inverse of the number of sex acts on the magnitude of association for factors predictive of recent condom use. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional survey on condom use reported during vaginal intercourse during the past year among male students attending two Georgia universities. The usual GEE model was fit to the data predicting the binary act-specific response indicating whether a condom was used. A second cluster-weighted GEE model (i.e., weighting the GEE score equation by the inverse of the number of sex acts) was also fit to predict condom use. RESULTS: Study participants who engaged in a greater frequency of sex acts were less likely to report condom use, resulting in nonignorable cluster-size data. The GEE analysis weighted by sex act (usual GEE) and the GEE analysis weighted by study subject (cluster-weighted GEE) produced different estimates of the association between the covariates and condom use in last year. For example, the cluster-weighted GEE analysis resulted in a marginally significant relationship between age and condom use (odds ratio of 0.49 with 95% confidence interval (0.23-1.03) for older versus younger participants) versus a nonsignificant relationship with the usual GEE model (odds ratio of 0.67 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.28-1.60). CONCLUSIONS: The two ways of weighting the GEE score equation, by the sex act or by the respondent, may produce different results and a different interpretation of the parameters in the presence of nonignorable cluster size. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP John, MW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jow5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 EI 1873-2585 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 603 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 199CD UT WOS:000248672900005 ER PT J AU Woodard, S Archer, L Zell, E Ronveaux, O Birmingham, M AF Woodard, Stacy Archer, Linda Zell, Elizabeth Ronveaux, Olivier Birmingham, Maureen TI Design and simulation study of the immunization Data Quality Audit (DQA) SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE probability sample; sampling error; computer simulation; vaccination ID GLOBAL FUND; GAVI AB The goal of the Data Quality Audit (DQA) is to assess whether the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization-funded countries are adequately reporting the number of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations given, on which the "shares" are awarded. Given that this sampling design is a modified two-stage cluster sample (modified because a stratified, rather than a simple, random sample of health facilities is obtained from the selected clusters); the formula for the calculation of the standard error for the estimate is unknown. An approximated standard error has been proposed, and the first goal of this simulation is to assess the accuracy of the standard error. Results from the simulations based on hypothetical populations were found not to be representative of the actual DQAs that were conducted. Additional simulations were then conducted on the actual DQA data to better access the precision of the DQ with both the original and the increased sample sizes. C1 Dept Biostat Quintiles Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. IntraHlth Int, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Woodard, S (reprint author), 5927 S Miami Blvd, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. EM stacy.woodard@quintiles.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 628 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.038 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 199CD UT WOS:000248672900009 PM 17553701 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Burman, W Luo, CC Peloquin, CA Engle, M Goldberg, S Agarwal, V Vernon, A AF Weiner, Marc Burman, William Luo, Chi-Cheng Peloquin, Charles A. Engle, Melissa Goldberg, Stefan Agarwal, Vipin Vernon, Andrew TI Effects of rifampin and multidrug resistance gene polymorphism on concentrations of moxifloxacin SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; PHARMACOKINETICS; TUBERCULOSIS; INDUCTION; CONSEQUENCES; SPARFLOXACIN; HAPLOTYPES; VITRO AB Treatment regimens combining moxifloxacin and rifampin for drug-susceptible tuberculosis are being studied intensively. However, rifampin induces enzymes that transport and metabolize moxifloxacin. We evaluated the effect of rifampin and the human multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) C3435T polymorphisms (P-glycoprotein) on moxifloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters. This was a single-center, sequential design study with 16 volunteers in which sampling was performed after four daily oral doses of moxifloxacin (400 mg) and again after 10 days of combined rifampin (600 mg) and moxifloxacin. After daily coadministration of rifampin, the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)) for moxifloxacin decreased 27%. Average bioequivallence between moxifloxacin coadministered with rifampin and moxifloxacin alone was not demonstrated: the ratio of geometric means (RGM) of the moxifloxacin AUC(0-24) was 73.3 (90% confidence intervals [CI], 64.3, 83.5) (total P value, 0.87 for two one-sided t tests). Peak moxifloxacin concentrations, however, were equivalent: the RGM of the maximum concentration of the drug in serum was 93.6 (90% Cl, 80.2, 109.3) (total P value, 0.049). Concentrations of the sulfate conjugate metabolite of moxifloxacin were increased twofold following rifampin coadministration (AUC(0-24), 1.29 versus 2.79 mu g - h/ml). Concomitant rifampin administration resulted in a 27% decrease in the mean moxifloxacin AU(0-24),-,, and a marked increase in the AUC(0-24),, of the microbiologically inactive M1 metabolite. Additional studies are required to understand the clinical significance of the moxifloxacin-rifampin interaction. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Natl Jewish Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NE Bioanalyt Labs, Hamden, CT USA. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), VAMC, Div Infect Dis 111F, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM weiner@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR01346, M01 RR001346] NR 20 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 51 IS 8 BP 2861 EP 2866 DI 10.1128/AAC.01621-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 196ZZ UT WOS:000248523700027 PM 17517835 ER PT J AU Waller, DK Shaw, GM Rasmussen, SA Hobbs, CA Canfield, MA Siega-Riz, AM Gallaway, MS Correa, A AF Waller, D. Kim Shaw, Gary M. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Hobbs, Charlotte A. Canfield, Mark A. Siega-Riz, Anna-Maria Gallaway, M. Shayne Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Prepregnancy obesity as a risk factor for structural birth defects SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BODY-MASS INDEX; MATERNAL OBESITY; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEART-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT; PREGNANCY AB Objective: To describe the relation between maternal obesity, overweight and underweight status, and 16 categories of structural birth defects. Design: An ongoing multisite, case- control study. Clinical geneticists reviewed all of the cases, excluding those that had or were strongly suspected to have a single- gene disorder or chromosomal abnormality. Mothers with preexisting-diabetes were also excluded. Body mass index was based on maternal report of height and weight prior to pregnancy. Setting: Eight participating states in the United States. Participants: Mothers enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who had index pregnancies between October 1, 1997, and December 31, 2002. Main Exposure: Maternal obesity. Main Outcome Measures: Crude and adjusted odds ratios. Results: Mothers of offspring with spina bifida, heart defects, anorectal atresia, hypospadias, limb reduction defects, diaphragmatic hernia, and omphalocele were significantly more likely to be obese than mothers of controls, with odds ratios ranging between 1.33 and 2.10. Mothers of offspring with gastroschisis were significantly less likely to be obese than mothers of controls. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study of its scale to examine prepregnancy obesity and a range of structural birth defects. These results suggest a weak to moderate positive association of maternal obesity with 7 of 16 categories of birth defects and a strong inverse association with gastroschisis. The mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet understood but may be related to undiagnosed diabetes. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst,Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr & Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Waller, DK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Hermann Pressler Dr,Ste E-619, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kim.waller@uth.tmc.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU613232] NR 38 TC 206 Z9 213 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 161 IS 8 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.745 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 197UW UT WOS:000248583000003 PM 17679655 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Xu, W Shen, K Xie, Z Sun, L Lu, Q Liu, C Liang, G Beeler, JA Anderson, LJ AF Zhang, Y. Xu, W. Shen, K. Xie, Z. Sun, L. Lu, Q. Liu, C. Liang, G. Beeler, J. A. Anderson, L. J. TI Genetic variability of group A and B human respiratory syncytial viruses isolated from 3 provinces in China SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID G-PROTEIN GENE; SUBGROUP-A; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; ATTACHMENT-G; 60 NUCLEOTIDES; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The genetic variability of HRSV in China was studied using nucleotide sequencing of the hypervariable C-terminal region of the G protein gene and phylogenetic analysis on 80 isolates obtained from three children's hospitals over a period of three epidemic seasons, 1990/1991, 2000/2001, and 2003/2004. The results showed that 76/80 of these isolates belonged to group A and 4/80 belonged to group B. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the group A isolates were genotype GA2 (74/76 isolates), and the other two isolates were GA3 and GA5. All group B isolates clustered into genotype GB3. There was substantial variation among the GA2 isolates, with nucleotide sequence and amino acid homologies ranging from 88.1-100% and 78.4-100%, respectively, in the hypervariable C-terminal region of the G protein gene. One group B virus, HRSV/Beijing/B/04/11, contained a 60-nucleotide duplication in the C-terminal region of the G protein, which was similar to what has been reported previously for isolates in several countries. This is the first report on the genetic diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus isolated during epidemic periods from children in China. These data provided a preliminary evaluation of patterns of circulation and the genetic diversity of isolates associated with HRSV epidemics within China. C1 Natl Inst Viral Dis, China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Childrens Hosp, Changchun, Peoples R China. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, FDA, Div Viral Prod, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, W (reprint author), 509 Room,27 Nanwei Rd,Xuanwu Dist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM wenbo_xu1@yahoo.com.cn NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1434 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0984-3 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 194WN UT WOS:000248374600001 PM 17510775 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Patterson, MA Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, M. S. Maher, K. Patterson, M. A. Pallansch, M. A. TI The complete genome sequence for an American isolate of enterovirus 77 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; SEROTYPES; PROTEIN; VP1 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVD NCIRD, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVD NCIRD, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G 17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1591 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0978-1 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 194WN UT WOS:000248374600021 PM 17497234 ER PT J AU Austin, H Key, NS Benson, JM Lally, C Dowling, NF Whitsett, C Hooper, WC AF Austin, Harland Key, Nigel S. Benson, Jane M. Lally, Cathy Dowling, Nicole F. Whitsett, Carolyn Hooper, W. Craig TI Sickle cell trait and the risk of venous thromboembolism among blacks SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; PROTHROMBIN G20210A; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; THROMBOSIS; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PARADOX AB People with sickle cell disease have a chronically activated coagulation system and display hemostatic perturbations, but it is unknown whether they experience an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a case-control study of venous thromboembolism that included 515 hospitalized black patients and 555 black controls obtained from medical clinics. All subjects were assayed for hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C genotypes. The prevalence of the S allele was 0.070 and 0.032 for case patients and controls, respectively (P <.001). The odds that a patient had sickle cell trait were approximately twice that of a control, indicating that the risk of venous thromboembolism is increased approximately 2-fold among blacks with sickle cell trait compared with those with the wild-type genotype (odds ratio = 1.8 with 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9). The odds ratio for pulmonary embolism and sickle cell trait was higher, 3.9 (2.2-6.9). The prevalence of sickle cell disease was also increased among case patients compared with controls. We conclude that sickle cell trait is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism and that the proportion of venous thromboembolism among blacks attributable to the mutation is approximately 7%. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Austin, H (reprint author), 1518 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM haustin@sph.emory.edu NR 22 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 3 BP 908 EP 912 DI 10.1182/blood-2006-11-057604 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 196WW UT WOS:000248514700026 PM 17409269 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Wiriyakitjar, D Nateniyom, S Anuwatnonthalate, A Monkongdee, P Sumnapan, S Akksilp, S Sattayawuthipong, W Charunsuntonsri, P Rienthong, S Yamada, N Akarasewi, P Wells, CD Tappero, JW AF Varma, Jay K. Wiriyakitjar, Daranee Nateniyom, Sriprapa Anuwatnonthalate, Amornrat Monkongdee, Patama Sumnapan, Surin Akksilp, Somsak Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Charunsuntonsri, Pricha Rienthong, Somsak Yamada, Norio Akarasewi, Pasakorn Wells, Charles D. Tappero, Jordan W. TI Evaluating the potential impact of the new Global Plan to Stop TB: Thailand, 2004-2005 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; TUBERCULOSIS-CONTROL; AFRICAN PATIENTS; HIV; EVOLUTION AB Objective WHO's new Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015 advises countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) to expand case-finding in the private sector as well as services for patients with HIV and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The objective of this study was to evaluate these strategies in Thailand using data from the Thailand TB Active Surveillance Network, a demonstration project begun in 2004. Methods In October 2004, we began contacting public and private health-care facilities monthly to record data about people diagnosed with TB, assist with patient care, provide HIV counselling and testing, and obtain sputum samples for culture and susceptibility testing. The catchment area included 3.6 million people in four provinces. We compared results from October 2004-September 2005 (referred to as 2005) to baseline data from October 2002-September 2003 (referred to as 2003). Findings In 2005, we ascertained 5841 TB cases (164/100 000), including 2320 new smear-positive cases (65/100 000). Compared with routine passive surveillance in 2003, active surveillance increased reporting of all TB cases by 19% and of new smear-positive cases by 13%. Private facilities diagnosed 634 (11 %) of all TB cases. In 2005, 1392 (24%) cases were known to be HIV positive. The proportion of cases with an unknown HIV status decreased from 66% (3226/4904) in 2003 to 23% (1329/5841) in 2005 (P < 0,01). Of 4656 pulmonary cases, mycobacterial culture was performed in 3024 (65%) and MDR-TB diagnosed in 60 (1 %). Conclusion In Thailand, piloting the new WHO strategy increased case-finding and collaboration with the private sector, and improved HIV services for TB patients and the diagnosis of MDR-TB. Further analysis of treatment outcomes and costs is needed to assess this programme's impact and cost effectiveness. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, USA CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.038067 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 199QK UT WOS:000248710100008 PM 17768516 ER PT J AU Ugolini, D Puntoni, R Perera, FP Schulte, PA Bonassi, S AF Ugolini, Donatella Puntoni, Riccardo Perera, Frederica P. Schulte, Paul A. Bonassi, Stefano TI A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in cancer molecular epidemiology SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN-UNION; IMPACT FACTOR; PUBLICATIONS; COUNTRIES AB Objectives: The main purpose of this research was to compare the scientific production in the field of cancer molecular epidemiology among countries and to evaluate the publication trend between 1995 and 2004. Methods: A bibliometric study was carried out searching the PubMed database with a combined search strategy based on the keywords listed in the medical subject headings and a free text search. Only articles from a representative subset of 92 journals-accounting for 80% of papers identified-were selected for the analysis, and the resulting 13 240 abstracts were manually checked according to a list of basic inclusion criteria. The study evaluated the number of publications and the impact factor (mean and sum), absolute and normalized by country population and gross domestic product. Results: A total of 3842 citations were finally selected for the analysis. Thirty-seven percent came from the European Union (UK, Germany, Italy, France and Sweden ranking at the top), 31.6% from USA and 9.7% from Japan. The highest mean impact factor was reported for Canada (6.3), USA (5.9), Finland (5.8) and UK (5.2). Finland, Sweden and Israel had the best ratio between scientific production and available resources. 'Genetic polymorphism, glutathione transferase, breast neoplasm, risk factors, case-control studies and polymerase chain reaction' were the most used keywords in each of the subgroups evaluated, although inclusion criteria may have privileged studies dealing with exogenous carcinogens. Conclusion: Cancer molecular epidemiology is an expanding area attracting an increasing interest. The identification of an operative definition is a necessary condition to give to this discipline a unique scientific identity. C1 Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Oncol Biol & Genet, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Natl Inst Canc Res, Epidemiol Unit, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Natl Inst Canc Res, Biostat Unit, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Mol Epidemiol, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RP Ugolini, D (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Oncol Biol & Genet, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. EM donatella.ugolini@istge.it OI bonassi, stefano/0000-0003-3833-6717 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1774 EP 1779 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgm129 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 209DY UT WOS:000249370400024 PM 17548902 ER PT J AU Lewis, T Leeb, R Kotch, J Smith, J Thompson, R Black, MM Pelaez-Merrick, M Briggs, E Coyne-Beasley, T AF Lewis, Terri Leeb, Rebecca Kotch, Jonathan Smith, Jamie Thompson, Richard Black, Maureen M. Pelaez-Merrick, Melissa Briggs, Ernestine Coyne-Beasley, Tamera TI Maltreatment history and weapon carrying among early adolescents SO CHILD MALTREATMENT LA English DT Article DE weapon; adolescents; abuse; self-protection ID HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS; SEXUAL-ABUSE; RISK-FACTORS; CHILD MALTREATMENT; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; JUVENILE-OFFENDERS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; UNITED-STATES; VIOLENCE; YOUTH AB This study examines the role of maltreatment in weapon carrying among 12-year-old youth (N = 797) interviewed as Part of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), an ongoing study of the antecedents and consequences of child maltreatment. Participants reported their physical and sexual abuse history and provided responses to items assessing perceived need for a weapon and weapon carrying. There were no gender differences in rates Of self-reported physical or sexual abuse. Males were more likely than females to report weapon carrying and perceived need for a weapon. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect of perceived need for a weapon on the association between abuse and weapon carrying. Results indicated that perceived need for a weapon fully mediated the effect of physical abuse and partially mediated the effect of sexual abuse. Results are discussed in the context of self-protection theory. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Collaborat Studies Coordinating Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. SDSU UCSD Joint Doctoral Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lewis, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Collaborat Studies Coordinating Ctr, 203 Bank Amer Plaza,CB 8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Terri.Lewis@mail.cscc.unc.edu RI Thompson, Richard/G-5408-2011 OI Thompson, Richard/0000-0003-0127-513X NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5595 EI 1552-6119 J9 CHILD MALTREATMENT JI Child Maltreatment PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1177/1077559507303402 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 193KF UT WOS:000248272200006 PM 17631625 ER PT J AU Embers, ME Jacobs, MB Johnson, BJB Philipp, MT AF Embers, Monica E. Jacobs, Mary B. Johnson, Barbara J. B. Philipp, Mario T. TI Dominant epitopes of the C6 diagnostic peptide of Borrelia burgdorfefi are largely inaccessible to antibody on the parent VlsE molecule SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; IMMUNODOMINANT CONSERVED REGION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LYME-DISEASE; INVARIABLE REGIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; SERODIAGNOSIS; DOMAIN AB Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a disease for which antibody-based detection assays are often required for diagnosis. The variable surface molecule VlsE and IR6, one of its invariable regions, are commonly targeted by the antibody response in infected individuals. A series of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was performed to comparatively examine the antibody responses of North American LB patients (n = 37) to VIsE and invariable segments of this molecule. Both immunoglobulin M (IgM)and IgG responses to full-length VlsE and to peptides reproducing invariable regions 2, 4, and 6, as well as the invariable domains at the amino and carboxyl termini of VlsE, were assessed. The proportions and specificities of reactivity to the invariable segments were tested by using cognate peptides as competitors for VlsE binding by patient serum antibodies. IR6 epitopes (by the C6 peptide) were found to dominate the response to invariable segments. IR6 (C6)-specific antibodies were detected in 78% of the serum specimens, whereas < 40% of patients generated antibodies that bound the N- or C-terminal domain and < 12% of patients responded to either IR2 or IR4. Interestingly, 15 of 37 patients generated IgG antibodies that reacted with C6 but not with VIsE. Conversely, IgM responses were frequent for VlsE but not for invariable segments. A representative number of the serum specimens (n = 8) that contained IgG antibodies reacting with both C6 and VIsE was assessed in competition experiments, using C6 as a competitor. Only half of these specimens contained IgG antibodies whose binding to VlsE could be inhibited > 50% by competition with the added C6 peptide. The median percent inhibition was 45.5%. These findings indicate that IR6 epitopes are largely concealed from the VIsE molecular surface and that full-length VIsE-based diagnosis likely detects antibodies to conformational and/or variable region epitopes. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Bacteriol & Parasitol, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Philipp, MT (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Bacteriol & Parasitol, Three Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433 USA. EM Philipp@tulane.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000164, RR00164]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049976, R01-AI49976] NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 14 IS 8 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1128/CVI.00075-07 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 200XM UT WOS:000248796100001 PM 17567769 ER PT J AU Mills, JL Hediger, ML Molloy, CA Chrousos, GP Manning-Courtney, P Yu, KF Brasington, M England, LJ AF Mills, James L. Hediger, Mary L. Molloy, Cynthia A. Chrousos, George P. Manning-Courtney, Patricia Yu, Kai F. Brasington, Mark England, Lucinda J. TI Elevated levels of growth-related hormones in autism and autism spectrum disorder SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-PROTEIN; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ADRENARCHE; ANDROGENS; DISEASE; WEIGHT; HEIGHT; LIFE AB Objective Children with autism are known to have larger head circumferences; whether they are above average in height and weight is less clear. Moreover, little is known about growth-related hormone levels in children with autism. We investigated whether children with autism were taller and heavier, and whether they had higher levels of growth-related hormones than control children did. Design A case-control study design was employed. Patients Boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism (n = 71) and age-matched control boys (n = 59) were evaluated at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Measurements Height, weight and head circumference were measured. Blood samples were assayed for IGF-1 and 2, IGFBP-3, growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) and for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulphate (DHEAS). Results Subjects with autism/ASD had significantly (P = 0.03) greater head circumferences (mean z-score 1.24, SD 1.35) than controls (mean z-score 0.78, SD 0.93). Subjects with autism also had significantly (P = 0.01) greater weights (mean z-score 0.91, SD 1.13) than controls (mean z-score 0.41, SD 1.11). Height did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.65); subjects with autism/ASD had significantly (P = 0.003) higher body mass indices (BMI) (mean z-score 0.85, SD 1.19) than controls (mean z-score 0.24, SD 1.17). Levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3 and GHBP in the group with autism/ASD were all significantly higher (all P <= 0.0001) than in controls. Conclusions Children with autism/ASD had significantly higher levels of many growth-related hormones: IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3 and GHBP. These findings could help explain the significantly larger head circumferences and higher weights and BMIs seen in these subjects. Future studies should examine the potential role of growth-related hormones in the pathophysiology of autism. C1 NICHHD, NIH, DHHS, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NICHHD, NIH, DHHS, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHHS, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mills, JL (reprint author), NICHD, DESPR, NIH, Room 7B03,6100 Bldg, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jamesmills@nih.gov NR 31 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02868.x PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 197BH UT WOS:000248527600012 PM 17547689 ER EF